Today, shipping industry is a complex system involving multiple actors, multiple interests and intricate interactions occurring at different levels.With any disruption to interaction occurring there would be multiple impacts and accumulation of costs on individual actors operating in the system.Unless these risks are well understood and prioritized based on the situational demands, the businesses will find it difficult operate in such complex actor-intensive system.In energy industry, Risk Based optimization (RBO) approach has been in use to manage the large infrastructures and multiple assets. RBO approach has been effective in identifying and prioritising the risks affecting the performance of the assets.Research was thus taken up to investigate this idea and thereby to develop a risk based decision making (RBDM) approach for international shipping domain. Further, to improve visibility in supply chain, development of a large scale Digital Trade Infrastructure (DTI) called Data Pipeline is in progress under the project called CORE. This research also tried to evaluate the extent to which both the concepts could reinforce each other and improve the supply chain quality.In the process, a prototype of RBDM Tool was developed and used to analyze the trade lane of JamboFresh, a fruit importing company in the Netherlands. By coping with the challenges posed by RBO approach of energy industry, by narrowing down the limitations offered by current risk management practices, and by incorporating the relevant multi-actor theories a RBDM Appraoch was developed. Based on the findings and discussions several reccomendations were laid down.


LW antigens are expressed in higher intensities in D-positive blood cells than D-negative cells, which can result in false identification of anti-D in pretransfusion testing. Although several cases of anti-LW have been reported abroad, to the best of our knowledge, none have been reported in Korea. Herein, we report a case of anti-LW in a 58 year-old RhD positive patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a positive direct Coombs test and a suspicion of the presence of passive anti-D antibodies because of a history of intravenous immunoglobulin administration. However, during a 5-month follow up, the antibody was confirmed as anti-LW on grounds that it showed weakened reaction in dithiothreitol treated cells and enforced reaction in cord O + cells when compared to the results from antibody identification panel cells. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2017;28:77-81)


Histopathology is promising field for research in aquatic toxicology as it provides the real picture of the toxic effects of xenobiotics in vital functions of a living organism (Anees, 1976). The extent of histopathological damage inducing in the test and the amount of cell damage in relation to concentration of toxicants are utilized in assessing the toxicity of pollutants. It is generally evident that structural change are more serious than functional abnormalities, over more structural alternation is irreversible while altered function is considered as a reversible effect. The change in the structure at tissue, cellular and organelle levels can be correlated with the functional alterations.Couch (1975) stated that gill, liver, intestine and kidney of fish species are the best suited organs for histopathological investigations. The present study aims to evaluate the toxic effect of pesticides namely triazophosto fresh water fish Anabas testudineus. Fresh water fingerlings of Anabas testudineus of length 16cm±1cm and weight 72±1g were procured from the fish farm at kolathur, Tamilnadu, Southindia. The collected fish sample were acclimated to laboratory conditions in dechlorinated tap water for 15 days.Impact of Triazophos as mixed in fresh water at 5%, 10%, 15% and for a duration of 46hrs,96hrs recovery, have been assessed. The fish was fed with commercial fish food during acclimation. Susceptibility of the fish Anabas testudineusto the toxic effect of the organophosphorus, Triazophos, observed as percent mortality increased with an increase in concentration of triazophos. Mortality in controls was virtually absent, (Table 1) reveals the LC50 upper and lower confidence limits, and fitted regression equation along with slope function for 96 hrs exposure periods.The pesticide triazophos is found to be more toxic to the fish Anabas testudineus. The acute toxicity studies in Anabas testudineus 96 hr LC50 value for triazophosisis recorded as 0.270 ppm. The histological investigations in Anabas testudineus exposed to Triazophos were found to be highly toxic and the histological alterations were manifested with increase in concentration and duration


Soil temperature is an important physical variable that characterises geothermal conditions and influences geophysical, biological and chemical processes in the earth sciences. Soil temperature is not only affected by climatic and geographical factors; it is also modulated by local factors such as snow cover and vegetation. This paper investigates the relationship between snow cover and vegetation and soil temperature with the help of two classical remote sensing indicators, the Snow Cover Days (SCD) based Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)-based Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies, to analyse the influence of local factors on soil temperature in the Three River Source Region (TRSR). Combing multi-layer geothermal observations from 23 stations in the TRSR with meteorological dataset, soil properties datasets, snow cover and vegetation indices, a non-linear model, the Random Forest model, is used to establish a multi-layer soil temperature dataset to analyse the influence of surface cover factors in each depth. The results showed that the annual SCD had a decreasing trend during 1982–2015 and was negatively correlated with the annual mean soil temperature; the annual NDVI had no significant trend, but it was positively correlated with the annual mean soil temperature. Regionally, there was a significant decrease in SCD in the mountainous areas bordering the source areas of the three rivers, and there was a trend of increasing NDVI in the northwest and decreasing vegetation in the southwest in the TRSR. The stronger the correlation with soil temperature in areas with a larger SCD, the more the snow has a cooling effect on the shallower soil temperatures due to the high albedo of the accumulated snow and the repeated melting and heat absorption of the snow in the area. The snow has an insulating effect on the 40 cm soil layer by impeding the cooling effect of the atmosphere in winter. In sparsely vegetated areas, vegetation lowers ground albedo and warms the soil, but in July and August, in areas with more vegetation, NDVI is negatively correlated with soil temperature, with heavy vegetation intercepting summer radiant energy and having a cooling effect on the soil.


This research paper analyses how pre-existing social ties influence in the Jihadi-Salafism radicalization processes from the theoretical point of view and provides a practical approach by studying data on this matter applied to Spain. The empirical-descriptive methodology will consist firstly on gathering information from the literature on jihadist radicalization and network formations and secondly, using El Cano's database of Jihadists in Spain (BDEYE) data from 2001 to 2018 to observe how pre-existing social ties and radicalization modalities in the two periods evolve. Our two research questions: (1) Are social networks, and specifically, pre-existing social ties significant in the process of jihadi-Salafism radicalization in Spain? And (2) As the Internet and social media platforms become prominent in the second period of study, will the role of pre-existing social networks still be relevant? will guide our research. In our case study will observe the data and test our hypothesis, "social networks, especially pre-existing social ties, are essential in adopting radical jihadist beliefs in Spain in the two periods." In Spain, when pre-existing social ties existed, friendship and kinship allowed individuals to engage in radicalization processes. The low cost of maintaining social media platforms and websites with the diffusion of jihadist propaganda have let social media channels increase their importance, changing trends in the two periods studied. However, the change in pattern does not decrease the importance of pre-existing social ties to virtual communities as the mixed and offline modality in the second period gathered 71,9% of individuals, proving that pre-existing social ties are a crucial variable.


As a new functional material of specific properties,the application of metal nanomaterials was very extensive.Compared with traditional solvents,ionic liquids,as a new type of "green solvents",had remarkable new properties.Ionic liquids provided a new route for the synthesis of metal nanomaterials.According to the representative examples of the research,the development of ionic liquids in the preparation of the metal nanomaterials was summerized.


To deal the key problems affecting the standardization of research papers,this paper centers on the following points in the light of GB7713-87: 1) The title must be concise,apt and logical instead of being general or too big or too long.2)The abstract should be brief and precise and complete without offering explanatory notes,comments,process,contrasts or examples,in additon,it should avoid being identical to the introduction and conclusion.3)The Main body must be scientific,integrated,succinct and convincing.4)The conclusion should be rigorous,concentrating on the employment of thinking and knowledge and words instead of being ambiguous or exaggerative.


Discusses various uses of rotation matrices. The author has used rotation matrices to find the patterns with elements in a conformal array that requires one to rotate not only the direction, but the polarization directions, as well. A second useful thing to do with rotation matrices is to analytically rotate objects in space. In computer graphics, it may be neccessary to rotate the object. Many computer graphics texts have useful discussions of object rotations using rotation matrices. A third related use of rotation matrices is to understand antenna positioners. One can describe the rotations of a positioner by rotation matrices, and calculate the effects of rotation not only on the directing of the antenna, but on the polarization directions, as well.


Presents a traffic radio concept which allows drivers to select traffic information according to their requirements. TEXT IN GERMAN WITH SUMMARY IN ENGLISH.


This project presents a novel low-power logic family, called asynchronous fine-grain power-gated logic (AFPL). Each pipeline stage in the AFPL circuit is comprised of efficient charge recovery logic (ECRL) gates, which implement the logic function of the stage, and a handshake controller, which handles handshaking with the neighboring stages and provides power to the ECRL gates which reduces power by using protocols.


Information technologies in the postindustrial era require the companies to use new tools to be competitive within the high-velocity environment. One of the new tools they can use is business experiment. Full potential of business experiments rose with the evolution of information technologies. Using sophisticated information technologies or even basic approaches can help to get decisions much faster or even immediately in real time compared to using traditional methods. The purpose of this paper is to present several ways of how to use business experiments that can be used to enhance company's performance and to find out how prone the Slovak companies are to use business experiments. It should also give a picture how are the business experiments linked to level of informatization of the companies. The two main research foundations of the study were studying actual trends in researches on the topic of business experiments and a self-made survey among 382 companies in Slovakia as a partial outcome of my dissertation research. To interpret the research mathematical and statistical methods were used. First the theoretical basics were formulated and interpreted, as second these basics were enhanced with survey results. The biggest value of this paper is to present some new approaches of how to gain competitive advantage using business experiments. Using the business experiments the competitive advantage can be gained by decreasing the costs when designing the right portfolio, increasing profit by setting the optimal price or just by designing the right product fitting the specific needs of target group or finding the best business conditions like best geographical situation or even finding some correlations between not related products on the first view that allow to bulk them to increase the profit.


