TO determine whether red blood cell-mediated microinjection of antibodies can be used to study nuclear protein localization and function, we microinjected antibodies that have been shown to react specifically with nucleolar acidic phosphoprotein C23 into Walker 256 cells. The intracellular distribution of microinjected anti-C23 antibodies and preimmune immunoglobulins were determined by immunofluorescence. At 3 h after microinjection, affinity-purified anti-C23 antibodies were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleolus. At 17 h after microinjection, the affinity-purified antibody was localized to those nucleolar structures previously shown to contain protein C23. Furthermore, the antibody remained localized in the nucleolus for at least 36 h after microinjection. In contrast to the results obtained with specific antibodies, preimmune immunoglobulins remained in the cytoplasm 36 h after microinjection. These results indicate that red blood cell-mediated microinjection of antibodies can be used to study nucleolar and nuclear antigens. The introduction of individual proteins into cells by microinjection is a useful procedure for determining their functions in living cells (4, 6, 9, 12, 17, 18, 31, 38). Two methods have been used to microinject proteins into living cells: direct microneedle microinjection (8, 14) and red blood cell (RBC) ~mediated microinjection (13, 22, 34). The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques have been reviewed (5, 30). An alternative approach to microinjection of the protein of interest is microinjection of specific antibodies, with the objective of inhibiting the function of the protein (1, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 39). In previous studies nuclear proteins were microinjected into the cytoplasm of cells either by the microneedle method or by RBC-mediated fusion. Subsequently, the injected proteins passed through the nuclear envelope into the cell nucleus (2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 31, 38, 40). The movement of non-nuclear proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus appears to be regulated in part by size (2). Thus, small proteins such as myoglobin (17,000 mol wt) distribute evenly between the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas larger proteins such as BSA (67,000 mol wt) or immunoglobulins (150,000 mol wt) enter the nucleus slowly, or not at all (2). However, size does not totally limit the ability of proteins to penetrate the nuclear envelope since nucleus, nonimmune immunoglobulins and antibodies diAbbreviation used in the paper: RBC, red blood cell. 1566 the nucleus is known to contain many high molecular weight nuclear proteins (3). Although the results of previous studies would suggest that the nuclear envelope excludes immunoglobulins from the cell nucleus, nonimmune immunoglobulins and antibodies directed against non-nuclear antigens have been used to evaluate nuclear exclusion (2, 25). This approach would not, however, detect uptake and retention of small but possibly meaningful amounts of antinuclear antibodies. Therefore, to further evaluate the applicability of RBC-mediated microinjection of antinuclear antibodies, we have investigated whether specific immunoglobulins can penetrate the nuclear membrane and remain localized at sites that contain their antigens. Antibodies to the nucleolar specific phosphoprotein C23 (21, 24) and preimmune immunoglobulins were microinjected into Walker 256 cells, a rat mammary carcinoma. The localization of the microinjected antibodies was determined by immunofluorescence. Possible mechanisms for the entry of nucleolar-specific antibodies into the cell nucleus, and their subsequent retention are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Antibodies: Protein C23 was isolated from rat Novikoff hepatoma nucleoli as previously described (21). The purified protein was used to produce rabbit polyclonal antibodies (21). The serum Ig fraction was prepared by standard ammonium sulfate precipitation. For microinjection THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY • VOLUME 97 NOVEMBER 1983 1556-1572 © The Rockefeller University Press . 0021-9525/83/1 I / I 566•07 $1.00 on April 27, 2019 jcb.rupress.org Downloaded from http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.97.5.1566 Published Online: 1 November, 1983 | Supp Info:


Virtual assistant systems promise ubiquitous and straightforward access to information, applications, and physical appliances. Their foundation on intent-oriented queries and support of natural language makes them an ideal tool for human-centric applications. The general approach to build such systems and the main building blocks are well-understood and offered as off-the-shelf components. While there are prominent examples in the service sector, other sectors such as the manufacturing and process industries have nothing comparable. We investigate the practical challenges of building a virtual assistant using a representative and simplified case from of knowledge retrieval domain. A qualitative study reveals two significant obstacles: Firstly, while systems can be tuned to tackle the most relevant types of question tasks, user acceptance is lower than for comparable GUI-based systems and, secondly, a disproportional amount of effort to get all details and having a robust system. Overall, implementing a virtual assistant for an industrial application is technically feasible yet requires significant effort and understanding of the


Hypothesis / aims of study Voiding position has been reported to affect urine-flow volume relations in healthy men as well as men with benign prostatic enlargement; however the existing literature is controvertial (1-3). It is important to assess, since it may have implications in proper interpretation of results of uroflowmetry and potentially management thereof. We assessed position-related changes in uroflowmetric parameters in men with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). Study design, materials and methods Men with symptomatic BPE were enrolled after written informed consent. Patients with other diseases affecting structure or function of lower urinary tract (e.g. Diabetes Mellitus, Parkinsonism, vertebral disc prolapse, urethral stricture, bladder cancer and prostate cancer) were excluded. They underwent uroflowmetry in standardized fashion using digital uroflowmeter (Solar Silver, MMS International, the Netherlands) once in each of the three voiding positions (standing, sitting and squatting). Postvoid residual urine was measured using abdominal ultrasound (profocus, BK medical, Denmark). Results and interpretation Total 17 men with mean (± SD) age 63.9 ± 7.1 years and body mass index 23.2 ± 4.4 kg/m 2 completed the study protocol. Their mean prostate volume was 33.0 ± 12.0 ml, mean international prostatic symptom score (IPSS) 22 ± 8, mean global quality of life index (QOL) 4.0 ± 0.8. IPSS and QOL had significant correlation with absolute and corrected flow rates; the relation was strongest with absolute average flow rate. There was no statistically significant difference in any uroflow parameter with respect to voiding position (table 1).


It is formed in relatively large amounts in nuclear fission. The parent Sr90 has a half-life of about 20 years, the yttrium daughter a half -life of 61 hr. Upon ingestion, the strontium is concentrated in the bone and is eliminated slowly. The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in water for continuous ingestion (70 years) of Sr90-Y90 is 8 X 10"7 microcuries (>c) per milliliter (2). It is desirable, therefore, to have an accurate analytical method for the detection and determination of this radioisotope in low concentrations in waters used for hu-


In this paper, instability at an interface between two miscible liquids with identical mechanical properties but different electrical conductivities is analyzed in the presence of an electric field that is perpendicular to the interface. A parallel electric field case was considered in a previous work [1]. A sharp Eulerian interface is considered between the two miscible liquids. Linear stability analysis leads to an analytic solution for the critical condition of instability. The mechanism of instability is analyzed. Key differences between the perpendicular and parallel electric field cases are discussed. The effect of a microchannel geometry is studied and the relevant non-dimensional parameters are identified.


Earlier work by Pardus et al. (1990) showed that V,/V, (t,/t,) ratios, interpreted from P-wave and S-wave CMP stacks, could be used to identify dolomitized portions of the carbonate Trenton Formation at Scipio field in Michigan. (The dolomitized zones can be associated with commercial accumulations of oil.) However, the t,/t, technique requires that special field effort be made to record P-wave data and S-wave data. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve the same goal by using AVO analysis of P-wave data alone to detect the lateral changes. This involves detecting subtle AVO changes using somewhat noisy seismic data. In seeking a robust way to isolate the anomalies, we compare three techniques for P-wave AVO analysis: (1) automatic analysis of each peak and trough using Shuey's (1985) approximation, (2) interactive analysis of the relative AVO of target and reference events (Chiburis, 1987), and (3) interactive analysis of picked events followed by inversion for V, (Chou et al., 1990). For our data, the Chiburis relative-AVO technique appears to be the most robust and provides results which agree with well control, without requiring a priori information.


Summary

The strong association between sheared heels and a spontaneous quarter crack is hard to ignore. Although inappropriate farriery may play a role, limb conformation and the landing pattern of the horse appear to be the dominant factors causing this type of hoof capsule deformation. The importance of determining the underlying cause and implementing the appropriate farriery cannot be over emphasised when managing a quarter crack associated with a sheared heel. The repair of spontaneous quarter cracks will be of little value, and the defect will have a tendency to recur, unless the cause is identified and rectified.


With development of ocean exploitation, maritime rights protection, and other fields of marine information acquiring and processing, integrated underwater acoustic communication and ranging are extensively needed in applications such as underwater networking and AUV navigation and control. Because the traditional underwater ranging system usually uses a single frequency pulse signal, a conflict exists between range ambiguity and ranging accuracy. Moreover, as underwater acoustic channels pose multiple difficulties such as multipath, time-space selectivity, frequency dependent noise, and Doppler shifts, high precision ranging is a challenging mission. Considering that the spread spectrum technology features high reliability, strong anti-interference and anti-multipath capabilities and low probability of detection (LPD) capability, this paper introduces the application of the m-sequence spread spectrum technology into the integrated underwater acoustic communication and ranging function to develop a spread spectrum acoustic communication modem with ranging capability. Experimental results obtained in a physical shallow water channel demonstrate the proposed system's effectiveness.


