The macula densa (MD) senses NaCl/tubular flow and initiates tubuloglomerular feedback. We hypothesize that sheer stress along the luminal membrane of macula densa cells bends the primary cilia, which causes an increase in intracellular calcium and enhances nNOS activity at the MD. To test this hypothesis we investigated whether increasing shear stress from 0.5 to 5 dynes/cm2 (with a circular flow chamber) across MMDD1 cells, a macula densa‐like cell line, increased intracellular calcium (measured by Fura‐2) and NO levels (measured with DAF‐FM). Increasing sheer stress caused intracellular calcium to increase from 0.94 ± 0.07 to 1.38 ± 0.41(p < 0.01), and NO levels to increase from 174.8 ± 21.5 to 276.1 ± 24.3 units/min (p < 0.01). We next determined whether the primary cilia mediated this increase in intracellular calcium and NO. For this, we removed the primary cilia of MMDD1 cells by treating them with a siRNA against polaris, measured with immunostaining of cilia, and then repeated the above experiments. In contract to the previous experiments, increasing shear stress had no effect on either intracellular calcium (0.94 ± 0.07 vs. 0.98 ± 0.13) or NO levels (48.6 ± 17.5 vs. 62.7 ± 15.2 units/min). These data indicate that: 1) shear stress enhances NO generation in MMDD1 cells; 2) cilia can be removed with a siRNA against polaris; 3) shear stress‐induced NO generation is mediated by cilia via elevated intracellular calcium.


The massive growth of SMEs gave an opportunity to the tech industry in creating innovations. Applications with advanced and user-friendly features offered SMEs owners an opportunity to enlarge their businesses. This study's objective is to discuss the impact of brand authenticity and brand community towards brand trust and SME growth in case of users of Mitra Bukalapak applications. This study uses bootstraping methods as the framework of theory analysis. In data collection, the study is using purposive sampling methtods to 362 community members of Mitra Bukalapak users. The result of this study found that brand consistency, brand customer orientation, brand community has a positive impact on brand trust, and brand trust has a positive impact on SME growth. Therefore, the study will contribute to current knowledge in the tech industry to build the brand and provide information on the impact of brand value development for the SME owners.


Objective:To study the effect of endostar combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin intraperitoneal infusion on malignant molecule contents in peritoneal lavage of gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites.Methods:A total of 64 gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites were randomly divided into endostar chemotherapy group(Endostar combined with 5-FU/DDP intraperitoneal infusion)and conventional chemotherapy group(5-FU/DDP intraperitoneal infusion).Then protein contents of VEGF,mRNA contents of apoptotic molecules and activity of MMPs in peritoneal lavage fluid were detected.Results:Elisa test results showed:VEGFA,VEGFB and VEGFC contents in peritoneal lavage of endostar chemotherapy group were significantly lower than those of conventional chemotherapy group;PCR test results showed:mRNA contents ofFas,FasL,Apaf-1and caspase-3/6/7/9in peritoneal lavage of endostar chemotherapy group were higher than those of conventional chemotherapy group;Zymography test results showed that:activity of MMP2/7/9/14 in peritoneal lavage of endostar chemotherapy group was lower than that of conventional chemotherapy group.Conclusion:Endostar combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin intraperitoneal infusion can regulate contents of malignant molecules in peritoneal lavage,and the specific expression was reducedgeneration of VEGF,increased expression of apoptotic molecules and inhibited the activity of MMPs.


In a previous report (7) we have shown that soybean plants, in response to age and culture conditions, selectively translocate varying proportions of C14labeled sucrose, serine-glycine, and malic acid from among the products of photosynthesis in a primary leaf exposed to C1402 for 10 minutes. Regardless of age or culture conditions or the amount or type of compound exported, total radioactivity in the stem decreased logarithmically with distance from the input node to the root. Moreover, the concentration of radioactivity at the input node did not vary significantly in spite of some relatively large changes in the total export in the 10 minutes interval of these experiments. Further information on these observations drawn from short-term experiments required data which could be obtained only by extending the duration of the experiments. Logarithmic gradients of translocated radioactivity in stems have been noted by others (1, 9, 10) and attempts have been made to interpret them in relation to velocity or rate of translocation or to concurrent losses from the sieve tubes to the surrounding tissues (1, 2, 3, 4). In all cases but one (9), these gradients have been observed in short-term experiments. Only 2 reports (1, 10) have noted the changes in gradient characteristics that occur when the duration of C14-assimilation and translocation is increased, and in these the experiments were limited to periods from 5 to 30 minutes. Kursanov and Pristupa (5, 6, 8) have recently reported evidence in support of the classical concept of a circulation of carbon compounds from the leaves to the roots and back to the tops with metabolism in the roots playing an important role in the overall process. They have found that bean, pumpkin, and maize translocate mainly sucrose from the leaves to the roots. There it is metabolized to organic acids and amino acids in varying degree, (depending on the status of the mineral nutrition) and these acids are then translocated to the tops in the xylem sap. If such a criculation exists in the soybean, it was reasoned that, with increasing translocation time, the initial logarithmic decrease in C14 concentration with distance down the stem could change to an increasing gradient. This alteration might result from the combined effects of the decrease in export from the leaf and the increase in return flow from the root. The influence of increasing time on the translocation of the products of photosynthesis wvas, therefore, followed in young soybean plants maintained under defined conditions for intervals of 20 minutes to 70 hours after C1402 was assimilated for 10 minutes by one of the primary leaves. At each time interval the total amount of C14 exported by the leaf, its distribution within the plant and the identity of the labeled compounds were determined. The results of these experiments are interpreted in terms of the significance of the C14-concentration gradients in the stem as a measure of the rate of downward translocation and as an indicator for return flow from the root.


Balph II. StopUll l' HE mental hygiene and adjustment work at the Wayne County Training School is conducted under the direction of the medical department. In the capacity of clinical assistant, the mental hygienist is enabled to work with the cottage, school, and vocational staffs in an advisory and cooperative relationship. It is also his privilege to work with children directly in the solution of their problems. Since he has no administrative or disciplinary responsibilities, he is placed in a strategic position for helping boys who are in difficulty. The advantage of such an arrangement is apparent when we realize that many of these retarded boys, prior to their coming to the Training School, have had unpleasant experiences with individuals representing discipline and authority Many of them have been unmanageable both at home and at school, and failed to adjust under probation to the juvenile court. Thus it is very essential that the mental hygienist should not be associated with discipline in the mind of the child. Children are permitted free access to the mental hygienist's office. When a boy presents some problem or special need that cannot be handled by clinical methods, it becomes not merely the privilege but the duty of the mental hygienist to act in that boy's behalf until a satisfactory solution has been reached through proper administrative channels. We maintain a constantly alert and active interest in the adjustments of our children. It is our aim in adjustment work to enable each child to live happily at the Training School, and to enjoy a high degree of freedom and self-responaibility. In order to accomplish this aim, it is necessary to devise practical, effective solutions to the child '8 problems as they arise, and as far as possible to anticipate probable difficulties. Practically, since our children are not merely preparing for life, but are living here and now, we must provide them with the means of solving their problems in terms of everyday realities. There are no special types of problems to which our children are immune. They are subject to the same worries, fears, and tensions that affect all of us. If anything, they are more fearful and insecure than the average child, because many of them realize that their lack of insight and ability to evaluate situations has often led them to blunder in-


Historically, the role of professionals specialized in occupational health and safety (OHS) has emerged from the need to protect employers working in major risk industries such as nuclear plants and large-scale chemical industries in Europe. More recently, a few studies highlighted that the range of activities linked to safety management responsibilities includes monitor and prepare reports, inspection and auditing, regulatory compliance, emergency response, incident investigation, hazard and risk assessment, and training. Additionally, there are some supplementary non-safety related duties, such as including environmental responsibility. Considering that work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) are a major burden worldwide, adding up to 1.3 billion cases, more than 100 million years loss of disability-adjusted life years and that such disorders are common causes of disability and sick leave, this topic is highly relevant to OHS professionals. In EU Member States for which data are available, a large majority of all workers report complaints related to musculoskeletal disorders as their most serious work-related health problems. The percentage of workers reporting such complaints as their most serious health problem ranges from 40 % in Luxembourg to 70 % in Czech Republic and Finland. Furthermore, more than half of workers with musculoskeletal disorders reported taking time off work in a 12-month period. In the EU, 26 % of workers with musculoskeletal long-lasting disorders, that is lasting over 3 months, combined with other health problems report more than 8 days of absence per year. Higher Education Institutions (HEI) have a key role in disseminating and increasing accessibility to the most up-to-date evidence available regarding the impact and management of musculoskeletal disorders, to facilitate translation of knowledge to implementation in practice. This way, the Knowledge Alliance Prevent4Work for Preventing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders has elaborated this document with the most recent and relevant knowledge within the topic. HEI that offer courses within OHS as well as graduation and post-graduation courses for health professionals that work within the area, may benefit from the recommendations presented here.


In order to investigate the relationship of structure and properties of Ni-P alloy coating,the solution composition and the operating conditions for Ni-P alloy coating were studied.The effect of related factors in the alloy coatings and depositing speed were discussed.The surface morphology and microstructure of Ni-P coating,compared with those of Ni coating,were observed with SEM.The microstructures of alloy coatings were analyzed by XRD.The experiement results showed that a good amorphous Ni-P alloy coating could be obtained by using this process.


