Spearheaded by Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753, English marriage reform of the mid eighteenth century changed both the concept and practice of marriage. Indeed, it enabled marriage to become a pivot for new relations between government and the lives of citizens. This transformation was achieved not through sweeping legislative reform, nor by a usurpation of the church's traditional role in the formalization of weddings, but by a redefinition of the English marriage rite. The Marriage Act determined rules for the time, place, and registration of legal weddings, decreeing that the only valid form of English marriage was one "performed by an ordained priest according to the Anglican Liturgy in . . . the Established Church after thrice called banns or the purchase of a license from the bishop." In doing so it terminated an older, ecclesiastical marriage code for which marriage had been, in essence, an exchange of vows performed before two witnesses. This shift from marriage loosely defined as a speech act to marriage defined and regulated through strict ceremonial requirements and bureaucratic procedures hardened the boundaries between legitimate and illegitimate marriages and narrowed the forms and social meanings of marriage per se. Whereas the nuptial practices of the aristocracy, rural workers, and urban wage earners, for instance, had varied widely


In a spin-exchange source a large number of hydrogen atoms can be electron spin polarized through spin-exchange collisions with optically pumped alkali atoms. It has been predicted that in spite of a high external magnetic field, which is necessary for an efficient optical pumping, polarization can be transferred to the nuclei by frequent spin-exchange collisions. We have designed and built such a source and have experimentally demonstrated that for the chosen geometry the hydrogen atoms are in spin temperature equilibrium so that the nuclear polarization equals the electron polarization. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Quaternization of poly-N-vinylimidazole partly complexed with [Os(4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyridine) 2 Cl] +/2+ produced, after cross-linking with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, a redox hydrogel with a redox potential of 0.38 V vs Ag/AgCl and an apparent electron diffusion coefficient of 1.5 × 10 ―7 cm 2 s ―1 at 37.5°C. Electrostatic binding and cross-linking with bilirubin oxidase from Trachyderma tsunodae provided a mechanically robust O 2 -electroreduction catalyst withstanding a shear stress of 2 × 10 ―2 N m ―2 associated with the rotation of a 3.6 mm radius electrode at 500 rpm. Unlike other catalysts made with osmium complexes, comprising in their inner coordination sphere imidazole-exchangeable chloride, it did not appreciably deteriorate by cross-linking through ligand exchange, leading to dehydration. The threshold potential of O 2 -electroreduction at pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, and 37.5°C was near that calculated for the reversible O 2 /H 2 O half-cell. The O 2 -electroreduction current reached half of its maximum at +0.44 V vs Ag/AgCl, 60 mV more positive than the potential for bilirubin oxidase wired with PAA-PVI-[Os(diCl-bpy) 2 Cl] +/2+ (PAA = polyacrylamide, PVI = poly-N-vinylimidazole).


A model of group selection is constructed for the case of differential extinction acting on small boundary populations of a large, fixed population. Consideration is restricted toextinction operators acting at ornear to carrying capacity. Under the assumption that the extinction rate is large relative to individual genetic parameters affecting gene frequencies in boundary populations, we discuss the conditions under which differential extinction is most likely to produce a significant effect. In particular, a condition for bimodality in the distribution of gene frequencies in boundary populations (population polymorphism) is that there be some critical allele frequency at which the extinction rate jumps from high to low. An extinction operator linear in allele frequency produces no qualitative effect of this kind. In consequence, we are able to make precise rather limited circumstances under which group selection is likely to have a significant effect. In a recent paper, Levins (1) has tried to analyze mathematically the effects of group selection acting via differential extinction. Unfortunately, the credibility of his results is greatly reduced by an invalid stability criterion, which assumes that finite-dimensional stability theory can be automatically extended to an infinite-dimensional moment space, and by absence of a well-founded derivation of the fundamental Fokker-Planck equation. The present paper communicates the main implications of a different but similar model that is analytically quite tractable and also substantively realistic for a range of conditions under which group selection may be likely to have a significant effect; derivations and simulation results will be published in detail elsewhere. We focus on the effects of group selection along the boundary of a large "mainland" population, whose genetic characteristics remain fixed in the time period under consideration. Along the boundary, this large population is assumed to break up into a large number of small micropopulations. As in the case of Levins' model (1), differential extinction acts on these micropopulations as a function of micropopulation gene frequency. Making explicit an additional assumption of Levins, we restrict attention to extinction operators that act at or near to carrying capacity, as distinct from those that might act in the propagule stage (this distinction is a kind of group analog to the standard distinction between rand K-selection). Substantively, focus on extinction acting only at carrying capacity corresponds closely to the classical Wynne-Edwards (2) type of postulated group selection, in which extinction occurs because of a breakdown of dispersal mechanisms and [ Order of authorship is alphabetical. consequent increase in population beyond the limits of food supply. For simplicity (though not by necessity), we develop the formal treatment in terms of a single biallelic locus. Differential extinction is assumed to favor one allele at this locus. In formal terms, we assume that the extinction operator E(x) as a function of x (the frequency of the given allele in a particular boundary inicropopulation) is monotone decreasing; again, this corresponds to the treatment by Levins (1). This differential extinction favoring one allele along the boundary is then opposed to mendelian selection favoring the opposite allele. Without essential loss, we can assume in a first model that the action of individual selection affects only the equilibrium allele frequency in the mainland population. Indirectly, then, this selection pressure will affect the boundary populations because of gene exchange between each boundary population and the mainland. The result is that we do not need to concern ourselves with essentially irrelevant specification of a particular form of genetic control at the locus in question (mendelian dominance, additive fitness, heterozygote superiority, etc.). Hence, in this first approximation we have only forces of extinction, migration, and drift acting on each boundary population. Under these conditions, we proceed by a modification of the method of diffusion equations (3) to set up a model of the distribution of gene frequencies within micropopulations along the boundary. Actually, we use a diffusion-equation approach in name only; the approximation we actually use trivializes our diffusion equation, and reduces it to an ordinary differenential equation (see Eqs. 1 and 2 below). Specifically, consider a cohort of boundary populations starting at carrying capacity at time t = 0. The assumption that the populations are at carrying capacity means that we can neglect the effects of population fluctuation, and hence can formalize drift effects by methods standard in population genetics. Let x be the frequency of the allele favored by group selection. Each boundary population has a gene frequency distribution evolving through time, and governed by the following partial differential equation: a; (x,t) = -E(x)Vb(x,t) + (62 [Vs'(xt)I [MaX41(.Xtt] [1] where 41(x,t) is the joint distribution that a population will exist and have allele frequency x at time t. Eventually, of


The key problem of least squares collocation(LSC) is to ascertain experience covariance function. The authors analyzed the influence of the parameter on the result and accuracy, and gave a example. On the basis of analysis and practice, a new proposal for determining the parameter is put forward.


Why Use a Gopher Server Currently, gopher clients are widely distributed across the internet community and are available for most types of computer hardware and operating systems. Most gopher client and gopher server software does not require high level computers on which to run, unlike other internet tools such as Mosaic. Gopher clients, as a rule, are easy to use. They provide a common interface to many different types of resources. The Gopher protocol provides the capability to perform searches on databases and files. Currently, this is mostly primitive string or character-by-character searches. Gopher servers have the ability to link or point to other Gopher servers. This linking ability makes it relatively easy to create subject oriented gopher servers. Gopher Servers as a Point of Access


The City of Freiburg has quite successfully promoted the environment-friendly modes of transportation. By means of a consistent transportation policy and the establishment of attractive alternatives to motorized vehicle traffic, the City of Freiburg sets on the voluntary change of the road users. Some examples of the strategy and co-operation between administration and politics in the field of transportation policy show Freiburg's integrated approach to achieve this goal


While scientific studies vary in conclusions about hypnotism's effectiveness for weight loss, individual reports from patients and doctors suggest that when other methods have failed, hypnosis may be something for people to consider


In this up-to-date edition of his highly informative textbook, Adrian Scott reveals just how much forensic psychology can tell us - not only about offenders and their crimes, but also about the different stages of the criminal justice system.

Covering social, psychological, biological and cognitive theories of crime, as well as research and theory relating to the investigative process, the courtroom and the penal system, this book provides in-depth coverage of the major areas within forensic psychology. It is essential reading for curious students seeking an engaging and accessible introduction to this fascinating topic.


A mobile station transmits sub-packets at a specified transmission rate or an autonomous transmission rate based on a PERSISTENCE bit. The mobile station increments, decrements, or does not change the transmission rate when the PERSISTENCE bit is a second logic state and a rate control bit (RCB) value is a first, a second, or a third value. Another embodiment of the present invention includes an ALL ACID IND bit that instructs the mobile station to adjust the specified transmission rate for either a single H-ARQ channel or for all H-ARQ channels. In an alternate embodiment, the mobile station uses the RCB in conjunction with a NAK to adjust a transmission-to-pilot ratio. After the NAK, the mobile station monitors the RCB value to increase the transmission rate, decrease the transmission rate, or not to change the transmission rate of subsequent sub-packets of the same data packet.


