Silvicultural alternatives to clear-cutting have been suggested to promote development, retention, or creation of late-successional features such as large trees, mul- tilayered canopies, snags, and logs. We assessed bird response to three silvicultural alter- natives to clear-cutting that retained structural features found in old Douglas-fir (Pseudo- tsuga menziesii) forests and that imitated natural disturbance regimes more closely than did traditional clear-cutting: (1) small-patch group selection treatment representing a low- intensity disturbance; (2) two-story treatment, representing a moderate to high-intensity disturbance; and (3) modified clear-cut treatment, representing a high-intensity disturbance. We counted diurnal breeding birds 1 yr prior to and 2 yr after harvest to estimate effects of the silvicultural treatments on bird communities compared with uncut controls. The small-patch group selection treatment was most similar in species composition to control stands. The two-story treatment was more similar to the modified clear-cut treatment. Ten bird species remained abundant following the small-patch group selection treatment. They declined in abundance in modified clearcuts and two-story stands. These species included four neotropical migratory species and five species with restricted geographic ranges and habitat associations. Nine species increased in response to moderate and/or high-intensity disturbances. This group included a larger proportion of species that were habitat generalists. Silvicultural treatments imitating low-intensity disturbances were most effective in retaining bird communities associated with mature forest; high-intensity disturbances such as the two-story and modified clear-cut treatments greatly altered bird community composition. Bird responses to the silvicultural treatments that we studied indicate that a variety of stand types is needed to meet needs of all species.


Active tilt control system (ATC) is considered to be a prominent technological advancement in the three wheelers (3Ws), which improves the drive and comfort capabilities of 3W, leading to additional benefits of excellent maneuverability and small track width. An experimental prototype along with its simulation model is developed, to study the impact of the tilt actuation control system (TAS) and active steer (AS) system on the overall drive experience and stability improvement. A steering direct tilt control (SDTC) strategy is implemented on the vehicle, which allows stable operation of the system during the entire drive range. A transfer function (TF) of the TAS is estimated from the measurements on the prototype using the system identification tool. The derived TF is then utilized to investigate the response of the complete vehicle in terms of vehicle trajectory, perceived acceleration and load transfer across the rear wheels during the double lane change (DLC) and constant turn maneuvers. The results of the analysis indicate that the perceived acceleration felt by the driver is up to 45% less than the lateral acceleration along with up to 36% reduction in load transfer across the rear wheels.


Recently, burglary and robbery cases has been increasing and one of the factors that contributes to the growth of these cases is the weakness on the old-style home security system. The old-fashioned key and lock system may bring challenges to the effectiveness of the system since the keys are exposed to the risks of being lost and duplicated. The advancement of technology has introduced an electronic combination lock system in which only the house owner and selected people can unlock the doors. A main goal of this paper is to design and develop an electronic combination lock system using Verilog code. The entrance door of a house will only unlock if the user slides the correct secret code on the slide switches of the Altera DE2-115 Trainer Board. A Verilog code of the keyless system had been designed and scripted in Intel Quartus Prime Software. The simulations via testbench waveforms are performed in ModelSim Software. When the system detected the entered code matched with the setting code, the door is going to unlock. Besides, when the system detected the entered code did not match the setting code, the door is still unlocked. When the user entered correct password, all green LEDs turned on and the LCD displayed "Welcome Home". Besides, when the user entered an incorrect password, all red LEDs turned on and the LCD displayed "Wrong Password". The output displayed are successfully demonstrated on the Altera DE2-115 Trainer Board according to the desired results.


Regional, industry, innovative and knowledge-based clusters have become popular and important policy tools to boost economic development and competitiveness at regional level. The expectations of their role is still growing as it can be seen in the statements of official documents of European Union concerning social and economic cohesion or competitiveness and innovation programmes and also in many national and regional strategic documents of member states. The cluster development dilemma appeared in many CEE countries. On the one hand clusters are business or industry driven, on the other hand the cluster initiatives for starting cluster-based policies are mostly public sector driven. The public sector has in the past often tried to develop clusters directly. Now it appears that its role may prove more effective in providing the infrastructure on which clusters can grow. The Czech Republic adopted the comprehensive approach to cluster-based policies which are incorporated in different national and regional strategies focused not only to regional development but to business and innovation support as well. The analysis of cluster-based interventions in different types of strategic documents is presented in the paper.