Environmental quality is a characteristic inherent to all ecosystems, and so knowledge of the indicators that define it, within those of sustainability as a whole, is of vital importance. In particular, environmental analysis of any area should include information on air quality together with data on water, soil, natural resources, and human beings. The distribution of individuals and their impact on the environment varies enormously among countries. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the environmental impact recorded in 27 countries of the European Union, taking into account variables relating to the volume of pollutants emitted to the atmosphere, freshwater abstraction, and the population density in each country. A hierarchical cluster analysis has allowed us to establish groups of countries of similar behavior within the considered variables. Countries with anomalous records (above the EU average) have been detected.


Although tax is an important component of government revenue which is used to finance government expenditures, there are many causes that lead people to avoid or evade from paying tax. Among the causes of tax evasion, main factors of them are low income of taxpayers, high tax burdens; increase the size of government, trade openness, high inflation and unemployment. This study postulates that unemployment has a high effect on tax evasion. The present study applied the Sensivity Analysis with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methodology to investigate the effect of unemployment on tax evasion and also to determine the relative importance of unemployment among other causes of tax evasion for Malaysian data from 1963-2012. Results reveal that there is a positive relationship between unemployment and the extent of tax evasion and unemployment has a high effect on tax evasion among other causes of tax evasion.


A kind of three-dimensional EFD-BPM scheme and its stability were presented in this paper. And a calculation result of optical field distribution at the fully coupled distance was also given.


To two parallel contact line system and the elastic contact line with the power supply rail (3) and a fixed contact coupled to the line (4) on the rigid contact line system is provided with an elongate boom in the transition region ( 5), which increases the stiffness in the longitudinal direction from the elastic contact line system to the rigid contact line system. Two resilient contact line contact line system (2) parallel to the first contact line (4) positioned along the boom, and the first contact line (4) clamped over the entire length of the cantilever. All three contact lines (2,4) is fixed in the region of the boom (5) on a number of multiple clips (9), the clips in a distributed manner along the cantilever positioning. Multiple clips (9) located at the cantilever recess (12).


Objectives : We review a result of studies until the present and suggest the method of medical treatment for the clinical treatment of Scolopendrid Herbalacupuncture. Methods : We analysis the paper of the bibliographic studies, the experiment studies and the clinical studies from 2001 developed Scolopendrid Herbalacupuncture and grope for the course of studies. Results : 1. Scolopendrid Herbalacupuncture is proved the clinical safety by the aninmal and human tests. 2. The pharmacological action of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch is anti-convulsive action, analgesic action, lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammatory action, anti-tumor action and microbe inhibition 3. Scolopendrid Herbalacupuncture has been a fine effect to the entrapment neuropathy and inflammatory. 4. Scolopendrid Herbalacupuncture was thought effective on a acute phase and to the excessive symptoms. The Sub-chronic toxicity experiment observing the response after hypodermic medication over 90 days, The Genetic-mutagenic toxity experiment and the clinical effect studies are necessary.


Problems associated with the application of photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) in the study of catalysis and adsorption are examined, the physical principles of PES and the experimental technique are briefly described, and an account is given of the results of the application of the method to the study of metallic, alloy, oxide, deposited, and zeolite catalysts. It is shown that the method can be used successfully to investigate the valence and physical states and the surface concentrations of elements in catalysts, the nature of the adsorption complexes, and the mechanism of surface reactions. The bibliography includes 332 references.


Abstract : This report implements MIL-STD-847A and presents the standards for preparing, editing, reproducing, and distributing Technical Reports for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory. Its purpose is to standardize details for clarity, uniformity, and consistency and thus reduce the costs of publication. Format samples follow immediately after instructions. These standards are intended to be used for reference in specific areas and need not be read from cover to cover. An index is included to aid the reader in finding the specific areas of interest.


Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor size in patients with pathological T3aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) postoperatively. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with pathological T2N0M0 and T3aN0M0 RCC undergoing radical or partial nephrectomy at our Institution from 2000-2020. Survival analysis using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression was performed. Results: A total of 165 patients were included and analyzed. We found that patients with pT3a RCC >7 cm experienced worse 5-year recurrence-free survival (43.8% versus 77.3%, p=0.006) and cancer-specific survival (67.6 versus 94%, p=0.003) compared with those with pT3a RCC ≤7 cm. However, there was no significant difference in recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival between patients with pT2 and pT3a RCC ≤7 cm. Based on multivariate analysis, tumor size >7 cm was an independent factor for tumor recurrence and cancer-related death [hazard ratio(HR)=2.654, p=0.005; and HR=5.016, p=0.005, respectively]. Renal vein invasion was associated with poorer 5-year recurrence-free survival than fat invasion (48.1% versus 70.9%, p=0.032) and was a predictor for tumor recurrence (HR=1.987, p=0.043). Conclusion: Tumor size has a significant impact on prognosis for patients with pathological T3aN0M0 RCC and should be taken into consideration when staging disease and predicting outcomes for these patients.


Utilizing conventional data、weather maps and physical vector diagnostic analysis data and so on,We analyze the character of "yunna" and the weather process which leads to the torrential rain in Shangcheng,the results show that the main influencing system is the strong typhoon depression,and the main reason is the inverse slot of typhoon intruded by the weak cold air from north of China;The terrain reinforce the precipitation;The center of moisture flux and perpendicular speed are in accordance with the torrential rain area,which have indicatory meaning to the torrential rain.


The natural appearance of many wood species can be affected by a variety of undesirable «non-microbial» discolorations. This study reviews and summarizes the current knowledge of the causes of discolorations occurring in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf] Sarg.), and amabilis fir (Abies amabilis [Dougl.] Forbes). Recently, such discolorations in Canadian hem-fir have become economically important and research has been renewed into the cause of this problem, with the intention of proposing preventive measures. Several factors potentially contributing to color formation in hem-fir products are addressed. Examples of discolorations found in other wood species are prodded to illustrate the significance of such factors


Segmentation-crack structured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) using a Triplex Pro™-200 gun. In this work, free-standing coating specimens (~700 μm) were isothermally heat-treated in air from 1200 to 1600 °C for 24 h and at 1550 °C for 20 to 100 h, respectively. The thermal aging behaviors such as microstructures, phase compositions, grain growth and mechanical properties were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and a Vickers hardness test. The results indicated that the as-sprayed coatings mainly consisted of metastable tetragonal (t′-YSZ) phase, but the t′-YSZ gradually partitioned into equilibrium tetragonal (t-YSZ) and cubic (c-YSZ) phases due to yttrium diffusion during thermal exposure, and with an improvement in temperature, the c-YSZ may retain or transform into another yttrium-rich tetragonal (t″-YSZ) phase. The transformation of t-YSZ to monoclinic phase (m-YSZ) has occurred after 1550 °C/40 h heat treatment, and the content of the m-YSZ phase increased with the prolongation of the thermal exposure time. The variations of Vickers hardness have a correlation with pores healing and grain growth, which might be attributed to the coating sintering and m-YSZ phase formation. Furthermore, the growth pattern of the grains was investigated in detail. In service, cracks and pores proceeded along the grain boundaries, especially surrounding the small grains. It is conducive to the engineering application of TBCs fabricated with the Triplex Pro™-200 gun.


To investigate the effect of a daily supplementation of 12 g living yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, strain 47; trade name Biosaf Sc 47), 30 finishing bulls were divided into comparable groups based on weight and growth rate (15 doublemuscled Belgian White and Blue bulls: 8 in control and 7 in yeast group; 15 Charolais cross bulls; 7 in control and 8 in yeast group). Feed intake, growth rate, feed conversion rate and slaughter characteristics were measured (table I). The animals were kept in loose housing on straw bedding (2 x 2 pens) and received allmash + straw ad


Purpose of study We FIT Together (WFT) is a multi-faceted community approach to reduce childhood obesity in Evanston, Wyoming. Evanston is home to 12 090 residents, 30% of which are under 18 years of age. Evanston has little access to exercise opportunities and experiences long winters contributing to the high rate of physical inactivity. Uinta county, where Evanston resides, ranked 21 out of 23 in health outcomes. There are high rates of diabetes, heart disease, and adult and childhood obesity. Evanston has a need for a childhood obesity intervention. Methods used Many childhood obesity interventions exist but are focused on a single group. Childhood obesity is complex and should be targeted by integrating interventions among children, parents, schools, and physicians. Two programs were designed to supplement the already existing health program provided by the school district. 'Healthy Tip or Challenge of the Day' is a method to provide more health education and 'Classroom Based Exercise' utilises 5 min of class for short exercises that can decrease obesity and improve test scores and retention. A parent education program was developed to provide caregivers with the knowledge and resources needed to make educated choices regarding their child's health. Lastly, physicians were urged to speak to their patients about healthy lifestyle choices, such as diet and exercise. Summary of results WFT was successfully handed over to the community and will be presented in a community health town hall. The superintendent was provided with a literature review of childhood obesity programs, classroom exercises, and a calendar of healthy tips and challenges. Practitioners responded positively to the request to talk to their patients about exercise and diet, one stating he would make it a part of every visit. Parents said WFT could improve the choices they make in regards to their child's habits. Ultimately, the next step is the community working together to improve the health of children in Evanston, Wyoming. Conclusions We FIT together provides health education to parents and children and adds more exercise into the student's day in a way that could improve their health, mood, and retention of material. WFT forged a team of parents, educators, and physicians to work toward decreasing childhood obesity and making a difference in the health of these children.


