UNDER this somewhat ponderous title I venture to introduce a subject which cannot fail to have some interest for those whose tastes or studies have led them into the wide fields of Old 'l'estament inquiry. It does not fall "within my present purpose, even if it were within my power, to discuss any of the recent results or speculations of criticism. Summaries of these, which appear from time to time in our magazmes and reviews, render such a task almost unnecessary. My object in th,e present paper is rather to consider the spirit in which the results of modern criticism should be accepted, taking as a conspicuous example the ascertained compilatory structure of certain books, The invitation to read a paper upon Old Testament criticism presented an opportunity for a treatment of the subject as far removed as possible from the line either of apology or of attack. It is a line of inquiry beset with peculiar difficulties in our present state of knowledge. But it offers also special compensation. For the boon of liberated religious thought, when its true character is realized, far outweighs in value the inevitable apparent loss, incidental to the adoption of views less compact, less definite, perhaps less intelligible, than those which have traditionally been accepted in the Church. 1 A paper read before the London Junior Clerical Society, at Sion College, Oct. 8th, 1889, and again, by request, before the clergy of the Rural Deanery of Chelsea, Dec. 12th, 1889.


It is the editorial policy of the AJA not to accept letters to the editors on matters of scholarly controversy, but to print articles that address specific substantive issues. Notes by E.A. Fredricksmeyer and W.M. Calder III appeared in AJA 85 (1981) 332-35 debating statements made by P.W. Lehmann in a previous issue (AJA 84 [1980] 527-31). Since Lehmann responded to these notes in AJA 86 (1982) 437-42, Calder's and Fredricksmeyer's rejoinders have been accepted for publication and appear below. The editors believe that no useful purpose can be served by further open controversy and will decline to publish any future debate on this subject. The authors are kindly requested to correspond directly on matters of


The Dobson Butte field (T139N, R96W), Stark County, North Dakota, was discovered in 1982 following a detailed seismic program. Production is primarily from a structural trap in the Interlake Formation of Silurian age. Three oil wells are presently producing from a dolomite reservoir at about 11,000 ft in depth. Primary recoverable reserves of these three producing wells is calculated to be about 2 million bbl of oil. Additional reserves will come from further development of the Interlake reservoir as well as from the deeper Red River (Ordovician) Formation. The Dobson Butte field is a nontypical oil field within the Williston basin as to its high pour point oil (90/sup 0/F), high production water cuts (85-95%), lack of good oil shows in samples, unpredictable noncontinuous oil-producing reservoirs throughout the entire 600-ft Interlake Formation, difficulty in log interpretations, and difficulty in determining the source bed. The interpretation of these nontypical characteristics of Interlake oil production in the Dobson Butte field compared to other Interlake oil production within the Williston basin will have a profound effect upon future Interlake exploration.


Kinetic studies conducted on theearly stages ofinfection ofEscherichia coli K-12 bydeoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)isolated frombacteriophage x indicate arapid adsorption ofthephage DNA toreceptor sites atthebacterial surface prior todeoxyribonuclease-insensitive incorporation. A direct relationship foundbetweenthe numberofDNA molecules adsorbed perbacterium andthemultiplicity ofhelper phageinfection indicates a requirement forhelper function during theattachment process.Anapparent lack ofattachment specificity withregard tothesourceofthe DNA preparation, tothesize oftheinhibiting fragment, tothebaseratio ofthe inhibiting DNA molecule, andto"cohesive" endssuggests anonspecific interaction between theinfectious DNA andthesites ofhelper phage attachment.


Small claims procedure and quick judicial procedure are the results of simplification of civil procedure in China.They have some similarities and differences.The trend of the judicial reform shows the increasing practical value of quick judicial procedure and the declining functional value of small claims procedure,but we cannot spurn small claims procedure just because of its comedown.The two procedures have no conflicts in nature,and both of them have the internal mechanism of introduction and reference.Therefore,it is more reasonable to improve and integrate small claims procedure and quick judicial procedure,and change the former into a part of the later.


Soil moisture is an important component of soil, and plays an important role in materials and energy exchanges between earth and atmosphere. It is also the basic parameter of crop growing and crop yield forecast. With the features of observing large area synchronously, timely, and economically, remote sensing technique makes dynamic soil water monitoring possible. This paper briefly summarizes the up-to-date progresses on the developed principle algorithms and methodologies for remote sensing of soil water content, including thermal inertia approach, crop water stress index method, normalized vegetation index scheme, ATNDVI, crop water deficit index method, vegetation condition index scheme, temperature condition index method, temperature/vegetation dryness index approach, hyper spectral remote sensing based algorithm, and microwave remote sensing orientated methodology. The features and feasibility of every discussed algorithm or approach are systematically analyzed, and the future possible prospect of the developing trend on soil moisture monitoring by remote sensing is reviewed.


This study examined the effect of mood on predictive sentence processing by older adults. A self-paced reading task was implemented among a group of younger adults and older adults to measure their performance in online sentence processing. Half of the sentences were highly predictable, whereas the other half were lowly predictable. Music was used to induce positive or negative mood. Results show that in the positive mood condition, highly predictable sentences were processed more efficiently than lowly predictable sentences in both older and younger adults, but no significant age difference was found in the effect of predictability. In the negative mood condition, younger adults processed highly predictable sentences more efficiently than lowly predictable sentences, but there was no significant difference in reading times between the different types of sentences in older adults. The findings suggest that predictive sentence processing might be inhibited by negative mood in older adults. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.


This conceptual paper examines how measures used for the determination of financial return on marketing investment be applied to the sports event industry in Canada? The study proposes a progressional research agenda which begins with identifying measures currently being used to evaluate strategic marketing objective. Following this the organization's ability to implement measures will be evaluated and then a match between measures currently being used to measure return on investment, and those proposed in the literature will be made. By answering the research questions proposed in this paper using the recommended methodology the outcome will be a consolidation of measures and a return on marketing investment methodology appropriate for use in the Canadian sports event context.


This approach has several significant precedents, including Shakespeare and His Rivals by George McMichael and Edgar M. Glenn, and The Shakespeare Claimants by H.N. Gibson (both published in 1962), as well as The Shakespeare Controversy by Warren Hope and Kim Holston (1992/2009). Allowing partisans for each candidate to make their case rather than having it presented and assessed by a singular authorial voice sets My Shakespeare apart from these predecessors.


The Longmen Mountains occured thrown landslide on high slope when "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake happened.It was usually emerge in 10 degrees to 11 degrees zone.This disaster is too difficult to predict,so it occur fast and cause heavy loss of life and property.This article,through investigation in the Chuanzhuping of Longchi Town,analyzed a typical earthquake thrown landslide,and explored the effect by topographic amplification of earthquake acceleration and motion programs of thrown landslide.


This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Anton Lamboj (2004): Pelvicachromis signatus and Pelvicachromis rubrolabiatus, two new cichlid species (Teleostei, Perciformes) from Guinea, West Africa. Zootaxa 454: 1-12, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:37FE7621-1C69-4306-B417-CF945B4D048D


Spheroidal modes of Earth's free oscillation excitated by Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake are detected by superconducting gravity observations of Canberra、Matsushiro、Membach and Metsahovi in may,2008.Results show that the errors of0S0to0S48、1S4、2S4and3S1are between 0.02‰ and 1.93‰ compared with the PREM model,and their signal-to-noise ratios are all bigger than 3.It is shown that the calculation methods are effective and the calculation results are credible.The spectral splittings of the0S2、0S3and0S4are observed,and their ratios are 1.093 40、0.674 30 and1.071 00.It is proved that Earth's rotation and ellipticity are taken as main reasons of the spectral splittings.


The SOM and OM versions of the atoms-in-molecules method are applied to calculate input data of OH and OH- fragments for a diatomics-in-molecules model of H2O. It is shown that these data are compatible with diatomic fragment matrices derived by means of a projection analysis of ab initio valence bond wave functions, and that the corresponding model adequately represents important features of the H2O ground state potential energy surface.


Data Science is an emerging program of study which, by its very nature, is interdisciplinary. This paper explores the challenge of introducing a data science program, given an established computer science program, within a liberal arts institution which has a large general education core. In addition to the challenge of creating a new program, there are several other major challenges surrounding the fact that the discipline of data science continues to evolve, and accreditation criteria are currently being developed.


The current producted strain 11 # was chosen as the starting strain for mutagenic treatment with streptomycin sulfate resistant rational screening.The 0124-8# strain was gained by the gradient plate method and the agar block method.The results show that its fermentation unit is increased by 8.9% than the starting strain,and its genetic stability is good,too.


Thank you very much for downloading introduction to mythology contemporary approaches to classical and world myths. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this introduction to mythology contemporary approaches to classical and world myths, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their computer.


An infinite number of distinct $d=1$ matrix models reproduce the perturbation theory of $d=2$ string theory. Due to constraints of causality, however, we argue that none of the existing constructions gives a consistent nonperturbative definition of the $d=2$ string.