As one of robust estimations,information diffusion estimation resists the effect of gross errors by reducing the weight of gross observation values like selecting weight iteration estimation.Since no iterations exist,the weight got by information diffusion estimation equals to the stable weight of selecting weight iteration estimation.On the basis of this view,the method of precision assessment of multi-parameters information diffusion estimation based on Gauss-Markoff model is introduced in this paper and it enriches the theory of information diffusion estimation.


Learning by demonstration methods have gained considerable interest in human-coupled robot control. It aims at modeling the goal motion trajectories through human demonstration. However, in lower exoskeleton control, the physical human-robot interaction is changing from pilot to pilot or even for one pilot in different walking patterns. This characteristic requires that the exoskeletons should have the ability to learn and adapt the motion trajectories as well as controllers online. This paper presents a novel Hierarchical Interactive Learning (HIL) strategy which reduces the complexity of the exoskeleton sensory system and is able to handle varying interaction dynamics. The proposed HIL strategy is composed of two learning hierarchies, namely, high-level motion learning and low-level controller learning. The Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) combined with Locally Weighted Regression (LWR) are employed to model and learn the motion trajectories, while reinforcement learning (RL) is used to learn the model-based controller. We demonstrate the efficiency of proposed HIL strategy on a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) platform as well as a HUman-powered Augmentation Lower EXoskeleton (HUALEX) system. Experimental results indicate that the proposed HIL strategy is able to handle the varying interaction dynamics with less interaction force between the pilot and the exoskeleton when compared to traditional model-based control algorithms.


Aim: To investigate the relationship of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and Ki‐67 expression with clinicopathological variables of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of 30 asbestos induced MPM (epithelial and biphasic) patients were examined for FHIT and Ki‐67 expression using immunohistochemical techniques and results were compared with clinicopathological variables. Results: Immunohistochemical study results were as follows: 12 (40%) cases showed low FHIT expression and 18 (60%) showed high expression. There was no significant relationship between FHIT and age, gender or histological subtypes (p > 0.05). Ki‐67 expression was 'low' in 13 (43.3%) cases and 'high' in 17 (56.7%) cases. No correlation could be demonstrated between Ki‐67 expression and age, gender or histological subtypes (p > 0.05). No significant association was observed between FHIT and Ki‐67 expression in MPM. Conclusion: The results support the role of FHIT as a tumour suppressor gene in asbestos induced MPM. There is no significant correlation between FHIT and cell proliferation marker expressions in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Therefore, it can be concluded that loss of FHIT does not interfere with tumour proliferation. This can be accepted as evidence for an early role of FHIT loss in carcinogenesis; however, it needs to be strengthened by further studies.


Aim: To explore the efficacy potential of ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia serpentina against Chromium (VI) toxicity in fish, Channa punctatus. Methodology: Acclimatized fish were divided into six groups, each having 15 specimens. Group I served as a control, while Group II and III fish were exposed to ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia serpentina (3 mg l-1) and Cr (VI) (96 h LC50/10; 7.68 mg l-1), respectively. Groups IV, V and VI fish were exposed to three different concentrations of ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia serpentina (1, 2 and 3 mg l-1), simultaneously with 7.68 mg l-1 of Cr (VI). The induction of micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations, protein levels and liver enzymes-SGOT, SGPT and ALP- were assessed in fish of all six groups after designated exposure periods. Results: A significant induction (p<0.05) in chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei frequency and activities of liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) coupled with reduced protein level was recorded in Group III as compared to the control. Whereas, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei induction and activities of liver enzymes together with an increase in protein level was observed in Group IV, V and VI with respect to control and Group III. Interpretation: Present investigation evince the ameliorative potential of ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia serpentina against Cr (VI) induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induction, changes in protein levels and biochemical alterations of liver enzymes in Channa punctatus. Thus would help present work helps in saving the aquatic biodiversity and increasing the production of protein rich food fish.


The generation of fractals and study of the dynamics of transcendental function is one of emerging and interesting field of research nowadays. We introduce in this paper the complex dynamics of inverse sine function for n 2and applied Ishikawa iteration to generate new Relative Superior Mandelbrot sets and Relative Superior Julia sets. Our results are entirely different from those existing in the literature of transcendental function.


Daqu was used to degrade pectin and improve juice yield in the production of persimmon wine. The optimal conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that addition of 6% Daqu and treated at 45 ℃ for 4 h can increase the juice yield. Pomace was separated after 7 d fermentation and continue to ferment at lower than 23℃. By applying the strategy, it was found that alcohol content of persimmon wine reached 12%~14%(vol), acidity degree was 0.4 g/100 ml~0.6 g/100 ml and tannin concentration was lower than 0.03 g/100 ml. The final product tasted full and was brown, glittering-translucent and persimmon characteristically aromatic.


Objectives: This study was undertaken in order to evaluate by work space zoning and structure the concentrations of biological contaminants in the indoor air of domestic office buildings. Methods: Air samples were collected in the office spaces of 15 office buildings in Seoul from June 28 to July 28, 2011. Prior to the sampling, each office was classified into `open-plan office`, `cellular office` and `mixed office` according to the work space zoning. To evaluate the biological contamination of indoor air, total suspended bacteria (TSB), Gram positive bacteria (GPB), Staphylococcus aureus (S.A), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Gram negative bacteria (GNB) and fungi were investigated. During the sampling, temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide () were measured. Results: The TSB concentrations () were in open-plan offices, in cellular offices and in mixed offices, and there were significant differences between the three groups (p) of fungi were found in the indoor air of cellular offices , which was at least three times higher than the concentrations in mixed offices (p


The bedding and structures on bedding plane of quartz sandstone are the dominant landscapes in Zhangshiyan geological park.The comprehensive and quantitative description on the spatial pattern,and the reasonable protection and exploitation of its geological relics are important means for improving tourism and maintaining sustainable development of the park.This paper makes a classification of scenic spots for each section of the park based on the rankings of a variety of indexes which include four quantitative indexes of quantity,level,type and reservation/exploitation of the geological relics,and five quantitative characterization index factors of geological relic ratio,national level geological relic ratio,relic abundance,the fitness with the surrounding tourism resources,the quantity and proportion of the function sections.Some constructive suggestions are provided for the conservation of geological relics and the geological park constructions against the current status of the park.


Globophoria or Globophobia? In his opening remarks, Klaus Liebscher, governor of the OeNB, expressed his conviction that globalization, all in all, has increased prosperity in Austria, Europe and the world. Austria, especially, has benefited from globalization in general, and from the opening-up of Eastern Europe in particular. The continuous rise in the export share of GDP and the trend toward a surplus in the Austrian current account that started a few years ago are proof of these globalization benefits. To a large extent, these developments can be attributed to the success of Austrian businesses exporting to Central and Eastern European countries. At the same time, Liebscher emphasized that necessary structural changes had to be supported at the economic policy level. In particular, he referred to the importance of political measures taken in education, stressing that they involved a growing degree of forethought. Future job requirements and qualifications need to be anticipated in due time, and flexible forms of education must be offered. Such measures can also help bridge the gap between the "globophoria" prevalent in professional circles and the "globophobia" that large parts of the population adhere to. Concluding, Governor Liebscher pointed out that in an age of globalization, a stability-oriented, predictable and transparent monetary policy gained ever more importance: A stable macroeconomic environment is an essential prerequisite for a country to fully exploit the advantages of a dynamic economy and for facilitating structural change. Liebscher stressed that the creation of the Monetary Union and the successful introduction of the euro were important steps, not only for the European integration process, but also for positioning Europe in a globalized world.


The lightweight worsted fabric made of Sirofil yarn was developed and its textile performance was studied. By means of conventional testing, KES and FAST, it is concluded that with the coordination of proper fabric design and processing technique, the performance of this innovative fabric is superior to that of the conventional lightweight fabric Furthermore, it is predicted from the relevant parameters that its processability in the following suit manufacture is very desirable.


Japan's democracy is not perfect. (Which country has a perfect democracy?) The political system has been lopsided, and has generally failed to generate vigorous two-party competit ion; some topics of debate – particularly relating to the Emperor – have long been the subject of media self-censorship. All the same, freedom of thought has thrived for more than half a century, and Japan has developed an impressive array of small scale grassroots social movements, willing to take up challenging reformist and human rights causes. 2


A semiconductor memory device with a ferroelectric device is provided to improve data access speed by implementing a multi-port DRAM cell using a 1T-FET(1 Transistor-Field Effect Transistor Type) ferroelectric device with nonvolatile characteristics. A 1-T(One-Transistor) FET(Field Effect Transistor) type ferroelectric device is controlled by a word line(WL_P2) as being connected to a pair of bit lines, and has different channel resistance induced in a channel region according to polarity state of a ferroelectric layer. A plurality of access transistors(T_P1,T_P2) are connected between the pair of bit lines and both ends of the ferroelectric device. A plurality of port word lines are for selecting the plurality of access transistors. The plurality of access transistors have the same number as bit lines.


In this paper,we will discuss the technical progress and the most advanced designing technology of the LED backlight.Some caution aspects in designing and the predominant performance compared with CCFL backlight will be analyzed.It's showed that LED backlight would be considered as the perfect backlight for LCD.


