Aiming at the problem that the traditional Faster RCNN target detection algorithm fails to reflect the real shape of the insulator from multiple angles and the horizontal IOU algorithm cannot classify positive and negative samples from multiple angles, an improved insulator target detection algorithm based on the traditional Faster-RCNN target detection algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, the angle parameter is added to the horizontal and vertical rectangular detection box, and the parameter is added as a training parameter to the loss function for iterative regression, which can effectively solve the problem that the conventional Faster-RCNN target detection algorithm cannot correctly reflect the insulator shape. After adding the angle parameters, the horizontal IOU algorithm is no longer suitable for the classification of positive and negative samples. Therefore, the Euclidean norm positive and negative sample classification algorithm is designed to solve this problem. The experimental analysis shows that the multi-angle detection frame with the addition of Angle parameter and the replacement of the IOU algorithm can accurately reflect the shape of insulator targets in any angle direction. Compared with the AP (46.87%) of the horizontal IOU algorithm and the AP(65.00%) of the inclined IOU algorithm, the AP(75.06%) of the proposed algorithm has better comprehensive performance.


Background
Headache-management self-efficacy has been associated with pain severity and headache-related disability.
Objective
The aim of this study was to test the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of the Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE) in a sample of patients coming from three tertiary headache centers in Brazil.
Methods
137 migraine outpatients completed the Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE) and measures of psychopathological symptoms, pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, quality of life and headache-related disability.
Results
HMSE-10 showed good reliability (α = 0.84) and adequate corrected item-total correlation, ranging from 0.46 to 0.64. HMSE-10 was positively correlated with 6 of 8 domains of overall health status and negatively correlated with psychopathological symptoms, depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, headache-related disability, headache frequency and headache intensity. The difference between the means of the episodic and chronic headache patients had a magnitude of moderate effect in all the study measures, being headache-related disability the largest one found (d = 0.68). Along with headache intensity and depression, Efficacy Scale beliefs were predictors of headache-related disability.
Conclusions
The Brazilian short version of Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE-10) was revealed as a valid and reliable measure of headache-specific Efficacy Scale beliefs.


70% of family planning clinician respondents indicated that they would prescribe oral contraceptives (OCs) to a hypothetical sexually active young teenager who wants to use OCs but has had only 1 menstrual period. Respondents emphasized that such a teenager was at very high risk of unintended pregnancy. Of the remaining clinicians who said they would not prescribe OCs in such a case, 45% cited a practice protocol requiring an established menstrual cycle. Almost no respondents expressed medical concerns over stunted growth or future effects on fertility. According to some respondents, the central issue in such a case is not whether OCs should be prescribed, but keeping the patient on a contraceptive regimen. The following general guidelines were suggested when OCs are prescribed to young adolescents: provide the patient with written material that can be reviewed later; seek to develop good rapport with the patient so that she will feel comfortable calling with questions; provide her with your name and phone number in writing; and try to discern the patient's attitude toward sexuality, especially feelings about early sexual activity. The clinician should above all display an interest in the teenager's unique needs and respect for her choices. Patients need to be aware of the risks and consequences of their choices, however, and must act as responsible adults--even if they are as young as 14 years old.


The paper addresses the television programs' production and analyzes this content for national coverage television stations in Albania. Television programming in Albania has moved quickly toward quantitative and qualitative growth over a period of 10 years, but is still dominated by top-down perspective look at the audience, which remains mostly a passive one. Television stations, mostly imitate each other in their program structures and strategies. The paper gives statistical data of 2013 for three national coverage television stations of the different TV genres. The paper sets the focus on the development of Albanian TV market at the point of transition to digital terrestrial television broadcasting, as the deadline is set for mid June 2015. Television management, as a specific form of business management, presents some of its characteristics through program percentage occupied by each of the television genres in the structure of TV programming. The "economy of television", figures and numbers of advertisement revenues and audience seems to take priority over television programming, and this is also present in Albania nowadays on the verge of a digital terrestrial TV broadcasting. The Sustainable Development Index for the media industry and also the effect of business management factor in Albania are presented in the paper.


The potential of positron-emission computed tomography (PCT) for external quantitation of myocardial indicator concentrations and regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and the effect of left ventricular wall thickness on tracer concentration recovery by PCT was examined in seven open-chest dogs. RMBF was determined by the arterial reference technique in vivo and in vitro. Together with gamma-emitting Ce-141 microspheres, positron-emitting Ga-68-labeled microspheres were injected into the left atrium and their myocardial concentrations determined in vivo from gated and ungated cross-sectional PCT images. The loss in count recovery related to object size was corrected using postmortem and in vivo echocardiographic left ventricular wall thickness measurements. In vivo measurements of RMBF by PCT correlated linearly with invitro-derived RMBF (r = 0.98; n = 84), but they underestimated in vitro RMBF by an average of 40%. After correcting for wall thickness effect, in vivo measured RMBF agreed with the in vitro measurements in a one-toone relationship (r = 0.99). The accuracy of the in vivo PCT measured RMBF was maintained when corrections for wall thickness were made from in vivo echocardiographic instead of from postmortem measurements. Gating of the PCT images improved the accuracy of the in vivo RMBF determinations. Moreover, the increase in regional count recovery during systole provided an estimate of systolic wall thickening. Changes in left ventricular wall thickness from end-diastole to end-systole measured by PCT closely correlated with the changes in wall thickness observed by echocardiography. We conclude that (1) myocardial indicator tissue concentrations, and thus, RMBF, can be accurately measured by PCT provided corrections are made for the effect of wall thickness on count recovery; (2) these corrections can be made using in vivo echocardiography; and (3) gated PCT imaging can be used to evaluate regional myocardial systolic wall thickening as an index of regional function and combined with measurements of RMBF or regional metabolism. The results represent a framework for the noninvasive measurement of RMBF and metabolism by PCT in the experimental animal and in man.


Land subsidence in urban environments is an increasingly prominent aspect in the monitoring and maintenance of urban infrastructures. In this study we update the subsidence information over Rome and its surroundings (already the subject of past research with other sensors) for the first time using Copernicus Sentinel-1 data and open source tools. With this aim, we have developed a fully automatic processing chain for land deformation monitoring using the European Space Agency (ESA) SentiNel Application Platform (SNAP) and Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS). We have applied this automatic processing chain to more than 160 Sentinel-1A images over ascending and descending orbits to depict primarily the Line-Of-Sight ground deformation rates. Results of both geometries were then combined to compute the actual vertical motion component, which resulted in more than 2 million point targets, over their common area. Deformation measurements are in agreement with past studies over the city of Rome, identifying main subsidence areas in: (i) Fiumicino; (ii) along the Tiber River; (iii) Ostia and coastal area; (iv) Ostiense quarter; and (v) Tivoli area. Finally, post-processing of Persistent Scatterer Inteferometry (PSI) results, in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment, for the extraction of ground displacements on urban infrastructures (including road networks, buildings and bridges) is considered.


Continent urinary diversion has greatly improved the patient's quality of life following cystectomy for malignant and benign conditions. However, it is not without complications. One of such is stone formation in long run. Prevalence of stones in urinary diversions ranges from 3% to 43%. Herein, we report an unusual case of multiple calculi occurring in Mainz Ileo caecal pouch neobladder and the first reported case of minimal access removal of neobladder calculi in Sri Lanka.


This paper describes the Engineers Without Borders-USA program to educate and train internationally responsible engineers and engineeri ng students. EWB-USA partners with underdeveloped and developing communities to improve their quality of life by implementing sustainable engineering projects using appropriate technology. EWB-USA continues to expand its role in the education community at the universi ty level and has started programs at the pre-college levels. These efforts stress humanitarian, service learning throu gh the application of real world projects, and allow stude nts to confront cultural as well as technological issues. Students have the opportunity to gain a different perspectiv e of their own culture and values through the lens of ot her cultures, and experience the positive and negative interaction between technological and social change .


The cardiac behaviour of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is described, in order to mathematically characterize its electrocardiogram (ECG) using the Dynamic Components of the System (DCS) and the probability theory. Images of 199 cardiac complexes from the electrocardiography register of a humpback whale were digitalized, determining the frequency apparition of each DCS and calculating the probability of those which frequency was greater or equal than four. Application of the probability theory to the electrocardiography analysis of the whale allows its mathematical, objective and reproducible characterization.


The health sector has to become proactive, not reactive

Climate change—the subject of this week's United Nations summit in Montreal—is already affecting human health in Europe, and countries are not prepared. It is now five years since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that there is new and stronger evidence that most of the global warming that has occurred over the past 50 years is attributable to human activities and that climate change could affect human health.1 Even before that, in 1999, ministers of health and environment from the World Health Organization European Region acknowledged that "human-induced changes in the global climate system and in stratospheric ozone pose a range of severe health risks and potentially threaten economic development and social and political stability."

Several countries have started the essential action of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As long as these measures are not altering the ongoing changes in the climate there is a need to understand how people and systems can effectively adapt to new climate patterns and potential threats, and to determine what should be …


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A DEVICE FOR SECURING A TOW HOOK ON A MOTOR VEHICLE. THE DEVICE IS CHARACTERIZED BY MEANS THAT INCLUDES SELECTIVE ADJUSTMENT lockable 5 ANGULAR POSITION ON THE TOW HOOK 1 AROUND AN AXIS XX 'APPROXIMATELY PERPENDICULAR TO PLATINUM 4 SOLIDARITY OF THE VEHICLE. THE INVENTION IS APPLICATION IN THE FIELD OF AUTOMOBILE.


