Abstract. Spatial diversity of the natural environment can be presented using raster qualitative data. They can be the result of collecting field data or be the result of stochastic modelling of a certain complexity of the environment. One example of such modelling is the determination of similar elements of relief forms on the basis of morphometric variables. The use of unsupervised methods for clustering raster data in modelling can produce different maps. It is necessary to assess the compatibility of the obtained maps in order to assess how significant the differences between them are. The article presents selected stochastic and deterministic methods for assessing the spatial distribution of data. Exemplary methods of measuring variability at the global and local level were discussed.


ets consist of different ingredients and each ingredient differs by different nutritive characteristics. The cost price and the violations of requirements of the nutritive characteristics values must be minimized. Decision support system has been designed for the interactive multiple criteria optimization problem (MOP). The weighted-sum approach is used to solve the MOP. The MOP is solved by selecting different coefficients values of the criteria and solving single criterion optimization problems (SOPs). Various optimization techniques are used for solving SOPs. The purpose of the paper is the comparative analysis of several techniques and their realizations in the diet formation problem.


Part 1: Business in a Changing World Chapter 1: The Dynamics of Business and Economics Chapter 2: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Chapter 3: Business in a Borderless World Part 2: Starting and Growing a Business Chapter 4: Options for Organizing Business Chapter 5: Small Business, Entrepreneurship, and Franchising Part 3: Managing for Quality and Competitiveness Chapter 6: The Nature of Management Chapter 7: Organization, Teamwork, and Communication Chapter 8: Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations Part 4: Creating the Human Resource Advantage Chapter 9: Motivating the Workforce Chapter 10: Managing Human Resources Part 5: Marketing: Developing Relationships Chapter 11: Customer Driven Marketing Chapter 12: Dimensions of Marketing Strategy Chapter 13: Digital Marketing and Social Networking Part 6: Financing the Enterprise Chapter 14: Money and the Financial System Chapter 15: Accounting and Financial Statements Chapter 16: Financial Management and Securities Markets Appendices Appendix A Law Appendix Personal Finance Appendix Managing Information Appendix


The maximum population density of the burrowing anemone (Ceriantheopsis americanus) was estimated at 17–28 animals m−2 in soft-bottom sediments of mid Narragansett Bay. The gut contents of the anemone indicated primary prey of harpacticoid and calanoid copepods. The consumption of calanoid copepods was higher in October than April, which may be due to decreased density of hapacticoids in the fall. The anemones apparently avoid fish predation in late summer by withdrawing into the sediments. After the seasonal fall migration of fish out of the bay, anemones reappear.


Traditionally, doctorate in education is pitched on two platforms. The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is pitched as belonging exclusively to the domain of research and scholarship, while the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) is pitched as belonging to the domain of active professional practice. This distinction is dysfunctional to bridging the gap between research in the academe and research in professional practice. Research in the academe is often insular with theoretical intents and with outcomes that have limited utility for solving active problems of or in practice in education. This misguided distinction can be corrected through a new thinking of the educational purpose and outcome-expectations for Ph.D. and Ed.D. programs in education. Doctoral education, irrespective of nomenclature (Ph.D. or Ed.D.) should be envisioned as leadership platforms through which knowledge and practice is used seamlessly to continuously ignite innovation and transformation in education. This paper proposes a framework for reexamining doctoral education and their comparative relevance in solving problems of and in practice. The paper aims to position the two doctoral education pathways as platforms for developing leaders who promote the generation and application of knowledge on solutions to problems of and in practice. Author presents a conceptual model that explores the two doctoral pathways through the lens of application of knowledge, research, and practice. Further research is proposed on how doctoral education can enhance practice in educational leadership and foster continuous improvements in education.


In recent years, there has been a drastic increase in the number of monitoring and surveillance camera systems installed worldwide. This is due to the ever-increasing crime rates. Remote surveillance system have become popular, and enable people to monitor their properties in real time, via the internet. Video surveillance has experienced a number of technology shifts. The latest is the shift from analog CCTV surveillance to fully digital, network-based video surveillance systems, which are meant to be ON, 24-hours a day. It is also noted that commercial home security systems are still unaffordable to a vast majority of the middle and lower class families. However, the emergence of cheap microcontrollers, like the Arduino, has enabled the implementation of low-cost security systems, incorporating the majority of features present in commercial systems. Also, even though a security camera system takes up only a small portion of the total household energy consumption, a small step to green up the home security system will not only diminish energy spending but also reduce carbon footprint in the long run. In this paper, we present a highly scalable, autonomous, solar powered, wireless monitoring system that also provides live video broadcasting. It is based on a low cost microcontroller, a camera module, and an online internet of things (IoT) platform. A motion detection system was also implemented and the microcontroller sends email notification whenever motion is detected. The whole system is powered by a photovoltaic system. Tests show that the system is fully functional and behaves as expected. The system can be used in residential buildings, commercial buildings, and also in remote, mobile offices, whereby there is no supply of electricity from the utilities.


Electric load simulator (ELS) is an important equipment in hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation which exerts aerodynamic load to the actuation system according to the flight condition. Due to the inherent extraneous torque coupling by actuation system, the most important issue for ELS is how to eliminate the influence of extraneous torque. This paper presents a powerful model-based adaptive robust torque controller, which transfer the external disturbance elimination problem to performance-oriented problem under uncertainties and non-linearities. The backstepping design via adaptive robust control Lyapunov function is exploited to construct specific control law for ELS. Extensive comparative results indicate that the proposed controller is effective to achieve a guaranteed transient as well as final tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities.


The objective of the Urban Productive Safety Net Project is to support the government of Ethiopia to increase income of targeted households living below the poverty line in selected urban areas. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land or asset, equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land; cash compensation equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land; cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market values, where applicable; opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 5 percent of net annual income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist); and cash compensation for entire structure and other fixed assets without depreciation, or alternative structure of equal or better size and quality in an available location which is acceptable to the project affected persons (PAP).


Caribbeana has become a growth industry in the wake of the United States invasion of Grenada. The veritable explosion of analysis, speculation, and general academic interest in the area has produced a good deal of decent material which would have been ignored or never have appeared were it not for the tragic events of October 1983. The three books reviewed here are but the tip of an iceberg; yet they provide a good basis for examining the events leading up to the United States invasion, the current situation in Grenada, and the implications of both for future development in the wider Caribbean. All three look upon Grenada from a perspective sympathetic to the Grenadian revolution and attempt to draw lessons from the internal collapse of the New Jewel Movement (njm), as well as to explain and elaborate upon the many factors, both internal and external, which influenced and limited that revolution. The first two books are


"Guarantees and Indemnities - nature of guarantees and indemnities, joint and several obligations, subrogation and contribution, defences, letters of credit, amount Types of security - floating charges, charges over land, charges over shares, charges over insurance policies, charges over cash, charges over book debts, charges over goods, charges over ships and aircraft Formalities - board resolutions, execution/sealing, registration, contents (S 482 landlord/government consents), stamp duty Priorities - priority as between competing charges, priority as against unsecured creditors, preferential debts, subordination Remedies and enforcement - powers of sale, appointment of receiver, appointment of administrative receiver and court supervision, rights and powers of unsecured creditors, procedures which can restrict/prohibit enforcement Vitiating factors - security intrinsically invalid, illegality, security created at point of insolvency, borrowing limits, commercial benefit, undue influence, duress, fraud Enforcement of foreign guarantees and security - basis of recognition, public policy, jurisdiction, competing receiverships (overlapping security - priority)"


Twelfth grade high school students have a tendency to experience stress, both due to academic factors and other factors. Stress that cannot be handled properly can manifest into physical symptoms. Physical symptoms caused by emotional and psychological stress are called psychosomatic symptoms. These psychosomatic symptoms are often not realized, so they often occur repeatedly despite previous treatment. This study aims to determine the proportion of stress and psychosomatic symptoms in twelfth grade high school students and how many of these students experience stress and psychosomatic symptoms at the same time. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Data collection was performed using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 42 questionnaire and a questionnaire adapted from Psychosomatic Symptoms Scale for Child and Adolescents which were distributed to the research subjects at 1 State High School of Denpasar, 2 State High School of Denpasar, and 3 State High School of Denpasar in October–November 2019. There were 67 (32.2%) of 208 samples who experienced stress and there were 158 (76%) research subjects who experienced psychosomatic symptoms. Out of the 67 study subjects who experienced stress, there were 48 (71.6%) subjects who experienced psychosomatic symptoms as well.


Opioid therapy provides essential pain relief for cancer patients. We used the population‐based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) linked with Medicare database to identify the patterns of opioid use and associated factors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer patients 66 years or older.


Taking Chinese excellent weight lifting athlete as research object,using the methods of literature review and mathematical statistics,this text builds up physical active ability model of Chinese excellent weight lifting athlete(including index model,important degree model,typical value model and evaluation system).The results indicate :The physical active ability index model of excellent weight lifting athlete includes shoulder width,index of coax width,KTL index,blood testosterone,power snatch,jerk press,bench over etc seven index signs.In important degree model,the biggest important degree is the power snatch occupy(0.52),the index of coax width has the least important degree(0.03),moreover,among the different weight Class,there have difference in shoulder width,KTL index,power snatch,jerk press,the heavy weight biggest,the middleweight is second,In physical active ability evaluation system of Chinese excellent weight lifting athlete,although there have differences in single-item grade point under the different sex on each weight Class,there have no greatly difference in the comprehensive evaluation of each grade standard.


