Anatomische untersuchungen an Calyptostomiden (acari, trombidiformes). - In mites of the species Calyptostoma velutinus (Muller, 1776), ventriculus and ceca are composed of only one type of epithelium cells. The excretory organ is branched out and goes parallel to the ceca. A communication between ventriculus and excretory organ could not be proved. - One tubular and four acinous glands discharge into the podocephalic canal. The tubular gland consists of sacculus and tubulus. The podocephalic canals of both sides join. A tracheal gland is absent. - The lobed testicles communicate by a median lobe. A germinal stratum can be distinguished from a glandular part. The cavity of the testicular lobes serves as a reservoir for sperms and three types of secretions. There are no accessory glands or organs apart from two pairs of genital succers which are found in the progenital chamber. - In the female, similar genital succers are present. There was found an organ which is supposed to secrete fatty material. The eggs are produced following the nutritious type in an unpaired ovary.


State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China, email@example.com Institute of Geology, Chinese Geological Academy, Beijing 100037, China Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 27605, China


The invention discloses a DDR physical layer and a data processing method and device therefor. The method includes: receiving a selection signal; if the received selection signal is a first selection signal, generating a first enable control signal according to the first selection signal; if the received selected signal is a second selection signal, generating a second enable control signal according to the second selection signal; controlling a data signal, entering a DDR physical layer transport channel, to engage in unidirectional transport according to the first enable control signal; controlling the data signal, entering the DDR physical layer transport channel, to engage in bidirectional transport according to the second enable control signal. According to the method, one selection signal is received, the enable control signal is generated according to the selection signal and used to control the data signal, entering the physical layer, to transport in different ways, and accordingly the existing physical layer can be used to transport the data signal when new memory devices are added.


ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERSSZOLNOK, HUNGARY-- In what may be the worst case of water pollution in eastern and central Europe ever, last month a cyanide spill from a gold-extraction operation in northwestern Romania blighted a major Hungarian river that filters into the Danube delta at the Black Sea. Scientists across Europe are now assessing the damage and planning how to speed the river's revival, and officials are scrambling to come up with ways to prevent further cyanide releases from gold mines in the region and to identify and mitigate similar hot spots in the Danube River Basin.


Biography Behzad Sadrfaridpour received his BSc and MSc degree in mechanical engineering from Tabriz university, Tabriz, Iran, and, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran, in 2008 and 2011, respectively. He joined the Interdisciplinary & Intelligence Research (IR) lab as a Ph.D. student in 2013. His research interests include human-robot interaction, manufacturing automation, dynamic systems and control, and manipulation and motion planning.


Computation of riverbed scour at the 482,000-plus bridges over water in the United States of America requires a significant level of hydraulic engineering effort. To do cost-effective, quality work, the engineer needs to know the sensitivity of each variable in the scour equations. The results of an informal sensitivity analysis of the scour equations contained in the Second Edition of the Federal Highway Administration's Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18 are presented. The contraction, abutment and pier scour equations were analyzed to determine the sensitivity of the variables in the equations. A discussion of the results is also presented.


An important criterion for correctness of embedded software is stack safety, which requires that the stack must never overflow. This paper presents a static analysis for assembly code that determines upper and lower bounds of the stack. These bounds serve two purposes. First, they can be used to verify stack safety. Second, they can be used to increase the precision of several other static analyses, which are used in the context of model checking. Interrupts play an important role in embedded software, but they are a major challenge for the static analysis of stack bounds. In different micro--controller architectures, the handling of interrupts varies. In some architectures, interrupt handlers are executed atomically, while in others, they are interruptible. Therefore, we applied this analysis to two different microcontrollers, namely the ATMEL ATmega16 and the Intel MCS-51. In a case study, we show the applicability and efficiency of this analysis.


On the other hand, the "responders clinical+echo" had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (50%) or ischemic heart disease without previous revascularization or necrosis (50%). Conclusions: The presence of diabetes mellitus type II and ischemic heart disease complicated by prior necrosis (especially posterior–lateral) is associated with lack of echo parameters and clinical status improvement by CRT. It is well possible that the only echocardiographic initial improvement may subsequently lead to better survival. Further studies are needed.


Introduction: Many paediatric emergency departments face a significant proportion of non-urgent attendances, leading to problems for both patients and healthcare systems. Our primary aim was to compare the effectiveness of pamphlet versus video in educating caregivers regarding fever management in children. Our secondary aim was to assess caregivers' sentiments towards these methods. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 50 participants over a four-week period (May–June 2015) in the KK Hospital Paediatric Emergency Department. The control group was exposed to the standard pamphlet available in the KK Hospital Paediatric Emergency Department, which provided basic information on fever management. The intervention group watched a video produced by our team, containing similar content. The same five-question questionnaire assessing fever management knowledge was issued to participants before and immediately following exposure to intervention. Results: The pamphlet group had a mean pre-intervention score=2.8 (out of five), post-intervention score=3.84, amounting to an improvement of 1.04. The video group had a mean pre-intervention score=2.56, post-intervention score=4.12, giving an improvement of 1.36. The study was powered at 80%, with calculated p-value=0.111, hence the results were statistically insignificant. Both groups had increased self-reported awareness post-exposure, found the intervention useful, would rely on it for future management and would recommend it to others. Conclusion: While the sample size was limited, this study demonstrates the potential that both pamphlet and video interventions have in educating caregivers, as participants reported favourable sentiments towards the methods. It would be worthwhile to conduct the study on a larger scale to yield statistically significant results.


Studies have been conducted on the diabetogenic effectiveness of growth hormone in 50% partially pancreatectomized dogs and of cortisone in rabbits, which received tolbutamide prior to and during hormone administration. The degree of diabetes which was observed in each species was similar to that found in animals receiving hormones alone. Furthermore, the degree of B cell destruction was similar in clogs treated with growth hormone alone to that observed in those who received both the sulfonylureas and the growth hormone. This destruction of B cells has been interpreted to be a response to hyperglycemia through some unknown mechanism, but not due to functional stimulation of the B cells. This viewpoint was supported by the fact that chronic stimulation of the B cells by the sulfa drugs causes degranulation and enlargement of nuclei and Golgi apparatus but no other changes. Furthermore, pretreatment with sulfonylurea drugs did not measurably alter the pancreatic morphologic response of the rabbits or dogs ...


Introduction: There is no universally accepted definition for the term "mental health". There are two groups of people, those who have some kind of psychopathology and considered to be of poor mental health and those who are free of psychopathology and are considered as normal and good mental health. The global prevalence of bipolar disorder is 3% -5%, of depression is 8% to 12% and of schizophrenia is between 0.3% and 2%, with an average of 0.7-1%.
Aim: The aim of this study was the epidemiological surveillance of the mental disorders of patients presenting to the mental health center of the Psychiatric Department of Panarkadian General Hospital Tripoli.
Methodology: This is an epidemiological study. Data collection included the data from the medical records of patients of the last 3 years (2013-2015). The study included all patients who were over 18 years old and had completed all their health records. The disease coding was done according to the ICD-10. The statistical analysis was done with the statistical program SPSS Statistics v.21.
Results: The study sample consisted of 314 patients. The primary diagnoses for which patients were recurrent depressive episodes (20.7%), schizophrenia (18.2%); depressive episode (16.3%); obsessive-compulsive disorder (16.3%) and bipolar affective disorder (7%). Overall, 87 (33.2%) patients improved, 127 (48.5%) remained in stable condition and 41 (15.6%) worsened. Patients with schizophrenia were statistical significantly more men (p <0.05); foreigners (p<0.05) and unmarried (p<0.05). Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly older (p <0.05).
Conclusions: It is suggested the creation of electronic medical records of patients with the total recording of history and all patient data from which will be held future epidemiological studies.


This paper investigates the electromagnetic forces acting on the stator end windings, by using the stator end windings structure of a 600 MW large-capacity turbo-generator as the analysis object. F...


Software Control Experimental Setup Due to the spectral properties and the high emission power, Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) are nowadays a powerful source for mid-infrared radiation. QCLs are available in various modifications concerning the laser type. Distributed Feedback-QCLs (DFB-QCLs) are ideally suited for spectroscopy of gases as they offer mode-hop free emission. However, they can be tuned over a few wavenumbers only. In contrast, External Cavity-QCLs (EC-QCLs) are optimized for a tuning range of over several hundred wavenumbers and are therefore well suited for liquid phase spectroscopy (broad absorption bands). For application to aqueous solutions the high-power QCLs permit the use of considerable pathlengths (up to 200 μm) despite the strong water absorption in the carbohydrate region (around 1000 cm-1).


Herein the flow past a submerged circular cylinder with a free surface is mapped onto a reference plane, in which the free surface is transformed to a straight line and the cylinder to a certain shape. A global mapping function between two planes is sought in a manner that linear free-surface elevation is generated in the physical plane. Hereby the Froude mumber , based on the submergence depth h', is assumed to be of order 0(1) and the ratio a'/h'(a'=cylinder radius) of order o(1). Wave thus obtained are slightly different in magnitude and phase from usual linear solution. The resulting free wave starts advanced ahead compared to the classical result and its amount depends on Froude number. Based on the present concept wave forces are calculated. In this type of approach the body boundary condition gives more influence on wave resistance than that by the free surface in the speed range .