The year is 2070, yes, the 50th anniversary of the Roaring Year 2020. The United States of Acirema (Williams, 1997) was dealing with political discord, a struggling economy, a pandemic, and social unrest. Schiro (2013) published a book titled Curriculum Theory: Conflicting Visions and Enduring Concerns, which focused on four curriculum ideologies/visions: scholar academic, social efficiency, learner centered, and social reconstruction. Aciremas became very adamant on the futures of education and society, and the country quickly became known as the Divided States of Acirema with citizens being divided by their beliefs/visions for education and society. The four visions are best understood through the lens of four former high school friends who each live in different states. To begin with, George treasures the cultural values and knowledge from the past, wants to end the political discord, and unite the United States of Acirema. In contrast, Wally is learning new skills based on society needs, which enables him to be marketable in a struggling economy and the age of artificial intelligence. Next, Covid, who is the narrator, loves his state and is able to learn and live based on his personal interests and beliefs; therefore, this allowed him to conduct an ethnographic study (Fetterman, 1998; Hammersley and Atkinson, 1995) during the pandemic with the goal of uniting Acirema. Last, Justice is committed to ending social unrest by focusing on equality in her state and improving society for all. As Schiro (2013) clearly states in his thesis, these ideologies have conflicting visions for educational futures and are struggling with the ideal of syncretism (Berner U, 2001; Ezenweke and Kanu, 2012). After taking the ideology survey (Schiro, 2013) and discovering your beliefs and values, Covid, the narrator, will ask you to join him by using the Public Values Model (Rogers, 2020) to create syncretism where we can all live together as the United States of Acirema.


The accidental loads due to impact, earth quake or blast may exceed the design load for which the structure is designed in exceptional cases. In the present day scenario, with increased vulnerability of structures to such loads, requires some measures to improve the resistance of the structures. This study presents a numerical study of the response of metro rail supporting structure that is the metro pillars under lateral impact load, seismic load and blast load using, finite element techniques and recommend some retrofitting methods based on a comparative analysis of FRP rib and concrete rib to overcome the adverse effect of impact loads. FRP rib is quite effective, so it can be preferred as a retrofitting method for columns. Also analyse the structure with damper to retrofit the pillar subjected to seismic loads. Also compared the results of impact loading obtained from static structural and explicit dynamics. The effects of various load parameters on the metro rail supporting structure were analysed in ANSYS 16.0.


Florianopolis, according to the IBGE, is among the cities  of Santa Catarina that presents significant population growth. This, due to the migration of people from the interior regions of the state itself and as well as several parts of the country, attracted by the quality of life and employment opportunities arising from the existence of public institutions and the provision of goods and services. Fact confirmed with the increase of approximately 23% of the population in the last decade. Consequently, there has been urbanization processes that affect the morphological structure of the landscape, responsable for considerable spatial conflicts, specially on the system of open spaces. Therefore, this study aims to identify public and private spaces in the city according to the environmental laws of the Brazilian Forest Code and the Master Plan. In addition, space syntax studies were performed, so further information concerning the relations of the environment with the urban pattern and its degree of integration. Complementing the research, temporal series analysis were made identifying producer agents of private and public spaces over the past 75 years. Thus, it can be seen that urban growth, mainly due to property speculation and irregular subdivision process, are among the active agents on shaping the space and, consequently, as generators of conflict.


Ionisation coefficients were measured in a series of In0.53Ga0.47As p-i-n diodes with i-region thicknesses ranging from 1.82 µm to 4.60 µm. Pure electron injection and pure hole-like mixed injection measurements were made on the same p-i-n diodes to improve accuracy. Despite its narrow bandgap In0.53Ga0.47As is found to have a very similar breakdown voltage to that of GaAs. The measured ionisation coefficients are used to assess the feasibility of a homojunction In0.53Ga0.47As avalanche photodiode. Calculations suggest that such a device would need a very thick multiplication layer and high operating voltage to produce useful multiplication before tunnelling becomes significant.


Resolving the -dimensional -Singularity, an exceptional locus will be obtained (), where are the irreducible components of , and they are isomorphic to. These are invertible sheaves. We study the conditions to be ample, using the known Kleiman's Criterion Kleiman (1966).

 Key words: Simple singularity, exceptional locus, ample sheaves.


High dimensional data in several applications seriously spoils classification computation of several types of learning. In order to relieve the difficulties of such a high dimension, this paper proposes the classification computation, which refers to a modified neural network: the neural network with weights optimized by particle swarm intelligence. The contemporary is placed on the combination of the non-linear feature extraction and such a classification method. 10-fold cross-validation experiments of each method are performed on five medical data sets. The results indicate not only the improvement of classification based on non-linear feature extraction, but also indicate the reduction of the number of features for classification.


This book is a very important contribution to knowledge about refugee repatriation because it challenges assumptions widely held in the international research and policy literature. The findings are particularly compelling because they arise from a team research project that, over several years, examined details of the return process and its national and international context. The study started in the early 1990s as Guatemalan refugees began their collective, largely self-organized return from Mexico, well before the 1996 Guatemalan Peace Accord. The research project followed events through to 1998, when the return flow had dwindled to a trickle, even though only half of those who were expected to return had done so. By the end of the study, much was known about how returning refugees had fared in the post–Peace Accord era. The findings— reported in fifteen carefully researched chapters, including substantive integrating chapters (introduction and conclusions) by research team leaders North and Simmons—brilliantly illuminate the Guatemalan case. Perhaps more important, in challenging common views about refugee repatriation, the volume suggests the need for new perspectives. There has not been enough research on refugee repatriation, particularly in relationship to peace agreements. It has been a mantra that there cannot be peace unless the peace agreement settles the refugee issue. I have repeated that mantra often enough myself. The documented material in this volume tells a different story. For example, in the Guatemalan civil war, one unique development was an agreement made directly between the refugees and the Guatemalan government. "The internationally mediated accord established between organized refugees and the Guatemalan government provided formal guarantees for the security of the returnees" (Castillo 133), but, as the author continues, "the implementation of


The mechanism and the structure-activity relationship of imperatorin and its isomer isoimperatorin with DNA were studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,salt effect,DNA denaturation temperature and DNA viscosity measurement under the simulative human physiological condition.The results of ultraviolet spectroscopy showed that in the presence of DNA,the hypochromisity was observed on the absorption spectra of imperatorin and isoimperatorin.The fluorescence of BR-DNA was quenched with addition of imperatorin or isoimperatorin,which indicated that a strong competition for DNA binding between imperatorin and isoimperatorin with BR existed.The results of DNA denaturation temperature test and salt effects demonstrated that the binding mode of imperatorin and isoimperatorin with DNA were the intercalation and electrostatic interaction.Both imperatorin and isoimperatorin interacted with DNA and the interaction strength of imperatorin and DNA was stronger than that of isoimperatorin.


Media is a predominant agent of socialization. Today, usage of mass media is become the most common activity among young children and youth for their entertainment and at the one side, media is playing an indispensible role in changing our belief system, cultural values, standard pattern behavior, knowledge, attitude and behaviors by communicated messages which broadcast through a variety of channels, can have both positive and negative impact on young children and youth and at the other hand, parents are unaware that what their children are watching on T.V or using on internet which blemishing our youth. The objectives of the research were 1) to see the attention of youth that which content of media they watch? 2) To see the average hours that how much time, mass media is used by youth and young children for their entertainment? 3) To see the parents' role toward the socialization of youth about media, 4) To explore that how this content of media affects the beliefs and behavior of youth, 5) To explore the positive and negative socio-psychological effects on youth and 6) To see that how media is responsible for aggressive behavior of youth.


Previous dating of rock slope failures in most glaciated mountain chains has revealed almost exclusively young, mostly Holocene ages. In this study, a rock avalanche in the glaciated Rangitata Basin in Canterbury, New Zealand is mapped, described, and dated, revealing a pre-Holocene age of failure. The geomorphology and characteristics of the rock avalanche, named here as the Bush Stream Rock Avalanche, were assessed from field mapping and photogrammetric analyses. To assess the age of the rock avalanche, in situ cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating was applied to boulders on the deposit. The geomorphological mapping shows that the morphology of the head scarp and deposit of the rock avalanche are distinct from the surrounding landscape, much of which appears to be glacial in origin. The rock avalanche traveled about 4 km, with a volume of 50–100 M m3, and appears to have temporarily blocked Bush Stream. The dated boulders suggest an age of >16 ka (and likely >20 ka), making it the oldest reported alpine rock avalanche in New Zealand, and one of the oldest last-glaciation rock avalanches to be reported worldwide. Deep depressions, possibly kettle holes, in the deposit are indicative of runout over a glacier (or associated dead ice), but any glacier present at the time must have been small and probably decaying. The excellent preservation was likely favored by a small catchment located on the dry lee side of the Two Thumb Range which dampened glacial and fluvial activity. The study confirms that rock avalanches were being produced in the Southern Alps early in the last glaciation or early period of deglaciation, but that evidence for them likely exists only in the rare environments that have conditions favorable for preservation. Preservation potential in most of the Southern Alps is low, with older deposits readily buried or eroded by New Zealand's high rates of erosion, aggradation, and dynamic processes. Unless methods can be developed to identify missing older events, we are hampered in our ability to understand the frequency, and therefore causes, of large slope failures in the Southern Alps and in other highly dynamic alpine landscapes.


It has been verified in practice that in order to keep the best metallurgical effect of bottom-blowing in the whole campaign of combined-blowing converter,it is very important to flexibly adjust the gas supply parameters and guarantee the permeability of bottom blowing elements.The steelworks at Bensteel adopted the patented bottom-blowing technique developed by Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,and then both of them studied the permeability of the bottom-blowing unit.For maintenance of bottom blowing elements,methods of advanced support and reasonable procedure are adopted,which assure that the bottom blowing elements have the same life as campaign,and the bottom blowing elements can be seen in the whole campaign.Therefore the combined blowing process has good metallurgical effects.


