Regional uplift occurred at the initial stage of destruction in the Late Jurassic eastern North China craton and Upper Jurassic deposits are absent in the whole area. In the early part of the Early Cretaceous, regional extension occurred and downfaulted basins formed, with the northern and southern margins of the craton showing more intense extension. The Yanshan structural belt on the northern margin is characterized by formation of metamorphic core complexes while the southern margin was occupied by wide rift- type basins. Volcanic eruption and magmatic intrusion commonly took place in the area in the middle Early Cretaceous. Narrow rift- type basins occurred in the craton in the late Early Cretaceous, and downfaulting along the NNE-trending Tan-Lu fault zone was most intense. The evolution of these downfaulting basins demonstrates that after surface uplift the craton lithosphere was hot and soft in the initial stage of the destruction, leading to development of metamorphic core complexes and wide rift-type basins. The destruction intensity shows inhomogeneous distribution and might be controlled by pre-existing lithospheric mantle structures in the early stage. In the late Early Cretaceous, the temperatures of the lithosphere under the craton decreased and the destruction intensity became high af- ter the middle Early Cretaceous magmatic activities, which is responsible for development of narrow rift-type basins along pre-existing fault zones. The basin evolution processes support the view that the Late Mesozoic lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China craton was mainly caused by the mechanism of gradual delamination.


The invention relates to a particulate, urea-containing composition and the use of an additive for producing a particulate, urea-containing composition.


The rotations of subgrains around particles in deformed matrices of different rolling orientations and their nucleation at the early stages of recrystallization were studied by means of electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technique in an SEM and were compared with those in single crystals of similar orientations. Results show that the subgrain rotations around particles within deformed matrices and the orientations of particle stimulated nucleation grains are not random, but singular to those in the similarly oriented single crystals. The second part of this work will deal with the interaction of particles with other nucleation sites (i.e. grain boundaries and cube bands) and the formation of recrystallization texture.


Electrical switching and memory effects were studied in TMPD-TCNA at several fixed pressures, and the results are attributed to an electronic mechanism.


This article is available from http://www.labmedonline.org 2013, Laboratory Medicine Online This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: Bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) are found with different frequencies in different regions; moreover, antibiotic susceptibility can also vary by region. We retrospectively studied and compared the species and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with UTIs in the northern Gyeonggi-do area. Methods: We analyzed urine specimens collected from patients who visited the Myongji Hospital between 2007 and 2011. The urine specimens were cultured, and bacteria were identified by biochemical examination with an API kit (bioMerieux Inc., USA). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disc diffusion method and the Vitek II system (bioMerieux Inc., USA). Results: A total of 11,818 (31.4%) urine specimens were culture positive. The most common species identified were Escherichia coli (37.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.4%), Enterococcus faecium (6.1%), and Candida spp. (5.5%). The proportion of isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases significantly increased during the study period. Conclusions: E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E. faecium were the 3 most common organisms identified. Of note, however, was the increasing frequency of Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. isolated during the more recent years. Further studies are required from other centers in the northern Gyeonggi-do area.


The design method of a dual-polarized array antenna is investigated and presented in this communication. The antenna consists of a series-fed patch array (SFPA) antenna for vertically polarized (VP) radiation and a slotted microstrip first higher order mode (EH1-mode) periodic leaky-wave antenna (P-LWA) for horizontally polarized (HP) radiation. These two antennas are both analyzed by using the leaky-wave antenna method. It is revealed that the SFPA/EH1-mode element is expected to be operated under the short-/open-circuited condition, at which the desired VP/HP broadside radiation can be realized. Afterward, by reusing the radiator of the EH1-mode element as the ground of the SFPA one, the radiation apertures of these two elements can be designed in an overlapped style. Finally, a dual-polarized array antenna operated at 24.0 GHz is fabricated and tested for verification. The measurements demonstrate and validate that both the desired high-gain VP and HP radiation patters are achieved at broadside.


Emblic fruit wine rich in alcohol, phenolics. This experiment adopts the reverse high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for emblic leafflower fruit wine representative of phenolics gallic acid, quercetin content determination of study; And the emblic leafflower fruit forint phenol method study on determination of total phenol content in fruit wine. Experimental results show that the forint phenol method is used to measure total phenolic content (with gallic acid) in the range of 1-6 ug/ml has good linear relation, measured over the basic total phenol content in fruit wine was 4.6 mg/ml; Reverse high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to measure content of gallic acid, quercetin in 8-400 ug/ml has good linear relation, measured over the basic content of gallic acid in fruit wine was 0.82 mg/ml, quercetin is 0.94 ug/ml. KEYWORD: RP-HPLC, Phyllanthus emblica, wine, gallic acid, quercetin 4th International Conference on Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering (MMME 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 479 capacity. Water bath reaction under 66 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes, 760 nm wavelength determination of absorbance, establish standard curve. Sample measurement: precision measuring preparation good emblic leafflower fruit wine sample solution 0.5 ml in 50 ml volumetric flask and add 30 ml deionized water, shake well, add 2.5 ml forint phenol reagent, 8.0 ml9 % sodium carbonate solution, constant volume, deionized water and mixed water bath reaction under 66 degrees Celsius, 10 minutes after cooling determine its absorbance at 760 nm. Stability testing: accurate said emblic leafflower fruit wine sample solution 0.5 ml, according to the measuring method, placed at room temperature 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 h measuring absorbance value, to determine the stability of the forint phenol method. If the absorbance is greater than 1, dilute solution to be tested again. Precision of the experiment: accurate said emblic leafflower fruit wine sample solution 0.5 ml, according to the measuring method of repeated six times. Repetitive experiments: accurate said more than 6 basic wine sample solution 0.5 ml, respectively, according to the measuring method for determining absorbance values. Recovery experiment: the content of known emblic leafflower fruit wine sample solution 3 copies of each precise join gallic acid standard solution 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 ml, according to the method of measuring method, take the average absorbance value and the total phenol content, calculate the sample recovery rate. Gallic acid and quercetin Configuration of the standard solution, precision weigh and gallic acid, respectively 10.0 mg quercetin standard to 25 ml volumetric flask, with 90% methanol concentration of water soluble solvent configured to 400.0 ug/ml single standard solution, shake well, set aside. 25 ml wine extract: take wine, according to the 1:1 ratio to join anhydrous diethyl ether extraction, extraction 3 min, take out ester phase, water phase extraction four times, repeatedly merging ester, less than 35 °C spin steaming to dry, 260 r/min. Residue is dissolved in 2 ml of 90% methanol aqueous solution, 0.45 mu m membrane filter, as the test solution. Linear range: apply different concentration of standard solution, dilute concentrations were 400.0, 200.0, 80.0, 40.0, 20.0, and 8.0 ug/ml of gallic acid, quercetin series of six different concentration of standard solution, precision measuring 10.0 ul into the highly effective liquid phase color spectrometer, sample analysis. Precision experiments: samples from 25 ml wine press wine extraction method, measuring 10 ul sample analysis, repeated sampling 5 times, by chromatographic peak area observation precision index. Repetitive experiments: take 20 ml emblic leafflower fruit wine, add 5 ml, mixed standard solution preparation, according to the fruit wine extraction method to extract for the test solution, respectively, precision measuring 10 ul into the highly effective liquid phase color spectrometer, sample analysis. Solution stability experiment: take the same standard solution and let stand at room temperature, respectively, at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours, measuring 10 ul into the highly effective liquid phase color spectrometer, sample analysis, chromatographic peak area in different time points are calculated separately, and the RSD values, examine the stability of the sample solution. Content of sample recovery rate experiment: take known emblic leafflower fruit wine solution in 3, 20 ml, 5 ml each, respectively, to join the standard solution, preparation of the test solution, measuring 10 ul into the highly effective liquid phase color spectrometer, measuring the recovery rate of the sample. 3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 3.1 The establishment of the total phenol standard curve. Accurate quantity from 0.1 mg/ml of gallic acid standard solution 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 ml in 50 ml volumetric flask and add 30 ml deionized water, shake well, add 2.5 ml forint reagent, fully shake, 1 minutes after add 8.0 ml of 9% sodium carbonate solution, blending the capacity. Water bath reaction under 66 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes, 760 nm wavelength determination of absorbance, establish standard curve. Fig.1 The standard curve of total phenol Get regression equation y=0.1322x-0.0099,R=0.9973。 3.2 Used in the determination of total phenol. Accurate according to take more than six basic wine sample solution 0.5 ml, determine the method were determined respectively in the absorbance values. Take the average of the determination of six times, to the total phenol content in the samples of 0.46 mg/ml, total phenol content in fruit wine was 4.6 mg/ml.


OBJECTIVE
To identify minimal sets of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) items that can distinguish normal control subjects from patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with mild from those with moderate AD, and those with moderate from those with severe AD.

DESIGN
Two randomly selected equivalent half samples. Results of logistic regression analysis from data from the first half of the sample were confirmed by receiver operating characteristic curves on the second half.

SETTING
Memory disorders clinics at major medical centers in the United States affiliated with the Consortium to establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD).

PARTICIPANTS
White, normal control subjects (n = 412) and patients with AD (n = 621) who met CERAD criteria; nonwhite subjects (n = 165) and persons with missing data (n = 27) were excluded.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Three four-item sets of MMSE items that discriminate, respectively, (1) normal controls from patients with mild AD, (2) patients with mild from those with moderate AD, and (3) patients with moderate from those with severe AD.