Artificial intelligence presents some marvellous opportunities for the public service. SEAN AUDAIN from Wellington City Council gives a summary of some of these along with the unique challenges.


is decisional forgiveness, which is making a behavioral intention statement—that is, saying to myself, "This is how I intend to act next time I see the person"—not to get revenge but instead to treat the person as a valued and valuable person. But we can make a sincere decision to forgive and stick by it for the rest of our lives and still feel resentful and angry when we think about how someone offended or hurt us. So, there must be a second type of forgiveness, which I call emotional forgiveness. This is replacing negative unforgiving emotions with positive other-oriented emotions, like empathy, sympathy, compassion or love for the person


A guide that allows managers to develop their counselling skills with the aid of self-assessment questionnaires, checklists and case studies. The text describes how to recognize a situation where counselling is necessary, how to deal with grievances, and how to give constructive criticism.


To determine the wheel dynamics of the mobile machine, a sensor has been developed, which consists of a three-axis accelerometer, a three-axis gyroscope, and a three-axis magnetometer. The sensor is connected to the microcontroller, which transmits the data received via the 2.4 GHz channel. It is attached coaxially to the center of the wheel. In the first step of processing data from the accelerometer and gyroscope, their values are corrected. The corrected acceleration signal and angular velocities are processed using a Butterworth filter. Madgwick filter determines the angles of orientation of the sensor in space. In the next step, the authors deduct the centrifugal component from accelerations. Further, the gravitational component is subtracted from the accelerations to get its real value. The wheel speed is obtained by integrating accelerations. Angular wheel speed and accelerations are processed with a Kalman filter. The outcomes of experimental studies of the proposed method and sensor to determine the wheel dynamics on the tractors with 4x4 wheel formula have been analyzed.


We respond to the previous Comment by Mead and Truhlar pointing out a circularity in our published analysis of a trajectory passing through a locally avoided intersection of potential energy surfaces in a two state system. We did not distinguish clearly in that analysis between properties of the physical system and those of our model for it. Our ''reduction'' to a one‐dimensional problem is rather a ''mapping'' onto a one‐dimensional model. We present a clearer description of the actual procedures we used to demonstrate that our method is valid for the types of systems to which we have applied it.


Food safety seeks to strike a balance between guaranteeing a high level of pubic health, environmental and consumer protection, while at the same time providing a stable regulatory environment for actors in the food chain. Food safety challenges relate to cross-cutting issues such as globalisation and climate change, as well as to specific cases – e.g. persistent episodes of food borne illness, Endocrine Disruptors and nanotechnology, particularly in the context of current and future regulation and non-regulatory actions. This document was provided by Policy Department A for the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Committee (ENVI).


Under an ESA development contract, Dornier Satellitensysteme have developed and tested a new Hall-effect current sensor for applications in space power systems. The new sensor combines the advantages of both conventional Hall-effect current sensor technologies: low power consumption regardless of sensed current (open loop system) and high accuracy and bandwidth (closed loop system). A compact and robust mechanical design anti the proven electrical performance open a broad field of applications, i.e. within the current control loop of battery discharge regulators, motor control amplifiers or high frequency inverters. The sensor will be utilized in the power control unit of the German satellite CHAMP and is assigned for the NASA/JPL mission GRACE. This paper outlines the working principle of the sensor, describes the electrical and mechanical design and presents the development test results.


This paper proposes and theoretically demonstrates OCDMA-WDM-PON system supporting 16, 000–32, 000 available subscribers. Chaotic spread spectrum sequences are investigated to break a new path for encoding. Simulation results indicate that 10−12 BER can be achieved.


Objective:The antioxidant activity of the ursolic acid was studied.Methods:The method of Pyrograllol autoxidation and Feton system was used to determine the scavenging capacity of superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl free radical of ursolic acid.Results:The experiment showed that the ursolic acid had significiant scavenging activity on superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl free radical.The highest scavenging rate of superoxide anion radical was 88.42%,but was weaker than same concentration of VC.The highest scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radical was 86.35%,and was stronger than mannitol.Conclusion:The antioxidant activity of ursolic acid is very significiant.


We consider the numerical stability/instability of fast algorithms for solving systems of linear equations or linear least squares problems with a low displacement-rank structure. For example, the matrices involved may be Toeplitz or Hankel. In particular, we consider algorithms which incorporate pivoting without destroying the structure, such as the Gohberg-Kailath-Olshevsky (GKO) algorithm, and describe some recent results on the stability of these algorithms. We also compare these results with the corresponding stability results for algorithms based on the semi-normal equations and for the well known algorithms of Schur/Bareiss and Levinson.


This selection offers insights into Henry Salt, the humanitarian reformer whose thinking was so far ahead of his generation, the biographer and critic whose essays and books were highly influential and the poet whose wit and perception could "turn a rhyme and overturn a fool". A child of privilege in Victorian England, Henry S. Salt (1851-1939) relinquished his conventional life as an Eton master to live and work for causes such as animals' rights, vegetarianism, socialism, conservation and other humanitarian movements now better understood than they were during his lifetime. Salt was also a committed man of letters, writing on Shelley, Thoreau, De Quincey and James Thomson ("B.V.") amongst others. His friendships included Edward Carpenter, Mahatma Gandhi and George Bernard Shaw. This anthology celebrates the anniversary of a remarkable and compassionate man who may be said to have died at least 50 years before his time.


Credit is becoming more and more important for consumers in China as both Internet Economy and consumer finance are booming in the recent years. However, more than 2/3 people in China do not have credit records because they have never been to banks, thus leading to the difficulty of making credit risk evaluation for them. With big data time coming, a lot of alternative data shed light on the financial inclusion for these unbanked people. Mobile phone data is deemed to be a good type of alternative data for credit scoring. So in this research, collaborating with China Telecom and Cignifi, we develop a new credit score based on mobile phone data, which is believed to be widely used in China in the near future.


I have three goals for this lecture. The first is to introduce one of the most important familes of graphs: expander graphs. They are the source of much combinatorial power, and the counterexample to numerous conjectures. We will become acquainted with these graphs by examining random walks on them. To facilitate the analysis of random walks, we will examine these graphs through their adjacency matrices.


After a brief recall of 3D Long Range phased array concepts, the focus is on the G-band multifunction radar systems and on the technological capabilities that the Land&Naval Division of Selex ES is developing by taking advantage of its Research and Development facilities. At the end, future trends about new challenging applications and technological issues are presented and discussed.


Film is one of the most powerful tools for communicating science to peers and the general public. Recently, there has been a boom in demand for science films. To satisfy the demand for science films, universities and scientific institutes are now increasingly teaching their scientists and students how to produce their own films via accredited science filmmaking courses, which now form part of science communication programs. These courses are producing what I define as a new generation of scientists-as-filmmakers—that is, scientists who integrate filmmaking into their academic preparation, albeit in a nonprofessional way. The aim of this article is (1) to describe the boom of this new generation of scientists-as-filmmakers and (2) to use common traits and conventions to classify and analyze the science filmmaking courses offered by Swiss universities and research institutes. This study could help promote a new generation of scientists-as-filmmakers and stimulate other countries to design specific programs for training scientists in science filmmaking.


This research is attempted to investigate incipient bearing faults using Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) applying on Acoustic Emission data set. HHT analyses the AE signal using intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which are extracted using the process of empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Spectral kurtosis is incorporate to detect non linear and non stationary signal features from different frequency band using forth order moment of IMF. Proposed concept is not looking for frequency band with maximum energy distribution with time but frequency band where sudden impulse will take place so incipient defect response can easily identified. This concept is validated with healthy bearing, bearing with inner race defect and outer race defect at different speeds. Also, Comparison is made with traditional envelop analysis based on fast kurtogram and HHT. The experimental results show that the proposed concept is a validated tool to develop an efficient On-line fault diagnosis system to diagnose the incipient bearing faults with Acoustic emission. Key word: Ball bearing, Acoustic Emission, Hilbert Huang Transform, Spectral Kurtosis


Latent SNR margin in optical transport networks is investigated using performance monitoring SDN applications. An observed network can increase capacity by 13.8%, maintaining ≥:1 dB of SNR margin at full fill without modifying any equipment.


Hayek strongly defends individual freedom, advocates free competition and market order, and he is strongly against the intervention of state's mandatory plan instruction. His whole social theory is concentrated on the discussion of free thought, and he emphatically expounded the importance and significance of individual freedom. The thought of justice, as the important part of his social theory, is the defense for individual freedom, so we can say that freedom is the end-result of justice. This article firstly talks about the connotation of justice and freedom and then extends to the standards, basis of distribution of justice until the contradiction of justice and free society, and then figure out the end-result of justice, namely free point of view.


10 Chinese herbs,Polygonum cuspidatum S,Punica granatum L,Portulaca oleracea L,Melia azadarach L,Pheum officinale B,Viola yedoensls M,Scutellaria baicalensis G,Rhus chinensis M,Lonicera japonica T and Coptis chinensis F,were comminuted into 5 ~ 10 μm powder with ultra-pulverization and then tested the susceptibility against 18 pathogenic bacteria of eel with agar dilution method.The results showed that all the above 10 traditional Chinese herbs had good inhibition effects on the 17 pathogenic bacteria strains.The average MIC of those 10 herbs against the 17 pathogenic was between 0.165 mg/mL and 128 mg/mL,and the average MBC was between 0.210 mg/mL and 128 mg/mL.The average MIC of 5 herbs which was more effective against the 17 pathogenic was less than 2 mg/mL,and the average MBC was less than 3 mg/mL.The results provided scientific references for determination of the herbs concentrations in the diet of eel to prevention of pathogenic bacteria infection.


