We believe that our experience with a recent canine neurological case will be of interest to readers as it highlights the possibility that drugs may be a cause of the syndromes associated with aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in dogs, as in people. A 14-month-old spayed Border Terrier dog was treated (starting on Day 1) with 5.5 mg/kg firocoxib (Previcox; Boehringer Ingelheim, Manukau, NZ) given orally, once daily and exercise was restricted because of an undefinable, mild right forelimb lameness of a few weeks duration. The dog was appropriately vaccinated against distemper, canine hepatitis, parvovirus and leptospirosis, and had received regular parasite control with praziquantel, pyrantel and febantel (Drontal for dogs 10 kg; Bayer Ltd., Auckland, NZ) and afoxolaner and milbemycin (NexGard Spectra; Merial, Manukau, NZ). On Day 7 of treatment the dog became severely somnolent but remained appetent, having three episodes of exaggerated swallowing with concurrent neck extension, which were unrelated to eating. Vital parameters remained within normal limits and firocoxib was discontinued. Unsteadiness on the hind limbs was seen when the dog was standing to eat on Day 8. Marked somnolence with total inactivity, a mild left menace deficit with intact facial nerve function, left nasal septal hypalgesia with intact facial reflexes and left fore and left hind paw-knuckling-test (conscious proprioception; CP) deficits were found on Day 10, all consistent with right forebrain lesion(s). There was equivocal evidence of a pain response being elicited on head and neck manipulation. Over the first week of illness (Days 7–14) the neurological signs waxed and waned, with variable left or right menace deficit, conscious proprioception deficits more consistently of the right hind than left hind, and continued moderate somnolence were documented. On Day 14, vital parameters were still normal, but a modest peripheral eosinophilia (1.76 × 10/L; reference range 0.01–1.49 × 10/L) and monocytosis (2.48 × 10/L; reference range 0.30–2.00 × 10/L] were detected from a venous blood sample No notable abnormal values were obtained on testing for routine venous blood biochemistry and for total blood thyroxine contents. The dog was given a standard dose of anthelmintic containing praziquantel, pyrantel and febantel (Drontal for dogs 10 kg: Bayer Ltd., Auckland, NZ), however, a faecal sample for review of endoparasite control was not obtained. Antiprotozoal therapy began on Day 14 with clindamycin (Clinacin; RxVet, Porirua, NZ) at 11 mg/kg and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Trisul; Mylan Ltd., Auckland, NZ) at a total dose of 23 mg/kg both given orally, twice daily. A sample of cerebrospinal fluid was obtained from the cisterna magna under general anaesthesia on Day 15 that contained 0.75 g/L protein (reference range 0.2–0.5 g/L) and 120 × 10/L nucleated cells (reference range 0–10 × 10/L) with 76% eosinophils, 12% neutrophils and 12% mononuclear cells, and the cerebrospinal fluid-to-blood-glucose ratio was 0.7. No organisms or unusual cell forms were seen on scrutiny of the cytologic slides. One dose of 0.25 mg/kg dexamethasone (Dexadreson; MSD Animal Health, Wellington, NZ) was given I/V and 2 mg/kg prednisone (ApoPrednisone; Apotex Ltd, Auckland, NZ) was administered orally, twice per day from Day 15, 8 days after firocoxib was discontinued. Clinical signs improved rapidly over 36 hours with only very mild sleepiness and subtle left sided mild limb CP deficits remaining by Day 17. Toxoplasma gondii (1/32) and Neospora caninum (negative at 1/16) serum titres on Day 16 were not significant, at which stage clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy was stopped. The prednisone dose was tapered slowly to a final dose of 0.5 mg/kg that was stopped after 9 weeks of treatment. Almost 3 weeks after the onset of neurological signs, 12 days after prednisone therapy had commenced, the dog was neurologically normal in all respects, and remains so now over 12 months after the onset of signs. The variable lameness also resolved. Our patient had an eosinophilic meningitis/encephalitis with the most prominent lesion(s) in the right forebrain. With neosporosis and toxoplasmosis extremely unlikely based on serological tests, and the patient residing in Aotearoa/New Zealand where there are no known canine viral, other protozoal or helminth primary neuropathogens, particularly Angiostrongylus spp., the process in the dog likely was aseptic and non-infectious and the authors were


Last night, a thief broke into our house and stole our bird. They jimmied the lock on our back door, which admittedly was inadequate, cracked the doorjamb, entered in the dark and, heading across the kitchen to the small cabinet near the living room, unlocked the cage on top of it, clasped the bird, somehow doing it quietly, and disappeared back out the door. Following our call, the police arrived at 8.47 this morning and 'dusted the place', as the expression goes. We haven't done that for a while ourselves, so there's a novel thing in itself, that virtuous dusting. Soon after, they asked to interview my wife, Giddy, and then me (I prefer to call it a 'consultation', because they sure seemed unsure of what to ask me). Then they took some phone photos of the open cage. Clearly, 'examining evidence' doesn't mean what it used to mean. They gave me a name of a good builder who they said was 'not the cheapest but probably the best', (frankly, I figured a few short nails and some caulking cement and we'd be done), and they suggested I update the deadlock. The real problem started when one of the officers – a tallish guy with a pronounced blond cowlick, looking much like a cartoon quarterback from somewhere back in time – asked, casually as they were packing up, taking their mugs to the sink and the like:


Social segregation in urban areas is a phenomenon with distinct spatial patterns. It is influenced by differences in socio-economic (e.g. income) and environmental (e.g. share of green space) factors. Since these influential factors vary in their intensity throughout space it is important to identify and to analyse the spatial patterns of these influencing factors in order to develop adequate coping strategies. Analysis of spatial autocorrelation, cluster analysis and geographically weighted regression may give new insights into spatial patterns and processes of the social segregation context in urban areas (Cahill & Mulligan 2007). In contrast to traditional global statistical regression analyses such as logistic regression or ordinary least square analyses spatial processes are addressed in this study in their very distinct behaviour using geographically weighted regressions (Brunsdon et al. 1998). The aim of this paper is to explore spatial patterns and underlying processes of social segregation in Berlin.


Soft skills is a sociological term relating to a person's Emotional Intelligence Quotient, the cluster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people. According to the Partnership for 21st Century Skills 2006 report, soft skills are an applied skill as opposed to basic knowledge skills. It is a form of systematic assistant where by pupils are aided in their achieving satisfactory adjustment of self and to others in their institutions and life relationship. People with soft skills might display the following characteristics. Time management, Excellent communication skills, Strong work ethic, Emotional intelligence, Leadership, Positivity and enthusiasm etc. The teacher is to generate love for the mankind there by bringing about a synthesis between doing and feeling by coordinating the use of head and heart in the educative process. In this paper also discussed about Soft skills for teachers. These skills are all about how a Teacher works with Students, maintains a positive attitude under pressure, solves a personal or work crisis and communicates effectively.


Purpose: To describe the first case of anterior segment dysgenesis associated with factor VII congenital deficit (hypoproconvertinemia). Method: A 2-month-old child with factor VII deficiency was referred to our clinic because of corneal opacities. The child was born to consanguineous parents and severe factor VII deficiency was diagnosed on the third day of life because of gastrointestinal bleeding. Result: Ocular examination under anesthesia showed bilateral corneal opacities with adherent iris strands and peripheral anterior synechiae. The intra-ocular pressure was normal in both eyes and there were neither signs of cataracts nor glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Conclusion: This observation provide new information on the possible ocular findings in patients with hypoproconvertinemia. Based on this report, we suggest that careful coagulation screening should be considered in children who possess idiopathic anterior segment dysgenesis aiming at identifying the possible coagulation disorder.


Micrometer-sized composite polymer-magnetic spheres consisting of a magnetic-spherical core with a polystyrene shell were produced. The magnetic-spherical core was produced by plasma thermal conversion of waste powders precursor (iron oxide) generated during the conventional process of steel production. Precursor powders were projected into an Ar-He plasma plume using industrial thermal-spray equipment. The results are a total conversion of the precursor powders into magnetic-spherical particles with diameters in the micrometer size range. The surfaces of the magnetic-spheres were functionalized by a chemistry hydrolysis method using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and creating superficial amine structures that improved the adherence of the final polystyrene shells that was polymerized by adapting the miniemulsion process. The products at the different synthesis steps were characterized by diverse techniques, such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the magnetic properties were investigated with a vibrating sample magnetometer.


Dear Editor, We read with great interest the comment on our recent study titled "Validity of the Kihon Checklist for evaluating frailty status in Turkish older adults." In Turkey, the prevalence of frail and prefrail older adults is high, like many other countries. Therefore, in this study we aimed to test the validity of a Turkish version of the Kihon Checklist (KCL), and to evaluate its strength in determining frailty defined by the Fried criteria. One of the comments suggested that by setting the gold standard for frailty, a validation study of KCL should be carried out as further studies. As far as we are concerned, there is no gold standard method for detecting frailty, therefore the Fried physical frailty phenotype is one of the most widely used scales for frailty studies. In addition, if a gold standard method can be developed to evaluate frailty, the validation of KCL for frailty can be reevaluated by this new method. Additionally, as many previous studies showed that the total KCL score should be more effective for screening frailty than the subtotal KCL score, in our study we evaluated the validity of a Turkish version of the whole KCL rather than each KCL subscale separately. However, some studies used the subscales of KCL so that they could evaluate different outcomes, which proves the multidimensional nature of the KCL. Also, many studies have considered KCL subscales differently, and despite some suggestions, there is currently no consensus on the division of KCL subscales. Given the fact that frailty is also multidimensional and dynamic, it is obvious how important the whole of the KCL is. Accordingly, in our study, we also showed that the Turkish version of the whole KCL is a quick, simple and sensitive screening method for older adults. The KCL subscales can be evaluated for frailty or other geriatric outcomes in future studies. We hope this additional information helps shed light on your questions. Disclosure statement


The Paper puts forward a framework of famous brand systems engineering, discusses the key variables influencing the creation and development of famous brand.The systems engineering model and the strategic paths design model for the creation and development of famous brands are developed.And an application case of the famous brand systems engineering is introduced.