S HORTLY AFTER the announcement by Prime Minister John Grey Gorton 0 on February io, i969, that Sir Paul M. C. Hasluck was resigning as Australia's minister for external affairs in order to become his country's new governor-general, and that his place would be taken by the Air Minister, Gordon Freeth, a leading Australian daily commented: "It is difficult to escape the feeling that the calibre of the Government as it now stands is the weakest it has been for many years."' The editorial's reaction was a common one in Australia, but it was perhaps less the news of Sir Paul Hasluck's departure-which had already been rumored for days-and more his replacement by the relatively unknown Mr. Freeth that occasioned the greater public concern. Mr. Freeth's "ministerial record is as publicly unimpressive as his performance as a party infighter," one typical press comment put it.2 "Cronyism" was the terse comment of the Leader of the Opposition, Gough Whitlam, on Freeth's appointment. Whitlam's reaction reflects a common belief that the close friendship between Gorton and Freeth (the latter is considered one of the ruling Liberal party's chief "hatchetmen" and is known to be a member of the so-called "cocktail cabinet," the small circle of confidents who regularly meet for drinks with Gorton in the whip's room of parliament) had been normative in the latter's elevation to the External Affairs post. Such views, however, tend to ignore the context both of Hasluck's departure and Freeth's appointment, and they do less than justice to the quiet, but nonetheless profound, reassessment and reorientation of Australian relations with the United States and Asian nations that has taken place since Gorton succeeded the late Harold Holt as prime minister in January i968. A vigorous reconsideration of established Australian foreign policy assumptions is a major facet of Gorton's much discussed "new nationalism," and


This study investigated the simultaneous effects of electrolytes, NaCl and MgCl2 electrolytes, individually and as a mixture, and pH on a homologous series of imidazolium nano-Gemini surface-active ionic liquids (GSAILs), [C4im-Cm-imC4][Br2], where m = 2, 4, and 6. These can improve the properties of the crude oil–water system and consequently enhance the oil recovery. The results precisely revealed that interfacial tension (IFT) and critical micelle concentration were initially decreased with electrolyte concentration up to 55.7 and 58.6%, respectively, in comparison to the salt-free condition, followed by a slight increase. Moreover, adjusting the pH can provide a further improvement so that 79.2% IFT reduction is attained at pH 9.5 compared to that at the natural pH and that GSAILs show high stability in the pH range of 2.5–9.5. Meanwhile, aqueous solutions of crude oil and electrolyte presented 1 day emulsification indices within 43–53%, followed by minor changes after 1 week. Interestingly, the emulsification index of 77.1% was attained at pH 9.5. Surface wettability was also favorably altered from oil-wet to water-wet with the nanoGSAILs. The findings of this study help gain a better understanding of the effects of nanosurface active materials to improve oil extraction under reservoir conditions.


Dempster-Shafer(D-S) evidence theory has been widely used in data fusion systems.A method based on the weighted D-S evidence theory was proposed for target recognition in the distributed multi-sensor system.First,the analysis of the system's formation model showed that the decision credibility of a sensor was jointly determined by two elements,namely the degree of support and the distance between it and the target.As the decision credibility can be presented by the corresponding weight of the weighted D-S evidence theory,it was obtained by a formula based on the two elements.Finally,the encouraging experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.


Free radicalis atom or molecule that has unpaired electrons, very reactive and can
causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in the body leads to several diseases such
as cancer, atherosclerosis, coronary disease, and autoimmune diseases. Oxidative
stress can be inhibited by substances called antioxidants. Mango (Mangifera
indica L. ) leaves from Gedong varieties has a potential as a source of natural
antioxidants. This study aims to isolate the antioxidant compounds present in the
ethanol fraction of mango leaf (Gedong var.) using column chromatography and
test its antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay.
Extraction and fractination was carried out using n-hexane : ethyl acetate :
ethanol. Ethanol fraction was then isolated by column chromatography with silica
gel 60 as stationary phase and chloroform : acetone : formic acid as mobile phase.
Qualitative analysis to test the presence of antioxidant compounds was carried out
using thin layer chromatography, followed by DPPH spraying. The positive
isolates from DPPH spraying were classified into isolate A, B, and C based on
their Rf value. Further study was conducted on ethanol fraction, isolate A, isolate
B, and isolate C with DPPH assay to determine the IC50 value. The result showed
that IC50 value of ethanol fraction was 18.972 ppm, while isolate A, isolate B,
and isolate C were 9.280 ppm, 27.753 ppm and 37.837 ppm, respectively, in
comparison to vitamin C (8.010 ppm) as a positive control. Kruskal-wallis
(p≤0.05) indicated a significant difference in each sample group. Mann Whitney
test showed that isolate A has antioxidant ability that is comparable to vitamin C.


Objective To study x-ray sign in DR plain flilm of ulnar impaction syndrome and evaluate value of DR exam- ine in ulnar impaction syndrome.Methods To select 16 eases with ulnar side wrist pain that ulnar impaction syndrome were diagnosed by arthroscopy,to analyze its'x-ray sign and x-ray measurement in DR plan flilm.Results Positive ulnar variance was found in 11 cases,the range of positive ulnar variance was 1 mm to 3.6 mm and the average ulnar variance was 2.2 mm, neutral ulnar variance was found in 3 cases and negative ulnar variance was found in 2 cases,the range of negative ulnar vari- ance was 1.4 mm to 2 mm and the,average ulnar variance was 1.7 mm,3 cases of neutral ulnar varianceand 2 cases of negative ulnar varianc were dispalied positive ulnar variance in dynamic view.bone necrosis of lunate accompaniment of triquetrum was presented in 3 cases,and 5 cases lunate bone necrosis and 1 eases triquetrum bone necrosis was found in 16 cases.Conclu- sion Positive ulnar variance and secondary of bone necrosis of lunate and triquetrum have important value of diagnosis in ulnar impaction syndrome.


BACKGROUND/AIM
To gain insight into the special issues confronting parents when accessing early intervention for children with physical disabilities where child and/or family characteristics indicate complex needs within the unique Australian context.

METHODS
Qualitative interviews with families receiving early intervention for their children with physical disabilities (N=10). Families with complex circumstances such as having children with high support needs, those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and single-parent families were recruited to the study. Families where parents had mental or health issues, parents/other family members had an identified disability, and/or where families lived in regional or rural locations were also purposively sampled.

RESULTS
Participants highlighted issues around (i) the nature of early intervention services provided; (ii) the ways in which services were structured; and (ii) managing their child's needs/planning into the future. Parents stressed the importance of having access to a variety of early intervention services aside from therapy. They also emphasised the need for greater clarity about what to expect from services, the intensity of therapy, other services they could access and how long they would be able to receive these.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite their complex circumstances and needs, participants' experiences of accessing early intervention services were largely consistent with the broader research literature. Of the parents interviewed, those with health problems and single mothers expressed most apprehension about managing their child's needs and planning for the future.


Water The Mekong River in Pre-Colonial and Colonial History War The Mekong River in the Indochina Wars President Johnson's Mekong Enterprise From War to Peace And Peace The Greater Mekong Region Epilogue.


The aim of the present study was to formulate pulsatile release film coated tablet of zaltoprofen for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Initially solubility of zaltoprofen was enhanced by formulating self emulsifying fast disintegrating tablet of zaltoprofen. Core fast disintegrating tablet of zaltoprofen was coated with ethyl cellulose and eudragit L100 in various proportions as coating polymer. Ethanol was used as coating solvent and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer. Film coated tablet with different coating levels were formulated and were evaluated for parameters like lag time, rupture time, in vitro dissolution etc. Amongst the nine different formulations P-4 formulation containing 3:1 ratio of ethyl cellulose and eudragit L100 with 5% coating level gives desired lag time with best drug dissolution profile. Formulated film coated tablet of zaltoprofen can be useful for chronotherapeutic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.


By examining the continuities of esoteric Buddhist ritual culture across the broad sweep of Buddhist movement from India to Japan, I intend in this essay to work against the grain of the organizational structure of this collection. The dominant mapping for both religious studies and Buddhist studies remains primarily geo-cultural, an organizational principle that is, understandably, reinforced by the demands of language specialization, and it provides the organizing rubric for this volume—China, Korea, Japan.1 Like all such organizing systems, however, the benefits of grouping some things together comes at the cost of keeping other things apart. Perhaps at least partly in response to the tendencies toward essentializing religion into geo-culturally defined "traditions," recent scholarship has tended to focus close attention on specific contextualizing factors, including geographic, cultural, social, historical, literary, economic, and artistic. Within the geo-cultural framework, the intent for this collection has been to emphasize context and define locale. Once close attention to context comes to be taken for granted, however, it is in danger of losing its function as a critical corrective and results in the collection of a great deal of isolated information—all trees, no forest. Dialectically, at this point, this approach is in need of its own critical corrective. Attention to the historical continuity of ritual praxis2 across


Structural differences between the heavy chain of membrane IgD (Bin) and the heavy chain of secreted IgD (8s) were investigated by using a human lymphoblastoid cell line that expresses idiotypically identical IgM and IgD. In a wheat germ cell-free system, mRNA from this cell line was shown to encode two distinct 8 chains that differed in molecular weight. When translated in vitro in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomal membranes or when synthesized in vivo, these two 8 chains were processed to four discrete glycosylated forms, all of which shared idiotypic determinants, C region determinants, and light chain linkage. As shown by digestion with endo-8-N-acetylglucosamin-idase H, these four 8 forms represent two 8 polypeptide chains that are differentially N-glycosylated. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that, after endo-,3-N-acetylglucosaminidase H treatment, S. has a higher molecular weight than 8s. After in-tegration into dog pancreatic microsomal membranes in vitro, Am was found not to have a large cytoplasmic domain exposed to pro-teolytic digestion. The finding that Sm and 8s


and Applied Analysis 3 it exists) with the property that, given any ε > 0, there is a neighborhood U ⊂ T of t such that 󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨f (σ (t)) − f (s) − f Δ (t) [σ (t) − t] 󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨 ≤ ε |σ (t) − s| , ∀s ∈ U. (7) Lemma 6 (see [12]). Assume that p(t) ≥ 0 for t ≥ 0. Then e p (t, s) ≥ 1. Lemma 7 (see [12]). Suppose that p ∈ R. Then (i) e p (t, s) > 0 for all t, s ∈ T ; (ii) if p(t) ≤ q(t) for all t ≥ s, t, s ∈ T , then e p (t, s) ≤ e q (t, s) for all t ≥ s. Lemma 8 (see [12]). Suppose that p ∈ R and a, b, c ∈ T ; then [e


We consider a grid-based deployment scheme in which keys are predistributed in sensor nodes following a transversal design. This scheme was first proposed by Ruj, Maitra, and Roy in [19]. In their scheme the RF region was considered to be the a square of appropriate dimension. In this article, we consider the RF region to be the Lee sphere of appropriate radius. This is a better approximation than the square RF region and all calculations of connectivity and resiliency is done with respect to this parameter.