Tyrosine Y161 (Yz) plays an important role in the charge separation of photosystem II (PSII) by reducing photooxidized P680+ and thus forming a neutral tyrosyl radical. The neutral tyrosyl radical then abstracts an electron and a proton from the manganese cluster (or other proton source) to regenerate neutral tyrosine. The production of the neutral tyrosyl radical is closely related to the oxidation of tyrosine by P680+ and deprotonation by a neighbouring histidine. The regeneration of neutral tyrosine is more complicated, involving the manganese cluster and other protein bases. Hybrid density functional calculations (B3LYP) show that the electron transfer between tyrosine and P680+ is coupled to the proton transfer between tyrosine and histidine. The proton is transferred from tyrosine to histidine spontaneously as tyrosine is oxidized, forming Yz⋅- -H+His state. The theoretical results of the formation of the neutral tyrosyl radical agrees with recent experimental and previous computational results. Neutral tyrosine is difficult to regenerate directly via abstraction of a hydrogen atom from water. The possible proton transfer from histidine cation directly to water or with glutamic acid assitance are both endothermic. In both cases, the proton lies between tyrosine and histidine and shifts back to tyrosine spontaneously when the tyrosyl radical is reduced. This result is consistent with Junge's electron transfer model. However, when glutamate anion is present, rather than glutamic acid, the proton transfers spontaneously via histidine to glutamate as tyrosine is oxidized, forming Yz⋅- -His- -Glu state. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 220–229, 2001


It appears to me that much of the ongoing discussion about the Greek debt talks misinterprets the parameters of the challenge, and the resulting (irreconcilable) disagreement. Some economists attribute the standoff to the unwillingness of creditors to accept economic facts (Greece needs debt forgiveness and economic support). Austerians argue that only radical reforms and cutbacks will salvage Greece, and attribute the standoff to Greece's unwillingness to reform. Though neither assessment is fundamentally wrong, both miss the political nature of the decision creditors faced.


SETTING
Singapore Tuberculosis Service.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the acceptability, efficacy and relapse rate of a combined formulation of three drugs--isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide (Rifater)--given in the initial phase of chemotherapy in three 6-month regimens (2SHRZ/4H3R3, 1SHRZ/5H3R3 and 2HRZ/4H3R3) under direct observation for all patients.

DESIGN
A randomised, controlled, unblinded study comparing a group of patients treated with Rifater and another given the three component drugs as separate formulations.

RESULTS
The 310 patients admitted to the study were divided into two groups of 155 patients. The frequency of side effects was similar in both groups. Of 271 patients with drug-sensitive strains who had completed treatment without interruption, sputum cultures converted in all patients. At the end of 5 years, there were 15 relapses: three (2.2%) in the separate drugs group and 12 (9.3%) in the Rifater group. Exclusion of two cases in the Rifater group, one with silicotuberculosis and another with no bacteriological confirmation of diagnosis, gave a relapse rate of 7.9% (P = 0.03 for the comparison of relapse rates in the two groups).

CONCLUSION
A combined formulation of three drugs given daily in the initial phase of 6-month short-course therapy, followed by intermittent treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin given three times a week under direct observation for all patients, appears to be less effective than treatment with the component drugs given as separate formulations.


Shallow Water Flow(SWF) is a severe accident in deepwater drilling.Huge amount of time and money would be wasted when meeting SWF,and cause the abandonment of wells and platforms sometimes.This paper presents the concept of SWF and five formation mechanisms,and emphasizes on the mechanisms of over pressured sands to enhance the understanding of SWF accident,and lay the foundation for further research and the development of SWF identification methods and processing technologies.Moreover,this paper introduces the recognition methods of SWF,the special petrophysical characteristics of SWF zone,and the seismic prediction technology and procedures.The significance of effective SWF control and management in deepwater drilling,the processing procedures,three techniques and research direction are described.


A priority tracking framework to enable scalable tracking of pedestrians for self-driving cars in dense scenes is developed. Reachability analysis is used on the ego-vehicle and pedestrian tracks to assign different tracking strategies based on perceived priority. Therefore, computationally heavy algorithms such as 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) can be performed on priority objects, while less relevant tracks are maintained by lower-level trackers. The approach is empirically evaluated in simulated and real traffic scenarios with dense detection of pedestrians. We show that our approach reduces the number of objects tracked by the 3D MOT by 5 fold when compared to the standard approach, and ensures the ego vehicle satisfies the same key criteria for passive safety.


We solve the problem of finding the success rate of an optimal sidechannel attack targeting at once the first and the last round of a block cipher. We relate the results to the properties of the direct and inverse substitution boxes (when they are bijective), in terms of confusion coefficients.


The paper concerns an experimental study on the wind pressures over the surface of a worldwide known Gothic Cathedral: Notre Dame of Paris. The experimental tests have been conducted in the CRIACIV wind tunnel, Prato (Italy), on a model of the Cathedral at the scale 1:200 reproducing the atmospheric boundary layer. Two types of tests have been conducted: with or without the surrounding modeling the part of the city of Paris near the Cathedral. This has been done, on the one hand, for evaluating the effect of the surrounding buildings onto the wind pressure distribution on the Cathedral, and, on the other hand, to have a wind pressure distribution plausible for any other Cathedral with a similar shape. The tests have been done for all the wind directions and the mean and peak pressures have been recorded. The results emphasize that the complex geometry of this type of structures is responsible for a peculiar aerodynamic behavior that does not allow estimating correctly the wind loads on the various parts of the Cathedral based on codes and standards, which are tailored for ordinary regular buildings.


Ms. B, age 60, has schizophrenia, which has been stable on clozapine for 2 decades when she is diagnosed with cancer. How do you manage her psychiatric illness during chemotherapy? CASE Stable with a new diagnosis Ms. B, age 60, has a history of schizophrenia, which has been stable on clozapine, 500 mg/d, for more than 2 decades. After a series of hospitalizations in her 20s and 30s, clozapine was initiated and she has not required additional inpatient psychiatric care. She has been managed in the outpatient setting with standard biweekly absolute neutrophil count (ANC) monitoring. She lives independently and is an active member in her church. After experiencing rectal bleeding, Ms. B is diagnosed with rectal carcinoma and is scheduled to undergo chemotherapy and radiation treatment. How would you manage Ms. B's psychiatric illness at this time? a) continue clozapine and the current monitoring schedule b) continue clozapine and increase ANC monitoring to weekly c) discontinue clozapine and switch to another antipsychotic d) discontinue clozapine and monitor her closely The authors' observations Both clozapine and chemotherapy carry the risk of immunosuppression, presenting a clinical challenge when choosing an appropriate management strategy. However, the risks of stopping clozapine after a long period of symptom stability are substantial, with a relapse rate up to 50%. (1) Among patients taking clozapine, the risk of agranulocytosis and neutropenia are approximately 0.8% and 3%, respectively, and >80% of agranulocyotis cases occur within the first 18 weeks of treatment. (2,3) Although both clozapine and chemotherapy can lead to neutropenia and agranulocytosis, there currently is no evidence of a synergistic effect on bone marrow suppression with simultaneous use of these therapies (2) nor is there evidence of the combination leading to sustained marrow suppression. (4) Because of Ms. B's positive response to clozapine, the risks associated with discontinuing the medication, and the relatively low risk of clozapine contributing to neutropenia after a long period of stabilization, her outpatient psychiatric providers decide to increase ANC monitoring to weekly while she undergoes cancer treatment. TREATMENT Neutropenia, psychosis Ms. B continues clozapine during radiation and chemotherapy, but develops leukopenia and neutropenia with a low of 1,220/[micro]L white blood cells and an ANC of 610/[micro]L. Clozapine is stopped, consistent with current recommendations to hold the drug if the neutrophil count is Approximately 2 weeks later, Ms. B is admitted to a different hospital for altered mental status and is found to have hyponatremia and rectal bleeding. The workup suggests that her rectal carcinoma has not fully responded to initial therapies, and she likely will require further treatment. Her mental status improves after hyponatremia resolves, but she reports auditory hallucinations and paranoia. Risperidone, 4 mg/d, is initiated to target psychosis. After discharge, Ms. B develops bilateral upper extremity tremor, which she finds intolerable and attributes to risperidone. She refuses to continue risperidone or try adjunctive medications to address the tremor, but is willing to consider a different antipsychotic. Olanzapine, 10 mg/d, is initiated and risperidone is slowly tapered. During this time, Ms. B experiences increased paranoia and believes that the Internal Revenue Service is calling her. She misses her next appointment. Later, the fire department finds Ms. …


The cover glass of mobile displays and photovoltaic cells needs a functional coating, such as an anti-reflection and self-cleaning coating. Numerous studies have been conducted on the engineering application of biomimetic functional surfaces, such as moth eye and lotus leaf Anti-reflection coantings of silica nanoparticles could enhance the light transmittance. TiO2 photocatalyst coatings have been applied to self-cleaning functional films. In this study, transparent hydrophobic anti-reflective coatings consisting of thin layers of SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated on a slide glass substrate by the sol-gel process and dip-coating process. The dependence of the surface morphology of the functional coatings was investigated by the atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurement, and UV-visible spectroscopy. It was found that the coating of TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited a high average transmittance comparable to that of the bare slide glass substrate in the visible light range. The bi-layered functional coating of 7 nm SiO2/7 nm TiO2 nanoparticles exhibits a transparent hydrophobic surface with acontact angle of 110° and an improvement of the average transmittance of 2.3% compared to the bare slide glass substrate in the visible light range.