Mice lethally irradiated and treated with foreign bone Marrow frequently suffer from secondary disease. The clinical appearance, time of onset, and severity of this wasting disease vary with the donor tissue and the host. In 2 donor-host strain combinations (CBA yields A; A yields CBA) iso-immunization of the donor against antigens of the prospective host has little effect on the syndrome, while addition of spleen cells (normal or iso-immune) to the bone marrow inoculum markedly accelerates and aggravates it. In a 3rd combination (C3H yields CBA), on the other hand. where donor and host are closely related, iso-immunization of the donor accelerates and aggravates the syndrome, while the addition of normal spleen to normal bone marrow actually reduced its incidence and results in better health and longer survival of the hosts. These results suggest that a graft-versus-host reaction in CBA mice treated with normal C3H bone marrow either does not occur or, if it does, is so slight as to lead to negligible damage. The symptoms of this secondary disease must have some other cause, which is largely removed by the injection of lymphoid cells. Secondary wasting disease in these animals may be caused by an inadequate lymphoid system andmore » this in turn may be caused by an inadequate number or failure to mature of lymphoid precursors in the therapeutic bone marrow inoculum. Lymphoid inadequacy could produce secondary disease symptoms by making the chimera susceptible to chronic infections. The failure of normal C3H lymphoid cells to react against the CBA host. and their apparent ability to provide the chimera with an adequate tolerant lymphoid tissue may be due to only the most mature cells in the inoculum being able to give an immune reaction to the weak host antigens. These mature cells might die in the normal course of events before the induction period of the primary immune response against the host could be completed; where the donors were immunized against CBA antigens, and therefore no induction period in the irradiated hosts was necessary, there was a pronounced anti-host reaction. Thus, there are at least 2 causative factors which may operate in secondary disease: an inadequacy of the chimera's lymphoid system and a graft-versus-host immune reaction. The lst factor may produce severe disease even in the absence of the 2nd. (H.H.D.)« less


The National Theatre of Scotland (NTS) is a an innovative and ground‐breaking, non‐building‐based, commissioning and producing cultural institution, established in the wake of the devolution of the Scottish Parliament. This article sketches the contours of this new model of a national theatre, exploring the complex dialectic between various economic, political, social and artistic choices, forces and factors that have influenced, and continue to influence, the formative years of the NTS. The article charts changes to the company during these early years and, most significantly, notes the potential effect that the change from arm's length to direct government funding might have on the company's long‐term development. It is argued that direct funding aligns the arts too closely to political agendas rather than supporting artistic freedom and expression.


The rate of solvent extraction of chromium(III) in aqueous perchlorate solutions into carbon tetrachloride as the tris(acetylacetonato) complex has been determined. The rate was first order with respect to the acetylacetone concentration and inverse first order with respect to the hydrogen-ion concentration. From this information, the rate-controlling reaction is concluded to be the formation of the first complex in the aqueous phase by a reaction between [Cr(OH)]2+ and HA.


We report on a 1.3 kW output power from an ytterbium-doped-multiclad-large-modearea fiber laser. Even at this power level no limitations due to nonlinearity or thermal load are observed. The beam quality is close to diffraction-limited. 02004 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (140.3510) Lasen, fiber(060.2280) Fiber design and fabrication In the recent few years the output power of double-clad fiber lasers has been increased tremendously [ 1-41, This fact is owing to a signifcant progress in fiber manufacturing technology and reliable high-power diode-laser pump sources. In general rare-eanh-doped fibers are a scalable solid-state laser concept. Their main performance advantages are due to the'outstanding thermo-optical properties of a doped fiber. The large ratio of surface to active volume of such a fiber ensures excellent heat dissipation. Furthermore, the small quantum defect of Ybdoped lasers reduces the thermal load. However, the large product of intensity and interaction length inside the fiber core enforces nonlinear effects, such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), which restrict power scaling even in the continuous-wave regime. Novel fiber designs, so called low-NA large-mode-area fiber, offer power scaling capabilities due to the significantly reduced intensity inside the fiber CO=. In this contribution we report on power scaling of single fiber laser output to well above the 1 kW level. Power handling is sigmilcantly improved by a multi-clad pump core design. Up to 1.3 kW continuous-wave output power is achieved with excellent beam quality and without any thenno-optical or nonlinear limitations, which will allow further power scaling in the future. The core diameter of the fiber applied in the experiment is 38 pm with a numerical aperture of 0.06. The core is doped with ytterbium and neodymium. However, in the herein presented results we just used pump sources at 940 and 976 MI. Therefore, the neodymium ions are not utilized. The active core is surrounded by a D-shaped 600 pm inner cladding. Additionally an F-doped silica layer was added between the 600 pm pump core and the polymer cladding, yielding to an overall numerical apertun: of 0.35 of the pump core. The absorption length of this stlllcture is50 ma t 940 nm. A fiber laser in its simplest form is built up using 50 m length of the above described fiber with a high reflecting mirror on one side and using the 4% Fresnel reflections on the other. The fiber is pumped from both sides by imaging fiber-coupled diode lasers (Laserline GmbH) into the multi-clad pump core stmcture. At a total launched pump power of 2.2 kW we obtained up to 1.3 kW of continuous-wave output power at approx. 1090 MI emission wavelength. Figure 1 shows the output characteristics of the laser. No stimulated Raman scattering is observed at this power level. The beam quality is close to diffraction-limited. The M2-value is characterized to be less than 3. The temporal behavior of the high-power fiber laser is stable. The laser shows no self-pulsing tendency. To our knowledge this is the highest extract& power from a single fiber ever reported and the presented experiment is just limited by available pump power. Thus, further power scaling should be possible in future experiments. CPDDL 1200 3 slope efficiency= 65 % . . . . .


As the controversial Kunstwerke exhibition "Imagining Terror" ("Zur Vorstellung des Terrors" , 2005) has shown, an intimate bond exists between leftwing terrorism and the arts. From the 1970s onward, the arts have steadily been preoccupied with West German terrorism, turning it into one of the most prominent yet also most contested topics in German art today. Part of its attraction lie in its interdisciplinary character, connecting terrorism to various fields such as media theory, art history, and memory studies. As such, leftwing terrorism has come to constitute its own kind of archive, and probing into it can uncover traces beyond its immediate topicality. Drawing primarily on two recent essays – Hal Foster's "An Archival Impulse" (October, 2004) and James Meyer's "The Return of the Sixties in Contemporary Art and Criticism" (Antinomies of Art and Culture, 2008) –, the following article will take a look at contemporary German art's renewed fascination with leftwing terrorism, asking what might be at stake when a new generation of artists simultaneously draws on and expands upon this archive. Some of the trends one can observe in this process are a reformatting of history, a shift in focus to themes previously tossed aside and forgotten, and a retelling of stories as counterfactual. They speak to an interest in the 1970s that is not only topical but also aesthetic in nature. Artworks exemplifying this kind of archival impulse include Thomas Demand's "Attempt" (2005), and Andree Korpys/ Markus Loffler's "Conspirative Housing Project Spindy" (1997-2001).


5541 Background: A 4 month improvement in OS was demonstrated when Wee1 inhibitor adavosertib (Ad) and gemcitabine (G; arm A) was compared to G and placebo (P; arm B) in a phase 2 trial in recurrent ovarian cancer (NCT02151292). The patient reported outcome version of the CTCAE (PRO-CTCAE) was used to capture self-report of the frequency, severity and/or interference (scored 0-4; higher scores indicating worse symptomatic adverse events [syAEs]). Methods: Ad/P was given orally on D1-2, D8-9, D15-16 with G D1, D8, D15 in a 28-day cycle. English speaking pts in 2 centres completed PRO-CTCAE items electronically in clinic at baseline, D1 and D15 of each cycle and off treatment. An exploratory objective was to characterize syAEs in the first 3 months of therapy. We calculated 12-week area under the curve (AUC12w) as a measure of syAE over time and incremental AUC12w (iAUC12w) for adjustment to baseline syAEs and compared arms A and B using an independent samples t-test. We assessed proportion of scores 3-4 at 6 time-points and compared them using Fisher's Exact Test at each survey. Results: 51 pts were enrolled and completed ≥1 survey, 47 were evaluable for primary outcome (arm A: 28, B: 19). ECOG status was ≤1 in 44/47 pts. Median number of cycles of therapy were 5 (1-16) in arm A, and 2 (1-16) in B. Survey completion rates were high (arm A 93%, B 95%). Mean AUC12w fatigue severity (A 152 [standard error 9] vs B 112 [10]; p = 0.005) and interference (A 144 [11] vs 98 [15]; p = 0.018), diarrhea frequency (A 70 [12] vs B 33 [9]; p = 0.014), mucositis (A 23 [6] vs B 6 [3]; p = 0.012) and difficulty swallowing severity (A 10 [3] vs B 2 [2]; p = 0.023) were higher in arm A (any grade). There were no statistically significant between-arm differences in abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting and anxiety. The iAUC12w was significantly higher in arm A vs B for difficulty swallowing severity (A 10.1 [3] vs B -2.7 [4.7]; p = 0.02), mucositis severity (A 19.9 [6.6] vs B -3.1 [6.9]; p = 0.02) and fatigue severity (A 35.2 [8.2] vs B -3.1 [9.8]; p = 0.005). Proportions with high scores (3-4) were only significantly higher at C1D15 for fatigue severity in arm A (A 55% vs B 19%, p = 0.044). No significant differences were seen in other 3-4 scores per survey time. Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating pts self-reported toxicity with adavosertib in a randomized setting, allowing pts self-evaluation of toxicity in the context of improved PFS and OS. Greater fatigue, diarrhea, mucositis and difficulty swallowing were experienced by pts receiving adavosertib and gemcitabine, but score 3-4 reached significance on C1D15 fatigue only. No significant differences were detected in syAE profile for nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating and anxiety. This approach allows objective assessment of pts perception of toxicity with complex therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02151292.