RESULTS
The MMSE items discriminating normal controls from patients with mild AD were day, date, recall of apple, and recall of penny; those discriminating patients with mild from those with moderate AD were month, city, spelling world backward, and county, and those discriminating patients with moderate from those with severe AD were floor of building, repeating the word table, naming watch, and folding paper in half. Performance on the first two four-item sets was comparable with that of the full MMSE; the third set distinguished patients with moderate from those with severe AD better than chance.

CONCLUSIONS
A minimum set of MMSE items can effectively discriminate normal controls from patients with mild AD and between successive levels of severity of AD. Data apply only to white patients with AD. Performance in minorities, more heterogeneous groups, or normal subjects with questionable cognitive status has not been assessed.


FIELD: data carriers. SUBSTANCE: device, which reproduces audio/video data, using markup document in interactive mode, includes buffer, which buffers markup document, and buffer administrator, which controls preliminary load of markup document and provides information about condition of buffer buffering in response to report signal. Markup document may be provided via network or from carrier for data storage, which includes information for controlling buffering condition of markup document. EFFECT: increased efficiency. 20 cl, 17 dwg


by Jian-Guang Luo, Hong Yin, Bo-Yi Fan, and Ling-Yi Kong*State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry,China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China(phone/fax: þ86-25-83271405; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)A rare labdane diterpene g-lactam, 1, and two new labdane diterpenoids, 2 and 3, along with twoknown diterpenes, 4 and 5, were isolated from the roots of Amomum maximum. Their structures wereestablished on the basis of spectroscopic data. All of the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicactivities, and compound 3 was found to exhibit an inhibitory activity against MG-63 cell lines with anIC


Because the business environments are becoming more and more dynamic and demanding it is
important for companies to adapt and stay competitive within these changing and dynamic
situations (Ramamoorthy, Flood, Slattery & Sardessai, 2005; Yuan & Woodman, 2010). The
human capital consisting of employees and managers play an important role in in the
contribution of performance, especially when it comes to the alignment of goals such as
performance of a company (Bowen and Ostroff, 2004). Creative idea generation is an important
part of innovative work behaviour of employees and can also play an important role in problem
solving according to Basadur (2004).

Up until this point, it remains unclear whether or not this innovative work behaviour of employees directly leads to better performance of employees. Managers also have a high influence on the performance of their employees and helping their employees being able to deploy innovative work behaviour (De Jong & Den Hartog, 2007).

This research focuses on the relation between innovative work behaviour and individual job performance of employees, as well as the influence of line management behaviour on this relation. This research provides conclusions and implications about how to deal with this and how these constructs are related to each other.

First of all, it can be concluded that IWB of employees is positively linked to their individual job performance. Next to this, there is a negative moderating effect found between innovation supportive management behaviour and performance. This means that the higher the innovation supportive management behaviour experienced by an employee, the lower the correlation between his/her IWB and task performance. Management behaviour seems to be functioning as a compensatory construct between low innovative work behaviour of employees and individual job performance of these employees.


This development raises the question of what kind of software will be needed for these new systems. To answer this question, a group under the direction of Prof. Andrew S. Tanenbaum at the Vrije Universiteit (VU) in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) has been doing research since 1980 in the area of distributed computer systems. This research, partlydone in cooperationwith the Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI), has resulted in the development of a new distributed operating system, called Amoeba, designed for an environment consisting of a large number of computers.


The partnership between the EU and the ACP Group (African, Caribbean and Pacific countries)—the largest and most sophisticated North-South partnership—dates back to 1975. The successive Lomé Conventions (1975–2000) and the Cotonou Agreement (2000–2020) have provided the legal basis for this arrangement, which currently comprises 78 ACP countries and 27 EU member states. Combining political dialogue with cooperation on trade and development finance, the agreement is based on shared principles and values and co-management through joint institutions.


According to a complex system outlook from China,some problems of mental health education for special children are discussed systematically,widely and thoroughly.It concludes that mental health education for special children in China is an open complex giant system.Based on philosophy and systematology,a mutiple level(equal to class) structure tree of complex systematic ensemble modeling on the mental health education for special children is indicated for the first time.With a system engineering method suited into complex giant systems(the meta-synthesis),5 aspects of systematical properties and its complex roles on the mental health education for special children are explained again.After the view of "handling complexity for complexity"and an emphasis of "handling special children as special children",people can not only avoid the traditional linear thought and reductionism to tie,but also make up the nonlinear thought and holism knowledge,so that the theoretical basis and approach for the innovation of mental health education for special children are provided in modern China.


T2K is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in which a νμ beam is produced at the J-PARC facility and detected 295 km away by the Super-Kamiokande, water Cherenkov detector. Up to May 2013, T2K has accumulated 6.57 × 10 protons on target, approximately 8% of the experimental goal. T2K has observed 120 νμ candidates, which show a clear disappearance oscillation pattern, and 28 νe candidates, with which νe appearance was established. The measurement of νe appearance is particularly important because it enables us to determine δCP when θ23 and θ13 are known. Using values of θ23 determined by T2K disappearance measurements and θ13 measured by reactor ν̄e experiments, T2K has obtained the first constraint on δCP from a νe appearance measurement.


The purpose of this article is to analyze empirically a travel-time forecasting model that estimates link travel times on congested road networks. In separate studies by You and Kim, a nonparametric regression model has been developed as a core forecasting algorithm to reduce computation time and increase forecasting accuracy. In this article, the sensitivity of model parameters is evaluated so that the proposed travel-time forecasting model could be utilized in transportation information and management systems such as location-based services and intelligent transportation systems applications.


We propose a method for transformating linear and nonlinear hypersingular integral equations into ordinary differential equations. Linear and nonlinear polyhypersingular integral equations are transformed into partial differential equations. Well known that many types of differential equations can be solved in quadratures. So, we can receive analytical solutions for many types of linear and nonlinear hypersingular and polyhypersingular integral equations.


Quantum computation is a sub-discipline of computer science that studies computation performed using quantum-mechanical phenomena such as entanglement and the principle of quantum superposition. The work presented in this dissertation is part of a program of research initiated by S. Abramsky and B. Coecke that aims to establish a categorical foundation for quantum computation.
The usual axiomatisation of quantum computation uses the biproduct structure to express the classical fragment of the theory that comprises, for instance, the result of a measurement or classical control. Following the work of S. Abramsky and B. Coecke, that of P. Selinger for the quantum aspect, and that of B. Coecke and D. Pavlovic for the classical aspect, we will introduce a complete categorical semantics for quantum computation that includes bath the classical and the quantum fragments of the theory. In order to do so, we will introduce the notion of classical-quantum interface, which is sufficiently general to include the two fragments of the theory. Moreover, the classical fragment will be axiomatised exclusively with respect to the tensorial structure, i.e., without using biproducts. In particular, such an approach enables the use of an intuitive and rigorous graphical calculus as a proof technique which is often easier to use than the usual algebraic techniques. Moreover, we will see that the axiomatisation of basis structures from which is derived the notion of classical transformation also enables the definition of many families of classical transformations such as relations, functions, bijections, and stochastic and bistochastic transformations; the latter three being especially suitable in the context of quantum computation. Finally, we will present some quantum protocols and prove some results concerning these, using a graphical calculus developed for the categorical semantics in order to illustrates the usefulness and the well-foundedness of the theory.
Key words: Quantum computation. Classical control. Category theory. Compact closed categories. †-monoidal categories. †-compact categories. Classical-quantum interfaces.


In this study we compared various defect pixel correction methods for reducing artifact appearance within projection images used for computed tomography (CT) reconstructions. Defect pixel correction algorithms were examined with respect to their artifact behaviour within planar projection images as well as in volumetric CT reconstructions. We investigated four algorithms: nearest neighbour, linear and adaptive linear interpolation, and a frequency-selective spectral-domain approach. To characterise the quality of each algorithm in planar image data, we inserted line defects of varying widths and orientations into images. The structure preservation of each algorithm was analysed by corrupting and correcting the image of a slit phantom pattern and by evaluating its line spread function (LSF). The noise preservation was assessed by interpolating corrupted flat images and estimating the noise power spectrum (NPS) of the interpolated region. For the volumetric investigations, we examined the structure and noise preservation within a structured aluminium foam, a mid-contrast cone-beam phantom and a homogeneous Polyurethane (PUR) cylinder. The frequency-selective algorithm showed the best structure and noise preservation for planar data of the correction methods tested. For volumetric data it still showed the best noise preservation, whereas the structure preservation was outperformed by the linear interpolation. The frequency-selective spectral-domain approach in the correction of line defects is recommended for planar image data, but its abilities within high-contrast volumes are restricted. In that case, the application of a simple linear interpolation might be the better choice to correct line defects within projection images used for CT.


Abstract : Since 1985, the U.S. Army has funded approximately 75 installations and activities to conduct various projects related to hazardous waste minimization (HAZMIN). This report describes the findings of a study to follow up on over 100 projects funded between 1988 and 1991 and address their fate and effectiveness in terms of waste reduction and cost savings. These projects were categorized by project type (e.g., equipment purchase and installation, test and evaluation, etc.) and by targeted waste (e.g., solvents, metals, reactive, etc.). In general, many of the HAZMIN projects were found to have resulted in apparent cost savings and waste reduction as well as less tangible benefits such as increased awareness of and involvement in HAZMIN initiatives. In addition to an evaluation of successful HAZMIN projects, impediments to the success of HAZMIN projects were identified. (MM)


First-principles modelling of the diastereomeric transition states in the enantiodiscrimination stage of the catalytic cycle can reveal intimate details about the mechanism of enantioselection. This information can be invaluable for further improvement of the catalytic protocols by rational design. Herein, we present a density functional theory (IEFPCM/PBE0/DGDZVP level of theory) modelling of the carborhodation step for the asymmetric 1,4-arylation of cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones mediated by a [(binap)Rh(I)] catalyst. The calculations completely support the older, qualitative, pictorial model predicting the sense of the asymmetric induction for both the chelating diphosphane (binap) and the more recent chiral diene (Phbod) ligands, while also permitting quantification of the enantiomeric excess (ee). The effect of dispersion interaction correction and basis sets has been also investigated. Dispersion-corrected functionals and solvation models significantly improve the predicted ee values.