The invention discloses a front structure of an orange type juice extractor. The juice extractor comprises an upper structural slab and a lower structural slab, the upper structural slab is connected with the lower structural slab through connecting rods, a squeezing system is arranged between the upper structural slab and the lower structural slab, the upper structural slab is provided with a secondary fixing frame, the front centre of the upper structural slab is provided with a fruit cutting device, the fruit cutting device is engaged with a gear at the top of the squeezing system through a connecting gear. The front structure of the orange type juice extractor disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and convenient for operation, the juice yield of the juice extractor is improved through the eccentric identical rotation and extrusion of an outer squeezing bucket and an inner squeezing bucket in the squeezing system on the premise that the self weight is not obviously increased; and meanwhile the fruit residues after juice extraction can be simply and conveniently discharged from the juice extractor, and the production cost of the juice extractor is greatly reduced.


This thesis gives a detailed introduction to the JTAPI composition and operation method and demonstrates the advantages of JTAPI on realizing voice transmission in commanding autoimmunization network. At last it illustrates program methods on voice transmission in commanding autoimmunization network.


The sensor virus is a serious threat, as an attacker can simply send a single packet to compromise the entire sensor network. Epidemics become drastic with link additions among sensors when the small world phenomena occur. Two immunization strategies, uniform immunization and temporary immunization, are conducted on small worlds of tree-based wireless sensor networks to combat the sensor viruses. With the former strategy, the infection extends exponentially, although the immunization effectively reduces the contagion speed. With the latter strategy, recurrent contagion oscillations occur in the small world when the spatial-temporal dynamics of the epidemic are considered. The oscillations come from the small-world structure and the temporary immunization. Mathematical analyses on the small world of the Cayley tree are presented to reveal the epidemic dynamics with the two immunization strategies.


The present Business Plan, contains an investigation carried out for the creation of a
Resort in Cojimies, canton Pedernales-Manabi for its excellent tourist potential and places
recognized for their beauty and tranquility, proper for a happy holiday. Responds to the
scientific problem, the development of an academically conducted business plan will guide
the creation of the Coco Beach Resort that satisfies the multiple needs of the tourist that
requires this service. The General Objective that it pursues is: to design a dynamic and
strategic business plan, for the creation of the Resort that allows the satisfaction of the needs
of the tourists with the determination of the financial feasibility of the investment. The
methodological reference used corresponds to a scientific study with the application of the
mixed model and approach whose level of applied research is descriptive with the
completion of a survey that becomes the justification when it is processed; inasmuch as it
will attract a greater number of tourists, especially from the province of Pichincha in the city
of Quito because of the proximity of this beach community, it also aims to motivate foreign
tourists by offering an accommodation service with everything included in comfortable
facilities , attractive and that meet all the desired expectations. For this project, there is a
NPV of USD 73.260.05 and a TIR of 17%. By the analyzed indicators it can be concluded
that the project is profitable and therefore its feasibility for creation is accepted. It is
considered for the study that the financing is 100% bank for the installation and start-up of
the company, investing all the capital in year zero and paying in annuities the first 5 years
the value of the loan corresponding to 475,640.00 USD approximately. The period of
recovery of money is given from the fourth year in which you start to see the generated
earnings. The first three years correspond to a limited period of time.
KEYWORDS: Business plan, resort, Cojimies, Coco Beach, Accommodation


ABSTRACT A computer model has been developed to select the major components of a continuous flow, four-pass, commercial scale rice drying facility and to analyze the cost of the facility over its estimated useful life. The program was used to analyze a facility with four possible design layouts and various grain bin diameters, and rank all of the possible combinations by net present cost. The results showed no correlation between the bin diameter and net present cost of a facility for any of the layouts studied. This indicated a need to analyze every combination of layout and bin diameter. This model has the potential to be used as a tool for facility design and analysis after it has been expanded to include more detailed input parameters and analysis routines.


This report mainly describe about the development process of CareU application system. This system provides functions that can help the working parents to monitor their children on anytime anywhere. The new technologies has been embedded to the system such as pulse sensor chip and Global System for Mobile Service (GSM). The functionality of this development not only can monitor the movement of their children, besides it also can check the health condition of their children on time. This majorly helpful to the healthcare society as well. This system is developed using the prototype approach. This report consists of seven main chapters, which are introduction, literature review and methodology, analysis, design, implementation, testing and project conclusion respectively. As a conclusion, CareU aims to change the human lifestyle from the view of healthcare to be more useful in healthcare requirements.


Although most students agree that mathematics is important and useful, many
capable students choose not to pursue study of Mathematics when they have the
choice. In this paper we describe a project-based learning approach to mathematics
adopted in a Year 9–12 school in which none of the teachers were mathematics
specialists. Data about students' views of mathematics and their perceptions of
mathematics learning approaches in their current school are presented. The results
highlight the negativity towards mathematics that these students felt and the huge
task faced by their teachers in attempting re-engage them with learning in the area.


The technology of SAR image ship target detection and identification is pivotal for accurately guiding weapon to discover the specific target and locking it. Based on extensive research literature, classical processes of ship target detection and recognition in SAR images are summarized and reviewed, the research progress of each link included. And the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods are analyzed. Finally, some specific problems encountered in the research are put forward, and the main direction of future development is looked forward, referring the current research results.


We show that for an observer in translational, rotational or gravitational motion, a linearly polarized plane wave has two modes of propagation in a stationary, homogeneous and isotropic medium according to Hertz's version of Maxwell's theory. The first mode is characterized by polarization at right angles to the direction of propagation and has a phase velocity that is controlled by the material constants of the medium. The second mode is characterized by polarization along the propagation direction and has a phase velocity that is controlled by the motion of the observer. We outline some applications of the second mode in emerging technologies.


1. A case is described of bilateral congenital contracture of the ilio-tibial bands in a healthy girl of ten months. 2. With the hips extended each lower limb was held in about 25 degrees of fixed abduction. 3. Division of the ilio-tibial bands abolished the abduction contractures.


Graft copolymers of starch are a new kind of functional material.Graft copolymers of acrylamide and starch have been synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization using mechanically-activated maize starch and acrylamide as raw materials. The crude graft copolymer was treated for 8 hours by Soxhlet extraction with a 60∶40(by vol.) mixture of ethylene glycol and acetic acid,which resulted in complete removal of the homopolymer.Samples produced using starch mechanically activated for 30 min and 60 min are denoted M30-St-g-PAM and M60-St-g-PAM.respectively.The structures of M30-St-g-PAM and M60-St-g-PAM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and compared with a graft copolymer of acrylamide with non-pretreated starch(St-g-PAM).The results showed that polyacrylamide(PAM) was successfully grafted onto the mechanically-activated starch.M30-St-g-PAM and M60-St-g-PAM were found to have a porous mesh-like structure with the graft-copolymerization reaction occurring at both crystalline regions and loose amorphous regions of the starch particles.Mechanical activation was found to enhance the reactivity of the starch.Grafting of acrylamide led to a change in the state of the raw starch from semicrystalline to amorphous.The thermal stabilities of M30-St-g-PAM and M60-St-g-PAM were higher than that of St-g-PAM.The graft-copolymerization reaction for M60-St-g-PAM was uneven and the thermal stability was lower than that of M30-St-g-PAM.


The demand for dielectric materials has increased rapidly since the energy storage systems have an important place in many areas such as medical, defense, military, telecommunication and aerospace applications. The interaction of the electromagnetic waves with matter provides valuable information about the stored energy by material. Hence, the capacitor as an example of energy applications, which owes its energy storage capability to the internal dielectric material, is designed by using Ansys Maxwell software program to indicate the dependence of the capacitance on the dielectric constant and different design. The relationship between energy storage capacity and different design is shown by using different structures which are parallel plate and multi layered models. Furthermore, a new model has been designed and analyzed to increase the performance of capacitance value of capacitor. It is aimed to increase the interaction between surface area of dielectric material and conductive pipes/wires with this operation.


Long Description Announcing an all-new SELF-PACED TRAINING KIT designed to help maximize your performance on 70-432, the required exam for the new Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) certification for SQL Server 2008 Implementation and Maintenance. This 2-in-1 kit includes the official Microsoft study guide, plus practice tests on CD to help you assess your skills. It comes packed with the tools and features exam candidates want most including in-depth, self-paced training based on final exam content; rigorous, objective-by-objective review; exam tips from expert, exam-certified authors; and customizable testing options. It also provides real-world scenarios, case study examples, and troubleshooting labs for the skills and expertise you can apply to the job. Focusing on implementing and maintaining a SQL Server 2008 database, this official study guide covers installing and configuring SQL Server 2008; managing SQL Server Agent jobs, alerts, and operators; implementing security features; backing up and restoring databases; monitoring and troubleshooting SQL Server; optimizing performance using the Resource Governor and Database Engine Tuning Advisor; and implementing high availability. Work at your own pace through the lessons and lab exercises. Then assess yourself using 300+ practice and review questions on the CD, featuring multiple, customizable testing options to meet your specific needs. Choose timed or untimed testing mode, generate random tests, or focus on discrete objectives. You get detailed explanations for right and wrong answers including pointers back to the book for further study. You also get an evaluation version of SQL Server 2008 software and an exam discount voucher making this kit an exceptional value and a great career investment.


Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion may be associated with migration into the abdominal wall, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, vagina, scrotum, and mediastinum. Migration of the VP shunt into the scrotum has been rarely reported. We present a 1 year old boy with cerebrospinal fluid hydrocele due to the migration of a VP shunt catheter into the right side scrotum.


long term care decisions ethical and conceptual dimensions is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the long term care decisions ethical and conceptual dimensions is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Peptide amphiphiles and related compositions comprising sulfated polysaccharides, such as but not limited to sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and methods of use relating to the encapsulation and/or controlled release of angiogenic growth factor(s).