A mobile communication terminal providing a user customized menu management service and a method thereof are provided to dynamically construct a menu according to personality of a user and to induce an interest in using the menu management service. A mobile communication terminal providing a user customized menu management service comprises a menu management module(200), a virtual space management module(250), a graphic management module(300) and a control module(550). The menu management module(200) stores and manages various menu components function by function for performing specific functions. The virtual space management module(250) stores and manages at least one virtual space image. The graphic management module(300) stores and manages various graphic images. The control module(550) controls the displaying of the virtual space image selected from the virtual space management module(250) and of the menu components stored at the menu management module(200) according to inputted key signals, selective arrangement of the selected menu components on the virtual space image displayed on a screen of a display unit, and generation of the virtual space menu by mapping the arranged menu components with the graphic images selected from the graphic management module(300).


Most major structures in the Charleston, SC area of the U.S. are supported on deep foundations bearing in the Cooper Marl. The fine grained Cooper Marl, which typically classifies as highly plastic clay, has a calcium carbonate content of 60 to 80 percent. Unlike some other calcareous soils, the Cooper Marl is generally an effective foundation material for both driven and drilled foundations. In general, the performance of driven and drilled foundations is comparable but the marl's cementation does cause some differences. The relatively open structure collapses upon shearing which causes large excess pore pressures. As a result, the capacity of a driven pile is highly time dependent and increases as the excess pore pressures dissipate. Vibratory installation, which generates a large number of shear reversals, is particularly damaging to the soil structure and negatively impacts the performance of foundations installed in this manner. Drilled foundations often use a vibratory installed steel casing as a construction aid and performance data consistently indicate that the cased zone of the shaft within marl, even when the casing was extracted during concrete placement, experiences a reduction in side resistance as compared to an uncased excavation.


Abstract Lawesson's reagent (LR, 1) reacted with 3-(O-hydroxy-, O-amino- and O-methylamino-substituted)phenyl-4-hydroxy(phenylamino)-5-mercapto(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles 2a-f and 4a-f to afford the fused systems 3a-f and 5a-f, respectively. A similar treatment of 1 with 3-(O-hydroxy-,O-amino- and O-methylamino- substituted)phenyl-5-mercapto(benzylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles 6a-c and 8a-c gave the condensed systems 7a-c and 9 a-c, respectively.


Cylindrical shells are a sort of main structural members in naval architecture and offshore structures.Due to heavy cyclic wave loads,fatigue cracks which are a kind of common and dangerous damage to safety may occur in the construction.Therefore the research on the cracked cylindrical shell is a hot subject always.In this paper,a detail analysis of the circumferential through-crack in the cylindrical shells with different boundary restraints is performed by means of the elastic-plastic finite element method.The results obtained provide the application of some analysis methods of elastic-plastic fracture parameters such as Dugdale model with a necessary theoretical base.


Objective: To select and optimize items in TCM syndrome PRO scale of drug addicts. Methods: The research adopted the syndrome elements authentication,combined with experts consulting and statistics processing by computers.Results: Qi deficiency syndrome elements include seven items,such as short of breath,disinclined to talk and weak voice. Liver syndrome elements include eight items,such as emotional depression,hypochondriac pain and preference for sigh. Yang deficiency syndrome elements include eight items,such as prolonged aversion to cold,pale complexion and cool extremities.Yin deficiency include six items,such as constipation,heat in palms and soles,flushed cheeks. Phlegm syndrome elements include six items,such as profuse sputum,the sensation of a foreign body in the throat; local,round and smooth masses. Qi stagnation syndrome elements include six items,such as depression emotional,hypochondriac pain and preference for sigh. Kidney syndrome elements include five items,such as being sadness easily,darkness around the orbit and poor memory. Blood deficiency syndrome elements include four items,such as poor memory,pale complexion and dizziness. Dampness syndrome elements include eight items,such as a heavy sensation in the body,sticky and greasy in the mouth; lethargy. Blood stasis syndrome elements include four items,such as abdominal pain; local,stabbing pain and darkness complexion. Conclusion: The current study will provide reference for the compilation of TCM syndrome scale of drug addicts.


We consider an arithmetic function defined independently by John G. Thompson and Greg Simay, with particular attention to its mean value, its maximal size, and the analytic nature of its Dirichlet series generating function.


A review of the field of photorefractive liquid crystals is presented. The first reports of photorefractive liquid crystals occurred in 1994, and the performance of these materials has dramatically improved since that time. Liquid crystalline materials have proven to be highly versatile, showing photorefractive character under a wide range of conditions. For example, new composites based on high-molar-mass liquid crystals are now capable of forming volume (Bragg) gratings with high photorefractive gain coefficients of >600 cm{sup -1}. Formation times for photorefractive Bragg gratings of 15 ms with applied fields of only 0.1 V/{mu}m have been reported. Low-molar-mass liquid crystals continue to be developed and show their largest photorefractive character in the thin (Raman-Nath) grating regime. Composites of nonmesogenic polymers and liquid crystals are also discussed. The experiments and theoretical work that have been used to characterize these materials are reviewed.


The idea of transposition thinking is introduced for invasive nursing operation teaching in this paper.Demonstrating teaching of the instructor is emphasized to help the nurse student to master basic skills,along with imitating ward as role playing,and clinical intern and practice for enhancing teaching effect,making sure that the nurse student can be better understanding on people oriented and patient centered,to improve service quality.


We set up an algebraic framework for the study of pseudoholomorphic discs bounding nonorientable Lagrangians, as well as equivariant extensions of such structures arising from a torus action.
First, we define unital cyclic twisted $A_\infty$ algebras and prove some basic results about them, including a homological perturbation lemma which allows one to construct minimal models of such algebras. We then construct an equivariant extension of $A_\infty$ algebras which are invariant under a torus action on the underlying complex. Finally, we construct a homotopy retraction of the Cartan-Weil complex to equivariant cohomology, which allows us to construct minimal models for equivariant cyclic twisted $A_\infty$ algebras.
In a forthcoming paper we will use these results to define and obtain fixed-point expressions for the open Gromov-Witten theory of $\mathbb{RP}^{2n} \hookrightarrow \mathbb{CP}^{2n}$, as well as its equivariant extension.