Enforcement of competition regime and ensuring fair competition in a free market economy depends, among others, up on the effectiveness of competition authority. Existing studies reveal that establishment of autonomous competition authorities is the most effective way to implement competition regimes and ensure market competition. Despite Ethiopia's effort to legislate three times in a decade and improve autonomy of competition authority, still the competition legal regime have gaps that will negatively affect autonomy of the competition authority, which directly affects enforcement of competition legal regime. This article assesses the gaps in the existing competition legal regime from the perspective of the competition authority's autonomy. Common features and practices of effective enforcement strategies and institutional designs for autonomous competition authority, and experiences from some countries based on their success and relevance to Ethiopia are used as benchmarks. It is argued that there are some provisions within the proclamation, which would affect the authority's autonomy. These are: the competition authority's accountability to the ministry of trade; the power of prime minster to appoint judges of the authority; the application of the civil service law to judges of the authority; and the power of council of ministers to approve annual budget of the authority (source of the authority's budget) would directly or indirectly affect the autonomy of the authority. Based on such findings, the writer recommends the sort of measures that the government shall take in order to ensure autonomy of competition authority and competition in the nation.


Abstract : The establishment of the Management Information System, International Logistics integrated data base was accomplished at great expense of resources by the Navy. The goals of the system are to keep Navy financial and supply records compatible and accurate with a minimum of resources. With this idea I will demonstrate that these goals cannot be achieved without additional data base structural changes. My recommendation is one proposed course of action. (Author)


Subject teaching link in our teacher education in normal university courses are relatively weak,in the aspect of teaching,learning,curriculum content,there are real problems and subjectivity teaching disjointed.Has the extremely important value of comprehensive practical ability subjectivity teaching of future teachers,strengthening the subjectivity teaching the teacher education curriculum from two aspects of the inside and outside the classroom,is to enhance the quality of higher normal reality choice facing the students talent.


This research presets the critical factors that influence the use of cloud computing, in case studies of large and medium-sized enterprises in the metropolitan area of Monterrey.  The critical factors are found, according to literature: dependency provider; ignorance of the location, where the information, service knowledge, knowledge of laws, service offered by suppliers, is stored; cost; and information security, describing the research and development, which are significant and demonstrative in its impact. We used Cronbach's alpha to check the validity of the measurement instrument and used a linear regression method to measure the significance of the variables.  We also relied on some measuring instruments, such as Beta, R-squared, Standard Deviation, Anova, Tolerance, and Collinearity index to propose a model.


Identification of a new stromal cell type in mouse lymph nodes that can be activated by B cells to delineate the transient boundaries of B cell zones during inflammation


The study investigated factors influencing E-learning in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A sample of 376 undergraduate students was drawn from the population of 3,660 students in the Faculty of Education of three tertiary institutions in Rivers State through proportionate stratified random sampling technique. An instrument titled E-learning Factors Influence Questionnaire (EFIQ) which was developed by the researchers was used for data collection. It contained 23 items which are in three sections of A-facilities, B-lecturer's competencies, C-students attitude. The EFIQ was validated by experts in Educational Technology and Measurement and Evaluation based on face and construct validities. The reliability of the instrument EFIQ was established through Cronbach Alpha technique and the reliability coefficient obtained was 0.82. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and a criterion mean   x of 2.50 was used for judgement. The result revealed that facilities, lecturer's competencies and attitude of students influence Elearning in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Based on these results, recommendations were made including that students should endeavour to have positive attitude towards e-learning and the tertiary institutions should provide enough e-learning facilities which will aid the students in learning.


This paper is concerned with a building situated in the west of Scotland which faces severe weather conditions with high wind speeds and driving rain occurring frequently. This results in extensive damage to the building fabric, and affects the internal climate which leads to a serious issue in building construction. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model of airflow around the building is investigated. This investigation is part of ongoing research on wind-driven rain which has established the importance of moisture stresses, wind flow and rain impacts on a commercial building. The full scale experimental facility which includes anemometers, rain gauge, driving rain gauges and sensors is described. To supplement this, a sophisticated laser precipitation monitor (disdrometer) was installed, which collects rain data every 1-minute. This provides accurate measurement of drop size and speed of the falling raindrops which plays an important role in wind-driven rain studies. Comparisons with numerical simulations and experimental data were predicted. Results shows that the average predominantly wind direction for the sample test period is from south-west (223 from north) and the driving rain during this period is 86.8 mm for the west facing façade and 193.4 mm for the south facade. From the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, it is predicted that the change in velocity profile along the laser strip is due to the test building and the disdrometer head itself, which ultimately affects the driving rain calculations.


The study was conducted at Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India, among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients to determine the resistance pattern to first-line drugs. Sputum samples were collected from 56 (42 new and 14 previously treated) patients and were tested at Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar. Resistance to any anti-tubercular drug was observed to be 2.18% among new cases and 7.14% among previously treated patients, while multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was found to be 0% in new as well as in previously treated cases. The study reports an unchanged low level of MDR-TB prevalence among new cases in the district over a decade. Such a low level of resistance may be due to good adherence to the basic DOTS plus strategy and limited use of TB drugs outside the ongoing program.


Simulation is a widespread procedure for testing and understanding real systems. Internet has a great impact in our society. Everyone wants fast and reliable links. But there are situations when congestion happens because the network delay and the number of users fluctuate from one moment to the next. There are different approaches for dealing with congestion: classics (such as drop tail or RED) or process control techniques (PID, fuzzy or predictive control among others). Future engineers need to learn about this topic. It seems logical to simulate this problem, but, should all the different techniques be implemented? Or should the students learn how to program some mechanisms? The answer is neither unique nor easy. This paper presents a combined approach of ready and self-programmed methods combined with tutorials using OPNET.


In our recent paper ' Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-forti fi ed margarine and milk alter birth weight? A societal experiment ' published in British Journal of Nutrition we explored the association between a national vitamin D forti fi cation programmes of margarine and milk and birth weight (1) . Based on available of fi cial documents from the Nordic Council of Ministers the initiation of vitamin D forti fi cation of margarine was introduced in 1961 (2) . However, we have recently uncovered evidence from old law texts that questions this onset date. This information source suggests that mandatory forti fi cation apparently started even before World War II for vitamin D and for vitamin A (3) . While this new evidence makes the onset date of the vitamin D forti fi cation of margarine uncertain all sources of information that we have come across con fi rms that the date of termination of the forti fi cation programme was indeed in 1985 (4) . For the voluntary vitamin D forti fi cation of milk insecurity has arisen about the termination date in 1976. A similar Ministerial order that cancelled the permission to fortify milk in 1976 (5) appears to have been issued in 1974 as well (6) . Which of the two Ministerial orders that in reality cancelled the milk forti fi cation is unclear. The voluntary vitamin D forti fi cation of milk was, however, con fi rmed to commence in 1972 by all law texts (7) . During the study period margarine was also forti fi ed with vitamin A, and the new evidence reveals that the vitamin A dose was increased 25 % (from 20 to 25IU/g) in 1962 . There were also minor increases in 1971 from 25 to 26IU/g and in 1985 from 26 to 28 IU/g . Therefore, we request the editor and readers to disregard the estimates based


In an effort to understand criminal justice education comparatively, we trace the development of the field in India considering both general education and specific job training. We find that there are several key similarities and differences in comparison to the US. After discussing these findings, we raise four questions which emerge from the comparison: the national government's influence over criminal justice education; the gap between academic education and job‐related training; the influence of level of economic development on crime‐related education; and, the circumstances surrounding the influence of outsiders and outside agencies on criminal justice education.


Neuropsychological rehabilitation is a new and unproven therapeutic concept. Despite the increasing availability and popularity of this kind of therapy, its efficacy remains to be established. We studied the outcome after an outpatient neuropsychological rehabilitation program in 16 patients, most of whom were young men with closed head injury. The program involved extensive pre-entry screening, cognitive retraining, traditional counseling services, and neurological and medical care. Most patients had pre-entry and postexit neuropsychological testing, and other outcome criteria were also assessed. Four patients were judged to have a good outcome in terms of changes in everyday functioning, nine to have a fair outcome, and three a poor outcome. Factors that tended to be associated with a poor outcome were substance abuse, emotional disturbance, unawareness of deficits, and poor motivation to participate. Neuropsychological test improvement was not impressive and did not always accompany functional improvement. Most patients showed progress on computerized cognitive retraining tasks, but the extent to which this progress generalized to everyday functioning was quite variable. Neuropsychological rehabilitation may be useful for some carefully selected patients with acquired cerebral lesions, but methodologically sound studies on patient selection and evaluation of specific methods need to be conducted. Key Words: Neuropsychology—Rehabilitation—Acquired cerebral lesions.