List of contributors List of chairmen of sessions and discussions Foreword Lawrence Bogorad Editorial preface Part I. Origins and Variations: 1. Fossil evidence on the evolutionary origin of tropical trees and forests James A. Doyle 2. Geographic variations in tropical tree species Trevor Whiffin Part II. Reproduction and Demography: 3. Chemical aspects of the pollination biology of woody plants in the tropics Herbert G. Baker 4. Seeding patterns of tropical trees Daniel H. Janzen 5. Strategies of establishment in Malayan forest trees F. S. P. Ng 6. Studies on the demography of tropical trees Jose Sarukhan Part III. Architecture and Construction: 7. Branching and axis differentiation in tropical trees P. B. Tomlinson 8. Architectural variation at the specific level in tropical trees Francis Halle 9. Modular construction and its distribution in tropical woody plants Marie-Francoise Prevost 10. Architecture of the New Caledonian species of Araucaria Jean-Marie Veillon 11. Growth forms of rain forest palms John Dransfield 12. Araliaceae: growth forms and shoot morphology W. R. Philipson 13. A quantitative study of Terminalia branching Jack B. Fisher Part IV. Roots, Leaves, and Abscission: 14. Roots and root systems in tropical trees: morphologic and ecologic aspects Jan Jenik 15. On the adaptive significance of compound leaves, with particular reference to tropical trees Thomas J. Givnish 16. Abscission strategies in the behavior of tropical trees Fredrick T. Addicott Part V. Organizational Control: 17. Formation of the trunk in woody plants P. Champagnat 18. Multiple growth correlations in phanerogams R. Nozeran 19. Relation of climate to growth periodicity in tropical trees Paulo de T. Alvim and Ronald Alvim 20. Control of shoot extension and dormancy: external and internal factors K. A. Longman 21. Feedback control and age-related changes of shoot growth in seasonal and nonseasonal climates Rolf Borchert 22. Structural requirements for optimal water conduction in tree stems Martin H. Zimmmermann Part VI. Community Interactions: 23. Architecture and energy exchange of dicotyledonous trees in the forest Roelof A. A. Oldeman 24. Community architecture and organic matter dynamics in tropical lowland rain forests of Southeast Asia with special reference to Pasoh Forest, West Malaysia Tatuo Kira 25. Crown characteristics of tropical trees P. S. Ashton 26. Tree falls and tropical forest dynamics Gary S. Hartshorn 27. Gaps in the forest canopy T. C. Whitmore Index to subjects and plant genera.


Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are one of the most common hospital-associated infections. Recent efforts to characterize the etiology and reduce incidence of CAUTIs have been spurred by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) decision to cease reimbursement for CAUTI. To have a national standardized definition for CAUTI for national improvement efforts and public reporting, many agencies including CMS, have opted to use the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) CAUTI definition. The NHSN CAUTI definition was developed for surveillance efforts and therefore does not necessarily reflect clinical practice. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which NHSN reported CAUTI events correspond with clinician diagnosis of CAUTI at a University-Affiliated Tertiary Care Hospital. Methods: This study is a retrospective chart review analysis of all CAUTI events reported to NHSN from July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2013. Patient medical records were reviewed to determine clinician and Infectious Disease (ID) consultant CAUTI diagnosis. Results: A total of 102 NHSN CAUTI events were reported over the 3-year period. Of these, 66.67% meet the clinician CAUTI diagnosis and 41.67% meet the ID consult CAUTI diagnosis.
Conclusions: These results suggest a poor correlation between NHSN reported CAUTI events and actual clinical practice, with only two thirds of the NHSN reported CAUTI events being diagnosed by a clinician and only 42% being diagnosed by an Infectious Disease consultant. As long as the NSHN-CAUTI definition is used for public reporting, it is important to realize that the reported rates are not necessarily reflective of infectious complications of urinary catheters or clinical diagnosis. Instead, these rates should be evaluated to identify areas for improvement within the reporting facilities and when addressing national improvement efforts. Public Health Significance: The NHSN CAUTI definition was developed for surveillance purposes and is therefore very broad to capture all possible CAUTI events. Since the NHSN surveillance definition is being used for public reporting, the reported CAUTI rates may be artificially inflated and thus may not truly reflect patient care at any given hospital. This makes it difficult for a consumer to legitimately compare hospitals when determining where to receive care, as the rate may be more reflective of the frequency of obtaining urine cultures than of actual CAUTI events.


The invention relates to bituminous compositions obtained by the incorporation of thermoplastic polymer residues, in particular, automotive tailings containing polyurethane foams and thermoset resins and their method of preparation. The method involves mixing polymer residues previously crushed so as to obtain an average particle size less than 10 mm with melted bitumen or asphalt. The mixture is stirred at a temperature between 150 and 300degre C, the presence of ground particles of polyurethane foam and thermoset resins contributing to increase the speed of disssolution polymers. Is added, preferably a catalyst and / or a reagent promoting a coupling reaction between the polymer and some components of the bitumen or asphalt, which gives improved properties to the final asphalt mixture. The bituminous compositions according to the invention can advantageously be used for coating solids.


probably responsible for many of these unfortunate cases. In this Issue of the Journal (page 774), two doctors from Malaysia, an obstetrician and an anaesthetist, publish the results of their study of 138 patients undergoing caesarean section under general anaesthesia. They report that 22 patients in this group had some degree of awareness, factual recall or unpleasant painful dreams. Three patients had a very clear memory of events during' the course of their operation. Obviously such occurrences must be prevented and many suggestions have been made of possible modUlcations to the anaesthetic technique commonly employed in caesarean sections. The patient is usually a large and healthy young woman, understandably apprehensive and not at all over-sensitive to anaesthetic agents. Premedication is traditionally either omitted or much reduced, but the anaesthetist may attempt to guarantee amnesia by the administration of scopolamine. Of the newer drugs, droperidol given intravenously in a small dose shortly before induction of anaesthesia may be effective. Rather unexpectedly, It has been reported that diazepam when used for premedication has actually increased the incidence of unpleasant dreams.The induction dose of thiopentone must be adequate to cause full unconsciousness and It may be necessary to supplement the nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture with small concentrations of cyclopropane, methoxyfluran~ or halothane,« This is probably preferable to reducing the inhaled oxygen concentration much below 40%. As soon as the infant is delivered, intravenous administration of a further narcotic supplement is often indicated. The obstetric anaesthetist is truly on the horns of a dilemma; If It is inexcusable to have the mother awake, it is also undesirable to have the infant too deeply asleep. Great care and judgement are necessary to steer the ideal middle course wherein the mother sleeps soundly while her baby is born wide awake.


By the mid 1800s, American feminism began gaining momentum. Women writers belonged to a small group of women whose voices had cultural weight, and they had to negotiate between the demands of their writing and their involvement in the feminist movement. At the turn of the century, Sarah Orne Jewett, Zitkala-Sa, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman each had their respective audiences and each had to balance her writing and her interest in the debate over the role of women in society.
For each author, three years of her life and work are isolated in order to take an in-depth look at the influences of the feminist movement. To appreciate the complexities these writers had to face, both privately and publicly, their personal lives, the political atmosphere, and the writing produced are studied. Key questions are asked of each author: How did she respond to reform movements? How did she use her career to influence and change ideas about women in the United States? Spanning from the 1880s into the 1920s, Jewett, Zitkala-Sa, and Gilman each approached their work differently, and their work during this time highlights the complexity and connections of writing, politics, and life.


As Asynchronous Transfcr Mode (ATM) emerges as the best technology for suilahly integrating the various traffie classes of present and future broadband integrated services digital networks, testing methods and equipmenls assoeiated with this teehnology have to he devised. The high bandwidth of ATM as weil as its f1exibility in terms of supporled traffic types prevent the use of conventional approaches to network technology testing. Parlicularily, the conformance assessment of ATM switching nodes becomes a very challenging task because of their complex functionality and the sophisticated performance issues involved. This thesis presents a design and implementation of an ATM swilching node test system based on static RAM type Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. Real-time reprogrammability of the FPGA technology used reMllls in a high functionality virtual hardware system requiring very few hardware eomponents. The test system features the high performance Synchronous Optical Nelwork (SONET) and Synehronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) fibre protocols as the physical link for the eonneetion to the switching nodes under test.


In this article, we propose a framework for better understanding how structural change may be conceptualised and measured. In 2012, Oxford Research AB was assigned by the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth to study the impact of EU structural funds on structural change. For this purpose, we have developed a framework for measuring structural change. The framework is deducted from previous research and highlights six factors depicted as critical for understanding structural change and policy interventions aiming to stimulate such a change: 1) changing the structure of regional business and industry; 2) strengthening the regional culture for entrepreneurship and innovation; 3) developing collaboration for development; 4) building a more effective support structure; 5) strengthening a region's infrastructure; 6) developing an attractive and pluralistic region. This article elaborates this research endeavour and discusses the empirical experiences gained from a first application and comprehensive test of the model.