Recently, concepts from the field of design engineering have been found extremely useful in many areas of science. From the very large aspects of the universe (i.e. big bang cosmology and galactic and stellar evolution) to the very small (i.e. the fitness of the chemical elements and the life-codes found in DNA), the cosmos is so readily and profitably reverse-engineered as to suggest that it may have been engineered in the first place. The linking of extraordinarily complex, but stable functional structures with the production of value provides a strong impression of the action of a transcendent, yet calculating, intentionality. The most coherent view of the cosmos appears to be that of an engineered system of interdependent subsystems that efficiently interact to prepare for, develop, and support advanced life, subject to various constraints. Considerations of intention and purpose in natural science have recently been disallowed, and yet our world seems to be infused with purpose. The cosmological quest benefits from the integration of knowledge from all areas of study, including those that consider questions of purpose, such as design engineering. The synthesis of this knowledge that provides the most satisfying answers for the human condition is one that admits the recognition of purpose, and possibly the existence of an (as yet, not-well-understood) engineering influence. In a course for engineering majors at our university, students are encouraged to integrate their knowledge of science and engineering with the development of a coherent cosmology and worldview. A major component of this course includes the recognition of engineering design characteristics in nature. Characteristics such as stability, predictability, reliability, transparency, controllability, efficiency, and optimality are found in nearly all human-engineered systems. These characteristics are also prevalent throughout the integrated and finely-tuned systems that make up the cosmos. Examples of such are studied by the students, and presented in what follows. Students are challenged to weigh the evidence supporting various explanations for the current structures and resulting values found in the universe. In so doing they make the most of their technical education, and find motivation for a fulfilling and hopeful life of meaning, purpose, and service to humanity, as a deep-thinking engineer. Engineering Impact on Worldview As early human beings discovered the basic workings of nature, they also learned how to use their creativity to put those discoveries to work in solving the everyday problems of life. Hence the fledgling field of engineering was born. Throughout the millennia, scientific discoveries have continued to fuel the fires of engineering industry. In recent years, the closely-related fields of science and engineering have enjoyed enormous success. The maturity of these fields has enabled current practitioners to deliver a potential productivity and quality of life which was hardly dreamed of a hundred years ago. Nature has proven to be incredibly bountiful and profoundly deep in providing mankind with an array of challenging puzzles to solve. Human mental capacity and insatiable curiosity make it difficult to resist these mysteries, especially after repeatedly experiencing how their unraveling results in such incredible satisfaction, fruitfulness, and profitability 1,2 . Could it be that the realm of nature and the human mind were, in some sense, P ge 13201.2 made for each other; possibly for the purpose of communicating important truths? This idea goes a long way toward explaining the fine-tuning of the cosmos for life, and the success humans have had in reverse engineering the cosmos. It is proposed that engineering design principles, along with "the engineering mindset", can be profitably applied to establish a coherent understanding of the fundamental nature of the cosmos and the place of humanity within it. This paper represents the start of an ambitious project which necessarily draws upon many fields of knowledge, but what better way to use the diverse and abundant resources of the university setting. An interdisciplinary course has been introduced to assist and encourage students to incorporate techniques and information from technical courses in the formulation of a comprehensive and coherent worldview. Engineering graduates who have wrestled with these concepts are believed to be better equipped and motivated to live a fulfilling life of hope, purpose and service to humanity. The Philosopher Engineer It is particularly important for engineering students to begin to establish a coherent worldview upon which to base their life's work. Sir Eric Ashby, a British scientist and educator wrote that The engineer is the key figure in the material progress of the world. It is his engineering that makes a reality of the potential value of science by translating scientific knowledge into tools, resources, energy and labor to bring them into the service of man ... To make contributions of this kind the engineer requires the imagination to visualize the needs of society and to appreciate what is possible as well as the technological and broad social age understanding to bring his vision to reality. 3 This idea was echoed recently by Domenico Grasso, the Dean of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences at the University of Vermont, in an article entitled "Is It Time to Shut Down Engineering Colleges?" Consider the following exert. ...engineers need to grow beyond their traditional roles as problem-solvers to become problem-definers. To catalyze this shift, our engineering curriculum, now packed with technical courses, needs a fresh start. Today's engineers must be educated to think broadly in fundamental and integrative ways about the basic tenets of engineering. If we define engineering as the application of math and science in service to humanity, these tenets must include study of the human condition, the human experience, the human record. 4 When the engineering mindset is complemented with a broader education in the humanities, it becomes a valuable asset for assessing various views of the world, and greatly informs problem solving activities. In his book, The Introspective Engineer, Sam Florman writes that the universe presents itself to us as a mystery to be studied and acted upon. Later he adds that "...although engineering relies upon science and mathematical verities, in the end it responds to the demands of the human spirit." 5 The broadening of engineering education, and its implications for the areas P ge 13201.3 of worldview formation and philosophy, will better equip engineers to meet the needs and desires of the human spirit. Reverse Systems Engineering of Nature What might lead one to suspect that ideas from the field of engineering can be helpful in developing a coherent worldview? Well, normally, information from scientific discoveries is funneled into the development of engineered products for the benefit of humanity. But recently an unusual turnabout in the flow of practical information is being realized. Concepts from the field of design engineering, and the engineering mindset, have been found to be extremely useful in areas of science such as cellular biology. As an example, consider a leading microbiology researcher with the Scripps Institute, Dr. Gaudenz Danuser, who was trained as an engineer, but as a graduate student, became fascinated with the way engineering principles were so useful in understanding the inner workings of the cell. Now he successfully conducts what he calls "reverse systems engineering of dynamic cellular processes" 6 . The concept of "reverse systems engineering" that he employs in describing his approach is significant. Systems engineering is defined as "an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems" 7 . Reverse engineering is the design analysis of system components and their interrelationships within a higher level system 8 . Basically, it is the process of extracting the engineering knowledge or design blueprints from anything that has been engineered 9 . Thus reverse systems engineering can be described as a multidisciplinary endeavor to extract engineering design knowledge from a complex system consisting of multiple interacting subsystems that have been synthesized to work together as an integrated unit. A simple version of this type of activity is often seen in children when they take things apart to see how they work, and is illustrated by the following quote by Kathryn Ingle, a systems engineer, As long as people have wanted to understand what makes things work, there have been those curious enough to tear apart that which is a mystery to them. To fully understand a design it is important to disassemble the original item and then try to put the puzzle back together. During the disassembly stage one hopes to discover the hidden secrets by finding the mechanism, or mechanisms, that make it work. Whatever it is that makes it valuable stirs the human imagination which desires to possess its secrets by seeking and finding the keys to unlock its magic. 10 Methods and techniques for reverse engineering are described in texts such as Product Design: Techniques in Reverse Engineering 11 by Kevin Otto and Kristen Wood. Such techniques are proving to be useful when applied to natural systems, although they were originally intended for man-made systems. Could this be because the molecular machinery found in living systems so closely resembles man-made technology such as "motors, drive shafts, pipes, pumps, production lines, and programmable control systems" 12 . Author Mike Gene carefully documents this recent convergence between biology and engineering in his book: The Design Matrix: A Consilience of Clues 13 . Indeed, natural systems at all levels are so readily and profitably reverse-engineered by the human mind as to suggest that such systems


The prediction of the quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional ZrTe5 and HfTe5 monolayers has generated considerable recent interest in these materials. In addition, Dirac points and chiral-anomaly-induced negative longitudinal magnetoresistance (MR) have been observed in ZrTe5. Herein, we study the transport behavior of HfTe5 single crystals in detail and find a large (0.9 x 10(4)%) out-of-plane transverse MR, which is among the highest for layered materials reported thus far. We also encounter a large linear in-plane transverse (magnetic field parallel to c, current parallel to a) MR and discuss its possible origin. The mass anisotropy (gamma = 5.4 at 125 K) obtained by scaling angle-dependent MR data is consistent with the HfTe5 elliptical Fermi surface.


We previously proposed a vertical type vibratory energy harvester using polymer electret and dielectric. A proof mass consists of counter electrode and dielectric beneath it, which faces with electret on base electrode fabricated on a substrate. A narrow gap between mass and electret is feasible, since dielectric prevents discharge from electret to counter electrode. The narrow gap leads to large output power. In this article, we propose to use paraelectric as the dielectric material instead of previously used ferroelectric, taking account that ferroelectric has a severe hysteresis on polarization-electric field (PE) characteristics, which may cause energy loss. We experimentally prove the superiority of paraelectric (compounded TiO2-BaO, εr: 100) to ferroelectric (Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, εr: 2,600) in terms of output power. A miniature harvester with paraelectric employing double swastika-shaped springs for suppressing unwanted vibration modes generated 45 μW for free vibration at 20 Hz/0.8 mm amplitude (acceleration: 1.3 g).


Increasing international travel has led to increases in pediatric travel-related diseases. A comprehensive travel history is imperative to promptly diagnose and manage infections acquired abroad. Travel histories often are omitted from routine medical histories in adults. Through retrospective medical record review and prospective observation of initial patient encounters, the frequency of travel histories obtained in pediatric patients was evaluated. Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective To determine how often travel histories are obtained in pediatric patients. Methods A retrospective medical record review was performed at a single tertiary care children's hospital for patients aged 2 months to 18 years who were admitted October 2015–December 2017 with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes for potential travel-related illnesses. Demographic information and travel history documentation were obtained, along with travel-related testing. From May to June 2018, prospective, single-blinded, direct observation of a convenience sample of pediatric residents was performed during the initial patient encounter to determine the frequency and quality of travel histories obtained regardless of documentation. Results Of 249 charts reviewed, 27 (10.8%) patients had a travel history query documented. Patients with complex chronic conditions were significantly less likely to have a travel history documented (37% vs 67%; P = 0.005). Age, sex, length of stay, race, payer status, and critical care admission did not significantly differ between groups. Those with a travel history documented were more likely to have a documented exposure history (100% vs 52%; P < 0.001) and additional testing performed (56% vs 13%, P < 0.001). During this time, a simulation course with residents featuring travel-related diagnoses led to a significant increase in documented travel histories (5% prior versus 21% after, P = 0.03). A total of 37 patient encounters were observed; travel history was asked for 4 times (4/37, 10.8%). Conclusions Travel histories are rarely asked for in pediatric patients. Missed diagnoses may not only affect the patient but also have broader public health implications. Simulation is an effective tool to improve history-taking skills, yet more work is still needed.


Over the last decade, the University of New Hampshire (UNH) has promoted mutually beneficial partnerships between faculty and community partners vis-a-vis the Engaged Scholars Academy (ESA), a faculty development program aimed at enhancing faculty understanding of the principles of partnership and engaged scholarship. This research seeks to determine whether and how the ESA has impacted faculty-community partnerships around engaged scholarship. Findings suggest that Engaged Scholar Academy participants – as compared to non-participants – have a deeper understanding of the principles of partnership, are more likely to feel their scholarship is enhanced, spend more time with partners, engage their partners throughout the process of inquiry, and focus more on sustaining partnership outcomes. Copyright © 2013 Missouri State University


It seeks to understand the social, economic and institutional factors that have influenced the overall sustainability of community radio stations in the department of Narino - Colombia. After twenty years of legal birth of these media persist efforts to listen to local voices within an ideal of democratizing communication. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate organizational arrangements and management that have allowed them to stay in time. Through a situational analysis with  focus groups was evident that these social organizations have survived with limited financial resources to operate, in some cases directing its efforts from an emerging communication project and a relative acceptance by audiences that have not yet become part active in this project.


Significance An effective vaccine for HIV is still not available, although recent hope has emerged through the discovery of antibodies capable of neutralizing diverse HIV strains. Nonetheless, there exist mutational pathways through which HIV can evade known broadly neutralizing antibody responses. An ideal vaccine would elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies that target parts of the virus's spike proteins where mutations severely compromise the virus's fitness. Here, we employ a computational approach that allows estimation of the fitness landscape (fitness as a function of sequence) of the polyprotein that comprises HIV's spike. We validate the inferred landscape through comparisons with diverse experimental measurements. The availability of this fitness landscape will aid the rational design of immunogens for effective vaccines. HIV is a highly mutable virus, and over 30 years after its discovery, a vaccine or cure is still not available. The isolation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from HIV-infected patients has led to renewed hope for a prophylactic vaccine capable of combating the scourge of HIV. A major challenge is the design of immunogens and vaccination protocols that can elicit bnAbs that target regions of the virus's spike proteins where the likelihood of mutational escape is low due to the high fitness cost of mutations. Related challenges include the choice of combinations of bnAbs for therapy. An accurate representation of viral fitness as a function of its protein sequences (a fitness landscape), with explicit accounting of the effects of coupling between mutations, could help address these challenges. We describe a computational approach that has allowed us to infer a fitness landscape for gp160, the HIV polyprotein that comprises the viral spike that is targeted by antibodies. We validate the inferred landscape through comparisons with experimental fitness measurements, and various other metrics. We show that an effective antibody that prevents immune escape must selectively bind to high escape cost residues that are surrounded by those where mutations incur a low fitness cost, motivating future applications of our landscape for immunogen design.