The history of organization of the Ural Branch, RAS, is described through the prism of interests of scientists of the Komi Science Centre. The priority problems promoting merging of Sverdlovsk and Syktyvkar with all those difficulties and contradictions that had to be overcome in the course of the organization of the regional Branch are shown. Positive and negative results of this merging are given.


A new and simple, rapid, isocratic, normal phase chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the enantiomeric separation of (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCTN), ((4S)-4-ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b] quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione), an anti-cancer drug substance. The enantiomers of 10-HCTN were resolved on a Chiralpak IC (immobilized polysaccharide chiral stationary phase) column using a mobile phase consisting of n-hexane:ethanol (50:50 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. The resolution between both enantiomers was greater than 3 in the optimized method. The developed method was extensively validated and proved to be robust, enantioselective, accurate, precise, and suitable for quantitative determination of (R)-enantiomer in bulk drug substance and product.


Abstract Identifiability analysis is an essential tool for parameter estimation of dynamic models. The objective of this technique is to verify which parameters of this model should be identified. This paper proposes a new methodology, based in control system theory applied to the local sensitivity analysis of the model. First, the sensitivity matrix is scaled by applying an optimization problem that minimizes the condition number of the system. Then, analyzing the NSRGA matrix of the system, the most appropriated subset of parameters to be estimated is selected. To assess the proposed methodology, a case study is presented.


Abstract A fine-mesh 20-level, primitive equation model is used as a tool for preliminary study of the potential for modification of mesoscale convective systems. The governing system of the model is hydrostatic with the non-hydrostatic convective components parametrically introduced through a convective cloud model subroutine. Two modification possibilities are tested: 1) dynamic seeding, and 2) alteration of the timing and location of initial convection. Results of artificially changing the time and location of initial convection indicate that the evolution, structure, dynamics and precipitation of mesoscale systems are sensitive to the location where the initial convection happens to develop. Changing the time and location of initial convection may also substantially alter the location and significance of subsequent severe weather as well as potentially beneficial rainfall. For idealized dynamic seeding (i.e., freezing occurs at −10°C in all cloud updrafts), model results suggest that seeding enhances ...


To speak about evaluation is a very complex topic since it implies making a deep analysis of the learning process one and since the above mentioned concept has been applied in the reality, principally in the university institutions, where in general the teachers know as evaluation the qualification or marks that they can assign to his/her pupils to check the successful learnings. The goal of this research is to propose some alternatives for transforming the evaluation of the learnings in the educational university practice. For the design of the investigation there appear two aspects to consider for the university teacher based on the instruments suggested to the teacher and the considerations that it brings over of the constructivist approach across the qualitative evaluation. In conclusion, it is possible to say that the teachers of university education apply a type of traditional evaluation, in a quantitative form, forgetting that the evaluation is an external element to the activity to learn.


With increasingly stringent fuel emission control in some river traffic control zones and inland waters, this paper addresses the problem of substandard diesel fuel emissions, relying on the theoretical basis of numerical simulation of diesel engine in-cylinder combustion. The combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-water-mixed methanol blended fuel are simulated and analyzed based on the AVL FIRE software. The combustion model of the diesel engine was established, and the changes of in-cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rate, and emission concentration were investigated for D85W10, D85W15, and D85W20 blends respectively, which were compared with diesel. The results show that as the proportion of water in the fuel mixture increases, the in-cylinder temperature gradually increases, the in-cylinder pressure slightly decreases, the heat release rate does not change much, and the NO and Soot emissions decrease.


We study the phase diagram of the 3d massless Gross–Neveu model with different numbers of fermionic species, N. Using the Optimized Perturbation Theory technique, the free energy is evaluated at finite temperature and chemical potential. The analytical results allow us to calculate critical quantities for any value of N and, in the present work, we choose de values N = 1,3,4,10. In addition, we determine the evolution of the tricritical points, in the temperature versus chemical potential plane for these different values of N.


Abstract : Heat-pulse measurements have been performed between 1.6 K and 4.2 K on degenerate n-type InAs single crystals of various concentrations. In this temperature range the propagation of phonons is ballistic. Constantan thin films were used as heaters and measurements were made for power inputs between 0.04 watts/sq mm and 50 watts/sq mm. Superconducting granular aluminum thin films or gold seeded tin thin films were used as bolometers for detection of the heat pulses. The results are compared with the earlier results in InSb. (Author)


The complexity of tourism products and the diversification of service organization demand to build tourist supply chain,which realizes the cooperation between the organizations to better meet the needs of tourists. Based on literature research in tourist supply chain,the paper puts forward that the construction of tourism supply chain is closely related to the environment of the tourism industry. The current China's tourism industry is facing new change of market environment including mass tourism,information technology,environmental capacity,tourism destination,and market environment affects the structure of tourism supply chain and the core enterprise. For the influence of tourism destination on tourism activities and public service,establishing tourism destination as the core enterprise of tourist supply chain. Eventually the paper designs the Structure model and function model of tourist supply chain based on tourism destination,which hopes to promote the sustainable development of China's tourism industry by fostering and practice tourism supply chain.


We consider scalar Wilson operators of ${\cal N}=4$ SYM at high spin, $s$, and generic twist in the multi-color limit. We show that the corresponding (non)linear integral equations (originating from the asymptotic Bethe Ansatz equations) respect certain 'reciprocity' and functional 'self-tuning' relations up to all terms $\frac{1}{s(\ln s)^n}$ (inclusive) at any fixed 't Hooft coupling $\lambda$. Of course, this relation entails straightforwardly the well-known (homonymous) relations for the anomalous dimension at the same order in $s$. On this basis we give some evidence that wrapping corrections should enter the non-linear integral equation and anomalous dimension expansions at the next order $\frac{(\ln s)^{2}}{s^2}$, at fixed 't Hooft coupling, in such a way to re-establish the aforementioned relation (which fails otherwise).


ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze the effect of phytogenic additives based on cardol, cardanol, and ricinoleic acid on the physico-chemical qualities and biochemical parameters of Holstein cow milk. Nineteen animals were divided into the control (GI) and treatment (GII) groups. Prior to the beginning of the experiment, sodium monensin was removed from the feed provided to the animals. This study consisted of two phases. In the first, animals from GI received the standard diet, without additives, while animals from GII received the standard diet supplemented with 10 g of phytogenic additives for 60 days. At the end of the first stage, the animals remained 30 days without receiving additives and in the second phase the groups were inverted, and the GII again received the phytogenic additive during the subsequent 60 days. Physical-chemical analyzes of milk were performed at moments 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of the experiment and the blood parameters at times 0 and 60 days of the experiment were evaluated. There was no significant difference for the treatment x time interaction in any of the variables, but there was a trend between groups for the CCS parameter and there was a statistical difference for the protein, as well as for the AST. In this study it is observed that the addition of phytogenic additive modulating rumen fermentation based on cardol, cardanol and ricinoleic acid does not compromise, in general, the quality of milk, with positive results for some specific parameters such as protein content and aminotransferase.


The present disclosure ship time articles of manufacture in the facility, to guess the cost or price of the article of manufacture, discloses a supply chain management system capable of dynamically controlling the supply chain performance.


Money laundering is the process where criminals use financial services to move massive amounts of illegal money to untraceable destinations and integrate them into legitimate financial systems. It is very crucial to identify such activities accurately and reliably in order to enforce an anti-money laundering (AML). Despite tremendous efforts to AML only a tiny fraction of illicit activities are prevented. From a given graph of money transfers between accounts of a bank, existing approaches attempted to detect money laundering. In particular, some approaches employ structural and behavioural dynamics of dense subgraph detection thereby not taking into consideration that money laundering involves high-volume flows of funds through chains of bank accounts. Some approaches model the transactions in the form of multipartite graphs to detect the complete flow of money from source to destination. However, existing approaches yield lower detection accuracy, making them less reliable. In this paper, we employ semi-supervised graph learning techniques on graphs of financial transactions in order to identify nodes involved in potential money laundering. Experimental results suggest that our approach can sport money laundering from real and synthetic transaction graphs.


The dynamic properties of the assistant sounders in the black cicada are given and the twitching properties of Contraction in the sounding muscle are revealed in this paper.
For the operculum, tymbal cover and joint membrane, each of their vibration periods consists of three subgroup vibrations (SGV_(a,b,c)) corresponding to amplitude-modulation pulse trains (AMPT_(1,2,3)) in every syllable of synchro song. In comparison with the vibration at dorsum, the SGV_(a-c) have a subband with the function of regulating the tone. During calling song continuously, the pressure change inside the resonant cavity and the airspeed through the spiracles on both sides are about 7. 94—15.88 Paand 0.59—0.84 cm~3/s respectively, and they increase by about 7 and 2.6 times as the abdomen is moved. When the contraction motion of the sounding muscle comes up to the critical Sounding state, it further produces the twitching process, and drives the sounding membrane and the toning plate-membrane to produce AMPT_(1-3) and SGV_(a-c).


J. S. Mill's Mental Crisis has been explained by his instrumentalist view of practical rationality, and by his associationist psychology. While the argument is present in his Autobiography, the diagnosis cannot be squared with the three accounts of his recovery that he also gives. What the instrumentalism does explain is Mill's lifelong need for authority figures.