Exogenous or at micromolar concentration had a strong inhibitory effect on detergent-solubilized cytochrome c oxidase. A similar effect was observed when was added to vesicular cytochrome c oxidase, although the extent of inhibition was significantly larger for the uncoupled state than for the coupled state. Interestingly, the inhibition by was almost negligible for both the coupled and uncoupled states. These results suggest that the binding sites for ions are exposed to the extravesicular side. whereas those for are exposed to the matrix side. The EPR spectra of bound ions at 77 K indicate that each of the first two ions is ligated by three or four histidine residues, as evidenced by distinct superhyperfine splitting. These ions can not be removed readily by EDTA and inhibit the enzyme activity by as much as 80%.


RECENT STUDIES have suggested that parkinsonian rigidity is associated with abnormal function of the muscle spindles, reflecting an increase'-" or of gamma motor activity. Because the spindles play a part in regulating muscular contraction, it appeared worthwhile to investigate their behavior in patients with the rigidity of Parkinson's disease. One method of evaluating spindle function is to study the "silent period" in the electromyogram. If the motor nerve is stimulated electrically during voluntary innervation of a muscle, the twitch is accompanied by a cessation of muscle action potentials, presumably because a twitch contraction unloads the spindles, reduces their rate of discharge, and withdraws afferent facilitation from the alpha motoneurons.10.1' However, Matthews12 has pointed out that the silent period may result not only from the spindle pause but also from discharge of the Golgi tendon organs, recurrent inhibition by way of the Renshaw cells, and synchronization of the discharge of motoneurons. Hence, a silent period produced by electrical stimulation is not necessarily the result of unloading the spindles. Another way to demonstrate the silent period is by eliciting the tendon jerk during voluntary c0ntraction.l" A blow to the tendon will stretch the muscle spindles, causing a reflex contraction which allows the spindles to shorten, thus interrupting the flow of afferent excitation. However, the blow also will activate the Golgi tendon organs, producing autogenetic inhibition of the alpha motoneurons.I4 Since the effects of spindle shortening are contaminated by those of tendon organ discharge, this method does not provide a reliable index of spindle function. A third way to elicit the silent period is to unload the muscle suddenly during voluntary contraction. First described by Hansen and Hoffmann in 1922,15 the "unloading reflex" (Entlastungsreflex) has proved to be a useful technique for the study of normal and abnormal physiology in the human subject.16-21 This method avoids the objections that have been raised against the use of electrical stimulation and the tendon jerk. Since the muscle is unleaded, the technique does not activate the tendon organs, and there is no antidromic stimulation, which might stimulate the Renshaw cells. Struppler and associates20 have recently published evidence to show that the unloading reflex is due to a decrease of excitatory impulses from the muscle spindles. In the present study, the "unloading" technique was applied to five patients with parkinsonian rigidity in order to determine whether they showed a silent period. Presence of a silent period was considered as presumptive evidence that the muscle spindles had retained their sensitivity to small changes of length, as reflected in a prompt diminution of alpha motor output.


Review(s) of: Handling and fabricating stainless steels for the food industry, by G G Page, DSIR Industrial Information Series No. 4, SIPC, DSIR, $6.95 from the Government Bookshop.


aspartate aminotransferase and C-reactive Alum is a double salt of aluminum and potassium protein may be altered in Sprague-dawley rats sulfates. The aim of this study was to investigate following consumption of 15 ml of 0.04% the status of some biochemical markers in concentration of alum- treated water for 30 days. Sprague-dawley rats following sub-chronic Thus, it is recommended that this study in a well consumption of alum- treated water. It consisted guided manner be carried out in humans to of 21 rats of 3–4 months old weighing roughly ascertain if the findings will be consistent. 122 ± 0.5 g. They were divided into three groups at random with 7 rats / group. The control group


This porous copper body (10) is provided with a skeleton (13) having a three-dimensional network structure, and is characterized in that: an uneven porous layer (12) is formed on the surface of the skeleton (13); the specific surface area is set so as to be at least 0.01 m 2 /g; and the porosity is set so as to be in the range of 50-90% inclusive.


Abstract The dynamic passive earth pressure as a resistance to the retaining wall movement is often required for the design of retaining walls, whose lower parts are embedded in the ground. This technical note presents the derivation of an analytical expression for the total passive earth pressure on a retaining wall from the c-Φ soil backfill subjected to surcharge and seismic loads. The developed expression has been analysed for some special cases, and they have been found identical to those proposed by earlier researchers on the subject. The graphical presentations show that the total dynamic passive force increases but the critical inclination of the failure plane within the soil backfill to the horizontal decreases with an increase in the surcharge pressure. When compared to situations without seismic loading, the effect of seismic loading reduces the inclination of the failure plane to horizontal slightly. The presence of surcharge reduces this even further. The design value of total dynamic passive force should be obtained with consideration of vertically upward seismic inertial force along with the horizontal seismic inertial force towards the soil backfill.


A new generation, waterborne epoxy resin system that offers higher value for ambient cure coatings has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the new waterborne epoxy resin and amine-functional curing agent system for use in ambient cure coatings on steel or concrete substrates. Basic material characteristics and coating formulating information will be presented. The influence of amine-to-epoxide stoichiometry on the performance properties of enamel and primer coatings formulated from these new materials will be discussed.


This paper presents an experimental characterization of floating-gate devices to be used as variable threshold transistors exploitable for trimming analog circuits. The presented data show that good accuracy can be achieved in circuit trimming, but also that the analog characteristics of floating-gate devices are inherently worse than those of standard transistors fabricated with the same technology.


Physical examination demonstrated a firm slightly tender encapsulated mass measuring approximately 7x5x5 centimeters situated medial and slightly anterior to the mid-portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Several small nodes were felt in each anterior triangle. The vocal cords were inflamed and the laryngeal recesses contained mucopurulent secretions. Cordal motility was normal. The thyroid was not palpable. X-rays of the chest were normal. The solitary mass was believed to be a branchiogenic cyst. Surgery was postponed during the time that the suppurative laryngitis was treated. Excision of the mass was performed and examination revealed a thin walled, partially loculated cyst filled with a thin grey fluid. This fluid contained many cholesterol crystals but no tumor cells. The inner lining was smooth except in an area measuring approximately one square centimeter which was irregularly raised and papillary. The smooth area represented 95 per cent of the total wall and consisted of squamous and low columnar epithelial lining covering a thin fibrous layer in which were numerous lymphoid follicles. The raised regions contained papillary thyroid tissue. The pathologic diagnosis was "malignant metastatic thyroid carcinoma in a cystic structure."


Wireless data transmission is one of the most energy-consuming tasks performed on embedded devices, being a crucial feature of battery-powered Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The present work proposes a new methodology to reduce the energy footprint of GNSS-based sensors by decreasing the amount of transmitted data applying a lossless compression strategy. Online trajectory data is structured through a pre-processing stage without information loss and posteriorly com-pressed through standard lossless algorithms. Simulations are performed considering different trajectory shapes, comparing the proposed schema with traditional compression methods without the proposed pre-processing stage. The results show that the proposed scheme can reach lower compression rates, reducing embedded IoT devices' energy footprint.


Two modifications of the method of frame synchronization by means of a frame pause were studied. The first does not require that all characters in the frame pause follow each other immediately. The second modification is based on the use of one particular type of redundancy within the frame to achieve frame synchronization without setting aside a special frame pause. Concentrated, distributed and combined frame pause are described and their uses compared.


Due to cyclic heart compressions, blood inside the vascular system is forwarded batch-wise. As a result, pulse waves propagate along the arterial vessel walls and are reflected on peripheral capillaries. The reflected pulses interfere with the incoming ones and cause a resulting pulse wave with a characteristic second peak. The shape of this pulse wave depends on the stiffness of the arterial wall, which is affected by e. g. aging or cardiovascular diseases. By means of a pulse wave analysis the actual state of the vessels can be estimated using transcutaneous ultrasound to assess e.g. the risk of arteriosclerosis. In this paper we present initial results of such an analysis obtained from transcutaneous ultrasonic imaging.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has high data rate capacity and lower Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and is considered as the best solution for next generation mobile communication. Multiple Inputs and Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system improve reception through spatial diversity and high end coding. Combining these two, offers high interference mitigation in wireless receivers. In this paper, the effects of neural network aided estimation in such receivers are considered. Neural network acts as a pre-processing block to the estimator. The effects of training parameters of the neural network in bit error rate are presented. The training volumes and number of hidden neurons are varied and tested for wide simulation environments.


Chiral Majorana fermion is a massless self-conjugate fermion which can arise as the edge state of certain two-dimensonal topological matters. It has been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in a hybrid device of quantum anomalous Hall insulator and a conventional superconductor. Its closely related cousin, Majorana zero mode in the bulk of the corresponding topological matter, is known to be a non-Abelian anyon useful in topological quantum computations. Here we show that the propagation of chiral Majorana fermions can naturally lead to non-Abelian braiding just like the Majorana zero modes, and propose a new platform to perform quantum computation with chiral Majorana fermions. A Corbino ring junction of the hybrid device can braid quantum coherent chiral Majorana fermions, implementing the Hadamard gate and the phase gate, where the junction conductance yields a natural readout for the qubit state.


The development of a three-electrode spark gap used with synthetic circuit was considered in this paper. Two types of three-electrode gas insulated spark gaps have been tested: a spark gap with a third electrode being inside the main electrode, and a spark gap with a separate third electrode. The theoretical model enabling the optimal design of spark gap has been presented. By applying that model both types of spark gaps were theoretically sized in the optimal way.


