We study the synchronization transition in a large population of coupled oscillators. In contrast to a continuous non-equilibrium transition for weakly coupled phase oscillators with a unimodal symmetric frequency distribution, we find in experiments with photo-chemically coupled catalytic micro-oscillators a discontinuous synchronization transition with hysteresis. Closer examination reveals that the relaxation character of the oscillators and their strong coupling are responsible for the hard synchronization transition. Accompanying numerical simulations support the hypothesis that the discontinuous character of the transition is structurally stable with respect to changes in network connectivity and modality of the frequency distribution. Due to the prevalence of relaxation oscillators in nature and technology, we expect the discontinuous synchronization transition to play role in diverse systems including neural tissue and genetic regulatory networks.


Objective: To investigate the difference value of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (C-TBNA)
and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in mediastinal
bronchogenic cysts.
Method: A retrospective analysis of clinical data and follow-up data of 27 patients using conventional
TBNA and EBUS-TBNA techniques diagnosed as mediastinal bronchogenic cysts from May 2008 to
December 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University was done.
Results: In 8 years, there were 13 cases of C-TBNA and 14 cases of EBUS-TBNA-diagnosed mediastinal
bronchogenic cysts. C-TBNA extracted clear liquid and its volume was 8.9 ± 1.5 ml. The 14 patients
examined by EBUS had a homogenous anechoic signal. Clear liquid was extracted, and its volume was 29.1
± 7.5 ml. The cyst liquid extracted with EBUS-TBNA was significantly more than that extracted with CTBNA (P < 0.05). During follow-up, 1 patient had cyst rupture after being punctured by C-TBNA,
secondary pulmonary infection and right pleural effusion, followed by surgical treatment. The recurrence
rate for C-TBNA was 100.00% (13/13), and that for EBUS-TBNA was 14.29% (2/14) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The C-TBNA and EBUS-TBNA technologies have high diagnostic value for the
mediastinal bronchogenic cysts. Both C-TBNA and EBUS-TBNA technologies have the risk of
secondary infection and recurrence of cysts.


Cone numbers boned on Pinus koraiensis trees which grew in different topography land were investigated. Result showed that the cone number per trees was affected by aspect and hill position.


A tread portion 110 which contacts with the ground, a sidewall portion 150 extending into the radially inward from the tread portion, the internal air pressure and a bead portion 160 for fixing the side wall portion to the wheel 10 at the time of tire rotation elastic tire 100 which is supported without. A supporting side wall in a bias ply carcass extending between bead. Placing the annular reinforcing band radially inward of the tread portion. The annular reinforcing band has an elastomeric shear layer 120 radially outward bias ply carcass, the membrane 140 radially outward of the shear layer is bonded. Bias ply and membranes have each have a larger vertical tensile modulus sufficiently than the shear modulus of the shear layer, the ground contacting portion of the tire in the external load is deformed by the shearing of the shear layer, the membrane substantially maintaining a constant length.


Vlsual evoked Potentials with different modes of stimulation VEP with 3 different rnodes of stimulation (pattern-reversal, flash and light-ernitting diodes = LED) were perforrned in 30 subjects with normal vision. Normal values were established and the main cornponents were compared under these 3 conditions of stimulation. The latencies of the main components showed a normal distribution in pattern-reversal and flash stirnulation mode, but not in LED stimulation modes. The latency of the main cornponent P2 of pattern reversal stirnulation mode as well as the arnplitude showed the smallest variance; flash and LED stirnulation mode had a longer latency of the main cornponent than pattern.reversal stirnulation mode. No Sex or side differences were observed. In one subject (3%) the main component (P2) of pattern-reversal stirnulation mode had a W-form, in LED stimulation rnode 63%and in flash stimulation rnode 40%of the subjects showed a W-form of the rnain component. The main cornponent (P2) of pattern-rever-sal stimulation mode was best correlated with the first component of a W-from in flash and LED stimulation mode. Therefore, frorn one latency value (LED or flash stimulation mode) a latency value of pattern reversal stimulation rnode may be esti-rnated.


BAPIO (British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin) as an organisation actively promotes the diversity, equality and inclusion of all healthcare professionals. As an organisation which encompasses a majority of ethnic minority members, we hear the unfortunate experiences of bullying, harassment and discrimination that takes place in numerous healthcare settings within the UK. In response to these lived experiences, a committee was appointed to establish a set of standards, to foster dignity within the workplace, using the large body of literature documents available.
The ambition of this project is to advocate and advertise for an environment that is free from bullying and harassment and to adopt a zero tolerance policy towards bullying or harassment. We aim to do this by developing, implementing, and evaluating our Dignity@Work Standards.
The Standards constitutes of 8 different domains for all healthcare professionals including managerial members to adopt in clinical practice. These domains include:

Environment & Culture - ensuring the workplace environment remains a safe place for professionals to raise concerns, be treated fairly and one with dignity for all.
Cultural Intelligence - acknowledging and raising awareness of the impacts of culture and diversity on dignity and accounting for intersectionality in the workplace.
Organisational Interventions - highlighting the role of the organisation in accommodating the appropriate resources to eradicate behaviours of bullying and harassment.
Communication & Interactions - encouraging respectful interactions between staff and creating a safe workplace to communicate any workplace issues.
Monitoring & Accountability - adopting a collaborative approach to routinely monitor the standards of behaviour in the workplace and being held accountable for any failures
Metrics - collection of data from the workforce to be able to understand the lived experiences of the workplace.
Concerns & Grievances - having a transparent process to raise concerns and ensuring the same process is applied to all members of staff.
Support - provision of the appropriate support for all staff that are a victim of bullying and harassment.

Our preliminary vision of the Standards is to create a document that defines the gold standard for dignity in the workplace. The Standards incorporates the diversity of the workforce and ensures consideration is given to the intersectionality of already known determinants of bullying and harassment within the workplace.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created increased pressure on the workforce of the National Health Service and with this pressure has come unacceptable working standards, inappropriate behaviour within staff, increasing reports of bullying and harassment and more staff leaving the NHS than ever before. It is therefore crucial to act now in order to eradicate bullying and harassment within the healthcare setting.
We know and appreciate that collaboration is the cornerstone to progress and we encourage working with core leaders within the UK healthcare system to create this change. Together we will deliver.


In this paper we study the existence of critical points for noncoercive func- tionals, whose principal part has a degenerate coerciveness. A bifurcation result at zero for the associated differential operator is established.


Transplant recipients, who receive therapeutic immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection, are characterized by high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related mortality and defective response to vaccines. We observed that previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but not the standard two-dose regimen of vaccination, provided protection against symptomatic COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients. We therefore compared the cellular and humoral immune responses of these two groups of patients. Neutralizing anti–receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were identified as the primary correlate of protection for transplant recipients. Analysis of virus-specific B and T cell responses suggested that the generation of neutralizing anti-RBD IgG may have depended on cognate T-B cell interactions that took place in germinal center, potentially acting as a limiting checkpoint. High-dose mycophenolate mofetil, an immunosuppressive drug, was associated with fewer antigen-specific B and T follicular helper (TFH) cells after vaccination; this was not observed in patients recently infected with SARS-CoV-2. Last, we observed that, in two independent prospective cohorts, administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine restored neutralizing titers of anti-RBD IgG in about 40% of individuals who had not previously responded to two doses of vaccine. Together, these findings suggest that a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine improves the RBD-specific responses of transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Description Infection with SARS-CoV-2 or a three-dose mRNA vaccine regimen elicits similar neutralizing antibody responses in some kidney transplant recipients. Protecting transplant recipients Recipients of kidney transplants are placed on immunosuppressive drugs, which, while prevent rejection of their graft, also put them at increased risk of infections with viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Here, the authors compared the immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in kidney transplant recipients. Infection elicited a broader response to SARS-CoV-2 associated with fewer cases of reinfection. The authors also observed a subset of individuals that did not respond to two doses of mRNA vaccine, potentially due to exposure to the immunosuppressive drug, mycophenolate mofetil. A subset of nonresponders who received a third dose of mRNA vaccine developed antibodies comparable to responders to two doses, suggesting that populations with immunosuppression should be prioritized for booster vaccine doses.


China's entry into WTO means that China will orbit the incorporate global economy.The zoology environment of ad industry,the main body of ad industry and the manager of ad industry will face to the challenges.The paper gives a series of advice to the ad industry of China,for the case of a healthy,fast and persistent development under the background of economy globalization.


Recently the developments in the field of II–VI-oxides have been spectacular. Various epitaxial methods have been used to grow epitaxial ZnO layers. Not only epilayers but also sufficiently good-quality multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have been grown by laser molecular-beam epitaxy (laser-MBE). We mainly discuss the experimental aspect of the optical properties of excitons in ZnO-based MQW heterostructures. Systematic temperature-dependent studies of optical absorption and photoluminescence in these MQWs were used to evaluate the well-width dependence and the composition dependence of the major excitonic properties. Based on these data, the localization of excitons, the influence of exciton–phonon interaction and quantum-confined Stark effects are discussed. The optical spectra of dense excitonic systems are shown to be determined mainly by the interaction process between excitons and biexcitons. The high-density excitonic effects play a role in the observation of room-temperature stimulated emission in the ZnO MQWs. The binding energies of exciton and biexciton are enhanced from the bulk values, as a result of quantum-confinement effects.