Oxalate an end product of amino acid metabolism is not degradated further but instead is excreted unchanged in the urine. Oxalate is filtered through the glomerulus, and undergoes bidirectional flux in the proximal tubules. The tubular secretion of this organic anion exceeds its reabsorption. The overall result of this bidirectional transport in the proximal tubules is net tubular secretion (1, 2). The tubular secretion of oxalate decreases with expansion of the extracellular volume and increases with volume contraction (1). The reported renal clearance of oxalate depends on the method used to measure serum and urine oxalate, a 14C-oxalate method gives clearance values between 101 and 358 ml/min (3, 4). Likewise the normal serum oxalate levels depend on the method used: some of them (5-8) provide a low normal range of 0.67-5.4 umol/l, and others (9-13) a higher range from 10-41 umol/l.,


Land use planning is widely regarded as having a significant role to play in achieving or moving towards sustainable development. Through planning functions, environmental impacts can be mitigated, resources conserved and policy tool available to the planning system is that of regulation which works primarily through a mixture of guidance and control. This article examines the role, which the system can play in achieving sustainability particularly relating to the environmental aspects are considerations include the development plan policies; the statutory duty in making planning decision and environmental aspects as a 'material consideration'. The article further explores the way environmental considerations are being developed in the planning system in the context of this claims, focusing in particular on environmental policies in the development plans. Four main phases of environmental discourse are identified: enhancing amenity concern (pre 1970s); managing growth (1970s to early 1980s); environmental care and management (late 1980s to early 1990s); and integrating sustainable development (1990s onwards). The article concludes with suggestions on ways in which the treatment of the environment in the planning system could evolve


Considering the huge impact that has on the quality of oxygen (fermentation alcohol, flavor, consistency, and longevity) of beer, due to the intervention and interaction with a number of its components, directed the concerned to study very carefully to determine the required quantities and its necessary various processes of beer production. According to international methods for quality analysis results beer made during the production of beer we reflect these major shortcomings, which need to be eliminated, unsatisfactory stability of beer that time also brings a change of taste, the main factor is the phenomenon oxidation (the poly phenol's, proteins) in the final product. New interventions are reaching the level of oxidation reduction, while maintaining consistently also the color of beer. The combination of monitoring quantities of oxygen, carbon substituting gas and water quantity to remove the air, in the manufacturing process, brought obtaining a beer with flavor, taste and color stable for at least one year.


There exists two main analytical frameworks for analyzing the basic intertemporal choice, consumption versus saving, and the dynamic implications of this choice: overlapping-generations (OLG) models and representative agent models. In the first type of models the focus is on (a) the interaction between different generations alive at the same time, and (b) the never-ending entrance of new generations and thereby new decision makers. In the second type of models the household sector is modelled as consisting of a finite number of infinitely-lived dynasties. One interpretation is that the parents take the utility of their descendants into account by leaving bequests and so on forward through a chain of intergenerational links. This approach, which is also called the Ramsey approach (after the British mathematician and economist Frank Ramsey, 1903-1930), will be described in Chapter 8 (discrete time) and Chapter 10 (continuous time). In the present chapter we introduce the OLG approach which has shown its usefulness for analysis of many issues such as: public debt, taxation of capital income, financing of social security (pensions), design of educational systems, non-neutrality of money, and the possibility of speculative bubbles. We will focus on what is known as Diamond's OLG model1 after the American economist and Nobel Prize laureate Peter A. Diamond (1940-). Among the strengths of the model are:


Purpose – To empirically examine the changing pattern of competitive disadvantage experienced by the reporting companies in disclosing segmental information in the Malaysian environment.Design/methodology/approach – The study consists of a final sample of 116 Malaysian companies listed on the Malaysian Bourse for the years 2000‐2002. Four hypotheses were developed to investigate the relationship between segmental information disclosure and competitive disadvantage. Adopting weighted average correlation (WAC) techniques and total performance index (TPI), a multivariate least square regression model was employed to test the four formulated hypotheses.Findings – The statistical analysis employed provides a mixed pattern yet comprehensive understanding of relationship between segmental information disclosure and competitiveness level among 116 reporting companies listed in Malaysian Bourse from the years of 2000‐2002.Research limitations/implications – The proprietary theory assumes at least two forms that di...


A small amount to an object containing water, it is possible to express the rapid viscosity, to provide a thickening composition that can greatly reduce the consumer's working time. Against A xanthan gum to 100 parts by weight, the thickening composition metal salt to the xanthan gum powder surface is characterized by containing a xanthan gum which is bound at least 0.5 parts by weight. .BACKGROUND


A thermographic phosphor screen caused to fluoresce by continuous ultraviolet excitation is impinged by an infrared laser beam which locally heats the phosphor to quench its fluroescence and thereby form an image of the beam as a dark pattern on the screen. Provision is made to vary the thermal bias on the screen over a range of phosphor temperatures commensurate with maximum optical resolution and sensitivity thru a wide range of impinging laser beam powers.


After serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps, where he took an interest in flying and saw action in the Middle East, Geoffrey specialised in occupational …


Thyone briareus observed during the winter months exhibited certain definite diurnal periods of activity. (1) Between about 4:00 P. M. and 1:00 to 2:00 A.M. the frequency of "locomotor" waves increased in number and the feeding movements of the tentacles were more numerous than at other periods of the day, even when observed in the dark under red illumination. (2) When during the late evening hours Thyone was rotated in a vertical plane, locomotor waves coursed negative to gravity regardless of which end of the animal was oriented downward. Since it was found that waves of contraction could be elicited experimentally at almost any region by producing tensions in the body wall when Thyone was in a horizontal position, it is supposed that the sensitivity of the body wall is so altered during the late evening hours that tensions produced in the body wall when the animal was placed in a vertical position are sufficient to bring about the formation of locomotor waves at the lower end. Absence of statocyst func...


A very accurate method is applied, within the theoretical framework of the scattering close- coupling equations, to treat rotational predissociation processes in the He-CO van der Waals mole- cule. The method was already employed successfully to study vibrational predissociation of the He- I2 complexes and shows in the present case significant differences with several approximate methods used to estimate resonance positions. The physical implications of such differences are analyzed and discussed. the last few years, ' as the behavior of these systems car- ries great relevance in several apparently unrelated areas like the physics and chemistry of molecular interactions, the e%ciency of collisional rotational, vibrational, and ro- tovibrational translational energy transfers, and the kinet- ics of formation of stable dimers in interstellar clouds. When one of the monomers in a vdW molecule is vi- brationally or rotationally excited, the energy thus "stored" in that monomer is frequently larger than the dissociation energy of the vdW bond. The complex can therefore predissociate and the resultant reduction in the lifetime of the excited state leads to observable broadening of spectroscopic lines. The predissociation phenomenon can thus be viewed as a simple unimolecular reaction along the vdW bond, with the vdW molecule representing an activated molecule that is capable of fragmenting to form products with several different possible internal states. This aspect of the process obviously is directly related to the nature of the multidimensional potential-energy surface (PES) which is driving the motion of the relevant nuclei and which is added "locally" to the relative kinetic energies of the partners at each geometry. In other words, the individual probabilities for each of the final channels to be populated during the predissociative break- up are ultimately related to the couplings that act, while the particles are together, between the motion along the dissociation path (i.e., the vdW bond) and the internal motion of the "other" atoms which pertain to one of the monomers. The resonant nature of the predissociations discussed here, on the other hand, is also very reminiscent of what happens when a molecule (or atom) collides with another molecule (e.g. , the simplest diatom) and transla- tional energy can flow into the internal degrees of freedom of the target, thus defining the relative e%ciency of rota-


There are presently no means for estimating the risk of seizures carried by a given rate of fluid infusion in the treatment of hypernatremic dehydration. (HD). Fifty seven infants with HD were rehydrated on a 185 ml/kg/24 hr. basis. Among them, 9 (Group I) presented seizures for the first time during treatment; and 16, matched for age, did not convulse (Group II). Subsequent cases were ascribed a 120 ml/kg/24 hr regimen; 8 of these, also matched for age with Group I, constituted Group III. The 3 groups were entirely comparable under many respects, including plasma Na and urea on admission. The fluids were comparable regarding (Na), but their rates of administration were significantly different in the 3 groups: respectively 216, 175 and 123 ml/kg/24 hr for I, II and III. In each group we computed the slopes of the increases in weight over the admission weights as a function of time (α), and the slopes of the decreases in plasma Na with time (β). Despite the differences in the rates of infusion, neither was αI different from αII, nor αII from αIII. By contrast, both βI and βIII differed from βII. Plotting α and β values for each group against infusion rates yielded straight lines with very different slopes, showing that infusion rates affect natremia much more than weight. Thus, it appears that during the treatment of HD, seizures are associated with high infusion rates, which correlate well with rapid falls in natremia; plasma urea on admission is not involved in the seizures; and it may be suggested that the rate of decrease in plasma Na should not exceed 0.5 mEq/l/hr which corresponds to an infusion rate of 150 ml/kg/24 hr, containing 60 mEq/l Na.