We describe some recent development of nonparametric methods for estimating conditional quantile functions using additive models with total variation roughness penalties. We focus attention primarily on selection of smoothing parameters and on the con


We study the effect of doping density on the performance of inverted metamorphic ~1 eV GaInAs solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy. We find that the doping efficiency of Se in this material is extremely high, with 5x1017 cm-3 being the lowest controlled value we could achieve with our present Se source. We compared rear heterojunction devices grown with intentional n-doping of 5x1017 cm-3 and unintentional n-doping of 5x1015 cm-3. The intentionally doped sample exhibited an open circuit voltage ~80 mV higher than the unintentionally doped sample due to reduced dark current, and a bandgap voltage offset, or W<inf>OC</inf>, of 0.407 V. We believe that future doping optimization will improve carrier collection and W<inf>OC</inf> in these devices.


Background: In cirrhotic patients undergoing ano-rectal surgery, spinal anesthesia/analgesia remains a challenge. Coagulopathy and intraoperative hypotension represent a major challenge for the anesthetist during spinal anesthesia in those patients. This study was designed to examine the efficacy and the adverse effects of ropivacaine (plain, hyperbaric) spinal anesthesia for anorectal surgery in cirrhotic. Material and Methods: Forty known cirrhotic patients categorized as Child-A, scheduled for anorectal surgery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups. Patients received 2.0 ml ropivacaine 0.6% (6 mg/ml), either in plain solution (group I) or with glucose (hyperbaric) group II. 10μg fentanyl was added for each solution. The extent and duration of sensory and motor block, pulse rate, blood pressure, and time to mobilization were recorded. Any unwanted effects related to spinal blockade were also recorded. Results: There were significant differences in median time to onset of sensory block at T10 (plain 9 min; hyperbaric 3 min; P<0.01), median maximum extent (plain T8; hyperbaric T6; P<0.05), and median duration of sensory block at T10 (plain 66 min; hyperbaric 113 min; P<0.01). However, median times to complete regression of both sensory (183 vs 156 min; P<0.05) and motor (158 vs 123 min; P<0.05) block were longer in the plain group. Patients mobilized sooner in the hyperbaric group (plain 192 vs hyperbaric 131 min; P<0.01). All the hyperbaric blocks were adequate for surgery, but three patients receiving plain ropivacaine required sedative/analgesic bolus during anal dilatation. Conclusion: The practice of spinal anesthesia in patients with mild cirrhosis is a safe and reliable anesthetic technique. Addition of glucose 50 mg/ml to plain ropivacaine 6% increases the speed of onset, block reliability, duration of useful block for ano-rectal surgery, and speed of recovery. Moreover hemodynamic stability is a prominent feature of that block.


This article explores three primary reasons why engineers and scientists struggle in their attempts to build community consensus for risk-based decisions: (1) They view community relations as an obligation rather than an opportunity; (2) Their communication focuses more on information than influence; and (3) They mistakenly attempt to elevate facts over feelings. It then offers guidance on how to avoid these common mistakes.


The title phases are obtained in high yield from the reactions of stoichiometric quantities of Y, YI/sub 3/, and graphite at 850-950/degree/C in welded Nb containers. The crystal structures of the two phases determined by standard x-ray diffraction means are related to those published for Er/sub 4/I/sub 5/ and Er/sub 6/I/sub 7/ (C2/m, Z = 2, /alpha/ = 18.479 (6) and 21.557 (8) /angstrom/, b = 3.947 (1) and 3.909 (1) /angstrom/, c = 8.472 (3) and 12.374 (6) /angstrom/, /beta/ = 103.22 (4) and 123.55 (3)/degree/, R/R/sub w/ = 4.6/5.4 and 3.2/3.7% for Y/sub 4/I/sub 5/C and Y/sub 6/I/sub 7/C/sub 2/, respectively). The two compounds contain infinite single and double chains of carbon-centered yttrium octahedra, respectively, condensed by edge-sharing and sheathed by edge-bridging iodine atoms together with square-planar iodine atoms that bridge between chains. Extended Hueckel MO band calculations were carried out for the empty and the carbon-centered compounds in both structures. Metal-based bands near E/sub F/ in the empty chains exhibit characteristic strong interactions with carbon valence orbitals that generate low-lying valence bands. E/sub F/ in both cases falls within a broad, metal-based conduction band. Resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on Y/sub 6/I/sub 7/C/sub 2/ support the predictedmore » metallic character. 26 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.« less


Demands on the Oil & Gas industry are driving continual improvement in Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) performance, which in turn the business performance of an organization. It has been widely accepted in the industry that a structured safety culture and its implementation coupled with visible leadership and commitment directly affects HSE performance. Developing Safety Culture is a complex process, and yet it is inevitable for any organization to excel. An Organization's safety culture reflects the leadership & commitment, and values that employees share regarding HS&E.


Bambusoideae (bamboos), comprising 1,680+ species, is one of 12 subfamilies within the Poaceae representing the only one to diversify primarily in association with forests. Bamboos are classified into three tribes: Arundinarieae (temperate woody bamboos, 581 species), Bambuseae (tropical woody bamboos, 976 species) and the Olyreae (herbaceous bamboos, 123 species). The Arundinarieae is primarily of eastern Asia and has no native species in the American tropics. Bambuseae consists of two major clades, the Paleotropical (PWB, 554 species) and the Neotropical woody bamboos (NWB, 422 species), and is distributed broadly in the tropics and subtropics with a few taxa in subtemperate regions, and extensive diversity in montane systems. Except for 1 genus endemic to New Guinea, and 1 species occurring in both the Neotropics and Africa, the rest of the Olyreae is restricted to the Neotropics. Olyreae typically inhabit the understory, with some adapted to gaps and edges, but the woody bamboos mostly occupy gaps and edges or open habitats. Recent bamboo studies are based on both floristics and molecular phylogenomics using both plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. In the usual absence of flowering material, complete vegetative collections are essential for discovery and identification. Previously reported relationships of subtribes within the NWB clade and the Olyreae continue to be supported, but molecular data suggest some generic realignments and new species continue to be described. Brazil has the greatest diversity of both NWB and Olyreae, but the Andes, Panama/Costa Rica, Mexico and the West Indies also harbor significant diversity and endemism. In the Neotropics, Chusquea, Guadua, Merostachys and Pariana still require significant taxonomic attention. Phylogenetic hypotheses require additional sampling of critical taxa before biogeographic patterns can be fully explored and classification stabilized; bamboo ecology and reproductive biology remain understudied.


In this paper we study the problem of synthesizing an internally stabilizing controller for a given plant such that a given closed loop transfer function is extended strictly positive real. Necessary and sufficiency conditions for the existence of controllers are obtained State space formulate for the controller design are given in terms of solutions to algebraic Riccati equations (or inequalities). The order of the constructed controller does not exceed that of the plant. These results have immediate applications in robust/nonlinear control.


This paper enhances a software based framework to dynamically scale power and performance with high accuracy in a resource limited embedded system, like cellular phones and PDAs. Key challenges for such a framework are accurate forecasting of dynamic resource demands inherent in the workloads. In this paper we describe three innovative methods: (1) smart forecast method based on linear and non-linear filtering models; (2) policy decision based on high fidelity memory and computation characterization; and (3) adaptive sampling period to adapt to dynamic changes in the workloads. Power and performance framework driven by the proposed algorithms reduces power consumption thus improving battery lifetime for the end-user.


This paper describes the design and manufacturing of the AgustaWestland flight mechanics simulator for rotorcraft design. The aims of the simulator are the design of the handling qualities of any new rotorcraft, the simulation of flight manoeuvres, including those following engine failures and tail rotor loss, the instruments panel lay-out optimisation, etc.. The simulator has no motion capability and it is equipped with a pilot seat plus one assistant seat with no command lines. The pilot's flight controls have four Moog motors for control loading of the feedback force. The simulator is driven by a home code named SIMENV that interfaces all the off the shelf software packages running in the simulation of rotorcraft flight (MATLAB®, VEGA®, VAPS®, Flightlab®). The out of the window display is provided by three video projectors on an emicylindrical screen with 6m of diameter. Two more LCD monitors, placed near the pilot's feet, give the ground view, so that the feeling of being onboard is increased and take-off and landing manoeuvres can be simulated. A cluster of 13 PCs give the computational power for real time simulation and visual generation. The simulator described in the paper is now operational and currently used to improve the factory design chain efficiency. This paper presents also some diagrams explaining the activity of simulation performed to validate this design tool. Results obtained are good and the simulator ongoing work plays an important role in the conceptual phase of AgustaWestland helicopter design process. By this, not only engineers but also the pilot can now be involved in the helicopter design from the initial phase of the activity process.


Small, decentralized hydroelectric stations can aid rural development in many developing nations. The stations improve productivity, contribute to the development of women by powering small agro-industries, and have little environmental impact. Many developing countries have the ability to plan, construct, and operate small stations. Civil structures can be built wholly in the country, and nations such as China, Nepal, and India are building turbines and even load controllers. Problems include high initial costs, low load factors, and dependence on meteorological conditions, but under the right circumstances, small hydro is clearly an appropriate technology.


For the molecular circuits requiring some forms of power gain and signal restoration, three-terminal molecular device is of great importance.We propose a generic universal device model(UDM) that captures the molecular device behavior such that circuit simulation and design become possible at the nanoscale level.We also present the theoretical design flow using UDM, and have given circuit examples that show the UDM in action.


The effects chemical pre-treatment on the vitamin C and total soluble solids of whole red bell pepper was investigated. Response surface methodology on Box –Behnken design was used to optimise process variable and significant difference was observed at 0.05% level. 17 combinations include 5 replicates of the central point were performed in random order for the independent variables.
The vitamin C decrease with increase in temperature. Temperature slightly affect total soluble solids. The optimum condition for pre-treating of pepper were found to be 0.3% concentration of potassium metabisulphite plus 1% calcium chloride, 69.950C for blanching temperature and 1 minute blanching time was obtained as the processing variables.