This article discussed the origin and mechanism of occurrence towards Human patriarchy by compared with two kinds of great apes who have the similar genes with human being: chimpanzees and bonobos. Besides, the article traced the evolution of human beings in order to show how food and competition affects the onset of patriarchy as well as the reason of chimpanzees and bonobos' different social behavior under different environmental pressure. After these comparisons, the article pointed out the unique and special characteristic of human beings and forecasted the future of human social formation.


In article problems of use of the depreciation charges, level of development of depreciation, in-dicators of movement of fixed assets are shown depreciation's role in reproduction of fixed assets. Levels of target and inappropriate use of the depreciation charges, depreciation's tax to revenue ra-tio were determined.


The width with high frequency alternating narrow pulse current gets into the coil around the melt to refine the solidification microstructures,which is named pulse magneto-oscillation.The effect of pulse magneto-oscillation on magnetic force and flow field of pure aluminum melt were simulated by the finite element software ANSYS.The parameters include peak value of pulse current,diameter of the melt,the coil size and position.The results show that the induced magnetic force increases as the peak value of pulse current increasing,so effect of ocsillation is increased.While the diameter of melt increases,the flow inside the melt weakens.As coil size increases,the magnetic force and flow get enhanced.When the coil is in the lower position,the induced magnetic force and flow can lead to better grain refinement than the upper position.


The article identifies distorted and politicized interpretations of November Revolution in Germany, from recognition of full de-pendence of the new authorities on the armed forces and monopoly capital to interpreting the revolution as a chain of mistakes and betrayals of democracy on the part of left-wing parties. The authors consider development of the revolutionary movement of 1918 in Bavaria against the background of the First World War. The paper emphasizes that the described events were sponta-neous mobilization of right-wing forces rather than a social revolution. The article examines the dynamics of Russia -NATO relations in the post- bipolar period, identifies qualitative changes in two-way interaction before and after Russia's reunification with Crimea and Sevastopol. The authors analyse measures aimed to re-sume the dialogue, determine spheres of mutual interest, which are open for negotiation, in particular, the problem of terrorism, struggle against drug smuggling, reduction of strategic offensive arms and counteracting revision of international agreements be-tween Russia and the NATO countries.


There are represented results of Krasnoyarskiy subaqueous landslide researches in this paper. Landslide is located at subaqueous part of delta of the Selenga river. A multidisciplinary approach was applied to the study of the landslide, including seismo-acoustic, lithological, gas-geochemical and geotechnical studies. Obtained data from landslide and surrounding soils allowed to put forward a hypothesis, whereby a key factor to landslide origin was been high gas saturation of the soils and reason of landslide was an earthquake. The proposed approach to the studying of bottom soils in lakes and seas can be applied both in assessing their stability and in searching for focus fluid discharging zones at the bottom in areas associated with hydrocarbon deposits in the sedimentary section. Also, approach can be applied in mapping of permafrost melting in Arctic region offshore, where gases are often accumulating below it.


four locations within a thermally thick wall has been analyzed for rapidly rising heating rates and large thermal as well as physical thicknesses. A restricted-exponential function has been developed for curve fitting the four values of C,(T)~ aT through the wall (where cw denotes specific heat of wall material; T, temperature; and


The heat capacity of lithium tungstate single crystal (Li2WO4) was measured for the first time in the temperature range of 319-997 K. The experiments were carried out by DSC calorimetry. The Li2WO4 single crystal was first grown by low-temperature-gradient Czochralski technique with weight control. The temperature dependence of Li2WO4 heat capacity in the temperature range 319-997 K was monotonic. According to results of our studies, there were no phase transitions in Li2WO4 in the investigated temperature range.


Over the past 20 years there have been various efforts to adapt the structure and the content of central government budgets in the Netherlands, with the aim of improving insight into the effectiveness and efficiency of public expenditure. This resulted in a kind of pendulum, with either too little or too much accounting information. In this article, we discuss some recent initiatives in the Dutch central government and present some possibilities for additional improvements.


The formation of fusel alcohols during fermentation with brewer's top yeast and sake yeast was affected when yeast growth was inhibited. There was not, however, any simple correlation between these two variables. When magnesium deficiency limited yeast growth, the formation of fusel alcohols was higher than in the uninhibited case. When 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited the growth of the yeast, the formation of fusel alcohols decreased in fermentation with one strain but the formation of isobutanol increased in fermentation with the other strain.


In this work, we present the results of two synthesis approaches for mesoporous magnesium carbonates, that result in mineralization of carbon dioxide, producing carbonate materials without the use of cosolvents, which makes them more environmentally friendly. In one of our synthesis methods, we found that we could obtain nonequilibrium crystal structures, with acicular crystals branching bidirectionally from a denser core. Both Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed these crystals to be a mixture of sulfate and hydrated carbonates. We attribute the nonequilibrium morphology to coprecipitation of two salts and short synthesis time (25 min). Other aqueous synthesis conditions produced mixtures of carbonates with different morphologies, which changed depending on drying temperature (40 or 100 °C). In addition to aqueous solution, we used supercritical carbon dioxide for synthesis, producing a hydrated magnesium carbonate, with a nesquehonite structure, according to X-ray diffraction. This second material has smaller pores (1.01 nm) and high surface area. Due to their high surface area, these materials could be used for adsorbents and capillary transport, in addition to their potential use for carbon capture and sequestration.


The present invention relates to a dump load fault detection system and fault detection of the hybrid power system method, in a system for detecting a failure of the dump load being provided in the hybrid power system, one end connected to the power line and supplies a current to the dump load and a shut-off switch to the one end connected to a said switch in series and the other end dump load connected to the ground and which is connected to the contact forming the middle and one end connected to the power line and the first resistor and one end of the second being connected in parallel with the switch, a third resistor and one end of said through to first resistor in series and the other end is connected to a connection contact of the second resistor and the one end of the dump load connected to the switch and the contacts of the dump load being connected in parallel with said dump load claim by a fourth resistor connected in series with the third resistor and the other end connected to said ground , To find out the error of its own dump load short-circuit or disconnection of a safe manner and can implement them dump load fault detection system that administrators can easily identify.


........................................................................................................................................................ III OPSOMMING .................................................................................................................................................... V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... VII LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... XI LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................... XIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................ XIV CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 1 1. Ataxia Telangiectasia ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 AT symptoms and characteristics ....................................................................................................... 1 2. Overview of ATM gene and protein ......................................................................................................... 1 2.1 ATM gene ............................................................................................................................................ 1 2.2 ATM protein kinase ............................................................................................................................. 1 2.3 Localisation and functions of ATM ..................................................................................................... 2 3. ATM in insulin signalling ........................................................................................................................... 3 4. ATM and adipocyte function .................................................................................................................... 5 5. ATM and insulin resistance ...................................................................................................................... 6 6. P22 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 7. Insulin resistance ...................................................................................................................................... 7 7.1 Insulin resistance and diseases .......................................................................................................... 8 8. Cancer and AT ......................................................................................................................................... 16 9. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ...................................................................................................... 17 9.1 Genetic material ............................................................................................................................... 17 9.2 Environmental stimuli of gene expression ...................................................................................... 17 9.3 Gene expression profiles .................................................................................................................. 18 9.4 Gene expression for diagnostics....................................................................................................... 18 10. Ageing .................................................................................................................................................... 19 10.1 Ageing and DNA damage and repair .............................................................................................. 19 10.2 Premature ageing in AT .................................................................................................................. 20 11. Motivation for this study ...................................................................................................................... 21 12. Aim and Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS ....................................................................................................... 23 1. Setting up of PBMCs isolation protocol in an animal model ................................................................. 23 1.1 Whole animal blood collection ......................................................................................................... 23 1.2 Percoll PLUS® as density gradient medium ...................................................................................... 23 1.3 Comparison between Percoll PLUS® and Histopaque®-1077 .......................................................... 24 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za


Cloud computing has gotten to be a well-known worldview for giving on-demand get to shared computing assets. Be that as it may, as more information is being exchanged and put away within the cloud, concerns approximately information security and security have risen. Potential dangers to cloud computing include threats to data and inadequate security. Before organizations switch, security issues need to be properly evaluated. The goals of this study are to define cloud computing and cyber assaults against cloud infrastructure. In any case, servers and administrations are harmed by cryptography, conveyed refusal of benefit, and flooding attacks. In general, cloud security and cryptography play a basic part in guaranteeing the privacy, judgment, and accessibility of information within the cloud. As more companies go ahead with their information to the cloud, it is critical to proceed to create and actualize strong security measures to ensure against potential dangers and assaults. This study intends to illustrate cloud computing and risks & issues. The following research is to find solutions when the cloud security issues have been found.