The present study was carried out to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties of cross-roll rolled pure copper sheets, and the results were compared with those obtained for conventionally rolled sheets. For this work, pure copper (99.99 mass%) sheets with thickness of 5 mm were prepared as the starting material. The sheets were cold rolled to 90% thickness reduction and subsequently annealed at for 30 min. Also, to analyze the grain boundary character distributions (GBCDs) on the materials, the electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique was introduced. The resulting cold-rolled and annealed sheets had considerably finer grains than the initial sheets with an average size of 100 . In particular, the average grain size became smaller by cross-roll rolling (6.5 ) than by conventional rolling (9.8 ). These grain refinements directly led to enhanced mechanical properties such as Vickers micro-hardness and tensile strength, and thus the values showed greater increases upon cross-roll rolling process than after conventional rolling. Furthermore, the texture development of //ND in the cross-roll rolling processed material provided greater enhancement of mechanical properties relative to the case of the conventional rolling processed material. In the present study, we systematically discuss the enhancement of mechanical properties in terms of grain refinement and texture distribution developed by the different rolling processes.


The original virial-biased sampling of Mezei (1983, Molec. Phys., 37, 1779) that changes the simulation cell's volume isotropically has been generalized to anisotropical changes. Calculations on liquid water and the aqueous solution of the dimethylphosphate—sodium ion pair demonstrate the computational gains of the virial-biased techniques. The additional gain obtainable by the anisotropic biasing is also demonstrated.


Basing itself on Edith oStein's research into the philosophy of psychology and the humanities, this article focuses particularly on discussions of the theory of association. Stein's approach, rooted in a Husserlian phenomenological perspective, seems to represent a significant contribution to the establishing of an intellectual framework for the exploration of the philosophy of consciousness, and also seems helpful for inquiries into the issue of practical know-how pertaining to remembering things, as well as the use of schemata in intellectual activity generally.


the objective of the study is to highlight the importance of ethical hacking –As per Jay Bavisi CEO of EC Council Government agencies and business organizations, "In the present globalised-digital era all are in constant touch with ethical hackers to combat the growing threat to IT security". All the concerned stake holders now understand that if you want to protect a system, you cannot do it by just locking your doors. The study adopted exploratory research model based on past literature using information from research journals, reports, news papers and magazine covering wide collections of academic literature on Good and bad about Ethical hacking in Indian Perspective. The study reiterates that in the dawn of international geo political conflicts, terrorist organizational funding, and cyber criminals to breach security systems which compromises nation's security, there is an immediate need to educate the people of the country on this global issue.


Meeting the costs of surgical research has always relied on the generosity of donors and philanthropists. As the College's post-war research strategy has evolved in response to advances in knowledge and technology the need to raise funds to support it has not diminished. The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), established at the College in 1950, attracted considerable charitable monies, notably from the property developer Jack Cotton, the trustees of the Rank Foundation and industrialist and motor racing financier Tony Vandervell. The Buckston Browne Surgical Research Farm at Downe, where significant post-war dental research took place, was donated to the College in 1933. And the successor to the IBMS, the Hunterian Institute, received significant financial help from among others Lord Levehulme, Edward Lumley and the Wolfson and Marks families.


INTRODUCTION Thalassemia is considered to be the most common genetic disorder world-wide that involves the defective and decreased 1 production of hemoglobin. About 3% of the world's population carry the thalassemia genem. The disorder is most common 2 among individuals of Mediterranean descent. Worldwide approximately 15 million people are expected to suffer from thalassemic disorders. In India nearly 12,000 infants are born every year with a hemoglobinopathy. On an average one in every 25 Indian is a carrier of thalassemia.


This report presents findings from an evaluation of the AVSC strategy in Mexico during July 1992-June 1995 to determine how it had been extended and transferred to the state level to determine the impact and reach of the strategy and to identify areas for future activities. Interviews were conducted among central and state level representatives from each participating institution hospitals and department directors providers and family planning users in the states of Michoacan Guanajuato and Oaxaca. The AVSC strategy aimed to increase services for minilaparotomy under local anesthesia; to increase no-scalpel vasectomy services; to increase access to postpartum family planning; to increase access to Norplant; and to strengthen sterilization and counseling training. The participating institutions included Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social (IMSS) the Secretaria de Salud (SSA) and the Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). 245 minilaparotomy teams were trained for performing the procedure under anesthesia. This procedure is offered in 44 sites in 12 delegations. During 1992-95 2342 procedures were performed by IMSS and 100000 by SSA in 21 states and at 160 sites. Vasectomy services are now available in 138 IMSS sites 87 SSA sites and 21 ISSSTE sites. Training in no-scalpel vasectomy was provided to over 300 doctors. Over 55000 men received vasectomies during the study period. 235 sites of the SSA provided postpartum IUD insertions of which 140 providers received training in PPIUD insertion techniques through AVSC. SSA performed 202000 PPIUD insertions during 1991-95. Each SSA priority state has an SSA training center. SSA provided 106087 minilaparotomy procedures in 10 states since 1991. IMSS conducted a clinical trial of Norplant during 1987-92. 1298 women received Norplant implant services in 8 service sites during 1992-95.


The intermolecular contribution to light scattering by polymer solutions has been treated according to the smoothed Gaussian sphere model. Combining the results with the usual term for the individual molecule scattering we obtain for the reciprocal turbidity:

The third virial term is also formulated. The angle dependent factor Q(θ) falls appreciably below unity at higher angles for large molecules in good solvents. Calculation of Q(θ) according to the theory is illustrated. Its replacement by unity may under some circumstances invite appreciable error.


This paper presents the eco-driving monitoring algorithm which numerically evaluates the driver's driving habits at the point of the environmental friendliness. This eco-diving monitoring algorithm which cans quantitatively and analytically evaluate the driver's driving habits based on the instant energy efficiency of vehicle and the mathematical vehicle models. The instant energy efficiency of vehicle is calculated on the kinetic energy, battery energy and engine fuel consumption energy. The effectiveness of the proposed eco-driving monitoring algorithm is verified by the computer simulation using a vehicle model.


Fruits of Hemitrapa heissigii Gregor (Trapaceae) have been recognized in the weathered Lom Coal Seam in the northern part of the Most Basin, North Bohemia. This is one of earliest records of this species in Eurasia. The fossil-bearing level is assumed to be of late Early Miocene age (approximately late Eggenburgian to Karpatian of the Paratethys regional stratigraphy). All the other megafossils from the Most Basin, which have been determined as belonging to Trapa, are either poorly preserved, not determinable to the generic level, or not belonging to the Trapaceae.


How to make the students attaint unlimited "culture of thinking" during the limited Chinese reading teaching is the important mission of its effectiveness.This article is based on the teaching practice of text read,reconsidering the present situation of Chinese teaching and brightly pointing out the significance of studying in the text reading.All these don't just benefit fo cultivating and restructuring students' active attitudes among reading,but also fo their wide vision of reading and leading their imagination through reading comprehension.


Climate change will affect tourism destinations that are dependent on natural resources, such as snow. Currently there is limited research into attitudes, intentions and actual visitation patterns of skiers in response to reduced snow cover. Therefore the awareness of, and attitudes towards, climate change of 351 ski tourists were assessed in the largest ski resort in Australia in 2007, repeating a survey conducted in 1996. Ninety percent of skiers in 2007 would ski less often in Australian resorts if the next five years had low natural snow, up from 75% of skiers surveyed in 1996: 69% would ski less often, 5% would give up and 16% would ski at the same levels but overseas. Nearly all skiers thought that climate change would affect the ski industry (87% compared with 78% in 1996), and that this would occur sooner than in the 1996 survey. Visitation in a poor snow year (2006, +0.85°C average annual temperature, 54% less natural snow) was −13.6% of the long-term average, indicating poor natural snow resulted in decreased visitation, despite extensive use of snow making. The implications of changes in climate conditions and tourist attitudes for Australian ski resorts are assessed including for snow making and summer tourism.


Meningitis is a disease that affects people in different parts of the world, characterizing an important public health problem. This study is designed to evaluate the positivity of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, using different conventional methods of laboratory diagnosis. The study included all suspected cases of bacterial meningitis diagnosed at the Instituto Adolfo Lutz de Ribeirão Preto, S.P., Brasil, during the period comprised between January, 2007 and December, 2009. A total of 1.722 samples was performed using either alone or associated with the conventional methods as Gram stain, Cerebrospinal Fluid Culture, blood culture and/or counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Among the analyzed samples, 392 (22.76%) presented positivity for some bacterial agent, in at least one of the methods used. Of these, 17.35% were positive for N. Meningitidis, 15.82% for S. pneumoniae and 2.04% for H. influenzae. Phenotype C: 23: P1.14-6 of N. meningitidis was the most prevalent, followed by phenotype B: 4, 7: P1.19,15. Serotypes 3, 9V, 12F, 14, 23F, 19F and 6B of S. pneumoniae were the most common . The study concluded that all diagnostic methods used were complementary, so neither should be neglected. The Cerebrospinal Fluid Culture or blood culture continues being considered the gold standard for bacterial meningitis diagnosis.


In this globalized era, mastery in writing is a skill of great importance and most valuable job attribute. The writer must be able to structure and integrate information into cohesive text. In this regard, this book provides a framework for mastering cohesive writing through integrated writing practice. This practice was experimented with Indian ESL learners by reinforcing their metacognitive awareness. This course highlights students' meta-thinking about their own writing. This Experimental study should be useful for ESL teachers to equip their learners to be independent in the learning Process. This book also sheds light on the need for enhancing the students' workplace English literacy which involves keen listening, meaningful utterance, intact Writing and self-regulated thinking (Metacognition).