By its nature, the SMS communication is insecure a nd the message information can be viewed of many interested partie s. Here we propose a protocol for secure SMS end-to-end communication be twe n two mobile devices. Our protocol is based on a symmetric encry ption of the message context. The encryption is defined by using quasigr oup transformations. We have considered several possible attacks on our sec re protocol and we could conclude that it is resistant of them.


Thin, curved structures occur in many volumetric datasets. Their analysis using classical volume rendering is difficult because parts of such structures can bend away or hide behind occluding elements. This problem cannot be fully compensated by effective navigation alone, as structure‐adapted navigation in the volume is cumbersome and only parts of the structure are visible in each view. We solve this problem by rendering a spatially transformed view of the volume so that an unobstructed visualization of the entire curved structure is obtained. As a result, simple and intuitive navigation becomes possible. The domain of the spatial transform is defined by a triangle mesh that is topologically equivalent to an open disc and that approximates the structure of interest. The rendering is based on ray‐casting, in which the rays traverse the original volume. In order to carve out volumes of varying thicknesses, the lengths of the rays as well as the positions of the mesh vertices can be easily modified by interactive painting under view control.


Seneca's Medea exhibits its protagonist in a world — it seems — without justice, a victim of the broken faith of Jason and Creon, of a cultural isolation resulting from the Argonautic expedition, a prisoner of her past actions. During the play Medea develops 'a freedom of indifference' through her scelus, her 'crime': the killing of Creon and Creusa, the destruction of Corinth, the murder of her children. Medea achieves this freedom from the ties of the world, not by killing her children, the objects of her love, but by destroying her love for Jason which makes those children and all else in life of value. In the following analysis of the play particular attention is given to the development of the figure of Medea. Attention is also given to the evolution of the verbal, imagistic, symbolic and ideological patterns which clarify the significance of that development and the tragedy's thematic focus.


What can a machine learning simulation tell us about human performance in a complex, real-time task such as TetrisTM? Although Tetris is often used as a research tool (Mayer, 2014), the strategies and methods used by Tetris players have seldom been the explicit focus of study. In Study 1, we use cross-entropy reinforcement learning (CERL) (Szita & Lorincz, 2006; Thiery & Scherrer, 2009) to explore (a) the utility of high-level strategies (goals or objective functions) for maximizing performance and (b) a variety of features and feature-weights (methods) for optimizing a low-level, onezoid optimization strategy. Two of these optimization strategies quickly rise to performance plateaus, whereas two others continued towards higher but more jagged (i.e., variable) plateaus. In Study 2, we compare the zoid (i.e., Tetris piece) placement decisions made by our best CERL models with those made by the full spectrum of novice-to-expert human Tetris players. Across 370,131 episodes collected from 67 human players, the ability of two CERL strategies to classify human zoid placements varied with player expertise from 43% for our lowest scoring novice to around 65% for our three highest scoring experts.


{ital Pn} and {ital Lg} spectra for Lop Nor explosions and nearby earthquakes were analyzed for source and propagation effects using a modified inversion method of {ital Xie} [1993]. Spectral analyses were performed on waveform data from Incorporated Research Institution for Seismology, Chinese Digital Seismic Network, Kazakhstan, and Krgyzstan networks. {ital Pn} amplitude variations of a factor of 20 are observed across the small-aperture ({lt} 200 km) Kyrgyzstan network, and are probably related to three-dimensional Moho structure close to the network. Comparisons of {ital Pn} amplitudes and spectral ratios provide evidence for nonisotropic radiation pattern effects in the case of earthquakes and overshoot in explosion time histories. Complex source effects are born out in our inversion results: (1) logarithm of seismic moment (M{sub 0}) from {ital Pn} and {ital Lg} spectra scale linearly with body wave magnitude (m{sub b}) for explosions (5.0{le}m{sub b}{le}6.0) and for earthquakes (4.0{le}m{sub b}{le}5.5); (2) Pn; M{sub 0} estimates are similar to Lg; M{sub 0} for earthquakes but are higher than Lg; M{sub 0} for explosions; (3) corner frequency f{sub c} scale as quarter root of M{sub 0} for explosions and cube root for earthquakes; (4) at the same M{sub 0} level, Pn; f{sub c} aremore » 4{endash}5 times higher than Lg; f{sub c} for earthquakes and explosions; and (5) {ital Pn} source spectra are characterized by significant overshoot for explosions. Our results suggest that the cause of maximum separation between earthquake and explosion populations on plots of P/Lg spectral ratios, which typically occurs for frequencies above explosion Pn f{sub c} (between 2 and 4 Hz for explosions in this study), may be related to overshoot in the reduced velocity potential. {copyright} 1999 American Geophysical Union« less


Opportunistic network is a new class of wireless network. This network is based on store-carry-forward mechanism. An architecture and functionality are different from another wireless network such as wireless sensor network or mobile ad hoc network. Unlike mobile ad hoc network opportunistic network do not need end to end path between source and destination nodes for providing communication between them. In this paper, methodology for enhancement in opportunistic network is proposed and implement by using network simulation. Multi-hop relay technique and Virtual-ID used together to enhance the performance of opportunistic network and at last performance of opportunistic network is analyzed by using three different cases in opportunistic network. Keywords—Opportunistic network; Bundle layer; Storecarry-forward manner and relay technique


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) acting as aerial Wi-Fi Access Points or cellular Base Stations are being considered to deploy on-demand network capacity in order to serve traffic demand surges or replace Base Stations. The ability to estimate the Quality of Service (QoS) for a given network setup may help in solving UAV placement problems. This paper proposes a Machine Learning (ML) based QoS estimator, based on convolutional neural networks, which estimates the QoS for a given network by considering the UAV positions, the user positions and their offered traffic. The ML-based QoS estimator represents a novel paradigm for estimating the QoS in aerial wireless networks. It provides fast and accurate estimations with reduced computational complexity. We demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the proposed QoS estimator using the ideal UAV placement algorithm. Simulation results show the QoS estimator has an average prediction error lower than 5%.


Electronic nose (e-nose) is a machine olfaction system that has shown significant possibilities as an improved alternative of human taster as olfactory perceptions vary from person to person. In contrast, electronic noses also detect smells with their sensors, but in addition describe those using electronic signals. An efficient e-nose system should analyze and recognize these electronic signals accurately. For this it requires a robust pattern classifier that can perform well on unseen data. This research work shows the efficient prediction of black tea quality using machine learning algorithm with e-nose. This paper investigates the potential of three different types of multi-class support vector machine (SVM) to build taster-specific computational models. Experimental results show that all the three models offer more than 97% accuracies to predict the considerable variation in tea quality.


THINKING SKILLS oung children ages three to six are capable of making thoughtful decisions about their behavior and keen observations about their environment (as the vignettes at left show). Like Tatiana and Eric, they have insight into their desires, form mental images of the past and future, and attempt to explain their behavior and that of others. Although today's early childhood educators often focus on enhancing reading and mathematics skills to meet ever increasing academic expectations, we must also remain committed to promoting broader thinking abilities. They are the foundation upon which children learn to make decisions, regulate their own behavior, meet complex challenges, and take responsibility for their actions., reminds us that " key concepts involved in each domain of preschool learning must go hand in hand with information and skill acquisition " (p. 8). It cites research showing that metacognition—higher-level thinking and problem-solving skills—develops when children are encouraged to reflect, predict, question, and hypothesize. How can adults help children exercise these capabilities? There is empirical and practical evidence that we can promote the development of thinking and reasoning in young children in the early years by providing two curriculum components—planning and reflection. Both are thoughtful activities that encourage children to consider what they are doing and what they are learning. They also promote a broad range of other academic, social, and artistic compe-tencies. This article summarizes the research in support of these claims and offers strategies teachers and caregivers can use to encourage planning and reflection in their programs. Michigan. She develops curriculum materials, directs a team of specialists who conduct inservice training across the country and abroad, and conducts research and evaluation on early childhood programs. Last night Tatiana, age four, was telling us [her parents] her plan for the evening as we were eating dinner. She told us she planned to watch her new video, play her memory game with her mom, give her baby doll a bath, and have me read her some books. When I asked her when she was going to brush her teeth and go to bed, she told me that wasn't part of her plan! Today after choice time, three-year-old Eric told me [his teacher] he had watched Goober, the hamster. He reported that at first Goober was asleep, then he woke up and started drinking his water and eating his food. I said Goober must have been hungry. Eric agreed, …


Introduction: Using simultaneous nitric oxide and carbon monoxide lung transfer measurements (T LNO and T LCO ), the membrane transfer capacity (D m ) and capillary lung volume (V c ) can be calculated. In patients with PH, a gross abnormality of the pulmonary capillary bed is present. Therefore we hypothesized that in comparison to healthy controls, PH patients exhibit smaller changes in T LNO and T LCO outcome measurements when moving from upright sitting to supine position. Aim: Therefore we conducted this study to examine the relation between the change of V c from upright sitting to supine position to PH. Methods: Twelve PH and twelve healthy subjects matched for age were included. T LNO and T LCO were measured simultaneously in upright sitting and in supine position with breath holding time of six seconds. Linear regression was used to analyse the relation between V c change and PH and checked for confounding. Analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: Conclusions: The change in V c when moving from upright sitting to supine position is significant lower in PH patients compared to healthy controls. These findings support further study of V c by T LNO and T LCO to evaluate the postural effects in other patient groups.