ABSTRACT In the first part of the present paper the result of an experimental analysis of common rail high pressure Diesel spray evolving in high counter pressure conditions is reported. The global spray momentum and momentum flux measurement can be strongly useful in determining the jet to jet non-uniformities in engine typical injection conditions. The jet to jet uniformities analysis can assist in the matching process between the injection system and the combustion chamber geometric characteristic. Furthermore the knowledge of spray momentum spatial distribution allows to optimize fuel air mixing and then the combustion efficiency that is fundamental in order to fulfill the new emission rules EURO 6. The potential of spray momentum measurement technique is showed. The internal spray structure analysis by means of local spray momentum flux distribution investigation is showed too. Results are discussed in terms of spray distribution characteristic, momentum profiles and differences in the spray structure obtained for the same nozzle jets. In the second part the results of GDI gasoline injector spray evolving in counter pressure is reported. An evaluation to use the same experimental approach for testing the internal spray structure is reported for multi-holes GDI injectors.


The equation of motion coupled cluster singles and doubles model (EOM-CCSD) is an accurate, black-box correlated electronic structure approach to investigate electronically excited states and electron attachment or detachment processes. It has also served as a basis for developing less computationally expensive approximate models such as partitioned EOM-CCSD (P-EOM-CCSD), the second-order many-body perturbation theory EOM (EOM-MBPT(2)), and their combination (P-EOM-MBPT(2)) [S. Gwaltney et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 248, 189-198 (1996)]. In this work we outline an implementation of these approximations for four-component based Hamiltonians and investigate their accuracy relative to EOM-CCSD for valence excitations, valence and core ionizations and electron attachment, and this for a number of systems of atmospheric or astrophysical interest containing elements across the periodic table. We have found that across the different systems and electronic states of different nature considered, partition EOM-CCSD yields results with the largest deviations from the reference, whereas second-order based approaches tend show a generally better agreement with EOM-CCSD. We trace this behavior to the imbalance brought about by the removal of excited state relaxation in the partition approaches, with respect to degree of electron correlation recovered.


In practical of realizing IIR digital filter by using fixed-point DSP chip,in regard to the design of filter indicator,when the sampling rate increase,it can realize IIR filter in the Matlab aided design,characteristics on TMS320C54x is actually changed,even unable to use to realize.IIR digital filter on fixed-point DSP,the constraint of filter coefficient value and methods to solve the problem is given.


Ships sailing through cold regions frequently encounter floe ice fields. An air-bubble system that reduces friction between the hull and ice floes is thus considered useful for the reduction of ice-induced resistance. In this study, a numerical analysis procedure based on coupled finite volume method (FVM) and discrete element method (DEM) is proposed to simulate complicated hull-water-gas-ice interactions for ice-going ships installed with air-bubble systems. The simulations reveal that after turning on the air-bubble system ice floes in contact with the hull side wall are pushed away from the hull by the gas-water mixture, resulting in an ice-free zone close to the side hull. It is found that the drag reduction rate increases with the increase of ventilation, while the bow ventilation plays a deciding role in the overall ice-resistance reduction. The proposed procedure is expected to facilitate design of new generations of ice-going ships.


This study aims to analyse the link between the votes cast at directors' elections and the quality of corporate governance practices. The regression analyses on the secondary data were performed using a sample of Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and included in corporate governance rankings published by the Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail and carried out by the University of Toronto's Clarkson Centre for Business Ethics. The results show that shareholders only slightly take the quality of a firm's corporate governance practices into account when electing directors. Our findings also indicate that more than 96% of the votes cast are in favour of the candidates nominated and show very little variance. This study differs from previous studies by focusing directly on the election of directors rather than on stock prices to examine how shareholders express their expectations about the quality of corporate governance practices


This study was carried out on fourteen broiler arranged between (1100 – 1500) gm. in weight to estimate the effect of drenching of alcoholic extract of Apium graveolens leaves on some physiological properties. The birds were divided into two groups which are control and treatment group seven birds for each group. The birds in both groups are housed in same condition, include temperature, light, food, and water during experiment period.The control group cavaged with 1 ml distilled water while treatment group cavaged with 10 mg\kg. B.W. of alcoholic extract of Apium graveolens leaves dissolved in 1 ml of distilled water for two weeks. The birds were weighted and blood sample were taken two times before and after treatment. The results of this study was revealed a significant increase in red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume, while there is no significant changes in white blood cells count, and body weight . key words: Apium graveolens, physiological properties, birds ريثأت يلوحكلا صلختسملا قارولأ سفركلا تابن Apium graveolens يف جاجدلا يف هيجلسفلا تافصلا ضعب ًياُغنا ًهع ٌّذعس يزطٍبنا بطنا تٍهك تٍسداقنا تعياج


Artpaper (recycled paper) paper is customarily used as materials for craft. Art paper is usually made from unused paper such as newspaper, cardboard, used books or using crop wastes whichcontains high fiber. The materials used to make art paper is the stem of the plant bark underutilized by the society. The raw materials are processed through biochemical pulping. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of art paper from the stem of the plant bark through the process of biochemical pulping of mixed cultures mushroom (T versicolor and P chrysosporium) with long cooking in NaOH with parameter test research tensile strength, tear strength and sensory (color, appearance of the fiber, texture and acceptance). This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern. The 1st factor is long incubation (L), L1 = 30 days, L2 = 45 days and 2ndfactor is long ripening in NaOH (P), P1 = 1 hour, P2 = 2 hours with 4 treatments. The results showed that for the highest tensile strength and tear on the treatment L2P1 worth 0.18 N / mm2 tensile strength and 15.27 N for tear strength. The test results of sensory showed thatthe texture wasdominantly morerough just on treatment L2P2 and the treatment L1P1 showed a smooth texture, the dominant fibers appearance seemedless in treatment L2P2 while the appearance of the fibers were not visible on the treatment L1P2, most dominant color was light brown in treatment L2P1, the power acceptance generally in the treatment L1P1.


This paper propose the use of "Proportional-Resonant" (PR) controllers for Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuits used in front-end converters for grid-connected applications. The performance of the PFC converter with PR control is analyzed using simulations and the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of control are discussed. The classical PI controllers and the PR controllers are evaluated on the same operating conditions, under severe distorted grid voltages.


In this paper, we study an object on almost Hermitian manifold M consisting of a nite number of Ji-holomorphic vector bundles Ei over M and homomorphisms i : Ei ! Ei 1. We call such an object a J-holomorphic chain. We then prove a Hitchin-Kobayashi correspondence relating the existence of solutions to certain chain vortex equations and an appropriate notion of stability for the corresponding chains.


The treatment of soft soil foundation is a common but hot and difficult problem in the construction projects. Based on the reinforced treatment of abutment foundation in Fuyan Bridge and the hypothesized different treatment measures, settlement deformation of abutment foundation was calculated and analyzed by means of software ANSYS; variations of synthetic modulus for foundation soil and curves of settlement deformation of abutment foundation were obtained, which offers references to the design and construction of such projects.


In the current complicated and changeable international environment and regional integration trend, Heilongjiang Province, an important window of China's opening up to the north and a major province cooperating with Russia, grasps the new opportunities brought by the establishment of China (Heilongjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone and the approval of the Development Plan of Sino-Russian Cooperation in Russian Far East (2018-2024). To predict and prevent the possible legal risks of Heilongjiang province in cooperation with Russian Far East, it's proposed to take some specific countermeasures, such as promoting the communication between governments, consolidating the foundation of cooperation, standardizing the investment of enterprises, promoting the internationalization of RMB, accelerating the development of trade transformation, and safeguarding rights and interests by laws.


The surface of unhulled rice has a complicated structure. Therefore, simple observation of a matured hull from outside is not enough to clarify its structure. In order to obtain further information materials were collected over a long period of. development. The surface structure of these samples was then examined by scanning electron microscopy. In outer epidermis, elongation of macrohairs and differentiation of microhairs started 15 days before heading. The stoma-like cells were observed 1) in the lemma near the hooking portion with palea, 2) at the tips of both glumes and 3) in the awn. These cells were identified as stomata by their morphology and distribution. There were one or two linear rows of stomata in the lemma near the hooking portion, and in these rows few microhairs were observable. Examination of the inner epidermal layer showed many stomata around the veins co-existing with the microhairs. In the lateral veins (lemma) and central veins, the stomata and microhairs coexist in the same rows. Around the hooking portion, stomata and microhairs separately exist in different rows, and the former were located closer to the hooking portion. We have concluded that the stomata and hairs perform an important function in the water metabolism of the hull.


In this study, different morphologies like plate, flower, spherical particles and flakes of ZnO, which have been prepared by simple sol gel method using Sodium dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), Trisodium Citrate, and Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as different stablizers have been reported. These products have been systematically investigated by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Photoluminesecence (PL) techniques. ZnO-PANI nanocomposites films prepared on ITO, and characterzied by XRD and electrochemical techniques. Microstructural details like lattice parameters, lattice volume, crystalline size and crystal phase have been determined from reitveld refinement method of X-diffraction pattern. FESEM technique shows that ZnO nanostructures morphology can be changed from ZnO nanoplate like shape to ZnO nanoflowers assembled with nanorods, ZnO nanoflakes and ZnO spherical particles when Trisodium Citrate, CTAB and SDS used as additives, respectively. Photoluminescence technique shows that there is slight red shift in the UV region and blue shift in the visible region with the addition of surface active molecules to ZnO, with concomitant decrease in the relative intensity of emission peaks. This indicates that the defects in the ZnO structure have been decreased as CTAB, SDS and Trisodium citrate added into the precursor solution. Cyclic voltammetry results reveal that the current intensity of PANI enhances with the addition of ZnO and surfactant modified ZnO. The urea biosensor, fabricated using urease enzyme on the trisodium citrate assisted ZnO/PANI/ITO nanocomposites, exhibits linearity in the concentration range of 10–80 mg dl−1 with detection limit of 2 mg dl−1 and sensitivity 7.30 μA mM−1 cm−2.