Objective To detect the effects of acute moderately hypoxia on the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α in the brain cortex of rats with brain injury and to explore the traumagenic mechanism of secondary insult of hypoxia following the brain injury. Methods Ninety male SD rats were randomly separated into 6 groups( n =15): control group, traumatic group(modified Marmarou model group), hypoxia for 10 min group, hypoxia for 30min group, hypoxia for 10 min following traumatic brain injury group and hypoxia for 30 min following traumatic brain injury group. Four hours after different treatments were performed, brain specimens of each group of rats were obtained for immunohistochemistry staining, HE staining and electron microscopy detection. Damaged neurons and positive mGluR1α neurons in each high powered field were counted. The data of different groups were treated with factorial analysis and variance analysis. Results As compared with control group, the hypoxia for 10 min or 30 min had no evident effects on the microscopic structure, ultrastructure and the number of positive mGluR1α neurons of normal rats cortex ( P 0.05);As compared with traumatic group, hypoxia for 10 min following brain injury also had no obvious effects on the microscopic structure, ultrastructure and the number of positive mGluR1α neurons in the cortex of rats ( P 0.05); while hypoxia for 30 min following brain injury induced evident changes of microscopic structure and ultrastructure of brain cortex, and the number of positive mGluR1α neurons were significantly increased ( P 0.01). Conclusion Moderate acute hypoxia for 30 min following the brain injury may exacerbate the primary neuronal damage, and increase the number of positive mGluR1α neurons, which imply that mGluR1α is involved in the traumagenic process induced by secondary hypoxia.


The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is posing a threat to all populations, especially those with underlying diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, or kidney diseases ([1][1],[2][2]). Patients with kidney failure who require hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD


In this paper, the process of spam categorization based on character level; content-based approach has been demonstrated. Spam categorization has been performed by using N-gram technique. The general technique of using N-grams on words, creating a "Bag of Words" representation of documents, has been replaced by 'Bag of Characters'.'Bag of Character' is created by treating the whole email document as a single string and splitting it character-wise. In this approach, multiple N-grams i.e. bi-grams, tri-grams and quad-grams have been used simultaneously. It results in 'bag of character' representation of email documents containing N-grams of sizes 2, 3 and 4. It enhances the results by enabling us to solve the problems occurring in Word N-grams. All the experiments have been performed on Ling Spam Corpus.


Pitched squarely toward the serious and specialized end of basin analysis, Philip Allen (Imperial College of London) and John Allen (BHP Billiton Petroleum) provide in this book an updated comprehensive overview of large-scale crustal and related basin processes. It is important to note that the authors did not include the word "sedimentary" in the title; this book is not just about sedimentary basins, but also the lithosphere as a whole.

With a strong emphasis on quantifying tectonic, depositional, and postdepositional processes, the focus of the second edition of this book is very much oriented toward the structure and modeling of basins—specifically, their geodynamic drivers, mass balance, and burial effects. Those familiar with the first edition of this popular book (Allen and Allen, 1990) will immediately notice major changes in the second edition: not only is it …


The Ayakkumsko-Ust-Urt zone of uplifts is located in northeastern Ust-Urt and the northwestern Aral area. During 1964-65 a large volume of structural xploration drilling and geophysical surveys was carried out in this territory with the result that a gas field was discovered (1). The new data obtained threw much light on the tectonics and gas potential of the area. At the present time within the limits of the Ayakkumsko-Ust-Urt zone of uplifts the following have been encountered: Tasaran and Saksaul formations of the upper Eocene, Chegan formation of the lower Oligocene, and rocks of the middle and upper Oligocene, and the lower, middle, and upper Miocene (1). The thickness of the section encountered was 600 m. The Ayakkumsko-Ust-Urt zone of uplifts is located in the region of junction of the large North Ust-Urt downwarp, which extends in an almost east-west direction through all of North Ust-Urt, and the Chelkar downwarp, which has an almost north-south trend. See Fig. 1. The central part of this zone, the Bazay uplift, has received the most study. This uplift, as is evident from the structure map (Fig. 2), extends from northeast Ust-Urt first in a northeast direction, then beginning with the Zhaksy-Koyakulak Mountains almost in a north-south direction to the Sands of Ayakkum. The uplift appears again from beneath then to the northeast and continues for a considerable distance. The Bazay uplift is almost symmetrical; dips on the flanks are 30-45'. The crest


. We consider the problem of active one-shot classification where a classifier needs to adapt to new tasks by requesting labels for one example per class from (potentially many) unlabeled examples. We propose a clustering approach to the problem. The features extracted with Prototypical Networks [1] are clustered using K-means and the label for one representative sample from each cluster is requested to label the whole cluster. We demonstrate good performance of this simple active adaptation strategy using image data.


Objective To provide the anatomic base for protecting the facial nerve in the transpetrosal approach. Methods On 20 sides of 10 adult cadaver heads fixed in formalin, the anatomy of the facial nerve and the relationship of related structures were observed and measured by mimicking the actual surgical procedure under surgical microscope. Results The facial nerve canal may be divided into 3 portions: the labyrinthine, the tympanic and the mastoid. Lengths of the 3 portions were ( 3.2± 0.9)mm, ( 11.7± 1.5)mm and ( 13.9± 1.8)mm; diameters of the 3 portions were ( 1.1± 0.2)mm, ( 1.4± 0.1)mm and ( 1.6± 0.2)mm, respectively. The facial nerve canal measurements included angle for the first genu, which was 71.0°± 11.7°, and the second genu had an angle of 106.6°± 7.7°. The anatomic landmarks of the facial nerve were: ①Pyramidal eminence was the landmark of the second genu, while the line between it and stylomastoid forma was the landmark of the mastoid portion; ② The facial hiatus of the temporal bone was an important landmark in recognizing the geniculate ganglion; ③ The distance from the mastoid portion to the Henlen's spine was ( 5.0± 1.3)mm. Conclusion Learning the anatomic landmarks and characteristics of the facial nerve by heart would help to protect the nerve.


iv, 27c?: The words Buddhasya vaisd niyatam mariisd must be in some way corrupt, and the translation " Or so the Buddha certainly thought " is unacceptable to me. For how could the Buddha, who is omniscient, cherish such an apparently false idea ? According to my opinion, we must certainly read caisd, and translate: " And such was evidently the Buddha's wish," i.e. Buddha wished to pass unnoticed because he knew that he would thus force Nanda to pay him a visit. v, 41 : JcdksaI have found in MBh. i, 68, 53 (Poona):—


Wiesehofer addresses the difficult topic of anti-monarchic discourse in Achaemenid Iran, complementing the scant evidence with a rich methodological framework. In the prefatory section, he remarks that the discourse on ancient Near Eastern monarchy seldom refers to 'the different perspectives of authors or artists' and 'to the regional and diachronic variety', reminding that kingship had been 'an object of systematic reflection' since the Sumerian King List. Before addressing the topic from t...


Recently, some weakly supervised multi-object tracking (MOT) methods learn identity embedding features with pseudo identity labels rather than the high-cost manual ones. However, these pseudo identity labels may contain many false or missing identities, which adversely affect the optimization of tracking networks, resulting in interrupted trajectories of occluded targets. To effectively reconnect the interrupted trajectories caused by noisy pseudo labels, we propose a novel weakly supervised MOT method based on a Trajectory-Reconnecting Transformer (TRTMOT). TRT-MOT performs feature decoupling to extract discriminative embedding features for reconnecting trajectories of occluded targets. Experimental results show that TRTMOT outperforms previous weakly supervised MOT methods by at least +3.6 and +5.6 on MOTA for the MOT17 and MOT20 datasets, respectively.


ABSTRACT For dynamically consistent, high-resolution, yet cost-effective regional oceanic downscaling modelling, an empirical three-dimensional (3D) density estimate based on publicly available datasets is utilized for the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) with simple data assimilation (i.e., TS nudging, where TS stands for temperature and salinity). We rely on a method built upon the two-layer model to reconstruct a mesoscale 3D temperature and salinity field, referred to as Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT)-TS, using near real-time altimeter-derived dynamic height along with Argo float profiling data. The TUMSAT-TS is first validated using in situ hydrographic data, then is implemented in the Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment (JCOPE2)-ROMS downscaling system for the Kuroshio region off Japan. We explore the usability of TUMSAT-TS by carrying out three comparative simulations with temperature and salinity nudging towards the (i) TUMSAT-TS and (ii) JCOPE2-TS fields, and (iii) without the nudging. Whereas the unassimilated case fails to properly account for the Kuroshio, both datasets individually are found to help reproduce the mesoscale variability of the Kuroshio, as well as its transient paths, volume transport, associated kinetic energy (KE) and eddy KE, and seasonally varying stratification.


This paper presents the optimization of the satellite antenna profile (SAP) to minimize the angular jerk which is the time derivative of the angular acceleration. The method of moving asymptotes (MMA), which is a gradient-based optimization algorithm, is employed to solve the optimization problem. The sequential angle of the SAP is defined as the design variable for the optimization. The off-pointing margin angle, which is the maximum allowable range of the satellite antenna rotation for the communication with the ground station, is used for the side limits of the design variable. Three constraint sets with one objective function are formulated as the optimization problem. The objective function is the total sum of the squared angular jerk. The first set of constraints is the angular velocity and acceleration, the second is the angular jerk alone, and the third is the angular velocity, acceleration, and jerk. In numerical examples, two real SAPs are used for implementing the proposed optimization algorithm. The optimization results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with great reduction of the angular jerk. The objective function and the computation time for the three sets of the optimization problems are compared and discussed.