An inverse for a very simple infinite matrix is sought and it seems, the best answer is, that this would be the "null"-matrix. We consider the LDU-factors of M and describe the inverse W=M as inner product of the inverses of that LDU-factors in the limit as the dimensions increase towards infinity. The pattern of entries of the inverted U-factor exhibits the Stirling numbers first kind, when read along the diagonals in the matrix of that nubers. Also (and easier) that pattern suggests a concept of "recursive harmonic numbers". That concept can be found elsewhere, for instance in an article of D.Loeb [LOEB95] who discusses a generalization of the Stirling numbers first kind. The article is based on heuristics; the assumed (infinite) set of identities of sums based on Stirling numbers first kind, binomials and factorials, all converging zero, seems to be new in this generality and remains to be proven. Gottfried Helms, Aug 2012 Univ Kassel firstname.lastname@example.com Dec 2012, Sep 2012: typo corrections; Aug 2012 errata: formula on pg 9 was corrected (First version: Dec 2011)


A CIRCULAR (NO. 94, dated April 8, 1946) on "Research in Technical Colleges" has been issued by the Board of Education ; this emphasizes that the main function of technical colleges is the advancement and dissemination of knowledge, especially knowledge of value to industry and those engaged in industry, and the importance and educational value of research cannot be overstressed. Taking Great Britain as a whole, however, the total contribution in research from technical colleges has been comparatively small. The attitude of many local education authorities towards research in technical colleges appears to be somewhat negative, and the time has come to recognize that it should be regarded as a normal and important function of such colleges. In making provision for research facilities, the circular suggests that local education authorities should have regard to the suitability of a teacher, temperamentally and intellectually, for undertaking research work. If he is suitable, the teacher should be given facilities to undertake the type of research in which he is interested, including adequate equipment and laboratory assistance. The most important and suitable type of research for such teachers is applied research undertaken at the direct or indirect suggestion of industry and commerce. Routine testing should only be done when industrial facilities are not available. The results of research should be published as soon as possible after completion, subject, where appropriate, to an agreed delay to allow the firm paying for the work to have priority in applying the results, and subject also where necessary to consideration of patent possibilities. Where fees are to be paid from outside sources, an equitable arrangement should be agreed upon beforehand as to the allocation to be made between the teacher concerned and the college authorities.


Background: Lyme disease, (LD) is the most common tick-born disease. It is caused by borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme disease is a systemic illness. It can involve different organs, causing a large variety of clinical manifestations. LD is potentially lethal in chronic and late stages, so it is important to consider the antibiotic therapy at early stages. Cases Report : Here we present a 29-year-old young woman who was admitted to the hospital with fatigue. She claimed to be bitten one day before the admission. She was otherwise a healthy individual. C onclusion: Through this reported case, we highly recommend the early clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease in endemic areas.


(2003). On the impact of journal papers: The Muskingum-Cunge flood-routing method. Journal of Hydraulic Research: Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 563-563.


We propose a method of machine-assisted annotation for the identification of tension development, annotating whether the tension is increasing, decreasing, or staying unchanged. We use a neural network based prediction model, whose predicted results are given to the annotators as initial values for the options that they are asked to choose. By presenting such initial values to the annotators, the annotation task becomes an evaluation task where the annotators inspect whether or not the predicted results are correct. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we performed the annotation task in both in-house and crowdsourced environments. For the crowdsourced environment, we compared the annotation results with and without our method of machine-assisted annotation. We find that the results with our method showed a higher agreement to the gold standard than those without, though our method had little effect at reducing the time for annotation. Our codes for the experiment are made publicly available.


Objectives: Dense Bone Island (DBI) is one of the lesions that are usually visualized on a panoramic radiographs in the form of total radiopaque in the periapical area of the mandibular premolar or molar but most of them are not directly related to the dentition. This case report is aimed to give summaries about the description of 3 DBI cases.
Case Report: Three panoramic radiographs of patients with asymptomatic well-defined radiopaque lesions which was found incidentally in the periapical area of the left mandibular first premolar with two of them showing the lesions located exactly in the 1/3 apical of the root and one of them seen as root resorption like. From clinical information, all three cases reported no clinical symptoms and affected teeth are still vital.
Conclusion: Incidental findings of well-defined radiopaque lesion in the periapical area of the premolar and molar of mandible that mostly do not damage the surrounding teeth lead to the diagnosis of dense bone island.


One of the most critical drivers of economic growth in both developed and developing nations alike is FDI. While at the same time indicating that the country's economic variables should be opened up to the global market and that economic reform and integration into the global economy should be pursued, the increasing role of corporate citizenship and the autonomous increase in financial flows between countries. Research aimed at finding and expelling factors attracting foreign direct investment FDI in the governorates of the middle Euphrates region. After reviewing the concept of foreign direct investment, relevance and discussing the most significant positive and negative impacts. The discussion covered the investment environment in the provinces of the middle Euphrates by focusing on the most critical factors attracting investment and expelling it when discussing the negative and positive aspects of foreign investment to the governorates mentioned.


Peritoneal mesothelioma is regarded as a fatal disease that presents with progressive ascites in a relatively late stage of its natural history. To the authors' knowledge, prior published articles have not described the early manifestations of this cancer.


The deflection of an end mill is very important in machining process and cutting simulation because it affects directly workpiece accuracy, cutting force, and chattering. In this study, the deflection of the end mill was studied both experimentally and by using finite element analysis. And the moment of inertia of cross sections of the helical end mill is calculated for the determination of the relation between geometry of radial cross section and rigidity of the tools. Using the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory and the concept of equivalent diameter, a deflection model is established, which includes most influences from tool geomety parameters. It was found that helix angle attenuates the rigidity of the end mill by the finite element analysis. As a result, the equivalent diameter is determined by tooth number, inscribed diameter ratio, cross sectional geometry and helix angle. Because the relation betweem equivalent diameter and each factor is nonlinear, neural network is used to decide the equivalent diameter. Input patterns and desired outputs for the neural network are obtained by FEM analysis in several case of end milling operations.


ABSTRACT LESBIAN & GAY YOUTH: CARE AND COUNSELING. Caitlin Ryan and Donna Futterman, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998, 175 pages, $45 (cloth), $21 (paper). Reviewed by Margaret Rieser.


Alienation has been recently revived as a central concept in critical theory. Current debates, however, tend to focus on normative rather than on explanatory issues. In this paper, I confront the latter and advance an account of alienation that bears on the mechanisms that bring it about in order to locate alienation as a distinctive social and psychological fact and to dissolve a paradox it seems to involve. In particular, I argue that alienation can be explained as a disruption induced by social factors in the sense of mental ownership that comes with the first personal awareness of being a subject of attitudes, emotions, and actions, and outline how social factors can play a structuring causal role in the process that brings it about. In the first section, I introduce the theme and explain why it is important to focus on the mechanisms that underlie alienation. In the second section, I maintain that understanding how alienation works is crucial to make sense of false consciousness. In the third section, I consider the relevance of mental ownership to explaining alienation and discuss existing evidence about whether and how it can fail. In the final section, I argue that disturbances in the simulation routines that support social cognition might underpin alienation, and outline how social factors might play a structuring causal role in this connection.


Combined with Gaussian plume model,the leakage rate,leakage,evaporation rate and diffusion concentration distribution of LNG are simulated and calculated when the LNG tank ship leakage occurs during docking at a port based on the analysis of safety status and the statistics of incidents during LNG tank ship transportation.The risk assessment for vapor cloud explosion after leakage is performed,and the degree and scope of harms from LNG vapor cloud explosion accident are obtained.It is pointed out that LNG transportation should be included in temporary major hazard sources.


In conjunction with Congressional review of copyright law in light of technological and other developments that affect the creation, dissemination, and use of copyrighted works, the U.S. Copyright Office announced on March 17, 2014 the initiation of a study to evaluate the effectiveness of existing methods of licensing music. These comments call attention to three areas: (I) establishing robust registries for licensing music; (II) promoting fair and balanced music streaming services; and (III) channeling mash-up creativity into authorized markets through a compulsory license.


In a previous contribution (No. IV, in this Journal for 1908, pp. 997 ff.), discussing Dṛiḍhabala's share in the composition of the Caraka Saṁhitā, I had indicated (ib., pp. 1017–18) what appeared to be conclusive evidence of the truth of one of the two traditional serial orders of the chapters of its Cikitsita Sthāna. That was the order which is shown in column 2 of the Table (ib., p. 1000), and which is adopted by Gangādhar in his well-known Berhampur edition of the Saṁhitā.


Using the context of a strong monad, categories equivalent to a module category for a monoid in E can be described intrinsically. We can formulate a homotopy-theoretical generalization using Quillen model categories: we indicate sufficient conditions for a strong monad T on a monoidal model category E in order that the homotopy category of T -algebras be equivalent to the homotopy category of modules over a monoid in E . This result gives us an exemple of Morita theory in enriched contect.


Due to the current nature of jobs and the labour market landscape, jobs themselves change much more rapidly today for many reasons, one of them being the increased digitization of life and the economy. We use digital technologies for social interactions and online transactions, but we increasingly use digital technologies at work as well. Universities prepare the next generation for the workforce and deliver graduates according to the needs of employers. However, in many cases, employers need to train or re-train their newly employed graduates according to the real and specific needs of the job. In some cases, this may be justified by the specific nature of the job. Here, we attempted to understand the mismatch between university specializations and the requirements of jobs in a certain field.
The paper analyses the perception of students and graduates of the way in which university programmes help them become well-trained professionals that match job requirements in the field of economics and finance. Between March 2018 and March 2019, 500 surveys were distributed to students and graduates in the fields of economics, business administration, finance and banking, and 396 completed questionnaires were analysed. In the course of our research, we also interviewed employers in the banking sector to obtain their thoughts and opinions on the correspondence between jobs and university specializations and programmes.
Based on our research, an increased collaboration between universities and employers would be beneficial. The involvement of students and graduates in collaborative projects between universities and employers and the direct participation of employers in delivering courses and seminars are some examples of implementing these ideas.