Aiming at the dead spots for artificial potential field method,and the more complex problems of local obstacles environment,taking fuzzy logic and improved artificial potential field's combination method,the parallel processing structure was presented,combining a fuzzy controller with artificial potential.Based on the static target position and obstacle distance information from ultrasonic sensors,the path planning of the artificial potential field in a stable environment and the fuzzy controller in a dangerous environment are realized,and the mobile robot can arrive at the scheduled target.And the Mobotsim simulation software verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.


S v 0 bod 0 v a Z., v. Pia c k a, B. V Y k u s 0 v a, 1. M Ii c h 0 v a, M. H e j t man e k, M. H r b k 0 v a, J. Bas t I: Residues of Pollutants in Siluriformesfrom Various Localities of the Czech Republic. Acta vet. Bmo 1995,64: 195-208. Tissues (muscle, kidney, liver, gonads) were investigated for residues of pollutants in wels (Silu rus glanis) from 6 large ponds (Bezdrev, Spolsky, Kaclehy, Vrko<:, NovoveskY, Bezruc), from Labe river and from the OrUk reservoir and in brown bullhead (lctalurus nebulosus) from the river Labe. Thirty and 10 individuals of wels were investigated from ponds and the Orlik reservoir, respecti vely, and 2 individuals from the river Labe. Thirty five individuals of bullhead were investigated from various localities of the Labe. Among pollutants, metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, AI), PCBs as amount of technical mixtures used in .the Czech Republic (Delor 103 and Delor 106) and as 7 indicator congeners (K28, K52, KIOI, K118, K153, K138, KI80), DDT and its metabolities, HCB, HCH isomers, triazines (atrazine, simazine, prometryne, desmetryne, terbutryne) were assessed. The values of individual pollutants found in tissues of wels from ponds were very low and corres ponded to hygienic limits in all cases. On the other hand, much higher values of pollutant residu es (Hg and PCB) were found in wels from the OrUk reservoir, and they exceeded the hygienic limit in some cases (PCB). Values of pollutant residues found in bullhead fished from various localiti es of the Labe were also increased. Above all, PCB and mercury values exceeded valid hygienic limit of the Czech Republic in some cases. Wels and brown bullhead proved to be important indicators of loading of various localities of surface waters with investigated pollutants. Wels as a predator and brown bullhead as an omnivo rous and benthophagous fish are important indicators of loading of surface waters with mercury. The muscles of wels are besides those of eel (Anguilla anguilla) one of the most important indica tors for the evaluation of surface waters loading with polychlorinated biphenyls. Silurus glanis, Ictalurus nebulosus, pond, Labe river, OrUk reservoir, mercury, metals, PCBs, indicator congeners, DDT, BCB, BCB, triazines


By Morris S. Viteles, Ph.D. Instructor in Psychology, University of Pennsylvania The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationship between the scientific study of vocations and vocational guidance. It serves, also, as an introduction to the two studies of vocations presented in this number of the Psychological Clinic. These studies were prepared under the direction of the author and represent contributions from the Psychological Laboratory and Clinic of the Univeisity of Pennsylvania in the direction of scientific vocational guidance. Much has been written on the methods of job analysis and on the application of these methods in the selection of competent workers and in the development of efficiency on the part of workers in industry. Job analysis has been defined as1 ''the dissection of each particular job into the component parts in relation to the qualifications of the worker responsible for its performance. In a recent issue of The Psychological Clinic2 the author has discussed the application of job analysis in the selection and guidance of workers in a large industrial organization and has presented a technique for use in the analysis of jobs and a terminology to be applied in the description of the mental abilities required for


The present study was conducted to determine the partition coefficient of permethrin. The log Pow was calculated for the permethrin from the calibration curve generated from log k versus log Pow (capacity factor) of seven known reference compounds. Reference compounds and test item k values were generated using an HPLC equipped with Phenomenox C 18 column. The isocratic HPLC method used in the study consisted of a mobile phase of methanol/HPLC water (90:10) on a reverse phase Phenomenox C 18 column. Since, test item resulted in two peak areas permethrin-P 1 and permethrin-P 2 , when analysed in HPLC, the calculation of weighted average log Pow was adopted and the weighted average log P ow value of test item was found to be 5.88 ±0.001.  2016 Trade Science Inc. INDIA


The aims of this study are: to find out how students' previous aesthetic knowledge, visual perception and hand-eye coordination experiences affect academic success in the Faculty of Fine Arts; and to compare the academic success of the students who entered the faculty by aptitude test with students who entered the faculty only university exam score without aptitude test.In this study, literature search, qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques were used. The universe of the study included the graduates who were accepted by the faculty by taking drawing aptitude test and also students who  entered the program only by university exam score without aptitude test.  The sample of the research included 23 aptitude test takers and 39 non aptitude test takers. The drawing course academic grades were compared between those test takers and non-test-takers. It was found that aptitude test takers were much more successful in drawing class than the respondents who entered the school without aptitude tests. In conclusion, for the art schools the talent exam should be required in order to educate better students.

Keywords: Visual perception, aptitude test, art education, drawing.


Objective to investigate the expression and the clinical significance of in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods the expression of α-tubulin in 91 cases of NSCLC paraffin specimens were assessed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray technique,and the correlations with clinicopathologic findings and survival were statistically analyzed.Results the α-tubulin is widely expressed in the patients ≤55 years is significantly higher than that in patients 55 years(χ2=6.267,P=0.012),cytoplasm of NSCLC tissues with a over expression rate of 38.46%(35/91);the over expression were shown significantly higher in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ than in stage Ⅲ(χ2=4.280,P=0.039) and squamous cancer than in adenocarcinoma(χ2=4.067,P=0.044).However,there is no significant relationship between the expression level of α-tubulin and gender,smoking history,the tumor size or the stage of lymphatic metastasis(P0.05).There is no significant difference in prognosis between the patients with over expression of α-tubulin and the patients with lower exprssion of α-tubulin as a whole,whereas the survival of the patients ≤55 years with over expression of α-tubulin or patients with squamous carcinoma is significantly better than that of lower expression cases.Conclusion the α-tubulin is widely expressed in NSCLC and the over expression of α-tubulin is significantly correlated with the age,tumor staging and pathological type as well as the clinical prognosis of patients.


The purpose of this research is to get predictions of rice prices. Linear regression is used  as a method of predicting rice prices in the next X(t) period. In this study, the actual rice price Y(t) is the effect variable and the time period is the causal variable. The linear regression equation obtained is Y'=13562.561+9.041958X. Testing the accuracy of the prediction results was carried out using RMSE with a value of 0.126. The prediction of rice prices using the linear regression method can be said to be in the very good category, it can be seen that the RMSE value is very small in the test and meets the standard.


Present study was undertaken to investigate the significance of relationship between alienation and emotional intelligences among urban adolescents. A sample of 200 adolescents was selected randomly from four Government senior secondary schools of urban areas of Ludhiana district of Punjab. A self constructed alienation scale (2014) and Emotional intelligence scale by Mangal and Mangal (2004) were used to collect the data. The results of the study revealed significant negative relation between the alienation and emotional intelligence.


Pure tubular carcinomas (TC) of the breast are generally considered to have an excellent prognosis. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and survival of patients with TC.


We synthesize an iron-doped PbTe single-crystal ingot and investigate the phase and the elemental composition as well as galvanomagnetic properties in weak magnetic fields (4.2 K≤T≤300 K, B ≤ 0.07 T) of Pb1−yFeyTe alloys upon varying the iron content, at atmospheric pressure and under hydrostatic compression up to 10 kilobars. We find an increase of iron concentration along the length of the ingot and the appearance of microscopic inclusions enriched with iron in the heavily doped samples. Lightly doped alloys are characterized by the p-type metal conductivity. An increase of the iron impurity content leads to a decrease in the free hole concentration, a stabilization of galvanomagnetic parameters, indicating the pinning of the Fermi energy by the iron resonant impurity level lying under the bottom of the valence band, and to the p-n inversion of the conductivity type. Under pressure, the free hole concentration in the sample, in which the stabilization of galvanomagnetic parameters takes place, increases...


Since procaine was first synthesized in 1905, local anesthetics have been universally accepted as an effective way to abolish pain. This historical discovery led to advancements in dentistry that continue to this day.