A new long-term stochastic model is applied to the calculation of the probability structure of random quantities accumulated over long-term periods (long-term cumulative quantities). The underlying process (e.g., the sea-surface elevation, or a structural response of a ship) is modelled, in the long time, as a two-level (doubly) stochastic process, by distinguishing between the fast-time scale, in which the corresponding spectral characteristics are slowly evolving. As a first approximation, the time series of spectral parameters is given the structure of a renewal process, whose inter arrival times are the durations of successive sea states. Then, long-term cumulative quantities can be considered as the "accumulated cost" of a renewal-reward process, and their probability distribution is obtained in terms of the joint statistics of sea-state duration and spectral parameters, using a central limit theorem for renewal-reward processes. The limiting distribution is Gaussian with a mean value equal to that predicted by Battjes (1970). A new formula for predicting the variance is given in this paper. The long-term number of waves (cycles) having amplitude greater than a threshold value U, denoted by Mu, is treated as an example. Numerical results are presented for a site in the central North Atlantic, based on 20-year hindcast data. The statics of sea-state duration and spectral parameters is first obtained and discussed. Then, using these results, the probability distribution of Mu is estimated. It is found that the variation coefficient of Mu may be as great as 0.60, a fact indicating that Mu might not be adequately represented by its mean value. More elaborated models incorporating the dependence between successive sea states are expected to improve the prediction of the variance, without affecting the asymptotic normality of Mu.


Territorial development of metropolitan regions is broadly problematized in several international documents, strategies and policies. Following from their analysis there is a pending requirement of safeguarding sustainable development as the basis of any urban and metropolitan development concepts. Although there are several concepts addressing particular aspects of sustainable urban development in the world, all of them are basically framed by a square defined by four core concepts. Two of them are more structural, focused on spatial patterns and two processual addressing the life processes of socio-ecosystems of cities. These four concepts - Compact City, Polycentric City, Smart City and Eco/Green City, are mentioned in the New Leipzig Charter – The transformative power of cities for the common good published by the European Commission in 2020. Currently, there is no consensus on defining the criteria for identification of metropolitan regions and their territories that would reflect the diversity and specifics in metropolitan regions across the EU Member States. The OECD favours the definition of a metropolitan region not as an administrative unit but as a nodal territory. In addition, the definition of metropolitan regions clashes with the fuzzy nature of their borders, which change over time and in relation to the aspects of their identification. Paper handles the issue of metropolitan regions in Central Europe with the focus on Bratislava metropolitan region. The paper is based on research project Territorial Prognosis Bratislava 2050 developed by Spectra Centre of Excellence with the aim to identify and describe crucial trends and challenges for the development of the Bratislava region based on global megatrends and local specifics and processes and to identify principles for future sustainable development of the region until 2050. Within the broader relations, it is necessary to take into account the development in the functional urban area of the Bratislava-Vienna agglomeration, the so-called core territory of Central European metropolitan region, which also extends to the neighbouring self-governing regions (Nitra and Trnava), the federal states of Burgendland, Niederoesterreich and Vienna and the county of Gyor-Moson-Sopron in Hungary. The outcome of the case study defines trends and their projection for the future territorial development of the Bratislava region based on thematic analysis of economy, social ecology, socio-cultural and environmental, transport, housing, services, social infrastructure, technical infrastructure and energy.


We consider the stochastic process representing the flow of traffic in a full availability group of telephone circuits, in the case of the lost call model. Recently obtained results in the case of the most general assumptions regarding the arrival process and the distribution of service times are briefly recalled. With the same degree of generality, the method is applied to the study of overflow traffic and the explicit congestion formulae determining this type of traffic are given.


Intestinal parasitosis is major health problem in developing country like Nepal. The study aimed to assess the analysis of different factors associated with intestinal parasitosis among the patient in a hospital of Nepal. With the help of verbal consent, self-structure questionnaire was filled from the patient visiting out-patient department of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal from may2008 to july2008. The stool sample was examined by formal ether sedimentation technique. Chi-square test was used for analytical assessment. Out of 179 stool samples (Male: 113, Female: 66), 21 (11.7%) were positive, female being highly infected (16.7%) as compared to their male counter parts (8.8%) (P>0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest parasite (61.9%) detected, followed by hookworm (19.0%) and Hymenolepis nana (4.8%). Giardia lamblia was the most prevalent (9.5%) protozoa, followed by Entamoeba histolytica (4.8%). Helminths were more common (85.7%) than the protozoa (14.3%).Analysis of different factors associated with intestinal parasitosis shows infection rate among female is more than male. High detection of helminths signifies the need of public awareness regarding latrine use,


Objective To analyse the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in severely burned rats on secretory IgA and the changes of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cells and CD4+/ CD8+, thus to investigate the effect of H2S on the intestinal mucosal immune barrier after burned. Methods One hundred and four SD purebred male rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into burn groups (96 rats) and normal group (8 rats) . Ninety-six rats of the burn groups were randomly divided into simple burn group,NaHS group and PPG group (32 rats in each group) . The normal group did not burn,and the rats backs of the other three groups caused 30% TBSA full-thickness scald after shaving. The cecum and intestinal contents of the burn groups were collected after feeding a week and at 2 d,7 d,14 d and 21 d after burned,and the changes of SigA,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ were analyzed. Results Compared with the normal group,SigA levels of the burn groups were decreased in various phases,andCD3+ ,CD4+ decreased,CD8+ increased,CD4+/CD8+ decreased in the burn groups at each time point (each P0. 05) . compared with the simple burn group,SIgA levels of NaHS group were elevated in all time points after injury,CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ increased (each P0. 05) . Compared with the simple burn group,the levels of SigA,CD3+ and CD4+ in PPG group decreased significantly at each time point,while CD4+/CD8+ decreased (each P0. 05) . Conclusion Exogenous H2S has protective effect on intestinal immune barrier in severe burn rats.


Hua yue Hen is one the prepresentative works of the early time novels about prostitution in late Qing Dynasty.We are interested in the express of emotion,the explanation of destiny about protagonists and the indulgence in tears and death.As a novel between the late Qing Dynasty and modern society,Hua Yue Hen inherits the aspect of classical beauty and wit.On the other hand Hua Yue Hen has its modern significance due to the uniqueness in posteriority time.And as a work in the transitional period,it has much to do with the modern time since the "May 4th Movement".


The presence of viral determinants in tumor cells induced by a PARA-adenovirus 12 population carrying SV40 information has been investigated. The cells contained three markers specific for papovavirus SV40; the transplantation, surface and tumor antigens. Quantitative comparison with the SV40-transformed H-50 hamster cell line indicated the PARA-12 cells had a lower level of transplantation antigen but a higher level of T antigen. There was no evidence for any adenovirus markers, nor was infectious virus detected.


Background In 2006, the European Parliament approved paediatric standards (Paediatric Regulation 1901/2006) in order to stimulate the development of paediatric clinical trials (PCT) reducing off-label drug use (ODU). Purpose To evaluate the variation in PCT and ODU in children over the last 6 years since this paediatric regulation came into force. We also analysed the type of PCT and characteristics of drugs involved in PCTs or prescribed in conditions that they are not approved (off label). Materials and methods Observational retrospective study in a 252-bed children's hospital which forms part of a tertiary hospital. The main outcome measured was the number of PCT carried out per year and ODU per year (from 2007 to 2012). Furthermore, PCT design, type of drugs used in both conditions (experimental and off-label), and reasons for off-label use according to the summary of product characteristics were assessed as well. Results We analysed 87 drugs involved in PCT and 449 non-investigational drugs, of which 117 (26%) were considered off-label prescriptions. We observed an increase in PCT carried out per year from 9 in 2007 to 23 in 2011, reaching 19.3% of total clinical trials performed in our centre. Off-label drug use remained stable over the study period. The most common type of PCT design was phase III non-randomised open-label (27.6%). Concerning the drugs involved, antibiotics and antineoplastic-immunosuppressant agents were the most common drugs investigated in PCT, while off-label prescriptions mainly involved hypnotics-sedatives and anticoagulants. Most cases of these off-label prescriptions were related to the lack of studies. Conclusions Since January 2007 when the paediatric regulations came into force in the European Union , an increase of PCT performed has been detected in our centre. However, this fact has not affected off-label drug use which has not changed mainly due to a lack of research into drugs in children. No conflict of interest.


Over the past two decades, numerous analytical solutions of crack problems have appeared in the open literature. A great number of these solutions are concerned with idealized crack geometries. Only a few of them involving the interaction of cracks with neighboring boundaries have been solved satisfactorily. One such problem of great practical interest is that of cracks emanating from the base of edge notches. A Green function for the problem of the edge crack was first given by Hartranft and Sih using the alternating method. The present analysis extends these results to apply to the case of edge cracks at notches.