A thorough and systematic evaluation of different digital control design approaches is presented. The performance of the approaches is compared in terms of both the bandwidth and the phase margin of the control loop, as well as the output transient response subject to line and load step change. Furthermore, the difference of these design approaches under a lower sampling rate is studied. Best digital design approach for power converter applications is identified based on the comparison results.


This paper proposed a co-evolutionary genetic algorithm by two stages based on potential field.In the first stage,each population was evolved mainly by sexual reproduction,when all populations reached evolutionary stagnate,key areas were formed by cluster analysis,and narrowing the search area can improve the efficiency of the algorithm.In the second stage,each population was evolved mainly by asexual reproduction to enhance local search,and realized the directed evolution based on individuals' fitness so as to speed up the convergence rate.At the same time it proposed a concept called environmental potential field which could guide the evolution in order to make multiple populations evolve cooperatively.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high quality of precision and rapid convergence rate and that it overcomes the low efficiency of traditional algorithms to some extent.


This paper considers case bases used for reasoning about processes where each case consists of a temporal sequence. In general, these temporal sequences include persistent and transitory (non-persistent) attributes. As these sequences tend to be long, it is unlikely to find a single case in the case base that closely matches a problem case. By utilizing causal knowledge in the form of a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) and exploiting the independence implied by the structure of the network and known attributes, our system matches portions of the problem case to corresponding sub-cases from the case base. The division of a case into sub-cases relies mostly on independence relations extracted from the causal knowledge. The matching of sub-cases takes into account the persistence properties of attributes. The approach is applied to a process involving an automotive paint curing oven in which a vehicle moves through stages within the oven to satisfy some requirements in each stage. In addition, testing has been conducted using cases randomly generated from known causal networks.


Abstract This questionnaire study examined the adjustment of 245 lone-parenting women following marital separation. A composite model included intrapsychic variables as intervening between demographic and contextual variables and adjustment (life satisfaction). Regression analyses showed that the demographic and contextual variables were partially mediated by the intrapsychic variables. The path model indicated that the intrapsychic variables (sense of coherence, control, depression, and grief) had a direct impact on life satisfaction and that there was an indirect path for depression through sense of coherence (SOC) and control. It was concluded that the intrapsychic variables had a more powerful relationship with women's post-separation life satisfaction than did the demographic/contextual variables. Social implications and recommendations for future policy are considered.


Banding and Implant Studies of Pygoscelis Penguins Susan G. Trivelpiece and Wayne Z. Trivelpiece Polar Oceans Research Group, Department of Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA Although bands have been used on penguins since the early 1900s, it was not until demographic studies were undertaken in the 1960s and 1970s that the problems of band loss and mortality due to bands were addressed. Ainley et a/. (1983) calculated a 28% band induced mortality rate among the Cape Crozier Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) population. These findings resulted in a new, enlarged band design to accommodate the swelling of the flippers during molt. We subsequently attempted to determine the extent of band loss and mortality due to these new bands. Our double-banding study from 1984/85 to 1985/86 resulted in the discovery that double-banded birds (i.e., with one band on each flipper) had higher mortality rates than those with only single bands. 31% of the double-banded Adelie and Gentoo Penguins (P. 1ll!Illil!), and 32% of the Chinstrap Penguins (P. antarctica) returned versus 39%, 56%, and 44% of the single-banded Adelie, Gentoo, and Chinstrap Penguins, respectively. In addition, Gentoo Penguin chicks were doubleand single-banded at the same time. Differences in survival between these two groups showed dramatic differences; only one of the 200 double-banded birds returned as a one-year-old, versus 84 of the 800 single-banded birds. We hypothesized that silver flipper bands might be acting as "flashers", thereby putting double-banded birds at greater risk to predation by Leopard Seals (Hydrurga leptonyx). To test this hypothesis, Adelie Penguins were double-banded with black bands, silver bands, and black and silver bands in 1987/88. The following season (1988/89), no differences were found in survival among these groups (20%, 21%, and 26%, respectively). However, single-banded black and single-banded silver birds had significantly higher survival rates than double-banded birds (39% and 44%, respectively). These results suggest that flipper bands affect survival in penguins. To test this hypothesis, we have initiated a study of Adelie Penguin male survival using implanted transponders. Results of this experiment will help us to determine the extent of band loss and band induced mortality in penguins. Cited and Related References: 4, 5, 16,21, 34,77, 82,88,94


Key Points Question How frequently do physicians experience mistreatment and discrimination by patients, their families, and visitors; how does this vary by physician characteristics; and what is the association between having such interactions and experiencing burnout? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 6512 US physicians, mistreatment and discriminatory behaviors by patients, families, and visitors within the previous year were common, especially for female and racial and ethnic minority physicians, and associated with higher burnout rates. Meaning The findings suggest that efforts to mitigate risk of physician burnout and improve the work experience of female and racial and ethnic minority physicians should include strategies that promote patient, family, and visitor civility.


A significant progress has been made over the years in the prognosis and treatment of patients with early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, late presentation of a large number of patients remains a serious public health problem. The aim of our study is to highlight the dimensions of the problem by evaluating the data from the HIV Unit of Alexandroupolis, a rural region with population heterogeneity and a strategic position between West and East, Europe and Asia. This was a retrospective study including 107 patients diagnosed with HIV infection in our unit from 2010 to 2018. As late presenters were defined patients diagnosed with a CD4 cell count <350/mm³ or an AIDS-defining condition regardless of CD4 cell count. The proportion of patients diagnosed late was 49.5%. The majority were males in the age group 31-40 years (41.5%). Men who had sex with men were 37.8%. Among late presenters, 34% were at CDC stage C3. The most common AIDS-defining condition observed was Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia (15.1%), followed by esophageal candidiasis (7.5%) and cryptococcal meningitis (3.8%). Additionally Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome documented (3.8%). A high percentage of patients was also co-infected with Hepatitis B (22.6%) virus. The notably high percentage of late presenters in our unit demonstrates that late presentation remains a challenge for public health. Further efforts must be made to ensure an early diagnosis of HIV infection. The early initiation of antiretroviral therapy is vital to reduce viral load to undetectable levels and the risk of HIV transmission.


The vinasse causes a serious environmental problem when it is not previously treated before being discharged directly into the environment. Organic loading rate (OLR) is an important operating variable for the anaerobic digestion (AD) process related to system stability, waste treatment capacity and biogas production. For this reason, the main aim of this paper is to evaluate the performances in the mesophilic methanogenic AD of a sustainable alternative for the treatment of vinasse over nearly 1 y on an industrial-scale (Sotrameg Company, Souk EL HAD, Municipality Benmansour, Province of Kenitra, Morocco). The evolution of OLR on the stability of the AD of vinasse is evaluated through an experimental study and statistical methods using (ANOVA, Modified Gompertz, Richards, and Logistic). The energy potential of biogas generated from the anaerobic process is also evaluated. Experimental results show that the increase in OLR favors the production of biogas. Thus, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency is 85% at an OLR of 4.2 kg COD m3/d and hydraulic retention time of 12 d achieving a methane yield of 70%. The daily energy generation achieved is 6.95 kWh/m3 and approximately 50% of this energy is reused to satisfy the needs of Sotrameg facilities. The proposed statistical models are used to describe the dynamic behavior of methane production and its dependence on OLR. A good fit between the variables estimated by the statistical model and experimental data is obtained, reaching determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.9.


Regiospecific and highly stereoselective electrophilic addition to furanoid glycals has been used as a key step in the synthesis of phosphonate isosteres of nucleoside monophosphates. Using this methodology, phosphonate analogues of ddA, d4T, and d4A monophosphates have been prepared. Present studies have also led to the development of a scheme for the synthesis of the phosphonate isostere of adenosine monophosphate


In a previous publication from this laboratory (Gaarenstroom & Siderius, 1954) the hypothesis was brought forward that under normal circumstances the tendency of the bloodsugar level to decrease immediately after intravenous injection of alloxan can partly or completely be obscured by a tendency of this level to increase. A number of possible reasons for this increase have been discussed in the review by Lukens (1948), one of them being the secretion of adrenaline by the adrenals, which causes a mobilisation of liver glycogen. Recent experiments (Gaarenstroom & R\l=u"\mke,1955) have supported the view that this tendency of the bloodsugar level to increase after alloxan injection


The application of anionic stabilizers is of great importance in the synthesis of supported metal nanoparticles with small and uniform size and high dispersion. Herein, we extensively studied the influence of four congeneric anionic stabilizers on the morphology of carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles, and evaluated the efficacy of anionic stabilizers by testing the catalytic property of supported Pd nanoparticles toward formic acid electrooxidation. The results reveal that the morphology of carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles strongly depends on the steric hindrance and coordination effects of the anionic stabilizers. To be more specific, (1) large steric hindrance of anionic stabilizers is beneficial to form a small and uniform Pd particle size; (2) coordination compound formation between Pd ions and stabilizer molecules facilitates the dispersion of Pd nanoparticles on carbon black; and (3) both large steric hindrance and coordination compound formation can decrease the deposition of Pd nanoparticles in the micropores of carbon black. This work provides a reference point for future work aspiring to develop even better anionic stabilizers for the synthesis of supported metal nanoparticles.