We investigated the antagonistic effect on the lubricity of overbased calcium sulfonate by zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and polybutenyl succinimide (PBSI) under boundary lubrication conditions by using a block-on-ring type tribotester. we found that overbased calcium sulfonate reduced friction and wear of steel-steel contacts with its single use, whereas it increased with multi-additives. Surface analyses of boundary films by means of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealed that the major component of film derived from calcium sulfonate in a single use was calcium oxide, whereas it decreased in multi-additives. Especially in combination with PBSI, the major component of the film was alkylbenzen sulfonate derived from overbased calcium sulfonate. This suggests that the boundary film composed of calcium oxide plays a significant role to reduce friction and wear. On the other hand, in combination with PBSI, the adsorption of carbonate micelle was blocked by the adsorbed layer of alkylbenzene sulfonate.


The paper points out the cracks on cast-in-place concrete floor is a common and difficult engineering facts,classifies the cracks on the concrete floor according to their reasons,analyzes the formation mechanism,and points out the prevention and treatment measures according to various cracks,so as to control the cracks on floors.


Since the invention of synthetic zeolites in 1959, innovations in sorbent development and adsorption process cycles have made adsorption a key separations tool in the chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries (Yang, 2003). Adsorption processes based on molecular sieving and selectivity are always reversible in theory and usually reversible in practice. This allows the zeolite to be reused many times, cycling between adsorption and desorption step of actual processes (Dabrowski, 2001). Adsorption in porous adsorbent material such as zeolite offers the possibility of lighter on-board gas storage and storing methane at high density while maintaining moderate physical conditions for the bulk phase.


Background: We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy & safety of topical 0.01% atropine eye drops in slowing down the progression of myopia and axial length elongation.
Methods: In this study had 50 patients ( 100 eyes) divided in two groups , 25 patients (50 eyes) in interventional groups and 25 patients (50 eyes)  in control group.
Results: Autorefrectometer (AR) readings change from base line 2.11±0.11D to after 12 month 2.09±0.12D so increases in AR reading was –0.02D in interventional group at one year follow up. AR reading changes from baseline 2.16±0.12D to after 12 month 2.22±0.18D so increases in AR reading was -0.06D in control groups. Subjective refraction changed from base line 2.01±0.06D to after 12 month 2.91±0.11D so increases in Subjective refraction was +0.9D in cases at one year follow up. Subjective refraction changed from base line 2.03±0.05D to after 12 month 3.23±0.18D so increases in subjective refraction were +1.2D in control group at one year follow up.
Conclusion: Low-dose (0.01%) topical atropine eye drops treatment was a safe and effective method for slowing down the progression of myopia in children and adolescents because it has growth suppressing influence by acting on extraretinal muscarinic receptors possible in the retinal pigment epithelium, choroid and sclera.
Keywords: Myopia, Atropine, Subjective refraction, Autorefrectometer.


A field experiment to evaluate the influence of cloth type and plantation distance on behavior of main pests and diseases of cover tobacco crop (Nicotiana tabacum L) was carried out at Vuelta Arriba Tobacco Experimental Station, Bayamo in Granma province. The influence of tobacco blue mold, tobacco mosaic virus, Heliothis virescens F damages, and whitefly adults quantity per plant, all in relation with different treatments were determined. Results showed that only cloth type had a significant effect on the incidence and severity of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and double cloth treatment reached the minor values (0.55 and 0.06%) respectively. The interaction type of cloth x plantation distance had no significant effect on the parameters evaluated.


Purpose of the article is to identify the specificity of the development of the orientalism and its historically significant manifestation – style «shyunazury» – in the context of European opera of the 18th century. (On the example of the opera Ch. W. Gluck «Chinese women»). Methodology of the research is based on the integrated use of historical and cultural approaches, as well as methods of systematic and stylistic analysis. Scientific Novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian art history and culturology reveals the specificity of the orientalism and its main manifestation (style «shyunazury») in the musical art of the 18th century. Conclusions. The orientalism has had a significant influence on European musical art of the 18th century. This line combines various aspects of understanding and artistic absorption of all the cultural, spiritual and creative wealth, which is inherent in the Eastern world. The most important manifestation of Orientalism in European art of the 18th century is the style «shyunazury», the outstanding characteristics of which have received a bright embodiment in the opera works by Ch. W. Gluck («Chinese women») and many other composers.


Age related skeletal muscle sarcopenia is a major health problem. Currently, there is no safe and effective therapies that selectively increase skeletal muscle mass. Previously, we have shown that CLA maintains higher skeletal muscle mass in mice. This study was designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of muscle loss prevention by CLA using 12 mo old C57BL/6 mice fed 10% corn oil (CO) or a diet supplemented with 0.5% c9t11 CLA (CLA 1), t10c12 CLA (CLA 2) or c9t11 CLA+t10c12 CLA (CLA mix) for 6 months. Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was performed at baseline, and end of dietary intervention. CLA 2 and CLA mix groups showed significantly higher muscle mass as compared to CO and CLA 1 groups by DXA and muscle wet weight. Production of muscle mitochondrial ATP, and H2O2 as reactive oxygen species and muscle antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) has been analyzed. Enhanced production of ATP, and antioxidant enzymes accompanied by slight increase in H2O2 level was noted in CLA 2 and CLA mix groups as compared to that of CO and CLA 1 groups. Finally, we have analyzed serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The lower level of serum MDA in CLA 2 and CLA mix groups indicate less oxidative stress in these groups. These data suggest that CLA 2 and CLA mix groups may preserve muscle mass by enhancing muscle mitochondrial energy production as well as by maintaining the redox balance during aging. Research support: NIH


Short-wave infrared (SWIR) typically refers to the photons in the wavelength range from 1 to 3 micrometers. Applications in this wavelength window exploit various advantages such as long penetration length in biological tissue, spectral coverage of the atmospheric nightglow, and the characteristic excitation energy of certain molecular vibration modes. SWIR photodetectors are thus the key technological components to achieve optical communication, environmental gas sensing, biodiagnostics, and passive night vision. Current SWIR technologies mainly rely on low-bandgap compound semiconductors, such as InGaAs, InSb, PbS, and HgCdTe. While classical SWIR photodetectors exhibit excellent detectivity, they are costly (due to epitaxial growth requirement) and/or environment unfriendly involving highly toxic elements. There are, therefore, continuous research and development efforts for alternative material systems and fabrication methods to expand the scope of applications of SWIR photodetection. In recent years, many new materials have been proposed, including black phosphorus, graphene, MoS2, and colloidal PbS nanocrystals. They show great promise in terms of operation at high modulation frequencies or high sensitivity. But some disadvantages still keep them away from the market: rigorous production process (poor reproducibility), non-adaptability to scale-up fabrication, manufactory safety and security concerns (due to the use of highly toxic elements). Alternatively, solution-processed colloidal nanoparticles, such as colloidal gold nanorods (Au NRs) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), exhibit interesting characteristics possible to overcome these disadvantages: capability of scaling-up synthesis, solution-processability adaptable to low-cost fabrication, high stability, low biological toxicity, and good optical absorption for SWIR photons. This PhD thesis aims to apply these colloidal nanoparticles to fabricate SWIR photodetectors and verifies their possibilities for new generation of photodetection. A few SWIR photodetectors (Au-NRs/Thermistor, Au-NRs/Pt photodetector and UCNPs/Polymers photodetector) were developed in this work, showing high responsivity and sensitivity. In addition, the preparation of these devices is a low-cost and scalable up to mass production process both in the materials synthesis and device fabrication, opening a new and convenient path to the next-generation SWIR photodetectors.


Since the entry into force of Regulation 1/2003 on May 1, 2004, the Commission has already launched four comprehensive sector inquiries on the basis of Article 17. Why have sector inquiries become so fashionable?


It is shown that the deflection of a uniform rectangular gridwork loaded at its nodes is governed by a sixth order partial difference equation that requires three boundary conditions at each edge for its complete solution. Solutions are indicated for various types of boundary conditions. In particular, an analogy with classical plate theory is developed by deriving Navier type and Levy type solutions consisting of finite series involving double and single summations.


Conventional wastewater flow measurement techniques are difficult to apply for stormwater runoff. Therefore, a strong need for the new types of flow measurements is foreseen, especially in the existing urban areas. Water level was measured applying a hydrostatic level meter and flow was calculated according to typical hydraulic relationship. The theoretical flow rate was calculated based on rain gauge data from the nearest metrological station. Following gauge data, the calculated storm water runoff was almost two times higher than the measured one. Differences in flow data will lead to uncertainties in statistical reports and misunderstanding between different authorities. The measurements of storm water flows are necessary, because they are associated with emission accounts, taxes on pollution and improvements to environmental quality. Article in Lithuanian


Methods and apparatus for detecting a condition of response on a telephone line are disclosed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention wherein time intervals between the zero crosspoints of an input signal are ascertained and the most prevalent interval determined. The most prevalent interval determined is compared with succeeding time intervals of the input signal and the results of such comparison are employed in classifying the input signal as periodic or not. The nature of the periodic or non-periodic signals are further analyzed to ascertain the condition on the line and an absence of signal for a selected period following a detection of periodic or non-periodic input signals may then be relied upon to indicate that an announce operation may be initiated.