An experimental investigation has been made of the corrosion behavior of steel and Zircalloy 2 in deaerated synthetic pore solution and of steel in deaerated mortar. Zircalloy 2 was found to be passivated at all values of pH and electrochemical potentials investigated. Its passive corrosion rate was of the order of < 0.01 ..mu..m/year. The steel exhibited active corrosion rates of a few ..mu..m/year with hydrogen evolution as the corresponding cathodic reaction. The measured free potentials indicated, however, that the hydrogen partial pressures were less than 1 atm.


The paper presented the behavior of impurity elements and effect of removing colbat in the process of removing colbat by β-naphthol.The process factors of removing colbat was examined.The result showed that the removing colbat is ineffecient by β-naphthol as the solution of zinc sulfate containing high concerntration of copper and cadmium.The effect of purifying colbat was equal to those of zinc powder and antimony salt by β-naphthol amount to 9-13 times as same as colbat,after the copper and cadmium were replaced by zinc powder.The colbat was remained under 0.5mg/L in the solution of zinc sulfate.


The reform of basketball education in higher education institutions is an important part of modern curricular innovations for higher education students. Basketball is very popular among students in higher education institutions because of its strong teamwork, emotional, active, and recreational nature. Currently, there are still some problems in the basketball education system, both in the methodology and content of education and in the practice of evaluating the effectiveness of that education on students. The specifics of instruction, such as curriculum, sports facilities, and national policies regarding student sports, have a certain impact on certain components of reform of the basketball education system. The purpose of this study is to systematize the influencing factors and trends in the development of student basketball in order to formulate key provisions for strategies to update the theory and practice of basketball education in higher education institutions. Materials and methods of research. To determine the set research objectives, we used the following methods: analysis and generalization of data from special scientific and methodological literature, monitoring of Internet information resources, methods of systematization, content analysis. Results. The obtained data define the research strategy of the main provisions on updating the theory and practice of basketball coaching in higher education institutions, fill in the content and structure of the reform system of basketball coaching in higher education institutions, update system of theory and practice of basketball coaching in physical training practice The results of the study provided the theoretical basis for the conceptualization of the system of basketball coaching theory and practice in physical training practice. Conclusion. The obtained results made it possible to extract and present in the paper the characteristics of the first element of the theoretical basis of the strategy of updating the theory and practice of basketball coaching in institutions of higher education.


Arabic script is a system of written language used to symbolize the sounds of Arabic. It constitutes the category of written system of ortography and it is made based on the pronounciation of a sound independently or separated from the context of a word. As a result, there are latters arranged alphabetically, well-known as al-huruf al-hijaiyyah. All this time, Arabic script is acknowledged as a consistent language of the sound sign. It is understood considering that every Arabic letter has special character and it is completed by spelling rules. By such characters and spelling rules, every letter can write both its sound and its variances. It needs comprehensive understanding on the characters and the spelling rules of Arabic letters to write the sounds of Arabic scripts correctly. Without understanding it, the mistakes in writing a sound of Arabic scripts will appear.
To avoid mistakes in writing the sounds of Arabic scripts, this article tries to explain the character of every Arabic letters as well as it spelling rules. This article also gives information about several Arabic letters that make difficulties for the users.
Keywords: Arabic, Arabic script, al-huruf al-hijaiyyah


Direct epifluorescent filter technique was studied as a method to enumerate Listeria monocytogenes in artificially contaminated cheese. Occurrences of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells of L. monocytogenes prompted us to investigate the viability of this pathogen in hard cheese during refrigerated storage under different packaging conditions. This study compared the results of two enumeration methods: epifluorescent microscopic counting and plating. The microscopic enumeration was based on fluorescent staining with carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) for tracing cells that display metabolic activity. In this study, the L. monocytogenes persisted well throughout a prolonged storage of cheese, regardless of the packaging conditions. Based on a discrepancy between CFDA and plate count results, a dormant fraction of VBNC cells was distinguished, thus greater quantities of VBNC cells were estimated along with storage time. We conclude that direct epifluorescent filter technique may be an attractive approach for assessing bacterial viability, especially for pathogens with the ability to enter a dormant state.


Contemporary approaches to teaching and learning statistics involve the use of elaborate datasets, which are stored in spreadsheet format. While modern textbooks supply a collection of datasets on disk media or via companion web sites, there is substantial merit in having the learners in a classroom collaboratively build a dataset on a single spreadsheet, and begin their explorations. This paper highlights some constructivist ways in which cloud spreadsheets can be employed to illustrate basic as well as advanced concepts in statistics.


Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts (GBE) were found to be very helpful to human being's health. The traditional freeze drying and spray drying were often harmful to labile effective contents, i.e., flavonoid. In this paper, supercritical fluid CO2 drying (SCFD) technology was used to dry GBE into powder product. The L2555 orthogonal test was designed to investigate the effects of the parameters on the residual solvent content in the dried product. Various factors affecting the process, including supercritical fluid pressure, temperature, flow rate, drying time and concentration of extracts, were selected in 25 tests. The optimal operating parameters are in the order of SCF pressure, its temperature, feed solid concentration, SCF flow rate and running time. The verification test validated the optimal conditions.


A book like this must be selective in such a vast and growing field as cardiology. The editor has organized a distinguished assembly of authors from the Englishspeaking world-including Sweden ! The first half of the book deals with a mixture of topics-for example, cardiac metabolism, circulatory dynamics, respiratory function tests, pulmonary hypertension, renal function in heart disease, electrolytes in heart failure, treatment and prophylaxis, and cardiac surgery. The second half is entirely devoted to coronary disease, including chapters on epidemiology, metabolic factors, coronary flow measurements, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The reader will find little that is stereotyped, and without exception the various contributors deal with their subjects with critical erudition and up-to-date knowledge. The extensive section on coronary disease to some extent reflects not only the massive research but also the great perplexities and unanswered questions which still remain. Some of the'communications are provocative and incisive (Sharpey-Schafer). Others contain very recent work based on the original researches of the authors (Bing, Werko, Gorlin). Bedford, Holmes Sellors, and Campbell write from their rich experience in congenital heart disease. On the subject of coronary artery disease Oliver gives an excellent critical account of the relationship to lipid metabolism, while Hill gives a carefully balanced assessment of the place of diet and other measures in treatment. Both authors exercise commendable caution in their conclusions. presenting both sides of the debatable anticoagulant problem. Feil confuses an otherwise useful table on prognosis by the inclusion of survival figures from necropsy series. Gorlin's recent work on myocardial metabolism in heart failure will stimulate great interest, confirming for the first time in man Starling's suggestion that the oxygen consumption of the heart is closely related to its volume: as the filling pressure of the heart rises with failure the oxygen cost of the same cardiac work is increased. A revolutionary change in views on coronary disease is likely to follow the recent introduction of direct coronary angiography in man-too recent for more than brief mention in this monograph. The impossibility of considering the heart and heart failure in isolation is recognized by the editor, who has called in his Manchester colleagues, Butler and Black, to deal with the lungs and electrolyte disturbances respectively. These are excellent chapters which should be fully studied and assimilated by clinical cardiologists who require this basic knowledge to approach a comprehension of the total disorder in patients with cardiac failure. This monograph has great merit in being so nearly up to date. Many of the references have been published only in recent months. 1 came across only one unfortunate slip: W. M. Bayliss is referred to as Baileyand by a British author at that I This book is a most valuable addition to the Modern Trends series. Every cardiologist will find something of interest, and in fields outside his own research interest he will find descriptions of new work which are both clearly presented and exciting to contemplate.


In 1991, the eight nations that make up the North Polar region (Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, and the United States) created the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) to characterize the levels and effects of environmental contamination in the Arctic. One result of that program was' Arctic Pollution Issues: A State of the Arctic Environment Report and a companion document, TheAMAPAssessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues, both issued in 1997, which detailed the unique environmental and health problems facing the Arctic's ecology and populations [see EHP 106:A64-A69 (1998)]. This past May, health and environmental officials, research scientists, medical providers, leaders of indigenous communities, and concerned Arctic citizens met in Anchorage, Alaska, to explore these issues at the International Conference on Arctic Development, Pollution, and Biomarkers ofHuman Health. At the meeting, organized by the NIEHS and the Alaska Area Native Health Service, Andrew Gilman, director of Health Canada's Office of Sustainable Development, noted that although the AMAP reports described relatively low levels of hazardous substances in the Arctic air, water, and food web compared to other geographic areas, those levels cannot be dismissed as insignificant because of the reliance of indigenous peoples throughout the Arctic on a diet of fish and marine and terrestrial mammals, which ingest and bioaccumulate environmental contaminants such as persistent organic compounds and heavy metals. Addressing conference participants, Gilman said, "The relationship between indigenous people in the Arctic and their food is entirely different from your relationship with a Big Mac." Representatives of indigenous peoples at the conference explained that hunting and fishing and the preparation and consumption of the typical subsistence diet in the Arctic not only meets nutritional needs but is a fundamental component of the peoples' spiritual and cultural life. Thus, environmental threats to the food web are of deep concern, particularly since the isolation of the Arctic area means that indigenous groups have no acceptable alternative to subsistence fishing and hunting. Both Gilman and Arctic residents challenged the environmental health scientists present to develop the tools needed to monitor exposures and effects from environmental contamination in the Arctic. A natural ConneCtiOn. A recent conference nigniighted tne need tor biomarkers of exposure to contaminants in the subsistence diets of indigenous Arctic peoples.


This paper explains fire risks in foreign invested enterprises based on Tianjin Shiqi Car Parts Ltd,Cangzhou.This paper expounds the main problems of fire risks in the foreign invested enterprises.Some suggestions are given in this paper.