This paper presents the details of an investigation on the shear behaviour of a recently developed, cold-formed steel beam known as LiteSteel Beam (LSB).The LSB section has a unique shape of a channel beam with two rectangular hollow flanges and is produced by a patented manufacturing process involving simultaneous cold-forming and dual electric resistance welding. In the present investigation, a series of numerical analyses based on three-dimensional finite element modeling and an experimental study were carried out to investigate the shear behaviour of 10 different LSB sections. It was found that the current design rules in cold-formed steel structures design codes are very conservative for the shear design of LiteSteel beams. Significant improvements to web shear buckling occurred due to the presence of rectangular hollow flanges while considerable post-buckling strength was also observed. Therefore the design rules were further modified to include the available post-buckling strength. Suitable design rules were also developed under the direct strength method format. This paper presents the details of this investigation and the results including the final design rules for the shear capacity of LSBs. It also presents new shear strength formulae for lipped channel beams based on the current design equations for shear strength given in AISI (2007) using the same approach used for LSBs.


The number unemployment of productive working age from Vocational High Schools (SMK) is in the top rank of 9.27% of 131.55 million people in the workforce. This happens because learning process focuses on teaching hard skills and ignores soft skills so that it causes the low absorption of graduates in the world of work. At the moment the quality of the learning assessment instrument in Vocational Schools is still considered to be invalid so that it has not been able to evaluate aspects that are evaluated in full in relation to soft skills. This study aims to develop 4C assessment instruments in productive learning of graphic design. Research and Development methods are applied in this research to produce assessment products in the form of tests and non-tests. This research produces an assessment instrument in the form of a test used to measure the cognitive domain (knowledge) while the non-test / performance (performance test) is used to measure the affective domain (attitude) and psychomotor (skills). The instrument has: (1) A validity level of 95%; (2) Effectiveness 81%; (3) Consistency level of 0.62; and (4) Reliability Level 0.875. This assessment instrument can be used by teachers in productive learning graphic design so that it can help in the assessment process.


We study electron-positron pair creation by a strong and slowly varying electric field, assisted by a weaker and more rapidly changing field (e.g., in the keV regime) plus an additional high-energy (say MeV) photon. It turns out that this combination can yield a pair creation probability which is exponentially larger than in the case where one (or more) of the three ingredients is missing. Apart from a deeper understanding of these nonperturbative phenomena, this double enhancement may pave the way for an experimental verification of this fundamental prediction.


FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention discloses compositions with sustained-release of active component and masking taste that comprise one of more active components included in tricomponent matrix structure as a globule. This structure is formed successively by amphiphilic, lipophilic or inert matrices and included as globule or dispersed in hydrophilic matrix. Applying large amount of systems for regulation of dissolving active component provides modulating the dissolving rate of active component in aqueous and/or biological fluids by regulating thus kinetics in releasing active component in digestive tract. EFFECT: valuable pharmaceutical properties of compositions. 14 cl, 14 ex


Higher education institutional assessment policy is dominated by summative assessment regulation, with little emphasis on the role of formative assessment to improve student learning. Yet the challenge for academics is to integrate more formative assessment practice into what many see as already overloaded curricula. It is questionable whether recent considerations of theoretical framings of formative assessment have helped the situation or whether they have instead muddied it further in relation to understanding the best ways to approach a practice that promotes students' learning. This article reports the findings of a qualitative study which explored the perceptions and opinions concerning formative assessment practice of a group of academics at a British post-92 university. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to gather data from a group of nine academics. The resulting thematic analysis revealed three themes: conceptions of formative assessment; making learning happen through assessment; and the challenge of engaging students. The findings highlight constraints of time and differing opinions of formative assessment practice. Communities of practice, activity theory and the role of signature pedagogies are reflected upon, and consideration is thus given to what it is that influences an academic's choice of formative assessment practices.


A novel method called "Imaging In Flow" or better "Flow Cytometric Imaging" has the potential to combine the conveniences of microscopy and flow cytometry for particle identification within a single instrumental set-up. This is achieved by taking cell images directly from the transducer of a flow cytometer. The link between the two analysis techniques results in a variety of principal difficulties whose solution will are addressed. This concerns the hydrodynamic positioning of the particles to be imaged, the design of the illumination and imaging optics and the procedure of asynchronous image recording with cameras customary in trade. The actual performance of flow cytometric imaging concerning image quality and system stability will be demonstrated by presentation of pictures of algae grown in cultures.<<ETX>>


Abstract Aphids of the tribe Pemphigini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae) can induce pseudo‐galls or galls on their primary host plants. Those belonging to subtribe Prociphilina often produce pseudo‐galls, and those of the other subtribe, Pemphigina, can form not only pseudo‐galls but also true galls. Pseudo‐galls are all formed on the leaves, whereas true galls, although all similar in shape, can be located on the joint of the leaf blade and the petiole, the middle of the petiole and the branches of the host plant. From a first phylogenetic analysis of Pemphigini based on nuclear elongation factor‐1α (EF‐1α) sequences, no support was found for the monophyly of Pemphigini, but subtribe Pemphigina was monophyletic with robust support. Formosaphis obviously clusters with Pemphigina which has Populus as a primary host. Formosaphis belongs to Pemphigini and its unknown primary host is probably Populus. The evolution of galls in Pemphigina is discussed based on the phylogenetic tree drawn from EF‐1α sequences and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. The results suggest that, in this subtribe, the closed gall is preceded by an open pseudo‐gall, and the galls move their locations from the joint of the leaf blade and the petiole to the middle of the petiole and, eventually, to the branch of the host plant. Such an evolutionary tendency may provide aphids with more protection and nutrition.


The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure and death that is characterized by severe and persistent inflammation in the lung as well as systemically [1]. Mechanical ventilation with lung protective strategies decreases inflammation and improves survival [2, 3], but additional approaches are needed for optimal modification of the inflammatory process in ARDS. To that end, the potential utility of corticosteroids (CS) has been an active and controversial area of research for several decades. Early studies employing high dose CS demonstrated no significant benefit and possible harm [4, 5], while more recent controlled trials using prolonged, lower dose CS have yielded variable results on mortality and secondary outcomes [6, 7]. While some meta-analyses suggest an improvement in ARDS mortality and ventilator-free days with prolonged low dose therapy [8, 9], not all recent data have been positive. A cohort analysis of 208 patients with ARDS secondary to influenza A/H1N1 infection revealed that those treated with CS had higher rates of death, secondary infection, and ventilator duration [10]. Given the heterogeneous nature of ARDS and the pleiotropic effects of corticosteroids, it is not surprising that variable results have been observed in clinical trials. Thus, the optimal timing, duration, dose and discontinuation strategy of CS, as well as the appropriate selection of patients most likely to benefit, all remain incompletely defined.

In the current issue of Critical Care Medicine, Karnatovskaia and colleagues [11] address another aspect of clinical uncertainty pertaining to this topic: does prior CS use by those at risk for ARDS alter the clinical course? Several preventative trials in the 1980s employed high dose steroids in already hospitalized patients in an attempt to prevent or ameliorate ARDS [5, 12, 13]. A meta-analysis of these trials suggests increased risk of ARDS development and death in the CS treated patients [8]. In an observational cohort study of 688 ICU patients from a single center, prior CS use in a small subset of these patients did not alter risk for development of ARDS on multivariate analysis but was a significant predictor for increased mortality in those who did develop ARDS [14]. However, no definitive trial exists concerning the effects of prior CS use on ARDS risk and outcomes, and with the paucity of data in this area, equipoise remains.

The current study by Karnatovskaia and colleagues [11] investigates these questions through a pre-planned retrospective subgroup analysis of a prospectively identified cohort collected to determine the frequency and outcome of ARDS development in at risk patients and to validate the Lung Injury Prediction Score (LIPS) [15]. The original study enrolled 5584 hospitalized patients with risk factors for ARDS. Of these, 495 receiving inhaled corticosteroids at the time of enrollment (either alone or concomitantly with systemic CS) were excluded from further analysis, leaving 364 on systemic CS alone for comparison with 4725 patients not receiving any CS [11]. The authors hypothesized that pre-hospital CS therapy would have a protective effect on ARDS risk and outcomes given the beneficial effects of CS treatment in some previous trials [8, 9]. However, the incidence of ARDS was no different between those receiving pre-hospital systemic CS and those who did not (7.7% and 6.9%, respectively) [11]. To strengthen their analysis, the authors then performed propensity scoring to identify a subset of patients most closely matched for all available covariates except for CS therapy. 354 patients who received pre-hospital systemic CS were matched to 1093 that did not. After this adjustment, there were no significant differences in the risk of ARDS, invasive ventilation, or in-hospital mortality between the two groups. The authors conclude that prior systemic CS use did not affect risk for ARDS or its clinical course after development of the syndrome.