The consistency between dimethyl ether and rubber diaphragm in bottled LPG regulator is studied.The swelling phenomenon of rubber diaphragm is observed when it is immersed in liquid dimethyl ether,and the performance tests such as tensile strength,elongation at break,hardness and thermal aging are carried out.The chemical mechanism of swelling and performance change of rubber diaphragm in dimethyl ether is analyzed.The possible influence of dimethyl ether as city gas on bottled LPG regulator used currently is discussed.


The topological optimization method was used to synthesize bionic structures for the promising small aircraft compartment made of aluminum alloy. Topological optimization was performed on the basis of the ESO-SIMP method using the ANSYS Workbench software tools. Influence of the design parameters, in particular, of the shell thickness, on the strength and weight characteristics of the compartment bionic structures after topological optimization was studied under the external loads action.


The present study addresses the challenge of identifying the features of the centre of pressure (CoP) trajectory that are most sensitive to postural performance, to progress in the process of transforming CoP data into useful information and to promote standardization in quantitative posturography. For this purpose, we singled out the features that characterize postural sway in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) with and without levodopa (on and off states). The feature selection was performed using principal component analysis. Results suggest that CoP in subjects with PD can be primarily characterised by four parameters, in both off and on states, describing: the size of the path over the support surface; the principal sway direction; and the shape and bandwidth of the power spectral density plot. The similarity of the present results with a previous study that considered young healthy subjects, allows us to define more confidently the minimum set of measures to recommend for specific applications as optimal descriptor of CoP sway in quiet stance.


Three-dimensional polyaniline (PANI) nanowire networks were synthesized in high yield using a soft templateself-assembled with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and oxalic acid. The PANI nanowire networks had diameters from 35-100 nm depending on synthesis conditions and/or procedures. The networks and the cross-linking points were clearly by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A possible mechanism for the formation of three-dimensional PANI nanowire networks is discussed.


The road which builds wealth is paved with many types of investment. There are so many avenues available for the smart investment. The investors need that type of investment which hassle free one, compared to picking of stock and managing the portfolio by oneself. Generally, for investors the hands are down for equity, as it is called the best assets class investment which overrides inflation.  Systematic Investment plan (SIP) is the order of preference where Investors hangout of late. It is the easiest process to enter into capital market. Systematic Investment Plan is an investment vehicle which allows small amount, periodically instead of lumpsum. It is a simple process of investing in mutual funds, similar to a recurring bank deposit.  This paper deals with the length and breath of SIP.  It also deals how it builds the wealth of individual and indirectly the wealth creation of nation as well.  It also states the factors which are responsible for SIP investment.  In fact, SIP become sought-after destination for most of the retail investors.


Failure to transplant a vital organ devastates both the person who needs it and the family of the person who gives it. While organ donors are sometimes very much alive—for example, donors of a single kidney— I will focus on cadaver donors, or rather, their surrogates; patient surrogates are often, properly speaking, the donors of organs from the decedent, who is, properly speaking, the source of the organs. I want to ask whether disclosing bad news to patients' surrogates or "donating families" does more harm than good. I argue for barring donating families from information about transplantation outcomes. Such a policy would allow all donating families to tell themselves a story in which the death of someone they love has enabled another person to live.


Complete exchange, also known as all-to-all personalized communication, occurs in numerous numerical and scientific applications, such as FFT and matrix transpose. The paper proposes two new algorithms for complete exchange on clusters connected by Ethernet switched hierarchical network. The new algorithms fully utilize the bandwidth in the bottleneck links and theoretically achieve the lower bounds on message transmission. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform other MPI-Alltoall algorithms included in MPICH and LAM/MPI, on Ethernet switched clusters with hierarchical network topologies when the message size is long. Finally, the algorithms are conceptually simple and easily implemented.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Information Technology AHO, PETRI: Visualizing Mining Data Master of Science Thesis, 44 pages, 0 Appendix pages August, 2015 Major: Software Engineering Examiner: Professor Tommi Mikkonen


IPO grading is once again in the news. SEBI has finally scrapped the controversial system of IPO grading in June, 2018. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of IPO grading on some important variables during the period when it was mandatory. The study covers all IPOs issued and listed on the NSE website during 2009 to 2013. It is found that IPO grading successfully captures investor demand and issue size but no significant relationship is found between grading and underpricing. The study brings into focus IPO certification issues and concludes that IPO grading was scrapped as grading process involved too many loopholes which prevented it from becoming a credible certification mechanism


Using optical L-lactic acid as the starting material,R-(+)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid was synthesized via esterification,sulfonylation and etherification reaction,and the configuration was reversed in etherification reaction.In sulfonylation reaction,using Et3N as a base and TEBAC as a catalyst,the molar ratio of L-ethyl lactate to p-toluenesulfonyl chloride to Et3N was 1∶1∶1.2,reaction temperature 0 ℃,reaction time 5 h,the yield of ethyl S-(-)-2-(4-toluenesulfonyloxy)lactate was 96.5% with the purity of 98.0%;In etherification reaction,using H2O as a solvent in N2 atmosphere,the molar ratio of hydroquinone to ethyl S-(-)-2-(4-toluenesulfonyloxy)lactate was 1.2∶1,reaction temperature 30 ℃,reaction time 6 h,under the optimum conditions,the yield of R-(+)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid was 72.4% based on L-lactic acid with the purity of 99.5%,and the optical purity was confirmed to be 97.9%.The structure of R-(+)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid was confirmed by 1H NMR,IR and MS.


We examine changes in CEOs' disclosure styles in quarterly earnings conference calls over their tenure. Our longitudinal analysis of newly hired CEOs shows that CEOs' forward-looking disclosures and their disclosures' relative optimism decline in their tenure. Further, externally hired and inexperienced CEOs are more future-oriented, and younger CEOs exhibit greater optimism in their disclosures. We also find that non-CEO executives' disclosure styles remain time-invariant over their CEOs' tenure. Our evidence is consistent with uncertainty reduction about managers' ability over their tenure (1) reducing the demand for and the supply of forward-looking disclosures, and (2) attenuating managerial career concerns leading to the decline in disclosure optimism.
 JEL Classifications: D22; D70; D82; D83; L20; M12.


Introduction. Performing a puncture of the maxillary sinus at the stages of diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis remains relevant. The emerging algophobia, according to other patients, or their own previously experienced pain forces patients to abandon this manipulation. In this context, properly performed, with good anesthesia, maxillary sinus puncture is painless and easily tolerated by patients. Objective. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of maxillary sinusitis by improving the anesthetic support during the puncture of the maxillary sinus based on the study of various types of analgesia near the located anatomical zones. Patients and methods. A total of 152 patients took part in the prospective study, of which: according to absolute indications, 50 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis underwent maxillary sinus puncture under application anesthesia, 50 patients with chronic periodontitis underwent extraction of the tooth of the upper jaw under infiltration anesthesia, and 52 patients with chronic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract underwent esophagogastrodoudenoscopy (EGD) under topical anesthesia. To objectify and determine the intensity of pain, a visual analogue scale, the McGill questionnaire, Wong–Baker and Brief Pain scales were used. Results. Pain sensations of patients from the puncture of the maxillary sinus averaged 1.27 points, in the first control group, 0.18 points; in the second control group, 1.79 points. The subjective assessment of pain during tooth extraction was significantly lower and significantly different from those during puncture and EGD. Subjective assessments during puncture and EGD did not significantly differ from each other. Values for all groups ranged between «no pain» and «almost no pain.» Conclusion. Subject to the technique and time of anesthesia, puncture of the maxillary sinus is well tolerated by patients of different age groups, and pain, according to the questionnaires, does not go beyond "almost does not hurt."


Coal gasification has been the subject of a great deal of study and development worldwide over the past decade. The open literature currently contains bewildering and often inconsistent information concerning the development status and economic viability of coal gasification systems. The Advanced Power Systems Division of EPRI has devoted considerable resources to the development and demonstration of coal gasification technology for ultimate use in electric-power-generation systems. The primary objective of this Guide is to provide current and consistent information concerning the status of commercial development, potential utility applications and EPRI-developed capital and operating costs for coal-gasification technologies that have already been demonstrated at commercial scale as well as for those that are close to commercial practice. Current commercial/developmental status of Lurgi, Koppers-Totzek, Texaco, Shell, British Gas Corporation/Lurgi, KILnGAS, Westinghouse and High Temperature Winkler is discussed. Environmental aspects, thermal performance, reliabiilty and cost information are provided for medium-Btu gas production; retrofitting and repowering existing steam plants; integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems; low-water-consumption IGCC systems; methanol from coal; once-through methanol production in an IGCC system; and IGCC systems employing advanced, molten-carbonate fuel cells. Finally, for comparison purposes, performance and cost estimates on a consistent basis are provided for coal-fired steam plants;more » oil-fired steam plants; oil- and gas-fired combined-cycle and combustion-turbine plants. 88 figures, 86 tables.« less


Disturbances of aphasic patients in the planning of spoken utterances have hitherto mainly been investigated through patterns of paraphasic errors, the scope of these errors usually not involving more extensive units than the word. In contrast, comparatively little is known about disturbances at the level of larger planning units. In the present study we focus on respiratory activity, asking how normals and one apraxic aphasic link the linguistic-phonetic demands of an utterance in terms of length, loudness, and tempo to appropriate patterns of respiratory motor activity. We further wished to determine the extent to which covert speech may take account of the airflow requirements of the planned utterance and speculated that inclusion of this experimental condition could help to throw more precise light on the levels of the speech production system where planning deficiences can occur in apraxic speakers


Any system with repeatable behavior can potentially be defined with the minimal set of functions that might be composed to represent the entirety of that behavior. The states accessible through these functions then forms a "functional state space" through which the system moves. Since functional states spaces can be used to represent every problem domain from physics, to communications, to business operations, to the human cognition itself, a general approach to not only research but design and all other processes of discovery that is applicable to all domains can potentially be defined to radically increase capacity for discovery in each domain.