This is an interpretivist qualitative study that explores the contexts and dynamics of friendships between three groups of young adults; each group includes an individual with autism or severe disability and nondisabled high school students. The most prominent finding identified in the data was that educators affected opportunities for social interactions between students with and without autism or severe disability. Educator influence on social participation included factors that decreased interactions, such as missed opportunities for social interactions and social consequences of academic supports. Educator influence also included factors that increased interactions, specifically four strategies to increase social interactions and facilitate possible friendships or maintain existing friendships between students with and without autism or severe disability.


[Objective]The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and epidemiological features of Guillain-Barre syndrome in Mianyang city. [Methods] Epidemiological data of 73 cases with Guillain-Barre syndrome in Mianyang which reported by AFP monitoring system between 1997 and 2006 were analyzed. [Results] The average annual incidence rate of GBS was 1.79 per 100,000 among the children under 15 years in Mianyang city. The disease was mainly sporadic, the male/female ratio was 1.15∶1.00. 65 cases were reported during May to October which accounted for 89.04% of the total cases and 23 cases occurred in July which was the incidence peak month. The highest proportion of the syndrome was observed in summer and autumn. [Conclusion] The results indicated that an unexpected high incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome has occurred in the region. Effective measures should be taken to monitor AFP levels for children especially to fewer than 5 years old and to prevent and therapy severe cases in order to reduce the ratio of incidence and mutilation of GBS utmost.


This paper presents an industrial application of the multilayer backpropagation neural network with a modified learning rule, in recognizing transparent flexible membrane printed circuits independent of the position, orientation and scale. We give a new learning algorithm which reduces the complexity of the multilayer backpropagation network by pruning insignificant weights and chooses the best size to suit the underlying complexity of the recognition problem. This new learning algorithm is also compared with other network redundancy reduction techniques and tested on 3-bit parity problem. In this particular application, moment invariant features were chosen to train the multilayer backpropagation network. As the circuits have regular shape with a limited number of corners, a fast corner based moment invariance estimation algorithm is employed. This algorithm is almost hundred times faster than standard occupancy array based algorithm for shapes with a small number of corners.<<ETX>>


A mathematical model describing the advection-diffusion reaction of a substance between two porous homogeneous media of different properties and dimensions is presented. A strong analogy with the one-dimensional transient heat conduction process across two layered slabs is evidenced and a similar methodology is proposed. The model incorporates not only drug diffusive effects, but also convection phenomena and metabolic processes in the wall. Transformation and separation of variables leads to a Sturm-Liouville problem with discontinuous coefficients and an exact analytical solution is given in the form of an infinite series expansion. The model points out the role of the nondimensional parameters, which control the complex transfer mechanism across the two layers. In particular, the drug diffusivity in the wall is shown to greatly influence the residence time. Drug concentration profiles at various times are given and discussed. Received September 19, 2007; Accepted February 14, 2008 Copyright c © 2009 Begell House, Inc. 19 20 Pontrelli and de Monte


AbstractSelf-compacting concrete (SCC) is a cementitious composite that serves complex formworks without mechanical vibrations. SCC has been widely used in modern concrete structures because of its...


The changes of content of plasma MDA and activity of SOD and GSH-Px in young Muscovy ducks infected with white spot disease virus were detected after the duck's being infected with the virus. The results indicated that the plasma MDA content was apparently higher than that of control group at day 5 (after) infection (P0.05). The activity of plasma SOD and GSH-Px in the infected ducks were generally much lower than that of control group at third and 10th day (P(0.05)),respectively. It was suggested that free radical may participate the pathologic process of white spot disease.


This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and academic performance among the students in tertiary institution. Two tertiary institutions in Abia state were used for the study. A sample of 350 students (male and female) was randomly drawn from the two schools. Data were collected using Tanyis' (1991) students adjustment inventory (SAI), the annual examination report of the respondents and a researcher-developed questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data was done by application of mean, standard deviation, t-test and correlation statistics. The result indicated that significant relationship exists between entrepreneurial skills and academic achievement of students and that gender does not significantly influence academic behavior among the students. It was also found that training students on essential and valuable entrepreneurial skills could improve moral education among the students in the tertiary institution. Based on this finding, the researchers recommended the imparting of the knowledge of entrepreneurial skills to students of tertiary institutions and academic staff for it benefits.


Transcatheter closure of perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects: short and medium-term outcome

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study attempted to report the initial results: the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) at Hue Central Hospital with the short and medium-term follow-up.
Methods: From September 2012 to May 2017, a total of 36 patients with perimembranous or muscular VSD underwent an attempt of transcatheter closure at the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Hue Central Hospital.
Results: 14 males and 26 females participated in this study, with the age of 17,29  13.72 and 24.23  12.32 respectively. Among these patients, 19.44% of them were under 6-year-old; 72.22% had perimembranous VSDs, 27.78% had muscular VSDs, and 33.33% had aneurysm. The distance to AV was 5.62 ± 4.32 mm. The device size was 15.31± 8.12 mm. Procedures lasted for 57.17 ± 26.5 min with 15.31± 8.12 min of exposure. The complete closure rates by transthoracic echocardiography after 24 hours, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months (transthoracic) were 94.44%; 94.44% ; 97.22% and 100%, respectively. Mean time of follow-up was 11.92 ± 8.36 (3-38) months. Success rate was 97.22% and no death occurred. There was 1 case of hematuria, lasting 1 month; no Atrioventricular (AV) block.
Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of VSDs is a novel, feasible and safe technique with high success rate (97.22%). The transcather approach provides a less invasive alternative than surgical closure and might become the first choice treatment in selected patients.
Key words: transcatheter closure, ventricular septal defects


Native-speaker attitudes toward native and nonnative language varieties have been the focus of many studies, but relatively little attention has been paid to the attitudes of native speakers toward the production of U.S. learners of Spanish until recently.1 The recent interest in native speaker attitudes toward the speech of American learners of foreign languages is justified because knowledge of such attitudes may aid language teachers in the development of realistic and prac tical proficiency goals for the English-speaking language learner.2 In this study two questions are examined. One is of direct interest to language teachers: Do native Spanish speakers respond differentially to native and nonnative speech? The second question is related only indirectly to pedagogical concerns: does a Spanish speaker's language experience influence his or her attitudes toward native and nonnative Spanish? These questions are of interest to sociolinguists. If belonging to a speech community entails sharing the ways of speaking of that community, as asserted by Dell Hymes, among others, then good performance in the language should be indicative of such sharing, and therefore should evoke relatively positive attitudes toward the language and toward the person speaking it; however, some bilingual Spanish speakers who live in the United States may not respond as positively to nonnative language for a number of reasons.3 Hispanics living in the United States have learned that it is important not to speak Spanish with or around Anglos. Until at least the late 1960s, Hispanic school children were punished in some areas of the country for speaking Spanish.4 It has been suggested that some Hispanics may resent Anglos because while Hispanics have been forced to learn English, Anglos have made little attempt to speak Spanish, and even fewer Anglos have put in the time and effort needed to speak the language with native-like proficiency.5 Some U.S. bilinguals, such as those studied by Fishman, use Spanish in a restricted number of domains, mainly those of the home, neighborhood and religion.6 English is used typically at work and in the school. Nonnative Spanish would be heard only rarely in the personal do mains of interaction of the U.S. bilingual. Monolinguals, on the other hand, use Spanish in all domains. Consequently, one would expect their acceptance of a nonnative variety to be greater, since reception of such a variety would be appropriate at least occasionally in the market place, at school, or at work. If the monolingual is just beginning to learn English, we would expect that the range of norms acceptable to him would be even greater, since the learner of English himself is starting to use a variety which is far removed from the language norm of the community. Language norms, defined by Labov as general community agreement as to the acceptability of a language variety, should be different in the bilingual and monolingual communities. 7 Whereas the defini tion of a Spanish standard would be clear in a monolingual community, it would be less so in the U.S. bilingual community where codification and institutional support of the norm are lacking. Definition of norms about nonnative speech would be less clear among monolinguals,


In the conventional directed diffusion routing protocol (DD), the intermediate nodes retransmit the received interest message to all of the neighbor nodes by flooding, which can bring about great energy consumption to the network. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks called gradient and node remaining energy constrained directed diffusion routing (GRE-DD). By setting the maximum gradient diffusion depth, GRE-DD can help to reduce the times of retransmitting interest message at the interest propagation stage, leading to the reduction of transmitted data. By setting the minimum node remaining energy, GRE-DD help to increase the each node's probability of being selected to perform retransmission task, prolonging the node average working time and improving the network load balance. Simulation results indicate that GRE-DD greatly cuts down the average end-to-end delay, reduces energy consumption and extends the network lifetime.