The purpose of this work was to introduce the Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems using a flood source. A Tc-99m-based flood source (Eγ = 140 keV) consisting of a radiopharmaceutical solution of dithiothreitol (DTT, 10-3 M)/Tc-99m(III)-DMSA, 40 mCi/40 ml bound to the grains of an Agfa MammoRay HDR Medical X-ray film) was prepared in laboratory. The source was placed between two PMMA blocks and images were obtained by using the brain tomographic acquisition protocol (DatScan-brain). The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) was evaluated using the Iterative 2D algorithm. All imaging experiments were performed in a Siemens e-Cam gamma camera. The Normalized Noise Power spectra (NNPS) were obtained from the sagittal views of the source. The higher MTF values were obtained for the Flash Iterative 2D with 24 iterations and 20 subsets. The noise levels of the SPECT reconstructed images, in terms of the NNPS, were found to increase as the number of iterations increase. The behavior of the DQE was influenced by both MTF and NNPS. As the number of iterations was increased, higher MTF values were obtained, however with a parallel, increase of magnitude in image noise, as depicted from the NNPS results. DQE values, which were influenced by both MTF and NNPS, were found higher when the number of iterations results in resolution saturation. The method presented here is novel and easy to implement, requiring materials commonly found in clinical practice and can be useful in the quality control of SPECT scanners.


Thirteen female NCAA Division I volleyball players were given a battery of tests to assess various physical and physiological variables. Tested were body fat %, peak upper body power, arm segment lengths, vertical jump, and peak isokinetic torque of four arm motions—arm extension at the shoulder joint, arm internal rotation at the shoulder joint, forearm extension at the elbow joint, and hand flexion at the wrist joint—at three velocities (90, 180, and 270°/sec). The subjects were also assessed for maximum spiking speed (SSM) by use of a radar gun (18.1 ± 1.77 m s−1). At the p < 0.05 level only two variables were found to be significantly correlated to SSM: arm extension torque at 270°/sec (AE270) (r = 0.64) and standing reach (SR) (r = −0.58). These results suggest that for collegiate female volleyball players, shoulder extension strength at high speed is the dominant alterable physiological variable related to spiking speed.


Novel mild conditions for the CuI-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl iodides and bromides with aliphatic and aromatic thiols using amino acids as the ligand are reported.


The relationship between interfacial atomic structure and band offsets at semiconductor heterojunctions is explored through first‐principles local density functional calculations. In particular, the effects of variations in interfacial geometry are analyzed for (001) interfaces between III–V/III–V materials. For the AC/BC case of a common atom, isovalent A–B intermixing in the noncommon atomic planes near the interface does not affect the band offset, even in the case of large lattice‐mismatched systems. For quaternary AB/CD systems, there are two possible chemically abrupt interfaces (A–D or B–C); these can have offsets that differ by up to 80 meV. In those cases where the chemically abrupt AB/CD offset depends on the interfacial identity, intermixing leads to offset variations which are directly related to the offset difference between the chemically abrupt A–D and B–C interfaces. The differing behavior of common‐atom versus noncommon‐atom systems is analyzed in terms of the symmetry of the nearest‐neig...


Increasing evidence has supported the concept that many of the enzymes and factors involved in the replication of mammalian DNA function together as a multiprotein complex. We have previously reported on the partial purification of a multiprotein form of DNA polymerase from human HeLa cells shown to be fully competent to support origin‐specific large T‐antigen‐dependent simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication in vitro. In an attempt to more definitively identify the complex or complexes responsible for DNA replication in vitro, partially purified human HeLa cell protein preparations competent to replicate DNA in vitro were subjected to native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose. The Native Western blots were probed with a panel of antibodies directed against proteins believed to be required for DNA replication in vitro. Apparent complexes of 620 kDa and 500 kDa were identified by monoclonal antibodies directed against DNA polymerase α and DNA polymerase δ, respectively.


Vocational counselors are guiders, organizers and perpetrators of ideological and political work of students, have an important role in students' thinking, learning, and life. Counselors' ideological and political education, first clear roles, establish a student-centered philosophy, innovate ways.


Perception of interactional cues across gender and the consequent impact on degrees of perceived sexual harassment are examined within an evolving American organizational/institutional context. The socialization process is seen to differentiate perspectives influencing contrasting masculine and feminine perceptual parameters increasing the probability of misperception of interactional cues (to include potentially offensive/harassing behavior) across gender. The effects of allegations of sexual harassment transcend the interpersonal interactions/working relationships within the specific encounters in question facilitated by the redefinition of collective personality structures contributing to the directed redistribution of structural/organizational power.


The Brazilian government, led for two consecutive terms by the socialist Partido Trabalhadores (Worker's Party), is enabling an overwhelmingly state-funded public–private partnership (PPP) to perpetrate human rights abuses against indigenous peoples and riparian communities in its Amazon region. This article considers the human cost of facilitating an explicitly neoliberal form of economic development for the benefit of large corporations – the primary vehicle through which states grow and develop their economies. It will also show how the world's second-largest transnational mining company, Brazilian Vale SA, undermines human rights and positive state obligations in Mozambique, in exploiting the coal reserves there. The article frames this complex scenario within the business and human rights discourse, with an emphasis on the political economy of human rights violations. It first defines the role of the corporation within neoliberalism, then assesses whether international human rights law is able to prevent corporate human rights violations, or violations of the rights of specially protected indigenous citizens. This article concludes that Brazil's economic development policy and the actions of its leading transnational corporation – due to extensive allegations of human rights violations at home and abroad – are inimical to the principles of truly sustainable development.


Signal conversion and propagation in image receptors were studied employing laboratory prepared Gd/sub 2/O/sub 2/S:Tb and La/sub 2/O/sub 2/S:Tb phosphor screens. The optical signal emitted by the screens per unit of X-ray exposure was experimentally and theoretically evaluated in the mammographic energy range. Parameters related to signal propagation (light absorption, scattering, reflection, and optical pulses statistical distribution), intrinsic X-ray to light conversion efficiency, and electron signal generated by the photodetector were studied. Image receptors employing Gd/sub 2/O/sub 2/S:Tb screens produce higher optical and electron signal intensities whereas receptors with La/sub 2/O/sub 2/S:Tb screens give better optical pulse statistics, resulting in noise reduction.


In modern air warfare,independent use of strap-down inertial system(SINS),global position system(GPS) and tactical air navigation system(TACAN) has disadvantages.In this paper the airborne integrated navigation system is proposed based on these three navigation equipment.The information fusion is accomplished by using federated filtering technology,choosing the error of navigation parameter as the state vector,and constructing the mathematics model of state equation about integrated system.Each of sub-filters gains an estimation of state vector by using work method of indirect filter.Primary filter accomplishes the fusion of public state vectors about sub-filters and time updating,and outputs the credible,precise and optimal estimation of navigation parameter error.Using the output of the whole filter as means of closed loop of feeding back,correct inertial navigation parameter,dynamic calibration(reinstalling the integral initial condition of specific force equation),dynamic alignment(reinstalling the integral initial conditions of attitude matrix differential equations),dynamic demarcation are realized,so that the performance of integrated navigation is improved.The experiment results show integrated navigation system based on SINS/GPS/TACAN can gain better location accuracy.


We give a short proof of the recurrence of the two-dimensional elephant random walk in the diffusive regime. This was recently established by Shuo Qin, but our proof only uses very rough comparison with the standard plane random walk. We hope that the method can be useful for other applications.


A study of 14 phenylurea herbicides showed a close correlation (R=0.959,S=0.18 )of their aqueous solubility(lgS_w) with their molecular connectivity indexes (MCI)and octanol-water partition coefficients(lgK_(ow)), making possible the prediction of the lgS_w of phenylurea herbicides on the basis of MCI and lgK_(ow).


Objectives:To assess the inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia after Cypher~(TM) stent and Taxus~(TM) stent implantation for one year on patients with coronary artery disease. Methods:167 patients with 227 native lesions received either Cypher~(TM) stent or Taxus~(TM) stent implantation in our hospital from May 2003 to April 2007 were summarized in this study.Cypher~(TM) stent group:107 patients with 138 lesions,and Taxus~(TM) sten group:60 patients with 89 lesions.Quantitative angiography(QCA) and IVUS analysis were performed one year after the implantation. Results:The general clinical and angiographic characteristics of vessel dimension were similar in two groups.QCA showed that in-stent and in-segment late loss were less in Cypher group than that in Taxus group[(0.16±0.27) mm vs.(0.43±0.51) mm,P0.01,and(0.20±0.32) mm vs.(0.38±0.33) mm,P = 0.01,respectively].While there were not much differences for the late loss within 5 mm vessel segments immediately proximal nor distal to the stent in two groups[(0.13±0.29) mm vs.(0.15±0.32)mm,P=0.689;and(0.08±0.12) mm vs.(0.09±0.16)mm,P=0.500,respectively].IVUS analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of stent coronal section area(CSA),lumen CSA,minimal stent CSA,stent volume and lumen volume.However,in comparison of Cypher group and Taxus group,the intimal hyperplasia absolute and relative measures,manifested as intimal hyperplasia area[(0.33±0.45) mm~2 vs.(1.29±1.26) mm~2],percentage of intimal hyperplasia area[(5.42±7.33 )%vs.(17.38±13.75 )%],percentage of maximal intimal hyperplasia area [(10.13±13.85)%vs.(31.56±20.99 )%],intimasl hyperplasia volume[(2.23±6.50) mm~3 vs.(13.43±18.59) mm~3], and percentage of intimal hyperplasia volume[(1.59±4.10)%vs.(8.62±9.90)%]were much lower in Cypher group than that in Taxus group(All P0.0001). Conclusions:Implantation of the Cypher~(TM) stent was superior to the Taxus~(TM) stent for inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia,and therefore,decreasing the re-stenosis after one year of implantation.