The first and still one of the most widely cited models of noncooperative oligopoly behavior is the Cournot model, developed by the French mathematician Augustin Cournot in 1838. The Cournot model is the fundamental model used to study strategic interactions among quantity-setting firms in an imperfectly competitive market. In the last two decades, there has been an explosion of Cournotbased models of strategic behavior to analyze various real-world phenomena ranging from horizontal mergers to intra-industry trade. A proper understanding of the Cournot model of imperfect competition and strategic interactions among firms in various contexts is thus essential. The Cournot model is an integral part of undergraduate microeconomics and industrial organization textbooks. The typical approach is to first use market demand and cost functions to derive the "reaction functions" or the "bestresponse functions" of two competing firms. Next, these reaction functions are drawn together on the same graph to determine their intersection point, which corresponds to the equilibrium quantities. Finally, the equilibrium quantities are substituted in the demand function to determine the equilibrium price and the equilibrium profits of the firms (see, Carlton and Perloff 1994; Eaton and Eaton 1995; Katz and Rosen 1994; Mansfield 1994; Martin 1993; Pindyck and Rubinfeld 1995; Salvatore 1997; Schotter 1997; Varian 1996).


Objective: To evaluate the effect of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride with propofol analgesia on the postoperative pain in painless artificial abortion.Methods: One hundred ASA I-II patients undergoing artificial abortion were randomly assigned to two groups(n=50 each): control group(con) were was administrated propofol 2.5mg/kg alone.Treatment group was administrated intravenously Penehyclidine Hydrochloride 1mg followed by propofol 2.5mg/kg 30minutes later.The speed of intravenously injection of propofol was 5mg/s in two groups.Results: The VAS scores at immediate time of awaked from anesthesia,15min and 30min after that were(3.13± 0.15)、(2.02±0.11)and(0.87±0.09),respectively,in treatment group,which were significantly shorter than(4.47±0.35)、(2.02± 0.11)and(2.01±0.12)in control grouo(P0.01).Conclusion: Penehyclidine Hydrochloride combined with propofol anesthesia can effectively relieve the postoperative pain of artificial abortion.


The possibility of conceiving the nullity as a pre-contractual remedy in Chilean Civil Code exploring its relationship with termination, analyzing it´s articulation and exercise modality and explores its possible confluence with the resolution for non-compliance with the purpose of illustrating to the creditor the pertinence and convenience to choose it and determine if provides a symmetrical protection than the resolution.


An analysis of the micromechanical elastic fields arising in the single fibre fragmentation test, carried out employing the Boundary Element Method, is presented in this paper. The main objective of the work is to study the initiation and growth of a debond crack along the fibre-matrix interface, and its influence on the axial stresses along the fibre. Two different models have been considered: the open crack model (which, although is clearly unrealistic in this particular case, give some acceptable results) and the closed crack model (excluding and including the effect of friction between crack faces). The asymptotic behaviour of stresses and displacements in the vicinity of the crack tips are studied, first, for a crack splitting the fibre and, second, for a debond crack. ÁREAS TEMÁTICAS PROPUESTAS: Fractura de Materiales Compuestos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Método de los Elementos de Contorno, Materiales Compuestos, Grietas de Interfase.


Si doped ZnO thin films with Si concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 10 % have been grown by sequential pulsed laser deposition on sapphire substrates. The resistivity of the films first decreased from ~ 6.6x10-3 to 4.7x10-4 ohm-cm as the Si concentration was increased from ~ 0.4 to 2% and then it increased with further increase in Si concentration. The electron concentrations in the films were in the range from 3x1019 to 4x1020 cm-3 showing their degenerate nature. However, temperature dependent resistivity measurements in the range from 300 to 4.2 K revealed negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) for the 0.4, 6 and 10% Si doped ZnO films in the entire measurement temperature range. The 0.6, 0.9 and 2% Si doped films showed a transition from negative to positive TCR with increasing temperature. The negative magnetoresistance found in the films at low temperatures and 0.5 T magnetic field pointed to weak localization as the dominant contributor towards negative TCR. A quantitative fit of the temperature dependent resistivity data for all the films could be obtained by considering the quantum correction to conductivity arising due to disorder induced weak localization effect.


An advance towards meeting the need for microwave permittivity measurements of substrates is represented by the resonant mde dielectrmter (RMD), Fig.lb. The RMD is an evolution frun the evanescent mde dielectrmter (EMD), which is related to other evanescent resonators. These methods use the lowest resonance of the TE-01 cylindrical waveguide mode; and as a result, no metalization of the specimen is required. Only the EMD and RMi) are suitable for measuring thin sanples of any shape but large enough in area.


The invention discloses a method enabling a touchpad to achieve functions of a handwriting board and a mouse simultaneously. The method comprises the following steps that: (A) a connecting state of the touchpad is detected in real time by an operation system; (B) when the operation system detects that the connecting state of the touchpad is in wired connection, a handwriting mode or a touchpad mode is started according to a starting state of a mode conversion key; and (C) when the operation system detects that the wired connection state of the touchpad is disconnected, wireless connection is started and a mouse mode or the handwriting board mode is started according to a folding state of the touchpad. The method is capable of enabling the touchpad to achieve the functions of the handwriting board and the mouse simultaneously, using modes and scenes are rich and various, mutual convention modes among the functions are simple and convention is easy to operate, the mouse and the handwriting board are not required to be arranged additionally by a user and therefore repeat and waste of resources are avoided.


A two year retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2015 it is an attempt to know the incidence of asphyxial deaths at Bidar institute of medical sciences, Bidar. During this period there were 772 deaths out of which 132 deaths were of asphyxial deaths. Asphyxial death forms one of the modes of death which may be suicidal, homicidal or accidental in nature. The most common form of asphyxial death in our study was hanging followed by drowning. The incidences of asphyxial deaths were more in males than females in the ratio of 1.7: 1. These cases were studied to know age and sex distribution of the victims. In this study, we found that among asphyxial deaths hanging were more 83 (62.87%) followed by drowning 41 (31.06%), strangulation 06 (4.54%) and others respectively. Appropriate education, influencing the media in their portrayal of suicidal news, reporting method, involvement of young generations in encouraging activities may reduce the rate of suicidal deaths in future.


Some effects of cationic charge density distribution on single water molecule dissociation of [M(H2O)6]3+ clusters with M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni have been investigated using first-principles study. The molecular structures, molecular binding energies, hydration enthalpies, cation and water molecules orbitals, infrared vibrational frequencies, and potential energy surfaces/curves had been computed to fulfill the purpose of research. Our investigation results have revealed that the hollow shape of charge density of central Cr(III) makes the Cr-O bonds rigid as indicated by a higher activation energy for releasing one water molecule from [Cr(H2O)6]3+. The isotropic charge density of Fe(III) affects in lowering water rotational rigidities which is responsible for augmenting the activation energy, while the cones-shape charge density of Ni(III) weakens the ion-dipole interactions by increasing interactions between nearest neighbour water molecules.


In aprotic solvents, kinetics of the reaction of triphenylphosphine with acrylic acid is second order in the acid and first order in the phosphine. To find the most suitable model to describe the solvent effect on this reaction, the third-order rate constants in a series of 16 aprotic solvents were analyzed using one- and multiparameter regressions within the framework of the Kamlet–Taft, the Catalan, the Gutmann–Mayer, and the Koppel–Palm equations. The best result gives a two-parameter model constructed on the basis of the Reichardt polarity ET and the basicity B from the Koppel–Palm equation, with the weak positive effect of the ET parameter on the reaction rate and very strong negative effect of the B parameter. The results obtained give further evidence to the previously suggested a stepwise mechanism, which involves the initial formation of a zwitterionic intermediate, followed by the proton transfer from the second molecule of acrylic acid to the generated carbanionic center in the rate-determining step.


The National Research Universal (NRU) reactor is a 130MW, low pressure, heavy water cooled and moderated research reactor. The reactor is used for research, both in support of Canada's CANDU development program, and for a wide variety of other research applications. In addition, NRU plays an important part in the production of medical isotopes, e.g., generating 80% of worldwide supplies of Molybdenum-99.


This article presents the theoretical foundation of a new frontier of research-`LP Mixed Data Science'-that simultaneously extends and integrates the practice of traditional and novel statistical methods for nonparametric exploratory data modeling, and is applicable to the teaching and training of statistics.
Statistics journals have great difficulty accepting papers unlike those previously published. For statisticians with new big ideas a practical strategy is to publish them in many small applied studies which enables one to provide references to work of others. This essay outlines the many concepts, new theory, and important algorithms of our new culture of statistical science called LP MIXED DATA SCIENCE. It provides comprehensive solutions to problems of data analysis and nonparametric modeling of many variables that are continuous or discrete, which does not yet have a large literature. It develops a new modeling approach to nonparametric estimation of the multivariate copula density. We discuss the theory which we believe is very elegant (and can provide a framework for United Statistical Algorithms, for traditional Small Data methods and Big Data methods).


The standard model in particle physics implies some contradictions on symmetries.The three generations of quarklepton deviate from the SU(3) symmetry,and should form six symmetrical SU(2)groups.According to the complete symmetry,on the analogy of an isospin doublet ud(I=1/2),we obtain various symmetrical isospin doublets:cs,tb,and three generations of lepton (ve-e,vμ-μ,vτ-τ).But it differs from that s and c quarks are two isospin singles (I=0).We introduce a new composite quantum number F=IS,which can uniquely represent various baryons.In particle physics these are some basic contradictions between shortrange(strong and weak)interactions and interfacting distances,and between coupled energy and stability on nucleon and meson,both consist of the same quarks.Moreover,the supersting possesses a macroscopic mass Δm=2.209×10-2g;and according to the symmetry of leptons,three neutrinos may not oscillate,and should be decay vτ→vμ→ve.