Professor CHAO En-xiang thinks that several rules should be obeyed when we treat gangrenous appendicitis complication with paralytic ileus and ARDS.Firstly,we should adhere to the TCM characteristics of the holistic concept and treatment based on syndrome of differentiation.Secondly,we should formulate therapeutic method according to major pathogenesis.Thirdly,we should use drugs flexibly according to the patient's specific situation.Professor CHAO En-xiang considered it was the syndrome of dysfunctional activity of qi,fu qi being obstructed,dysfunction of middle-jiao in transportation.The therapeutical principle was regulating qi activity,dredging intestines and relieving distention.Nasal feeding with Dachengqi decoction adding Agastache rugosa,Tatarian Aster,paste umbilicus with mud of shallot stalk,fresh ginger,fennel and enema with Radix Aucklandiae.


This paper addresses the steady fully wetted and cavitating flows over the CAV2003 benchmark hydrofoil inside a tunnel by using a viscous and inviscid interactive method. The non-linear analysis of the inviscid cavitating hydrofoil flow is based on a potential-based Boundary Element Method(BEM), with the cavity shape determined in an iterative manner until both the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions are satisfied on the cavity surface. The effects of viscosity on the cavitating flow are considered by applying a viscous and inviscid interactive integral boundary layer analysis on the compound foil surface, i.e. the combined cavity and hydrofoil surface. This method ignores the two-phase flow near the cavity surface, treating the fluid/vapor interface as constant pressure, free streamline and forcing the friction coefficient to be zero on the cavity surface. The fully wetted case is performed using the viscous/inviscid coupling model (CAV2DBL), and compared with the turbulence model of the commercial software (FLUENT). The cavitating cases of CAV2003 hydrofoil are accomplished via the inviscid nonlinear model. The effects of tunnel walls are considered in both the inviscid modeling and viscous modeling by using the image method.


1. Introduction: Rome - a historical sketch I. THE ROMAN LEGAL SYSTEM 2. The sources of Roman law 3. Roman litigation II. THE LAW OF PERSONS 4. Status, slavery and citizenship 5. The Roman family III. THE LAW OF PROPERTY AND INHERITANCE 6. Interests in property 7. Acquiring ownership 8. Inheritance IV. THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS 9. Obligations: general principles and obligations arising from contracts 10. Obligations arising from delict V. ROMAN LAW AND THE MODERN WORLD 11. Roman Law and the European ius commune


The invention discloses a frequency optimization control method considering grid connection demand of a wind turbine unit for an isolated local area network. The frequency optimization control method considers not only the grid connection frequency restriction of the wind turbine unit but also the demand on power supply frequency from a load in the isolated local area network and the OPC constant-value factor of the unit in the local area network, more conforms to the actual demands of users, guarantees the accuracy of constraint conditions, and quantifies the control cost of all frequency control schemes to obtain an coordinated optimal control scheme which comprehensively considers the control cost and the control effect. The frequency optimization control method can obtain a relatively good control effect while lowering the control cost, effectively guarantees the frequency security of the isolated local area network and has a favorable application prospect.


The shape of water-leaving reflectance spectra in the near infrared range 700-900nm is almost invariant for turbid waters and has been analysed and tabulated as a similarity spectrum by normalisation at 780nm. This similarity spectrum is used here for the quality control of seaborne reflectance measurements and for the improvement of sky glint correction. Estimates of the reflectance measurement error associated with imperfect sky glint correction from two different wavelength pairs are shown to be nearly identical. A demonstration of residual reflectance correction for data collected in cloudy, high wave conditions has shown that this correction removes a large source of variability associated with temporal variation of the wave field. The error estimate applied here to seaborne measurements has wide-ranging generality and is appropriate for any water-leaving reflectance spectra derived from seaborne, airborne or satellite borne sensors provided suitable near infrared bands are available.


The present invention relates to an RNA aptamer specifically binding to nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha subunit (NACA) protein, and to uses thereof. The RNA aptamer of the present invention specifically binds to NACA protein which is a novel liver cancer biomarker, so as to be used for an early diagnosis of liver cancer, and prognosis decision. Besides, the RNA aptamer of the present invention suppresses the interaction between NACA protein and preS1 protein in HBV to suppress HBV infection, so as to be developed as medicines for treating liver cancer.


Doctors in surgical practice are at high risk of acquiring blood borne diseases from the patients on whom they operate. One of such important diseases is hepatitis. Our study was conducted in general surgical units to estimate the risk faced by the surgeons, especially the younger ones, who are already less careful about the prophylaxis against hepatitis. a high percentage of patients are having hepatitis, posing serious threat to surgeons. Vaccination as well as physical measures are essential prophylactic steps to protect surgeons from these potentially lethal diseases.


In this paper the performances of integrated power control and advanced receivers algorithms are analyzed in the case of fixed step size algorithms, where power control command is issued as simple 1-bit command. The performances of the constrained power control and advanced receivers algorithms, where transmitter power cannot exceed some pre-defined maximum are also analyzed. It has been shown that fixed step size algorithms converge but the number of iterations is higher than that of inverse algorithms. Also, it is observed that power control command errors reduce the performance of the system. The constrained algorithm outperforms the non-constrained when the system is close to, or is infeasible.


1514Background: It is estimated that less than 10% of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have been identified, despite well-documented evidence of reduced cancer morbidity and mortality with targeted screening and prevention. The United States Preventive Services Task Force endorsed the Breast Cancer Genetics Referral Screening Tool (B-RST) as one of several validated screening tools to assist clinicians in identifying women appropriate for cancer genetics referral. The purpose of this study was to implement B-RST in mammography clinics to determine the most effective means of follow-up for screen positive women. Methods: Women undergoing routine screening mammography at one of four Emory clinics were approached to complete the B-RST. Participants were given written information about their results and appropriate resources. Those who screened positive, indicating increased risk for a BRCA1/2 mutation, were randomized to one of three follow-up groups: self-referral (Group 1), electronic health record (EHR) messagin...


afraid to voice their concerns at management-inspired costcutting measures imposed on their departments. Cuts at the sharp end in dermatology throughout the U.K. will continue, whereas the number of managers, untroubled by core ethical values, will steadily increase. There will be no audit on the performance of senior managers, who will continue to pay themselves high salaries and bonuses for failure. Some potential good has come from these changes, in that many more new consultant dermatology posts are being created. Ironically, the number of junior doctors who are allowed to train in dermatology is still rigidly controlled centrally, so that there is no prospect of filling more than a tiny fraction of the new posts with young dermatologists trained in the U.K. Dermatology in the British Isles has been distinguished for many years now by good clinical management, excellent teaching, and, in many centers, outstanding research. It is not possible to continue to maintain these standards while trying to cope with banal dermatologic problems in a general practitioner's surgery many miles away from tbe hospital base. The perception of research by management is that it is expensive and wasteful of time that could be spent seeing more patients (another example where management would like to see quantity triumph over quality). THE FUTURE


To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying transendothelial migration of tumor cells, an essential process for their hematogenous dissemination, we developed an in vitro model system that allows the separate monitoring of cell adhesion and transmigration processes. This system uses a human pre‐B lymphoma cell line, Nalm‐6, and a cultured mouse endothelial cell line, KOP2.16. Nalm‐6 cells rapidly adhered to KOP2.16 and subsequently transmigrated underneath them. Using this model, we examined the effects on transendothelial migration, of various reagents which specifically interfere with the function of intracellular signal transduction molecules. Treatment of Nalm‐6 cells with wortmannin (WMN), herbimycin A, pertussis toxin, or C3 exoenzyme of Clostridium botulinum, which specifically inhibit P13 kinase and/or myosin light chain kinase, herbimycin‐sensitive tyrosine kinases, heterotrimeric G proteins, and the small G proteins rho/rac, respectively, reduced transmigration in a dose‐dependent manner. Pretreatment of KOP2.16 endothelial cells with WMN also reduced transmigration in a dose‐dependent manner. Binding of Nalm‐6 to KOP2.16 was not affected, even when Nalm‐6 or KOP2.16 cells were pretreated with these inhibitors, indicating that the reduction of transmigration was not due to a reduction of Nalm‐6 binding to KOP2.16. These results also indicate that the signal transduction pathway(s) involved in transmigration can be dissociated from that of adhesion. Our results support the notion that endothelial cells are not a passive barrier in lymphoma extravasation, but that they assist lymphoma cell extravasation.


Abstract Dissolved iodate and total iodine were studied in St Helena Bay, South Africa, during a period of acute hypoxia, following upwelling off Cape Columbine. Despite the generally high concentrations of chlorophyll α (10–30 mg m −3 ) total iodine concentration was essentially constant in the main part of the Bay, and similar to that found elsewhere in the oceans. Occasional, lower concentrations of total iodine (0·28 to 0·42 μM) were found with exceptionally high chlorophyll α concentrations (500 mg m −3 ) in shallow waters. In contrast, iodate was found to be reduced to iodide at both the surface and the bottom of the Bay. The implications of these changes are discussed, given that the surface waters reflect sustained eutrophication while the bottom waters are hypoxic as a result of the organic-rich sediment from the waters above.