Interpretation of the clinical relevance of this study must begin with a review of its limitations. Although the subgroup analysis was pre-planned and involved a prospectively identified cohort, it does not rise to the level of evidence provided by a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled trial. The propensity score matching strengthens the analysis but cannot control for all potential confounders. Another significant limitation is that the data collected do not provide any details concerning the specific medication, dose, or duration of systemic CS therapy being taken by patients prior to hospitalization. Patients were categorized as receiving CS based upon a review of the medical record at hospital admission. Pre-hospital compliance with the prescribed medication also was not determined. As a result, there likely existed a great deal of therapeutic heterogeneity within the systemic CS group, which serves to weaken the conclusions that can be drawn from these results. For example, is there any association between systemic CS dose and ARDS risk? Is there a difference in ARDS risk between patients chronically using CS and those receiving a brief steroid taper? Does the use of inhaled CS (these patients were excluded from analysis) affect ARDS incidence or outcomes? These questions cannot be answered by the current study.

Despite these limitations, Karnatovskaia and colleagues have advanced the debate about the role of CS in ARDS by providing the first study specifically focused upon the effects of pre-hospital CS on ARDS risk and outcomes. Their data suggest that outpatient CS therapy does not alter the natural clinical course in patients at risk for the development of ARDS. However, given the multiple beneficial effects of CS on ARDS pathophysiology and the positive results in some clinical trials of low dose CS early in ARDS, there remains some uncertainty about the potential use of CS as a prophylactic agent in high risk patients. The recently announced NHLBI Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) Clinical Trials Network is one potential avenue for providing the randomized control trial needed to determine which at risk patients, if any, may benefit from CS therapy. Until such data are available, the debate is likely to continue.


The present invention includes bis and tris benzamide compound having a cut-off to and anticancer activity AR signaling. The use of these compounds, and also pharmaceutical compositions containing them provided.


The purpose of this research is to focus sound into an arbitrary point, so that only a specific person can hear the information. We propose a new sound focusing method that uses a parametric effect by 2 kinds of ultrasonic speakers. From one speaker, ultrasonics are transmitted as carriers. From the other speaker, ultrasonics including audible sound by balanced modulation are transmitted. In the area where the 2 kinds of signal intersect, the ultrasonics are modulated like amplitude modulation by a beat signal. Also, by the parametric effect, audible sound is demodulated in air. So, only the person who stands around the intersection point can hear the sound. In this paper, we discuss the principle of the proposed method and experimental results.


We describe a 27-week fetus with occipitoschisis, polydactyly, campomelia, cleft palate, laryngeal dysplasia, ocular colobomata, hepatic fibrosis and intrahepatic cyst, ambiguous genitalia, cystic dysplastic kidneys, and brain malformation. This pattern of abnormalities appears unique. The differential diagnosis is discussed. The parents are first cousins, making autosomal recessive inheritance likely.


Frequency conversion and speed governor has gradually focused people's attention upon it for its good property,but the voltage and frequency conversion is the best system in efficiency and property in the system of frequency conversion and speed governor,too. This paper simply introduces the working principle of the device of the voltage and frequency conversion of the Sine Pulse Width Modulation in the system of frequency conversion and speed governor and the generation of the wave of the pulse width modulation of the sine wave.


Post-secondary students are increasingly receiving instruction by eLearning. Many or these are part-time students or are working while taking classes. In such circumstances, students may find themselves short of time to study. One mechanism that can be exploited to make the best use of available time is ubiquitous eLearning. Ubiquitous eLearning can take place at any place, at any time and is enabled by mobile computing devices such as laptops, tablets, and especially smart phones. In this poster paper, we present our initial thoughts on how sensor-filled mobile computing devices will enable ubiquitous eLearning. We also will present in the poster the results of our latest experimentations, which will be carried out in January and February 2014 on the modeling and prototyping of ubiquitous eLearning environments.


Aim To evaluate the antibiotic effects of Cefathiamidine combined with Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin,Gatifloxacin respectively against 90 gram positive strains.Methods The protocol was designed by checkerboard method and the MIC of 3 groups antibiotics against the 90 gram positive strains (including 30 Staphylococcus aureus,30 Staphylococcus epidermidis,30 Enterococcus faecalis) was determined by broth dilution method,the FIC index was calculated according to MIC results.Results The MIC 50 of Cefathiamidine alone against Staphylococcus aureus was 16mg·L -1 and the MIC 50 of Cefathiamidine combined with Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin,Gatifloxacin was reduced to 2,0.5,1 mg·L -1 respectively.The MIC 50 of Cefathiamidine alone against Staphylococcus epidermidis was 1mg·L -1 and the MIC 50 of Cefathiamidine combined with Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin,Gatifloxacin was reduced to 0.125,0.25,0.125mg·L -1 respectively.The MIC 50 of Cefathiamidine against Enterococcus faecalis was 4mg·L -1 and the MIC 50 of Cefathiamidine combined with Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin,Gatifloxacin was reduced to 0.25,0.25,0.25mg·L -1 respectively.The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5,from 0.5 to 1,from 1 to 2,more than 2 were 60%~90%,10%~33.3%,0%~13.3%,0% respectively.Conclusion The FIC index indicated that synergism and additivity of Cefathiamidine combined with Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin,and Gatifloxacin respectively against 90-gram positive strains and the primary action was synergism,there are little autonomy and no antagonism.


Abstract During a recent pig carrion succession study in northwest Florida, United States, we noticed an abundance of spiders but found that literature on spider ecology at carrion is sparse and scattered. We compiled a literature review of 569 carrion succession studies, of which 37 studies specifically mentioned the presence of spiders, with less than a third providing species-level identifications and only half providing family-level identifications. Nineteen spider families have been reported at carrion in the literature. Spiders are recognized as generalist, opportunistic predators in carrion succession studies, but only 38% of the studies that mentioned spiders during carrion succession included any ecological information. Data on spiders in the present experiment were compared to background samples, finding that the difference in abundance was statistically significant for all spider species combined. Seven species of spiders from five families were identified from both background and carrion succession samples; statistical differences in abundance were found for three species: the linyphiid Florinda coccinea and the lycosids Tigrosa annexa and Pirata seminolus. The family Corinnidae is reported from carrion for the first time. This research reviews the existing literature on spider ecology during carrion succession, provides additional data on species identity and abundance, and demonstrates the potential significance of spiders in carrion ecology and forensic investigations.


Public participation in urban and rural planning is a legal system in China.The system has its own background of special political, economic, social and cultural.With the gradual awakening of our national democratic legal system and the widely publicity of urban and rural planning knowledge, public participation in urban and rural planning has become an effective way to improve the decision-making, level of urban and rural planning. To protect the right of knowing, participating, expressing and supervising about, the public participation in the urban and rural planning, the legislation should regulate the content, scope, way, responsibility, relief system of public participation in urban and rural planning.In addition ,we should strengthen education of public participation in the planning of urban and rural, improve the overall quality of planners,perfect the supporting system of public participation in urban and rural planning.


This issue of the International Journal of Training Research presents an eclectic collection of highly topical and interesting papers from Australia, New Zealand and Norway in areas such as trades training, green issues in training, innovations in literacy and language programs, the impact of further education on performance of students in higher education and the mentoring of VET researchers.This issue is the first of the eleventh year of the International Journal of Training Research, which has played an important role in the development of a regional research community in vocational education and training. A significant part of the success of Australian VET research has been a critical mass of researchers and the steady stream of novice researchers who have been inducted into that community. However, much like many other professions in Australia, such VET research has been typified by a shortage of qualified professionals to take up the challenge of a research career.The first contribution by AVETRA President Llandis Barratt-Pugh entitled Mentoring the next researcher generation: Reflections on three years of building VET research capacity and infrastructure, describes the progress of a project funded by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research - conducted jointly in a consortium with Victoria University, the University of South Australia and AVETRA - designed bring on a new generation of VET researchers. Barratt-Pugh (2012) describes a 'greying' of the research community as a consequence of the absence of a systematic induction and career transition into VET research. The diverse pathways and journeys into research careers, and the specific nature of VET careers focussed around teaching and training, means that the transitions into research careers are often very different from traditional academic pathways into research careers evident in other disciplines. Indeed, traditional research pathways - focussing on individual achievement competition and notions of excellence - act to exclude many capable people from careers in research. The need for the mentoring was identified as a way of responding to these diverse pathways; this contribution describes the nature of mentoring and the experience of three intakes of novice researchers and their mentors through the period 2008-2011. The programs according the author developed an important role in providing a pathway that 'legitimises their presence (novice researchers) in the VET research community, indicating and placing a value on their role. This supportive environment enables participants to resist being overwhelmed as they take their projects into unknown research territory' (Barratt-Pugh 2012). The project is perhaps seen as most valuable in providing what the author describes as a'cultural footprint of a new researcher pathway and mentoring has been established within the community, together with the concept of gathering our learning and facilitating the transfer of knowledge from experienced to novice researcher' (Barratt-Pugh 2012).This contribution highlights the need for career paths for researchers with situated and contextual knowledge of the VET sector who have both an intimate knowledge of issues but also an established network within the VET community. This has historically been strong feature of the Australian VET sector and should be an important aspect into the next decade.The common impression is that technical education is nothing but trades training, often referred to as the 'hard trades'. But this is a myth; the 'hard trades' - such as fitting and machining, welding, motor mechanics and sheet metal work - have diminished from being the centre piece of technical training in the 1970s, to become an important but in some ways diminishing part of a broader vocational education and training system spanning the full spectrum of occupations. The growing areas are not the hard trades, but human services, business and administration, health and recreation and general education. …


In this paper we study the presence of any extended foreground correlated regions in a cleaned CMB map. To estimate the cosmological parameters of interest, it is customary to employ a galactic mask on a cleaned map to omit the galactic region which remain contaminated even after cleaning. This study shows that there are residual foreground correlations present even outside a galactic mask, which could potentially be responsible for some of the large scale anomalies found in CMB. Here, we defined two correlation statistics, one in pixel space and the other in multipole space. Pixel correlation statistic was used to convey a pictorial impression of the level of residual foregrounds present in a cleaned map, while the multipole correlation statistic was used to identify any polluted multipoles. Using the pixel statistic, we find that there are notable spatially-extended, foreground-correlated features in the estimated CMB map. One interesting feature we found is that, the anomalous CMB cold spot region in the southern galactic hemisphere is highly correlated with synchrotron emission templates. Using the multipole statistic, we find that the CMB quadrupole is contaminated by synchrotron.