Every learner, including those with autism, must be taught about sexual health education. Teachers have a crucial role to play in educating autistic adolescents about sexual health while they are in school. However, many teachers face confusion while teaching sexual education to autistic adolescent students. This research aims to describe the problem of sexual health education in autistic adolescents and the need for learning media to teach sexual health education to autistic adolescents in Special Schools. This study used a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews with teachers of autistic students in Special Schools. This research was conducted in 3 (three) special schools in Solo Raya, Indonesia: SLB A, SLB B, and SLB C. The subjects in this study were three teachers of autistic students. The research instrument used interviews with teachers regarding sexual health education issues and the need for instructional media to teach sexual education. The results of the study show that there was a main problem regarding teaching sexual education for autistic students; teachers with autistic adolescents experience confusion in teaching sexual education for autistic adolescents because there are no props or media that are suitable for autistic characteristics. Autism students more easily accept learning using visual-based media. This research's limitation is the sample, which only uses a small sample. This research was only conducted on teachers of autistic students in the Special Schools setting. Based on previous research on sexual education aimed at students with disabilities in general, the novelty of this study is to describe the problems of sexual education in autism students in the adolescent age category.


Port Harcourt municipality, southern Nigeria, is faced with environmental problems with slums and informal settlements communities, ranging from use of poor and overstressed facilities and inadequate water and electricity supplies and lack appropriate garbage disposal facilities and good drainage systems resulting in perennial flooding due to blocked drainage systems resulting in a number of diseases, such as malaria, diarrhea, cold and cough. Communities are densely populated, with more than five people living in a room. Therefore this study was carried out to assess the public health status of slums/ informal settlements in Port Harcourt Municipality in Rivers state. The study utilized a mixed-method approach. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire and in-depth interview were used to collect data. A total of 180 Questionnaires were distributed across the five (5) selected waterfronts communities in the survey and key informants were Original Research Article Ogbonna et al.; CJAST, 40(32): 1-9, 2021; Article no.CJAST.76715 2 interviewed to obtain detailed information about the status of the various communities in the Informal settlements studied. The results of the study revealed that the most prevalent illnesses in all Slums/Informal Settlements were malaria, typhoid, dysentery, diarrhea, coughing, worm infestation, and skin infection. The prevalence rate of infectious disease recorded for all slums/Informal settlements show that Malaria had 15-17%; Typhoid fever14-16%, Diarrhea 1113%, Dysentery 12-14%, Cough 5-10%, Worm infestation 8-11% and Skin infections 2-4%. However, Malaria remains the foremost killer disease in Nigeria. It accounts for over 25% of under 5 mortality, 30% childhood mortality and 11% maternal mortality. These results suggest that people living in slums are predisposed to severe outbreak of epidemics, therefore requires an urgent attention for comprehensive interventions from the government and other organizations to strengthen existing programs to improve the public health and quality of life of this vulnerable population.


Recently, several integrated LiNbO3 optical switch arrays have been reported [1] [2] [3] [4], most of which have used the crossbar configuration. Here, we present the design and results of a 4 × 4 switch array using a new non-blocking architecture, the duobanyan. The duobanyan architecture has three banks of switches (see Figure 1). The signal passes through three switches independent of path. The device was measured using the TM polarization at λ=1.3μm. Proton-exchange (PE) polarizers and polarization-maintaining fibers were attached, improving the crosstalk performance of the switches.


The rapid economic development in Xinjiang provides a good opportunity for design industry.The teaching staff in artistic design of Xinjiang higher schools should seize this chance and make full use of local advantages to restructure curricula and establish a multidimensional teaching system.


Introduction & Recent evidence indicates that neuroactive steroids (NS) may participate in the pathogenesis of the schizophrenia spectrum of disorders. NS levels have been correlated to symptom severity in schizophrenic patients [8] , and have been shown to infl uence the function of major key substrates involved in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders, such as the dopaminergic mes olimbic system [3, 5] . Bortolato et al. [1] investigated the role of 5  -reductase (5AR), the rate-limiting enzyme of one of the two major metabolic pathways in brain steroidogenesis, in schizophrenia, suggesting that 5AR inhibitors elicit antipsychotic-like effects in animals. 5AR converts ketosteroid precursors (such as prostagens, androgens and glucocorticoids) into their active 5 -reduced metabolites. Two isoforms of 5AR have been identifi ed so far, differing in chemical characteristics and tissue distribution.


Objective To study the effects of EMPs on expression of bone formation-related gene of rat bone marrow stromal cells culutured in vitvo by RT-PCR.Methods Enamel matrix proteins were extracted from porcine permanent tooth buds by acidic extraction.Marrow of tibiae and femurs from 3-week-old male SD rats was obtained and cultured in vitro.Well-grown cells at passage 3 were cultured with different concentrations of EMPs(0,25,50,100,200 mg/L).MTT assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation of BMSCs.The expression of bone formation-related genes BSP,OPN and COL-Ⅰwas detected by RT-PCR.Results Cell proliferation in experimental group was higher than that in control group(P0.05),and the proliferation was highest when concentration of EMPs was 100 mg/L.The mRNA expression of bone-related genes(BSP、COL-Ⅰ)in experimental group was higher than that in control group,and was in a concentration dependent manner.But,there was no difference between the control group and the experimental group in mRNA expression of OPN gene.Conclusions EMPs enhance osteoblastic differentiation of rat BMSCs by regulation of bone formation-related gene expression.


As small modular reactors (SMRs) and various computerized operating support systems have been developed, visual display unit(VDU)-based multifunctional consoles have been proposed. The more a console depends on VDUs, the more human system interface (HSI) designers need to consider the decrease in the human performance caused by the effect of navigation tasks. This paper proposes a widget-based alarm recognition and management support interface system to increase the operator's ability to recognize alarms and to manage alarm-related tasks by reducing additional and excessive navigation tasks. With a small display screen, the system provides operators with quick and accurate access to alarm-related information and allows them to make corrective responses.


(57) Abstract: to provide a system and method for facilitating effective self-management of medication treatment by the patient. Smart tray, to monitor the patient's compliance with the regimen of various medication program, to report to a third party. The container of the drug are attached comprise the electromagnetic tag, the tag may provide various information about the drug contained in each container. Smart tray is equipped with a processor and a reader for identifying a drug contained in the container queries the tag of each electromagnetic. Smart tray utilizes the collected information, and provides visual and / or audio signals to the patient, a variety of drugs, when and how much amount, or a remind the patient to take. Smart tray through the reader, the time the drug container monitoring may be removed. Smart tray, via a computer network, one or more third parties, for example, can inform healthcare provider, the provider of pharmacy and other health care products and services, the. Furthermore, smart tray may communicate with various devices, and, in response to data received from the various devices can change the drug regimen of a particular drug.


The utility model discloses a charging payment system which comprises a charging pile for supplying charging power to an electric automobile, a terminal including a camera for obtaining identification information of the charging pile from the charging pile and an antenna for wirelessly sending the identification information of the charging pile and charging application information to a service platform, the service platform including a reception interface for receiving the identification information of the charging pile and the charging application information of the terminal, a processor for generating charging passwords, and a sending interface for sending the charging passwords to an operation management system, and the operation management system including an interface which sends the received charging passwords and verification information to the charging pile. The charging payment system solves the problem that a conventional charging payment of electric automobiles can only be realized by cashes or physical cards. The charging payment system makes payment simpler and saves resources.


This paper examines the effect that form-focused feedback has on quality and accuracy in new pieces of writing, and on student perceptions. Seventeen students receiving form-focused feedback and a group of eighteen students receiving no form-focused feedback were examined to investigate the effect of each treatment. Five content areas and three types of grammatical errors were analyzed using paired samples t-tests to trace the differences between two argumentative essays. Student perceptions on the feedback process were also gathered via questionnaires (at the end of the course). Data revealed that both groups made significant gains on quality though differences existed in how each group improved. Independent sample t-tests found that no significant differences existed in student perceptions of the feedback treatment. The results suggest that form-focused correction as compared to no form-focused correction does help to improve grammatical accuracy but improvement comes at the expense of other areas.


Catheter shaft utilizing perfluoroalkoxy polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA) as a lumen having a lubricating aid in advancement of additional medical instrument is disclosed. PFA has a suitable lubricity on that does not require special manufacturing techniques. Thus, PFA by conventional dissolution extrusion techniques, as well as injection, compression, rotational transfer, because it may be processed by blow molding process, to optimize the production of lubricating lumen. In addition, the catheter shaft includes an outer tubular member that has been modified by the removal process. Removal process selectively removes molded polymer material extruded between and around the contour of the support layer. In one embodiment an illustrative, part of the outer layer of the catheter is removed by laser ablation are supplemented by various flexibility characteristics of the polymer insert.


We report the occurrence of the rare and enigmatic diatom species Cymbopleura semirecta (Manguin ex Kociolek & Reviers) Bahls here for the first time from the southern Rocky Mountains. We review the current systematics and historic taxonomic placement of this taxon and its placement in both Cymbella and Cymbopleura. Valve morphology and ultrastructure are presented based on light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)_investigations. LM and SEM observations show this species lacks apical pore fields, a key feature helping to definitively place this taxon in Cymbopleura. We discuss the distribution of this species in higher latitude freshwater environments.