In the raw sugarcane harvest areas, straw affects weed germination and herbicide dynamics. Thus, this work was developed to evaluate the effects of applying sulfentrazone and imazapic, associated with sugarcane straw and simulated rain for Cyperus rotundus control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme with four repetitions, totaling 144 plots. The treatments were the result of a factorial combination of three levels of the factor sugarcane straw (20, 10 t ha-1 and no dead cover on the soil); three levels of the factor herbicide (sulfentrazone at 800 g ha-1, imazapic at 147 g ha-1 and no herbicide); two levels of the factor intensity of rainfall (10 and 20 mm); and two levels of the factor simulated rain after herbicide application (24 and 168 hours). Number of plants per pot, dry mass of the aerial parts and underground system structures, and number of healthy tubers and bulbs were evaluated. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the presence of 20 t ha-1 of sugar cane straw reduced the efficacy of the herbicide sulfentrazone while the herbicide imazapic had a good performance with and without straw, causing a reduction in the varieties studied regardless of intensity of the rain. Rain intensity of 10 mm, was not sufficient to surpass the herbicide sulfentrazone in the amount of 20 t ha-1 of straw. However, 20 mm rain intensity was sufficient to cause herbicide leaching even at the largest amount of straw. The herbicide sulfentrazone showed a good resistance to straw since it was more efficacious than imazapic, when rain was simulated 168 hours after the application of the herbicides


In order to match the requirements of water treatment engineering, considerable attention was paid to develop composite inorganic polymer flocculants during recent years, which are represented by polyaluminum silicate chloride(PAS), polysilicate ferrite(PSF) and polysilicate ferric aluminum(PAF). The amelioration of these three kinds of flocculant's preparation process and the achievements of their applications on water treatment are reviewed and the possible mechanisms of flocculation action are also discussed respectively. The developing tendency of corresponding researches and practices is prospected. Some useful problems that are worthy of studying are put forward.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and preference for Korean Kimchi in Singapore. A questionnaire was answered by both male 236(43.0%) and female 313(57.0%) college students residing in Singapore. The results were as follows : the nationality of Kimchi as Korean was given by 86.9% of the participants, and 48.7% had eaten Kimchi. For their perceptions on Kimchi, the highest answer at a mean of 3.95 was 'Kimchi is a good side dish with cooked rice'. It was significantly different than 'Kimchi is delicious'(M=3.14, p<.05). In the evaluation of different kinds of Kimchi, taste was highest for anchovy dachi Kimchi(M=5.50) on the fourth day of fermentations, and overall acceptability was also highest for the anchovy dachi Kimchi(M=6.18) on the fourth day(p<.001). In the sensory evaluation by Kimchi use, the best taste was in the order of Kimchi Salad(M=6.10), Kimchi Bacon Roll(M=6.00) and Kimchi Croquette(M=5.67), and the order for overall acceptability was Kimchi Salad(M=6.10), Kimchi Bacon Roll(M=6.00) and Kimchi Croquette(M=5.92).


Two-sided network effects in card payment systems are analysed under different market structures, e.g., competition, one-sided monopoly, bilateral monopoly and duopoly; with and without an interchange fee; for the so-called Baxter case of non-strategic merchants. A partial ranking of market structures according to their welfare effects is provided. Fixed central (card) system costs are introduced and analysed under free entry and duopoly. It is shown that under free entry, a per-transaction distribution of fixed costs is preferrable to dividing the fixed cost in equal proportions between the paritcipants. Under duopoly, (and no entry) a fixed division of central costs will yield lower prices.


As the development of XML application in electronic business,it is a very important question to process XML document for different users,XSLT can solve it well.XSLT is the important part of XSL designed for XML by the World Wide Web Consortium(W3C).The article describes the structure and componential part of XSL briefly and XSLT related to XML document process detailedly,discusses the working principle deeply and illustrates the application of XSLT in XML document process combining an application example developed by XML SPY3.5.


Abstract : This paper presents a new approach to determine the conditions that ensure diagnosability properties in complex systems. In previous approaches, a fault-test relationship is assumed and all diagnosability conditions depend on both this relationship and the desired diagnosability property. In our approach, such assumptions are not required, so that diagnosability conditions depend only on the desired diagnosability property. This method uses a new system-level fault model having both internal and observable test outcomes and allowing multiple test outcomes to be associated with each fault situation. By defining different sets of internal test outcomes, one can represent the desirable diagnostic properties of the model. In this paper, diagnosability conditions for models possessing morphic properties are given. As an example, the conditions are applied to the fault model of Preparata, Metze and Chien. The results obtained demonstrate that (1) new diagnosability conditions can be determined and (2) the previous diagnosability conditions can be reconstructed and applied to a larger class of fault models. (Author)


Discussion on coping styles of undergraduate medical students of high altitude medicine in intensive military physical trainin(n=60),Using the self-revised scale of COPE scale.The results show that:1)Those students had right Awareness for intensive military physical trainin,and taken endure and suppression as their common coping styles.2)Most of the students needs guidence on coping skill of seek support,active coping,emotions management and restraint coping.3)Those students should be able to made A reasonable choice according to the actual situation.


Objective Observation of dry eye induced by castration male Bidens pilosa extract on the free basic tear secretion,influence of corneal fluorescein staining,tear film break time of lacrimal gland cell apoptosis,expression of membrane Fas related genes,and explore mechanisms of Bidens pilosa extract against androgen levels decline caused by dry eye syndrome.Methods New Zealand white rabbitswere randomly divided into 3 groups : control group(A),the model group(B),Bidens pilosa extract treatment group(C),B,C group received androgen deprivation of establishment of animal model,C group by intragastric infusion of Bidens bipinnata.In before modeling and after modeling,corneal fluorescein staining,tear film break-up time determination,basic tear secretion Schirmer I test.and A,was obtained after 42 days of B,C three groups of rabbit lacrimal gland underwent routine and immunohistochemistry.Results(1) tears flow: Model group after making the mold tears flow for a week without significant difference,the remaining sessions tears flow was significantly reduced(P 0.05),the rats in the treatment groups after three weeks before the tears flow was increased(P 0.05),fourth and fifth weeks of tears was no significant difference,the treatment group compared with model group,model group in each period of tears flow treatment significantly increased,(P 0.05).(2) corneal staining: The model group at three weeks after modeling corneal staining showed no significant difference,the remaining sessions corneal staining increased significantly(P 0.05),the treatment group corneal staining in each time no significant difference.(3) corneal membrane rupture time: The model group after making the mold before two weeks of membrane rupture time and before modeling was not decreased obviously,after third weeks,the rupture of the membranes and molding is significantly reduced,(P 0.05);the treatment group after making the mold before 1 week membrane rupture time increases a little,there was no significant difference.In the two three four five weeks,It significantly increased,(P 0.05),two to six weeks,the model group breaking time is greatly reduced,the treatment group membrane rupture time increase or remain the same,the difference is significant(P 0.05).(4) the lacrimal gland FAS The expression of FSA gavage group of lacrimal gland less than model group and blank control group(P 0.05).Conclusion The main components of Flavonoids from Bidens bipinnata,could significantly inhibit androgen levels decreased after rabbit dry eye.


An ink comprising at least one dye ;, at least one first functionalizing vinylic monomer quecontiene at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group -OH, amino group -NHR (wherein R is hydrogen or C1 to C8), carboxylic group -COOH, epoxy group, amide group -CONHR ycombinaciones thereof; one silicone-containing binder polymer, and optionally a diluent, wherein the silicone-containing binder polymer is a copolymerization product of polimerizableque mixture includes (i) at least one hydrophilic vinylic monomer; (Ii) at least one functionalizing vinylic monomer containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group -OH, amino group -NHR (wherein R eshidrogeno or C1 to C8), carboxylic group -COOH, epoxy group, amide group -CONHR, ycombinaciones thereof; (Iii) at least one vinyl monomer or macromer containing silicone; and (iv) optionally one or more components selected from the group consisting of a depolymerization initiator, transfer agent chain, and a solvent.


This paper investigates the general effect of ECOWAS regional integration agreements on trade among its members, as well as the level of openness across ECOWAS. The panel dataset consists of bilateral flows of export from 15 ECOWAS countries for the period of 1983–2013, the cointegration method was used for estimation under the gravity model. Comparing the results, a negative and significant coefficient was discovered for the ECOWAS dummy variable, trade openness and financial openness, under pool ordinary least squares (POLS) estimators. Under dynamic ordinary least squares methods the coefficient of the ECOWAS dummy variable remained positive, but not significant. Trade openness was negative and significant under DOLS, while the variable remained positive and not significant under DLSDV. The financial openness variable was both negatively and positively insignificant under both. The empirical evidence indicates that there is a long term relationship inside ECOWAS, and thus, the level of openness among members impedes the level of trade flows on integration. However, the results reveal the fundamental significance of appropriate accounting for endogeneity when assessing trade policies.


Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an uncommon hematologic disease characterized by an abnormal sensitivity of blood cells to the lytic action of serum complement. We experienced one case of PNH in Yeungnam University Hospital from May 1983 to May 1989. The patients was followed up without severe complications for 4 years since diagnosis with the only consevating treatments such as washed blood transfusion, adrenal corticosteroids, androgens, folate and iron preparation, intermittently.