University administerization has spawned political behaviors,political perception and political skills. Political behavior in our universities is characterized by separation of actuality. The perceptions of organizational politics takes on impression management,community consciousness,the edge consciousness in university. Silence,and a mutual relationship between administration and academics are a typical manifestation of political skills in university. Therefore,two issues deserve our consideration. One is the main resource allocation in colleges and universities,namely,how to keep the two connected links such as the resources provision and the resources allocation properly separated; the other is to improve the system of resource allocation,including re-carding of distribution principle,system design,information disclosure and other aspects.


The major part of African countries population lives in the rural areas and agriculture is the main source of such dwellers' livelihood. Access to agricultural credit is a milestone in the context of rural development of these countries. International donor organizations give some banks impetus to direct their loans to agricultural sector. This study tries to make motion about analyzing micro consequences of international donors' intervention in a number of banks of observed African states in terms of agricultural loan volumes. In particular, it analyzed selected banks that provide agricultural loans. Donors were related with some banks as they were providing relevant resources that banks were using for financing agricultural loans within the specific projects with them. Such banks were identified and those with no relevant nexus with donors; also their agricultural loan portfolios were compared and how they changed over time. Statistical analyses showed whether donors' role was significant in issuing agricultural loans or other factors were more important. Bank level analyses try to answer the following research question: do international donor organizations' loans and grants to banks increase supply of agricultural credit from banks? Selected bank specific variables were used for empirical analyses. Results show that international donor organizations have positive impact on African banks' agricultural lending volume. It can be also stated that both in donor related and non related banks deposits play important role in the issue of agricultural loans, while interest rate on agricultural lending stay insignificant in both cases.


Luth, M. & Frahm, J.-P. 2008. New and interesting records of bryophytes from Crete. - Herzogia 21: 247-250. Bryum dunense is recorded as new to Crete, Pottia caespitosa and Scleropodium cespitans are recorded as new to Greece. Moreover there is a first releve from Oncophorus dendrophilus and a new state report of the location of Trematodon longicollis and Jungermannia handelii.


The case is described where a pedestrian filed suit against the county for injuries sustained during a fall from a county owned and maintained bridge (a box culvert) constructed within the confines of a County State Aid Highway. The facts presented through plaintiff's depositions and courtroom procedures are summarized. After County District Court trial, the judge dismissed the suit on the basis of the failure of the plaintiff and his attorney to show that the county had wilfully or through neglect allowed a dangerous pedestrian condition to exist. This action was upheld by the Minnesota Court of Appeals. Although the case was dismissed, important lessons may be noted: the need for immediate and thorough investigation of even the most insignificant accident as soon as possbile after the event; the need to adhere to policy or standard practice whenever possible; the use of outside legal and engineering help if the situation warrants.


The transmitted spectrum of two-dimensional photonic crystal polarization splitters used in infrared region is calculated by finite difference time domain(FDTD)and the band structure calculated by plane wave expansion method(PWM)is proved.The two-dimensional photonic crystal polarization splitters are fabricated by depositing Ge and BaF2 on a grating by electric beam gun.The polarization phenomenon of photonic crystal is verified by an experiment for normal incidence.The difference between theoretical results and experimental results is analyzed.The fabrication of such a photonic crystal polarization splitter is an easy process based on coating films on the grating and is suitable for industry.


The existence of a Control Barrier Function (CBF) for a control-affine system provides a powerful design tool to ensure safety. Any controller that satisfies the CBF condition and ensures that the trajectories of the closed-loop system are well defined makes the zero superlevel set forward invariant. Such a controller is referred to as safe. This paper studies the regularity properties of the minimum-norm safe controller as a stepping stone towards the design of general continuous safe feedback controllers. We characterize the set of points where the minimum-norm safe controller is discontinuous and show that it depends solely on the safe set and not on the particular CBF that describes it. Our analysis of the controller behavior as we approach a point of discontinuity allows us to identify sufficient conditions to ensure it grows unbounded or it remains bounded. Examples illustrate our results, providing insight into the conditions that lead to (un)bounded discontinuous minimum-norm controllers.


Abstract : All armies have long recognized the importance of reconnaissance in the successful accomplishment of their mission. Operations Desert Shield/Storm were no exceptions and, once again, proved that knowing the location of the enemy ground forces is paramount to achieving a decisive victory. However, with the reduction of the defense budget, the U.S. Army needs to relook how best to meet its future aerial scout/ reconnaissance requirements. To solve the unarmed reconnaissance deficiency, there is a joint program to develop a new family of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) underway. Likewise, to solve the armed reconnaissance deficiency, the Army is developing a new reconnaissance, attack helicopter. In this paper, I review some of our experiences in the Persian Gulf War with using both UAVs and helicopters. Also discussed are some of the costs associated with each system and its organizational structure. In addition, I outline the major advantages and disadvantages related to the systems. Finally, I provide recommendations on how the Army can best accomplish its reconnaissance mission with these two new systems.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermosetting resin composition, a bonding film, and a multilayer printed circuit board for enabling formation of an interlayer insulating resin layer having excellent close contact property, heat resistance property, and low dielectric coefficient or the like. SOLUTION: The multilayer printed circuit board is provided with an interlayer insulating resin layer formed of a thermosetting resin composition and a film. The thermosetting resin composition is used for the method to manufacture a multilayer printed circuit board with the steps of forming a coated film on an internal layer circuit board on which circuits are formed, boring a hole, and forming a conductor layer. The composition includes a polyulethane resin (A), and an epoxy resin (B) having a structure expressed by the general expression (1) or (2). The film is formed by forming a film including the composition explained above in the half-hardened state on a supporting material base film. Here, X in the expression indicates the remaining group obtained by removing two phenol hydroxyl groups from the phenol-based compound including two or more phenol hydroxyl groups in one molecule. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


Data modeling is a key problem in machine learning. In conventional machine learning, a lot of research has been focused on a specific method for a specific environment in which models are selected and built generally by using ad hoc methods, "trial and error" or solely on "expert" knowledge or intuition. As a result, the effectiveness of the models is limited and the research results often do not contribute to the fundamental understanding of the field nor lend themselves to the broader problem domain. The paper aims to provide theoretical foundations as well as useful tools to guide model building and to explain and evaluate model performance by using several information-theoretic measures, namely, entropy, conditional entropy, relative entropy, information gain, and information cost. These measures can characterize the regularity of data set and thus contribute to the data modeling.


The results of this study indicate that SIV subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 are circulating in commercial pig herds in the eastern part of Croatia. However, it is evident that the subtype H1N1 is predominant. The obtained results also demonstrated that the occurrence of antibodies depends on the age of animals and show that sows and gilts have higher antibody prevalence against SIV. This might be explained by the fact that sows represent a reservoir for continuous circulation of influenza viruses since most of them have been on the farm longer than the finishing pigs and have more exposure to infection (3). The animals sampled in this study have not been vaccinated against SIV so the seropositive animals may have been exposed to the virus at some point in their life-time from other infected pigs or even humans.


With direct reference to Michael Halliday's lexicogrammatical approach (Halliday, 2014), I have attempted to show through a lexicogrammatical analysis of the opening three questions of an interview, evidence to support my claim that the interviewee deliberately attempted to solicit the support and sympathy of the interviewer and the listening public through the lexical and grammatical choices she made.


Language In this chapter, we outline how language works in very general terms. We begin with a tour of some of the more common and egregious misunderstandings about language and then progress to the key notions of any theory of language. Finally, we briefly review the principal areas of language study. Language is a wonderful domain to do science with. All humans have language in some sense, so the data one might need to test one's hypotheses are ready to hand. Unfortunately, there is a great deal of misunderstanding about how language works. We need to break through these misunderstandings before we can appreciate the formal structures of language. Let's begin with a fairly common idea: children learn language by memorizing words and sentences. The basic idea here is that all there is to learning a language is memorizing the words and sentences one hears. There are several problems with this view of language learning. First, it is not altogether clear what is intended by memorization, but the most obvious interpretation of this term would have to be incorrect. Memorization implies a conscious active effort to retain something in memory, but language learning seems to happen in a rather passive fashion. Children do not appear to spend any effort in acquiring the languages they are exposed to, yet they 10


Australia produces one third of the world's mineral resources and has sufficient petroleum resources for its economic growth. Volumes of resources data have been accumulated and geographically distributed in many resources companies. The existing data can be logically and physically organized and explored so that more of these natural resources hidden under great depths of the earth's crust can be tapped without additional exploration and development efforts. Modeling and mapping of resources data entities, dimensions and objects reduce the complexity of resources data in the databases, and aim at to enhance the value derivable information. Entity-Relationship and Object Oriented data mapping techniques and Multidimensional Object Modeling and data warehouse, accommodating these multidimensional data are discussed and described


Objective: To observe the effects of adenovirus-mediated transfer of thymidine kinase gene driven by IGF-Ⅱ P3 promoter and GCV system on the growth of xenografted hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. Methods: HepG2 cells were inoculated into nude mice to establish transplantation tumors. Ad-tkEGFP-P3 was intratumorously injected and GCV was intraperitoneally injected the next day. Tumor sizes were measured every 4 days. The nude mice were euthanized and tumors were removed on the last day. Tumor size was then measured. RT-PCR was performed to detect the tk mRNA expression in tumor, heart, liver and kidney tissue. The toxic effect was estimated by HE staining and pathological tests on the heart, liver and kidneys. Results: The inhibition of tumor growth in group Ad-tkEGFP-P3+GCV nude mice was more significant compared with the other 3 groups (P0.05). The tumor volumes in group Ad-tkEGFP-P3+GCV nude mice were smaller than those of the other 3 groups. Tk mRNA could only be detected in tumor tissue, but not in heart, liver or kidney tissue. No inflammation, degeneration, necrosis nor apoptosis was observed in the heart, liver and kidneys. Conclusion: Intratumor injection of Ad-tkEGFP-P3 following GCV intraperitoneal injection could inhibit the growth of transplantation tumors in nude mice. There is no obvious toxic effect of Ad-tkEGFP-P3 following GCV treatment on nude mice.