Over recent decades, more than 100 countries have introduced gender quotas worldwide. The international community has championed quota policies as a fast track to increase women's presence in national parliaments. This, argues Anouk Lloren, has greatly contributed to their adoption, sometimes in countries exhibiting a long patriarchal tradition. But are gender quotas effective?


The popularity of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is on the rise because of the benefits of sustainability. In an unavoidable scenario wherein crumb rubber–modified binder (CRMB) is adopted as a base binder in RAP mixes, the binder from RAP will blend with CRMB, thereby influencing its rheology and performance at high, intermediate, and low temperature. Hence, in this study, binder extracted from two RAP sources (RAP X and RAP Y) was blended with CRMB at varying proportions of 15, 25, and 40 % by weight. Isochronal temperature sweeps, isothermal frequency sweeps, and bending beam rheometer tests were conducted on the prepared blends. Thereafter, analytical and analogical studies were performed using master curve construction, 2S2P1D, and Huet modelling. The results indicated that RAP from different sources affects the high-, intermediate-, and low-temperature performance of CRMB. Different RAPs were observed to have contrasting effects on high-temperature performance grading. Intermediate-temperature performance based on cross-over temperature (TCROSS-OVER) indicated a compromise because of the inclusion of RAPs. An evaluation of the differences among critical temperatures at low temperature (ΔTc) indicated the degradation of low-temperature performance. Such changes in high-, intermediate-, and low-temperature performances were validated by complex modulus (G*), stiffness (S(t)), and stress relaxation (E(t)) master curves. Finally, the 2S2P1D and Huet model were observed to depict reasonably good fits for the prepared blends. This study concludes that RAPs from different sources have contrasting impact on CRMB and may adversely impact the intermediate- and low-temperature performance.


Calcific valve disease represents a disease spectrum that ranges from mild irregular valve thickening (or sclerosis) to severe valve obstruction

Over the past decade, our concept of the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease has undergone a major transformation. We now recognise that calcific valve disease is the end stage of an active disease process and is not caused by "wear and tear" of the valve tissue. Immunohistochemical studies of trileaflet aortic valves with varying degrees of valve stenosis have demonstrated the presence of inflammation, lipid infiltration, and production of proteins that mediate tissue calcification.

These studies have established the presence of T lymphocytes and macrophages both in the early stages of this disease process and in valves with severe stenosis removed at surgery.1,2 The inflammatory cell infiltrate is located in areas of subendothelial lipid infiltration on the aortic side of the valve leaflet with extension into the adjacent fibrosa, the dense collagenous layer of the leaflet that provides tensile strength. The focal presence of neutral lipid can be demonstrated with oil-red-O staining with specific immunohistochemical markers being consistent with infiltration of low density lipoprotein and lipoprotein Lp(a). In addition, there is evidence of lipid oxidation, as is seen in atherosclerotic …


The influence of natural infection by ascaridosis of swine is investigated. The quantity of lizocim and antibacterial act of blood was reduced. Water of meat was increase and flat was reduced.


In order to making the study of Lu Xun more facing the reality,it is necessary to advocate the "for life" study of Lu Xun,that is fully understanding the culture value of Lu Xun,and carry out the study facing the questions of the current polictics,economics,culture and social life.From the thinking level,we still live in "May Fourth" Period,and "democracy and science" is still our times banner,so Lu Xun is more needed.More specially,Lu Xun and college spirit,Lu Xun's "national spirit" thought,Lu Xun's intellectual attitude,Lu Xun's culture resource which base on the social fair and justice,and Lu Xun's experience of fighting against culture conservatism and so on,all worthy direction for study.


The purpose of this study is to make clear the behavior of swirling pipe flows with non-circular section.We have investigated experimentally and numerically the swirling flows in a rectangular channel with aspect ratio of 1.3,which is one of the typical pipe flow with non-circular section.In this paper,experimental apparatus with water circulation system is produced,and LDV measurement of the swirling flows is performed in order to clarify the mean velocities and turbulent quantity with higher accuracy.In addition,flow visualization for movement of vortex core region in the swirling flows is carried out using tracer method.Moreover,large eddy simulation (LES) of the flow field is made and compared with the experimental results.As results of these investigations,the behavior of the swirling flows in the rectangular channel is totally discussed.