This paper shows how persuasive definitions are extremely powerful rhetorical tools often used to influence public policy arguments. In five case studies analyzed and evaluated, the use of the persuasive definition as an argumentative technique had consequences that changed social policies in a way that led to significant gains in the interests of some advocacy groups and losses in the interests of other advocacy groups. Several hypotheses are put forward concerning the conditions under which the use of a persuasive definition ought to bejudged appropriate or not in a given case. A new dialectical approach to the study of definitions is proposed.


This paper began with the assumption that meaningful protection of refugees is critical input to international peace and security. However, this input is usually agitated by the complex relations between the practices in refugee protection, and the approaches of resolving entrenched ethnic tensions amongst them. The theory of change for refugee protection is that, while the mandate is humanitarian as it has been for over seventy years now, it is fundamentally a component of peacebuilding in countries producing refugees. Important point here is that refugees are cross-border nationalists who should adequately be prepared to meaningfully contribute to the international peace process. However, this process which should deliver simultaneous purpose of protecting refugees in host States, and contribute to political solutions in countries of origins through reconciled ethnic differences in their camps is still work in progress. The article will justify the argument with some case studies in which ethnicity destabilizes protection aims and undermines its position in international peacebuilding processes.


R 62 818 and codeine were studied in parallel, mainly in mice and rats. Three levels of analgesia were measured in mice using the hot plate test. ED50 values after sc administration were 6.20, 12.4, and 32.5 mg/kg with R 62 818 and 9.38, 18.7 and 32.5 mg/kg with codeine. In rats five levels of analgesic activity were evaluated, three in the acetic acidinduced writhing and two in the tail withdrawal reaction test. The oral ED50 values were: 2.71, 6.20, 12.4, 12.9, and 17.7 mg/kg with R 62 818 and 5.79, 8.17, 13.3, 24.8, and 69.3 mg/kg with codeine. In mice progressively more marked mydriasis was induced with R 62 818 at doses of 15.2, 23.0, and 52.9 mg/kg, with codeine at the much lower doses of 8.76, 11.5, and 26.4 mg/kg. Straub tail occurred with both compounds at 24.7 mg/kg. In contrast to codeine, R 62 818 did not reduce gastrointestinal motility. In rats various morphine‐like effects (exopthalmos, blockade of pinna and cornea reflexes, muscle rigidity) were observed with both compounds, but with R 62 818 at much higher doses relative to the analgesic dose. In contrast to codeine, R 62 818 did not induce constipation. Naloxone reversed the analgesic and behavioral effects of an equipotent dose of both compounds with comparable effectiveness. R 62 818 protected animals from KCN‐induced lethal shock, whereas codeine did not. Like other narcotic analgesics, codeine potentiated tryptamine lethality, whereas R 62 818 did not. The safety margins (LD50: lowest hot plate ED 50) in mice were 96.3 for R 62 818 and 21.9 for codeine, in rats (LD50: lowest tail withdrawal ED50) 81.8 for R 62 818 and 18.3 for codeine. R 62 818 appears to be a relatively more specific, slightly more potent and safer analgesic than codeine, with earlier peak effect and shorter duration of action. Its activity profile is not typical morphine‐like.


Cycling and general sustainable mobility has become a topical issue around Europe, and gradually also in Latvia, including Valmiera – a medium size town, which is a research-base for this study where the governance and development of the municipal cycling infrastructure is analysed. The rapid growth of cycling in Valmiera not only highlights some deficiencies in urban infrastructure developments, but also reveals the management problems: the expectations and needs of users of different means of transportation and also pedestrians are not met. Looking towards solving various cycling development issues, it is necessary, first of all, to develop an understanding of system's approach and the systemic governance of the cycling infrastructure. The urban transport/mobility system must be developed as a whole, integrating cycling mobility in it as an independently and continuously developing component, promoting a process of cooperation between all parties involved. Thus, to facilitate the cycling mobility of inhabitants in Valmiera, the involvement/participation of all the interested parties shall be pro-actively communicated – informed, educated/trained, pro-cycling behaviour encouraged. During this integrative case study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied complementary: analysis of documents, infrastructure observations in the town with photo documentation, survey of inhabitants, also in-depth semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Additionally, a participatory observation was conducted through participation in cycling activities, forums, working groups, etc., elaborating suggestions for the municipal planning document - Transport Infrastructure Development Concept of Valmiera.


BACKGROUND
Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been recognized for a long time and a number of studies have been performed in various parts of the world, using culturally appropriate smell identification tests.

OBJECTIVE
In this study, for the first time, olfactory function has been assessed in the Indian Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) patients using an indigenously developed smell test.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Olfaction was assessed in 53 IPD patients and 50 healthy controls using SniffIn-sticks ® test and Indian Smell Identification test (INSIT). In both these tests, the subjects were asked to identify the smell from a set of choices and were scored out of 10 and 12 for INSIT and SniffIn-sticks ® test, respectively.

RESULTS
Both SniffIn-sticks ® test and INSIT showed significant impairment in olfaction in IPD patients (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation of the scores of both tests with Hoehn and Yahr (H and Y) stage, duration of illness and Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose (LEDD). The tests had a high correlation, r = 0.75 (P < 0.001) and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves did not differ significantly. Using a cut off value of 4 (values ≤ 4 indicating disease), INSIT showed a sensitivity of 79.2% and specificity of 78%.

CONCLUSION
INSIT, being cheap, convenient and more acceptable in the Indian population, can be considered as a better alternative for SniffIn-sticks ® test in the evaluation of olfaction in Indian PD subjects.


INTRODUCTION: Quadrature or circularly polarized (CP) coils are desired in MR experiments due to their improved MR sensitivity (by 40%) and reduced excitation power (by half) compared with linear coils. This is particularly true in parallel imaging and parallel excitation where the reception/excitation acceleration demands highly efficient receive and transmit. Conventionally quadrature coils are driven from two feeding ports. In surface coils, which usually serve as resonant elements in parallel imaging coil arrays, the quadrature mode is usually formed by using two loops orthogonal to each other. Their bulky structure limits their application to designing parallel imaging arrays. Soutome and co-worker proposed a method for single-feed birdcage coil and demonstrated its feasibility at 1.5T (1). In this work, we propose a method to generating quadrature modes by single-feed surface coil for high field MR applications. This method is based on the single-feed CP microstrip patch resonator technology. To demonstrate the concept, a single-feed quadrature coil array with two elements was designed and evaluated by using FDTD simulation and bench test.


In the version of LFG presented in Bresnan (1982), relation-changing processes were viewed as redundancy relationships between lexical entries which allowed the syntactic part of the theory to have a strongly monoto nic character. However, there are both empirical and substantive short comings with this approach to the lexicon. In this paper I outline these shortcomings, and then present a new theory of relation changes in LFG, often referred to as lexical mapping theory. Lexical mapping theory pro vides a theory of argument-structures, which mediate the mappings be tween semantic role in lexical relations and syntactic functions in f -struc ture. In the latter half of the paper I present the details and consequences of this theory, and also look at the principles constraining mappings that have been proposed in the recent literature.


The mixed nature of industrial and service dimension of a hotel including pure service (room service), stock management service (beverage and vendors product), and in-house processing (Food at the restaurant) crafts are a unique business setting for a hotel. In consequence, it creates a challenging task for monitoring the alignment of the strategic plan of the hotel. Hence, the performance of a hotel needs to be measured through a three-dimensional perspective which covers (i) nature of pure service, (ii) product, and (iii) service-product. The measure of the three-dimensional perspective requires empirically validated hotel-specific performance measurement system. The study reviews experts' views on performance measurement dimensions for the hotel industry in Sri Lanka based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Performance dimensions identified through literature review evaluated by a panel of experts consists of academics, seniors and middle-level management of hotels, government and travel advisory officials, and opinion leaders. The results of AHP on performance dimensions were re-confirmed by applying Content Validity Ratio (CVR) analysis. The AHP order of performance dimensions begins with Competitiveness followed by Finance, Quality, Innovation, Flexibility, Resource utilization, Environment, and Supplier Performance respective. The CVR on AHP order confirmed 6 dimensions on performance measurement for Sri Lankan hotel industry as final selection leaving out environmental and supplier performance from the list of performance dimensions.


With the exponential growth of the Internet, information can be shared among government agencies more easily than before. However, this also poses some design issues and challenges. This article reports on our experience in building an infrastructure for information sharing and collaboration in the law enforcement domain. Based on our user requirement studies with the Tucson Police Department, three main design challenges are identified and discussed in details. Based on our findings, we propose an infrastructure to address these issues. The proposed design consists of three modules, namely (1) Security and Confidentiality Management Module, (2) Information Access and Monitoring Module, and (3) Collaboration Module. A prototype system will be deployed and tested at the Tucson Police Department. We anticipate that our studies can potentially provide useful insight to other digital government research projects.