In consequence of the fact that the effects produced on the circulation and respiration by a bullet passing through the cerebral hemispheres are hut little understood, the authors instituted a series of pathological experiments on etherised dogs, and of physical experiments on various substances. The results obtained establish, beyond question, th at the primary cause of death under these circumstances is not, as is usually supposed, due to failure of the heart, but to arrest of the respiratory movements. Further, the authors have found, in confirmation of this, that death can be prevented by the employment of artificial respiration, except under certain circumstances detailed in the paper.


The paper shows a distance learning system with huge benefits, that incorporates two methodologies for distance learning: with and without the presence of the teacher, professor or speaker. This system allows giving a class in real time, creating and studying multimedia courses. For the interactive courses, the system uses several protocols over IP, and several compression algorithms. Also the parameter QoT (Quality of Teaching) is defined. The system has been designed in a modular structure so that new modules can be easily added.


Study design: Planar bone scans with SPECT and SPECT + CT were performed in those patients who underwent peri-operative evaluation for vertebroplasty. The scans were evaluated separately to identify the "culprit" vertebra (e) by two readers and their results were analyzed. Objective: Use of planar and SPECT bone scan for identifying the "culprit" vertebra (e) for vertebroplasty is well established. SPECT + CT is a relatively recent imaging tool providing co-registered fused images. Theoretical advantages of SPECT + CT over conventional SPECT imaging needs to be evaluated and documented. Summary of Background Data: Percutaneous stabilization of collapsed vertebra by bone cement has now become a standard procedure. However, it is essential to localize the correct vertebra. Imaging modalities like CT scan provides structural or anatomical information where as bone scan (planar + SPECT images) provides more functional or physiological information. Combination of these two imaging modalities is expected to provide much more than information obtained by any one imaging modality separately. To the best our knowledge, there is no reference available in the literature adopting this approach. Materials and Methods: Two expert readers, blinded to patient history, evaluated the scans. They independently analyzed planar + SPECT only images followed by SPECT/CT fused images with the aim to identify the acutely fractured vertebra for vertebroplasty. Results: Interpretations changed, on average, 50% of the time as a result of the additional information provided by SPECT + CT. SPECT + CT more precisely localizes tracer abnormalities in the vertebra compared to SPECT imaging alone Conclusion: The greatest value of co-registered SPECT + CT bone scan lies in the accurate localization of affected vertebrae in complicated cases of multiple collapsed vertebrae of different ages as well as in the post-vertebroplasty setting


At the center of dispute resolution remain the individuals who know the dispute and their interests best. Hence, they should be the starting point and focus of designing and producing cost-effective and time-limited dispute resolution mechanisms. It follows that the parties and not state entities should choose the resolution mechanism (so called principle of selfdetermination or party choice of process). While peaceful and consensual dispute resolution is to be preferred over resolution forced on (one of) the parties, consensual dispute resolution requires the consent of all involved, which is not always available. The advancement and institutionalization of dispute resolution mechanisms displays a remarkably creative development and diversity. Common forms are negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration and court procedures. However, additional forms and variants of these procedures have been developed. Additional types are, for example, fact-finding procedures, 1.


Innovative cities are important engines driving a nation' s creative power. China needs to draw on the experience of the global innovative cites.By summarizing evaluation criteria used by scholars in European and American countries, the paper provides a list of eight broad indicators that define global innovative cites:1) comprehensive economic strength and large population,2) convenient and fast external transport links,3) extensive international economic ties and accessibility to global markets,4) large number of high-level innovative talents from different disciplines,5) agglomeration of RD organizations,6) advanced science and technology intermediaries and high-capacity technological services,7) availability of innovation platforms and innovation spaces,and 8) open and inclusive culture for innovation.We recommend Chinese cities consider the following policies in order to enhance innovation capacity:building a distinctive and open urban innovative system;forming high-tech RD institutions;attracting high-level talents;building sufficient science and technology intermediary service institutions; enhance coordinative and enabling role of the government;attracting venture capital and private capital through multiple channels;and creating a favorable innovation environment.


Vitamins take signifi cant place among the factors of complete feeding of pigs, their lack in the diet causes metabolic disorders, reduced productivity. The purpose of this work was to provide a practical justifi cation of diets for rearing and fattening young pigs based on concentrate mixtures enriched with mineral and vitamin premix with an increased content of group B vitamins. The selection of animals in groups has been carried out taking into account live weight, origin and health status, per 10 animals in each group. Animals in the control group have been fed a basic diet and premix P-554-89 in the amount of 1,0 % of the daily weight of the grain mixture, to piglets of the experimental group to the main diet with the mineral and vitamin premix of 1,0 % of the weight of the grain mixture have been added. The eff ect of the mineral-vitamin premix with increased level of group B vitamins on the digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism has been studied. The eff ectiveness of rearing and fattening young pigs on diets with a high content of group B vitamins (B1 , B2 , B3 , B5 , B6 , B12) has been proven. Inclusion of a premix with increased content of group B vitamins compared to the recipe P-55-4-89 in the amount of 1,0 % of the weight of the grain mixture increases the productivity of young animals on fattening. At 8 months of age piglets reached a live weight of 109,1 kg, which was 8,8 kg or 8,77 % more than in control animals. The use of this premix in the amount of 1,0 % of the weight of the grain mixture reduces the prime-cost by 7,01 %, and the profi tability of rearing fattening young animals increases by 9,20 %.


According to the fact that the existing conventional AFD spots none-detection zone through the island detection of household grid-connected inverter,a new improved AFD method is provided in this paper.Being different from conventional AFD,the new method can eliminate the counterbalance for the load on the influence of single frequency disturbance by way of putting frequency disturbance on positive and negative sides.Then a system simulation model based on the MATLAB/Simulink comes into being.It turns out to be that the improved AFD method can immediately estimate the direction of perturbation of applied frequency,and detects it in 2 seconds.


In California, idling is largely done for climate control. This suggests that climate control devices alone could be used to reduce idling. Line-haul truck drivers surveyed require an average of 4-6 kW of power for a stereo, CB radio, light, refrigerator, and climate control found in the average truck. More power may likely be necessary for peak power demands. The amount of time line-haul trucks reported to have stopped is between 25 and 30 hours per week. It was not possible to accurately determine from the pilot survey the location, purpose, and duration of idling. Consulting driver logs or electronically monitoring trucks could yield more accurate data, including seasonal and geographic differences. Truck drivers were receptive to idling alternatives. Two-thirds of truck drivers surveyed support a program to reduce idling. Two-thirds of drivers reported they would purchase idling reduction technologies if the technology yielded a payback period of two years or less. Willingness to purchase auxiliary power units appears to be higher for owner-operators than for company drivers. With a 2-year payback period, 82% of owner- operators would be willing to buy an idle- reducing device, while 63% of company drivers thought their company would do the same. Contact with companies is necessary to discern whether this difference between owner- operators and companies is true or simply due to the perception of the company drivers. Truck stops appear to be a much more attractive option for electrification than rest areas by a 48% to 21% margin. Much of this discrepancy may be due to perceived safety problems with rest areas. This survey did not properly differentiate between using these areas for breaks or overnight. The next, full survey will quantify where the truck drivers are staying overnight, where they go for breaks, and the duration of time they spend at each place. The nationwide survey, which is in progress, will indicate how applicable the results are to the US in general. In addition to the survey, we believe data loggers and focus groups will be necessary to collect the idling duration and location data necessary to compare auxiliary power units to truck stop electrification. Focus groups are recommended to better understand the driver response to APUs and electrification. The appearance and perception of the new systems will need further clarification, which could be accomplished with a demonstration for truck drivers.


Biomarker detection approaches capable of rapid identification, quantification, and spatial mapping of many cellular sub-types of the tumor environment in FFPE tissue sections are becoming increasingly valuable for investigating the highly complex biology of tumors and their respective microenvironments. Multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) enables simultaneous identification of multiple protein targets within their spatial context in FFPE tissues, thereby facilitating more in-depth analysis including cellular phenotyping. In parallel, spatial transcriptomic analysis can provide additional insights into cellular function. Multi-omics analyses combining protein and nucleic acid biomarkers on a single tissue section can provide a deeper understanding of the complex cellular interactions in the context of the tumor. In this study, we demonstrate the versatility of Ultivue InSituPlex technology (ISP) through an integrated workflow for co-detection of protein and RNA on a single tissue section.
 FFPE tumor tissue samples were processed for protein and/or RNA detection on a single slide with an integrated workflow using ISP. Briefly, slides were stained for both protein and RNA targets using a Leica Biosystems BOND RX autostainer. Post-staining, the slides were imaged on ZEISS Axioscan.Z1 in five different fluorescent channels and evaluated using IndicaLabs HALO analysis software. In parallel, control serial sections were stained to perform comparative analyses.
 Here we report an efficient and streamlined integrated workflow for co-detection of protein and RNA on a single section, powered by ISP technology. The protein and RNA targets were detected both sequentially (over different imaging rounds) with increased multiplexing capabilities, as well as concurrently (in the same imaging round) for a higher throughput solution, thereby demonstrating the flexibility of the workflow. Comparative analyses between the different workflows confirmed minimal effect on staining performance of individual biomarkers (both protein and RNA).
 The gentle treatment of FFPE tissue sections through ISP technology preserves tissue integrity, and morphology enabling efficient detection of protein and RNA targets on a single section. The integrated workflows presented here demonstrate compatibility of the individual steps in the assay towards co-detection of protein and RNA targets with efficient sensitivity in terms of staining performance for individual biomarkers.
 Citation Format: Gourab Chatterjee, Grace E. Vezeau, Milena D. Lazova, Michael Sismour, Mael Manesse. Spatial multi-omics analysis targeting protein and RNA biomarkers on a single FFPE tissue section using an integrated staining workflow [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3866.