It is noted that the sum of planar diagrams in QCD 4 is not a sum of poles, contrary to the literature. Implications for chiral soliton models are discussed


By studying solutions of various forms of the Poggio–Miller–Chang–Harrington–Wu–Tsai (PMCHWT)-based characteristic mode (CM) formulations, we have found that the proper choice of the weighting operator of the generalized eigenvalue equation is crucial in developing formulations that are immune from spurious solutions. Spurious modes of the Chang–Harrington surface formulation for CMs of lossless material bodies are shown to be solutions of a reverse problem where the material parameters of the background and the object are swapped. These unwanted modes can be avoided by removing the integral operators of the interior of the object from the weighting operator of the generalized eigenvalue equation. We also illustrate that to obtain physically meaningful eigenvalues with orthogonal far-field patterns, it is necessary to define that weighting operator so that it connects the eigensolutions to radiated power.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Engineer District, Galveston (SWG), is investigating methods to reduce ship effects in the Atkinson Island Mooring Basin (AIMB) from ship traffic in the Houston Ship Channel. The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) assisted SWG in this investigation. A field study was conducted first to gain an understanding of the ship effects that are causing mooring problems in the AIMB and collect ship effects data to be used to validate the numerical model HIVEL2D to the existing conditions in the Houston Ship Channel. The numerical model successfully reproduced the results from the field experiments and was then used to evaluate dike designs with the new AIMB channel. Several dike designs were evaluated and a 3300-ft-long dike with the centerline of the dike located 500 ft west of the centerline of the AIMB channel was found to be effective in minimizing ship effects in the basin. End sections placed on the dike with a 150-ft opening at the entrances to the basin further reduced the water-level variations inside the basin during ship transits. The dike design bw14 included these features and was recommended for installation at the project.


UNLABELLED
Technetium-99-MAG3 is a renal tubular function agent. However, sporadic liver and gallbladder visualization have raised questions about kit stability, impurities and nonrenal routes of excretion. To address these issues, studies were conducted to optimize the labeling efficiency of the TechneScan MAG3 kit and to evaluate the hepatobiliary excretion of the MAG3 complex.

METHODS
Thirty-six vials of the commercial formulation of 99mTc-MAG3 were prepared according to manufacturer's instructions and evaluated for radiochemical purity using two methods: a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and paper chromatography (HPLC/PC); and the manufacturer's miniature chromatography system (Sep-Pak procedure).

RESULTS
The labeling efficiency was significantly higher when the kit was reconstituted with 10 ml (96.6%) of saline versus 5 ml (91.4%) (p < 0.01). The radiochemical purity of the kits remained stable for up to 6 hr, but the purity determined by Sep-Pak averaged 2.5% higher than that determined by HPLC procedures (p < 0.01). Rat studies to evaluate renal and hepatobiliary elimination of MAG3 showed no difference in the %ID excreted into the urine by 60 min in all groups of animals studied. However, the %ID excreted into the bile was significantly higher for the kit formulation than the HPLC-purified MAG3, 9.9% versus 6.6% (p = 0.0475).

CONCLUSION
The radiochemical purity of the TechneScan MAG3 kit can be improved by reconstituting with larger volumes. In addition, the studies in rats suggest that fasting or kit impurities may be a contributing factor to increased hepatobiliary visualization in patient studies.


: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) has significantly increased over the last few decades and has become a main health challenge worldwide. Prevalence of MS is quickly rising in developing countries due to changing lifestyle. It was considered worthwhile to study MS and its components in granite workers since granite factories are situated in and around Khammam area. Moreover, no studies of MS in granite workers have been reported in literature. OBJECTIVES: Aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in granite workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 210 male workers in the age group of 20-50 working in granite industries located in and around the Khammam town of Telangana State are selected for the present study. Blood pressures (BP), waist circumference (WC) were measured. Fasting blood samples were collected for the estimation of glucose and lipids. RESULTS: 69 subjects out of 210 were identified as having MS based on updated National cholesterol education programme- Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) guidelines. CONCLUSION: MS should be identified and remedial measures may be suggested, so that the risk of hypertension, cardiovascular risk, diabetes and the resultant morbidity is minimized and can be delayed. five minutes apart was taken. A fasting venous blood sample was obtained after 12 hours of overnight fast for glucose serum triglycerides (TG) and high HDL-C was performed. Glucose was estimated using Glucose Oxidase and peroxidase method, Triglycerides by Glycerol-3-P-Oxidase method and HDL-Cholesterol by Phosphotungstate precipitation method using Tulip fully automated analyzer. RESULTS: Sixty nine granite workers out of 210 were affected with MS and the percentage was 33. Elevated BP was observed in 85 workers. 61 out of total 210 workers showed elevated Waist Circumference (WC). Elevated glucose was observed in 42 granite workers. Triglycerides was increased in 52 workers and 25 % of workers shown reduced HDL-C. Statistical percentage was done based on the percentage.


A method to predict thermal stress of a concrete slab was developed in this study. In this method, temperatures and thermal stresses in a concrete slab are predicted by solving a one-dimensional heat transfer equation with the control volume method and three-dimensional finite element method (3DFEM). Predicted temperatures were compared with those measured in various regions in Japan to validate the method. The thermal strains calculated with 3DFEM were also compared with those measured in test concrete pavement slabs to confirm the method's validity. The relative frequencies of thermal stress for one year were obtained from the calculated stresses. In thin slabs (20 and 23 cm), tensile thermal stress at the bottom was greater than those estimated with the current thermal stress equation, which considers internal stress due to the nonlinearity of the temperature profile in the slab. In thick slabs (25 and 30 cm), by contrast, the current thermal stress equation gave almost the same thermal stress as the finite element method did, although the peak time for the maximum tensile stress was delayed in the thick slabs. The proposed method can be applied to a variety of concrete pavement structures under various temperature conditions.


Invariants of wave systems and web geometry by A. M. Balk and E. V. Ferapontov Stability of weak-turbulence Kolmogorov spectra by A. M. Balk and V. E. Zakharov Energy transfer in the spectrum of surface gravity waves by resonance five wave-wave interactions by V. A. Kalmykov Wave resonances in systems with discrete spectra by E. Kartashova Hamiltonian formalism for Rossby waves by L. I. Piterbarg Weakly nonlinear waves on the surface of an ideal finite depth fluid by V. E. Zakharov.


Corruption is considered as the most challenging issues of present economies of the world due to its impact on institutions, values and the sustainable development. It restricts almost all form of economic activities through redirecting the finance into unpredictable directions and weakens the economics system which locked as many countries continued to fail in controlling the corruption significantly. According to the World Corruption Perception Index (2018) India stands 78th rank out of 180 countries surveyed even after numerous policies adopted from the independence by the government of India to rectify it. Corruption is a behavioral aspect and the available literature on interlinking of corruption behavior and the Economics behind it are not well documented connecting various theories and their application of controlling corruption which triggers a call for integrated attempt to enquire into the behavioral Economics of corruption and to identify the relevant solution to rectify it. This paper is attempted to fill this gap in research by exploring the behavior of corruption in the light of the micro economic theory of consumer behavior called Bandwagon effect in the society. The paper identify the interlink age among corruption behavior, and bandwagon effect and the Economics of information and explored that how the (includes asymmetric) information can be fine tuned towards mitigating the bandwagon effect and corruption.


In the wake of European border removal, scholars have been puzzled by the slow and limited Europeanization of everyday life. Only a small group of Europeans with high socio-economic status regularly interact across borders. However, we do not know well how these socio-economic differences come about, and by which country-level characteristics they are influenced. This article asks whether social inequalities of transnational interactions exist already among secondary schoolchildren, and which country-level factors promote transnational interactions and moderate their stratification. Relying on a multi-level analysis of the International Civics and Citizenship Study in 21 European states in 2009, it shows that parental socio-economic status influences transnational interactions of their offspring in almost all countries analysed. Second, economic differences also matter across countries, youth living in wealthier economies being more transnational. At the same time, economic prosperity serves as an 'elevator' that decreases the socio-economic differences in transnational behaviour.


According to the present S-shape accelerate/decelerate,analyzing the factors that affect the real machining,design a real-time looking-forward NURBS interpolation algorithm which can forecast the decelerating point based on S-shape accelerate/decelerate,solving the problem of the traditional way to calculate decelerating point which accompanied with error.This algorithm has a look-ahead interpolation and a real-time interpolation,firstly,the curve is dividing into some segments according to the different curvature movement after looking-ahead.The real-time interpolation is doing within the segments with a looking-forward process which can forcast the starting point of the third stage to the S-shape A/D.By the results of simulations,it demonstrated that this interpolator can get a smooth feedrate and accelerate profile with high machining accuracy.