Objective: Describe the epidemiology and morbidity outcomes in patients with pulmonary venous return anomaly, carried correction surgery at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio between 2008 and 2012. Specific Objectives: Identify the frequency of occurrence of pulmonary venous return anomaly in our hospital, according to sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, weight, history, and risk factors. Describe the type of surgical treatment taken, taking into account the type of technique, the type of correction needed. Describe the results in terms of complications frequency and short-term mortality. Methods: We reviewed the surgical registry Cardiovascular Surgery Service of Hospital San Ignacio. We included patients diagnosed with DVPA underwent surgery between January 2008 and December 2012, taking as an exclusion criterion stories with improper registration. The medical records of patients were studied and created a database with some of the following variables: age, sex, symptoms at diagnosis, presence and severity of pulmonary hypertension, type of atrial septal defect (ASD) associated anatomical variant drainage, surgical correction technique and outcomes. We developed a retrospective analysis of our experience in this complex and rare congenital heart disease, statistical analysis was made of the data and presented the results. Results and Conclusions: In total 12 patients underwent surgical correction of anomalous pulmonary venous connection in Hospital San Ignacio in the time period analyzed. Ages ranged from 18 days to 52 years. The most common clinical presentation was heart failure. Over 80% of patients had pulmonary hypertension and the severity of this was related to postoperative mortality. The CIA type was the most common associated secundum followed by sinus venosus. The 60% of cases had partial DVPA. The most frequent was intracardiac abnormal drainage in 75% of cases, and were described two cases one locating and tracking supracardiaca infracardiaca. Overall mortality was 25%. The pathology DVPA is interesting to have a low incidence and have a wide variety of presentation, not only from a demographic point of view, but in the pathology and surgical techniques used to correct it.


J. E. UHLANER and ARTHUR J. DRUCKER (Military Research 0/1 Performance Criteria: A Change of Emphasis) J. E. UHLANER is Vice President and Program DiI-ector of selected Human Factors programs at Pen;eptronics. Formerly, Dr. Uhlaner was Technical Director of the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Chief Psychologist of the U.S. Army. He joined the Institute after receiving his Ph.D. from New York Un ivel'sity in 1947. In 1976, he received both the Washington Academy of Sciences Annual Achievement Award and the Presidential Management Improvement Award. He was President of the Military psychology Division of the American Psychological Association for the year 1969-1970. Author of over 60 publications and adjunct professor of psychology at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., his special areas of interest are industdal and organizational psychology, systems psychology, theory of human performance, and measurement of human behavior. ARTHUR J. DRUCKER received his Ph.D. in 1949 from Purdue University, where he was Assistant Director of the Division of Educational Reference, an assistant professor in tests and attitude measurement, and Associate Editor of the Purdue Opinion Panel. Since coming to the Army Research Institute in 1951, he has occupied positions as Contract Research Officer, Chief of Leadership and Personali ty Research, and Chief of Plans and Operations-his present position. He is author of numerous technical reports and articles and has contributed several chapters to books on industrial relations, attitude and opinion measurement, and driver research. He has served as SecretaryTreasurer(1972-1975) and as President (1975-1976) of the Division of Military Psychology of the American Psychological Association.


In this paper, new full- and half-cycle phasor estimation algorithms based on the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) are proposed. The key idea is to combine the DHT outputs for the even- and odd-sample-sets obtained by decimating the data window by 2 and by 4. Their performances are compared with the ones of other algorithms reported in the literature, revealing the proposed algorithms lead to accurate phasor estimation immune to the decaying dc component effect.


A disease in young, predominantly male dogs of heavier breeds, commonly called osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder, was found to be a transverse fracture of humeral articular cartilage along the 'tidemark' (the junction of uncalcified and calcified cartilage) rather than through necrotic subchondral bone. The lesion was characterized by a profile of plaques of remnant calcified cartilage in the floor of the defect, with variable proliferation of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage, primitive cartilage, and bone derived from the underlying tissue. The sequestral fragment was composed of viable hyaline cartilage with small areas of calcified cartilage in the deep surface.


This project compared five rights-of-way (R/W) treatments (hand cutting, mowing, cut stump treatment w/ herbicides, basal spraying w/herbicide, and foliar application of herbicides) to determine their impacts on wetlands on utility R/W. The conclusion reached was that there was no significant impact to wetlands from any of the vegetation management techniques used on utility R/Ws in Massachusetts. Mechanical treatments resulted in higher impacts on the cover value for wildlife than those involving herbicides. Residue from petroleum products (bar oil and hydraulic fluid) were recovered on the leaf litter from mechanically treated sites. No herbicide residues were recovered from herbicide-treated sites.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare accuracy and reproducibility of visual inspection (VI), bitewing (BW) radiography, and laser fluorescence (LF, DIANOdent) methods in the diagnosis of occlusal caries.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was done on 80 extracted permanent premolars that seem to be intact or with primary caries in fissures. Three trained dentist examined the teeth in four stages: VI, BW radiography, LF, and histologic examination. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of all methods were calculated and compared. For the LF method, using ROC curve and counterpart points on it, we determined upper and lower limits and calculated the parameters.

RESULTS
The estimated accuracy was 58.9% for VI and 45.1% for BW radiography methods. Kappa coefficient for interexaminer reproducibility was 57% and 34.1% in VI and BW radiography, respectively. Inter- and intraexaminer reproducibility coefficients of LF methods were 78.4% and 83.6%, respectively. The mean intraexaminer reproducibility coefficient in the VI method was 61.2%.

CONCLUSION
Although accuracy and reproducibility of the LF method were higher than those of the VI and BW radiography, it is better to use this method together with other methods to reduce diagnostic faults.


Interleaved boost converters are typically used as a fuel cell power conditioner due to their low input ripple current. In this paper, based on the study of topologies, a novel converter is proposed for fuel cells combined with conventional interleaved converters, coupled inductances and switching capacitances. The converter is more conducive to reducing the input ripple current and improving the converter gain combined a reverse coupling inductor with a forward coupled inductor with the features of series and parallel topologies. Experimental results show that the converter has higher energy conversion efficiency (96%) and higher voltage ratio compared with the conventional boost converter, which can effectively inhibit the low-frequency ripple current on input and output sides. Additionally, the research method is provided in this article.


Major paleoenvironmental changes have been recognized at the Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition. Cooler conditions are suggested during the Late Pliensbachian before a drastic increase of temperaturesin the Early Toarcian. Most studies were realized on European marine sediments, with little information on the environmental conditions that prevailed in terrestrial ecosystems.Here we present results on a continental section from Taskomirsai (Kazakhstan, Central Asia) showing a succession of sedimentary cycles made of lignites, clayey layers and silty-sandstonesmost probably deposited in a fluvial/lacustrine environment with nearby swampy areas.Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates a type-III organic matter, i.e. mainly derived from terrestrial plants. A multi-isotope approach based on bulk organic nitrogen isotopes (δ 15 N org) and hydrogen isotopic composition (δD)ofn-alkaneswas developed to document paleoclimatic changes in the area.In the literature, δ 15 N org measured on modern or Quaternary plants has been positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with precipitations. According to these observations, δ 15 N org measured on lignites and clayey layers has been recently used to support humid/dry cycles around the Paleocene-Eocene transition. In Taskomirsai, δ 15 N org values ranged from 0.5‰ to 4.5‰ with low values in lignite beds interpreted as humid periods and high values in clayey layers interpreted as drier periods. TheδD values ofn-alkanes (C 17 to C 35) ranged from-248‰ to-151‰.Two groups of n-alkanes could be distinguished: an aquatic group (C 17 to C 23) and a terrestrial group (C 25 to C 35).In the aquatic group, low δDvalues in lignitessuggest wetter and/or cooler climate during their deposition (-219±17; n=10), whereashigh values in clayey layers (-179±13; n=6) suggest a drier and/or warmer climate. LowδD values recorded in the aquatic pool prior to the Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition suggest a relatively cooler and wetter climate that could correspond to the global cooling recorded in theLate Pliensbachian. In contrast, drier/warmer conditions (highδD values) took overduring the Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition.Evapotranspiration was estimated from the isotopic difference betweenδD valuesof theC 23 and theC 27 n-alkanes. Maximal positive difference was recorded during the coolest/most humid interval (prior to the Pliensbachian-Toarcian), suggesting a contrasted seasonality with a warm/humid growing season. Difference close to zero was recorded in drier/warmer intervals pointing to preponderant evaporative conditions in the aquatic