With the development of the times, people's pursuit of personalized and unique tourism has also spawned the product of a small tourist town. The combination of the Internet and the small tourist towns is a collision of the new era, the tourism industry is actively seeking market positioning, and reshaping the competitive advantage and realizing the transformation and development in the Internet era. The article mainly studies the current situation and countermeasures of the development of small tourist towns under the background of "Internet Plus". Firstly, it introduces the status quo of the construction of small tourist towns, and then analyses the main problems in the development of the small tourist towns, and from the "Internet Plus" perspective of these problems, the corresponding solutions are proposed. It found that the Internet would become the main driving force and support for the innovation and development of tourism.


It has been documented that there are differences in disease susceptibilities between humans and non-human primates. We investigate one of these differences in fibroblasts to examine differences in cellular adhesion between humans and chimpanzees using microscopy and gene expression and have found significant differences in both datasets. These results suggest that human and chimpanzee fibroblasts may have somewhat different adhesive properties, which could play a role in differential disease phenotypes and responses to external factors.


This article discusses a renowned figure, Sayid Muhammad al-Sagoff from the al-Sagoff family lineage. The arrival of the Arab community from Hadramaut to the Malay World led to a relationship between them and the local society. Among the Arab community are the families of al-Sagoff, al-Junaid and al-Kaff who made religious, economic and administrative contributions to the local society. The purpose of this article is to study the influence Sayid Muhammad al-Sagoff had on the relations between Johore and the Ottoman sovereign. He was one of the wealthy and famous Arab merchants who inherited his family wealth and owned various businesses based in Singapore. Al-Sagoff was once appointed as Consul for the Ottoman sovereign in Singapore and was representative for the Malay population to apply for assistance from the Ottoman sovereign. Sayid Muhammad al-Sagoff also had a close relationship with Sultan Abu Bakar of Johore. The whole of this research uses a qualitative approach with method of historical study. The conclusion is that Sayid Muhammad al-Sagoff had an influence on and contributed to relations between and Johore and Ottoman Sovereign in strengthening their respective positions and influence.


E-commerce connects parties together through the information network. As one of the basic tools of electronic commerce website, shopping cart is used very widely.Combined with the user configuration function provided by.NET technology, the paper analyzes the realization of the electronic commerce system shopping cart design and key technology, introduces the realization of the function design method and skill.


This study aims to apply the region filling operations in an optimized way by using the methods of texture synthesis and carry out experimental analysis comparisons with the results obtained from those methods. The texture synthesis approaches employed in the study are "Exemplar Based Image In-painting", "Patch-Based Sampling", "Non-parametric Sampling" approaches respectively. The working methodology declared here follows four main stages. First, appropriate image data sets are selected. Then, the methodologies of texture synthesis to be utilized is determined. Afterwards, region filling operations are performed with the application of texture synthesis approaches on images. Finally, experimental results are obtained and evaluated.


Objective To investigate the expression and implication of human CD44 variant in laryngeal carcinoma.Methods Specimens from 39 cases of pathologic stageⅠto Ⅳ laryngeal carcinoma and adjacent carcinoma tissues was performed to detect the expression of cell adhesion protein CD44 variants(CD44v)in laryngeal cancer and adjacent carcinoma tissues by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results The CD44v sequence possessed 123bp with a completed open reading frame.It was predicted to be only variable splicing exon 6 existed in the flexible region.The expression of CD44v6 in laryngeal carcinoma were much higher than that in adjacent carcinoma tissues(P0.05).The third and fourth stages laryngeal carcinoma had stronger CD44v6 positive than those of the first and second stages(P0.05).The expression of CD44 protein in laryngeal carcinoma with metastatic lymph node was higher than that in laryngeal carcinoma without metastatic lymph node(P0.05).The expression of CD44v6 was positively correlated with the pathological classification(P0.05)but not correlated with T classification of laryngeal carcinoma(P0.05).Conclusion CD44v6 takes part in the genesis and development of tumor at some certain and is one of prognostic factors.Overexpression of CD44v6 is closely related to tumor invasion,tumor metastasis,and clinical stage.Detecting CD44v6 not only can predict the prognosis of patients,but also provide direct information for individualized therapy for tumor.


This paper deals with the following problem. Suppose that $({\rm P}_t)_{t\ge0}$ is a family of consistent probability measures defined on a filtration $({\cal F}_t)_{t\ge0}$. Does there exist a measure ${\rm P}$ on the $\sigma$-field $\vee_{t\ge0}{\cal F}_t$ such that ${\rm P}\,|\,{\cal F}_t={\rm P}_t$? The answer is positive for the spaces $C({\bf R}_+,{\bf R}^d)$ and~$D({\bf R}_+,{\bf R}^d)$ endowed with the natural filtration. We prove this statement using a simple method based on the {\em Prokhorov criterion} of weak compactness.


Security is a major challenge for all distributed applications; however, it imposes additional concerns and requirements when Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) is used. Therefore, addressing the security issues is critical for the success of any SOC based project. Thus when utilizing service-oriented middleware (SOM), security could be included as part of the SOM architecture. SOM is a concept that has been widely adopted in the past few years, and has been regarded as a very feasible approach to tackle the security issues in the SOC paradigm. In this paper, we cover different SOC-based projects that have adopted SOM as an integral part of the security enforcement in their projects. We then move on to identify common security requirements especially inherent to SOC and which have been implemented in the set of projects we have covered. Finally, a general security model for SOM is proposed consisting of a set of decoupled services that compose the required SOM security functions.


The Great Recession of 2007–2009 created the largest economic upheaval in the United States since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although economic downturns are a recurring phenomenon, the most recent recession was exceptional in its duration and depth. It was the longest recession since the


Uncertainty remains over the interpretation of nano-phenomena from various biological and geological environments as living organisms. A characteristic feature of nano-phenomena is their association with a variety of mineral phases. One of the most controversial issues involving nanophenomena is the existence of Nanobacterium sanguineum isolated from human and cow sera [1]. A unique trait associated with this nano-organism is the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA). The nature and formation of the HA phase(s), however, is still not well understood in this system. It is clear that HA is associated with many pathological calcifications, including kidney stones, atherosclerosis, urolithiasis, calcification in hemodialysis patients, dental plaque, and dysfunctional calcification occurring in implanted cardiovascular devices. Although our results do not confirm bacteria controlled or induced mineralization leading to formation of these mineralized nanoforms, the association of HA with serum protein suggests a biogenic origin.[2] To investigate the interaction of nanoforms with MC3T3-E1 cells and the mechanism(s) of calcification, several sets of experiments were conducted under variable cell culture conditions. Extensive variation in morphology occurs between HA in nanoforms obtained from 10% FBS/DMEM (Fig. 1a) and HA present in MC3T3-E1 cell cultures (Figs. 1b-f). Aggregates of altered nanoforms were present within a membranous organelle (Figure 1c, d). Occasionally, vacuole-like structures containing isolated crystals were observed that are likely a result of the disintegration of nanoforms. The original structure of nanoforms was not preserved either outside or inside of the cells. The distribution and concentration of mineralized structures within the cells differed extensively depending on the composition of the growth medium. The mineralized structures in the experiments conducted with nanoforms grown in EMEM show high concentrations of HA crystals within the cells. Larger well-ordered crystals, showing evidence of newly formed HA, are observed within membrane-bound regions (Fig. 1f). It is likely that the changes in size and morphology of the HA crystals are the result of the dissolution of the fine-grained HA crystals associated with the nanoforms obtained from serum (Fig. 1a) and the neoformation of distinct HA crystals observed in MC3T3-E1 cells (Fig. 1f). The mechanism of transformation and the involvement of MC3T3-E1 cells in this reaction are not understood. It may be that within the membrane-bound phagocytic compartments observed in the MC3T3-E1 cells, different regulatory controls are exerted over crystal growth that otherwise would occur extracellularly, thus resulting in the formation of large crystals. Further study may reveal the significance of these experiments for pathological calcification and bone formation. However, the approach used in this study provides a unique opportunity to understand the mechanisms of HA formation in both normal and pathological calcification. In addition, this process may eventually be used for bone tissue engineering where mineralization is desirable with synthetic bone substitutes.


The article studied and analysed the trace chlorophenol and nitrophenol in effluent by high performance liquid Chromatography-mass spectrometry. It developed a simple, fast, proper way to measure phenols in effluent. The experiment proved that the way could separate and verify the trace phenols in effluent by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.


Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a valuable systems ana lysis technique widely used in safety analysis and reliability engineering, but it is not wi hout its faults; in particular, it struggles to analyse systems in which time plays an important ro le, because fault trees use only Boolean logic and so there is no simple way of representing time or sequences of events in a fault tree. Although there have been attempts to extend FTA to enable analysis of such systems, most have focused on probabilistic analysis and there remains eed for a technique that allows logical analysis of dynamic systems. Pandora is a technique that aims to provide a solut ion to this problem. It is based around three logical gates capable of representing sequences: th e Priority-AND (PAND) gate, the Simultaneous-AND gate (SAND), and the Priority-OR g ate (POR). These three "temporal" gates are more expressive, allowing analysts to mod el sequences as part of a fault tree and thus enabling fault trees to analyse more complex dynami c systems. In addition, Pandora provides a set of logical rule s that can be used to reduce fault trees incorporating the three new gates in much the same way that existing Boolean laws can be used to reduce ordinary fault trees. This makes it possi ble to perform logical analysis of fault trees using Pandora, the results of which provide the ana lyst with information about the weak points of the system by showing what combinations or seque nces of event can cause the system to fail. This thesis presents the evolution of Pandora thus far, explaining the background that led to its inception and the choices made during its developme nt as well as detailed explanations of how Pandora is applied. Pandora has been created with p ossible automation in mind, so there is also a description of some preliminary algorithms that s upport Pandora-based FTA. Pandora is then applied to a case study to demonstrate how it can f unction in practice. Finally, the success of Pandora is evaluated by contrasting it with other t emporal FTA approaches as well as standard non-dynamic analysis and from this conclusions abou t the potential benefits of using Pandora are drawn.


On the basis of joint decisions of the problem of heat conduction and thermoelasticity obtained temperature field and thermal stress in which the zones where the nanostructures are formed. For a large number of different ions and charge rules 1 to 3 were obtained according to the volume of the nanostructure, and the depth range, which are implemented by the nanostructure ion energy and charge, determined the effective current density.


STRIVING FORCE OF HIGH ACHIEVING STUDENT WITH NECESSITOUS
CONDITION
Isnaya Arina Hidayati2
Master of Psychology Post-Graduate School
ABSTRACT
This study aims to explore and explain the dynamics of the striving force namely, the
supporting and inhibiting factors of high achieving students striving force with
necessitous condition. The informant characteristics of this study are high achieving
students with necessitous condition (students who are needy with the broken home family
and experiencing violence from their family) who attend junior and senior high school
and college students. There are 3 informants and 9 informants complementary, with
interview method. The results of this study are; 1) The Informant controlled difficult
situations with a positive response. It is embodied by informant through self-acceptance
ignorance of inferiority feeling with a good attitude. A good self-regulation being their
way to limit difficult situation so that doesn't affect on educational dimension. It is
compensated through study hard to improve achievement. Behavioral resilience or ability
to get up and fix problems. The informants show their self-awareness of the importance
of achieving their future. Gratitude and acceptance of the situation make informants
increasingly resilient to rise from adversity to achieve a better life. There is a relational
efficacy aspect come from interaction between mother and informants. 2) Supporting
factor is derived from internal factors such as the competitiveness, coping behavior and
the ability of improvement (resilience), visionary and strong internal motivation, selfawareness
and the ability to think positively with gratitude. While external factors mostly
come from social support of family, other students and community. 3) Inhibiting factors
namely are the problem of emotion-regulation such as less stable emotional state,
poverty, dysfunction of families role and the problem of Fatherless families. It is
concluded that high achieving students with necessitous condition indeed compensate
their condition with good striving force to face difficult situations. Education either in the
family area, school and social environment should actively take role in shaping the
quality of the next generation by supplying striving force since early stage, so that
mentally tough in dealing with various problems of life in the future.


This research is carried out to investigate the use of animation in the field of education. The constructivist theory and related concepts that influence the use of animation have also been discussed besides exploring the importance of Education Technology of which animation is a key component. This research investigates the effects of using animation to help students understand the novel "The Curse" besides determining the students' perception on using animation in the teaching and learning of the novel. This research used qualitative methodology such as observation, reflection, interview and feedback to meet the objectives of this research. The results of the research indicated that animation managed to assist the participants in understanding the novel and encouraged the participants to participate actively in the teaching and learning activities related to the novel. Additionally animation also encouraged the participants to read the novel and other related materials to the novel itself. The participants of this research also believed that the use of animation should be encouraged in the teaching and learning process of learning literature.


The author describes the principal demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of one-parent families in Quebec. Characteristics examined include age, sex, marital status, educational level, economic activity, and income of the household head. Data are primarily from the 1956, 1966, and 1976 censuses


1) Muna teakwood, especially from old stands, has been popular as raw material for timber industries in Indonesia for the past ten decades. Due to the scarcity of this wood, superior-grown seedlings of Muna teakwood have been developed and widely planted. Since there is no information on its characteristics, therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate wood characteristics of the 8-year-old superior-grown teak from Muna Island to ensure their proper utilization as raw material for wooden furniture. Wood discs and boards from basal area of three different trees were used as the samples. Macroscopic and microscopic anatomical characteristics were observed following the IAWA's list, while their physicalmechanical properties were measured following British Standard 373-57. Results showed that anatomical characteristics of this wood sample are similar to regular teakwood, but its heartwood portion is higher. Differences among trees are found in regards to wood texture, growth ring width, as well as early and latewood portion. The green moisture content was lower than that of fast-growing teak of a similar age. The wood is more stable than the old teakwood, but its specific gravity is lower. In general, mechanical properties of this wood were higher than those of the regular fast-growing teakwood, but lower than the old one. Based on its specific gravity, this superior Muna teakwood was categorized as a Strength Class of III. The wood is suitable enough for wooden furniture manufacturing.


7‐Deoxyloganic acid (1), citrusin C (2), 3,4‐dihydroxyl benzoic acid (3) and (E)‐caffeic acid (4) were isolated from the water‐soluble fraction of ethanol extracts of Morina nepalensis var. alba Hand.‐Mazz. and their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The total assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 1 in solvents CD3OD, D2O and CDCl3 were reported, in addition to the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of its tetraacetate 1a. All compounds were obtained from Morina genus for the first time. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this article, an attempt is made to develop a thermal and an electrical model for an integrated solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) water collector equipped with a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). For this purpose, initially a detailed energy balance is carried out to model the thermal behavior of the system and find analytical expressions and water temperatures. Secondly, the electrical model including parameters such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum power point voltage, and maximum power point current for module affected by the outputs of thermal model is developed. A computer simulation is also developed to carry out numerical computations, etc. based on climatic and design parameters of an experimental research presented by previous researchers. The results of simulation are in good agreement with their experimental measurements. Finally, parametric studies are done to find the effects of some parameters on the electrical and thermal efficiencies.


There are many factors that affect the quality of the display image, such as luminance, colorfulness, contrast, resolution, naturalness, gradation and so on. However, these factors are closely related to each other. It is difficult to consider the weight of these factors for the image quality respectively. On the basis of the research published literatures, four independent parameters and gamma characteristics are summarized, and JND analysis is carried out respectively. The experiment and analysis method of the influence of each parameter on the quality weight of the display image are discussed, and the preliminary test results are summarized.


This paper makes a contribution to the still relatively undeveloped literature on the sociology of counselling, using a detailed case study of one organisation. Styles of intervention are explored in the work of the National Marriage Guidance Council/Relate. The paper rejects a simple linear development model based on transitions from 'guidance', to 'counselling' to 'therapy' Influences deriving from Rogerian models of counselling, from psychodynamic and behavioural theory are explored and are placed in the context of wider organisational factors. Attention is given to the varying fortunes of the medical model within Marriage Guidance. The paper concludes with an examination of the contradictions thrown up by recent attempts to develop an eclectic model of marital counselling, which appear to founder on the absence of any clearly defined goals for intervention.


We investigate how a mobile app store's ranking policy affects app quality and welfare by means of a game-theoretic model with a monopoly app store and two competing app developers. The app store can either list apps according to their quality (quality-based ranking), or sell the first position in an auction (sponsored ranking). App developers differ in their efficiency to produce quality apps. We show that a quality-based ranking yields an unambiguously higher expected app quality and consumer surplus only if the app store can accurately assess the quality of apps, and if developers are relatively similar in their efficiency.


This paper studies a competitive market model for trading indivisible commodities. Commodities can be desirable or undesirable. Agents' preferences depend on the bundle of commodities and the quantity of money they hold. We assume that agents have quasi-linear utilities in money. Using the max-convolution approach, we demonstrate that the market has a Walrasian equilibrium if and only if the potential market value function is concave with respect to the total initial endowment of commodities. We then identify sufficient conditions on each individual agent's behavior. In particular, we introduce a class of new utility functions, called the class of max-convolution concavity preservable utility functions. This class of utility functions covers both the class of functions which satisfy the gross substitutes condition of Kelso and Crawford (1982), or the single improvement condition, or the no complementarities condition of Gul and Stacchetti (1999), and the class of discrete concave functions of Murota and Shioura (1999).


The invention belongs to tube-welding production line machine unit equipment, and more particularly relates to an equal rigid frame of a tube-welding machine unit. The equal rigid frame comprises a base, a frame and a transmission device for driving a roller, and is characterized in that the base is provided with more than three equal rigid frames, and each equal rigid frame comprises the stander,an upper horizontal roll mechanism, an upper horizontal roll adjusting mechanism, a sliding seat, a support plate, a hydraulic cylinder, a lower horizontal roll mechanism, a lower horizontal roll adjusting mechanism, a side vertical roll mechanism and a side vertical roll adjusting mechanism. The equal rigid frame of the welding tube machine unit has reasonable design and compact structure, adopts the way of side direction pushing out to realize the automation of roll replacing operation, leads the standers to be evenly stressed, and has the advantages of being low in labor intensity and rapid in replacement of the roll, saving the time for replacing the roll, improving the production efficiency, being convenient for installation, manufacturing and maintenance, low in cost, safe in operation and very convenient for use, etc.


The function of economic analysis is:First it is helpful in recognizes the case fact basis;Secondly it may provide a reference standard for judge.This kind of function has strong feasibility and feasibility,it is a professional need as a judge to grasp certain economic analysis.