Differences in how verbal tasks are solved by speakers of different languages are often attributed to specific cultural and stylistic traditions. In contrast to this position we argue that differences in the organization of information in texts are rooted in structural contrasts between languages. This claim is based on production data from speakers of English, German, and Algerian Arabic which include retellings of a silent film and verbalizations of short video clips. The domains of analysis are patterns of event formation and temporal viewpoint. The data obtained from speakers of the three languages show contrasts with respect to three aspects of information organization: (a) speakers segment the flow of information as presented in the visual input on the basis of different criteria, (b) they systematically select different components when representing a given event in language and (c) they establish different temporal perspectives when anchoring and linking events in discourse. In this paper, we argue that the contrasts observed in selecting and structuring information can be generalized by assuming language contrasts at the level of abstract principles of perspective taking. These principles are in turn rooted in language-specific patterns of grammaticization. 1. The problem There is general agreement as to the fundamental components which are constitutive for the language production apparatus. Conceptualization, formulation and articulation, this three-partitive model — Levelt's blueprint for the speaker (1989), has been the referential frame for most of the work on language production. Following several years of intensive research in the field of language production, insights have been gained into the two components that involve linguistic structures: the formulator


The paper presents method of hybrid prediction system for debt portfolio appraisal. Based on the local area competence, time spread repayment values are predicted by means of hybrid combination of various machine learning techniques. The above methods include among others clustering of references, model selection and enrichment of input variables with prediction outputs from preceding periods. Experimental studies concern the method's configuration influence on its general performance such as number of distinct predictors and number of competence areas.


The present invention directed to a method for producing an aluminum alloy drawing member, the method comprising: composition (in weight%): Mg: 1-6, Mn <1.2, Cu <1, Zn <in 1, Si <3, Fe <2, Cr <0.4, Zr <0.3, other elements each in total <0.1 <0.5, made remainder of Al alloy, the thickness to produce a strip comprised between Saga 0.5mm and 5 mm, cut a piece of blank from this strip, local or whole of the blank, at a temperature comprised between 0.99 ° C. and 350 ° C. <and 30s heated, while the presence of a work and compatible lubricants of the rear process, at a temperature comprised between 0.99 ° C. and 350 ° C., squeezing the blank material heated by using a device that at least partially cook process to those comprising a process called. Member in the drawing is especially body member of an automobile.


We analyze how globalization affects the allocation of talent across competing teams in large matching markets. Assuming a reduced form of globalization as a convex transformation of payoffs, we show that for every economy where positive assortative matching is an equilibrium without globalization, it is also an equilibrium with globalization. Moreover, for some economies positive assortative matching is an equilibrium with globalization but not without. The result that globalization promotes the concentration of talent holds under very minimal restrictions on how individual skills translate into team skills and on how team skills translate into competition outcomes. Our analysis covers many interesting special cases, including simple extensions of Rosen (1981) and Melitz (2003) with competing teams.


Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of broad and highly sensitive head and neck region is particularly suitable for confirming non-neoplastic and metastatic lesions as it can prevent a surgical process and anaesthetic conditions and can provide a suitable guidance for conservative management.
Aim and objective: To access the role of FNAC in diagnosing various head and neck swellings.
Material and methods: This retrospective study was done in a tertiary care hospital from 1/1/2012 to 31/12/2012 in patients having swelling in head and neck region. Total 701 cases were evaluated in the cytopathology section and aspiration was done using 10ml syringe and 22-23 gauge needles.
Results: Cytodiagnostic yield was 90% while in only 10% cases, no diagnosis was given. Lymph node lesions were most common with granulomatous/ tuberculous lesions being the commonest variety. In salivary gland lesions, neoplastic lesions (benign: Pleomorphic adenoma) were commonest. Other common lesions were squamous cell carcinomas and lipomas as common malignant and benign tumours respectively.
Conclusion: FNAC provides a reliable, cost effective, convenient, easily accessible and non-traumatic method as the best initial work up and management of swellings of sensitive head and neck region.


Considering the most accurate target of Avogadro project ever, the methods of estimating the uncertainty of average diameter by Spherical Harmonics (SH) are reevaluated, and the uncertainty component that can not be ignored is emphasized. Five thousand approximate spheres are generated to simulate the features of real sphere. It's shown that, the estimated uncertainty of the average diameter based on the N-point mean method is incomplete when considering the features of the real sphere. Besides, increasing the number of sampling points can improve the uncertainty of the average diameter.


Thermal radiation is the dominant heat transfer mechanism in high pressure combustion processes such as oxy-fuel combustion. The solution of radiation in participating media is complex due to the integro-differential governing equation and the highly irregular spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient. Thus the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is usually solved using spectral models to determine the radiative quantities. The weighted-sum-ofgray-gases (WSGG) model replaces the spectral integration of the RTE by bands of uniform absorption coefficients, and has recently received considerable attention mainly because of its simplicity and overall great performance. However, this model is based on the assumption that the emittance of the participating gas is only a function of the temperature and the pressure path-length. This paper checks the validity of this assumption by studying the effect of different pressure values on the emittance of a participating gas composed by water vapor and carbon dioxide while keeping the pressure path-length constant. For the emittance calculation the RTE is solved by the line-by-line (LBL) method using the HITEMP2010 spectral emissivity database for the spectral integration. The results showed that the emittance varies significantly as the total pressure increases, implying that a WSGG model developed for a certain total pressure should not be applied in cases involving other total pressures to avoid further deviations.


H. C. Wang [16] investigated compact transformation groups on spheres with codimension one orbits, after the classification of transitive actions of compact connected Lie groups on spheres was done completely by D. Montgomery-H. Samelson [12], A. Borel [1] and others. In this paper we study similar problem on rational cohomology complex projective spaces. Let G be a compact connected Lie group and let M be a simply connect ed rational cohomology complex projective n-space on which G acts differ entiably with a codimension one orbit. The purpose of this paper is to classify such pairs (G, M) up to essentially isomorphism. Here we say that


Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is a slow-growing tumor and a rare histological variant of benign lipomatous tumors. Cytology and histology along with clinical presentation are paramount in arriving at the correct diagnosis of SCL. Herein, is a case of a 31-year-old male who presented with a swelling in the left occipital region, on which previously two attempts for excision were made and aborted due to uncontrolled bleeding. The high-resolution sonographic findings suggested arteriovenous component in the lesion, whereas, non-contrast computed tomography of the head was suggestive of a lipoma. The histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of SCL. We describe this case to highlight the classic location and differential diagnosis of the lipoma variants present commonly in this anatomic region. In addition, we review the role of pre-operative imaging in scalp soft-tissue tumors in assisting the surgeon in establishing the diagnosis and designing the surgical approach.


We formulate a quantum theory of classical solutions in gravity and field theory in terms of a large number of constituent degrees of freedom. The description is realized in two different ways.
In the first part we introduce the so-called auxiliary current description. The basic idea is to represent the true quantum state of the solution one considers in terms of a multi- local composite operator of the fields of the microscopic theory. Although the approach is completely general, we will be mostly interested in representing black holes as bound states of a large number of gravitons. We show how the mass of the black hole arises microscopically as a collective effect of N gravitons composing the bound state. For that purpose we compute observables associated to the black hole interior such as the constituent density of gravitons and their energy density, respectively. As a next step, it is shown how these observables can be embedded within S-matrix processes. In particular, it is demonstrated that an outside observer has access to the black hole interior doing scattering experiments. Measuring the cross section for the scattering of particles on black holes, the outside observer is sensitive to the distribution of gravitons in the black hole. Possible implications concerning the information paradox are discussed. Finally, we show how geometric concepts, and in particular the Schwarzschild solution emerge as an effective description derived from our construction.
In the second part, an alternative approach based on coherent states in presented. First, we apply our reasoning to solitons in field theory. In particular, we explicitly show how well-known properties of solitons such as interactions, false vacuum decay or conservation of topological charge follow easily from the basic properties of coherent states. Secondly, we develop in detail a similar quantum picture of instantons. Since instantons can be understood in terms of solitons in one more spatial dimension evolving in Euclidean time, a coherent state description of the latter implies a similar description of the former. Using the coherent state picture we develop a novel quantum mechanical understanding of the physics of instanton-induced transitions and the concept of resurgence. Finally, we consider solitons in supersymmetric theories. It is shown that the corpuscular effects lead to a novel mechanism of supersymmetry breaking which can never be accounted for in the semi- classical approach.
In the last part of the thesis we resolve anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time as a coherent state. On the one hand, we explain how well-known holographic and geometric properties can easily be understood in terms of the occupation number of gravitons in the state. On the other hand, we explicitly compute corpuscular corrections to the scalar propagator in AdS. Furthermore, it is shown that corpuscular effects lead to deviations from thermality an Unruh observer in AdS measures.


Countertransport of ions is defined as the transport of an ion against its own concentration gradient driven by the third driving electrolyte added to the systems. The countertransport was simulated for K+ and Ca2+ ions in dialysis systems that consist of two electrolyte solutions divided by a bipolar membrane as a function of the mobility of the driving ions, the charge density and thickness of the negative and positive components of the membrane. The simulations show that the countertransport occurs in the direction either of or opposite to the concentration gradient of the driving electrolyte depending on the values of the above parameters and on the bipolar direction, and that the direction of the countertransport can alter in a run under certain conditions. The permselectivity of the membrane for ionic valence depends on the bipolar direction.


Bulk silicon, the foundation of our telecommunications and computational infrastructure, possesses an indirect band gap, and as a result, does not exhibit room-temperature visible luminescence. In this paper I have developed a possible model to analyze the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra observed from silicon nanostructures. I have explicitly incorporated the effects of localized surface states along with quantum confinement effects to obtain an analytical expression for the photoluminescence intensity. Normal as well as log-normal crystallite size distributions are considered for PL intensity calculations. Experimental PL data on a variety of nanocrystalline silicon structures with directly measured crystallite size distribution have been analyzed. My model is able to deduce size distribution parameters from PL data that agree well with the experiments.