The rotator cable (RC) is described as a thin fibrous band continuous with the coracohumeral ligament that courses along the undersurface of the rotator cuff fibers superficial to the joint capsule (Figure 1A). This fibrous band is located at the medial aspect of the relatively hypovascular crescentic region of the distal supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons (ie, rotator crescent), which is prone to injury. RC presents an anterior insertion on the superior facet of the lesser tubercle, an intermediate insertion on the anterosuperior edge of the greater tubercle, and a posterior insertion to the inferior edge of the infraspinatus tendon (Figure 1B). Cadaveric dissections have clearly demonstrated a tight connection between the rotator cuff tendons and the RC, where the deep tendon fibers of the supraspinatus tendon reach the footprint on the greater tubercle of humerus through the RC and the capsule (ie, shared fibers) (Figure 1C). In this sense, the RC can be considered a pivotal anatomical structure through which the rotator cuff muscle-tendon units dynamize the glenohumeral capsule of the shoulder during active motions. Of note, the glenohumeral capsule presents a wide attachment area occupying from 30% to 61% of the greater tuberosity footprint on the humerus (see Figure 1C). This anatomical detail is strongly related with the important role of the superior capsule in providing superior glenohumeral stability. Based on the currently available anatomical findings, the rotator cuff tendons, the RC, and the glenohumeral capsule should not be considered different structures but rather a unique functional unit of the shoulder. The cable-crescent complex is mentioned to resemble a "suspension bridge," where the biomechanical load is transmitted to the cable, which distributes the stress to the humerus. As long as the cable and its insertions are intact, the rotator cuff fibers can maintain shoulder strength and range of motion, even in the presence of full-thickness tears of the crescent fibers. If the cable becomes compromised, the cuff will lose its main stabilizing structure, leading to progressive, worsening shoulder symptoms. Even in cases of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears involving the RC, there are significant changes in joint translation. Moreover, the portion of RC localized under the most anterior section of the supraspinatus tendon immediately posterior to the bicipital groove (portion attaching to the anterosuperior edge of the greater tubercle) seems to be the most important in transmitting mechanical forces from the rotator cuff to the proximal part of the humerus. The RC can be evaluated on ultrasound imaging with a high sensitivity in routine daily practice despite the technical limitations of the ultrasoundmachine,morphological features of the patient, and the training/experience of the physician that might adversely affect quality of acquired images. It appears as a hyperechoic fibrillar structure deep to the supraspinatus tendon tracking in a perpendicular fashion relative to it. As such, the use of anisotropy artifact (via tilting the probe) might help to differentiate between the two structures. We suggest the use of multiple patient positionings to better visualize different portions of the RC. Starting with the patient in a neutral position, in long axis view, the anterior portion of RC attaching to the anterosuperior edge of the greater tubercle can be seen in long axis view (Figure 2A) as a "tendon under the tendon," that is, a ribbon-like structure with a fibrillar pattern located under the supraspinatus tendon (Figure 2B). In Crass position, it is possible to expose a larger portion of the rotator cuff on the anterior side of the shoulder, thereby better visualizing the curved segment of the RC (Figure 2C). In the short axis view, it will appear as a "half-moon" between the hyaline cartilage of the humeral head and the rotator cuff (Figure 2D). In modified Crass position, enlarging the rotator cuff interval, the histological continuum between the coracohumeral ligament and the RC can also be visualized PM R 12 (2020) 101–103 www.pmrjournal.org


The grinding mill(2~#) be investigated as the main subject, the paper gives out the technical parameter during repairing and assembling and the precautions in running, calculates the technique reference of gap adjustment in discharging material for correcting error, confirms the reasonable range of adjustment of the gap, and assures the grinding mill's maintainablity and top quality in producing.


0 The possible antagonistic effects of their goats and sheep when bitten by Vipera leb Eryngium cmficum were tested on Cenrstes c s etlna (1 1 ). E. cretlcum root extract was reported m t e s envenomdion using rats. The renults into prolong the life of guinea pigs significantly from dicated a hypoglycemic effect as the most sig20 minutes to 8 hours when combined with Leiurnificant antagonizing action of an aqueous root us qulnq~estrlat~S scorpion venom (2). The extract of this plant. Other hematological changes aqueous extract of E. c r e t l ~ ~ m roots caused a have also been recorded. dose dependent inhibition of the spontaneous Keyphrases D Eryngium creticum, Cerastes cemovements of isolated jejunal segments of rabbits restas, Envenomst ion. and guinea pigs (3). R also inhibited the tonic contraction of jejunal segments caused by L. quinSnakes and scorpions are the deadliest of natural questrlatus scorpion venom. Based on these ob enemies of the inhabitants of the rural areas. In servations, this study was designed to test the Jordan, five species of venomous snakes have antagonistic effect of the aqueous extract of E. been reported (1). Four of them, namely Cerastes creticum root on the h ~ ~ g l ~ c e m i c response and cerastes, VIpera palaestinae, Echls coloratus hematological aherations caused by C. cerastes and Pseudocerastes persicus Iieldi belong to snake venom in vjvo. thefamilyViperidae,whilethefifth,WaIterInnes/a E x p . w n t d : aegypfla, belongs to the family Elapidae. Malerhis and Methods: Since ancient times, plants are considered the first choice to protect from ailments or cure diseases. Colleefbn of the snakes and preparation of t b vem One of the local plants used against scorpion om: Snakes were collected from Wadi Araba. The venstings in Jordan is Eryngium cretlcum (2,3). om, obtained by milking the snakes, was stord immediThree species of the genus Eryngium are found in ately in deep freeze, lyophilized thereafter and kept at Jordan, namely E, cretlcum, E. falcatum and E. 4°C. For determination of one and two LD50 concentraglomeratum, family Umbelliferae, subfamily Sations, the lyophilized crude venom was dissolved in 0.2M niculoidae (4). E. creflcum (Syrian Eryngium) is phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.4). For each expericommonly found in cultivated and fallow fields, ment, fresh solutions were prepared, waste places and road sides in the Mediterranean co,.cllon and pnprat,iOn of ~ b , , ~ maarb,: ecozone of Jordan (5). cmticum plants were collected from At-Salt and Zei The aqueous extracts of different Eryngium spearea, Jordan, in March/April and June 1990. The colcies are used in the folk medicine for their diuretic, lected plant material was authenticated by Prof. D. Alantidiabetics and antispasmodic properties as well Eisawi, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of as for treatment of liver diseases, low-back pain, Science, University of Jordan. A voucher specimen has asthma, whooping cough and in certain poisoning been deposited at the Department of Pharmacy, Uniconditions (6-9). In Palestine, the crushed leaves versity of Jordan. E. creficum roots were airdried and and roots of E. cretictlin are applied to wounds then powdered mechanically. An aqueous extract was and also used orally and topically to overcome the prepared by refluxing powdered rmt (10 g) with dist. toxic effects of snake and scorpion venom (1 0). In H20 (100 mL) for 45 min., and then filtering twice Cyprus, the fleshy roots of E. creticum are used through fitter paper (Whatman No. 4). The filtered soluagainst snake bites in humans and animals and, in tion was brought up to 100 mL with dist. H20 so that f some parts of the country, the shepherds feed il to mL extract was equivalent to 100 mg of starting material. Alex. J. Pharm. Scl., Vol. I 0 (31, October, IB96 / Experimental animals: Locally bred male Albino rats (Rattus rattus) weighing 150-400 g were used. They were maintained on a normal diet. Oeteminetion of LDm of C. cerastes m8ke venom: Adult male rats of the same weight wsre grouped into 8 main groups, each composed of 5 animals. The animals were injected intraperitoneally (i-p) with various concentrations of the venom, calculated to their b d y weight. The number of dead rats was scored after 24 h. LDsO value was evaluated according to the method of Alawi and Jeryes (12) and was found to be 1.86 mg/kg body weight. HmatdogicaI Examinations: The animals wen fasted overnight bekre the experiments. The rats were grouped into 6 main groups and, on the day of the experiment, the animals were treated as follows: Group I (the control group; 4 animals); was injected i.p. by only physiologicai saline. Group 2 (1 2 animals); received i.p. injection of of C. cerastes snake venom. The dose of the venom has been matched with their body weight. G m p 3 (12 animals); received i.p. injection of 2 LDg0 of snake venom (3.75 mgkg body weight). Group 4 (12 animals); received i.p injection of 1 LDS0 C. rastes snake venom and then let to drink E. creficom aqueous root extract. The calculatad amount of plant extract (10 mU100g body weight) was administered to each animal. Group 5 (12 animals); received i.p. injection of 2 LDS0 of C. cerasfes snake venom and let to drink E. creticum aqueous root extract. The amount of plant extract administered to each animal was related to its body weight (1 0mU100g body weight). Group 6 (I 2 animals) were allowed to drink the plants mot extrilct ad libitum without receiving venom injection. Experimental Protocol: After one hour of the previous treatment, the control group and four animals from each group were anesthetized with ether. Then 0.5-1 mL of blood samples were mllected directly from the heart into EDTAanticoagulant tubes and the following hematological tests were performed: Haematocrit (PCV), WBC (5 ) and RBC Is) counts wsre done by the usual routine manual methods. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (E.5.R) was determined by the macro method according to Westergren. Also differential WBC(s) count was made. The same procedure was repeated affer two and three hours on the other groups of 4 rats. B k h e m k l Analysis: Plasma glucose level was measured in the collected samples at one, two and three hours intervals by using a spectrophotometrii method


In this paper, we report the results of an ambient and high pressure study of a 5f-electron ferromagnet URhGa. The work is focused on measurements of magnetic and thermodynamic properties of a single crystal sample and on the construction of the p-T phase diagram. Diamond anvil cells were employed to measure the magnetization and electrical resistivity pressures up to ~ 9 GPa. At ambient pressure, URhGa exhibits collinear ferromagnetic ordering of uranium magnetic moments {\mu}U ~ 1.1 {\mu}B (at 2 K) aligned along the c-axis of the hexagonal crystal structure below the Curie temperature TC = 41K. With the application of pressure up to 5GPa the ordering temperature TC initially increases whereas the saturated moment slightly decreases. The rather unexpected evolution is put in the context of the UTX family of compounds.