[Objective]To observe the effect of Yisui granules on lymphocyte apoptosis and of Bcl-2,Bax protein expression of spleen in immune thrombocytopenic purpura mouse model.[Methods]40 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Prednisolone acetate group and Yisui granules group. ITP mouse model were made by injected intraperitoneally 1 :4 guinea pig — antimouse platelet serum ( GP —APS) at a dose of 100μl/20g every other day except the normal group.The 8th day establishing the model, each group were inrtagastrically at a dose of 0.2mL/10g·d~(-1) volume.Normal group and model group fed with normal saline,Prednisone acetate and YiSui granules were inrtagastrically administered eight days at a dose of 0.0113mg/10g·d~(-1)、0.3g/10g·d~(-1) respectively.The spleen were embedded in paraffin and sliced 4μm, lymphocyte apoptosis were detected by TUNEL,Bcl - 2 and Bax protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical. [Results]Compared to normal group,spleen lymphocyte apoptosis decreased,Bcl -2 protein expression increased,Bax protein expression decreased in model group (P 0.05 ).Compared to model group, spleen lymphocyte apoptosis increased,Bc - 2 protein expression decreased,Bax protein expression increased in Prednisone group and YiSui granules group (P 0.05).[Conclusion]There is immune dysfunction in ITP mouse,and the lymphocyte apoptosis and BCL — 2,BAX protein expression abnormal may involve in ITP pathogenesis. YiSui granules can regulate the immune disorders of ITP by regulating lymphocyte apoptosis and Bcl - 2,Bax protein expression.


Body temperature was determined weekly for a period of 3 weeks in 346 healthy children aged 5 months to 10 years. Individual axillary temperatures in the 346 children ranged from 35.05 degrees C to 37.28 degrees C and fell into normal distribution curve. This study has thus determined normal body temperatures in Nigerian children and will serve as reference data for future comparison.


This work concerns itself on two new coupled mKdV systems, the first with time-dependent coefficients, and the second with constant coefficients. The soliton ansatz will be used for the first system to obtain 1-bright soliton solution. The simplified form of the bilinear method will be used to derive multiple-soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions for the second coupled mKdV system.


Melts of semiflexible AB diblock copolymers are studied using the wormlike chain model and self‐consistent‐field theory. The diblocks considered here are symmetric in composition and in A‐ and B‐block flexibility. Under these conditions, the microstructure formed is lamellar. We find that an increase in molecular rigidity moves the order–disorder transition from χN=10.495 for Gaussian chains to χN=6.135 for rigid rods. In the ordered state, rigidity has little effect on the exponents that describe the scaling of the domain spacing and of the interfacial width with molecular weight. However, the proportionality constants are significantly affected. The spatial and orientational distribution of segments in the ordered microstructure is examined for a selection of conditions.


Technology anxiety contributes to an increased cognitive load and reduces user adoption of novel technologies. An illustrative example of this phenomenon is observed in the field of smart homes.To address this issue, we have identified an interaction paradigm known as natural interaction, which enables humans to engage with technology in a way that closely resembles natural human behavior and communication. This approach offers more user-friendly interactions that users are already familiar with, potentially reducing their cognitive load. In this paper, we present a case study of a smart lock system where we implement natural interaction and deploy it on a mixed reality (MR) device. By leveraging advanced features offered by MR head-mounted displays, we recreate the experience of people opening locks in everyday life. We conduct a user study comparing this interaction with traditional WIMP interaction in a mixed-reality environment. Through the analysis of collected data and user feedback, we examine the advantages and limitations of our proposed system.


The paper explores the evolution of pricing arrangements agreed between two art dealers, one in Paris, the other in Antwerp, in the period 1650 to 1665. These two dealt mainly in made-to-order works. They were principal (Antwerp) and agent (Paris). The principal posted prices, a common arrangement for commodities which involve high up-front costs and small sales volume, and where specialized information is an important part of securing clients and sales. To test an agent's commitment, however, a different arrangement is needed. The historical sequence was posted prices; an episode to test commitment; then posted prices once again, but with sale-or-return. The evolution can be rationalised as the discovery of ways to improve flexibility and reduce information, negotiation and monitoring costs. The historical significance of the relationship itself, however, is that it enabled the Paris dealer to negotiate successfully adaptations of Antwerp visual culture to Parisian tastes, thereby sustaining an export trade which might otherwise have collapsed.


A bifacial solar cell structure is applied to multicrystalline substrates obtained from the OTC cast material. The double sided cathode configuration made it possible to collect photogenerated minority carriers from the nearest side of the cell, which allows the minority carrier not necessarily to travel across the substrate having short diffusion lengths. The rear cathode acts as a current booster for the front cathode for light entering from the front side, and vice versa. Because of this two fold current enhancement, cell outputs equivalent to nearly 20% efficiency are obtainable from a 15% cell when 30% albedo from the rear side is incorporated. A simplified screen printing process for cell fabrication provides a promising method of scaled production.<<ETX>>


Simplified mathematical models are reported for the space shuttle's Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS), Reaction Control System (RCS), and on-orbit Digital Autopilot (DAP) that have been incorporated in the High-Fidelity Relative Motion Program (HFRMP) for the HP-9825A desk-top calculator. Comparisons were made between data generated by the HFRMP and by the Space Shuttle Functional Simulator (SSFS), which models the cited shuttle systems in much greater detail. These data include propellant requirements for representative translational maneuvers, rotational maneuvers, and attitude maintenance options. Also included are data relating to on-orbit trajectory deviations induced by RCS translational cross coupling. Potential close-range stationkeeping problems that are suggested by HFRMP simulations of 80 millisecond (as opposed to 40 millisecond) DAP cycle effects are described. The principal function of the HFRMP is to serve as a flight design tool in the area of proximity operations.


Objective To learn physical development status of Pingshan private students aged 7 to 12 to know about the physical development status of the workers' children from other places,and to provide a basis for school health programs.Methods Totally 1 594 students'(aged 7 to 12) height,weight and other indicators were analyzed in Pingshan private schools.Results The students' height,weight and other indicators were coinsistent with the rule of child growth and development.In some age groups,the average height,weight and other indicators in Guangdong Province in 1995 was significantly lower than the average.All age groups above indicators were significantly lower than the whole country in 2000.Conclusion Compare the Guangdong Province and the whole country students from 7 to 12 years old,there is still a certain gap of the same age students height,weight in Pingshan private schools.Comprehensive measures should be carried out to promote the healthy development of children in private school.


The investigation entitled "Evaluation of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) on the basis of physiological and morphological traits" was conducted during the Kharif season, 2019-2020 at the field of Student's Instruction Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. Nine elite rice genotypes were shown in RBD with three replications, and morphological data were recorded. i.e., Plant height (cm), tiller number per plant, ear bearing tillers per plant, dry weight per plant(g), number of grains/plant, test weight(g), grain yield per plant. The plant height was, plant dry weight and number of tillers per plant obtained maximum in Sambha Sub-1 in comparison to other genotypes.


The article studies the correlation between the Slavonic liturgical and non-liturgical versions of the Book of Exodus. The linguistic-textological data as well as some variant readings allow us to conclude that during the translation of the non-liturgical (full, ceti) text of the Book of Exodus the translator did not use already translated paroemias. There is every reason to associate this new translation with the texts translated or revised in Preslav in the 10th century. The liturgical (paroemias) readings were included in the full copies of Exodus later and thus partially replaced the non-liturgical text. Most often this replacement was performed in the full copies of late Russian group.


Kinetic simulation results are presented for the interaction of spacecraft with space environment in low Earth orbit. Case studies are considered for DEMETER, for which small but distinctive potential variations have been measured on Instrument Champ Electrique (ICE) sensors, as the satellite goes through regions where the magnetic field B→ is nearly parallel to the satellite velocity v→. Our results point to a small variation in the potential of ICE probes under these conditions, but owing to the smallness of the signal and inherent statistical noise in our simulations, it is not possible to unambiguously explain observations. An earlier study of magnetic field effects on the Swarm electric field instrument is extended by computing Langmuir probe characteristics with and without a magnetic field. The possibility of probe crosstalk is also examined by comparing collected currents when the two probes have same and opposite bias voltages. Accounting for a representative ionospheric magnetic field is found to lead to appreciable quantitative differences in the probe characteristics. No significant crosstalk or mutual coupling is predicted between the probes under normal operation.


The availability of one kind of session routing application layer providing a method and a server-based system network elements. The server system (12,18) is arranged to monitor a large switching network and multimedia capabilities VoIP session control edge node (21A-D) within the (20) to process the session establishment request. Server system status module (38) from the edge node receives a status message (22, 24), based on these messages, selection and modification module (40, 41) to select which edge node (21A-D) and an edge node (21A- D) which interconnect with other networks including associated in the response to the routing request (4) from the source node (21A-D) a (5).


Via a direct reaction of NbAsO5 and ACl (A = Rb, Cs), a new family of layered niobium(V) arsenate compounds, ANbAsO5Cl, was synthesized. Single crystals of these new phases were grown by employing ...


Due to teeth robustness, uniqueness and availability of medical records, today a new branch of research for human identification is ongoing based on dental radiograph images. This method of identification has particular importance especially in events such as wars, fires, tsunamis and other similar events with other biometrics features heavily damaged. In this article also a framework for human identification based on dental characteristics is proposed. The proposed framework consists of two stages: the first stage is teeth classification and numbering, and the second stage is teeth recognition. In this study, a new feature has been proposed for each of these two stages: Crown mesiodistal neck and anatomic crown length for the first and weighted sampling of teeth contours for the second. The proposed method is capable to solve principally and automatically problems such as diagnosis of posterior teeth, posterior teeth classification, diagnosis of number and kind of pulled teeth, which are overlooked or have been left with the simple premises in previous works. To evaluate the proposed method, experiments on a set of bitewings, periapical and panoramic images are done. The practical results show an improvement of 8% in accuracy of classification and numbering, and also 27% improvement in accuracy of teeth recognition, in comparison with the preceding works.