DEVEREUX, G. I967. From anxiety to method in the behavioral sciences. The Hague: Mouton. HEELAS, P., AND A. LOCK. Editors. I98I. Indigenous psychologies: The anthropology of the self. London: Academic Press. O D D L I N G S M E E, j. I 988. "Niche-constructing phenotypes, " in The role of behavior in evolution. Edited by H. C. Plotkin. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press. SAGI, M., AND I. VITANYI. I97I. Psycho-sociological experiments with music in Hungary. Academiae Scientiarum Hangaricae Studia Musicologica I 3:9 5 I 2 I . WOOLGAR, s. Editor. I988. Knowledge and reflexivity: New frontiers in the sociology of knowledge. London: Sage.


A case of transient sympathetic block of the arm following percutaneous intercostal nerve injections is described and the possible aetiology discussed.


This sociological analysis considers belief as a "believing in the act" and not solely as an assent to a proposition taken to be true. This paper first demonstrates the relevance of the pragmatist approach in dealing with belief (Dewey, Bernstein). It then examines the "believing in the act" and its relation to uncertainty in light of three ideal-types of modalities: belief as aspiration (Simmel), belief as "self-discipline" (Mahmood, Foucault), and belief as experience of being together (Hervieu-Leger). In reality, these modalities may coexist or alternate in a given person. Empirical data are drawn from case studies concerning Catholic, Evangelical, and Islamic practices. The effects of the intensification of belief on dealing with uncertainty are also discussed.


Corn distillers grains is an excellent supplement for livestock diets, especially for ruminants due to its crude protein (CP) concentrations between 20-35% with half of that being readily degradable and the other half considered undegradable or bypass protein. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) range from 70-110% depending on how much of the product is dried and if the solubles are added. The form of the co-product that ethanol plants produce varies greatly depending on production and marketing goals of a particular plant. Some plants produce wet distillers grains (WDG) which do not have the drying cost that a drier coproduct would incur. This co-product is usually cheaper than some form of dried distillers grains, but since it includes more water, it is more expensive to transport long distances.


The adoption of the practices of well-being in animal husbandry has gained increased space due to proven improvement in production. Today, the condition of well being, may be extended to the human beings, that having good working conditions may reflect in a successful management of animals. Seeking to meet this new market trend, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ergonomic conditions of the environment and health in broiler sheds, equipped with three different minimal ventilation systems (positive, negative and natural) regarding workers' health. Associated with the effects of minimum ventilation systems evaluated the physical load of work, air quality, thermal environment, noise level and lighting besides postural and biomechanical analysis. After the data analysis, it was found that the shed equipped with positive ventilation system had an environment favorable for workers' health. Regardless of the ventilation system used, activities such as manual supply of feeder, cleaning of drinking water system and turning of the bed, may present risks of injury depending on how these activities are executed.


At the beginning of the West Han Dynasty,agricultural economy had recovered and developed rapidly,which is closely related to the central government's economic policy-returning peaceful life to the people.This policy was implemented in the early West Han Dynasty,which came after the brutal control of previous autocracy sovereign-Qin Dynasty.And the policy includes several areas,mainly six aspects.What's more,the policy played a positive role in history,more specifically,1.releasing the potential of the productivity;2.recovering the depressed economy rapidly;3.fortifying the sovereign of West Han Dynasty.So,the economic policy-returning peaceful life to the people will help and guide the construction of new socialist countryside.


PURPOSE: A system for connecting a car handset unit with an external device is provided to delete doubly installed software program from a car handset unit. . CONSTITUTION: An external device(200) mounts a connection part for performing communication with a car handset unit. The external device mounts application program and decoder program. The car handset unit mounts a car handset unit connection unit in order to be connected with the application program and the decoder program loaded in the external device. A wire/wireless interface interlinks the external device and the car handset unit.


Introduction: The autopsy is from the Greek word autopsia meaning "to see with one's own eyes." This procedure leads to extensive mutilation which often leaves the grieving family bothered. These drawbacks of the conventional autopsy led to the development of virtopsy. Virtopsy is the combination of the two words "Virtual Autopsy". Virtopsy, like autopsy, is a multidisciplinary approach that uses other branches of advanced sciences like radiology, image processing, physics, and biomechanics that aid the conventional autopsy.
This review article enumerates the benefits and drawbacks of both conventional autopsy and virtopsy indicating that neither is superior over the other and both must be used together to achieve a highly acceptable procedure to conduct autopsies.
Conclusion: Virtopsy is not the alternative to conventional autopsy but can be supportive and aids in achieving the perfect balance between the modern virtual autopsy and the old conventional autopsy. This review advocates a multidisciplinary research and advocacy to develop improved tools and protocols for better symbiotic relation between virtual autopsy and conventional autopsy to get the best out of the two.