This text intends to analize the policies of public elementary instruction in Minas Gerais province, along the 19th century and, at the same time, to present and discuss one source of great value to Education's history of the period: the Written Reports of Province Presidents and of the Public Instruction Directors. Analizing the politician discourses about the instruction on Imperial Period, such documents were fundamental to comprehend important angles of provincial policies to the instruction, such as those related to teaching profession, to teacher formation and to Normal Schools; to processes and methods of teaching and apprenticeship; to unequal access, in terms of race and gender, to service of the instruction; to school materiality, such as school spaces and pedagogic materials, between other emerged and discussed along the survey.


Summary: Pulmonary arterial infusion of prostaglandin E1 (mean dose, 1 μg/kg/min) in term neonatal lambs ventilated with room air resulted in a slight fall hi pulmonary arterial pressure (P ≤0.05). Infusion during ventilation with low oxygen mixtures resulted in a parallel fall in pulmonary and arterial pressures and resistances. Intrapulmonary infusion of acetylcholine (mean dose, 3.9 μg/kg/min) in lambs during ventilation with room air caused a slight fall in mean systemic arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. When repeated with low oxygen ventilation, infusion of acetylcholine caused a parallel fall in both pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and resistances. Infusion of tolazoline at a mean dose of 0.21 mg/kg/min did not change pulmonary or systemic arterial pressures or resistances when the lambs were ventilated with room air or with hypoxic gas mixtures although individual animals experienced marked falls in systemic arterial pressure.Pulmonary arterial infusion of each of the three vasodilators during hypoxic ventilation resulted hi potentially adverse hemodynamic effects. This occurred despite prior ductal ligation, implying that doses effective for pulmonary vasodilatation may exceed doses without systemic effects particularly hi the acute hypoxic state.Speculation: Vasodilators specific for pulmonary vascular smooth muscle have not been developed. Nonspecific vasodilators cause relaxation of pulmonary and systemic-vascular smooth muscle which is most marked during hypoxemia. Increased pulmonary blood flow will result from vasodilatation only if the ratio of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance decreases or if cardiac output rises. Parallel changes in pulmonary and systemic resistance with vasodilators during hypoxic pulmonary hypertension with right to left shunting may prevent clinically useful improvement in oxygenation.


The microwave radiation imager (MWRI) located onboard the FengYun-3C (FY-3C) satellite provides a considerable amount of critical information for numerical weather predictions. Obtaining accurate geolocation results from the FY-3C MWRI data is of great importance. In this letter, we improve the traditional coastline inflection method (CIM) and propose an  $\ell _{0}$  sparse approximation model for geolocation error estimation and correction. Specifically, we propose using the jump point of the step function to estimate the true coastline point. This approach can characterize the geolocation errors more accurately than the CIM, which further improves the geolocation accuracy. In the theoretical part, we provide a complete solution to obtain the step function through an iterative blind deconvolution. For a practical use, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for geolocation error estimation through quantitative results obtained on the FY-3C MWRI data. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve an improvement of up to 33.33% in the standard deviation of geolocation errors (approximately 0.00030) compared to the traditional CIM (approximately 0.00045). Furthermore, we also apply the proposed method to the FY-3C satellite and improve the geolocation accuracy of the MWRI data through geolocation error correction.


A B S T R A C T The values of platelet counts were carried out. One hundred and sixty four subjects were sampled, comprising one hundred and fourteen HIV positive subjects and fifty HIV negative subjects which served as the control. Platelet count was analyzed using standard techniques. The results showed that HIV positive subjects had a significantly lower Platelet count (167 ± 78.40) when compared with the HIV negative subjects (238 ± 52.04).


A protocol for rapid clonal micropropagation of gerbera was developed by auxillary bud.MS+BAP 2.0+NAA 0.5 mg/l, which was given early bud initiation (19.40 days), with higher initiation per cent (91.66%) along with longer shoot length (2.5 cm). MS+BAP 2.0+NAA 0.5+Ads 100 mg/ l produced higher number of shoots (7.33 shoots/explants). The micro shoots were rooted (96%) in just 8.56 days on MS+NAA 2.0+activated charcoal 750 mg/l. In vitro rooted plants were acclimatized on sand + soil + FYM+ leaf mould. Plants shows 82.43 per cent survival rate during acclimatization. The plants were established in the field after acclimatization.


Water-soluble portion of the smoke condensate of cellulose cigarette was studied and 42 compounds—10 lactones, 6 cyclopentanones (or cyclopentenones), 5 pyrans and other compounds—were either positively or tentatively identified. Of these 42 compounds, 12, such as succinaldehyde, 5-hydroxy-2-pentenone, etc., were identified for the first time in cellulose pyrolyzate. Semi-quantitative estimation of some of the major components in water-soluble portion revealed that 1,6-anhydroglucopyranose (levoglucosan) was the most abundant, followed by 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone (cyclotene), acetol, 2-hydroxy-5-pentanolide, etc. Glycolaldehyde which seems to be more abundant than cyclotene on chxomatogram could not be estimated because of peak tailing. Of these water-soluble components, succinaldehyde has very pungent and irritating effect and seems to be a cause of the pungent and irritating odor of cellulose cigarette smoke.


Several techniques were tested to reduce the damage caused by great-tailed grackles to citrus in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas: monofilament line, eyespot balloons, pyrotechnics, and grackle nest removal. Ten species were found nesting in the treated groves, but only the mourning dove, white-winged dove, and great-tailed grackle in significant numbers. Nesting success was not reduced significantly by any treatment but observations indicate that cannon treatments are likely to …


Using the H2-rich purge gas and and the byproduct N2in coke oven gas based methanol plants to produce ammonia could enhance the ability of coking enterprises to resist the industry risk and provide them a way to transform to modern coal chemical industry. The process for production of ammonia from purge gas of coke oven gas based methanol plant was presented, and compared with the conventional ammonia processes, it had the advantages of low investment, low energy consumption and low cost.


A brief overview of the creation and growth of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, this article traces the institution's history and its strong relationship with the Mississippi Academy of Sciences. The Mississippi Academy of Sciences officially dedicated the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL) with the opening of the first summer session at Magnolia State Park in Ocean Springs, Mississippi, on August 28, 1947. Mississippians in scientific and educational circles had worked for two decades toward creating a research and educational laboratory focused on the state's marine and coastal environments. The Academy's priorities were scholarly research and education. Political leaders' were interested in the potential for a direct effect on the economy of Mississippi. The evolution of that two-fold focus has created a unique institution that integrates scientific discovery with graduate, undergraduate and public education as well as with rapid and effective response to questions of public concern.


Introduction Due to the often long-standing and extensive doctor-patient relationship, family doctors have special access to the mental state of their patients. They are often the first point of contact, and consequently the treatment of depression often begins in the GP's practice or even takes place entirely there. This requires dedicated knowledge on the part of the general practitioner, especially with regard to diagnostic criteria and treatment. Objectives The aim of this article is to describe the basic diagnostic process for the general practitioner's practice, to give advice on the indication and implementation of psychopharmacological interventions, and to present the results. This overview summarises the most relevant connections to the diagnosis, assessment of the severity and psychopharmacotherapy of depression in general practice. Methods The following therapy algorithms and remarks are essentially based on the treatment recommendations of the Swiss Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (SGPP) and the Swiss Society for Anxiety and Depression (SGAD) as well as the German S3 guideline of the German Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Neurology (DGPPN). Results Family doctors play a central role in the treatment of depressive disorders. They are often the first point of contact for patients with depression and in about 40 percent of cases even the only contact point. The likelihood of developing a depressive episode in the course of a lifetime is 10 to 15 percent globally. Evaluations by the World Health Organisation WHO show that 9 to 23 percent of people with chronic illnesses have depression as a concomitant illness. A cross-sectional epidemiological study in Germany showed that 60 percent of patients in general medical care were not treated with antidepressants and/or psychotherapy in accordance with guidelines. In Switzerland, about half of the antidepressants are currently prescribed by general practitioners. Image 1 shows a detailled overview (in German) of the current medication. Image: Conclusions Specialists in general internal medicine have a central role in recognition and treatment of depressive syndromes. Somatic causes can be ruled out by means of physical examination, laboratory and ECG/EEG/imaging. Mild and moderate depressive episodes can be treated by psychoeducation, counselling and medication. If the symptoms are mild, psychosocial support or psychotherapy alone can be considered. If acute suicidal tendencies or psychotic symptoms are identified, emergency symptoms, emergency admission to a psychiatric hospital should be considered. The presence of other psychiatric comorbidities, resistance to therapy or complex psychiatric medication necessitate referral to outpatient specialists. Metabolic and cardiovascular side effects and interactions between psychopharmacological and internal medicine must be considered. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Over the previous two chapters we have emphasized the stability of enduring rivalries, but enduring rivalries also begin and end. The same is true of all biological species: they develop and eventually go extinct. The punctuated equilibrium model, both in biology and in its enduring rivalry version, argues that major shocks set the stage for enduring rivalries or species to arise and are also part of the explanation of their demise. If we examine the idea of stability or equilibrium, it means relative insensitivity to perturbation. A measure of stability, for example, in the natural sciences, is based on the size of the force needed to destroy the equilibrium. Hence, the natural flip-side of the our emphasis on stability of enduring rivalries is the proposition that large forces and shocks are required to disrupt enduring rivalry stability. By political shock, we mean a dramatic change in the international system or its subsystems that fundamentally alters the processes, relationships, and expectations that drive nation-state interactions. For example, the end of the Cold War was a major political shock in international relations. In the 1980s, none thought the end of the Cold War would come soon, a reflection of the incremental thinking so common in international relations. The domestic political revolution in the USSR not only ended the U.S.-Soviet rivalry, but many of the conflicts in the Third World that were fueled by this rivalry as well. At the same time the end of the Cold War has also provided the setting for the rise of some new rivalries. If enduring rivalries are the result of well-entrenched causes, then the end of a particular rivalry or the beginning of a new rivalry should be associated with some dramatic change in the environment or the actors. These shocks may be exogenous to the rivalry, such as the occurrence of a world war, or endogenous, such as the change in the administration or regime of one of the rivals following a civil war. Therefore, in assessing the effects of political shocks on