While Jianyu pattern in Chinese is one of the clause patterns with distinctive structures,SVOC clause in English belongs to the category of basic clause patterns.When the similarities and differences between them are investigated from the perspective of grammatical construction,the findings are as follows: in structure,the two constructions come down to one unified form of "S + V + O + follow-up component".In semantics,Jianyu construction is of homograph,while SVOC is polysemantic.Both have the same prototypical construction with causative-V,and their semantic features are the result of different development degrees and orientation of the prototypical constructions.


The discovery of the Higgs particle is demanding a detailed knowledge of the properties of this fundamental component of the Standard Model. From the available data however, it cannot be concluded yet that we have found the SM Higgs boson and not one of the scalars postulated within the possible extensions of the SM. It is shown that a Higgs factory through a muon collider is particularly appropriate for precision studies of the properties of this particle. However sizable QED radiative effects — of order of 50% — must be carefully taken into account for a precise measurement of the leptonic and total widths of the Higgs particle. The results presented here are mainly based on a recent work in collaboration of Tao Han and Zhen Liu.


Trajectory similarity measure is an important issue for analyzing the behavior of moving objects. In this paper, a similarity measure method for network constrained trajectories is proposed. It considers spatial and temporal features simultaneously in calculating spatio-temporal distance. The crossing points of network and semantic information of trajectory are used to extract the characteristic points for trajectory partition. Experiment results show that the storage space is decreased after trajectory partition and the similarity measure method is valid and efficient for trajectory clustering.


This paper was presented at the NAV '90 conference and was first published in the Journal in 1991 (Vol. 44, p. 25). It is followed by comments from Christopher Querée. The future shakeout and consolidation of vehicle navigation technologies and systems approaches will occur primarily in the vehicle location, mobile data communications, and man/machine interface areas. Digital maps will not be directly affected because, although there is still a dearth of formal standards, there is already a high degree of uniformity among approaches being pursued in all parts of the world.


The Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993 is already having a major impact on the tax planning of individual tax payers as well as on the design of company sponsored qualified and nonqualified retirement plans. This article reviews recent developments in the design, reporting, and securing of deferred compensation plans.


This paper introduces the conception and features of architectural typology as well as its essence and design method. Combined with practical work some creations in typology design are summarized.


This paper reports studies of the reactions of fluorine atoms and several aromatic and heterocyclic molecules. As in earlier work we have used the method of crossed molecular beams to create long‐lived reaction intermediates and to deduce from the angular distribution of the product molecules information about the energy distribution in the reaction complex. The data reported in this paper complement those collected earlier. They show that when a light group is emitted from a reaction complex randomization of the internal energy of the complex is not more rapid than reaction. When a heavy atom is emitted from the reaction complex the limited data available indicate that almost all vibrational degrees of freedom of the complex participate in the reaction. This latter observation provides an interesting connection between vibration‐translation energy exchange and the mechanism of chemical reaction.


This paper proposes a new method for image segmentation is hybrid multilevel thresholding and improved harmony search algorithm. Improved harmony search algorithm which is a method for finding vector solutions by increasing its accuracy. The proposed method looks for a random candidate solution, then its quality is evaluated through the Otsu objective function. Furthermore, the operator continues to evolve the solution candidate circuit until the optimal solution is found. The dataset used in this study is the retina dataset, tongue, lenna, baboon, and cameraman. The experimental results show that this method produces the high performance as seen from peak signal-to-noise ratio analysis (PNSR). The PNSR result for retinal image averaged 40.342 dB while for the average tongue image 35.340 dB. For lenna, baboon and cameramen produce an average of 33.781 dB, 33.499 dB, and 34.869 dB. Furthermore, the process of object recognition and identification is expected to use this method to produce a high degree of accuracy.


Abstract Based on two different criteria, namely the engine working conditions and the driver's intention, the governing parameters in decision making for gear shifting of an automated manual transmission are discussed. The gear-shifting strategy was designed by taking into consideration the effects of these parameters, with the application of a fuzzy control method. The controller structure is formed in two layers. In the first layer, two fuzzy inference modules are used to determine the necessary outputs. In the second layer a fuzzy inference module makes the decision of shifting by upshift, downshift, or maintain commands. The behaviour of the fuzzy controller is examined by making use of ADVISOR software. It is shown that at different driving conditions the controllers make correct decisions for gear shifting accounting for the dynamic requirements of the vehicle. It is also shown that the controller based on both the engine state and the driver's intention eliminates unnecessary shiftings that are present when the intention is overlooked. A microtrip is designed in which a required speed in the form of a step function is demanded for the vehicle on level or sloping roads. Both strategies for the vehicle to reach the maximum speed starting from rest allow the gear shift to be made consecutively. Considerable differences are observed between the two strategies in the deceleration phase. The engine-state strategy is less sensitive to downshift, taking even unnecessary upshift decisions. The state intention strategy, however, interprets the driver's intention correctly for decreasing speed and utilizes engine brake torque to reduce the vehicle speed in a shorter time.


Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are benign masses and they represent less than 0.01% of all cysts of the oral cavity and neck. In this article we present two cases of large epidermoid cysts with a submental localization in an 20 and 22 year old men. Submental location was rare comparing with sublingual region. The cysts had no relationship with floor of mouth and were dissected with blunt dissection by submental neck approach. No recurrence was noticed. Epidermoid cysts are rare in head and neck region and ought to be borne in mind during the differential diagnosis of midline large neck cystic masses.


Planting characters in children is a personality adjustment process that needs to consider a variety of basic principles of growth. The adjustment mechanism is basically a part of educational efforts undertaken by the family, school, and community, and lasts a lifetime. One of the values that can serve as a foothold character development of children is the virtue of a region that is already entrenched as a cultural system, which is then referred to as local wisdom. GUSJIGANG philosophy is the social capital of the Kudus has strong social ties, with Sunan Kudus as characters. 18 value national character into a value philosophy gusjigang namely: (1) religious, (2) honest, (3) tolerance, (4) discipline, (5) hard work, (6) a creative, (7) independent, (8) democratic, (9) curiosity, (10) the national spirit, (11) love of the homeland, (12) the achievements, (13) friends / communicative, (14) love peace, (15) likes to read, (16) care for the environment, (17) social care, and (18) of responsibility. This research uses methods of design research with step analysis, design, evaluation and revision is a cyclical process that ended in an ideal balance of theory with practice. The results in this study is a guide to guidance and counseling gusjigang value-based primary school which has been validated by experts of guidance and counseling.


Studies of the adsorption of O2 and CO on different faces of single crystal Ni held at T≂6 K are reported which provide direct evidence for a precursor adsorption preceding chemisorption. Values of the work function were obtained using the field‐emission retarding potential method as Ni surfaces held at 6 K were exposed to O2 and CO and, subsequently, as the gas covered surfaces were annealed. Comparison with results for chemisorbed surfaces formed by gas exposure at 77 K indicates stabilized precursor adsorption phases at 6 K for O/Ni(111), O/Ni(100), and CO/Ni(111). Starting at temperatures on the order of 20 K, these convert at appreciable rates to the usual chemisorption phases. Analysis of the temperature and time dependence of the reaction rates indicates activation energies EA of approximately 13, 6, and 4 meV for O/Ni(111), O/Ni(100), and CO/Ni(111), respectively. Precursor adsorption was not observed for CO/Ni(100). Presumably the activation energy, if it exists, is too small for effective stabil...


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing silicon oxide powder based on thermal plasma and the silicon oxide powder manufactured by the same are provided to improve the efficiency of operational processes by using plasma of high temperatures. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing silicon oxide powder using thermal plasma includes the following: pellet based on the mixed powder of silicon and silicon dioxide or silicon dioxide powder is molten and vaporized; reaction gas is injected into a thermal plasma device to reduce silicon dioxide from the vaporized gas into silicon oxide(SiO_x). In silicon oxide, x is between 0.5 and 1.5. The reduced silicon oxide is collected into silicon oxide powder. The thermal plasma generating gas is one selected from argon, nitrogen, and the mixed gas of argon and nitrogen.


Outliers, or discordant observations, can have a strong effect on the model building process for a given time series. First, outliers introduce bias in the model parameter estimates, and then, distort the power of statistical tests based on biased estimates. Second, outliers may increase the confidence intervals for the model parameters. Third, as a consequence of the previous points, outliers strongly influence predictions. There are two main alternatives to analyze and treat outliers in time series. First, robust procedures can be applied to obtain parameter estimates not affected by the presence of outliers. These robust estimates are then used to identify outliers by using the residuals of the fit. Second, diagnostic methods are useful to detect the presence of outliers by analyzing the residuals of the model fit through iterative testing procedures. Once the outliers have been found, their effects are jointly estimated with the model parameters, obtaining, as a by-product, robust model parameter estimates. In this paper we focus on diagnostic methods and refer to Chap. 8 of Maronna et al. (2006) for a detailed review of robust procedures for ARMA models and Muler and Yohai (2008) and Muler et al. (2009) for two recent references. For linear models, Fox (1972) introduced additive outliers (AO), which affect a single observation, and innovative outliers (IO), which affect a single innovation, and proposed the use of likelihood ratio test statistics for testing for outliers in autoregressive models. Tsay (1986) proposed an iterative procedure to identify outliers, to remove their effects, and to specify a tentative model for the underlying process. Chang et al. (1988) derived likelihood ratio criteria for testing the existence of outliers of both types and criteria for distinguishing between them and proposed


American penal policy has for years been forced to choose between two extremes, the harshness of imprisonment and the leniency of probation. A vast gulf separates these two forms of punishment, with little in between. In recent years frustration with these extremes has led many to search for something to fill the vacuum-intermediate punishments that would contribute to a greater range of sanctions and facilitate a more rational sentencing system.' One such alternative is community


In this paper the development of unstructured grid discretization approach is presented. The objective of this study is to better establish the effects of mesh generation techniques and grid convergence on velocity fields and particle deposition patterns to determine the optimal aerodynamic characteristics. In order to achieve this objective, cell-centred and vertex-centred approaches are employed and compared with experimental data. The cell-centred approach result indicates that the aerodynamic characteristic was captured faster in the stall condition, although with a different trend after the stall condition compared with the experimental data. The vertex-centred approach result indicates that the aerodynamic characteristic trend captured is comparable to the experimental data. From the model an advance study can also be achieved for this vertex-centred discretization approach with discrete vertex variables in several important areas.