A prey-predator model with non-monotonic functional response and harvesting of either species is considered. The purpose of the work is to offer mathematical analysis of the model and to discuss some significant qualitative results. At the end, some numerical simulations are carried out.


We provide a recursive approach for assessing Pareto efficiency in a pure endowment stochastic OLG model. Our approach is constructive and we derive from it a complete characterization of Pareto efficiency for stationary allocations on a continuous state space. We use our efficiency characterization to prove that a monetary equilibrium exists on a general state space if and only if the initial allocation is inefficient, extending existing results. JEL classification: D61, D90, E10


AT the end of a former article, we left St Dunstan newly appointed to the archbishopric of Canterbury, and, in the words of his biographer, setting to work " to fulfil in all things that which was implied by the name of the true shepherd." And so we feel that the stage is set for the story of St Dunstan's public life and some appreciation of his national work. But this apparently was not how things appeared to " B." Without a word about the saint's episcopal life, he plunges straightway into an account of his visions. It is exasperating to be led down a side track at such a moment, but we must perforce follow " B's " leading, and so, forgetting his, to us unforgivable, omissions, we will see what can be gathered from what he actually does tell us. The first vision, or rather dream—for it is related that St Dunstan was asleep in bed when he beheld it—seems sufficiently unlike the stereotyped vision of a saint to be, perhaps, a genuine reminiscence of the archbishop. He saw, we are told, in the dream, his own mother, arrayed in bridal attire for her wedding to a great king, and around, on all sides, were sounding joyful hymns and psalms. While Dunstan gazed in silence, " a certain youth vested in snowy white " asked him why he did not join in the singing. He replied that he did not know the music, whereupon the youth taught him the Antiphon : " O Rex gentium dominator omnium propter sedem majestatis tuae da nobis indulgentiam rex Christe peccatorum. Alleluia," and thereafter the sleeper awoke. Forthwith he ordered the chant to be written down lest it should be forgotten, and in the morning, assembling his household both of monks and clerics, bade them sing it. The story has an


Nannochloropsis gaditana was tested as functional ingredient in low fishmeal diets for gilthead seabream juveniles, and its short‐term effects were evaluated in terms of intestinal morphology, digestive function, intestinal immunological and oxidative status, and intestinal microbiota. A diet with 850 g/kg of the protein provided by plant feedstuffs and 150 g/kg provided by fishmeal was used as control, and three other diets identical to the control were supplemented with 5, 7.5 and 15 g/kg N. gaditana meal and fed to 56.6 g fish for 37 days. At the end of this period, intestinal mucosa integrity and digestive capacity (luminal enzyme activity and absorption) were not altered by dietary microalgae supplementation. Intestinal transcript levels of key markers of inflammation (IL‐1β and TNF‐α) and of key enzymes involved in redox homeostasis (CuZnSOD, MnSOD and catalase) were also similar across experimental groups. However, microbiota richness increased with dietary supplementation of microalgae, and such modulation requires further investigation, particularly regarding its potential effects on disease resistance at short and long term.


Abstract Pedro P. Kuczynski (Peru 2018) and Evo Morales (Bolivia 2019) are the most recent cases in a long list of Latin American presidents who have been forced out of office. We seek to contribute to understanding why some presidents fail to fulfil their terms by analysing the role of an actor overlooked by the extant literature on presidential failures: political parties. We hypothesize a non-linear relation between party institutionalization and the risk of presidential failure. That is, when parties are weakly or highly institutionalized, the hazard of presidential failure is lower than when parties are moderately institutionalized. We test this and other hypotheses with a survival analysis of 157 Latin American administrations (1979–2018). We also qualitatively explore how the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of certain events affects the risk of failure in three countries with different levels of party institutionalization. We find that party institutionalization – as well as legislative support, anti-government demonstrations, presidential scandals and economic growth – significantly affects the risk of presidential failure.


Based on the fundamental studies about a new turbine blade cooling technique, the numerical simulation is carried out for thermally driving heat transfer using the new experimental model with the cooling tunnels in centrifugal field. The influence factors and heat transfer characteristics are studied and some conductions are drawn: the thermally driving heat transfer of the new cooling technique is enhanced with the improvement of the rotation speeds, heat fluxes and cooling air speeds. Numerical simulations show that Bu, Re_ωand Re_zhave a remarkable effect on heat transfer, and the heat transfer effect for this new turbine blade′s cooling is improved with the increasing of Bu, Re_ωand Re_z. Numerical simulation heat transfer principle on rotation is the same to the results obtained by experiments.


Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of three different methods in reducing primary postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: The study was carried out in Istanbul/Turkey with 150 people at a maternity hospital. The participants were assigned to the external circular fundus massage (ECFM) (n=50), external bimanual fundus compression (EBFC) (n=50) and control (C) (n=50) groups with the simple randomization method. The women in the experiment groups of external circular fundus massage or external bimanual uterus fundus compression received intervention for one hour in the postpartum period. At the 6th postpartum hour, the hemogram values and total lochia amount of all women were measured. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the women was 24.77±4.40 years, 63.3% were having their first birth, and 47.3% gained weight between 11 and 16 kg in their pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean ± SD Hb at the 6th postpartum hour (ECFM group=11.5±1.1; EBFC Group =11.7±3.6; C group =11.4±1.0 g /dL, F= 0.371, p = 0.691). In comparison to the ECFM and C groups, the 2nd postpartum hour visual analog scale (VAS) score of the EBFC group was found to be significantly lower (p<0.05). Conclusion: The hemoglobin and thrombocyte levels at the 6th postpartum hour were higher in the EBFC group in comparison to the other groups, while the hematocrit value decreased more. Since EBFC is effective in reducing postpartum pain, it is recommended to be applied especially to women with postpartum pain.


Aim. Creation of glyphosate-resistant canola plants expressing bifunctional hybrid desC::licBM3 gene. In the hybrid gene the sequence of DesC desaturase of cyanobacterium S. vulcanus without plastid targeting was fused with the sequence of thermostable lichenase reporter LicBM3 gene. Methods. Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation, PCR, quantitative and qualitative determination of lichenase activity, genetic analysis. Results. Transgenic canola plants, carring the enolpyruvat shikimat phosphate syntase gene (epsps), conferring on plants resistance to phosphonomethyl glycine herbicides (Roundup), as well as the desC::licBM3 gene, were selected. The presence of transgenes was confimed by multiplex PCR. The epsps gene expression in canola was shown at the transcription level, during in vitro growth and after greenhouse herbicide treatment. Activity of the licBM3 gene product as a part of hybrid protein allowed quantitative and qualiative estimation of the desaturase gene expression. Inheritance of heterologous genes and their expression in the first generation were investigated. Conclusions. Transgenic canola plants were obtained, the presence of trangenes in plant genome was proved and expression of the target genes was detected.


The planning as a key function of management in health care system is focused on target indicators of population health and development of health care sector. The focusing on social economic values of target indicators and setting them as indicators of appropriateness and effectiveness of implementing activities is actual standard ofplanning. For all that, the technique of indicative planning in health care still requires to be putted to level of its theoretical substantiation (prerequisites of becoming, conceptual foundations, terms, requirements to evaluation) and implementation in practice. The example of the Republic of Ingushetia, one of the regions of the Russian Federation, was used to demonstrate becoming of indicative planning and its development with the purpose of effective management. The emphasis is made on terms system, approaches of choosing and monitoring of target indicators for indicative planning. To present the technique of indicative planning scientifically the monograph method (analysis of reports, statistical data of Rosstat, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Ministry of Health of the Republic of Ingushetia) was applied. The SWOT analysis of the situation in health care of the region was applied. The infant mortality indicator became the reference point of evaluation of effectiveness of functioning of health care system and social economic reforming in the region. The level and dynamics of infant mortality indicator reflects shortcomings of medical care organization in the region and first of all absence of the three-level system of its rendering, routing according standards of medical care support of patients on main pathology profiles, including pregnant women, women in labor, newborns and children. According to situation, the investment decisions were made on the federal level. To what extent they will be effective i.e. what will be the reaction of values of target indicators of social economic development of the region, primarily indicators of infant mortality, the «road map» should demonstrate.


The first purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of FM receiver setting (DPAI-yes/2-dot, DPAI-yes/1-dot, DPAI-no/2-dot, DPAI-no/1-dot) on FM transparency, measured as FM offset (in dB), for each of six Designated Programmable Audio Input (DPAI) hearing instruments coupled to one Phonak MicroMLxS FM receiver and one Campus-Sx FM transmitter. The second purpose was to assess the effect of muting the FM microphone (i.e., muted-FM transparency, measured as muted-FM offset, in dB) for each hearing aid and DPAI/dot setting. The results indicated that for five of the six aids, mean three-frequency average (750, 1000, 2000 Hz) FM offset was within FM transparency tolerances (American Academy of Audiology, 2008b) for the DPAI-yes/2-dot, DPAI-yes/1dot, and DPAI-no/1-dot conditions, but exceeded tolerances for the DPAI-no/2-dot condition. For the sixth hearing instrument, mean three-frequency average FM offset was within tolerances for each DPAI/dot condition. The data of the present study also indicated that mean three-frequency average muted-FM offset was within transparency tolerances for all aids in all DPAI/dot conditions. Implications of these data for FM system management in the schools are discussed.