In order to be able to deal with objects human beings need to have name tags for them and to classify them in discrete boxes. It is primarily for this reason that miospore taxa are named using Linnaean-style Latinized binomial nomenclature, a system formally governed by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). The purpose of formal nomenclature is to provide a precise, simple and stable system of unique names that can be used by scientists all over the world. This system must allow for expansion and refinement to accommodate increases in knowledge (see T


Tropical estuarine fishes are inextricably linked with mangroves, which are the dominant vegetation of tropical and subtropical estuaries. Among the most productive of aquatic areas and heavily exploited, their future may depend upon ecosystem understanding. This paper reviews diversity, dependence, and connectivity between mangroves and fisheries in the light of data from previously unstudied systems in developing countries and new approaches in developed countries. Fish diversity in mangroves varies at global, latitudinal, regional, local and habitat scales, and species composition in any one system represents the combined influences of factors operating at each of these scales. Mangrove dependence paradigms require critical evaluation as new data become available and as catches and mangrove areas decline. Although it is a widely held dogma that mangroves are essential for fish populations, most evidence is circumstantial. Therefore experimental and quantitative studies are needed to support arguments that the value of retaining mangroves exceeds that of their destruction. Mangroves are the dominant vegetation and one of the most characteristic habitats of tropical and subtropical estuaries. Their approximate distribution is bounded north and south of the equator by the 20 °C isotherm. The more than 80 species of mangroves form forests and stands varying in complexity from single species fringes in most subtropical estuaries to multi-species forests covering many square kilometers in tropical systems. Some mangrove forests in the tropics have a complex zonation, may contain upwards of 17 species of trees (Hutchings and Saenger, 1987), and are very dense with many prop roots. The largest mangrove forests with greatest diversity occur in southeast Asia, northern Australia, and northeast South America. Any discussion of fishes in tropical inshore and estuarine areas is inextricably linked with mangroves, areas of high fish species diversity and complex interrelationships. More than 200 species of fish can occur in any one mangrove estuary of the tropical Indo-West Pacific, with somewhat fewer, although still more than 100, in tropical East Atlantic and neotropical estuaries (Blaber, 2000). These systems are among the most productive on the planet (Costanza et al., 1997) and hence are heavily exploited by man. The present total worldwide area of mangroves has been estimated at < 150,000 km2 (FAO, 2003), but this represents only about 40% of the original cover. Many countries, such as Thailand, Philippines, and Ecuador, have lost far more than 50% of their mangroves; Singapore only has 0.5% of their mangroves remaining (Sasekumar and Wilkinson, 1994). One of the major factors in the loss of estuarine habitat in the subtropics and tropics has been the destruction of huge areas of mangroves for aquaculture, timber, and industrial developments. Most mangrove systems in the tropics are in developing countries where fisheries are heavily exploited and issues of food security usually override management and conservation considerations. There is now the realization that for sustainable management to be successful humans must be included as part of the tropical estuarine ecosystem (Fig. 1) (Blaber, 2005). BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 80, NO. 3, 2007 458 Fi gu re 1 . I ss ue s of d iv er si ty , d ep en de nc e, a nd d og m a in m an gr ov e ec os ys te m s ar e sh ow n in t he p ai nt in g M an gr ov e F or es t W et la nd b y C hi le an a rt is t M on ic a G ut ie rr ez -Q ua rt o (w w w .g ut ie rr ez -q ua rt og al le ry .c om ). U se d w it h pe rm is si on f ro m t he a rt is t an d co ur te sy o f th e M an gr ov e A ct io n P ro je ct ( w w w . m an gr ov ea ct io np ro je ct .o rg ). BLABER: MANGROVES AND FISHES—DIVERSITY, DEPENDENCE, AND DOGMA 459 Against this background there is increasing concern about the future integrity and sustainable management of mangrove systems and their associated fishes. The need to understand the interrelationships between mangroves and fishes is now greater than ever, not only for sustainable fisheries management reasons, but for overall management of the exploitation or conservation of mangrove forests. Such understanding involves a number of concepts, particularly those concerning (1), the varying diversity of mangrove-associated fishes and the major influences causing differences among fish faunas of mangrove systems; (2), the various paradigms about estuarine or mangrove dependence of fishes and their validity; and (3), the relationships between mangroves and fisheries production. Each of these three points will be re-examined in this paper in the light of new data, especially from previously unstudied systems in developing countries and new approaches in developed countries. Relationships Between Mangroves and Fish Species Diversity.—The diversity of fishes in mangroves varies significantly at a number of scales; global, latitudinal, regional, local, and among habitats within individual systems. The number of species in a system represents the combined influences of factors operating at each of these scales. It is necessary to examine the role of each of these scales because the species composition in any one place is the result of their combined influences, and results in every system being unique. At a global scale, in terms of the world's major zoogeographic regions, the highest diversities are found in the tropical Indo-West Pacific, a huge area stretching from the coast of East Africa to the central Pacific, where upwards of 600 species have been recorded in mangrove estuaries and many individual systems may have as many as 200 species (Table 1). The high diversity decreases latitudinally away from the equatorial "core area" (sensu Blaber, 2000) in southeast Asia, but larger sub-tropical mangrove systems still contain at least 100 species. The mangroves of the Tropical East Atlantic region along the West African coast have somewhat fewer species, but are still relatively rich, with larger estuaries such as the Senegal, having more than 130 species and smaller systems such as the Fatala in Guinea about 100 species. The Tropical West Atlantic region from the Gulf of Mexico to northern South America has similar numbers of species, with most open estuaries in the equatorial region containing at least 100 species. There is some attenuation away from the equator, although species numbers are more influenced by size and type of system rather than by latitude (Table 1). At a regional level, species composition is influenced mainly by habitat diversity, structure, and hydrology. For example, a comparison of the large Embley and Norman estuaries, both in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, reveals that the former has twice as many species. The Norman has a narrow fringe of mangroves, soft muddy substrata, a large tidal range (> 4 m), extremes of salinity, and high current speeds, whereas the Embley has a broad range of habitats, including extensive mangrove forests, a variety of substrata, and less extreme hydrological conditions (Blaber et al., 1994). The possible influences on species composition of extensive mangrove forests vs smaller fringing mangroves is illustrated by the Matang and Merbok estuaries in West Malaysia. The former has large and diverse mangrove forests covering many square kilometers, while in the latter, large tracts of mangroves have been removed and there are now only fringing stands of mangroves. The Matang system has at least 117 species while about half this number have been recorded in the Merbok (Khoo, 1989; Chong et al., 1990; Sasekumar et al., 1994; Hayase and Fadzil, 1999). Although the numbers of species in BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 80, NO. 3, 2007 460 these two systems are different, the dominant families in both are the Ariidae and Sciaenidiae. However, the order of abundance of species in these families is quite different in the two estuaries, especially among the Sciaenidae. Table 1. Numbers of species recorded from different types of mangrove systems (O = open, B = blind, CL = coastal lake) in the four major zoogeographic regions (modified from Blaber, 2000). System Country Type and size No. of spp. Source


The synthesis of well-defined, nearly monodisperse, 4-miktoarm (from the Greek word μικτο meaning mixed) star co- and quaterpolymers of the A 2 B 2 and ABCD types, is described. A is polystyrene, B polybutadiene, C polyisoprene, and D poly(4-methylstyrene). The synthetic approach involves the reaction of tetrachlorosilane with the active chain end centers of the first arm under conditions unfavorable to chain coupling or linking, followed by a stoichiometric addition (titration) of the living polymer of the second or the third arm, and finally by an excess of the living polymer of the last arm. The sequence of addition of the different living polymers and the monitoring of the progress of the linking reaction by SEC are the key for successful synthesis


Abstract This paper provides evidence on managerial motives for raising equity by examining long-run performance and insider trading around canceled and completed seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). Insider selling increases prior to competed and canceled SEOs, but declines afferward only for canceled offerings. For completed SEOs, pre-filing insider trading is related to long-run performance after completion. For Canceled sEOs, pre-filing insider trading is related to stock performance between filing and cancellation. Finally, changes in dence is consistent with insiders exploiting windows of opportunity by attempting to issue overvalued equity and by canceling the issue when the market reaction to the announcement eliminates the overvaluation.


During the years of reform and opening-up, the private sector of the economy has a high-speed development In the mean time of having made great progress of establishing trade unions in private enterprises, the trade unions still face many new problems Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new path of trade union work and unionize workers in private enterprises as many as possible


In order to Ganquan tunnel as an example introduced the Loess Tunnel Typical Rocky and appropriate excavation construction technology. Early lining and secondary lining, waterproofing and drainage, and monitoring measurement and advanced geological prediction of key construction processes are described and summarized.


Based on the overhead lines and outdoor switchgear operation and maintenance, it is known that contamination and subsequent moisturizing of the insulators surface lead to the surface discharge development and consequently discharge voltage of the insulators is reduced. It is necessary to ensure uniform distribution of the voltage applied in the axial direction of the insulation when designing suspension insulator string. The article examines the moisturizing influence and coatings applied on the area of the greatest electric field non-uniformity on the voltage distribution along a contaminated suspension string of glass insulators. Four coatings are considered: silicon sealant, insulating varnish, insulating enamel and epoxy conductive glue. The test phase voltage, assumed to be 115/V3kV in the present research, is varied in steps of 2.5% from 80% to 120%. The number of insulators in the suspension string is varied from 13 to 9. The dependencies of voltage distribution non-uniformity factor on applied test voltage are obtained. Conclusions about the proposed coatings performance for the contaminated suspension insulator string under study are drawn.