The new combination hepatitis C drug ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni, Gilead Sciences) has been found to be highly effective in treating patients with cirrhosis who have not benefited from previous therapies.


Department of Mental HealthIsrael Defense Forces Medical CorpsWe examined the relations between coping, locus of control, and social support and combat-relatedposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The sample consisted of 262 Israeli soldiers who suffered acombat stress reaction episode during the 1982 Lebanon war and were followed 2 and 3 years aftertheir participation in combat. Cross-sectional analyses revealed significant relations between locusof control, coping, and social support and PTSD at the two points of assessment. Changes in PTSDfrom Time 1 to Time 2 were also associated with changes in coping. We discuss theoretical andmethodological implications of the findings.Participation in combat places soldiers under intense pres-sures that can impair their functioning (drinker & Spiegel,1945). The most widespread manifestation of psychopathologyon the battlefield is combat stress reaction (CSR), also knownas battle shock and battle fatigue. CSR is characterized by psy-chomotor retardation, withdrawal, increased sympathetic ac-tivities, stuttering, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and paranoidreactions (Grinker & Spiegel, 1945). The common element inall of these varied manifestations is that soldiers cease to func-tion efficiently from a military viewpoint and may even endan-ger themselves and their comrades.It has been demonstrated that combat stress has potentiallong-lasting effects that leave soldiers emotionally vulnerable(Solomon, Weisemberg, Schwarzwald, & Mikulincer, 1987).The most common disorder observed among CSR casualties isposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is characterizedby reexperiencing the traumatic event; numbing of responsive-ness to or reduced involvement with the external world; and avariety of autonomic, dysphoric, or cognitive symptoms (Diag-nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders— Third Edi-tion [DSM-III]; American Psychiatric Association, 1980). Sol-omon et al. (1987) found that among a sample of CSR casualtiesof the 1982 Lebanon war, 59% had PTSD 1 year after war. Inlight of the prevalence of PTSD, the question of what factorsare involved in its development is a naturally asked one. In thisstudy we examined the impact of coping style, locus of control,and social support on the course of PTSD among CSR casual-ties.


The objective of this paper is to study empirically the relationship between export orientation and firms' environmental performance from different perspectives of trade theory. On the one hand, productivity heterogeneity is analysed within the new trade-theoretical framework. The approach followed is to determine firm-level productivity components, including an environmental productivity indicator (as a performance measure) and taking as reference the Spanish food industry. On the other hand, from the traditional comparative advantage perspective, this study also develops an export performance model to evaluate the effect of technology, environmental variables and factor endowment on exporting. The results show greater environmental productivity and corporate efficiency for export-oriented firms. Our findings also determine the positive effect on firms' export intensity of environmental performance as a factor of specialisation and technology proficiency.


Paracetamol is the most common drug employed in self-poisoning in the UK, with 25,000 admissions from paracetamol poisoning recorded in 2001 alone [Morgan et al. 2005]. The toxic effects of paracetamol on the hepatic and renal systems are well documented, but it is less publicized that paracetamol and its metabolites can have toxic effects on other organ systems including the myocardium [Jones and Prescott, 1997]. We present a case of paracetamol poisoning causing toxic myocardial damage.


The layer technique is to produce many memorable scenes by generating layers of new experiences on the existing ones as it is adding the cognitive layers on to the visually seen landscape. Its need is high for places whose landscape itself influences perception, value or expression and which determines the spatial and quality standards. The existing floor plan-based design methods have failed to be useful in generating complex visual experiences. In order to maximize the aesthetical landscape experiences in landscape planning, cognitive layers are needed which complement the input of adequate cognitive elements and the inter-element relationships. Here, layers are utilized to change the arrangement of the landscape elements and coordinate the cognitive flow so that the images could be connected and imagination could occur. A case in point is Anhyun Village in Gochang where physically distinctive layers are additionally set to make a visual experience enriching. The new landscape layers discover the fact that it provides diversity in experiencing the village landscape and forming the sense of beauty and that it is deeply immersed into the daily life of the village. Meanwhile, Guwau Village in Taebaek is an example showing the usefulness of various-layer setting in landscape planning in setting effective circulation planning. That is, the bottom line is the spacing-starting where and making it stay where for a few seconds, and the visual layers. It is also critical to encourage inducing circulation so that layers of the senses stimulating five senses could intervene. Lastly, Mulgeon-ri in Namhae is a case which directly made a parallel of the physical layers of the landscape composition and the cognitive layers of the landscape experience. Artificial landscape planning is mostly about manipulating of visual traits that people feel beautiful, but the layer technique is linked to how to make experiences enriching and renewed.


Under the Health of the Oceans Initiative, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Science sector provides advice in support of the establishment and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). On June 8, 2010, following the conclusion of an 18 month regional site selection process and subsequent approval, the Minister announced the Laurentian Channel in the Newfoundland and Labrador Region as an Area of Interest (AOI) for potential MPA establishment.


AbstractThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is soliciting comments to initiate a reevaluation of its approach to the regulation of the broad group of heterogeneous products that are marketed as medical foods. FDA's goal is to arrive at a regulatory regime that will ensure that: These products are safe for their intended uses, especially because they are likely to be the sole or a major source of nutrients for sick and otherwise vulnerable people; claims for these products are truthful, not misleading, and supported by sound science; and the labeling of these products is adequate to inform consumers about how to use them in a safe and appropriate manner. The agency believes that there is a need to reevaluate its policy for regulating medical foods because of a number of developments, including enactment of a statutory definition of "medical food," the rapid increase in the variety and number of products that are marketed as medical foods, safety problems associated with the manufacture and quality contr...


Abstract A very strong Arctic major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event occurred in late January 2009. The stratospheric temperature climbed abruptly and the zonal winds reversed direction, completely splitting the polar stratospheric vortex. A hindcast of this event is attempted by using the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), which includes the full stratosphere with its top at around 65 km. As Part I of this study, extended-range (3 week) forecast experiments are performed using NOGAPS without the aid of data assimilation. A unified parameterization of orographic drag is designed by combining two parameterization schemes; one by Webster et al., and the other by Kim and Arakawa and Kim and Doyle. With the new unified orographic drag scheme implemented, NOGAPS is able to reproduce the salient features of this Arctic SSW event owing to enhanced planetary wave activity induced by more comprehensive subgrid-scale orographic drag processes. The impact of the SSW on the tropos...


The problem of detecting and localizing "thin" metallic scatterers from electromagnetic scattered field measurements is addressed for a 2D scalar configuration and by the so-called distributional approach. The presence of a uniform grid of PEC (Perfect Electric Conductor) cylinders uniformly deployed around the scene under investigation is shown to enhance the achievabale resolution for aspect limited measurement configuration.


Let G be a finite group acting on a ring R. To know the twisted Tate cohomology H 0 (G,R + ) γ parametrized by γ = [c] e H 1 (G,R × ) is a basic theme inspired by Poincare. We shall consider this when G is the Galois group of a Galois extension K/k of number fields and R is the ring of integers of K.


Chronic LCMV infection delays tumor progression as a result of sustained type I IFN signaling and enhanced NK cell–mediated immunosurveillance. This observation could improve the development of effective treatment strategies for cancer patients with chronic viral infections. The importance of natural killer (NK) cells in the early immune response to viral or bacterial infection is well known. However, the phenotype, function, and physiologic role of NK cells during the late stage of persistent viral infection have not been extensively studied. Here, we characterized NK cells in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 and showed that in contrast to NK cells from acutely infected or uninfected mice, NK cells from chronically infected mice expressed a terminally differentiated phenotype, stronger cytotoxicity, and reduced inhibitory receptor expression. In an in vivo tumor model, chronically infected mice exhibited significantly delayed tumor progression in an NK cell–dependent manner. NK cells from chronically infected mice also expressed high STAT1, and blocking the type I interferon (IFN) receptor revealed that type I IFN signaling directly regulated NK cell cytotoxicity. Our findings indicate that sustained type I IFN signaling during chronic viral infection potentiates the cytolytic function of NK cells and contributes to NK cell–dependent host immune surveillance.


The reaction of triphenyl- and tribenzylphosphine oxides with alkali metals in liquid ammonia gave diphenyl- and dibenzylphosphinite ions, respectively, in high yields and a small amount of deoxygenated products. These ions reacted under photostimulation with aryl halides by the S RN 1 mechanism to give aryldiphenyl- and aryldibenzylphosphine oxides in good yields. With tribenzylphosphine oxide, by consecutive debenzylation with alkali metals followed by photostimulated reaction with aryl halides, all the benzylic moieties could be replaced by aromatic moieties to finally obtain unsymmetrical triarylphosphine oxides


Abstract Uncontrolled epistaxis may require a long hospital stay, multiple blood transfusions and multiple arterial ligations. Thiscase report highlights vertebro-carotid anastomosis as a rare cause of uncontrolled epistaxis. The importance ofangiography in the identification of rare arterial anastomoses is stressed.