A main concern in a reconfigurable WDM networks is to control the amplifier power transients caused by channel reconfiguration or even network failure/recovery. A simple and low cost solution is to use optical gain clamping (OGC) technique. We present efficient OGC-amplifier configuration with variable gain control insensitive to transients. We show experimental results on a new optical-gain-clamping solution where the whole ring network acts as a laser cavity. We demonstrate that recirculating amplified-spontaneous-emission noise may clamp the network gain. The spectral-hole-burning (SHB) offset limitation is also addressed. In addition we describe a recent transparent network testbed based on OGC-EDWA that outperforms the standard OGC-EDFA and suppresses SHB offset.


Objectives: Concomitant food intake influences pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in healthy volunteers. However, in treatment-naive TB patients who are starting with drug treatment, data on the influence of food intake on the pharmacokinetics are absent. This study aimed to quantify the influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide in TB patients starting anti-TB treatment. Methods: A prospective randomized cross-over pharmacokinetic study was conducted in treatment-naive adults with drug-susceptible TB. They received isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol intravenously and oral pyrazinamide on day 1, followed by oral administration of these drugs in fasted and fed condition on two consecutive days. Primary outcome was the bioavailability while fasting and with concomitant food intake. This study was registered with clinicaltrial.gov identifier NCT02121314. Results: Twenty subjects completed the study protocol. Absolute bioavailability in the fasted state and the fed state was 93% and 78% for isoniazid, 87% and 71% for rifampicin and 87% and 82% for ethambutol. Food decreased absolute bioavailability of isoniazid and rifampicin by 15% and 16%, respectively. Pyrazinamide AUC 0–24 was comparable for fasted (481 mg · h/L) and fed state (468 mg · h/L). Food lowered the maximum concentration of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide by 42%, 22% and 10% respectively. Time to maximum concentration was delayed for isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. The pharmacokinetics of ethambutol were unaffected by food.


Developed as a remedy-oriented system for systematically analyzing and evaluating human- related incidents occurring in nuclear power plants, the present system aims particularly at identifying causal factors and at deriving proposals for specific hierarchical countermeasures. Unlike conventional methods, which are based on checksheet format, and are thus devoid of logical methodology for conducting the analysis, and which thus lack the means of searching for underlying causal factors, and which do not record factual information on the sequence of events, our system incorporates innovative techniques such as; (a) a modified fault tree method for searching the underlying causal factors, (b) compilation of related events into sequential charts, (c) technique for devising proposed hierarchical redundant countermeasures, and (d) implementation procedures set out in practical manual form for easy familiarization and application. Through several trial applications, our method has proved to permit identifying un...


If you were to ask Professor Emeritus James (Jim) C. Wyant what has led to his success, he would most likely. as he has many times, say, "luck and timing." And while many people would agree that luck can create some level of opportunity, nothing enables greater career success than working harder and caring more. This paper is a short biography of James C. Wyant, Professor Emeritus at the College of Optical Sciences at the Univ. of Arizona, where he was Director (1999-2005) and Founding Dean (2005–2012). In April of 2019, the College of Optical Sciences at the Univ. of Arizona was renamed as the James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences in his honor.


The low-temperature electronic phase diagram of ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$, obtained using high-resolution thermal-expansion and specific-heat measurements, is shown to be considerably more complex than previously reported, containing nine different phases. Besides the magnetic ${C}_{2}$ and reentrant ${C}_{4}$ phases, we find evidence for an additional, presumably magnetic, phase below the usual spin-density-wave transition, as well as a possible incommensurate magnetic phase. All these phases coexist and compete with superconductivity, which is particularly strongly suppressed by the ${C}_{4}$-magnetic phase due to a strong reduction of the electronic entropy available for pairing in this phase.


A New Zealand researcher encounters difficulties in prescribing a best management practice for leaf removal, since there are many influencing factors such as trellis type, climate, variety and vine vigour. And it seems that Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, Merlot and Pinot Noir could be vulnerable to over exposure to sunlight.


Objective To appraise the efficacy and tolerance of intravenous administration of meropenem in treatment of P.aeruginosa-positive pneumonia in children. Methods 65 inpatients with P.aeruginosa-positive pneumonia in children were divided into treatment group and control group based on results of antibiotics susceptivity. Treatment group (n=34) was treated with meropenem 20mg/(kg.d), intravenously dripped 1 time/8h, for 7 to 14d; control group (n=31) was given ceftazidime 100mg/(kg.d), intravenously dripped 1 time/12h, for 7 to 14d. Results 30 cases in treatment group were cured(88.2 %), better 2 cases(5.9%),no effect 2 cases(5.9%),and 14 cases in control group healed(45.2 %),better 10 cases (32.3%),no effect 7 cases(22.6%). The cure rate of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group(P0.01). No severe adverse drug reaction appeared in both groups. The concentration of BUN of 4 cases, that of serum creatinine of one patient in control group increased temporarily. Conclusion The efficacy and tolerance of intravenous meropenem are good based on the above data. Meropenem should be recommended as the first choice for P.aeruginosa-positive pneumonia in children.


Unlike the pulmonary artery (PA), the pathophysiological changes of the pulmonary vein (PV) in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain largely unknown. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the structural and functional changes in the PV isolated from the chronic hypoxia (CH, 10% O2, 21 days)-induced PH rat model (CHPH). Results showed that CH caused an increase in right ventricular pressure, but did not affect the mean pulmonary venous pressure and the left atrial pressure. Similar as the PA, vascular lumen stenosis and medial thickening were also observed in the intrapulmonary veins isolated from the CHPH rats. Notably, CH induced more severe loss in the endothelium of intrapulmonary veins than the arteries. Then, the contractile response to 5-HT and U46619 were significantly greater in the intrapulmonary small veins (ISPV) and arteries (ISPA) isolated from CHPH rats than those from normoxic rats, but not in the extrapulmonary large veins (ELPV) and intrapulmonary large veins (ILPV). Treatment with either nifedipine (Nif), SKF96365 (SKF) or ryanodine+caffeine either partially attenuated (Nif) or dramatically abolished (SKF or ryanodine+caffeine) 5-HT-induced maximal contraction in ISPV from both normoxic and CHPH rats. Due to the severe loss of endothelium in the PV of CHPH rats, the decrease in acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly larger in ISPV than ISPA, while the sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced endothelium-independent relaxation was not altered in both ISPA and ISPV. In conclusion, our data provided fundamental data to comprehensively define the PV system in CHPH rat model.


Social order is the telos of law and politics. This study will present Jürgen Habermas' thought on this topic as one of the most important of the last forty years. By collocating it within the broader discussion on social order, we will highlight the potential, but also some problems of his universalistic proposal in light of challenges at the outset of the 21st century. This article argues that Habermas' communicative paradigm provides a conceptual framework for a universal public law protecting peace and human rights in an effective and legitimate way. It can be understood as a regulative idea, guiding transformative work of scholars, politicians and lawyers, rather than as a theoretical instrument that conceptualises international law in its current institutional setting.


After an acute low thoracic spinal transection (T13), cats can be made to walk with the hindlimbs on a treadmill with clonidine, an α2-noradrenergic agonist. Because previous studies of neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro suggest that the most important lumbar segments for rhythmogenesis are L1–L2, we investigated the role of various lumbar segments in the initiation of walking movements on a treadmill of adult cats spinalized (T13), 5–6 d earlier. The locomotor activities were evaluated from electromyographic and video recordings. The results show that: (1) localized topical application of clonidine in restricted baths over either the L3–L4 or the L5–L7 segments was sufficient to induce walking movements. Yohimbine, an α2-noradrenergic antagonist, could block this locomotion when applied over L3–L4 or L5–L7; (2) microinjections of clonidine in one or two lumbar segments from L3 to L5 could also induce locomotion; (3) after an intravenous injection of clonidine, locomotion was blocked by microinjections of yohimbine in segments L3, L4, or L5 but not if the injection was in L6; (4) locomotion was also blocked in all cases by additional spinal transections at L3 or L4. These results show that it is possible to initiate walking in the adult spinal cat with a pharmacological stimulation of a restricted number of lumbar segments and also that the integrity of the L3–L4 segments is necessary to sustain the locomotor activity.