The chemical components and their pharmacological effects of Hedyotis herbacea Willd were compiled. Anthraquinones, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, organic acids, and polysaccharides are all recognised components of this plant. Hedyotis herbacea Willd has been shown to exhibit a range of pharmacologically significant properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, antioxidative, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant ones.
KEYWORDS- Hedyotis herbacea, anti-inflammatory, flavonoids, Anti mutagenesis, Hepatoprotective activity


In 2008, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation approved the "Development Education Strategy for Spanish Cooperation", a document written as a result of a participative process that establishes the guidelines to be followed by all the actors involved in cooperation: The General State Authorities, Autonomous Communities, Local Authorities, NGDO's, universities, companies, trade unions and other civil society organisations. The Strategy was set up to raise Spanish citizens' awareness of the need to fight against poverty and promote human and sustainable development. The first Strategic Guideline of this document is to provide Development Education with specific mechanisms and instruments so that it can be included in the strategic scope of Spanish Cooperation policies. To this end, the Strategy establishes that the competent educational institutions shall be encouraged, within their scope of competence, to incorporate Development Education into the education system and promote activities to consolidate it within the field of formal education. In 2008, this objective prompted the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation and what was then known as the Ministry of Education, Social Policy and Sports to set up a cooperation process whereby the Development Education Programme was created. This paper covers the main points of the Programme: The National Development Education Award, The Teachers Congress "Building Bridges" and the corresponding training. More than 250 teachers from all over Spain have taken part in this programme over the three years that it has been held. The author of this paper was in charge of designing and organising this programme.


This article introduces a method of using I2C element which are produced by integrative digital and analog mixed processor named PSOC to realize data communication between host node and slave node.The host node carries out the information exchange with the upper computer via the universal serial bus UART.It fulfills the functions of the protocol converter by converting the data to the format that the slave nodes can accept via the I2C interface.After receiving commands and data from the host node,the host node decrypts the commands,collects the data from the sensor and deal with the information.In the following steps,it transmits the data to the host node while it drives and controls the peripherals from current node.For the merits of simple structure,powerful functions,graphical integrated development environment for schematic design,API functions and interrupt support,it is a promising approach to I2C measurement control network.


Two versions of the hidden variables theorem are presented with minimum hypotheses. The second is intended to be an answer to a question raised by Jauch and Mackey regarding the existence of approximately dispersion‐free states.


We present an experimental study of the propagation of the THz Zenneck surface wave on an aluminum sheet, now more commonly denoted as the THz surface plasmon (TSP). Here, the TSP pulse is generated by coupling the THz pulse from a metal parallel-plate waveguide onto the aluminum sheet; the propagated TSP pulse is detected at the output end of the sheet using a standard photoconductive dipole antenna. We separate the associated free-space THz pulse from the TSP pulse using a curved sheet. The observed weakly guided TSP propagation has the expected low group velocity dispersion, but also has anomalously high attenuation and much tighter binding to the metal surface than predicted by Zenneck theory.


Cluster analysis is a crucial and powerful tool for exploring and discovering the underlying structures in data. Among other approaches, the fuzzy c-means algorithm is the most well-known fuzzy clustering method. Recently, Tran and Wagner proposed a fuzzy entropy clustering method as an alternative to the fuzzy c-means. While the fuzzy c-means controls the degree of fuzziness and the membership function through the weighting exponent, the fuzzy entropy clustering method controls those by adjusting the ¿parameter. In this work, we present a modified form of Tran andWagner's method using a different definition of distance measure that is involved with the Euclidean distance and its higher-order terms. The proposed scheme adds more degrees of freedom in controlling the clustering results through two extra parameters, a1 and a2. We have explicitly derived the formulae for updating the fuzzy partition matrix and the cluster centers. A theoretical analysis on the resulting membership functions has also been carried out. Examples are given to demonstrate the clustering results of the presented scheme for different combinations of input parameters.


The Travelling community are an indigenous ethnic group of Irish people with a distinct culture and history of nomadism. Travellers differ from the general population in many aspects, including their lifestyle, culture and treatment by society (1) . Based on the most recent census (2006) it is estimated there are 22 435 Travellers in Ireland, of these, 50.8% (11 398) are aged £ 18 years (2) . The health status of Travellers is poor in comparison with the general population (3) , but there is little information about Travellers' dietary habits. Further-more, there appear to be no published studies investigating the diet of Traveller children in Ireland. Thus, data from the 2006 Irish HBSC Survey were employed to investigate reported food behaviour of school-going Traveller children. The overall aim of the HBSC survey is to gain insight into and improve the understanding of the health behaviour and well-being of children and adolescents. HBSC is a school-based survey with data collected through self-completion questionnaires administered in the classroom. HBSC Ireland collected data in 2006 from children aged 9–18 years in primary and post-primary schools ( n 10334). Ethical approval was granted for the study and consent was obtained from schools, parents and children. Children who reported they were a member of the Travelling community ( n 233) were matched with children from the general HBSC sample according to age, gender and socio-economic status. Where possible children were matched within the same classroom and thereafter within the same school. Diet and related lifestyle variables were analysed and compared using c 2 tests.


Placebo controls have often been used in standard clinical studies in order to minimize the effects of psychological interference.However,no ideal placebo(including false needle technique)has been designed for the purpose of acupuncture research.As a result,many of the clinical studies of acupuncture do not follow proper criteria for designing a conventional clinical trial.Understanding the differences of the placebo effect in acupuncture and pharmaceutical drug research is the key to answering this challenge.To do this,the concept of placebo,sham point,acupuncture point specificity and meridian all need to be properly considered in order to avoid a failure in clinical design.The sham points control in the previous acupuncture studies often obeyed the definition of the placebo.Being different from drugs which act upon pre-designed specific receptors,acupuncture may have various effects on multiple systems,organs and a lot of cells and receptors,multiple transmitters,hormones,etc..For this reason,the results of acupuncture treatment,such as pain relief and relaxation,have been criticized as a "placebo" effect.However,evidence from fMRI and other studies strongly suggest that acupuncture affects multiple psychological and emotional control centers of the brain,such as the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex.This may result in a series of functional modulations,which involves pain and stress management.The results suggest that the placebo effect could be induced by non-specific physical stimulation of acupuncture and may favor the patient's health recovery to a certain degree.From this point of view,acupuncture may be a unique remedy for "mind-body" disorders.The current placebo control design in clinical trials of acupuncture needs to be reevaluated.


Aphyric tholeiitic andesite lavas are interbedded with the Middle Formation of the Uonuma Group of early Pleistocene age. The aphyric andesite contains microphenocrysts of augite, h ypersthene, plagioclase and olivine, and groundmass crystals of acicular plagioclase, pigeonite and subcalcic ferroaugite and is petrographically similar to icelandite . Tholeiitic dacite is found as small fragments in lapilli tuff and as large blocks in mud flow deposit . It contains microphenocrysts of ferroaugite, ferrohypersthene and plagioclase , and groundmass crystals of acicular plagioclase and ferropigeonite. Some of the dacites contain ferrohortonolite surrounded by pigeonite grains. From whole rock compositions and mineralogy of constituent minerals , the aphyric tholeiitic andesite and dacite are thought o be differentiated from tholeiitic magma which may have nearly the same chemical composition as that of the basalt xennlith in the anhvrir -4-if.


Sharing Purposes and Responsibilities Intended to a Democratic Improvement in Education This article focuses on the relationships between a democratic improvement in edu- cation and the perspective of a joint responsibility among the different agents involved in this process. More precisely, it provides the reader with the improvement contents and policies based on the Ethics of Justice, Critical Ethics, the Ethics of Caring, the Ethics of Professionality and Democratic Community Ethics. It is from these ethical referents, which are, after all, expressions denoting a civic morality, that the joint res- ponsibility of educational establishments, families, society and public powers is deman- ded so as to secure a good education quality to all citizens.


The study aims to furnish insights on the use of new impact indexes for ex-post evaluations in the framework of the post-2020 CAP. In particular, concerning water policies, the use of economic efficiency is considered and applied to three irrigation supply systems in winegrowing farms of northern Apulia, southern Italy. Results make it possible to investigate whether and how different irrigation supply systems interact with the management of productive factors and inputs, so as to understand complex and wider impacts of policies on costs and revenues of farms in the short and long run. Economic efficiency, used as impact index, can provide useful information for assessing the multiannual performance in several post-2020 CAP contexts and in connection to the related specific objectives. In particular, this index could be applied to assess the policy performance on farm scale in connection to the supporting of viable farm income; to the enhancement of market orientation and competitiveness; to the improvement of farmers' position in the value chain; to the adoption of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures; to the preservation of natural resources; to the employment of young farmers; to the development of rural areas; to the improvement of agricultural response to community demands on food, health and animal welfare.


A method for producing an epoxy compound, at least one, and having at least 20 carbon atoms in a tungsten compound and a molybdenum compound and having one or more substituent convertible to onium salt group-containing active hydrogen-containing functional group or a salt thereof in the presence of the carbon and hydrogen peroxide having - carbon double bond compound.


Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of DR4 and DR5 in human glioblastoma.Methods: The expression of DR was determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in 34 samples of glioblastoma and 25 samples of normal brain tissue.Results: With low expression in partial normal brain cells,DR was expressed highly in all glioblastoma samples.High DR expression in glioblastoma tissue differed from low DR expression in normal brain tissue(P0.01).We also found there was not significant difference between the DR expression in mRNA level in glioblastoma tissue and that in normal brain tissue(P0.05).Conclusion: High DR expression is prevalent in glioblastoma tissue.This may contribute to the apoptosis-inducing therapy of glioblastoma.The control of DR expression lies in protein level.This may contribute to the selective induced-apoptosis of TRAIL.