Avo key concepts that provide a perspective on quality classroom teaching and learning have emerged from earlier ARC-funded research. In this paper, I describe how these concepts Personal Challenge and Shared Adventure can be used to allow teachers and students at both secondary and tertiary levels to collaboratively diagnose existing quality of classroom practice, and to work together to improve this quality. I devised and used a "Challenge Checklist" to gain students' perceptions of the extent to which class work challenged them personally (both cognitively and affectively), and thereby influenced their learning behaviours and outcomes. Collation of students' Challenge Checklist data provided a basis for joint action to improve teaching and learning effectiveness by acting to change unsatisfactory aspects of classroom practice. INTRODUCTION In this paper, I argue an approach to improving classroom teaching and learning. This approach involves the teacher obtaining systematic and diagnostic information from students about the effects of his or her teaching approaches and activities on their learning. Once this information has been obtained and collated, the teacher then reports response trends back to the students and, together, the class decides on appropriate action in order to improve identified aspects of teaching that are considered to be in need of improvement. To support this argument, I shall describe some episodes when I have attempted this approach with classes of my own students: on two occasions, the students were third-year tertiary teacher education students at the University of Melbourne (once in 1993 and once in 1994); on another occasion, the students were Master of Education students at Queen's University in Canada in 1993. It is usually easier (and less potentially worrying) to research others rather than yourself. As a result of shared \1r analysis and reflection, however, I have learned about some strengths and, more importantly, some shortcomings of my teaching that I can change for the benefit of all. These findings have assisted me 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 in my professional development. As I shall indicate later in the paper, I believe that a similar approach can be used by secondary or primary teachers who are prepared to allow their students to share in a process of directed examination of classroom teaching and learning in order to improve the quality of their practice. First, I discuss the conceptual model upon which the diagnosis of teaching and learning was made. Particularly, I emphasise the concepts of personal Challenge and interpersonal Shared Adventure as indicators of ouality practice. I then present a version of a Challenge Checklist, which is the diagnostic tool for data collection. Next, I describe classroom findings from the episodes when I used the checklist, and the resultant action that was taken. Finally, I suggest the basis for a modified approach and checklist that could be used with secondary or even primary classes. THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL PERSONAL CHALLENGE AND SHARED ADVENTURE The concepts that underlie this study arise from extensive prior mearch. This research comprises some major research projects with which I have been associated over the past ten years. I shall mention each project briefly and then summarise key findings. The first project was the Project for Enhancing Effective Learning (PEEL), which I co-founded in 1985 with a teacher in a Melbourne metropolitan school and which still continues. The over-arching method of PEEL was Collaborative Action Research, where teachers worked closely with each other and with tertiary academics such as myself over extended periods to reflect upon and work to improve the quality of classroom teaching and learning practice. Over its ten year period, PEEL has been adopted by scores of Australian schools, hundreds of teachers, resulting in benefits by thousands of students (Baird and Mitchell, 1986; Baird and Northfield, 1992). In 1994, it is established in 15-20 schools in Victoria, together with schools in Canada, Sweden and Denmark. The other research involved a cluster of related projects that were carried out from 1987 1990. This cluster comprised two Australian Research Council funded projects (one of which was a Program Grant) and two Monash University research projects. For simplicity here, I shall refer to the findings from these projects under the heading of the major grant Teaching and Learning Science inIchotgs (TLSS). The project comprised thirty-five discrete but related research studies that combined intensive case studies and survey questionnaires; over its four-year duration, the project involved the participation of over fifty teachers and thousands of their students at over twenty schools. Extensive qualitative and quantitative data were obtained on students' anti teachers' perceptions of actual and desired classroom teaching and learning practices. These data are contained in three major project reports and various published articles (e.g. Baird, 3 3 1992, 1993; Baird, Fensham, Gunstone, and White, 1989, 199i). As with PEEL, the levels were mainly Grades 7-10, but now the context W0.3 limited to secondary science classes. Again, the research method was. Collaborative Action Research, with collaboration between teachers, students and researchers occurring in groups either in class or in scheduled out-of-class meetings, or one-toone between a teacher or student and a member of the project team. The PEEL project demonstrated, among other things, that students can learn to adopt an approach to their work that is summarised diagrammatically in Figure 1. Through a process of Purposeful Enquiry, which comprises a reflexive relation between reflection and action, outcomes are generated that comprise enhanced metacognition (defined as knowledge about learning, and awareness of and control over personal learning practices), content understanding, and affective benefits (such as enjoyment, satisfaction and a sense of fulfilment).


Axion fields provide the most elegant solution to the strong CP problem. In string compactifications it is difficult to obtain an axion whose decay constant is consistent with current cosmological bounds. We examine this question in theories with accidental U(1) symmetries that appear as low energy remnants of discrete symmetries. We refer to the axion-like particles from the spontaneous breakdown of these symmetries as accions. In such systems, the accion decay constant depends on the vacuum configuration and can be lowered to fit the bounds. Furthermore, we find that such accions with consistent decay constant can be embedded in special vacua of Z6–II orbifold models with realistic features.


This study explored the meanings and experiences of patients with terminal chronic diseases and their caregivers, who face the imminence of death in the home environment after hospital discharge. The qualitative study used constructivist grounded theory. The participants were individuals with a terminal chronic illness, discharged to home, and their family caregivers. Data were gathered from in-depth interviews and field notes, and a comparative analysis was conducted to identify categories and codes, according to Charmaz's theory. The sample consisted of 21 participants. Three inter-related data categories emerged: "Floating between acceptance and resistance: Perceiving the proximity of death", "Analysing the end from other perspectives: it is in the encounter with death that life is understood" and "Accepting the path: between the love of letting go and the love of wanting to stay". The categories translate the reconstruction of those facing end-of-life occurring in the home environment. It is amid the imminence of death that life gains intensity and talking about the finitude of life configures an opportunity to see life from other perspectives. Giving voice to individuals facing the mishaps of a terminal illness fosters the path to a comfortable death. For health professionals, it is an opportunity to provide structured and humanized care with an ethical attitude, in defence of human dignity.


In the Hilbert space approach, the closed range property for an unbounded closed operator characterizes the range of the operator. Thus it is important to know whether the range of an unbounded operator is closed. When the unbounded operator is the Cauchy-Riemann equation, the Hilbert space approach has been established by the pioneering work of Kohn [Ko1] for strongly pseudoconvex domains and by Hörmander [Hör] for pseudoconvex domain in C or a Stein manifold. The following L existence and regularity theorems for ∂̄ on pseudoconvex domains in C (or a Stein manifold) are well known.


The rank and post of military officers are combined in early Ming Dynasty,these military officers who got their position through inheritance are quite powerful,and are hard to be dismissed even they committed a crime.The personnel structure of military officers changed rapidly and so did the way of appointment since the period of Emperor Yongle(永乐),and their positions are separated from duties gradually.Thereafter the military position was used to indicate the status,qualification and treatment of military officials being a title of rank.The Ming government regulated the relation between official rank and position by means of conferring unreal military position.The real military position indicates the level of salary and the hereditary grade.Both the real and the unreal military position and each appointment has title of rank.


No poverty, Quality education, Gender equality For whom, what, where, how? Sustainable development and women, Tertiary, school, community organisations Transformative, meaning-making in interaction, Students, learners, grandmothers and mothers No poverty, quality education, gender equality Who decides, for whom and how and where? How will young girls access quality education? For poverty eradication and gender equality How mothers will make decisions about Sex, child birth and food security Young girls, mothers, grandmothers Who decides, for whom and how and where?


Recent work in multilingual natural language processing has shown progress in various tasks such as natural language inference and joint multilingual translation. Despite success in learning across many languages, challenges arise where multilingual training regimes of-ten boost performance on some languages at the expense of others. For multilingual named entity recognition (NER) we propose a simple technique that groups similar languages together by using embeddings from a pre-trained masked language model, and automatically discovering language clusters in this embedding space. Specifically, we fine-tune an XLM-Roberta model on a language identification task, and use embeddings from this model for clustering. We conduct experiments on 15 diverse languages in the WikiAnn dataset and show our technique largely outperforms three baselines: (1) training a multilingual model jointly on all available languages, (2) training one monolingual model per language, and (3) grouping languages by linguistic family. We also conduct analyses showing meaning-ful multilingual transfer for low-resource languages (Swahili and Yoruba), despite being automatically grouped with other seemingly dis-parate languages.


A comparator for PWM class-d audio power amplifiers is presented. The comparator's configuration of import stage is rail-to-rail, and the output stage is class-AB. Simulation results based on the CSMC 0.5 CMOS BSIM3V3 Spice typical process show that the DC open-loop gain is 50 dB, the PSRR is 52 dB, the ICMR is 0.04V~4.98V and the propagation delay time is 24.5 ns. The active area of the PWM comparator is about 2l0×75 μm^2.With the good performance parameters the comparator is adapted to class-D audio power amplifier, and suitable for all kinds of low frequency data converter.


In this paper we address the evaluation of measurement process quality. We mainly focus on the evaluation procedure, as far as it is based on the numerical outcomes for the measurement of a single physical quantity. We challenge the approach where the 'exact' value of the observed quantity is compared with the error interval obtained from the measurements under test and we propose a procedure where reference measurements are used as 'gold standard'. To this purpose, we designed a specific t-test procedure, explained here. We also describe and discuss a numerical simulation experiment demonstrating the behaviour of our procedure.


The most common clinical form is dengue fever which is self-limiting. But few cases may develop dengue shock syndrome or dengue hemorrhagic fever which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The disease is characterized by absence of specific vaccine or specific drugs. Only supportive management is available. 2.5billion Population is exposed to the risk of dengue globally. It has been estimated that around 50 cases occurred. Among them more than 20,000 died. Maximum cases are recorded in the pediatric population.


How to decide atomic ground state problem has been studied based on lowest energy principle,Hund rule,and Pauli exclusion principle.It is summarized to two methods.


PurposeDrawing on the perspective of trust and individual differences, this study developed and tested a model to identify the effect of leaders' demonstrated humility on employees' feedback-seeking processes. Specifically, it examined the role of feedback orientation and employees' trust in supervisors in the way humble leadership affects employees' feedback-seeking behavior (FSB).Design/methodology/approachThe moderated mediation model was tested using matched surveys from 175 Chinese employees and their direct supervisors from various organizations.FindingsThe results revealed that humble leadership could predict employees' FSB through supervisor trust. Moreover, feedback orientation not only moderated the relationship between supervisor trust and employees' FSB but also moderated the indirect effect of humble leadership on employees' FSB via supervisor trust.Originality/valueThese findings can provide guidance to corporate organizations on how to motivate employees to actively seek feedback to improve their job performance.


The benefits of intravenous (IV) fish oil (FO), as a source of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, on lung growth in preterm infants, remain controversial.