Sperm sexing rouses great interest due to extensive application in animal production and new separation techniques which present both better accuracy and low costs are necessary. Thus the present study was experimented to separate X and Y-bearing bovine sperm using density gradient. To prepare discontinuous sucrose density gradient, sucrose solutions 35%, 30%, 25%, 20% and 15% were layered upon one another respectively into the eppendorf tube. Finally 20μL semen sample was loaded on the top layer. Then it was centrifuged at 500 x g for 12 minutes at room temperature. After elution of fractions and centrifugation (at 700 x g for 5 minutes), sperm was used for quality control by 0.4% Trypan Blue and 0.75% Giemsa stain. Other part of the pellet was stained with 2% orcein red or 1% eosin for 30 minutes to establish karyotypes. The percentages of female sperms were counted at different layers and statistically compared with the Paired-T test. Results have shown that means of Percentage of X chromosomes increased from top layer (27.01 ± 7.501 %) to bottom layer (36.93 ± 3.316 %). But the difference are not statistically significant (P>0.05). However it needs to perform further studies to obtain appropriate density gradient model. Our preliminary study demonstrated that the discontinuous sucrose density gradients can be considered as low cost tool for sperm sexing of bovine semen.


Zhang dun's plan and control to Jinghu had particular strategic value to the centralism of the Song dynasty.As far as Zhang Dun's virtue,moral conduct and capability were concerned,he was one of the greatest politicians of the Song dynasty.just because of Zhang Dun and his followers'efforts,could the Song dynasty contitue its prosperity in a situation of besetting with difficulties both at home and abroad.However,Zhang Dun was regarded as a treacherous court official by historcans,which not only deserted the justice,but also the moral conduct of a historican.


The dry-wetting spinning technique involving immersion-induced phase inversion and dry-sintering was applied to prepare two types of SiC and Al2O3 hollow fiber membranes. The two hollow fiber membranes were characterized in terms of morphology and chemical surface composition by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle and zeta potential measurements. The filtration capabilities of the two hollow fiber membranes were assessed by the separation of 200 mg L−1 synthetic (O/W) emulsions. During the treatment of O/W emulsions, the permeation flux of the SiC hollow fiber membrane was 163.9 L h−1 m−2, which was higher than that of the Al2O3 hollow fiber membrane (139.4 L h−1 m−2) at the beginning of the experiment. The membrane surface properties and the filtration results of O/W emulsion microfiltration demonstrated that the SiC hollow fiber membranes with a higher hydrophilicity had higher water flux and better anti-fouling properties.


We have observed anomalous electron production in multiprong events produced by e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at the psi (3772). For electron momenta greater than 300 MeV/c we measure an anomalous electron production cross section of 1.1 +- 0.3 nb. The measured spectrum is consistent with that expected for semileptonic D decay. With reasonable assumptions we find the branching ratio for D decay to an electron plus additional particles, averaged over the neutral and charged D, to be (7.2 +- 2.8) %.


A wideband circularly polarized L-shaped microstrip antenna with a planar reflector is proposed for Ultra High Frequency RFID readers. The antenna area is 200x200 mm without a reflector and 250x250 mm with a reflector plane. Simulation results show an VSWR bandwidth (VSWR<1.5) of 0.79-1.160 MHz and a 3dB axial-ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 0.74-0.98 MHz. Both VSWR and ARBW can cover global UHF RFID frequency bands and standards. Keyword Circular polarization, Directional antenna, Reflector


This is to register a strong disagreement with the review in the last SIGSOC Bulletin, which favorably described the Blackman and Goldstein book. The book was described as "a useful book to recommend to people beginning to work on dissertation research projects or in a programming course aimed at social scientists." While the book is quite readable, it glosses over the techniques involved in setting up analysis for computer data processing and omits problems of even minimal complexity. Its chief weakness is the perspective that it leaves the reader. For one thing it suggests that the BMD and P-Stat packages are the major packages for social data analysis, but even more disturbing it suggests that one can get along quite well using the ccmputer without much understanding of techniques and principles involved. It most certainly would not be appropriate for "a programming course aimed at social scientists," because not only does it suggest that programming skills are unnecessary, but it avoids interesting problems that programming is required to resolve. The negative consequences of teaching package usage alone have been previously stated at last year's Dartmouth Conference on ccmputers in undergraduate curriculum and at the ACM 1971 Panel on Social Science Computing Curricula. It is not clear to me why a book of the Blackman and Goldstein character should even appear in print given a more urgent need for other approaches in the social sciences. It certainly is justified as a mimeographed manual to be used as a supplementary resource for undergraduates utilizing computing for course projects. But the institutionalization of this kind of approach is most certainly questionable. I feel that much of the attitude of social science toward computing as low level, undesirable tedium results from an approach which over simplifies the techniques of computer utilization and implies that the most reasonable social scientists can go about their way quite well without understanding any computing. How can we stimulate students to tackle computing problems creatively, to optimize the potential of computing for the future of social sciences if we limit their exposure to control cards setups?


Because of the lack of energy sources and various needs of human society to the electrical energy, it is necessary to optimize the use of it that this matter needs an attention to energy management. Basically, traditional EMS designing was centralized, but recent trends in power systems encourage EMS designing to develop towards distributed energy management system. In this paper, energy management and distributed energy management systems in different parts of power system are described. Then, 30 buses and 57 buses standard IEEE grids are clustered and generation and consumption values of active reactive power for these grids are compared. Comparison between these diagrams as well as comparison between standards deviation values related to these grids shows that after energy management implementation, better curves for generation and consumption values of active and reactive power will be achieved.


for an Invited Paper for the GEC10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Bottom-up approaches to plasma synthesis of nanomaterials R. MOHAN SANKARAN, Case Western Reserve University Large-scale, low-pressure plasmas play an essential role in the manufacturing of integrated circuits that are now ubiquitous in consumer electronics. In recent years, new challenges have arisen for these top-down approaches to materials processing. Future electronic devices will incorporate nanoscale materials such as nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and silicon nanowires that cannot be fabricated by current plasma technology because of limitations associated with photolithography. In addition, emerging applications in sensors, energy, and medicine require materials that must be prepared from the "bottom-up." The aim of our research is to develop a new class of plasmas, termed microplasmas, for nanomaterials synthesis. Microscale plasmas or microplasmas are a special class of electrical discharges formed in geometries where at least one dimension is less than 1 mm. As a result of their unique scaling, microplasmas operate stably at atmospheric pressure and contain large concentrations of energetic electrons (1-10 eV). These properties are attractive for a range of nanomaterials applications. Vapor-phase metal-organic precursors can be dissociated near ambient conditions (i.e. room temperature and atmospheric pressure) to homogeneously nucleate metal [1] and alloyed [2] nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles are then continuously injected into a flow furnace to catalyze the growth of chirally-enriched carbon nanotubes or diameter-controlled silicon nanowires [3]. Recently, we have also coupled microplasmas with liquids or polymeric films to nucleate nanoparticles from metal ions [4]. In this talk, I will discuss these topics in detail, highlighting the advantages of microplasma-based systems for the synthesis of well-defined nanomaterials. [1] W-H. Chiang and R. M. Sankaran, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 121503 (2007) [2] W-H. Chiang and R. M. Sankaran, Adv. Mater. 20, 4857 (2008) [3] W-H. Chiang and R. M. Sankaran, Nat. Mater. 8, 882 (2009) [4] C. Richmonds and R. M. Sankaran, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 131501 (2008)


Objective To explore the changes about the endemic fluorosis after improving the water quality at Yanchi area,and to provide scientific data for prevention and treatment for endemic fluorosis.Methods The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 8~12-year-old and adults over the age 16 were investigated,and fluoride in household drinking water that was improved and 8~12-year-old child's urine was determined.Results From 1991 to 2007,by improving water quality projects,the water fluoride qualified rate was 83.3% in 1991 and water fluoride qualified rate was 21.43% in 2003,2004.In three surveillance villages,the prevalence of dental fluorosis of 8~12-year-old and Geometric mean of urinary fluoride overall showed downward trend.The child dental fluorosis rate and the geometric mean urinary fluoride were higher than those of national standards in the most years.The positive rate of adult skeletal fluorosis clinical symptoms and X-ray detection showed increasing as the population's age rise.Some resident's drinking water fluoride content exceeded standards.Conclusion The changing and improving of water source is the best ways for prevention for endemic fluorosis at the water-endemic fluorosis areas.The key ways to reduce the incidence rate of fluorosis are to provide water with low fluoride stability and ensure the project to run well.


Although proton‐pump inhibitors are highly effective for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, there are issues with long‐term maintenance therapy: not all patients require full daily dose for maintenance treatment, some patients are reluctant to take long‐term daily medication, and long‐term PPI therapy is inadequate for some patients.


As a way of thinking of landscape design creation, landscape narrative treats and shapes the landscape from the angle of narrative, and pays attention to the meaning of landscape space. Landscape narrative digs the historical cultural connotation of landscape space and attract the users' participation and appreciation, think and remembrance, move and resonance. we would put forward the three levels of landscape narrative through the cases analysis: substantial narrative, textuary narrative and philosophical narrative.


The 1H NMR and MNDO/H calculation data combined indicate the uracil and thymine tautomeric transitions from the ground diketo tautomeric state to the high-energy keto-enol one stimulated by specific interaction with carboxylate ion in anhydrous DMSO, which is blocked by base methylation at the 1 or 3 positions.


This heating device comprises a housing (1) in which the vehicle engine cooling water circulates. A heating element (6, 7, 9) is connected to the onboard network (5) and transfers heat to the water by convection through the vessel wall. This heating element (6, 7, 9) is connected to regulating means (11, 15) which, based on a reference signal (Vcc) indicating a request for heating, send to the heating element (6, 7, 9) the power needed to meet this demand chauffage.Selon of the invention, the regulating means (11, 15) comprise a transition control unit (13) for, during transient intervals separating the instants of application two different values of the setpoint signal (Vcc), ensuring a gradual transition of the power applied to the heating element (6, 7, 9).