Objective To observe the effects of continue exhaustive running on rat cardiovascular ultrastructure, myocardial apoptosis and vessel function. Methods Twenty four male Wistar rats were assigned to sedentary control group adaptive running group and continue exhaustive running group. After the end of running, the contraction and relaxation function of aortic vessels were assessed, the ultrastructure of myocardium and aorta was examined under transmission electron microscope. caspase-3, caspase-9 activity were measured, Myocardial cell apoptosis index was measured by flow cytometry, release of cytochrome C was determined by Western-blotting. Results Compared with sedentary control group and adaptive running group, the aortic contraction response to phenylephrine was significantly depressed in continue exhaustive running group (p<0.01). Lysis of aortic endothelium, break of internal elastic lamina. continue exhaustive running group were associated with significant increase of release of cytochrome C and caspase-3, caspase-9 activity (p<0.05). Conclusion Continue exhaustive running could lead to the impairment of vessel wall and myocardial mitochondria. The improvement in vessel relaxation and depression in contraction response may contribute to hypotension and sudden death after overexercise.


A brief review of the structural optimization literature and a description of the present status of optimization methods are presented. The scope of the review is limited and does not profess to cover the entire literature.

Results of the optimization of two structures (by the optimality criteria approach) are presented. There are some conclusions and recommendations for future developments in structural optimization.


Objective: To check the intra-cuff pressure of patients on mechanical ventilation and the relationship with the position change. Materiais and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. To check the cuff pressure, a manometer has been adjusted, with reference to the pressure of 20mmHg. On the first day, it was initially measured the intra-cuff pressure with the patient supine with the head at 30°, followed by the lateral decubitus (back to the ventilator) and the lateral position facing the ventilator. From the second to the fifth day, the pressure was checked only in the supine position with the head at 30°. For data analysis, both independent and dependent Student t test were used (p<0.05). Results: In five consecutive days of verification of the intra- cuff pressure in the supine position we have observed that pressures were slightly decreased compared to the reference value, where the third day showed the lower pressure (16.4±15.1mmHg). When performing position changes it was noted that the intra-cuff pressure showed variations up or below 20 mmHg, that when analyzing the differences between the mean pressures, showed statistically significant results. The lateral decubitus with the back to the ventilator presented with pressure values within the reference frame (20.3mmHg), although a decrease was found in the decubitus facing the ventilator (18.1±4.8). Conclusion: In conclusion, the mean intra-cuff pressures in five consecutive days were decreased. Only on the fifth day pressures remained at normal values and the position changes significantly influenced the variation of this pressure.


Preterm birth (PTB) has presented a major challenge since decades among the obstetricians. Many premature born individuals have learning disabilities, visual and hearing problems. Abnormal vaginal microbiota and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are important risk factors for PTB and premature rupture of the membranes. In women with BV, there is a dramatic reduction of Lactobacillus and heavy colonization of the pathogenic bacteria. Administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC14 in pregnant women restores the normal vaginal flora and acidic pH and interrupts the infectious/inflammatory process. Probiotics are preferred over tocolytic therapy to reduce the adverse maternal and fetal outcome. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2019;8(3):63-69 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo571


A preliminary code calibration study is presented for Huygens entry aeroheating. New aeroheating calculations are performed using state-of-the-art codes from NASA, AOES, EADS Space Transportation, and Ecole Centrale in Paris. The codes and methods employed for convective heating are based on new models developed in the last three years by the NASA In-Space Propulsion program to explore possible Titan aerocapture missions, while those for radiative heating are a mix of heritage and new NASA and ESA sponsored models, including three new collisional-radiative models developed in support of a recent international Huygens entry risk assessment. The calculations are carried out on a Monte- Carlo predicted worst-case peak heating trajectory assuming a standard minimum density atmospheric profile. The results show that the three computational fluid dynamics codes employed are all in excellent agreement (within 3%) in their predictions of both laminar and turbulent convective aeroheating on the capsule forebody over the entire trajectory. The shock layer radiation predictions show more variation, with the peak radiative heating rates ranging from 45-70 W/cm 2 when a Boltzmann assumption is employed, and 12-38 W/cm 2 using a nonequilibrium collisional-radiative model.


ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERS OF PRE-CIVIL WAR ABOLITIONIST fiction was the "tragic octoroon." Presented first in the earliest antislavery novel, The Slave (1836), the character appeared in more than a dozen other works.' By the time the most important of these works-Uncle Tom's Cabin and The Octoroon-were written, the character had acquired certain stereotypic qualities and had come to appear in certain stereotypic situations. Briefly summarized, the "tragic octoroon" is a beautiful young girl who possesses only the slightest evidences of Negro blood, who speaks with no trace of dialect, who was raised and educated as a white child and as a lady in the household of her father, and who on her paternal side is descended from "some of the best blood in the 'Old Dominion.'" In her sensibility and her vulnerability she resembles, of course, the conventional ingenue "victim" of sentimental romance. Her condition is radically changed when, at her father's unexpected death, it is revealed that he has failed to free her properly. She discovers that she is a slave; her person is attached as property by her father's creditors. Sold into slavery, she is victimized, usually by a lower-class, dialect-speaking slave dealer or overseer-often, especially after the Fugitive Slave Act, a Yankeewho attempts to violate her; she is loved by a high-born young Northerner


The paper describes the need for turbulence modelling in industrial flow simulations. It will describe the general problem in the simulation of turbulent flows and the required averaging procedures to arrive at a manageable equation system. The principal concepts behind turbulence models will be described and some current model formulations will be described briefly. Simulations will be shown for generic testcases and industrial applications.


. Enriching Datalog programs with function symbols makes modeling easier, increases the expressive power, and allows us to deal with infinite domains. However, this comes at a cost: common inference tasks become undecidable. To cope with this issue, recent research has focused on finding trade-offs between expressivity and decidability by identifying classes of logic programs that impose limitations on the use of function symbols but guarantee decidability of common inference tasks. Despite the significant body of work in this area, current approaches do not include many simple practical programs whose evaluation terminates. In this paper, we present the novel class of rule-bounded programs . While current techniques perform a limited analysis of how terms are propagated from an individual argument to another, our technique is able to perform a more global analysis, thereby overcoming several limitations of current approaches. We show different results on the correctness and the expressivity of the proposed technique.


This work reports a modelling method of functionally graded materials (FGM) using ANSYS APDL. ANSYS, as many other analysis software packages, does not provide a direct way to model variation in material properties as a function of position. However, ANSYS offers the option of temperature dependent properties; and ANSYS also offers the ability of assigning temperature values according to the position; joining these two abilities offered by ANSYS, the material properties would be position dependent. In this work, using ANSYS APDL, dummy thermal loads are used to obtain FGM distributed properties. The presented modelling method is explained and then applied to some case study of static analysis to verify its accuracy by comparing its results with the analytical solution from the case study source. The main advantage of such a method is its simplicity and ease; it does not require deep knowledge of mathematical models of FGM and delivers high accuracy. Although in this study ANSYS APDL is used, one can apply it in ANSYS Workbench Mechanical or any other analysis package that has coupling capabilities of structural and thermal studies. The presented method is already mentioned in the literature, but no single documentation about it is found. This paper presents a complete representation of the method


Actually, HCV genotype 4 is frequent in central Africa and in the Middle East. In contrast, in Europe genotype 4 is uncommon (1-4%). In this study we present 12 children with HCV genotype 4c4d. Clinical picture in this group was asymptomatic, morphological was moderate.


A new codebook model is proposed based on YUV color space which distinguishes foreground and background better to eliminate the effect of complex dynamic background and remove false targets effectively in the moving object detection. A6-tuple codeword and a new codebook learning and updating scheme are proposed for fast codebook training and small storage in comparison with the traditional 9-tuple and 8-tuple codeword. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper, even when there are moving clutters in the background and illumination variations.


Babeni reservoir is situated on the Olt River, near the chemical platform Rm.Valcea. A large amount of sediments has been deposited since the dam building, 30 years ago. A great role was played by the tributaries Bistriţa and Topolog that flow into Băbeni reservoir. Both rivers built important deltas filling the reservoir. Grain-size distribution is in accordance with the evolution of the filling process. Most sediments present great concentrations of heavy metals. The mercury stands out with very high values, up to 8 μg/g. Other metals with concentrations higher than the norms are Ni, Cu and Cr. Cleaning the site is an expensive challenge.


...................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 3 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ....................................................................................... 4 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 6 CURRENT STATE AND POTENTIAL OF ADDITIVE HYBRID MANUFACTURING FOR METAL PARTS .................................................................... 8


SUMMARY

We evaluated the storage I/O response time with the volume tiering method and the SSD cache method on tiered storage having SSD and HDD. The simulation results show that the volume tiering method improves the storage performance with low I/O locality workload and small SSD capacity. The SSD cache method is effective with read-intensive and high I/O locality workloads. Utilizing both methods simultaneously reduces the storage I/O response time by up to 20% with write-intensive workloads and large SSD capacity compared to using the volume tiering method or the SSD cache method separately.