While Asians only make up about 6% of the United States (US) population, they account for 60% of the country's hepatitis B infections, and among those that are infected, nearly 2 in 3 do not know their status. Left untreated, chronic hepatitis B infections can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Previously, the Hepatitis B Foundation (HBF), which aims to find a cure for the disease and improve quality of life for those impacted, reported that the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in a community sample from Greater Philadelphia comprised predominantly of first‐generation Americans from the Western Pacific Region was 7.9%. Greater Philadelphia is a region composed of five counties and includes the City of Philadelphia. Within the City of Philadelphia, the sixth‐largest city in the US, more than one‐third of chronic hepatitis B infections are found in Asians, who make up about 8% of the population. Screening, which involves testing blood for hepatitis B antigens and antibodies, can identify asymptomatic infections and allow for treatment or monitoring to prevent disease progression. Additionally, screening can be used to trigger the identification of close contacts and educate individuals about preventing transmission. In prior work, we identified lack of knowledge about hepatitis B and available resources, limited English proficiency, concerns about costs, time constraints, discrimination, and stigma as barriers to screening and health care for Asians. Screening can increase when recommended by trusted family members or health professionals and when awareness of hepatitis B increases, and community‐ based screening programs can leverage linguistic and cultural connections to provide relevant health education, screening, and referral to care. Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the HBF and the Asian Pacific American Medical Student Association (APAMSA) chapters at the University of Pennsylvania and Thomas Jefferson University partnered with community organizations to provide free screenings at community health fairs throughout Greater Philadelphia. At these events, we educated and screened 300–500 people per year in settings where they naturally congregated (e.g., community centers, religious centers). While the COVID‐19 pandemic threatened to exacerbate existing health disparities by leading to the cancelation of in‐person events and limiting access to education, screening, and care, the increased use of digital communication tools (e.g., Zoom) and virtual programming during this period presented an opportunity to work with community organizations remotely. To that end, we sought to describe the implementation and outcomes of a remote hepatitis B screening program that HBF and APAMSA designed and implemented to overcome COVID‐19 pandemic‐related disruptions to community‐based screenings for Asians in Greater Philadelphia.


Abstract We investigate the compatibility of a null model H 0 with the data by calculating a p value; that is, the probability, under H 0, that a given test statistic T exceeds its observed value. When the null model consists of a single distribution, the p value is readily obtained, and it has a uniform distribution under H 0. On the other hand, when the null model depends on an unknown nuisance parameter θ one must somehow get rid of θ, (e.g., by estimating it) to calculate a p value. Various proposals have been suggested to "remove" θ, each yielding a different candidate p value. But unlike the simple case, these p values typically are not uniformly distributed under the null model. In this article we investigate their asymptotic distribution under H 0. We show that when the asymptotic mean of the test statistic T depends on θ, the posterior predictive p value of Guttman and Rubin, and the plug-in p value are conservative (i.e., their asymptotic distributions are more concentrated around 1/2 than a uniform), with the posterior predictive p value being the more conservative. In contrast, the partial posterior predictive and conditional predictive p values of Bayarri and Berger are asymptotically uniform. Furthermore, we show that the discrepancy p value of Meng and Gelman and colleagues can be conservative, even when the discrepancy measure has mean 0 under the null model. We also describe ways to modify the conservative p values to make their distributions asymptotically uniform.


Decrease of energy intensity of products is an actual task for all the industries, including steel industry. One of the best solutions to increase energy efficiency of heating facilities is application of recuperative and regenerative burners, which ensure high temperature of air heating. Such high temperatures cannot be achieved at application of heating systems based on central recuperator. It was shown that many countries accomplish studies to perfect recuperative burners and simulation of their thermal operation. However at present there are no universally recognized methodologies of calculation and designing of such equipment. Results of studies presented, which were implemented in three methodologies intended for heat calculation and selection of rational parameters of regenerative burners operation. The methodologies enable also to determine a fuel utilization coefficient for a furnace system based on regenerative burners, to estimate competitiveness of solutions at creation new and modernization existing furnaces comparing with utilization of modern central recuperators. Comparative simplicity of the mathematical apparatus used in the methodologies highlighted, as well as correspondence of the used calculated expressions to the physical nature of the processes taking place. Besides, the methodologies enable during calculation to set the values of important characteristics, which can be reached based on determination of values of basic structure parameters of lining. A scheme of joint application of the elaborated methodologies proposed.


This paper discusses the cult of relics and saints in Lombardy under Visconti rule during the second half of the fourteenth century through the study of the influence of the artistic patronage of Emperor Charles IV and his devotion to the relics under the patronage of the Visconti and in their entourage. It highlights similarities in the politico-religious use of relics and in the veneration of saints by the Bohemian lord and the lords of Milan to legitimize their respective dynasties. Similarly, the Visconti, through the cult of St. John the Baptist in Monza and their interest in Theodolinda's treasure, consolidated their dynasty, linking its legitimacy with the Lombard reign approved by St. John the Baptist - reflecting the motives underlying the devotion to Saint Wenceslas and the importance given to relics by Charles IV. The concept of beata stirps intrinsic in the promotion of Charles IV's cult of St. Wenceslas was absent, however, from the Visconti cult of saints. During the second half of the fourt...


The process of recovery from alcohol and other drug addiction is not well understood. This affects our treatment systems and how we support people in recovery. This thesis develops a framework for understanding recovery and a tool to assist the process.


In this paper we review methods for the recognition and classification of mu sical timbre. Although the human ear, especially that of well-trained listeners and musicians, is highly capable of recognizing the sounds of musical instruments using several cues including attack and timbre -- the problem of building an automatic system for sound recognition appears to be a challenging one. Various results are reported in the literature but they are highly dependent on the conditions of the experiment, such as database length, number of instruments. The timbre attribute of a sound is characterized by the spectral envelope. Most timbre recognition methods are based on the extraction of cepstral coefficients arranged on a perceptual scale, which allows us to separate the contribution of the fine harmonic structure from the spectral envelope. A well -suited perceptual representation is given by the mel scale, on which the Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) method is based. The MFCC of reference sounds in a database are employed to build a sound classifier. This has been experimented in two directions: a non linear classifier, based on a trainable neural network and a statistical pattern classifier based on data mining techniques. The first method uses a neural network based on the Self Organizing Map (after Kohonen), which performs a non linear bidimensional projection. The map is trained on a set of timbres from 30 musical instruments and generates a timbral space identified by the firing patterns of the excited neurons. In the second approach, more suited to a classification task, the dimensionality of the original space of MFCC parameters is reduced by using projections based on principal components analysis (PCA). Good results are obtained in the clustering process by using a drastical reduction to a bidimensional parameter space.


This paper describes a program that uses undergraduates as teaching assistants to staff large computer science classes, particularly at the introductory level. Creating such a program at a state school presented special challenges, but the program has become a mainstay for the department's undergraduate program. The program has been so successful that we have expanded it to cover some sophomore and junior level courses, including a discrete mathematics course. Among the benefits of the program are reduced overall cost, improved quality of instruction, the formation of an undergraduate community and the practical experience that the undergraduate teaching assistants themselves gain.


This opinion addresses three scenarios that arise in the context of a syndicated loan, a fluid situation that presents unique and demanding conflict of interest issues. The examples discussed present situations that relatively few lawyers regularly encounter, and as such, the State Bar's Standing Committee on Professional Ethics (the "Committee") believes that some discussion of terminology is appropriate


A primary means of demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bridge materials is via in situ bridge load testing. For this study, the prescribed or assumed design factors for each of the study bridges were compared to those exhibited by the performance of the bridge. Specifically, the wheel load distribution factors and impact factors as defined by AASHTO were considered in order to assess the load transfer and distribution in structures utilizing FRP panels. The in situ testing configurations for the study bridges are outlined, including the truck and instrumentation placement to obtain the desired information. Furthermore, comparisons were drawn between the design values for deflection and those experienced by the structures during testing. It was found that although the deflections exhibited by the bridges were well within the design limits, further research is needed to be able to prescribe bridge design factors for FRP panels.


This paper introduces the performance,characteristic,data transmission and structure of FM24CL04 and presents a software method using C51 simulates and FM24CL04 communication.C language function is realized in ZLT-S1 Release Action Consistent Tester.


Based on some results of the fuzzy network computation and competitive analysis, the online fuzzy most reliable path problem (OFRP) is originally proposed by our team. In this paper, the preliminaries about the fuzzy most reliable path and competitive analysis are given first. Following that, the mathematical model of OFRP is established. In this realistic model, two kinds of uncertainties, namely online and fuzzy, are combined to be considered at the same time. Then some online fuzzy algorithms are developed to address the OFRP and the rigorous proofs of the competitive analysis are given in detail. Finally, some possible research directions about the OFRP are discussed and the conclusions are made


This paper presents the case of a recently downsized and centralized IT function as it finds its way within a reforming Carlsberg Group after multiple major international acquisitions. In this cont...


This specific graduate work deals with the meaning of the capacity of active citizen, which becomes obvious with the image she appears in modern reality. Firstly, this capacity is connected with the capacity of citizen within the democratic society. Then, it is a part of the society of citizens, which is characterized by free expression, offer and participatory action of its members. Finally, this capacity can be applied through the educational process, during which the trainees, through self-sufficiency develop their co-operation and interact socially, with the appropriate help of teachers. Therefore, a plan project with the subject «Active citizen and Diet» was applied in a Kindergarten and it helped the infants to adopt the capacity of active citizen. Λέξεις-κλειδιά: ιδιότητα του πολίτη, ενεργός πολίτης, κοινωνία των πολιτών, εκπαίδευση και διατροφή.