Short lap splices in vertical members are a typical and critical deficiency in existing structures in seismic zones, especially when the splice is located at the bottom end of the member, i. e., in the plastic hinge region. Wrapping the lap‐splice region of the member with fibre‐reinforced‐polymers (FRP) is becoming the method of choice for remedying this deficiency. Test results from the international literature are used in the paper to develop simple rules for the calculation of the flexural resistance and of the yielding or ultimate deformations of concrete members of various cross‐sectional shapes, as these affected by short lap‐splicing in the plastic hinge region and by FRP wrapping of the length of the member with deficient lapping.


I On their own feet they came, or on shipboard, Camel-back, horse-back, ass-back, mule-back, Old civilisations put to the sword. Then they and their wisdom went to rack.... (W. B. Yeats, "Lapis Lazuli" lines 25-28) Crossing borders has always been hazardous, whether it be by a Caesar or a Faust, a Napoleon or an Orpheus, a swimmer from the shores of Cuba or a teenager in the wheel-casing of a 747 bound for Gatwick. Crossing borders puts at risk all that one is and all that one holds dear. The very existence of borders means difference, limitation, another way; and if a successful crossing can bring liberation, knowledge, and reward, the wish to cross is itself likely to be greeted with suspicion, fear, interrogation, and punishment. Alexander and Einstein, Darwin and Newton, might change human history, but our most potent myths are still of Icarus, of Prometheus, of the loss of Eden. The invasion of space, equally, has always aroused, understandably, the fiercest of hostility. Throwing open the doors to Charles XII, to Cromwell, to Luther or Calvin, to Mussolini or Sherman, held obvious dangers. But incursion also, at different times and in different places, presented more insidious dangers and called for more subtle forms of defence. "Each newly arrived immigrant group in America," for example, argues Hugh Dalziel Duncan, became a butt of ridicule for older groups who had risen to power and who therefore were able to set standards of Americanization. The immigrant is always a challenge, even a threat, to established customs. He makes us realize that two (or more) evaluations of action are possible. Laughter helps to resolve this. As we ridicule the newcomer, we overcome confusion through the euphoria arising within us as we laugh. (24-25) We can imprison or ghetto-ise our border crossers, as Britain seems increasingly to do; we might burn them, as William Tyndale was burnt in 1436 for daring to publish English translations of the Scriptures; or we can simply laugh at them until they are defused. What we cannot do is to let them alone; free access is simply not an option. Within the arts, however, and specifically in the western world over the last hundred or so years, crossing borders has rapidly, except in the most totalitarian of regimes, lost many of its risks. The western artistic ideal, in fact, and along with it the western literary critical ideal, comes very close to a policy of free access: no frontiers, no passports, no visas; nothing is excluded; nothing is contraband. We cross (and rightly) at will, encouraging others to cross, applauding great crossings of the past, confidently anticipating even freer access in a more ideal future. In this context, a collection like the present is almost too easy. Everything literary--past, passing, or to come--can be read as crossing a border of some kind: stylistic, contentual, formal, sexual, psychological, racial--and if none of these, then always political. Contributors to this volume span works from four centuries and two continents, and all deal legitimately with the crossing of borders, celebrating the incursion and welcoming the innovation. Yet that welcome, and the reading practices that enable it, have a chequered, troublesome, and hazardous history. Artistic endeavour and the linguistic expression that would frame it into some form of cultural truth have for many centuries experienced disturbances at the borders, whether we look politically at boundaries and limits, socially at peripheries and edges, or with regard to the printed page itself, at its own margins. II "But she," wrote Shakespeare of Lucrece in 1594, that never coped with stranger eyes Could pick no meaning from their parling looks, Nor read the subtle shining secrecies Writ in the glassy margins of such books. (The Rape of Lucrece, lines 99-102) As an innocent participant in her exchanges with Tarquin, her unexpected guest, Lucrece has been at a loss to understand the conversation that has been proceeding within the "looks" of her would-be ravisher. …


This study aims to determine the application of work discipline at PT. Telkom Karawang Hero Hero Division (Head of Rengasdengklok Representative Office) as well as knowing the factors that cause employee discipline to decrease, and knowing the implementation that must be carried out at PT. Telkom Karawang Division Hero Hero (Head of Rengasdengklok Representative Office).This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. Sources of data used in this study are primary and secondary data. data analysis technique used is data reduction and data display. The results of this study are the implementation carried out at work at PT. Telkom Karawang Hero Division (Head of Rengasdengklok Representative Office) is good enough, but it is undeniable that there are still employees who are not disciplined with regulations. This can be seen from the factors that reduce employee discipline, namely the lack of a leadership role in motivating employees, While the implementation that must be done is to optimize the leadership role in motivating employees, supervision is also given every day and compensation or rewards can be given to employees so that the level of employee discipline increases and produces optimal performance.


This paper summarizes the doctoral research of the first author, discusses the contributions to knowledge, and outlines the initial results. The research proposes a semantics-driven framework that leverages semantic models to support the scalability of demand flexibility control applications through improved interoperability and portability. The framework is evaluated in a standardized building testing platform, particularly focusing on the portability of a generic load shedding application across two buildings. This research is an important step towards the needed scale of demand flexibility applications, streamlining their development and deployment using minimal manual effort.


Intracranial epidermoids account for 0.2 to 1.8 of all brain tumours. We report an epidermoid cyst in an unusual location - the brain stem. At this site safe and adequate resection implies decompression of the cyst contents and removal of the non-adherent cyst capsule.


Abstract A Simulink/DriveSize based model for the mutual pressure and flow control of a centrifugal pumping plant with a variable speed drive is proposed. The model provides the possibility of power calculation during both throttling and speed control and to estimate the optimal working point according to these calculations. The model is developed to provide the possibility of power reduction during pressure and flow maintenance with the help of mixed pressure control strategy. To evaluate the system, a series of experiments have been conducted. After the validation of the proposed model through testing, which proved that the designed system is more beneficial from the power consumption point of view than the traditional pressure control methods, it can be stated that the system is useful for pressure and flow control optimization of the centrifugal pumping plants


INTRODUCTION Heavy cannabis use has been associated with increased self-reported apathy, or the reduction in motivation and goal-oriented behavior. Apathy is also prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH). Cannabis use is prevalent among PLWH and has been associated with alterations in brain areas linked to motivation and reward. However, there is a paucity of studies directly examining heavy cannabis use as a predictor of apathy in this population. The current study focuses on age of initiating heavy use, as the neurobehavioral effects of chronic cannabis use may be intensified by early heavy use. We hypothesized that adolescent-onset heavy users would show greater apathy than adult-onset heavy users and that both groups would show greater apathy than never-heavy users and never-users. METHODS Baseline data were taken from a larger study of marijuana use, cognition, and health in adults living with HIV; included participants had complete marijuana use data (N = 236). The Marin Apathy Evaluation Scale – Self (AES-S) was used to measure self-reported apathy. The marijuana section of the Substance Abuse Module (SAM-5) was administered. Participants were divided, based on age of first meeting criteria for Cannabis Use Disorder, into early-onset (<18) CUD, late-onset CUD, never-CUD, and never-user groups. To account for variations in cell size and outliers, a robust one-way ANOVA was conducted using the WRS2 R package, with age of onset of CUD as a predictor and AES-S total score as dependent variable; results were submitted to Hochberg post-hoc tests. RESULTS The mean age of included participants was 49.81 years. 73% of participants identified as black/African American, and 54% were assigned male at birth. 8% of included participants had early-onset CUD; 29% had late-onset CUD; 43% never met criteria for CUD; and 20% never used marijuana. 71.6% of participants currently used marijuana at least once a week. The mean AES-S score was 29.81. Age of CUD onset predicted AES-S score, F(3,48.5)=5.84, p = 0.002. Post hoc tests revealed that the early-onset group (mean = 33.4) was significantly more apathetic than the never-user group (mean = 28.5) (Ψ = 5.95, CI=1.73-10.16, p = 0.002) and the never-CUD group (mean = 29.9) (Ψ = 4.02, CI = 0.60-7.43, p = 0.013). No difference was detected between late-onset (mean = 30.1), never-CUD, and never-user groups (p >.05). DISCUSSION We observed that age of Cannabis Use Disorder onset is associated with AES-S score among adults living with HIV, such that adolescent-onset Cannabis Use Disorder predicted higher levels of apathy relative to groups with no history of Cannabis Use Disorder or cannabis use. Two interpretations of this finding may be advanced: first, that individuals predisposed to apathy are more likely to engage in heavy substance use; second, that early-onset substance use alters behavior and perhaps underlying reward circuitry. Limitations of this study include the absence of a control group without HIV and the cross-sectional nature of our data. Future directions include assessing the roles of current age, depression, and HIV viral suppression as potential covariates.


The paper discusses in broad terms the planning of urban transport systems against the background of constantly changing public opinion. Using Melbourne as an example the author shows the problems introduced by the different levels of planning approvals, where transport is a state matter and settlement patterns dictated by local Municipal Councils.


This paper presents a thermal circuit model to simulate the behavior of an electric motor during the transient duty leading to steady-state operation under rated load. The proposed model allows the calculation of the temperature distribution in the radial direction of the electric motor, from the shaft inside to the motor frame surface. Several heat sources inside the motoras well as the heat conduction and the thermal contact resistances have been considered. The surface convection heat transfer inside the motor and at its external surfaces is modeled by using heat transfer coefficients. In the longitudinal direction, only the convection resistances inside the motor were considered. Due to its flexibility and ease of implementation, the software AMESim ® was used as the platform for modeling and simulation. The experiments has been carried out with a 37 kW WEG motor, and the simulated results reproduced the experimental behavior properly. The simulation points out the importance for a correct modeling of internal heat generation and contact resistances in order to predict the transient behavior.