In the paper 'Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance' from Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 52, 2004, 589–602, equation 3 should read:


Wind electric power generation as the twenty-first century reproducible clean environmental protection sources of energy is regarded highly by governments of all countries in the world day by day, choosing the proper wind-driven generator sets, ensuring the power generation capacity and use ratio of the unit are the concerned problems of every wind electric field. The paper describes the characteristic of G52-850kW, G58-850kW and V52-850kW wind-driven generator sets, according to 2006 annual operation data of Helan Mountain wind power field, analyzes and compares the characteristic parameter, power generation capacity and use ratio of these sets, puts forward the optimizing project for choosing the type.


Growth performance and feed utilisation of including different levels of rice bran (RB) in broiler chicken rations was evaluated. A total of 384 unsexed day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks with average body weight of 41.86±1.26 g were randomly divided into 24 groups each with 16 chicks. Finally six dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of RB were randomly assigned to experimental chicks in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates both during the starters and finishing phases. The treatment rations were formulated based on the results of the laboratory chemical analytical data after chemical composition of samples of the major feed ingredients carried out. The experiment lasted for 56 days, during which feed intake and body weight changes were monitored. The amount of feed consumed determined as the difference between the feed offered and refused. Birds were weighed weekly in a group per pen. Body weight change was calculated as the difference between the final and initial BWs and the ADG was calculated as BW change divided by the number of experimental days. The FCR computed as the ratio of feed consumption and ADG. Mean daily feed consumption, growth performance, feed conversion ratio, rate of mortality, were used as the dietary treatment evaluation parameters. The results obtained indicated that the RB used in the current study contained 6.06, 14.09, and 2.6% of CP, CF, EE and ME of 2887 kcal/kg DM, respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between all the treatment groups in mean weekly feed consumption during5-8 and 0-8 weeks of the feeding trial. All the groups fed on the 0-20% of rice bran attained live body weight of 2.4-2.6 kg/head at the end of the 8 th week without showing significant difference (P>0.05) between each other's during the 5-8 and 0-8 weeks of feeding in rate of growth. However, the group placed on the treatment containing 25% of rice bran attained significantly lower live body weight of about 2.3kg/head on the 8 th week of the feeding trial. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.26 was calculated for the groups fed on the treatment containing 10% rice bran during the starter's period, indicating this group produced at cheaper rate compared to the others. On the contrary, FCR of 2.59 was calculated for the groups fed on 25% of rice bran during the starter's period, the value of which was found to be expensive in production compared to the others. There was no significant difference between all the treatment groups in percent mortality. Depending on the production parameters measured, rice bran can be included at up to 15-20% in starter and finisher broilers diet without detrimental effects on carcass parameters, total serum cholesterol, total serum proteins and sensory test. Moreover, inclusion of up to 20% rice bran in broilers ration appeared to reduce 11% of production cost compared to the groups fed on control diet.


In this paper, sub-VIs of LabVIEW used in curve fitting and their principles, particularly the Nonlinear Levernberg-Marquard Fit Theory, are introduced.


Quality-of-life assessment is a central concept in palliative care. Clinical interventions focused on assessing quality of life are complex interventions. Current research is insufficient to determine how to implement interventions focused on quality-of-life assessment in palliative care. To explore the different components of interventions focused on quality-of-life assessment in palliative care, a systematic review and 5 databases were searched. Publications included were analyzed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) Framework Programme 7 practical guidance on using patient-reported outcome measurements in palliative care and the Quality of Life Assessment Principles in Palliative Care. Interventions and their components were identified and discussed. Identifying problems and monitoring change or response to treatment, screening for hidden problems, and facilitating communication were the 3 different types of intervention identified. None of the interventions fulfilled all the 11 Quality of Life Assessment Principles in Palliative Care. Overall, 6 characteristics of the components were identified: the quality-of-life measure, educational training, completing the measure (patients or proxy), collecting quality-of-life data (baseline and further assessment), identifying a coordinator, and presenting quality-of-life data. Because of heterogeneity of interventions, it is not possible to recommend 1 preferred intervention.


The potential of a double pulse (DP) excitation scheme for in‐depth characterization of ceramic samples using laser induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) has been demonstrated. For this purpose, two Q‐switched Nd:YAG lasers in orthogonal configuration were employed, the first one to ablate the sample (1064 nm) and the second one (532 nm) to excite the ablated material. Light emission was collected by a spectrograph and detected by an intensified charge‐coupled device (CCD) detector. Optimal conditions such as relative laser beam positions, laser pulse energies, inter‐pulse separation and CCD delay time were studied. Depth profiles were evaluated on the basis of various elemental compositions in both layers of ceramic samples. The depth resolution with DP configuration was improved by almost twofold as compared to the single‐pulse approach. The reproducibility of the depth profiles is also twice better with double pulse LIBS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A new approach to underwater object identification is presented that aims to capitalize on structural acoustic features found in targets at low frequencies. In order to use these. features for identification purposes, multi-aspect scattering cross-sections must be extracted over a broad range of frequencies. In this paper, we describe a system created to do this. It employs new low frequency source technology based on CYMBAL arrays and an unconventionally large vertical receive array. Data are acquired in a coherent fashion and synthetic apertures are used to extract multi-aspect target scattering cross-sections.


Hopping transport by tunnel effect in a disordered solid often implies a wide spread of the hopping times. This is described here by an ultra-metric space in which the distance between two centres is defined as the longest hopping time on the shortest path between them. The authors derive numerically and analytically the mean and the second moment of the number of distinct sites visited as functions of time. These results are applied to the calculation of the decay of luminescence due to hopping and trapping in the much studied triplet state of isotopically mixed crystals of naphthalene. The numerical simulations are quite well described by the scaling theory of percolation.


........................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... v Vita ................................................................................................................................ vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xv List of Figures ............................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................6 2.1 The Water Footprint Concept .......................................................................6 2.1.1 Water Footprint Definition ...................................................................6 2.1.2 Linkages to Ecological, Energy and Carbon Footprint Methods ..........7 2.1.3 Calculating the Water Footprint............................................................9 126.96.36.199 National Footprint: Internal and External Water Footprint .....9 22.214.171.124 Water Footprint Within a Geographically Delineated Area .....11 2.1.4 Reducing Water Footprint.....................................................................12 2.1.5 Water Footprint Assessment Methodology and Data ...........................14 2.1.6 Linking the Footprint Concept to Input-Output Modeling ...................16 2.2 Virtual Water Trades and Input-Output Modeling .......................................17 2.2.1 Virtual Water Concept ..........................................................................17 2.2.2 Water Footprint in Existing Accounts and Reports ..............................19 2.2.3 Linking Water Footprint to the Input-Output Approach .......................20 2.3 Summary .......................................................................................................24


The article explores a part of platform imaginary that is dedicated to property rights. Specifically, it explicates a notion of ownership—called here bounded ownership—that brings benefits to owners through loosening restrictions on property use. Bounded ownership creates online spaces that are more inclusive and at the same time enables owners to govern them. To fully grasp bounded ownership, the article argues for maintaining the distinction between production and consumption and uses Zelizer's theory of exchange circuits. With this conceptual toolbox, the article traces the principles of bounded ownership in free and open-source software (FOSS), where they have been present for several decades. It is argued that in FOSS production and consumption constitute separate circuits where ownership is enacted differently. The article then draws a parallel between FOSS and more recent commercial online platforms. It argues that FOSS projects can be considered a layer in the platform ecosystem and at the same time highlights the differences in how bounded ownership is enacted in FOSS and other platforms. While online platforms have been successful in implementing bounded ownership in various sectors, they created deep dependencies on the part of users and content producers. The article concludes by discussing platform practices that retain the inclusiveness of bounded ownership while decreasing the dependency on platforms.


Attention Deficit Disorders in children is a problem that teachers face in classrooms universally, and it can be particularly challenging. Despite this, there is a great paucity of work either in evaluating the existing knowledge levels of the teachers of Primary schools concerning this neurobehavioral problem, or in formulating attempts to train them in classroom management. The aim of the present study is the development of an evaluation and Training Module for Teachers, comprising of a three-step ADD group training method, with evaluation included. The target group comprised of 30 primary school teachers representing various schools in D. K. District. Following a baseline evaluation, the group training was performed. The curriculum included ADD/ADHD theory, case study and discussions. The specific objectives of the 3 day activity were to: assess them on their knowledge of ADD on a pre evaluation Test, obtaining relevant socio-demographic details, and providing them with specific training, after which they were re-assessed. The experience showed that the training facilitates knowledge of this clinical condition. The age, sex, teaching experience, qualifications and the residential area, were not found to be associated with the knowledge levels of teachers. The inclusion of this time and cost effective module in awareness and management skill building of Primary teachers as part of their in- service training as well as the implications of a successful culture and context specific training programe for the inclusion of ADD children in the regular classroom is discussed.


This paper presents first a fuzzy agent-based approach for assisting collaborative design, and then, an analysis of behaviours of fuzzy agents evolving within a collaborative design platform. In a collaborative design platform, more effective design decisions can be made by fuzzy agents when fuzzy design information is considered in a fuzzy interaction based process and fuzzy evolving systems. The modelling of fuzzy agents, their fuzzy interactions, their fuzzy roles, and their fuzzy organization, are presented. During design process, fuzzy agents grouped in communities interact and play fuzzy roles for converging to solutions of design. A case study of product configuration illustrates the analysis of fuzzy agents' behaviour.