Boni iudicatio . The uses of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice in Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy Abstract The traditional interpretation of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice in the Consolation of Philosophy is concerned with the soul's possibility of turning to the original principles and liberating itself from the constraints of this world. The present paper deepens this interpretation, underlining a Neoplatonic in uence in Boethius' discourse, clearly visible from the imperatives of a theory of knowledge originating in Plotinian soteriology. Accordingly, the paper illustrates an unexpected meaning of the myth in the light of Plotinus' theory of self-forgetfulness preceding all acts of knowledge. The soteriological sense of the myth is thereby connected with the ancient and medieval dispute concerning the return of conscience upon itself. Boethius' position in this context will also be clari ed. Keywords : Myth of Orpheus and Eurydice; self-consciousness; Neoplatonism; Boethian tradition. Medieval Authors : Boethius; Fulgentius of Ruspe; Remigius of Auxerre; Reginon of Prum; William of Conches. Resume L'interpretation traditionnelle du mythe d'Orphee et d'Eurydice dans la Consolation de la Philosophie a relation est avec la possibilite de l'âme a se tourner vers les premiers principes et de se liberer des contraintes de ce monde. Le present article approfondit cette interpretation, soulignant l'existence d'une in uence neoplatonicienne dans le discours de Boece, bien visible depuis les imperatifs de la theorie de la connaissance qui a ses origines dans la soteriologie plotinienne. Ainsi, l'article fait evident un sens inattendu du mythe a la lumiere de la theorie de Plotin de l'oubli de soi que precede tous les actes de la connaissance. Le sens soteriologique du mythe est ainsi connecte avec la dispute ancienne et medievale concernant le retour de la conscience sur elle-meme. La position de Boece dans ce contexte deviendra egalement claire. Mots-cles: Mythe d'Orphee et d'Eurydice; conscience de soi; neoplatonisme; tradition Boetienne. Auteurs medievaux : Boece; Fulgence de Ruspe; Remi d'Auxerre; Reginon de Prum; Guil - laume de Conches.


In our present work we are presenting a first overview on the City Wall of Cordoba, that will be reinforced by further and more thorough research. Cordoba City Walls are particularly known by their Roman period, and sometimes by their Medieval moment. Nevertheless, we can infer from local investigation that there is hardly research on the Modern period of the City Walls, despite the great amount of information we may get from the Ordinances of Alarifes and further archaeological sources.


Body‐to‐surface wave scattering, originated from strong lateral heterogeneity, has been observed and modeled for decades. Compared to body waves, scattered surface waves propagate along the Earth's surface with less energy loss and, thus, can be observed over a wider distance range. In this study, we utilize surface waves converted from teleseismic SH or Sdiff wave incidence to map strong lateral heterogeneities across the entire contiguous United States. We apply array‐based phase coherence analysis to broadband waveforms recorded by the USArray Transportable Array and other permanent/temporary networks to detect coherent signals that are associated with body‐to‐surface wave scattering. We then locate the source of the scattering by back‐propagating the beamformed energy using both straight‐ray and curved‐ray approximations. Our results show that the distribution of scatterers correlates well with known geological features across the contiguous United States. Topographic/bathymetric relief along the continental slope off the Pacific Border is the major source of scattering in the western United States. On the other hand, sedimentary basins, especially their margins, are the dominant scatterers in the central United States. Moho offsets, such as the one around the periphery of the Colorado Plateau, are also a strong contributor to scattering, but isolating their effect from that of other near‐surface structures without any additional constraints can be complicated. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility of using scattered surface waves to constrain subsurface velocity structures, as complementary to conventional earthquake‐ or ambient noise‐based surface wave tomography.


Accurate user interest modeling is important for news recommendation. Most existing methods for news recommendation rely on implicit feedbacks like click for inferring user interests and model training. However, click behaviors usually contain heavy noise, and cannot help infer complicated user interest such as dislike. Besides, the feed recommendation models trained solely on click behaviors cannot optimize other objectives such as user engagement. In this paper, we present a news feed recommendation method that can exploit various kinds of user feedbacks to enhance both user interest modeling and model training. We propose a unified user modeling framework to incorporate various explicit and implicit user feedbacks to infer both positive and negative user interests. In addition, we propose a strong-to-weak attention network that uses the representations of stronger feedbacks to distill positive and negative user interests from implicit weak feedbacks for accurate user interest modeling. Besides, we propose a multi-feedback model training framework to learn an engagement-aware feed recommendation model. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset show that our approach can effectively improve the model performance in terms of both news clicks and user engagement.


Summary Currently, permafrost is degraded due to global warming and subsurface geophysics can contribute to characterize this degradation. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is very effective in mapping frozen soils due to the strong resistivity contrast between ice and water. We present an example of 2D and 3D resistivity imaging using a capacitive coupling resistivity (CCR) survey method in Svalbard permafrost. Although little work has been published on the mapping of the active layer of permafrost (i.e. the ground layer which thaws annually) with the CCR method, this case study shows its advantage as non-invasive compared to all other investigating methods.


The explosion of a plutonium Atomic bomb over Nagasaki city in Japan took place at II 02h on August 9, 1945. Radiation dose of A-bomb survivor is practically estimated from external radiation. The alpha particles can be disregarded science they travel only a short distance through air. Plutonium remaining in the soil at Nagasaki after 24yr has been determined in 1971. 10 the patients subjected to the Atomic bomb there was no evidence of the introduction of radioactive material. We have already studied the preserved body cells of seven A-bombed victims in 1945, and became the first one to prove that plutonium is continuing to emit radiations after more than 60 years since the A-bomb attack. 10 this study, the nuclide identification of alpha-emitters in environmental samples and calibration standards has been attempted by the measurement of the alpha track length using autoradiography. Alpha track length in Nagasaki soil; Ground surface soil collected in 1979 from the Nishiyama area in Nagasaki City, 2lOpO, 241 Am and 243 Am fitted the relation curve between energy and track length of alpha-particles in the photo emulsion. Moreover, the alpha track length in Nagasaki soil was consisted with that in paraffin-embedded specimen of A-bomb cases. Therefore, the nuclide of alpha-emitters in specimen of atomic victims at Nagasaki was identified with 239· '40pU by autoradiography. Introduction The explosion of a plutonium Atomic bomb over Nagasaki city in Japan took place at II 02h on August 9, 1945. Radiation dose of A-bomb survivor is practically estimated from external radiation (the Dosimetry System 2002:DS02)'. Alpha particles emitted from plutonium, consisting of two protons and two neutrons, are a densely ionizing type of radiation with low capacity to penetrate living tissue. The alpha particles can be disregarded science they travel only a short distance through air. Plutonium remaining in the soil at Nagasaki after 24yr has been determined in 1971 2 In the patients subjected to the Atomic bomb there was no evidence of the introduction of radioactive material. A much more palpable danger would exist from the ingestion or inhalation of radioactive material. We have already studied the preserved body cells of seven A-bombed victims in 1945, and became the first one to prove that plutonium is continuing to emit radiations after more than 60 years since the A-bomb attack. Alpha particles emitted from the paraffin-embedded specimen, such as lung, liver, bone etc. were detected by a classical method of autoradiography. The frequency distribution of alpha-particle track


We estimated some cross sections associated with reactions between quarks, antiquarks, diquarks and baryons. It concerns elastic scatterings with quarks and antiquarks, mesonization and baryonization processes of a quark/antiquark gas. The data were calculated according to the center of mass energy , the temperature and the baryonic density. To perform this task, we employed the Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. We proposed to compare some of these results with the ones obtained in a pure NJL description.


Nowadays carbon dioxide is regarded as one of the main greenhouse gases in the environment and is produced by burning of fossil fuels and automobiles exhaust [1-2]. Global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, has become a widespread concern in the recent years.Various technologies were developed to capture the atmospheric CO2. In this context, adsorption is one of the best processes for the capture of CO2 and it can be carried out by the either physical adsorption or chemical adsorption [3]. For adsorption, in addition to physical adsorbents, various mesoporous solid adsorbents impregnated with polyamines are reviewed in this work. These materials are nontoxic, inexpensive and mesoporous with reasonably good surface area [4-5]. But the selectivity is poor and have an opportunity for surface modification. Surface modifications with amine functionalized materials have greater ability for the capture of CO2. In general, porous materials are widely applicable for CO2 adsorption due to their high surface area and easily susceptible nature for the surface modification by amine functional groups [6-10]. The main objective of this workpresented is to develop a Nano porous solid adsorbent which can serve as a best adsorbent for CO2. Rice husk ash samples prepared at different temperatures under N2+steam atmospheres are impregnated with Mono Ethyl Amine (MEA), Di Ethyl Amine (DEA) and Poly Ethylene Imine (PEI) in 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.%. All these samples are subjected to Characterization studies and CO2 adsorption studies.


The boundary control problem of optimal heating of an infinitely long slab with tempertue-dependent thermal conductivity, subjected to a convection and radiation boundary condition, is analysed by numerical methods.

In order to reformulate the optimal control problem of distributed parameter systems as a mathematical programming problem of finite dimension, a space, co-ordinate is discretized by use of the finite element method, while the Runge–Kutta method is utilized for time integrations. Finally, the performance index of the optimal control problem is minimized by the conjugate gradient method of optimization.


Various advanced structural composite materials have recently been researched and developed in the field of aeronautics and aerospace technologies. One of the most important and urgent problems is to characterize the damage tolerance behavior of these advanced materials for broad use in primary structural applications. The final goal of this study is to establish new concepts of material design for high performance (high strength, high toughness and high durability) metal matrix composites. In this paper, current R & D trends of advanced structural composite materials in Japan were first outlined. Secondly, some of the author's current research projects, especially fracture mechanics of discontinuous and continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites were briefly introduced relating to the testing and evaluation of damage tolerance behavior. Some technical problems were also discussed in the development and standardization of fracture mechanics testing and evaluation methods. Finally, the current status of testing and evaluation of metal matrix composites was introduced by reporting on the round robin test (RRT) done for pre-standardization.