Everyday thousands of research work is published in variety of journals, conference proceedings by academic and industrial researcher across hundreds of various disciplines. The tools and techniques which provide efficient search capability and provide the information for measures about publication like who has been published, which publication and when modern research is challenge. KDDCUP'13 addressed this challenge where given paper has been written by particular author (i.e. author-paper identification) for biographic dataset provided by Microsoft Academic Search Database. Many researchers has published their solutions for this problem based on incorporating selected proper features with different model like, Random Forest, GBDT (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree), FICO scorecard model, RGF. This paper focused on complete review for the solution published for KDDCUP'13 challenges. Keywords—Authorship, Feature engineering, Mean Average Precision


The article is dedicate to the evolution of fundamental methods to the research of the problem of correlation of the international and domestic law.


This paper identifies and explores some of the emerging research topics that assist in conceptualising and mapping the field of international education in business. The identified issues include the commercialisation of international education, the role of institutional promises in creating student expectations, student satisfaction, developing international and cultural leadership, cultural identity and adaptation in the new socio‐educational context as well as teaching with spirit and about spiritual issues. These diverse agendas illustrate the broad and inter‐disciplinary nature of the subject matter particularly where issues surrounding international education in business are approached holistically.


This study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Intramural Research Program and NIDA grants R01-DA07432 and R01-DA021059.


Dear Editor, Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a common form of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL), amounting to 18.5% of the cases globally, and is more common in Europe than North America or Asia. Gene expression studies propose a follicular T helper cell origin, suggested by expression of CD10, BCL6 and PD1. Patients are typically adults in their 50s or 60s and present with a fever, weight loss, subacute systemic illness and up to 50% of patients have a maculopapular skin rash which can mimic inflammatory dermatoses. There is also mild to moderate systemic lymphadenopathy. Patients generally present with advanced stage disease and the prognosis is often poor. The diagnosis of PTCL by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is challenging because the polymorphous population of haematolympoid cells seen in these aspirates can be easily mistaken for reactive lymphadenopathy. A case of AITL is discussed which mimicked a reactive process on cytomorphology, and the multimodality approach is outlined which helped in the diagnosis of this challenging case. A case of a 54-year-old woman is reported who presented with weight loss, rash and night sweats. Clinical examination revealed systemic lymphadenopathy. FNA of a right-sided neck lymph node was performed using a 25-G needle. Two aspirates were received and the attending Biomedical Scientist (BMS) prepared one air-dried direct spread (stained by Rapi-Diff (Atom Scientific, Manchester, UK) for each aspirate and the needle was rinsed in CytoRich Red (BD Diagnostics, Burlington, NC, USA) which was prepared as a single Papanicolaou-stained slide using the BD SurePath autostainer according to the manufacturer's instructions. Rapid on-site adequacy assessment was performed by the BMS, and given the clinical concern for lymphoma, material was rinsed into RPMI (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) for flow cytometry. The cytology preparations were highly cellular and contained a polymorphous population of small lymphocytes, medium-sized lymphoid cells, plasma cells, immunoblasts and lymphoglandular bodies. In areas, the lymphoid cells formed cell fragments with prominent transgressing blood vessels (Figure 1). Aggregates and dispersed dendritic cells with smooth ovoid nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, evenly dispersed chromatin and moderate to abundant amounts of cytoplasm, were also noted. Some of these aggregates were percolated by lymphocytes and formed so-called dendritic cell-lymphocyte complexes (Figure 2). Epithelioid histiocytes, Hodgkin / Reed-Sternberg cells, tingible body macrophages, follicle centre cell fragments and obviously malignant monotonous lymphoid cells were not identified. Immunocytochemistry performed on the agar cell block prepared from the residual material revealed a marked predominance of CD2, CD3, and CD5 positive T cells amidst a few CD20 positive B cells. Tdt was negative. The larger cells were positive for CD21. The flow cytometry analysis reported a predominance of T cells that expressed CD2, CD5 and CD4. The cells were negative for the CD3 receptor antigen, possibly indicating clonality. Despite the polymorphous morphology, given the predominance of T cells seen on immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, a diagnosis of T cell lymphoma was raised, and the histological correlation was advised for confirmation and subtyping. AITL was confirmed on subsequent excision biopsy. The cytological appearances of a polymorphous population of lymphocytes mimicked a reactive process in this case. The differential diagnoses to consider when confronted with a mixed population of lymphocytes also includes Hodgkin lymphoma and certain nonHodgkin lymphomas, including marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, T cell-rich B cell lymphoma and peripheral T cell lymphoma. Ancillary investigations, including flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, were key in making the diagnosis of lymphoma in this case, but a number of cytomorphological features were also evident. The absence of tingible body macrophages together with large tissue fragments of lymphoid cells containing prominent blood vessels, which reflect characteristic histological findings of high endothelial venules, have been described in AITL. The presence of dendritic cell-lymphocyte complexes are helpful in distinguishing reactive from neoplastic processes, particularly in the differential with reactive paracortical hyperplasia. Subsequent histological confirmation is recommended for the diagnosis of lymphoma at a patient's first presentation. Previous studies have questioned the utility of flow cytometry in AITL, given the polymorphous population of the infiltrate and the often relatively scanty nature of the malignant cells. The benefits of flow cytometry include being able to quantitatively analyse several markers and dual labelling. Aberrant T cell populations identified via flow cytometry have been reported in 63% of cases of AITL, with the most common abnormalities being loss of CD3 expression, as DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12422


In 2007, the first observation of the coherent terahertz (THz) electromagnetic (EM) waves from mesa structures of intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in hi…This work has been supported in part by CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), WPI-MANA project (NIMS).


Aim:To explore the effect of Fas-associated death domain(FADD) siRNA on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) on Parkinson's disease modal.Methods:A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups,10 rats in each group.Ten rats in PD group were prepared to be hemiparkinsonian models induced by unilateral stereotaxic infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) in right substantia nigra of midbrain.FADD siRNA sequences in FADD siRNA group were separately injected into the right substantia nigra of siRNA,then infusion of 6-OHDA.siRNA negative control sequences in siRNA negative control groups were separately injected into the right substantia nigra of siRNA,and then infusion of 6-OHDA.The rats in the control group were treated with a mixture of ascorbic acid and normal saline.Four weeks after operation,the expression of FADD and TH mRNA in the right substantia nigra through in situ hybridization were compared.Results:Compared with the normal group,the expression of FADD mRNA in PD significantly increased.Compared with PD group,the expression of FADD mRNA in FADD SiRNA group significantly decreased.Compared with the normal group, the expression of TH mRNA in PD significantly decreased.Compared with PD group,the expression of TH in FADD siRNA group significantly increased.Conclusion:FADD siRNA may protect and therapy PD rats by inhibiting DA neuron apoptosis and improving TH mRNA expression.


An experimental investigation on anti-cracking performance of dam concrete that contains cement with MgO and fly ash is presented by means of temperature stress testing machine(TSTM) test with a specific temperature history. The results indicate that the higher water to binder(w/b) ratio concrete has poorer cracking sensitivity than the lower w/b one. Compared to criteria of anti-cracking performance in terms of tensile strength and/or tensile strain capacity, a criterion based on TSTM test is more reasonable and has higher precision.


The 3s radial wave function R(r) has been determined by electron scattering from /sup 206/Pb and /sup 205/Tl. The shape of R(r) in the central region of the nucleus is used to test the validity of the independent-particle shell model at large nuclear density.


PREVIEW The three most common and vexing clinical urologic problems in the elderly are prostate cancer and benign outlet obstruction in men and urinary incontinence in women. In this article, Dr Reznicek reviews these entities, with an emphasis on practical management. In addition, he discusses long-term use of catheters in the elderly and presents a pragmatic approach to preventing serious complications.


Purpose: To explore the anti-tumor effect of the Shenfouweikang in treatment of gastric cancer. Methods: Nude mice grafted with a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line BGC-823 was used as the experimental model. The mice were divided into three groups, one control and the two drug administration experimental groups. Animals in the two experimental groups received either Shefouweikang or Dele granule over a 60-day period starting at the first day after grafting. Animals received saline as controls. All the mice were sacrificed at 61 days after being grafted. The anti-tumor effect was assessed by two ways: (1) tumor size was periodically measured during the life of the animals and tumor weight was determined by an electron balance immediately after the animals killed. (2) Apoptotic indices (AI) were examined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate fluorescence nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and flow cytometric analysis. Results: Compared with controls and Dele granular powder, tumor growth (size and weight) was significantly inhibited with the Shefouweikang decoction treatment (P<0.05). AI in human gastric cancer xenografts nude mice was significantly increased in the Shefouweikang decoction group compared with the controls and Dele granule group. Conclusion: The anti-tumor effect of gastric cancer cell growth in vivo by Shefouweikang herbs is related with induction of the cell apoptosis.