In some institutions of continuous education in the Republic of Moldova there is no course in Applied Statistics for Teacher taught. Because of this, the graduates encounter some difficulties in processing the experimental data. Through this article, the authors propose suggestions and models for data processing for additional qualification / requalification theses.


A stringing Electromagnetic ban-gap (S-EBG) structure is proposed in this paper for coupling reduction of microstrip antenna array. The The S-EBG is constructed by interlinking three mushroom-type EBG in a line with a strip. While in the antenna element assembling direction, it is only one period and maintains a compact array. The structure is easy fabrication, assembling and no etching in the ground plane. A reference microstrip antenna array (RMAA), one conventional mushroom-type (CMT-EBG) element loaded microstrip antenna array (O-CMT-EBG-LMAA), and three CMT-EBG elements loaded microstrip antenna array (T-CMT-EBG-LMAA) were also studied. Research found over 20 dB coupling reduction is achieved by the S-EBG. Thus, the proposed S-EBG is good candidate for array coupling reduction.


We introduce a privacy management approach that leverages users' memory and opinion of their friends to set policies for other similar friends. We refer to this new approach as Same-As Privacy Management. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our privacy management improvements, we implemented a prototype Facebook application and conducted an extensive user study. We demonstrated considerable reductions in policy authoring time using Same-As Privacy Management over traditional group based privacy management approaches. Finally, we presented user perceptions, which were very encouraging.


Since the central role of quantum harmonic oscillator for the model of the QFT, in this paper, we aim to reconsider the quantum harmonic oscillator within the framework of the QCPB theory. it hopefully expects to get a complete geometric model for the QFT. Meanwhile, Hilbert-P´olya conjecture can be solved inevitably, we found such Hermitian operator ˆ w ( cl ) ∈ Her for answering the Hilbert-P´olya conjecture that has't been found before, then we have certainly asserted the physical essence of Riemann hypothesis expressed by ζ ( ρ ) = ζ ( (cid:37)/ (cid:126) ) = 0 in non-trivial zeros ρ = 1 / 2 + √− 1 w ( q ) . By analyzing deeply, we discover that the zero point energy has some connects with the Hilbert-P´olya conjecture (cid:98) H ( hp ) = (cid:126) ω/ 2 − √− 1 (cid:126) (cid:98) w ( cl ) . And, we further develop the creation and annihilation operators in a general form which results in some useful results.


【Objective】To compare the apical sealing ability of root canal filling using cold lateral condensation with one of the four methods of thermoplasticized gutta-percha. 【Method】Fifty-four root canals of 54 freshly extracted human teeth with single canal were divided into five groups randomly after preparation. The root canals were obturated with cold lateral condensation, warm lateral condensation technique, Thermafil, warm verticalcondensation technique and injectable thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique, respectively. The leaked conditionwas measured by dye infiltration test. Linear dye penetration was measured under stereomicroscope with calibratedeye piece.【Results】The leaked lengths(medium) of cold lateral condensation group, warm lateral condensationtechnique group, warm vertical condensation technique group, Thermafil group and injectable thermoplasticizedgutta-percha technique group were 1.55, 0.85, 0.65, 0.50, and 0.40 mm, respectively. There was significantdifference in leaked lengths between thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique group and cold lateral condensationgroup (P 0.05). Among thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique groups, significant difference in leaked lengthswas found only between warm vertical condensation technique group and thermafil group (P 0.05).【Conclusion】Thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques showed better apical sealing ability compared with cold lateral condensation. Among the four thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques, the injectable thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique displays the best apical sealing ability.


Recent literature on materiality and collaborations brought attention to the role of objects in human-material interactions. We carried out an eight month ethnography in a fashion design brand to document how innovation processes in teams develop from the idea to the final product. The paper illustrates what objects are used, where they fit into the literature on sociomateriality, boundary objects, and objects of expertise, and how categorizing them benefits the professionals using these objects. By observing the participants' work practices closely we could identify the micro-processes involved in developing a product in a team and collaborating with outside experts to present the outcome. Our findings show that objects influence/determine decisions in all three theoretical categories, as objects which provide infrastructure, facilitate communication, and motivate collaboration. We contribute a model that illustrates the theoretical categories of objects in a pyramid and show how the micro-processes of c...


A class of strategies has been proposed to reduce contrail formation in the United States airspace. A 3D grid based on weather data is built and the cruising altitude level of aircraft is adjusted to avoid the persistent contrail potential area with the consideration to fuel-eciency. In this paper, the authors introduce a contrail avoidance strategy on 3D grid by considering additional operationally feasible constraints from an air trac controllers aspect. First, shifting too many aircraft to the same cruising level will make the miles-in-trail at this level smaller than the safety separation threshold. Furthermore, the high density of aircraft at one cruising level may exceed the manageable workload for the trac controller. Therefore, in our new model we restrict the number of total aircraft at each level. Second, the aircraft count variation for successive intervals can not be too drastic since the workload to manage climbing/descending aircraft is much larger than managing cruising aircraft. The contrail reduction problem is formulated as integer programming and the problem is shown to have the property of total unimodularity. Solving the corresponding relaxed linear programming with the simplex method provides an optimal and integral solution to the problem. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the methodology.


Between December 1988 and June 1992 in Benin the Central National University Hospital in Cotonou had 42 patients 15-54 years old with cases of shingles (herpes zoster). Physicians used data on 39 of these cases to determine the positive predictive value of herpes zoster for HIV infection. 16 of the 39 shingles cases tested positive for HIV antibodies. The positive predictive value of herpes zoster for HIV infection was 41.02% which high in this region of high HIV endemicity. Overall 18% had cephalic shingles Cephalic shingles was more common among HIV-positive shingles cases than among HIV-negative cases (37.5% vs. 4%). Cephalic herpes zoster increased the positive predictive value for HIV infection. All 4 persons with complications had cephalic shingles and were HIV positive. A 42-year old woman suffered from facial paralysis. A 34-year-old-man had acute fatal bronchitis. All patients who presented with itchy dome-shaped lesions with a small transient vesicle on top followed by crusting or thickening and hardening were infected with HIV.


Haploid cells of Physarum flavicomum differentiating to dormant microcysts exhibited prominent Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and autophagic vacuoles digesting intracellular materials. Total intracellular acid proteinase activities, as well as enzyme specific activity, increased during the encystment process. Lysosomes, isolated by fractionation of cell extracts on sucrose density gradients, were identified by their ultrastructural characteristics as well as their content of the following enzymes of high specific activity: acid proteinase, acid β-galactosidase, acid phosphatase, and β-glucuronidase. The lysosomal acid proteinase was chromatographically purified, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 32 000. The proteinase was most stable in the pH range of 2–3 which similarly corresponds to its pH optimum using hemoglobin and Azocasein, respectively, as substrates. Its isoelectric point was about 2. The enzyme exhibited little activity and was unstable at pH 7 and above. The rate of activity of the prote...


In the not too distant past, hospital air control, as we know it today, existed neither in fact nor in principle. Reliance was placed on systems little more sophisticated than a central boiler for the provision of heat and the opening of windows for ventilation. While such an air handling configuration strikes us as being rather primitive, judgmental evaluation would vary with the socio-economic environment within which it was made. For example, a 1970 textbook dealing with the general topic of disinfection contains a chapter contributed by a prominent Russian authority on hospital disinfection in the Soviet Union. In emphasizing the importance of air hygiene, the author explains that wards are aired by the periodic opening of "fortochkas" which are small hinged window panes within the larger window. It is indicated that "fortochkas" are opened at least four times a day in the winter, and an effort is made to leave them open constantly during the spring and summer. It is indeed fortuitous that we are not assembled here today to ponder the proper balancing of "fortochka" openings.


Modulation analysis is a dispensable item for the quality evaluating of GNSS signal. Tradition method based on instruments is limited to process signal with low dynamic although its accuracy is very high. This paper proposes a new method for modulation constellation analysis using GNSS software defined radio(SDR) receiver, which makes good use of the tracking module of SDR receiver to accommodate signal with great dynamic. The experiment results demonstrate the similarity between the accuracy of this method and that of instruments, as well as adaptability for signal with different dynamic.


This paper proposes a new metric, called Context Based Covariance, to capture contextual information intrinsic to m ultivariate data. Based on this concept, a minimum distance classifier is designed, and its applicability to the domain o f supervised machine learning is discussed. The performance of the proposed metric is compared with conventional minimum distance classifiers based on Mahalanobis distance and Euclidean distance.


Gerald F Watts, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital; Christian Schwabe, Auckland Clinical Studies; Russell Scott, Christchurch Hospital; Patrick Gladding, Auckland City Hospital; David R Sullivan, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; John Baker, Middlemore Hospital; Peter Clifton, University of South Australia; James Hamilton, Bruce Given, Stacey Melquist, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals; Josh Knowles, Stanford University Medical Center, FALK CVRC; Robert A Hegele, Robarts Research Institute; Christie M Ballantyne, Baylor College of Medicine


This paper proposes a compact three-pole planar tunable bandpass filter (BPF) covering the sub-6 GHz spectrum for 5G wireless communications. The microstrip BPF utilizes three open-loop ring resonators with 50 Ω transmission line impedances for input/output terminals. The coupling coefficients between the adjacent resonators and the external quality factors are controlled to resonate the designed filter at 3.5 GHz with third-order bandpass Butterworth characteristics. The varactor diode and biasing circuit are modelled to tune the resonant frequency in the desirable band. The filter is implemented and measured on a Rogers RO3010 substrate with a relative dielectric constant εr= 10.2 and a compact size of 17×5×1.27 mm3, and is optimized and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST) tool. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results.