Abstract : An investigation was conducted in the Langley 6- by 28-Inch Transonic Tunnel to determine the two-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of three helicopter rotor airfoils at Reynolds numbers from typical model scale to full scale at Mach numbers from about 0.35 to 0.90. The model-scale Reynolds numbers ranged from about 0.7 times 10 to the 6th power to 1.5 times 10 to the 6th power and the full-scale Reynolds numbers ranged from about 3.0 times 10 to the 6th power to 6.6 times 10 to the 6th power. The airfoils tested were the NACA 0012 (0 deg Tab), the SC 1095-R8, and the SC 1095. Both the SC 1095 and the SC 1095-R8 airfoils a had trailing-edge tabs. The results of this investigation indicate that Reynolds number effects can be significant on the maximum normal-force coefficient and all drag-related parameters; namely, drag at zero normal force, maximum normal-force--drag-ratio, and drag-divergence Mach number. In general, the increments in these parameters at a given Mach number owing to the model-scale to full-scale Reynolds number change are different for each of the airfoils. (Author)


This article examines the construction of the uncanny place in reality paranormal television. Two introductory sequences from the British programme Most Haunted (2002‐present) are analysed that investigate 'ordinary homes' to consider the way that place is
 framed. Using textual analysis, the content of these sequences, including visual, auditory and discursive signifiers, is considered to identify themes where the inversion of the ordinary and the de-stabilizing of homeliness emerged. The use of binary oppositions and representations of liminality
 are identified as frequent tropes in the production of reality paranormal television. It is argued that these elements frame places as potentially uncanny and invite the viewers to participate in the paranormal possibility of the home. The uncanny, it is concluded, forms an integral part of
 the narratives that construct reality paranormal programmes and their success at sustaining an engaged and exploratory audience.


Abstract The macrocycle-mediated flaxes of the alkali and alkaline earth metal cations have been determined in a H2O-CH2Cl2-H2O bulk liquid membrane system. Water-insoluble proton-ionizable macrocycles of the triazolo type were used. The proton-ionizable feature allows the coupling of cation transport to reverse H+ transport. This feature offers promise for the effective separation and/or concentration of alkali metal ions with the metal transport being driven by a pH gradient. A counter anion in the source phase is not co-transported. Transport of the alkali cations only occurred when the source phase pH was greater than the aqueous pKa value for the carriers. Transport increased regularly with increasing source phase pH. Transport of alkaline earth cations from neutral pH source phases was minimal. The alkali cation selectivity order was K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ > Na+ > Li+ for the l8-crown-6 sized macrocycles, while little selectivity was observed with the 15-crown-5 sized macro-cycle.


This paper explores the developmental processes about the teaching conceptions of practice teachers in mathematics. Six cases of practice teachers in different secondary schools, their mentors and students were involved in the final year study of a three-year longitudinal research project. The case study method, including classroom observations and pre and post-lesson interviews, was used as the major approach to investigate the development processes and values about their teaching conceptions. We preliminarily addressed some reasons that led the teaching conceptions of practice teachers to change, adjust or maintain. We thought that there appeared to be some implications in activating the developments of practice teachers' teaching conceptions, then to develop their professional competencies.


Wireless Sensor Networks channel exhibits significant complexity when attempting to analyse theoretically the network layer of the wireless stack. A parameter of this layer is the Packet Reception Ratio (PRR). Optimising PRR can result in transmission reliability and high throughput. Considering wireless nodes as players, we can construct game-theoretic models that can be utilised to solve transmission reception problems in a distributed nature. In this paper, we give necessary conditions to use potential game approaches with PRR utility functions.


Our mission is reflected in every decision made by our Board of Directors. While it is very appealing for organizations to try to be all things to all people, keeping the organizational mission in the forefront is essential to grow as an organization and claim our space in the broader nursing community. Our engagement with other specialty organizations is also driven by our mission—to advance nursing research. Therefore all activities and engagement of the organization—now and in the future—will be reflective of this mission. Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger described the concept of community of practice (Wenger, 1998), in which individuals engage in learning together to address shared concerns or passions. This concept is useful in reflecting on our organization. Belonging, participation, and collaboration are central to the development, function and sustainability of a community of practice. A community of practice is much more than a network of people; it connotes a sharing of values, ideas, and activity. SNRS members have a shared competence and interest that distinguishes the SNRS mission from other specialty organizations. In pursuing the development of nursing science, our members collaborate in activities, discussions, and conferences. Through SNRS, expert and novice researchers are able to learn from each other. The collegiality of members explicitly united in the common purpose of advancing nursing research and supporting each other's strengths and abilities is gratifying to experience. The fact that we come together with a shared vision gives our members a sense of joint enterprise and identity. Wenger (1998) also described membership during community development as fluid. Members are more active at different times within their career. As students and new researchers join the SNRS they have the opportunity to observe our senior scientist experts and gain knowledge on how to hone their own research knowledge and skills. The benefits of hearing current research and exchange of ideas can only strengthen our abilities as nurse scientists. Joining SNRS is one step toward engaging in our community of practice, but it is not enough. As members become familiar with SNRS, they can become more involved by serving on committees such as the Student Network, Program Planning, Awards, Bylaws, Policy and Procedures, Communications, Development, Grants, Membership, and the Succession Planning and Nominations. All members can become involved with one of the Research Interest Groups to network with other members interested in their research focus. Emerging leaders in the organization are encouraged to run for one of the eleven Board of Director positions. Becoming involved in SNRS provides exposure to other researchers who are passionate about their work and research agendas.


The Pareto front of a multi-objective optimization problem is typically very large and can only be approximated. Approximation-Guided Evolution (AGE) is a recently presented evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm that aims at minimizing iteratively the approximation factor, which measures how well the current population approximates the Pareto front. It outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms for problems with many objectives. However, AGE's performance is not competitive on problems with very few objectives. We study the reason for this behavior and observe that AGE selects parents uniformly at random, which has a detrimental effect on its performance. We then investigate different algorithm-specific selection strategies for AGE. The main difficulty here is finding a computationally efficient selection scheme which does not harm AGEs linear runtime in the number of objectives. We present several improved selections schemes that are computationally efficient and substantially improve AGE on low-dimensional objective spaces, but have no negative effect in high-dimensional objective spaces.


Within the last 24 months a number of studies that tested the efficacy of immunologic reagents in the treatment of sepsis were concluded. Among these reports were 4 studies1-4 completed on 2 anti-endotoxin monoclonal antibodies (MAb, HA-1A and E-5). These clinical trials did not generate data sufficient to support product licensure. Given the attention and expectations surrounding the anti-endotoxin MAbs, the disappointing results raised the question whether the use of anti-endotoxin antibodies in the treatment of sepsis was still a viable concept.5 The question was rendered even more relevant given the decade-old controversy surrounding the efficacy of polyclonal antibodies to endotoxin, particularly antibody to the J5 (Rc chemotype) mutant of Escherichia coli 0111:B4, a conceptual progenitor of the HA-1A and E-5 MAbs.6 In this review we shall examine whether anti-endotoxin antibodies may yet offer any therapeutic potential in the treatment of sepsis. It will be our contention that antibodies to core glycolipid will be useful adjuncts to therapy, particularly if used as part of combination immunotherapy.


The Numerical simulating System was developed with Visual Basic 6.0,for the requirement of Numeric Computing Method course.There were six procedures in the system.Each procedure had some sub-procedures,and each sub-procedure had a special function to interpret an important knowledge point in the course.


In this paper, we study a two-level supply chain composed of a supplier and a retailer with budget-constrained. A revenue-sharing contract is used to investigate supply chain coordination issue, and then we analyze the impact of spot market on coordination condition of the supply chain. We derive the optimal purchasing strategy under different scenarios, and find that the revenue-sharing contract can coordinate both the supply chain with and without spot market. The results indicate that, the portion of the per-unit revenue the supplier shares under spot market is lower than that without spot market, and the gap between the two narrows with the increase of the wholesale price. In addition, we discuss the effect of the spot price of product on the revenue-sharing contract parameters, and provide several numerical examples to demonstrate our finds.


A control device for a power supply control system comprises a main power supply for storing power from a power generator and supplying power to a load and an electrical double layer capacitor for storing power from the power generator and the main power supply. The electrical double layer capacitor has at least a first charging state region and a second charging state region that is higher than the first charging state region. During driving of the power generator, a control means operates a DC/DC converter in a charging mode. During the normal time of the main power supply, the control means controls the power supply control system so that power is supplied from the main power supply according to a load, and operates the DC/DC converter in a discharging mode and uses the second charging state region to perform control so that an auxiliary power supply assists in supplying the power. During the failure time of the main power supply, the control means operates the DC/DC converter in the discharging mode and uses the first and second charging state regions to perform control so that the auxiliary power supply assists in supplying the power.