Musikdidaktik is a central part of music teacher education2 and addresses the practical, theoretical and philosophical perspectives that inform music teaching and learning. Its roots are in the classical idea of didactics set out by Rathke and Comenius (Comenius, 1999), and concerns teaching and learning in organized settings, such as schools, and has been applied to teacher education (Kansanen, 1995).


Within the last two decades over 60 million people have been infected with HIV/AIDS. In the U.S. AIDS is the leading cause of death between the age of 25 and 44 years old. At the end of 2001, the United Nations estimated that 40 million people around the globe live with HIV/AIDS and 5 million people were infected during 2001. AIDS is affecting the global economy equal to the entire economy of Australia or India. The only avoidance of HIV/AIDS impact is prevention. Organizations must take an active role in the education of populations if the impact is to be reduced.


When looking at a company with a view of moving it towards sustainability the company must inwardly look at itself and decide where it currently stands. This is where, for the company, the hard bit begins. How to translate the words of sustainability into action plans that are meaningful and work. It is essential that the company management understand that the path to sustainability is time-based. It is not possible nor desirable to shift the company from the 'cowboy' or 'no regrets' phase directly to sustainability. It is a gradual procedure that passes through three distinct stages within the Corporate Governance phase, that are entirely different in themselves but relatively simple to apply. Within each stage there are milestones to complete in a natural developmental order. By the time the company reaches the third stage it has developed a sophisticated procedure that will allow it to back the winners and make the right decisions. By then it would have shunned the growth at all cost procedure and understood the difference between sustainable growth and sustainable development and have completely turned the company around. The three strategies' described below follow the pattern of time application and describes the conceptual process that the company must pass through on the way to sustainability.


The paper puts forward the idea of three-dimensional AO and researches the method of implementing it. The system of three-dimensional AO can assist the technologist to improve the efficiency of planning process, it also can illustrate the information of process which includes in AO more perspicuity and guide the worker understand the process more clearly, at the same time, it can assist managers control the flow of assembly process in workshop at every moment. The system is based on the software of DPE of DELMIA.


The author reveals the general principles in construction of images of mass-cult superhero and several iconic characters of Russian classics. The author draws attention to their main attributes: liminality, emotionality, singlehood, anonymity, emblematicity, i.e. recognizability of the mask, and so on. The main character of N. Karamzin's essay Erast ("The Sensitive and the Cold") is called the first person in the literature of the XIX century who can at least partially claim the role of a protosuperhero. It is proved that the detailed image of the defender appears in the works of the Decembrists. The most obvious example of a rescuer of the weak in the Russian culture of the Golden period is A. Pushkin's Dubrovsky. In the novel by M. Lermontov the figure of Pechorin is ambiguous in this sense, but the principles of plot organization close to the serial structure are used ("A Hero of Our Time''). In many respects, I.Turgenev's Insarov is similar to the image of the superhero: biography, appearance, behavior ("On the Eve"). Because of certain schematicism in the image, even more similar to it is the N. Chernyshevsky's "special person" Rakhmetov ("What Is to Be Done?"). In the works of L.Tolstoy the image is completely embodied only in many disparate components. The author concludes that the inherent inconsistency of romantic characters in many cases turns into duality – a typical feature of the superhero aesthetic. During periods of historical cataclysms, times of aggravation of social contradictions, the popularity of characters who "know everything" increases.


Multi-sensor information fusion is an intensive research topic in the field of mobile robot.The primary research progress and the typical application status on mobile robot of multi-sensor information fusion technology is synthetically discussed,and the primary realizable methods of multi-sensor information fusion is briefly introduced,and analyses the main research aim and research content of multi-sensor information fusion for the mobile robot system is analyzed in detail.Finally,on the basis of present research work,a multi-sensor-based information fusion design scheme for soccer robot localization and navigation is also presented.


Abstract The postmortem diagnosis of fatal heatstroke (hyperthermia) is a challenging task in forensic practice. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was utilized to explore the biochemical difference of fatal heatstroke and to establish diagnosis models in this study. The complementary results of spectral absorbance comparison and principal component analysis demonstrated that the spectral differences between the hyperthermia and control groups mainly arose from the variations in the structure or composition of nucleic acids, proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in the vitreous humor. A genetic algorithm-guided partial least squares discriminant analysis model was established for the postmortem diagnosis of heatstroke, which achieved great specificity and sensitivity, both with scores of 100%. Furthermore, classification predictions of unknown vitreous humor samples collected from 11 rabbits were also performed by the model, resulting in 100% correct discrimination. This preliminary research demonstrates that Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics has the potential to be an effective aid for the postmortem diagnosis of fatal heatstroke.


In order to understand the role of music in our human lives, it is very important to develop a method that can quantify the evolution of music. First, we selected seven indicators of music characteristics, used Pearson's correlation coefficient to construct a music similarity measurement model, and performed a cluster analysis of artists within the genre to solve the Pearson correlation coefficient within and between genres. It is concluded that the music similarity within genres is higher than that between genres. Next, we selected some indicators through principal component analysis, observed the change curve of indicators over time, and analyzed how the genre changes over time. Finally, we use the coefficient of variation method to analyze the musical characteristics of influencers and followers, and obtain the relationship between the appeal of musical characteristics.


Aim. To compare the effects of ACE inhibitors zofenopril and perindopril on endothelial function and oxidative stress (OS) in patients with stable CHD and AH. Material and methods. In total, 40 patients with stable CHD (Functional Class II-III effort angina) and Stage 1-2 AH received zofenopril (7,5-30 mg/d; mean dose 18,6±8,8 mg/d; n=17) or perindopril (2-8 mg/d; mean dose 4,1±2,1 mg/d; n=23) for 12 weeks. At baseline and in the end of the study, all patients underwent reactive hyperemia test (RHT), to assess flow-dependent vasodilatation of brachial artery, and the measurement of OS parameters (malone dialdehyde, MDA, in low-density lipoproteins, MDALDL) and antioxidant parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) activity in erythrocytes). Results. In both groups, a similar reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels was observed. In the zofenopril group, a significant elevation in brachial artery diameter increase during RHT, a significant increase in GPO activity, and some reduction in MDALDL levels were observed, which points to antioxidant system (AOS) activation and OS reduction. No similar changes of these parameters were observed in the perindopril group. Conclusion. In patients with stable CHD and AH, zofenopril, but not perindopril, reduced OS severity and increased AOS system activity, which was associated with improved endothelial-dependent vasodilatation.


OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacokinetics of benazepril hydrochloride tablet in chronic glomerulonephritis patients.METHODS Benazepril hydrochloride tablets were given to 30 chronic glomerulonephritis patients of a dose of 20 mg,the concentrations of benazepril and benazeprilat the essential active metabolite of benazepril were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.RESULTS The main pharmacokinetic parameters of benazepril were as the follows:AUC0-t was(72.9±30.5) μg·h·L-1,AUC0-∞ was(80.9±12.8) μg·h·L-1,Cmax was(75.8±1.6) μg·L-1,tmax was(0.81±0.12) h.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of benazeprilat were as follows:AUC0-t was(358.3±81.2) μg·h·L-1,AUC0-∞ was(402.2±23.4) μg·h·L-1,Cmax was(48.5±7.7) μg·L-1,tmax were(2.01±0.45) h.CONCLUSION The study could provide reference for clinical rational administration of benazepril hydrochloride tablet in chronic glomerulonephritis patients.


We study a coupled thermo-diffusion system that accounts for the dynamics of hot colloids in periodically heterogeneous media. Our model describes the joint evolution of temperature and colloidal concentrations in a saturated porous structure, where the Smoluchowski interactions are responsible for aggregation and fragmentation processes in the presence of Soret-Dufour type effects. Additionally, we allow for deposition and depletion on internal micro-surfaces. In this work, we derive corrector estimates quantifying the rate of convergence of the periodic homogenization limit process performed in \cite{KAM14} via two-scale convergence arguments. The major technical difficulties in the proof are linked to the estimates between nonlinear processes of aggregation and deposition and to the convergence arguments of the \emph{a priori} information of the oscillating weak solutions and cell functions in high dimensions. Essentially, we circumvent the arisen difficulties by a suitable use of the energy method and of fine integral estimates controlling interactions at the level of micro-surfaces.