Two contrasting models of the effects of motivational influences on the relationship between counterfactual thinking and social judgment were tested, using a modified version of Wells and Gavanski's (1989) cab driver vignette. Undergraduates (N= 208) assigned blame to a negligent white or black target after imagining how the target's alternative behavior could have either easily or improbably averted two accident-related fatalities. Results suggested that motivational variables such as racism moderate the relationship between counterfactual thinking and judgment severity rather than directly affect the counterfactual thinking process itself. Implications for current conceptions of both counterfactual thinking and racism are discussed.


Although the proportion of women who patronize sexually oriented book-video-novelty stores appears to be growing, little is known about the phenomenon generally or about male–female differences. In the only studies of "female patrons of porn," both Hefley (2007) and Berkowitz (2006) report that half of the customers that they observed entering two stores were women. Compared to men, women were less likely to enter alone. To further investigate this phenomenon, we observed customers entering 33 stores for 162 hours over a two-year period. Whereas the observations of Hefley (2007) and Berkowitz (2006) were limited to a few of the busiest hours, our observations span all seven weekdays and all hours. Seventeen percent of the patrons who entered the stores were women. This proportion varied over time and across the 33 stores. Women prefer to shop on weekend evenings in stores that provide visible security.


Introduction: In the setting of bucomaxillo facial surgery, bone tissue is a specialized connective tissue made up of cells and a mineralized extracellular matrix. To reduce the excessive resorption observed in these pathologies, it has been studied more rigorously in pre-clinical and clinical studies to improve anti-resorptive drugs that allow for treating or preventing pathologies of bone metabolism, such as bisphosphonates (BP) and denosumab (DN) as well as some angiogenesis inhibitors, can induce osteonecrosis of the mandible (ONJ). Objective:Foi realizar uma revisão sistemática concisa a respeito da relação da ocorrência e principais abordagens da osteonecrose da mandíbula e/ou maxilar com o uso dos bifosfonatos. Methods: The present study was followed by a systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The Cochrane Instrument was used to assess the risk of bias from the included studies. The present study was carried out from December 2022 to January of 2023. Results and Conclusion: A total of 108 articles were found. Initially, duplicate articles were excluded. After this process, the abstracts were evaluated and a new exclusion was performed based on the GRADE Instrument and Risk of Bias. A total of 55 articles were fully evaluated and 22 were included and discussed in this study. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons proposed for the first time its nomenclature "Bisphosphonates Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws". ONJ is the term used to describe bone cell death when the osteocyte becomes necrotic.  Osteonecrosis of the jaws can be considered a severe adverse effect of BP therapy. Osteonecrosis of the jaws induced by the use of antiresorptive drugs commonly occurs in the oral cavity, mainly because the bone tissue is covered and protected only by a thin layer of periosteum and epithelium. Bisphosphonates inhibit RANKL expression, as well as stimulate OPG production by bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, inhibiting the RANK-RANKL interaction. These synergistic actions lead to a decrease in the recruitment of osteoclasts and, consequently, to a reduction in bone resorption.


The present crisis is the bottom of a recurring problem that I call the leverage cycle, in which leverage gradually rises too high then suddenly falls much too low. The government must manage the leverage cycle in normal times by monitoring and regulating leverage to keep it from getting too high. In the crisis stage the government must stem the scary bad news that brought on the crisis, which often will entail coordinated write downs of principal; it must restore sane leverage by going around the banks and lending at lower collateral rates (not lower interest rates), and when necessary it must inject optimistic capital into firms and markets than cannot be allowed to fail. Economists and the Fed have for too long focused on interest rates and ignored collateral.


Spectro‐astrometry enables us to study phenomena on milli‐arcsecond spatial scales. It exploits the variation with wavelength of the centroid position of a structured source in a longslit spectrum, predominantly near spectral absorption/emission lines. The centroid can be measured with sub‐diffration‐limited precision, depending mostly on the S/N. Our goal is to identify surface features on cool giant stars and to constrain their size and temperature constrast. We obtained VLT/CRIRES 2.3 um‐CO‐spectra (R≈90000; S/N≈1000–5000) of TW Oph and RS Vir. We find spectro‐astrometric signatures at a 2 mas amplitude for TW Oph. The best‐fitting models suggest a mid‐lattitude spot covering 10% of the visible stellar disk with ΔT≈500 K. In the case of RS Vir, we derive upper limits on spot coverage.


The present work is directed to the study of visual fatigue in children from 7 to 10 years old in the San Juan parish of the Puebloviejo canton, due to the excessive use they make of technological devices with blue screens. First of all it is important to highlight that this type of screens are found in computers, tablets, smart phones, video games, among others. One of the factors that intervenes in that said screens have a harmful effect, is the little distance that is conserved between the screen and the user, impacting directly on the eye.

In general, children who make use of this type of artifact have no control over the time spent on this, which is why the time of exposure to these screens is usually prolonged, combined with the short distance to which it is used. certain consequences at a visual level. In this case, emphasis will be placed on the visual fatigue that some of the children may have. For this reason we went to the school in order to provide a completely free visual examination and a survey to assess trends in the use of devices with LED screens.

It was found that most of the children presented made frequent use of any device, whether computers, tablets, smart phones and video games, also that the results show that more than 50% of the representative sample of the students of the school November 17, They manifest having the symptoms of visual fatigue. In view of such problems, the use of these devices should be regulated and, in case of having visual fatigue, the use of GX7 antiglare lenses is recommended.


Dimensioning the battery capacity for any kind of electric vehicle a compromise between electric range and costs has to be found. Therefore it is important for manufacturers to obtain characteristic values and profiles concerning user behavior, e.g. average daily driven distances, based on real life data. In this paper, corresponding results of a field test with extended range electric vehicles in Germany are presented. The focus in the field test was on private frequent drivers and users in companies with above average yearly mileages. The results are compared to those of other projects and studies and allow the extraction of consequences for the battery dimensioning.


Since 1980 the United States Coast Guard has been developing a lighted buoy for exposed areas and congested harbor entrances. The buoy hardware is of conventional design while the signal suite is much expanded from ordinary buoys. The power system makes use of both solar and wave energy to produce electricity. This report details the development of the operational system currently in use.


The potential of Bauhinia tomantosa as a viable source of medicinally important flavonoids like rutin has been investigated four flovonoids, apigenin, querctin, and rutin, kaemferol-4-methyl ether, have been isolated from seed coat of Bauhinia tomantosa.


Many authors agree that it is essential to integrate social networking tools and sites with education. On the other hand, environmental education represents an umbrella for many forms of education that already exist and new ones that remain to be created. Bearing this in mind as well as the increasing use of Facebook in education, the key aspect of this chapter focuses on scientific research about modeling the use of Facebook in environmental education among students of the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Serbia. The research clearly points out the educational benefits of implementing Facebook with, subsequently, a significant improvement of students' environmental awareness. The investigated model of using Facebook, presented in the chapter, could be useful to other educators, giving them suitable information about the possible ways to improve students` achievements in environmental and other kinds of higher education.


The Hot Air Disinfestor herein described is the outcome of experiments undertaken in 1915, at the instigation of Colonel G. S. Rennie, C.M.G., then A.D.M.S., Canadians, Shorncliffe, in an effort to devise a satisfactory solution of the louse problem.


Mang complex factors influenced the West Han Dynasties' population changing.Above all,political factors and naturac calamities were vital important,which affected birth and death of the population.In the early the West Han Dynasty, in order to increase social labour force, domination class carried out a lot of measures,which contributed to increase of the amount of the population,like encouraging childbearing,releasing slaves and so on. Domination class corrupted little by little. Wars and killing children made the population decrease.And all these factors influenced the mount of the West Han Dynasties population.


A favorite rationale for the status of blacks in America today has been the absence of black leadership. Attacks on the weakness of Afro-American leaders have risen to new peaks with the election of a conservative Republican president and an equally conservative Republican Senate. Yet such attacks were also prominent twenty years ago and subsided only for a brief period in the 1960s. The death of Martin Luther King marked the resumption of the search for black leadership. In part the emphasis on black leadership stems from the work of social scientists who have attributed the lack of black progress to poor leadership. And in part the emphasis on black leadership grows from an Afro-American tradition in which culture heroes have filled a vacuum created by the relative absence of powerful organizations and institutions. Thus, political scientists as diverse as James Q. Wilson and Maulana Karenga have focused on weak black leadership. Of course, the perspective each analyst brings to his or her study, as well as the suggested solutions, are radically different. This study will examine four prominent "classics" in "Negro politics" that have defined the parameters of research for many students of social science. We will then broaden the scope of research on black leaders to include the political role of the


A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa), amla (Emblica officinalis) and mangrail (Nigella sativa) as herbal growth promoters in broiler chickens. Day old commercial broiler chicks (n=280) were distributed equally into seven groups of 40 chicks each, which were further replicate to five groups of eight each. The chicks were placed on one of seven dietary treatments i.e. basal diet without any supplement (CON) or with turmeric at 0.5 (CL-0.5) and 1.0% (CL-1.0), amla at 0.5 (EO-0.5) and 1.0% (EO-1.0) and mangrail with 0.5 (NS-0.5) and 1% (NS-1.0) levels. The effect of these supplements on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and on economic return was assessed in a six week study. The herbal group broilers were significantly (P 0.05) differences due to herbal supplementation. No significant (P>0.05) effect of turmeric, amla or mangrail were observed on carcass characteristics of broilers. The net profit per bird and net profit per kg live weight of the birds was significantly (P<0.05) higher in all the treatment groups in comparison to the control group and it was highest in NS-1.0 group. The outcome of this study indicated that 1% mangrail powder had no deleterious effect on bird's health and it improves the weight gain, feed efficiency and economic return in broiler production.