To develop equipment for cutting the crust and crushing the pulp of the melon, you need to know the linear dimensions of it. The article presents the geometric characteristics of melons of the variety "Mirzachulchkaya" and melons of the variety "Kolkhoznitsa". The knowledgeabout the linear dimensions of melon fruits is important for the development of equipment for cutting the peel, cutting, and grinding (wiping) the pulp. The justification of rational modes of mechanized processing is carried out considering the classification of melon fruits. The parameters of cutting tools are investigated. The optimization has been carried out to obtain optimal parameters at which the machine will clean melons efficiently, without damaging or reducing the pulp layer.


This review looks at potential developments in medical devices which may be based upon nanofeaturing implant and tissue engineering scaffolds, and describes the basic science upon which such expectations are based.


Teachers' authority relies partly on the mastery of substance but that is not enough if the purpose is to enhance students' overall growth, self-knowledge and well-being. In today's schools, a variety of new phenomena (e.g., multiculturalism, exclusion, etc.) challenges teachers' work. In this article, we will discuss the concept of love-based leadership in the light of teachers' work and as a combination of love and authority. The fundamental aim is to provide education activities that increase students' sense of meaning and fulfillment, in other words, happiness. The success of the Finnish education is greatly dependent on teachers, and, therefore, the purpose is to contemplate how students could be provided with experiences of success by employing love-based leadership at school.


This article suggests that accepted interpretations of variability in nonlithic material culture are insufficient. Recent ethnographic fieldwork in Kenya and Zambia and anthropological studies of societies in Sudan and Nigeria demonstrate that culture may be used by groups to communicate within-group corporateness in reference to outsiders. The greater the competition between groups for resources, the greater the likelihood that material culture will play a part in the maintenance of internal cohesion. Distinctive types of distributions and associations of artifacts occur as strains develop between spatially or hierarchically defined groups. The relevance of this view to archaeology is shown by two examples. Finally, it is suggested that this type of approach will allow a better understanding of the underlying causes of social and cultural change.


It is well known that when a wireless power transfer system bifurcates, the maximum power transfer capability reduces significantly. This research proposes a dynamic zero voltage switching (ZVS) controller to track the middle ZVS operation curve so as to maintain the peak power potential the system can deliver. A prototype wireless power transfer system has been developed, and it has found that the system can deliver 10 W power required to drive an implantable heart pump with a reduced input voltage, increased coil separation and improved end-to-end power efficiency.


1. A method for providing a high-performance service scheduling via a wireless communication network, comprising the steps of: receiving a first message at a server from a wireless device indicating that the first wireless device is ready to transmit the user communication data to the server, the first wireless device has at least a state of paging, wherein the first wireless device may interact with the server, and the transmission state wherein the first wireless device can transmit user communication data to the server through a first access channel, wherein the first wireless device is in state of the paging when the first message is received by the server; ! transmitting a second message from the server to the wireless first device, wherein the second message instructs the first wireless device to transition from the paging state to the transmission state; ! receiving a third message from the first wireless device at the server indicating the first wireless device is ready to transmit the user communication data to the server through a first access channel; and! receiving user data from the first wireless communication device. ! 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:.:! receiving a measurement of a first wireless device at the server indicating an amount of user data communications; and! transmitting a message from the server configuration for the first wireless device that gives a command to the wireless device to transmit user data is configured


Initial laboratory data for six immunological (WBC, TC#, BC#, T4#, T8#, T4/ T8) and seven metabolic variables (uric acid, BUN, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, SGOT, alk. phos.) were obtained from the San Francisco Men's Health Study data base for 130 homosexual/bisexual men. Within the following 24 months, 29 HIV Ab( -) asymptomatics and 29 HIV Ab( +) asymptomatics did not develop symptoms. Thirty HIV Ab(+) ARC patients did not develop AIDS, and 42 HIV Ab(+) ARC patients progressed to AIDS.


In this paper, we present what is Behavioral Testing, the motivation in Behavioral Testing and how to perform Behavioral Testing. A new BTPG approach for circuits described according to a behavioral point of view in a procedural way is detailed. By using an internal modeling allowing the main features of behavioral descriptions to be highlighted, our approach is independent from a particular HDL used to describe the circuit behavior. Furthermore our approach is also general enough to deal with any abstraction level. The approach we propose to generate test patterns consists into two steps: the first one is to define a resolution approach by identifying and solving the basic problems setting up by the behavioral generation without any optimization criteria. The second step is to study how the previous resolution approach can be performed by a technique allowing the generation system to be flexible and evolutive in order to introduce optimization criteria. By such an approach, we avoid the detrimental a priori determination of a single search strategy. Such an approach has led to the development of BETEGE, a behavioral test generation system for procedural descriptions.


Quantum networks provide a platform for astronomical interferometers capable of imaging faint stellar objects. In a recent work [E. T. Khabiboulline et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 070504 (2019)], we presented a protocol that circumvents transmission losses with efficient use of quantum resources and modest quantum memories. Here we analyze a number of extensions to that scheme. We show that it can be operated as a truly broadband interferometer and generalized to multiple sites in the array. We also analyze how imaging based on the quantum Fourier transform provides improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to classical processing. Finally, we discuss physical realizations including photon-detection-based quantum state transfer.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of competitiveness, strategic direction (SD), and competencies on the level of globalization and technology development in Thai firms from the executive perspective.Design/methodology/approach – A pilot survey of 64 respondents in executive MBA programs was employed to identify the strategic factors that influence globalization and technology development.Findings – The analysis specified important factors linked to SD, strategic management competencies, and global actions related to globalization performance and technology development. To achieve a better global performance and business development, Thai companies should adopt global standards, select potential international partners, use cross‐national projects, and focus more on the level of globalization of their operations. Top managers in strategy or business operations in high‐performing firms perceive a significantly higher globalization performance and technology development.Research...


This review summarizes the recent advances on the redox reactions involving alpha-functionalized aldehydes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes. In the presence of N-heterocyclic carbene, alpha-functionalized aldehydes such as alpha-haloaldehydes, alpha-ring-fused aldehydes, alpha-aryloxyacetaldehydes and alpha-aroyloxyaldehydes undergo the redox reactions affording novel reaction types.


Temperate mountain glaciers have specific peculiarities which make the interpretation of radio-echo sounding data much more difficult than for polar ice sheets. On the A or Z indicators one can observe a plurality of pulses differing in shape, amplitude, and range. Often a gap is observed on the film. The problem is to select the pulses from the bed or internal reflecting horizon and to reconstruct the subglacial relief or internal interface. During preliminary processing, the radio-coordinates of all marks on a type A radiogram are written into a table. Then non-informative marks are eliminated and informative marks are situated on a continuous line or trace. We put into practice three methods of interpretation: (1) an envelope method, (2) Harrison's transformation method, (3) approximation of segments of a trace by straight lines. Harrison's transformation method is the most general one; the others are useful for the presentation of results in a graphical form. The suggested methods are used for the interpretation of the data from a transverse profile of the valley glacier Lednik Bezengiy, Caucasus, 1970-71. Radar RW-10 with a carrier frequency of 440 MHz and overall receiver sensitivity relative to the transmitter pulse power 130 dB was used. It was revealed that the transparency of the glacier changes from year to year. The maximum ice thickness measured was 33°±15 m. Some extended interfaces in the body of the glacier were discovered. One of them, 80 m deep, coincides with seismic contrast interface and with the 0° C isotherm. Radio-echo sounding data are in agreement with gravity measurements on the same profile.


A transferosome is the first generation of an elastic liposome prepared from phospholipids and edge activators. An edge activator is often a single-chain surfactant with a high radius of curvature that destabilizes the lipid bilayers of vesicles and increases the deformability of the bilayers, thereby making the vehicle ultra-deformable. Losartan potassium is an orally active angiotensin-II receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension due to mainly blockade of AT1 receptor. It is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetonitrile, and soluble in isopropyl alcohol. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of transfersomal gel formulations for transdermal delivery of losartan potassium by reverse phase evaporation method. Characterization of transfersomes gel performed by vesicle size, pH measurements,  drug content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug diffusion study, spreadability and stability study. In the formulations pH is found to be around 6.8 to 6.9, pH is found in the range of 6 which is compatible with skin. In the formulations spreadability is found to be around 6.75 to 10.11 g m cm/sec. The prepared gel containing losartan potassium-loaded transfersomal formulation was optimized and can be use for topical preparation. The results were obtained which showed that transfersomal gel was a promising candidate for transdermal delivery with targeted and prolonged release of a drug. It also enhances skin permeation of many drugs.
Keywords: Transferosome gel, Losartan potassium, Antihypertensives, Reverse phase evaporation method