This paper aims to evaluate the natural and artificial lighting systems for working space at the educational building in Universitas Indonesia. The doctoral working spaces and innovation laboratories are used as the case studies. The evaluation variables include orientation, openings, and lighting placement. The presence of variables can minimize the use of artificial lighting during the operating hours with clear sky conditions according to the SNI. The tools involved in this study are Lux meter and DIALux evo version 9.2 to perform the direct measurement and simulation. This study found that the lighting planning has fulfilled the SNI standards for doctoral working space with a minimum of 350 Lux and innovation laboratories which require 500 Lux. The direct measurement results of lighting range utilizing the natural light show output with an average of 182.8-1,278.1 Lux and the combination with artificial light from 222-1,883.8 Lux. Meanwhile, for the DIALux evo simulation, each room has exceeded the lower limit of lighting criteria between 403-3,739 Lux.


Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) is a method of analysis based on immunological reactions of antigens-antibodies binding. This highly specific and sensitive method was used for in vitro diagnosis in small quantity of sample. Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, BATAN has developed Thyroglobulin IRMA Kit using coated tube method that can determine thyroglobulin levels in microgram quantities. Coated tube was made with immobilisation of anti thyroglobulin into polistyrene tube. Development of IRMA kit performed through several steps including: optimization component of kit, optimization assay and kit validation. Optimization of coated tube involved selection and volume of solvent, using blocking and non-blocking agent, and volume of blocking agent. The optimum condition for coated tubes was found to be using 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 with coating volume of 500 μL, 3% BSA in 500 μL blocking agent 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.4, with maximum binding and non-specific binding (NSB) of 60.58 and 1.40%, respectively. The optimized coated tube was found to be stable up to 4 weeks.


Abstract— This paper reports solutions and recommendations regarding the design of the systems proposed in the 2015 edition of the Formal Methods and Timing Verification Challenge (FMTV). It uses the modelling formalism and the schedulability analysis techniques provided by the MAST suite of tools. The paper starts by clarifying the role of the data provided against the design intent. Then, for each of the challenges proposed, it discusses the adequacy of the analysis models used to represent the corresponding timing characteristics as well as the strengths and limitations of the underlying analysis approaches, and presents the results obtained. Finally, we report the effort it took to solve them and the lessons learned. The solutions are also provided in electronic form to facilitate their assessment by the community.


The abnormal haemoglobins in East Indians so far described are principally sickle-cell haemoglobin (haemoglobin S) and haemoglobin D, and to a less extent haemoglobin E. Haemoglobin S is found in some aboriginal communities of Southern India, where in the Panyans and in the Irulas the percentage incidence is about 30, and in some tribes in Western India (Lehmann and Cutbush, 1952a, 1952b; Buichi, 1955; Sukumaran, Sanghvi, and Vyas, 1956). The rather high incidence of 55,'% has been mentioned for the Parjah Kondhs by Foy, Brass, and Kondi (1956). Although some families with the sickling trait have been noticed among Biharis working as labourers in Assam (Dunlop and Mozumder, 1952), sicklers were not detected amongst 23 Karias and 100 Oraons employed as forest labourers on the Andaman Islands (Lehmann and Ikin, unpublished). Shukla and Parande (1956) have observed sickling in a Mahar family. The Mahars are a " scheduled caste " in Maharashtra, and it is noteworthy that the earliest communities of India, including the Veddoids, were either driven by the later arrivals into remote places where they retained their identity or were subjugated and incorporated into what we know to-day as the scheduled castes. Though first reported in isolated instances from America and Europe, haemoglobin D has been found to occur in 30O of Sikhs and in 1% of Gujeratis (Bird and Lehmann, 1956a ; Jacob, Lehmann, and Raper, 1956). India would thus appear to be a reservoir for this abnormal haemoglobin. Haemoglobin E was first discovered in a child of mixed Hindu ancestry (Itano, Bergren, and Sturgeon, 1954), but none has been found in many Indian communities investigated since, except for some occasional observations in Bengalis (Bird and Lehmann, 1 956b; Chatterjea, Saha, Ray, and Ghosh, 1956; Saha, Dutta, and Ghosh, 1957). The incidence of haemoglobin E is of course high immediately East of Bengal in Burma and in the neighbouring Siam and Malaya.


Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a prehistoric domesticated crop among food legumes with a vital range of uses as food and feed owing to its protein-rich grains and straw. The cultivated lentils are broadly divided in two types of groups, the small-seeded (microsprma) and the bold seeded (macrosperma) (Erskine et al., 1994, Shrestha et al., 2006a, b, Mishra et al., 2014). Drought stress is an extremely universal and disadvantageous cause for crop yield loss in several areas of the world where lentils are in cultivation by forming community (McWilliams, 1986; Shrestha et al., 2006a, b). Lentil crop when sown during autumn or winter in South Asian countries as well as Mediterranean environments, are to face, occurrence of intermittent drought during the vegetative growth and terminal drought throughout their reproductive period when temperatures are ever-increasing and rainfall is declining (Yusuf et al., 1979; Siddique et International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


A realistic criterion was introduced in the 3D principal stress space for describing failure of transversely isotropic bodies taking also into account the strength differential effect. This criterion is represented by an elliptic paraboloid failure surface (EPFS). The criterion stipulates that in the compression–compression–compression octant these materials may sustain very high loadings. To remedy this ambiguous definition of failure in this zone, an improved version of the EPFS was also introduced as a complement of the EPFS criterion. Based on the same principles as the EPFS, a symmetric ellipsoid failure surface is defined whose symmetry axis is parallel to the hydrostatic axis, which is also passing though the three pairs of failure strengths in tension and compression along each of the principal stress axes. Both criteria are completely defined by stipulating that their symmetry axes are parallel to the hydrostatic axis and that the fourth rank tensors H defining failure should have a zero eigenvalue associated with the spherical tensor 1. Extensive experimental evidence with different orthotropic materials has shown that their failure results corroborate both criteria, depending on the form of their structure.


Methods and apparatuses are proposed for supporting one or more user-dependent channel state information (CSI) feedback rates in a downlink spatial division multiple access (SDMA) system. For certain aspects, an access point (AP) may receive a channel evolution feedback from one or more stations and send a request for CSI to the stations whose CSI values need to be updated. For certain aspects, the AP may poll the stations for updated CSI values. For certain aspects, deterministic back-off timers may be assigned to the stations indicating when to send their CSI feedback. The proposed methods may improve system performance.


Anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) continue to be significant public health issues in northern Benin despite the installation of solar market gardens (SMGs), suggesting an urgent need of implementing nutrition programs to benefit the full impact of SMGs. One way to enhance the benefit is to know which fruits and vegetables (F&V) are currently consumed to determine their suitability to promote as a crop.


Permission to make digitalhrd copies of all or part of this material for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, the copyright notice, the title ofthe publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copyright is by permission of the ACM, Inc. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires specific permission an&or fee ICSE 97 Boston MA USA Copyright 1997 ACM O-89791-914-9/97/05 ..%3.50 Collective memory and knowledge distillation, including information repositories, design rationale and argumentation systems, and organizational and group memories.


This is a single case study of a college age male with major depressive disorder and personality disorder not otherwise specified (NOS). The patient endorsed feelings of sadness, worthlessness, inattention, isolation, and suicidal and homicidal ideation. In addition, the patient endorsed inflexible and pervasive behavioral patterns such as paranoia, isolation, and narcissism. Treatment consisted of schema therapy, with an emphasis on the therapeutic relationship (limited reparenting). The patient completed Young's Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) prior to initiating treatment and again following treatment. Schemas endorsed at moderate to high levels include Failure, Enmeshment, Abandonment, Emotional Deprivation, Punitiveness, Negativity/Pessimism, and Social Isolation. Following 68 weeks of schema therapy, the patient endorsed all 18 schemas at a "low" level. In addition, whether these findings demonstrated clinically significant change was examined. Results indicate that four out of seven of the patient's endorsed schemas demonstrated clinically significant change (Emotional Deprivation, Punitiveness, Negativity/Pessimism, and Social Isolation).


A series of novel 7-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl-8(imino) chromone compounds 4(a-p) were prepared by reacting 8- formyl-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl- chromones with selected amines. The amines were so selected, which facilitate the comprehend survey of the Structure-Activity Relationships. This was accompanied with the reckoning of Lipophilicity (log P), Molar refractive index and molecular weight of the synthesized compounds. All these new compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectrometry. The synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activities. The Antagonist effects of the different substituent of novel compounds on the antimicrobial activity were discussed. Lead like /drug like qualities of the new compounds was devised by quantitative characterization of the compounds with their computed physicochemical properties.


We experimentally investigate the 60 GHz double-sideband radio-over-fiber link. We present the bit error rate performance of the system for HD video transmission in the access architecture and the phase noise measurements for metro-access scenarios.


Based on the investigation on 113old trees in Hangzhou,this paper detected the conditions of internal rotten holes by Fakopp sonar detector.According to ratio of the rotten sections to the total area of the sections,these trees were classified into 4levels,including nil,light,moderate,and heavy hollows. The proportion of the 4levels accounted for 25.7%,15.9%,30.1%,and 28.3%,respectively of 113 trees surveyed.Main factors of forming hollows in the trees were discussed,countermeasures were put forward.