The frequency of adherent placenta is increasing due to growing number of caesarean deliveries. The optimal management of this condition remains unclear , resulting in complications in the peripartum period such as severe haemorrhage, a possible need for caesarean hysterectomy, and even severe injuries to pelvic organs. We report cases of conservative management of adherent retained placenta following midtrimester abortion, preterm normal and caesarean delivery. All were managed conservatively with antibiotics, and followed up with 2-4 weekly USG. There was complete resorption of placenta by 3-6 months postpartum in all the cases. No complications developed during the conservative management and all women resumed normal menstruation by 5-6 months post procedure. Conservative management of abnormally invasive placentation can be effective and fertility can be preserved which should be considered in highly selective cases. Further research with prospective evaluation for conservative treatments versus different approaches for adherent retained placenta is necessary.


Abstract Triaquo(μ-pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylato)strontium(II) djhydrate, SrC6HI2N2O9 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PĪ, a = 6.238(l)A, b = 9.418(2)A, c= 10.591(2)A, a = 73.58(3)°, β = 80.52(3)°, γ = 75.01(3)°, Z = 2. The structure is polymeric. Strontium ions are bridged by pyrazine-2,5;dicarboxylic acid molecules which use both (N,O)-bonding moieties (mean Sr-O = 2.567(3) A, mean Sr-N = 2.826(3) A). In addition, the bridging is accomplished by two oxygen atoms from water molecules (mean Sr-O = 2.681(3) A) and bidentate oxygen atoms (Sr-O = 2.697(3) A) from a carboxylic group of a pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid molecule. As a result, a three-dimensional molecular framework is formed. The coordination around the Sr ion is ninefold: seven oxygen and two nitrogen atoms make a distorted, mono-capped square antiprism. Two water molecules per unit cell are situated in the holes of this framework and participate in an extended hydrogen bond scheme.


Abstract The intention of this article is to identify some challenges that have marked the work of cameramen and camera operators who acted in the film Sao Paulo, between 1920 and 1940. During this period, non-fiction production, known as "natural", intensified as result of the "digging". This occurred, in part, to meet the demands of an economic elite and government propaganda, which sprouted needs to register symbols and practices of power. The clipping of the analysis will depart from some of these films and first experiences of documentaries produced between the 1930s and 1940s, to the Municipality of Sao Paulo. Related to these objectives, texts of classical historiography of Brazilian cinema and reviews published in newspapers and magazines will be analyzed, that characterized and classified this production, identifying the good movies, determining aesthetic standards, and especially censoring the work done by many men of the Sao Paulo film camera.


The mean electromotive force generated by nonlinear standing Alfvén waves propagating along the mean magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that the α-effect can exist owing to the interaction between oppositely propagating two waves, provided that the initial fields have non-zero helicity. The result is discussed in the context of field-aligned currents and periodic particle flux variations in the earth's magnetosphere.


Who were the founding figures in pediatrics in the Western world? What is the origin of terms such as formula and kwashiorkor ? This book answers these and many other questions while reviewing a formative century in the development of pediatrics as a scientific field. The multiple authors, some of whom participated in the historical events described, are an international group of pediatric experts. The excellent chapter by Ballabriga on pediatrics in Europe gives a useful framework of social setting and important individuals in the development of knowledge of childhood diseases. Subsequent chapters follow on pediatrics in Germany, Britain, France, the United States, and Mexico. Although this multinational survey is by no means complete, it gives a generous overview of the major figures in pediatrics and a somewhat less entire view of the social, educational, and scientific forces that led to the emergence of this field. The second part of the


but also considerable variability in space—horizontally (Fig. 2 left) and vertically (Fig. 2 right). Figure 3 presents a timeline that summarizes our conclusions on the quality, availability and potential of instrumental data for the reconstruction of climate. There is no question that before the mid18th century the very rare instrumental information that existed is inferior to high-quality reconstructions based on proxies. The real calibration period started as late as the second half of the 19th century. Since then, well-homogenized and spatially dense instrumental information has been available to calibrate proxy data. For the one hundred years in between, both sources (instrumental and proxy) are reliant on each other, with only a combination of different sources providing reasonable information about past climate variability. That period may therefore best be called the "consistency period". REFERENCES Auer, I., Böhm, R. and Schöner, W., 2001: Austrian long-term climate 1767-2000 – Multiple instrumental climate time series from Central Europe. Österr. Beitr. Zu Meteorologie und Geophysik 25, 147 pp (plus Dataand Metadata-CD) Böhm, R., Auer, I., Brunetti, M., Maugeri, M., Nanni, T. and Schöner, W., 2001: Regional temperature variability in the European Alps 1760-1998 from homogenized instrumental time series. International Journal of Climatology 21: 1779-1801 Jones P.D., 1994: Hemispheric surface air temperature variations: A reanalysis and an update to 1993. Journal of Climate 7: 1794-1802 Moberg, A. and Alexandersson, H., 1997: Homogenization of Swedish temperature data. Part II: Homogenised gridded air temperature compared with a subset of global air temperature since 1861. International Journal of Climatology 17: 35-54 Peterson, T.C., Easterling, D.R., Karl, T.R., Groisman, P., Auer, I., Böhm, R., Plummer, N., Nicholis, N., Torok, S., Vincent, L., Tuomenvirta, H., Salinger, J., Førland, E.J., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Alexandersson, H., Jones, P. and Parker, D., 1998: Homogeneity Adjustments of In Situ Atmospheric Climate Data: A Review. International Journal of Climatology 18: 1493-1517


Facing the shock of emergencies, how resilient is the road transport system? In this process, how are the system's absorption capacity, adaptability, and recovery capacity? These are very important for the development of sustainable road transportation. Taking China's road transport during the COVID-19 pandemic as the research object, this paper introduces an integrated resilience quantification method, draws a road transport resilience curve, and comprehensively and dynamically analyzes and compares the resilience of China's road transport system at different stages among different regions and under different epidemic waves. The results show that the resilience of road passenger and freight transport differs in the face of external disturbance. Freight transport resilience is better than that of passenger transport. Compared to passenger transport, freight transport is more robust; the impacted speed is slower, the recovery speed is faster, the recovery capacity is stronger, and the affected period is shorter. There is regional heterogeneity in road transport resilience. This heterogeneity is reflected in the whole change process of system performance with external disturbance, including absorption capacity, adaptation capacity, and recovery capacity. The resilience of road transport under different waves of the epidemic is different. Compared to the first wave of the epidemic, the resilience of road transport indicators at all stages has been dramatically improved in the later rebound wave of the epidemic. This can help in the development of evidence-based road transport sustainability strategies.


The aim of this research is to identify the determinants of pathways to retirement in Europe and, by measuring the influence or combined influence of individual, contextual and institutional domains on labor force participation, to better understand inter-country variations in the employment rates of older citizens. The dataset consists of both the first two longitudinal waves of SHARE (2004-2006) and some macroeconomic series from the OECD describing three complementary social protection systems (pensions, disability, employment). The analysis is simultaneously carried out in terms of "stocks" (labor force participation in 2004) and "flows" (pathways from employment in 2004 to retirement in 2006). Indicators are developed to measure the contribution of each domain (individual, contextual, institutional), and their various combinations to the employment rate of older citizens, and their role in explaining inter-country differences. As expected, results demonstrate that labor force participation and the decision to retire are determined by the various individual and contextual domains with social protection systems, each playing a significant role. Institutional determinants explain most of the inter-country differences. There appears to be a complementary effect between the different categories of social protection, and the global effect of the three systems combined is greater than the sum of the idiosyncratic effect of each system. Future public policies aiming at increasing the workforce participation of older citizens should therefore take into account that retirement decisions are determined by complex, interactive and individual determinants, and that within the European Union, the main convergence factors are to be found in the differences in social protection systems.


Twenty proteins were compared as potential paper wet strengthening additives by measuring the peel force required to delaminate wet, regenerated cellulose films laminated with a thin (3 mg/m2) protein layer. Wet adhesion results ranged over nearly an order of magnitude, reflecting the importance of protein composition. The proteins with the highest contents of lysine and arginine gave the strongest adhesion with secondary contributions from hydroxyl and phenolic amino acid residues. Wet adhesion was performed with TEMPO oxidized cellulose and with laminates that were cured at high temperatures (120 °C), suggesting that protein grafting to the cellulose and protein cross-linking was important for good wet strength. Although none of the protein laminates was as strong as polyvinylamine or a commercial PAE resin used in the paper industry, this paper suggests that increasing the primary amine (amino group) content as well as optimizing heat-induced bond formation may someday lead to a protein-based paper wet...