As the computer architecture technology evolves, communication protocols have been demanded not only having reliable security but also flexible functionality. Advanced cryptography has been expected as a new generation cryptography which suffices such the requirements. A pairing is one of the key technologies of the cryptography and the pairing has been known as having a substantial amount of construction parameters. Recently, the elliptic curve with embedding degree 14 is evaluated as one of the efficient curves for pairing. In the paper, we implement an optimal ate pairing on the elliptic curve by applying several variants of multiplication algorithms of extension field of degree 7 on multiple devices. The best multiplication algorithm among the candidates is derived. Besides, for efficient calculations, we propose a pseudo 7-sparse algorithm and a fast calculation method of final exponentiation. As a result, we discover the proper multiplication algorithm bases on the rate of addition and multiplications on several different computer platforms. Our proposed pseudo 7-sparse algorithm is approximately 1.54% faster than a regular algorithm on almost all tested platforms. Eventually, for the total execution time of pairing we record 9.33ms on Corei5-9500.


In this edition of his work, Professor Zander guides the reader through each argument for and against a Bill of Rights. The book provides an introduction to the constitutional, human rights and administrative issues at stake.


This research proposed to measure the influences of competence, independence, due professional care, and time budget toward audit quality, using Physical Condition As The Moderating Variables. It is quantitative research, by use spreading questionnaire to the auditor working at Surabaya Public Accounting Firm. From the questionnaire using purpose sampling method, revealed 15 respondents who working as an auditor. Including as partner, manager, supervisor, auditor (senior-junior). Data analysis was done by validity and reliability test, classic test assumption, and hypothesis testing with multiple regression analysis to test the moderating variable. The results show that competence, independence, due professional care, and time budget have a positive effect on audit quality. This study shows that psychiatric conditions moderate positively influence competence, independence and time budget on audit quality, but do not moderate in due professional care to audit quality because an auditor who already has work experience is not affected by personal behavior in the form of emotions or problems Experienced. In a depressed time and unbalanced condition between the physical and psychological of an auditor, it makes the auditor will think carefully and thoroughly in the audit, so that the audit will produce a quality.


Photonic cavities are an essential part of many modern optical devices, from laser pointers to microwave ovens. Just as we can store water in a tank and create standing waves on the surface of the water, we can confine light in a photonic resonator whose walls are strongly reflective. Just as water surface waves depend on the geometry of the tank (shape, depth), specific optical modes can be created in a photonic cavity whose properties (colour and spatial distribution of intensity) can be tuned by changing the dimensions of the cavity. When the size of the cavity is very small—much smaller than the wavelength of the light confining it (nano-cavity in the case of visible light)—an intensification effect of the light is produced that is so strong that it influences the electrons on the walls of the cavity. A mixture between photons and electrons is then produced, giving rise to hybrid modes between light and matter known as plasmons.


Studies focusing on national/global water scarcity require water availability and water use to quantify the imbalance. In this regard, annual irrigation withdrawal data reported by the USGS every 5 years provide a valuable information on the water use patterns over the United States. This study develops an empirical model to estimate annual irrigation water withdrawal using irrigated area, climate information, and population as predictors. Given the hierarchy in the data sources, we propose a predictive linear hierarchical regression model to develop annual irrigation water withdrawal models using varying intercepts (VI) and varying intercepts and slopes (VIS) approaches. Estimates from hierarchical models are compared with pooled and unpooled classical regression models. Overall, both hierarchical models outperform the classical models with the adjusted R2 between USGS‐reported and modeled withdrawal estimates being above 0.6 in most states using county and climate division level data. However, due to the spatial difference between the supply (rural areas) and demand (urban areas) for agriculture products, climate division level estimates exhibit a higher adjusted R2 than county level estimates. The VIS model is able to capture local effects better, particularly for states whose irrigation withdrawal patterns significantly differ from the national pattern. The performance of the models is also validated by leaving out the entire nation's water‐use data out (i.e., leave‐one‐out cross‐validation) to ensure the reported skill is not due to overfitting. Split‐sample validation in predicting 2010 irrigation withdrawal also shows the potential of the developed hierarchical model in estimating the annual irrigation withdrawals for the years with no data within the once in 5 year USGS database.


The establishing of"Digital Jiamusi" is Jiamusi's strategic plan for continual developing,as one part of "Digital China".Based on a large of research and the headway of"Digital Earth",this paper puts forward the general framework of "Digital Jiamusi",and gives its establishing plans.


Abstract : This report discusses technical progress made under the Tactical Environment Multiple Systems Evaluation Program (TEMSEP). The long and short range goals of the program are presented with particular emphasis on the topics of instrumentation in an ionizing radiation environment, basic phenomena associated with the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) generation within the nuclear source region, and laboratory simulation of the electromagnetic environment associated with the nearby (endoatmospheric) detonation of a nuclear weapon. Experiments used the AURORA Flash X-Ray Facility as a radiation source. Notable milestones accomplished were the experimental verification of the existence of the boundary layer phenomenon and verification of electromagnetic coupling models for simple structures.


The present invention relates to an emulsion which contains at least lupine protein and vegetable fat emulsified in water, and to a method for producing said emulsion. The emulsion is characterized in that the lupine protein has a mass fraction of < 3% in the emulsion. The rheological properties, color, and smell and taste of the emulsion are comparable to those of cow milk and can be processed to various neutral substitute dairy products.


Pneumonia is an inflammation or chronic infection of lung tissue caused by various microorganisms, including parasites, viruses, and bacteria, as well as physical damage to the lungs and exposure to chemicals. The method used to calculate predictions uses the CART (Classification and Regression Trees) algorithm. The model is then implemented into a website-based prediction system. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the CART algorithm to determine pneumonia and to determine the accuracy of the CART algorithm in predicting pneumonia. The average accuracy of the results of this study led to an accuracy value of 94%, r-square 87%, precision 95%, recall 94%, and f1 score 94% of the total dataset of 283. The results of this study get the best r-square on the 5th test with an accuracy of 85%.


Background: Although small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy initially, nearly all patients recur often with treatment-resistant disease. Comparing genomic profiles of paired treatment-naive and recurrent tumors to understand the clonal architecture and molecular evolution of SCLC under treatment may provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying recurrence and susceptibility to further treatment. Methods: Paired tumor samples procured at diagnosis and relapse were collected from 11 patients with limited-stage SCLC treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). All tissues underwent whole exome sequencing (WES). Genomic landscape including somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), and clonal architecture were compared between treatment-naive and paired recurrent tumor samples. Baseline and paired recurrent plasma samples from another 9 patients with SCLC treated with CCRT were performed deep sequencing using a targeted panel containing 1021 cancer related genes. Results: In both pre- and post-treatment tumors, TP53 (73% vs 73%), FAM135B (55% vs 64%), RB1 (45% vs 55%), and CTNND2 (45% vs 55%) were the top four most frequently mutated genes. Tobacco exposure related mutational signature was predominant in all samples. Compared with primary tumors, relapsed tumors showed significantly increased number of mutations (220 in recurrent SCLC vs 210 in primary tumor, Wilcoxon paired test, p-value = 0.016). Six of the 11 patients had increased chromosomal instability (CIS) in recurrent tumors. Relapsed tumors had more genes with copy number amplification compared to pre-treatment primary tumors although the difference did not reach statistical significance (18 vs 10, p-value = 0.066). In all of the patients, an average of 94% mutations at baseline were present in relapsed tumors. The number of clones in recurrent samples was higher than that in pre-treatment samples (13 vs 12, p-value = 0.004), indicating that new clones emerged under the treatment and tumor heterogeneity increased. A total of 648 acquired mutations in 600 genes and 140 acquired SCNAs in 123 genes were identified, in which 126 mutations were clonal (CCF>0.6) in relapsed tumors. These genes were enriched in PI3K-ATK signaling pathway and covered 91% (10/11) patients, implying the potential mechanism of chemoradiation resistance. Based on the specific mutations and mutations with increased CCF in relapsed plasma samples from the other 9 SCLCs, acquired alterations were also enriched in PI3K-ATK signaling pathway. Conclusions: Acquired mutations and chromosomal copy number gains may play a role in relapse of limited stage SCLC post CCRT. PI3K-ATK pathway alterations are frequent in recurrent SCLCs, which may be a candidate resistant mechanism after chemoradiation. Citation Format: Ying Jin, Yamei Chen, Xiao Hu, Huarong Tang, Qian Li, Pansong Li, Xinze Lv, Xuefeng Xia, Jianjun Zhang, Ming Chen. Whole exome sequencing reveals PI3K-ATK pathway alterations are frequent in relapsed small cell-lung cancer after chemoradiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1412.


Objective To investigate the mtDNA 1555G mutation in maternal inherited aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss pedigrees.Methods Clinical histories and blood samples were collected from 6 families with maternal inherited non-syndromic hearing impairment in Zunyi,Guizhou province.PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing were carried out to detect the mtDNA 1555G mutation.With the aid of the information extracted from control-region hypervariable segments I and II as well as necessary coding-region segments,phylogenetic status of all mtDNAs under study were categorized into various defined haplogroups.Results The mtDNA 1555G mutation was detected in 4 pedigrees,which were assigned into haplogroups A,D6,G and M,respetively.Conclusion The prevalence of aminoglycoside-induced deafness associated with the mtDNA 1555G mutation in Zunyi is comparatively high,and the pedigrees belong to diverse haplogroups.The testing can provide information for gene diagnosis and genetic counseling,and help improve the safety of aminoglycoside antibiotic therapy.