CURE, TRITON-TIMI 38 and PLATO studies have de- monstrated clinical benefit with the use of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrel...


Limited codes (runlength-limited, charge constrained, and so on) capable of correcting shifts of their symbols are considered. The error-correction ability is characterized by the minimal bitshift distance d/sub BS/ of a code. For a given /spl delta/=d/sub BS//n, where n is the code length, the achievable code rate R/sub /spl alpha// is lower bounded. We prove the existence of codes of rate R/spl ges/R/sub /spl alpha//. >


In this paper, we consider a matrix operator HH(ll,VV)uu = (−Δ)lluu + VV(xx)uu, where (−Δ)ll is a diagonal ss ×s matrix, whose diagonal elements are the scalar polyharmonic operators, VV is the operator of multiplication by a symmetric ss × ss matrix, VV(xx) is periodic with respect to an arbitrary lattice and ss ≥ 2, xx = (xx1, xx2, ... , xxdd) ∈ RRdd , dd ≥ 2, 1 2 < ll < 1 . We obtain asymptotic formulae of arbitrary order for the nonresonance eigenvalues of this operator.


Farm management information system (FMIS) is a software system used to collect, process, store, and disseminate data in the form of information needed to carry out the operations of a farm (Sørensen et al., 2010). Given that farmers require low cost and ubiquitous access to utilize FMIS, the use of cloud-computing technology has been a growing trend in the FMIS area. The use of cloud-computing technology in FMIS has several advantages. First, it provides lower overall maintenance expenses. Next, it reduces the management burden. The strength of cloud computing is that the cloud vendor has the responsibility of maintaining the service or application. In addition, it improves accessibility. A farmer can access the service from anywhere. Finally, it supports intensive computing power and huge amounts of storage. FMIS often deals with very large data sets, which include weather data, soil data, GPS data, and image data. For these reasons, cloud-computing technology is a promising utility for agricultural data processing and storing. Recently, researchers have applied cloud-computing technology in the area of FMIS. Kim (2014) proposed an FMIS platform based on cloud computing and conducted a demonstration test on an orchard farm. LópezRiquelme et al. (2017) demonstrated that using a cloud service in an agronomic context could be highly beneficial. The objective of this study is to develop a greenhousecontrol system based on private cloud-computing technology. The study describes how to setup a private cloud as an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) model, how to build an application programming interface (API) as a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) model, and how to develop a greenhouse-control application as a software-as-aBuilding a Private Cloud-Computing System for Greenhouse Control


Campbell 37 variety of fresh tomato was investigated. These were concentrated at different temperatures of 50OC and 70OC to produce tomato paste. During the concentration to produce paste, garlic at 0.1%w/w, 0.2%w/w and 0.3%w/w concentration and 0.02 and 0.05 potassium sorbate were added. After the production of the tomato paste (treated and the control samples) the proximate analysis was determined. The moisture content of the samples concentrated at 50OC was significantly higher than those of the samples concentrated at 70OC thus, having a moisture content range of 78.19% 78.67% when compared to the 70OC which is 76.13% 76.74%. Protein content of the 70OC (11.14-11-20%) concentrated temperature is significantly higher than the protein content of the 50OC (10.67-10.79%) concentrated samples. The ash content of the sample at 50OC treated with 0.1%w/w KS and 0. 2%w/w KS has no significant difference at (P < 0.05). The same trend was observed on the sample at 70OC which are 9.14% and 9.17%. The sensory properties of the samples were evaluated using trained panelist at 9 points hedonic scale. The sample concentrated at 700C, has a low score in the appearance. Potassuim sorbate at both concentration of 0.2 and 0.5 did not affect the aroma and flavour of the sample. Garlic affected the aroma and hence the low score at 700C concentration. ——————————  —————————— National Root Crop Research Institute Umudike Abia State Nigeria. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Corresponding author:firstname.lastname@example.com IJSER International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, April-2015 1187 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER © 2015 http://www.ijser.org INTRODUCTION Tomato is the most widely consumed vegetable and being the second most important vegetable crop worldwide. It is strongly associated with a reduced risk of chronic degenerative disease. The lycopene is the main antioxidant that fights against degenerative disease and is heat sensitive and can be easily destroyed by heat (1). Giovannucci et al {1}(2002) Tomatoes are widely grown and used in Eastern African. During the peak season, most farmers sell their tomatoes at give-away prices, and substantial quantities are wasted because they are highly perishable [2]CTA (2007). Fresh and ripe tomato cannot be kept for so long in the store yard at ambient temperature for 24-48 hrs as this will cause inferior finished product[3]. (Anonymous, 2001). To avoid spoilage, farmers can process tomato into various products for storage and uses at home or as value added product for income generation. There are different methods of processing tomato. Traditionally, the method of processing tomato is by concentrating tomato into paste, puree and drying. There are other methods of tomato processing which are sundried tomato, tomato sauce, tomato juice, tomato ketchup, tomato powder etc. All manufacturers of tomato paste have similar processes of manufacturing it. However, each is unique in the type of equipment utilized and the manner in which the equipment is combined to form a process [4]. (Hattes, 2009). Generally speaking, the lower the operating temperature ,the better the flavour and colour of the finished product. To make a thicker paste, the concentration is left for a longer time in the evaporator. Unfortunately, the more heating a product undergoes, the more flavour loss and distortion that occurs. So paste has greater flavour loss and distortion than puree. Heat is the single biggest factor affecting tomato flavor. Heat affects tomato products in two ways. First, it decreases fresh flavour compound. Second, it increases cooked flavour compound. Fresh tomato flavour is derived from volatile compound specifically, C-3-hexenal and Z-3 hexenal. Heat increases their volatility. During heating, these compounds escape into the atmosphere, creating the wonderful tomato aroma. Unfortunately, this also results in a corresponding flavour loss in the sauce. Both heating time and temperature affect flavour loss [5]. (Corell, 2000). Heating must be done with care. Continuous heating turns sauce colour from bright red to brownish red which is why colour is used as a key indicator of quality. National Root Crop Research Institute Umudike Abia State Nigeria. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Corresponding author:firstname.lastname@example.com IJSER International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, April-2015 1188 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER © 2015 http://www.ijser.org SCOPE OF WORK This research work used different preservatives such as potassium sorbate at different concentrations (0.1%w/w and 0.2%w/w) and 3%w/w garlic. After steaming the paste at temperature of 50C and 70C, the effect of the parameter on proximate composition and sensory properties of the product were determined. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY. Broad objective The broad objective of this study was to assess the effect of preservative and concentrating temperature on the proximate composition and sensory properties of tomato paste. Specific Objectives  To determine the sensory properties of tomato paste concentrated at different temperature.  Effect of Potassuim sorbate treatment on the proximate composition of tomato paste  To determine the effect of garlic addition on the proximate composition and sensory properties of tomato paste  To determine the effect of different concentrating temperature on the proximate and sensory properties of tomato paste. MATERIALS AND METHOD SOURCE OF MATERIAL Tomato fruits were sourced from Umuahia Central Market, Abia State, Nigeria and the botanical identity was authenticated at the Department of Agronomy of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU) using the colour, shape and texture of the fruit. Laboratory and other facilities used for the project work were obtained from Department of Food Science and Technology Laboratory of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Abia State, Nigeria.


This paper describes the electrical and spectral characteristics of different layers to construct photosensitive elements in standard 1,2 ¿m CMOS technology. The use of commercial CMOS processes guarantees good reproduceability of the integrated sensors and optimized cointegration with sensor signal conditioning circuits. Deep and shallow photosensitive PN diodes and a vertical PNP phototransistor are investigated. Electrical on wafer measurements with optical stimulation are performed and parameter extraction algorithms are established to create SPICE models. These models are suitable for the development of opto-ASICS. The validity of the model is tested using a 0,3 mm2 photodiode together with a two-stage transimpedance amplifier with a transimpedance of 5 M¿ at a 3 dB bandwidth of 90 kHz. The whole circuit is packaged using an optically transparent window in a plastic package.


This paper discusses technological change, structural change, productivity growth and employment growth in four developing economies (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico) in the period 1960-2008. It is argued that different patterns emerge from the interaction between the four variables mentioned above, under different institutional regimes—defined in terms of macroeconomic and industrial policies. It is shown that when the real exchange rate appreciates and industrial policy is weak or absent, productivity growth is driven by rationalization and defensive responses not related to the expansion of effective demand. In this case, sectors which are more technology-intensive loss competitiveness and employment moves to activities of lower productivity. Inversely, when the exchange rate is competitive and active IP favors the diversification of production, there is a rise in employment along with higher productivity growth. Argentina, Brazil and Mexico (the three largest Latin American economies) are compared with Korea and a typology of growth phases is suggested based on combinations of RER and IP.


Mars Island, a man-made spray ice island, was constructed in January and February 1986, and was used as a drill platform for petroleum exploration in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. A series of pressuremeter creep tests was run in the spray ice of Mars Island in March 1986. Individual constant-pressure tests lasted up to 5 days.It is possible to compare the creep behaviour of the spray ice as interpreted from the pressuremeter tests with the creep behaviour interpreted from the island settlement records. These comparisons are made for both primary and secondary creep on the basis of conventional power law theory. The following points are of particular interest: (1) The primary creep data can be characterized using a simple power law. The exponent of time for spray ice is similar to that for solid polycrystalline ice. The exponent of stress is different for the two kinds of ice. (2) Pressuremeter tests gave secondary creep information that correlates well with the steady-rate settlement of the island. (3) Resear...