We performed a characterization of the liposome form factor, P (q), experimentally based on SLS measurements and analytically described by a multimodal approach which takes into account different particle size populations. With this approach we avoid those systematic errors involved in the Laplace transform of the field autocorrelation function, gE(q; τ), obtained by a DLS measurement which, in principle, could contain a wide spectrum of relaxation modes (H. Schnablegger and O. Glatter, Appl. Opt. 30, 4889 (1991), Ref. [80] in the main text).


Chinese architecture must bring forth new ideas while inherit traditions,and develop modern form in order to meet with the needs. This kind of development is neither the modern reproduction of the tradition,nor the simple transplant of foreign modern styles neglecting Chinese architectural history. Instead,it is necessary to examine the traditions from the point of view of modern society and culture,and to inherit and enhance the vital essence of traditional architecture while to use the successful experience of foreign architecture. Just between the traditional and the modern style,and between the national and world relations,a road must be found for the development of Chinese architecture.


Choose Well (CW) is a statewide contraceptive access initiative to reduce unintended pregnancy among patients utilizing federally funded family planning services. We examined CW's impact on contraceptive access at South Carolina federally qualified health centers from 2016 to 2019, which reported significantly higher increases in providing the full range of contraceptive methods and training onsite. CW prioritized ensuring change sustainability through obtaining funding and institutionalizing changes. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 31, 2023:e1-e6. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307384).


With the widespread of new energy vehicles, charging piles have also been continuously installed and constructed. In order to make the number of piles meet the needs of the development of new energy vehicles, this study aims to apply the method of system dynamics and combined with the grey prediction theory to determine the parameters as well as to simulate and analyze the ratio of vehicles to chargers. Through scenario analysis, it is predicted that by 2030, this ratio will gradually decrease from 1.79 to 1. In order to achieve this ratio as 1:1, it is necessary to speed up the construction of public charging station or private charging station. Due to global warming, the attitudes of countries towards fuel vehicles have become increasingly tough. There is huge uncertainty in the growth rate of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is recommended that the construction of charging station be deployed in advance to avoid hindering the development of electric vehicles in the future.


This book is a splendid review of renal disease written for medical students, practitioners, and those confining their practice to diseases of the kidney. The text is well written and clearly illustrated. It is divided into five sections, each of which is a chapter. The first chapter is devoted to physiology and anatomy of the kidney. The section on physiology discusses in detail the theories of urine formation, excretion of organic substances, electrolyte metabolism, acid-base equilibrium, water metabolism, hormonal regulations, etc. Keeping abreast of late advances, the author also has included the recent theories concerning the mechanism of urine concentration proposed by Wirz (so-called counter-current-distribution theory). The second chapter deals mostly with diagnostic methods. Simple urinalyses; determinations of individual constituents of the blood plasma; specific renal-function tests, including clearance methods and their interpretations, as well as radiological diagnosis and renal biopsy, are discussed in detail. In the last three chapters


Viral enteric disease imposes a considerable public health and economic burden globally in both humans and livestock. Because enteric viruses are highly transmissible and resistant to numerous control strategies, making early in-field or point-of-care detection is important. There are problems with ligand-based detection strategies (e.g., sensitivity, false positive/negatives) for virus detection. Traditional amplification-based strategies are sensitive, but not as portable or rapid. Recombinase polymerase amplification is a new isothermal technique that utilizes bacterial genome repair enzymes to rapidly amplify target sequences. This report reviews the use of recombinase polymerase amplification for virus detection, showing that the method has favorable fundamental properties supporting its promise for rapid point-of-care detection of enteric viruses.


To provide the foundations for economic and social prosperity, countries worldwide need to be making a term investment in their building assets. However, there is a lack of a systematic approach, such as manufacturing innovations, to maximize the values of building components and materials in its entire lifecycle. Steel-concrete composite floor systems are one of the most cost-effective construction systems for multi-storey steel buildings because they combine structural efficiency with the speed of construction. These advantages depend on the efficiency of combining steel and concrete structural elements to avoid their inherent disadvantages. This paper presents a solution that integrates state-of-the-art knowledge in new, fast and productive spot-welding technology and innovative cold-formed steel-concrete composite solutions. The solution proposes a new construction method as a combination of built- up cold-formed steel members and cast-in-place concrete slab. The proposed floor system offers key benefits in terms of a high degree of prefabrication, reusability and long spanning capability.


This study extends the research on emotional exhaustion by examining emotional labor that trigger employee emotional exhaustion. Specifically, we explored the relationship between emotional labor, emotional exhaustion and job attitudes. A total of 510 employees responded to surveys of emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, knowledge of job satisfaction, customer orientation, and turnover intention. Relationships were examined via multiple regression analysis. Results showed that surface acting was positively related to emotional exhaustion, and deep acting was negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Findings also indicated that the perception of emotional exhaustion was associated with lower job satisfaction and customer orientation and positively related to intention to turnover. Limitation and implication are discussed.


Viscosity (η), density (ρ), and ultrasonic velocity (V) in binary mixtures of savlon with acetone were measured at 30°C, 35°C, 40°C and atmospheric pressure by using a single-crystal interferometer at a frequency of 2 MHz. These parameters and concentrations were used to calculate adiabatic compressibility (βs), intermolecular free length (Lf), specific acoustic impedance (Z), apparent molar compressibility (φk), solvation number (Sn) and relative association (RA). The observed variation in these parameters with respect to the concentration highlights ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions were present, ion-solvent interactions were much depend the concentration of savlon in acetone.


This paper presents results of an experiment on handwritten digit recognition using a four-layered backpropagation network. The input to the network is a 105 element feature vector formed in two steps. First, morphological operations are performed on the input digit to create images of six different cavity features. Then, along with the normalized digit image, each of the cavity images is coarse-coded to produce the input vector. The network is trained on 5200 normalized, repaired digits and is tested on two other large sets. All digit samples were obtained from the United States Postal Service. The first test set, composed of 1916 digits, is used to select a decision strategy for the network which maximizes correct recognition rate while keeping the error rate under one percent. This strategy is then applied to the second test set, a true test set composed of 3568 characters, with recognition rate near 97 percent and an error rate of less than one percent. These results suggest that the use of morphologically derived features in backpropagation networks is effective for optical character recognition.


A computer program designed for the computation of gravity models of the Earth's crust and mantle, covering large areas, has been developed. Spherical phorm of Earth surface has been taken into account. Models of earth crust have been used as initial data, parameters of which (depth of boundaries and density) are set on a uniform geographic grid. For an example of workability of the program the results of testing fulfilled on the basis of a simple model of a spherical segment are pesented. In addition, the computation of mantle gravitational anomalies on the entire Earth's surface has been performed on basis of the data of the digital model Crust2.


In the present study, antiinflammatory activity of ethanol extract of Petiveria alliacea whole plant was investigated. The antiinflammatory activities of ethanol extract of whole plant of P. alliacea were evaluated by carageenan induced rat paw edema to determine its effect on acute phase of inflammation models in rats. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract of whole plant showed the presence of alkaloid, catechin, coumarin, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, steroid, phenol, glycoside and terpenoid. Maximum inhibition (76.35%) was obtained at the dose of 400 mg/kg of P. alliacea whole plant after 3h of treatment in carrageenen induced paw edema, whereas indomethacin produced 77.34% of inhibition. The present study suggested that P. alliacea whole plant extract possess strong antiinflammatory property.


PURPOSE: A device for connecting to intranet, an apparatus for controlling intranet connection of the device and a method thereof are provided to enable members of a group including a commercial enterprise to connect to the intranet of the group efficiently even when the group does not develop a server program and an application for the device directly. CONSTITUTION: A device (100) for connecting to intranet includes a first communication unit (110), a second communication unit (120) and an intranet connection unit (130). The first communication unit transmits first user information to a first server, and receives connection information of a second server corresponding to the first user information from the first server. The second communication unit connects to the second server according to the connection information, and receives application customized data according to a group from the second server, and transmits second user information to the second server. The intranet connection unit connects to the intranet through the second server by receiving authentication for connection authority from an intranet server of the intranet on the basis of the second user information. [Reference numerals] (110) First communication unit; (120) Second communication unit; (130) Intranet connection unit


Here, based on first-principles calculations, we have made a systematical study on the crystal structures, electronic structures, topological signatures, and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effects in a ...


Laboratory measurements of volumetric strain and velocity in Westerly granite are analyzed to determine the physical nature of microcracks in the rock. The commonly used factional 'sliding crack' model of dilatancy is examined in detail. The characteristics of an ensemble of sliding cracks are determined from the characteristics of the individual sliding surfaces. It is found that sliding cracks which open with a stick slip motion cannot account for the observed 'memory' of the peak stress in cycling experiments. A system of stably sliding cracks would have the required memory but would also produce a very long dead band at the beginning of sample unloading during which no change in inelastic volumetric strain could take place. An analysis of the elastic constants at the beginning of unloading shows that this dead band is not observed in laboratory experiments. This analysis shows that the sliding crack is an unlikely mechanism for dilatancy. An alternative is developed in the following paper.