An electrical connection device used for electrical measurement of an object to be inspected has a support member and a planar probe substrate. On one side of the probe substrate, there are provided a large number of probes that are in contact with electrical connection terminals of the object to be electrically inspected. On the other side of the probe substrate, there are provided a fixation portion having in its top a screw hole opening, a tubular spacer penetrating through the support member, and a threaded member penetrating through the spacer and whose forward end is screwed into the screw hole in the fixed portion. Movement of the spacer in the axial direction of the support member is restricted by restriction means. The spacer has a head portion mounted at its lower surface on the other side of the support member, and also has a trunk. The trunk has one end continuous to the head portion, is inserted into a through hole formed in the support member, and has the other end made to be in contact with the top surface of the fixation portion. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


Recent years have witnessed a growth in the interdisciplinary study of collective memory, especially in relation to the Shoa.1 In this chapter, recent trends in the universalization and "Europeanization of the Holocaust" as a negative founding myth of post-1945 Europe will be discussed – as well as their tense relation to the new postcommunist national narratives in Eastern Europe. This will be accomplished through the case study of Croatia – a seldom example of a country that had been running death camps on its own in World War II besides the Third Reich. Thus, "European memory standards" and their focus on the individual victim will be addressed. Last, but not least, I will discuss whether these standards apply differently at the center of this development and at its periphery, for example in Ukraine.


Recently, social network service is developing rapidly as technology changes with new mobile dimensions and features creating positive opportunities and benefits to all users and companies. Social network services are allowing companies to expand their businesses and brands by utilizing it as a marketing tool to reach customers. This research is intended to identify major online social network services and their trends while enhancing the understanding of food service business expansion through social networking.


686 (22.5%) out of 3047 naval recruits from all parts of Norway showed positive reactions (induration greater than or equal to 2 mm) when tested with the toxoplasmin cutaneous test (TcT). The highest frequency of positive TcT was found in the south-western part of the country (34.7%). The frequency was low in the inland of Southern Norway (13.6%), and especially low in the northern part of the country (9.5%).


| Background: Higher survival rates for breast cancer patients have led to concerns in dealing with shortand long-term side effects. The most common complications are impairment of shoulder functions, pain, lymphedema, and dysesthesia of the injured arm; psychological consequences concern: emotional distress, anxiety, and depression, thereby, deeply impacting/affecting daily living activity, and health-related quality of life. Objective: To perform a systematic review for assessing the efficacy or effectiveness of interventions aiming at improving health-related quality of life, return to daily activity, and correct lifestyles among breast cancer patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted in December 2016 using the databases PubMed and Scopus. Search terms included: (counseling) AND (breast cancer) AND (quality of life). Articles on counseling interventions to improve quality of life, physical and psychological outcomes were included. Results: Thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. The interventions were grouped in five main areas: concerning lifestyle counseling interventions, related to combined interventions (physical activity and nutritional counseling), physical therapy, peer counseling, multidisciplinary approach, included psychological, psycho-educational interventions, and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). Exercise counseling as well as physical therapy are effective to improve shoulder mobility, healing wounds, and limb strength. Psychological therapies such as psychoeducation and CBT may help to realize a social and psychological rehabilitation. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach can help in sustaining and restoring impaired physical, psychosocial, and occupational outcomes of breast cancer patients. INSPIREHEALTH'S INTERPRETATION: This article reviewed counseling programs to assess if they are effective at improving health-related quality of life among breast cancer survivors. It evaluated various counseling interventions (psychological, peer, nutrition, exercise, physical therapy, and lifestyle) with a focus on returning to normal activity, improving health-related quality of life, or overall health behaviours. The 35 studies included in this review were composed of randomized controlled trials, reviews, and observational studies. This review found that lifestyle counseling improved a large number of factors that influence quality of life such as functional wellbeing, physical activity, weight loss, nutrition, mood, body image, sexuality, and fatigue. One article found that physical therapy counseling improved shoulder mobility and wound healing (via wound drainage) and that it was most effective when begun early post-operatively. The physical therapy study adds to a growing body of scientific evidence that supports the conclusion that appropriate exercise does not increase risk of lymphedema. Peer counseling was found to improve overall health-related quality of life. Psychological interventions provided improved marital satisfaction, health-related RESEARCH UPDATES 2018 VOLUME 2 FOR THE LATEST IN WORLDWIDE SUPPORTIVE CANCER CARE IN THIS ISSUE: D'Egidio and colleagues explore the impact of counseling interventions among women with breast cancer. Fan's team reviews the possible impact that an inflammatory diet may have on colorectal cancer risk. Koll et al. discuss exercise motivation interventions among older adults. Grassi and colleagues investigate the role of personcentered medicine in chronic disease conditions. And lastly, Zou et al. review the role that Tai Chi may have on attenuating bone loss. Research Updates is published quarterly to provide the latest supportive cancer care research to patients, health care providers, and the public. To support this valuable educational service, please donate at: www.inspirehealth.ca/donate INSIDE: Counseling Interventions 1 Effects of Inflammatory Diet 2 Exercise Motivation 3 Person-Centered Approach to Medicine 4 Tai Chi and Bone Loss 4


Abstract
The purpose of this research is to create Economic Development Strategy in Halal Tourism Area in Sembalun of East Lombok Regency and formulate economic development strategy by doing analysis of AHP (Analythical Hierarchy Process). How to take informants in this study using Purposive Sampling. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion that has been done before, the strategy of Economic Development of Halal Tourism Area In Sembalun, East Lombok Regency is still in the low category seen from the income of society and life is still very simple. To overcome these problems then need some strategies that are growth strategy, development strategy and equity, and strategy with insight of space. The criteria for economic development are 1) capital assistance for society (0.863) 2) IT based technology (0.819) 3) Increasing employment opportunities for the community (0.781) 4) Higher education 0.716 5) Reducing Unemployment (0.673).


The Green's function formalism in the superoperator notation is extended to admit a multiconfiguration reference state. The advantages of this more general reference state over the Hartree-Fock state are discussed. Hermiticity of the superoperators for the multiconfiguration reference state is analyzed. Explicit formulas and calculation procedures for the implementation of this Green's function theory are given and specialized to include terms consistent through second order.


This chapter addresses two key components of response burden: the outright initial nonresponse that is quite likely the result of an underlying increase in the number of surveys; and the perceived response burden, the key contributors to which can be: the appropriate moment, the perceived relevance of the survey, external pressures, respondent willingness. Some of the ways survey designers might respond to the above challenges include: first and foremost, design and conduct of a pilot study to assess the ways in which the burden to respondents can be kept at a minimum; development and use of a complexity index to estimate the likely response burden of a survey for a given person or person type; conduct of some participant observation studies; and survey designers' performance of interviewers themselves.


Abstract
Textbooks are one of the indispensable materials of educational life, even if the technology has developed, textbooks from past to present are still among the most basic building blocks of education and it can be said that they will continue in this way in the future, and in this research, social studies textbooks taught in schools in the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus are intended to be evaluated by teacher candidates for visual design principles. Alpan (2004) was used in the research, which is the visual design scale of "Graphic/Visual Design Principles Scale for Textbooks". The score of the scale is calculated as "Yes" option is calculated as 2 points, "Partially" option is calculated as 1 point and "No" option is calculated as 0 points. The data obtained as a result of the research were evaluated by scoring between 1-10. According to the result of the evaluation of the teacher candidates from the research, it was determined that the books had different levels of averages according to the scale dimensions but were quite suitable as a general line.

Keywords: Education, Social Studies, Visual Design


A facile synthesis of the title compounds is achieved by condensation of fluorinated carboxylic acids and aromatic diamines or aminothiophenols.


This project is part of a largescale campaign consisting of multiple parties working together to present a higher level of understanding of ship emissions in cooperation with the Port of Brisbane Corporation. The AVL BOOST program is employed to model the main engine (ME) of marine vessels which predicts accurate results on the emissions being expelled from the exhaust gas under various operating conditions. Ship's main marine engine performance and emission data was collected from the large bulk carrier (named Vessel II). This data was analysed and a set of performance values and emission factors were obtained. A numerical simulation was created to simulate the performance data for the Vessel II ME. Investigation was specifically carried out on the prediction of a combustion model that is used to predict the Rate of Heat Release (ROHR) during combustion. The vibe 2 zone function was used as an appropriate mathematical model to simulate the combustion of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) within the ME. A method for how the vibe function changes with a changing engine load and engine speed is discussed and a relationship between the vibe function parameters and operating conditions of Vessel II is found.


Fluorescence quenching of anthracene by aniline in five different solvents has been carried out at room temperature with a view to understand the quenching mechanisms. Experimental results show positive deviation in the Stern-Volmer plots in all the solvents studied. In order to interpret these results the ground state complex and sphere of action static quenching models have been invoked. Using these models various rate parameters have been determined. Ground state complex formation model is found not to be applicable. Using sphere of action static quenching model various rate parameters have been determined. The magnitudes of these parameters imply that sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Hence, the positive deviation in the S-V plots is attributed to the static and dynamic quenching. Further, with the use of finite sink approximation model it has been observed that these bimolecular reactions are diffusion limited. The dependence of Stern-Volmer constant on dielectric constant of the solvents suggests the charge transfer character of the excited complex.


Recent historiography has been more positive about the Wilhelmine German Empire, which long had a poor reputation. This might be partly due to the trend towards transnational history with a specific focus on transfer and exchange. This article argues that from such a perspective the re-evaluation of the German Empire may easily overshoot the mark. Focusing on a comparative study of Hamburg and London, it analyses a classic topic of transnational history—the field of science and social reform. However, by approaching it in the context of a history of security, the article provides a valuable corrective in the debate on the German Empire. It thereby also opens a new path for the history of security. Although security and knowledge are closely interrelated, this relationship has been rather neglected in the historiography. It is argued here that security concerns related to social unrest were a major factor that gave rise to the emergence of the social sciences at the turn of the 20th century. Social reformers and social scientists believed that supposedly neutral scientific knowledge was a prerequisite for resolving social conflicts. However, public acceptance of their expert status in security matters was far from self-evident. While they met fierce opposition in Hamburg, liberal and democratic traditions facilitated its acceptance in London.