Abstract Background Since the outbreak of COVID-19, concerns have been raised as to whether IBD patients under biologic therapy might be more susceptible to the disease and its complications. This study aimed to determine the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large cohort of IBD patients on biologic therapy in Lombardy, the hardest-hit Italian region by the pandemic. Methods This is an observational retrospective multicentre study collecting data about COVID-19 in IBD patients on biologic therapy in regular clinical follow-up at 11 IBD referral units in Lombardy, between February 20th and May 20th, 2020. The main endpoints were to assess the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and its outcome (hospitalization/death) among IBD patients on biologic therapy and to identify any variations among the different classes of biologic agents. Secondarily, we compared the results with the incidence of COVID-19 in the general population of Lombardy in the same period and the incidence of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 in our study population compared with those of a second cohort of IBD patients undergoing non-biological therapies and coming from the same geographic area. Results Overall, 1816 IBD patients on biologic therapy were enrolled. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 3.9 per 1000 (7/1816) with a hospitalization rate of 57% and a case-fatality rate (CFR) of 29%. In our Cohort, the gut-selective therapy (Vedolizumab and Etrolizumab) was the only risk factor of developing symptomatic COVID-19 (OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.7–45.0, p = 0.01). Conversely, non-gut selective anti-cytokine agents were associated with a lower incidence of infection (OR 0.13, 95%CI 0.02–0.74) and development of symptoms (OR 0.60, 95%CI 0.37–0.98). Compared to the general population of Lombardy, a lower incidence of COVID-19 was observed (3.9 vs 8.5 per 1000 with a RR 0.45, 95%CI 0.21–0.95); conversely, in terms of hospitalization rate and CFR, the clinical outcome was not statistically different. Finally, compared to a second cohort of 565 IBD patients treated with non-biologic conventional therapies, a significantly lower risk of symptomatic disease was observed in patients on biologic agents (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.2–0.4, p<0.01). Conclusion Compared to the general population, IBD patients on biologic therapy are not exposed to a higher risk of COVID-19; compared to gut-selective agents, cytokine blockers are associated with a lower incidence of symptomatic infection, supporting the decision of maintaining the ongoing treatment.


The wetting behavior of homopolymer on a chemically identical polymer brush is mathematically equivalent to the interaction between a pair of opposing brushes in a matrix of parent homopolymer. We examine both systems using self-consistent field theory (SCFT) with a new highly efficient and accurate algorithm. Our calculations provide compelling evidence that the global minimum in the free energy curve remains at a finite film thickness, implying that the brush/homopolymer interfacial tension, γb/h, is always positive favoring dewetting, or equivalently that an attraction always exists between opposing brushes. Nevertheless, we identify a region at low homopolymer molecular weights where γb/h is negligible, in which case complete wetting is highly metastable and the attraction between opposing brushes is extraordinarily weak. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SCFT is in good quantitative agreement with experiment. In contrast, we find that earlier predictions based on strong-stretching theory are terribly ...


Abiotic parameters such as light, temperature, nutrient availability and inorganic carbon source are known to vary widely between immersion and emersion. We measured gross community productivity (GCP) and community respiration (CR) over spring tidal cycles in intertidal Zostera marina and Z. noltii communities. CO2 fluxes during emersion and inorganic carbon fluxes during immersion were assessed using closed benthic chambers. GCP and CR rates were significantly higher during immersion than during emersion for both communities. In July, GCP rates were 3- and 5-fold higher and CR rates were 2.5- and 9-fold higher during immersion for the Z. marina and Z. noltii communities, respectively. This trend was confirmed in the Z. noltii community at different periods of the year (February, April and November). Neither photoinhibition nor desiccation was measured during emersion, but shading might have greatly limited the GCP rates. Higher CR during immersion could be explained by enhanced bacterial and infaunal activity.


The problem of simultaneous conduction and radiation heat transfer through absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering media with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity is numerically investigated. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is found to have significant effects on heat flux and temperature distribution. Positive gamma increases the temperature, while negative gamma decreases it. The effects of variable conductivity is more significant as omega is increased. The differential-discrete-ordinate method is found to be an accurate and powerful method for dealing with the radiative transfer problem. 5 refs.


RATIONALE
Triacylglycerols (TG) contain three fatty acyls attached to the glycerol backbone in stereochemically numbered positions sn-1, 2 and 3. Isobaric TG with exchanged fatty acyl chains in positions sn-1/3 vs. sn-2 are referred to as regioisomers and the determination of their regioisomeric ratios is important for nutrition purposes.

METHODS
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is applied for the separation of simple unsaturated TG regioisomers extracted from porcine adipose tissue using their silver-ion molecular adducts.

RESULTS
Four pairs of TG regioisomers containing combinations of unsaturated and saturated fatty acyl chains are successfully separated using DMS with 1-butanol or 1-propanol as the chemical modifier. Various experimental parameters are carefully optimized, such as the separation and compensation voltages applied to DMS electrodes, the type and flow rate of chemical modifier and the dwell time of analyte ions in the DMS cell. The optimized DMS approach is used for the characterization of TG regioisomers in less than one minute, compared to tens of minutes typical for silver-ion or reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry approaches.

CONCLUSIONS
The application of this method for the characterization of TG regioisomers in porcine adipose tissue shows the method suitability for analyses of other animal fats.


This study examined how features of both the situation and the target's behavior may lead observers to infer that a target has exerted control over a random event-in this case a roll of the dice in a game of backgammon. Observers read stories about a game of backgammon in which the male target either strongly wished for one particular outcome of the roll of the dice or was indifferent and in which either the target rolled the dice himself or a third party rolled the dice for him. Results showed that when the target desired a particular consequence of the dice roll in advance and rolled the dice himself, observers were more likely to see him as having exerted influence over the dice roll, were willing to wager more that he could roll the same number again, and rated luck as less influential in producing the dice roll outcome. These results are discussed from the perspective of illusory perceptions of control that might explain why observers inferred an actor's intentions from the actor's production of an event generally regarded as random.


Introduction. Prior studies suggest benefit of statins on walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Hypothesis. We hypothesized that LDL reduction in PAD would improve calf muscle perfusion and energetics as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). Methods. Fifty eight patients with mild-to-moderate symptomatic PAD (mean±SD age 63±10 years, ankle brachial index (ABI) 0.70±0.14) were studied before and 1 year after therapy with simvastatin 40mg or simvastatin 40mg/ezetimibe 10mg (R,n=31) if statin-naive or ezetimbibe 10mg (Z,n=27) if on a statin. Calf muscle phosphocreatine recovery time constant (PCr) was measured using 31phosphorus MRS immediately after symptom-limited exercise on a 1.5T scanner. Calf muscle perfusion was measured using first-pass contrast-enhanced MRI with 0.1 mM/kg gadolinium infused at peak exercise, (n=44 after excluding those with renal dysfunction). Time intensity curves in calf muscle were normalized to nearby proton densit...


In this paper, Al2O3/ZrB2/ZrO2 ceramic cutting tool was produced by hot pressing. Dry cutting tests in air and nitrogen atmospheres were carried out on normalized AISI 1045 steel. The tool wear, cutting temperature, cutting force, and friction coefficient were measured. Compared in nitrogen, the friction coefficient in air was reduced when the cutting speed was higher than 160 m/min. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis techniques were employed to observe the worn surfaces of the ceramic tools, and the wear mechanisms were simultaneously discussed. Experimental data and observations revealed the formation of oxide film under air in dry machining, which related to the decrease of the friction coefficient and the improvement of cutting performance.


Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Physical activity (PA) is a known preventative factor. It is recommended that children participate in 60 minutes of PA daily, but most do not meet these guidelines. Further, boys, aged 8-17 years, spend more time in PA than girls of the same age. The purposes of this study were to identify gender differences in PA beliefs and practices among fourth and fifth graders and to determine when gender disparities in self-confidence regarding PA and fitness occur.  Subjects were 41 fourth (19 boys; 22 girls) and 33 fifth (16 boys; 17 girls) graders in a public elementary school in the rural northwest. They participated in the FitnessGram, a nationwide assessment of flexibility, aerobic capacity, and muscular strength and endurance, and a proctored survey about their PA beliefs, self-confidence, and participation. There were no differences in FitnessGram data between boys and girls for aerobic capacity or muscular strength and endurance, but girls had increased flexibility when compared to boys in both grades. Importantly, survey results showed fifth grade girls had less confidence they could improve their physical fitness (p = 0.002) or their overall health (p = 0.004) when compared to fourth grade girls. Research is needed to determine how these changes in self-confidence contribute to the gender gap in time spent in PA. We recommend physical education programs throughout all grades teach healthy behaviors, including time spent in PA, and work to build and maintain self-confidence in girls.


The health department is accountable for isolation and treatment of infectious tuberculosis to prevent spread and protect the community. Control programs, adequite therapy and education will diminish spread of the disease. Modern medical and surgical therapy have contributed to the falling mortality and morbidity. Rapid decline in deaths cannot be interpreted as evidence of approaching eradication when the slow drop in the case rate is considered. Ambulatory patients have increased not as a result of more rapid discharges from sanatoria, but due to the majority being under the care of physicians in private practice. Control procedures are still far from satisfactory. The intracutaneous (Mantoux) test has proved far better and more economical than mass x-ray surveys. Tuberculin testing should not be restricted to schools, but also utilized in pre-school children and in controlled groups of adults. Annual testing of the negative reactors will locate recent convertors. The diminishing rate of positive reactors empphasizes that eradication must depend on the absence of infection. The majority of patients now consist of the aged, largely the result of reactivation of lesions that began years ago, usually in childhood. With failure of infection in early life, there will be no arrested pathology to break down as one grows old. Incorrigibles must be isolated and committed to an institution until noninfectious. Unknown, undiagnosed and untreated cases continue as the greatest source of spread of infection.