For gas turbine engines, safe life methodology has historically been used for fatigue life management of failure critical engine components. The objective of this study is to introduce the damage tolerant design concept instead of safe life methodology which has been used to apply the life management for aircraft engine component. Crack growth data were collected on a nickel base superalloy which have been subjected to combined static and cyclic loading at elevated temperatures. Stress analysis for turbine disk was carried out. The program for computing creep-fatigue crack growth was developed. We tried to estimate remaining life of turbine disk component under various temperature and conditions using creep-fatigue crack growth data. The largest stress was occurred in disk bore part. The magnitude and direction of the maximum stress were 937㎫ and in the hoop direction. Creep crack growth life in disk bore occupied approximately the half of the total crack growth life.


The photovoltaic industry is growing at a tremendous speed. And it can be one of the key factors for success in the photovoltaic business to choose a suitable system, and setting it up right so as to get a maximum efficiency of the site. Therefore, it is regarded to be necessary to research the efficiency of systems to catch maximum photovoltaic energy. In this research, the expected power generation efficiencies are analysed, and compared with each other. This research considered the direct sunlight only, and the angle between the direction of solar panel and sunlight as factors to affect the power generation. Therefore, only rough analyses and estimations are found on 3 systems of fixed system, double-axes tracking system, and horizontal tracking system.


The purpose of the study was to examine alternating motion rate and its variability in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) compared to typically developing children. Six children with CAS aged 9-12 years old and 10 children who were age-matched participated in the study. This study measu...


IOLOGISTS have long been fascinated by how cells target proteins to specific intraeellular compartments and maintain their localized distributions. The problem of how proteins are sorted to particular membranebound organelles has been the focus of considerable effort in the last decade. As a result, a good deal is known about protein sorting signals (48, 54), the protein machinery needed for budding and docking vesicles in the secretory pathway (48, 54), and the mechanisms for transporting vesicles along microtubules and actin filaments within the cytoplasm (55). In contrast to the relative wealth of information concerning the sorting of membrane proteins, very little is understood about how cytosolic proteins are partitioned within the cytoplasm. However, it has become increasingly clear that the transport of mRNAs, and not the translated proteins themselves, constitutes an important means of localizing cytosolic proteins (Table I). The first evidence for cytoplasmic RNA localization came from the finding that actin transcripts are unevenly distributed in the ascidian embryo (29). Shortly thereafter, several maternal mRNAs were identified in Xenopus (53) and Drosophila (17) that are localized during oogenesis. More recently, localized mRNAs have been discovered in somatic cells (Table I), making it clear that mRNA localization serves as a general mechanism for creating asymmetric distributions of proteins in the cytoplasm (discussed in several recent reviews; 42, 58, 62). While mRNA localization has been well documented in many systems, the mechanism that generates restricted RNA distributions is less well understood, mRNA could become locally trapped after diffusing randomly through the cytoplasm, or it could be actively transported along cytoskeletal elements to its target. These two possibilities can be best distinguished by directly visualizing the movements of mRNA within cells. By injecting fluorescenfly labeled mRNA encoding myelin basic protein into oligodendrocytes, Ainger et al. (1) report in this issue of the Journal of Cell Biology that mRNA forms "particles" that undergo unidirectional transport, similar to that described for motor-driven movements of membranous organelles (2, 69). These observations, as well as related work by other investigators, suggest that there is an ordered pathway (see Fig. 1) for mRNA localization consisting of: (a) formation of a RNP particle; (b) translocation of the particle to its destination; (c) anchoring of the particle to the cytoskeleton; and (d) translation of the localized


N ew terminology appears regularly in the high-tech arena, and wireless communications is no exception. One of the recent additions is PAN, or Personal Area Network. This note attempts to explain this term with the hope that it will see consistent and meaningful usage in business and technical dialogue. The most commonly-used terms for data communication networks are WAN (Wide Area Network) and LAN (Local Area Network), with WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) being a specific subset of LAN. Distance is the main difference—LAN is generally considered to be a distinct group, such as the offices of a small company, or a single building in a large company. WAN refers to a larger area of service, such as a corporate campus or a set of office buildings scattered around a community. In the wireless realm, WAN may mean a citywide or regional wireless network, usually in the context of a point-to-multipoint system, or perhaps a mesh or ad hoc network that extends the reach of 802.11 WLAN to a larger area. At present, PAN refers exclusively to wireless communications, both radio and optical, so it is best compared and contrasted to WLAN. WLAN has a range from zero to hundreds of feet in normal use, although longer range can be obtained when necessary. In terms of distance, PAN is usually considered to have a range in the tens of feet, with some references citing 10 meters (~33 feet) as the typical range for their specific PAN hardware. In general, WLAN can be defined as covering an entire house or a set of offices, but not necessarily the entire building. PAN is then a room-size network covering an individual's work area or a work group. Although there are exceptions, it is valid to divide WAN, LAN (and WLAN) and PAN by the data rate, or bandwidth. In general, a WAN is a maximum-rate system using Gigabit Ethernet or fiber optics for 1 to 40 Gbps transmission. LAN is then the common 10/100 Mbps Ethernet, and WLAN primarily the IEEE 802.11a/b/g system with 2 to 54 Mbps rates. Although PAN is less well-defined, it includes lower data systems like Bluetooth. However, the first consumer uses of Ultra Wideband (UWB) will have PAN-type range with very high data rates (e.g. sufficient for high-definition television). First, WAN is a regional backbone, part of a high-use network. LAN and WLAN are mainly used for file-sharing …


Recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data indicate that the percentage of adults who are obese continues to increase.1 The prevalence of obesity-related medical problems, including the obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), will surely continue to trend upward. A patient is said to have OHS when there is obesity (body mass index 30 kg/m) and hypoventilation (PaCO2 45 mm Hg) without any pulmonary, thoracic, or neuromuscular disorder that contributes to respiratory impairment. OHS is associated with a higher hospitalization rate and higher mortality than obesity without hypoventilation.2,3 An obese habitus results in increased O2 consumption and CO2 production. There is a steady decline in pulmonary function with increasing body mass index. Obesity is also associated with respiratory muscle dysfunction.4 These factors contribute to a reduced ventilatory response to hypercapnic challenge, even in those with simple obesity,5 defined as obesity without hypercapnia. In those with OHS the ventilatory response to hypercapnia is reduced further than in those with simple obesity. Airway-occlusion pressure 0.1 s after the start of inspiratory flow (P0.1) reflects ventilatory drive and is markedly reduced in OHS, versus simple obesity, in response to increasing PaCO2. 6 In patients with OHS, hypercapnia occurs despite the ability of most patients to voluntarily normalize their PaCO2. 7


In this paper, using Neighbourly Irregular Fuzzy Graph and Neighbourly Irregular Chemical Graph, we introduce Neighbourly Irregular Fuzzy Chemical Graphs(NIFCG). We also discuss about the Total Irregular value for Double Layered Neighbourly Irregular Fuzzy Chemical Graphs(NIFCG) using edge cut method.


This work offers a description of the various aspects of India as seen through the eyes of a British official. It is a very informative and comprehensive volume that notices each aspect under a separate chapter. The 19 chapters describe the monsoon, land of India, the people, the history, religions, domestic life, Hill people, Agriculture and irrigation, famines, manufacturers and commerce, government, tax and revenue, the police and courts, and education. The book was first published in 1910.


[1] Magnetically active times, e.g., Kp > 5, are notoriously difficult to predict, precisely the times when such predictions are crucial to the space weather users. Taking advantage of the routinely available solar wind measurements at Langrangian point (L1) and nowcast Kps, Kp forecast models based on neural networks were developed with the focus on improving the forecast for active times. To satisfy different needs and operational constraints, three models were developed: (1) a model that inputs nowcast Kp and solar wind parameters and predicts Kp 1 hour ahead; (2) a model with the same input as model 1 and predicts Kp 4 hour ahead; and (3) a model that inputs only solar wind parameters and predicts Kp 1 hour ahead (the exact prediction lead time depends on the solar wind speed and the location of the solar wind monitor). Extensive evaluations of these models and other major operational Kp forecast models show that while the new models can predict Kps more accurately for all activities, the most dramatic improvements occur for moderate and active times. Information dynamics analysis of Kp suggests that geospace is more dominated by internal dynamics near solar minimum than near solar maximum, when it is more directly driven by external inputs, namely solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF).


AbstractThe construction industry has been facing a paradigm shift to integrate new construction requirements, most notably the development of advanced technologies, such as environmental management, information technology, and building information modeling. Timely curriculum reform is therefore necessary for construction education to adapt quickly to the paradigm shift. The aim of this paper is to investigate the gaps between educational attainment and job requirements in the Australian construction industry, based on which further curriculum reform can be conducted. A survey is administered to 252 construction graduates. The results suggest that the most significant gaps are related to technical skills for construction and problem-solving skills. The gaps can be categorized into eight groups based on an exploratory factor analysis. The eight groups are construction technology, information technology, problem-solving skills, construction economics, risk management, basic theories, business management, an...