Have you ever stopped to consider how experiences in your childhood may have impacted your perceptions of God?" Posting about the importance of the parent-child relationship from In All Things an online journal for critical reflection on faith, culture, art, and every ordinary-yet-graced square inch of God's creation. https://inallthings.org/parenting-attachment-theory-and-god/


Using Palatini formalism an exact time dependence solutions of the scale factor and the Hubble parameter as functions of the redshift are obtained. For the metric case, assumig a power law formula for the scale factor constraints the various parameters. Moreover, a dynamical study with phase portraits diagrams was also made and the corresponding critical points are determined.


Finite volume discretizations on unstructured grids that are more than second-order-accurate have not yet gained wide acceptance. This is due to the high computational cost and memory requirements of the proposed schemes and the technical difficulties in achieving a high-order-accurate solution. It is especially true when considering flows in complex geometries. In this paper, a third-order cell-centered finite volume discretization is detailed that is based on quadratic data recovery, which is computationally efficient and has optimal memory requirements. The density-based flow-solver discretization and solution algorithm are described briefly, followed by a detailed presentation of the least-squares-based multistep quadratic data-reconstruction methodology proposed here. The paper is concluded with numerical examples to verify the accuracy and numerical efficiency of this high-order finite volume discretization.


This study is quantitative in nature, whereby, the data was collected through an interview schedule from a total of 150 respondents, under the purposive sampling technique. Primary sterility is chosen as the focus of this study because unlike secondary sterility, female with primary sterility have never experienced pregnancy and childbirth, their sterility is, therefore, more noticeable and severe. The Quantitative data was further analyzed through frequencies and percentages under the uni-variate analysis. Major objectives of the study were to seek the perception of female towards primary sterility; and to measure the association between involuntary Barrenness and its socio-psychological implications among female in study area. From the perception of sterile female, this study found out that beside the severe stigmatization on sterile female, Barrenness is a major influencing factor on marital stability, tense relations in the family, increased chances of husband's remarriage, couple breakup and fear of no biological preservation in future. The study found a significant association of involuntary sterile female face many psychological problems like stress feeling alone in old age, short temper, using abusive language and sensitive. In addition to it, infertile female had a miserable life incase their husbands married another woman for having at least a child. They had also traditional and spiritual treatments before seeking proper allopathic treatment being costly most of the time. The sterile female was deprived of an heir of their property and hence they viewed children as a source of their socio-financial status enhancement. The study recommends that the pairs must visit the health practitioners jointly. The government and non-government organizations should take proper measures to create awareness among the masses that sterility is not a crime; rather this is something going beyond the competence of sterile female.


The purpose of this study is to speculate on the history and the meaning of so-called "princess fashion" based on the feminist's viewpoint. While many designers in Korean fashion world have fostered the trend of princess fashion, relatively little insight has been developed regarding its socio-cultural meanings. For this problem, the researcher traced the historical background and the development of the princess fashion in both the western and the Korean fashion world. As a case of the princess fashion study, Andre Kim(a renowned Korean designer)'s collection was selected and analyzed since he has often been a central figure for the princess fashion trends in Korea. Here the operational definition of the princess fashion is the lavish dresses designed based on the western court dress styles. As a result, the researcher found that the princess fashion was originated from the eighteenth century in France. In the nineteenth century, male designers took over the role to make extravagant dresses such as empire and crinoline dresses which became the prototypes for the princess fashion. In Korea, the western court dress style was introduced at the end of the nineteenth century and it became a uniform of prostitutes during the Korean War. By analyzing Andre Kim's collection, it is found that his romantic dresses imitated the nineteenth century court dresses. Therefore, from the feminist's viewpoint, his princess fashion is a mere reproduction of anachronistic styles reflecting inferior and passive images of women. The researcher draws a conclusion that today's fashion should transcend the princess fashion that signifies the female's submissive-masochistic roles operated by the male's sexual expectation.


The occurrence of overweight and obese older adults in the US has increased substantially during the past decades. Toward the goal of overweight or obese elders' well-being, it is important to detect early functional decline. In contrast to the majority of the previous research, which considers a single dimension of the functioning of the elderly, we consider four-dimensional functionings for daily livingphysical, sensory, emotional, and social functioning simultaneously. The challenge of our study is that functionings and some predictors are longitudinally measured and mixed types discrete form; physical functioning is measured by count variable exhibiting the excess zero. The other three functionings are on an ordinal scale. To deal with these complications, our technique utilizes a zero-inflated Poisson regression model to account for the excess zero in the physical functioning. The sensory, emotional, and social functionings are modeled via the ordinal model, and those four functionings are connected by correlated random effects and the model parameters are estimated using a Bayesian approach via Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Analytical results based on the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging show that selfrated health commonly affects our interested dimension of the functionings, sensory functioning most obviously deteriorates with aging and emotional well-being remains relatively high in old age.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to estimate the housing wealth effect on non-durable consumption using data from the Spanish Survey of Household Finances (Encuesta Financiera de las Familias, SHF) for the period 2002–2017.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors aim at identifying the effect of anticipated and unanticipated housing wealth changes on consumption with the sample of homeowners, following Paiella and Pistaferri (2017).

Findings
Results of this study lead us to conclude that there exists a strong housing wealth effect on consumption for the Spanish households.

Originality/value
The authors provide evidence against the permanent income model. They also analyse how the results change with income expectations, age and the household indebtedness rate. Finally, they detect a strong excess sensitivity to income.


Abstract : The purpose of this research is to examine the cohort of Naval Flight Officers (NFOs) commissioned from 1983 to 1990 and analyze the determinants of successful career progression, as measured by patterns of training performance, retention, and promotion. Training performance is defined as NFOs successfully earning their 'wings of gold'. Retention is defined as remaining in the service beyond the minimum service requirements to the Lieutenant Commander (LCDR/O-4) screening. Promotion is defined as being selected for LCDR. Determinants examined include source of commission, demographics (ethnicity, gender, and age), profile of academic institution, undergraduate and graduate education, time to train, and community platform.


A 330 MW pulverized coal-fired boiler with swirl burners is studied.FLUENT6.0 is adopted to simulate the burnning process of coal.Velocity distribution in burmer area and furnace outlet is obtained.The vlocity-distribution characteristics of swirl burners installed face to face are achieved.


The device has a clamping unit (44) arranged on a transit gap so as to connect with a constitution. A standard cylinder (8) is rotatable around a rotation cylinder in the constitution, where the standard and rotation cylinders are arranged on the clamping unit. Support bearings are connected with the rotation and standard cylinders, respectively. A pressure roller (10), which has a cylindrical rolling surface, is rotatable around a roller, and a tension unit is fitted to a rotational part (24) and a constitution part (22) in a predetermined radial position.


The aim of the research is the comprehensive analysis of the Indian diamond cutting industry's competitiveness (case study: Gujarati diamond cutting cluster). The authors show that the promotion of the diamond industry has a significant positive impact not only on the development of the economy of Gujarat, but also on the entire Indian economy as a whole. The authors pay attention to the evolution of the development of the Gujarat diamond cutting cluster, as well as its modern trends through the prism of the current situation on the world diamond market in the 2010s.The subject of the article is Gujarat diamond cutting cluster and the research question is to evaluate its drivers and limits. The working hypothesis of the study is the following: the competitiveness of the Indian diamond cutting industry is largely determined by the significant role of the state, which is generally typical for the Indian economy as a whole.The theoretical basis of the research is the synthesis of M.Porters concept of competitiveness of national economy branches and the mathematical approach of B.Balassa to the assessment of the revealed comparative advantages of the country on the specific product's world market. The research is based on the systematic approach to the study of national economy using basic methods of scientific knowledge such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis as well as field research.The specific feature of this article is a detailed analysis of the competitiveness model of the Indian diamond cutting industry, as well as the calculation of the Balassa index and the drawing the appropriate graphs.The article presents different data on the place of the Indian diamond industry on the global market and India's achievements in the special equipment production and fostering the creation of specific factors. Future studies should focus on further research on specific factors of competitiveness of Indian diamond cutting industry, as well as the role of the state in the Indian economy.


A triangulation of a punctured or pinched surface is irreducible if no edge can be shrunk without producing multiple edges or changing the topological type of the surface. The finiteness of the set of (non-isomorphic) irreducible triangulations of any punctured surface is established. Complete lists of irreducible triangulations are determined for the M\"obius band (6 in number) and the pinched torus (2 in number). All the non-isomorphic combinatorial types (20 in number) of triangulations of the projective plane with up to 8 vertices are determined.


Jurassic coal resources in Datong coal-field will close to exhausted,and Carboniferous-Permian coal resources in Datong coal-field will become target of large-scale development.The author think that orderless mining by small coalpits have wasted coal resources maximumly,and accelerated state-operated big mine aged and scrap,and geological calamity with capital shortage are limiting development of Datong mining area.So that suggest synthetical exploration and exploitation for coal and its company resources,and application on resources reasonably and effectively,and adopt the measure to prevent and cure geological calamity,carry out environmental protection, make coal industry sustainable deelopment.


The article is devoted to the problem of psychological support of the first-year students, who had been internally displaced from their native regions because of hostilities and military actions. There is presented a concept of complex psychological adaptation of first-year students to the university life. Generalization of the theories of the adaptability of adolescents and the concepts of their adaptation to the new conditions of life allowed finding some ways of this problem solving. The results of an empirical study of the individual-psychological qualities of first-year students are presented, the features of their social interaction and academic motivation are described. The article may be of interest to the practical-psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and educators.