The technical state of tracking test is determined through parameter of dynamic target. Tracking performance data is varied for different model of photoelectric theodolite. So the parameter design of dynamic target is different when test tracking performance of photoelectric theodolite is different. This paper describes coordinate conversion between photoelectric theodolite and dynamic target, and gives the method for building simulation model to find optimal target parameter. And the method is proved to be fit to track performance data by testing some dynamic target with the simulation model.


Responding to Robert Morgan's plaidoyer for Christianity by claiming a distinction between theological anti-Judaism and modern, racial antisemitism, this article demonstrates that the texts of pro-Nazi German Protestant theologians integrate race and religion with a fluidity that obviates a sharp distinction between the two terms. Antisemitic propaganda produced by Christian theologians during World War II leaves the strictly theological realm in its use of Nazi language and concepts, even when framed in a Christian context, and demands a different kind of conceptualization by historians. Why a group of theologians—professors, instructors, students, pastors and bishops—sought the dejudaization of Christianity during the Third Reich requires attentiveness by historians to the affinities these theologians thought they recognized between Christianity and the claims of modern racial theorists. General historians of Nazi social history will benefit from greater awareness of the racialization of significant sectors of the Christian community in Germany, and students of postwar German theology will benefit from considering the legacy of the pre-1945 Nazification of certain university theological faculties as well as Nazi-era racial tendencies in certain strands of theological scholarship.


Classical Chinese poetry produced during the Tang Dynasty are incomparable in terms of acceptance,which features being popular,individual,applicable and keeping with the times.Popularity and applicability are the two key features which have helped establish the unique position of Tang poetry in the history of classical Chinese poetry.


In this paper, a new method of improving uniformity of surface roughness through controlling feed rate was proposed. A CNC grinding software based on feed rate controlling and error compensation for aspheric surface was developed. The structure and function of the software system was described. An experimental test for grinding aspheric surface of WC mould was conducted for evaluating the performance of the compensation process by using this developed software. After compensation grinding for several times, form accuracy of PV 126 nm, roughness of Ra 3.4 nm can be obtained.


Background: Schizophrenia nursing problems most commonly found is hallucinations. Found 55% of client hallucinations who have a relapse and medication adherence. This study aims to obtain the effects Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Health Education adherence to symptoms, ability to accept and commit to treatment and compliance in Hallucinations clients Mental Hospital of Medan, North Sumatra.


The article is devoted to criticism of classical conception of subject. This author focuses on Michel Foucault's works and shows how the last reconstructs preconditions of classical conception and makes their deconstruction. The article concludes about the principal incompleteness of Foucault's deconstruction.


Image resizing is a need of today's world. Image resizing is required in various applications, such as transmission, storage, retrieval, and display of digital images. In this paper I went through new techniques of image resizing. During this survey it is found that image resizing in DCT domain is more efficient than the existing techniques in spatial domain due to various reasons as discussed in the subsequent part of the work. One of the techniques is implemented in MATLAB and results are shown. A comparison in terms of computational complexity is made on the basis of literature survey with one of the most popular technique in spatial domain and result is shown.


Along with the evolution of positive psychology, research in noncognitive factors (e.g. enjoyment and boredom) has gradually flourished in second language (L2) education in recent years. However, previous studies have not examined how enjoyment, boredom, and motivational intensity concurrently predict the self-perceived L2 language proficiency (SPL2P) of younger L2 learners in the Chinese language learning context. To fill the gap, this study investigated 251 ( N = 251) L2 Chinese students from 13 elementary and secondary schools in New Zealand, a population that has scarcely been featured. Embracing the PROCESS macro software, the results of the moderated mediation model indicated that L2 motivational intensity significantly predicted SPL2P, and L2 enjoyment positively mediated the association between L2 motivational intensity and SPL2P. Yet, L2 boredom negatively moderated the relationship between L2 motivational intensity and L2 enjoyment, and the strength of the mediated effect decreased along with the increasing level of L2 boredom. Theoretically, this study extended and validated the existing emotion measurements and theories from English language learning to L2 Chinese learning. Pedagogical implications are provided for L2 Chinese educators.


Nowadays, the usage of multiple virtual wireless networks on top of one physical AP is very common in home Wi-Fi networks. Be it Hotspots of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) used for offloading their traffic, community networks or plain so-called "Guest-Networks". Whereas the home user (AP owner) in the best case should not even be aware that his network connection is shared. Most of the ISPs and MNOs are now trying to convince their customers to install an additional virtual wireless hotspot network on their home AP and offer them in return the free usage of all other available hotspots. But, currently most costumers are skeptical as the providers cannot guarantee a downlink slice of air-time or real separation in time on the wireless access network. In this paper we demonstrate by using a novel downlink slicing scheme applied on commercial off-the-shelf hardware, how slicing on MAC level can be applied to truly guarantee a fixed amount of air-time for the home user and provide complete traffic separation in time between the home and the hotspot network. Moreover, our demonstrator shows the benefits of the approach by comparing the quality of a high definition video stream with and without our MAC slicing approach.


Safety is the lifeline of the civil aviation industry, and safety is the foundation for ensuring the operation of civil aviation. Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) is one of the effective means to implement safety management, it mainly aims to detect the flight risk by analyzing the flight parameters. Statistical analysis methods are very important for FOQA. How to analyze the flight parameters reasonably is a hot research topic. Based on the basic theory of statistics, this paper presents theory and methods for processing normal data and non-normal data, and introduces some the risk models and algorithms for early warning


This study suggests that there will be entrepreneurial business opportunities that will stem from the current trade imbalance between South Africa and Finland and that South African entrepreneurs can benefit economically from this trade imbalance. The objective was to determine these opportunities. Results indicate that a trade imbalance per se does not attest that opportunities for entrepreneurs exist, but rather the economic and political support because of the size of the trade imbalance. This study's conclusions indicate that coal, optical fibre, processed food, and wine are growing exports (from South Africa) and that aluminium, cereal, flour, logs poles, medicaments in dosage, nickel mats, organic chemicals, and unwrought nickel are growing imports from the world (into Finland) that the entrepreneur could possibly supply: Further studies could be done on why the Swedish imports larger quantities from South Africa than the other Scandinavian countries as well as, the types of medication that the Finnish demands from the international community and which South Africa can supply in particular.


There is a sentence saying 'occupational safety and health (K3) must not be absent because danger always exists' in the workplace. Dangers are produced by hazards that potentially cause accidents in there. The hazards derive from raw materials, products, waste, work tools and processes. In an effort to control the risk of the accidents, it is necessary to apply K3 principle.  In construction workshops, at The Civil Engineering Department, UNP, the principle was not applied properly, so a research should be conducted to see the issue, focused on the hazards in there. The research had a purpose verifying the risk on low, medium and small level. To reach the purpose, the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method was used to determine the level, beginning from collecting the required data, such as secondary and primary. The secondary was work and tools types document while the primary obtained from the survey and direct interviews with the technicians. Then, the work types were elaborated on their steps. They resulted in many different levels of risk. Based on the results, 5 work type showed high level and 6 work type was medium level. In conclusion, 11 of them was on the level that must be paid attention.


A new pisaurid spider, 'Inola daviesae' sp.n. is described from northern Queensland together with the first description of the male of 'I. subtilis'. The meiotic chromosomes of both species are discussed.


This paper deals with the problem concerning the sensing and controlling of weld pool shape in the MIG welding of plates. In the robotic one side MIG welding process without a backing plate, in order to obtain a good quality of weld, it is important to control the weld pool shape so as to prevent the melting metal from burning through the plate. The method of controlling the weld pool shape is discussed. The moving torch is repeatedly switch changed, known as the switch back method. Primary welding experimental results have proved that the switch back method is effective and satisfactory for controlling the back weld pool shape in one side MIG welding processes without a backing plate.


Crossover recombination provides a physical link between homologous chromosomes that is essential for meiotic chromosome segregation. Crossovers are initiated by SPO-11-dependant double-strand breaks (DSBs), which, if unrepaired, pose a hazard to genome stability. Thus, some organisms have multiple, compensatory repair pathways that ensure the repair of all DSBs formed during meiosis. Recent studies in C. elegans have identified two parallel pathways with partially overlapping resolvases that are each sufficient for crossover resolution in wild-type animals – one pathway uses XPF-1 and the other uses MUS-81. In this study, we investigate whether resolvase preference can be distinguished. We show that while XPF-1 and MUS-81 act interchangeably to resolve crossovers in wild-type animals, they become required under conditions that threaten chromosome integrity, whether from exposure ionizing radiation or reducing the concentration of condensin, a complex required for proper chromosome structure. We also show that two conditions which independently do not create a requirement for a particular resolvase can, when combined, generate a requirement. This indicates that crossover resolution pathways are influenced by factors that act in a combinatorial manner. Although resolvase dependence in irradiated and condensindepleted animals correlates with the extent of DNA damage, the absolute number of DSBs is not solely responsible for invoking a requirement. Thus, DSB repair pathway choice may generate different classes of crossover depending on the DSB provenance or cellular reactions to the inducing condition.