As with most other Eastern European nations, Hungary is facing an environment crisis. The crisis was caused by an antiquated industrial machine that achieved production quotas by ignoring environmental impacts. It is reflected in widespread contamination of water supplies, heavy concentrations of chemicals on agricultural lands, and air laced with hazardous substances. The result is sickly trees in Hungary's forests and sickly people in its industrial centers. Despite massive political changes in Hungary and other Eastern European nations, the authors say that many of the same conditions that created the environmental problems persist - the assignment of a higher priority to economic and political goals than to environmental ones. Yet, the authors see hope in two significant steps: additional clout for state-sponsored environmental protection agencies and the growth and strengthening of citizen-led environmental groups. While warning that the people of Hungary must be prepared to weather the uncertainties and unpredictability of the nation's economic performance during this time of transition, they are optimistic that the people will insist that environmental concerns are integrated into the nation's future economic development strategies.


The recent South African launch of Biohaven's Floating Islands in Stellenbosch at the Van den Berg Garden Village in the outdoor chapel started in a rather extraordinary way with a fun wedding: a marriage of trees. Actually not any old trees were getting hitched, but two indigenous South African trees: Loxostylis alata or tierhout (tiger tree) and Calpurnia aurea. On a sunny Western Cape day, the two trees took their places in the chapel before the 160 guests, blushingly brought in by nursery owner Toos van den Berg and her brightly clad staff pushing the bridal barrows. For the love of nature, Toos explained, they thought of the Tree Wedding - the Floating Islands, she added, seemed a fitting wedding gift to the two trees.The fun event also served to show how different trees can live together in harmony - and how trees can be intertwined and prettily plaited in a pot or container.


The long history of translation in China and the indispensable role of translation in the development and modernization of Chinese culture don't bring translation, from the very beginning, the deserved high social position. The attitude toward translation in China develops with the time, which can be divided into three stages.


By means of literature reviews and questionnaires,the authors analyzed lack of competition on China' s major sports venues and their impact. Based on lack of competition theory,the authors described the causes of insufficient competition venues operating performance. Followed by analysis of the state of lack of competition venues operated under the expected results,its results included desired result,operating inefficiencies and operating profits,while operating profits were inefficient and generated deadweight loss. Finally,for this problem it is proposed to improve the quality supervision system,strengthen supervision stadium products; steady implementation of the privatization reform through full investigation; improve operations and rely on non- competitive antitrust laws,regulations venues and advantage of diversification of the main structure,optimize operations results and actively filing and summary facilitate for government procurement of services experience proposals.


This paper reports an experiment conducted in the Intensive Reading classroom.The experiment introduces a new teaching mode,aiming to promote learner autonomy among 75 university English majors in the Chinese context.The quantitative analysis of the experimental results,on the basis of the data collected from the Intensive Reading tests and questionnaires,leads to the finding that the new teaching mode is both feasible and effective in that it helps to promote learner autonomy and raise learners' academic record.


Submitted for the DNP11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Random Matrix Theory Approach for Unstable Nuclei1 GAVRIIL SHCHEDRIN, VLADIMIR ZELEVINSKY, Michigan State University — Random Matrix Theory as a statistical approach for exploring energy spectra of complex quantum systems was pioneered by Wigner and Dyson in 1950's. This theory was successfully applied to excited states of complex nuclei and other mesoscopic systems evaluating statistical fluctuations and correlations in energy levels and corresponding wave functions. The standard random matrix approach was formulated only for closed systems with no coupling to the outside world. Later it was generalized for decaying systems with energies of unstable states in the complex plane. Recent precise experiments showed that the neutron width distribution in low-energy neutron resonances cannot be described by the standard Porter-Thomas distribution that follows from standard random matrix theory. We analyze the combined distribution function of resonance widths and energies in an unstable quantum system that follows from the statistical assumptions which agree with the general quantum requirements, such as unitarity of the scattering matrix. We show that such statistical theory indeed leads to the trend observed experimentally. 1Support from the NSF grant PHY-0758099 is acknowledged. Vladimir Zelevinsky Michigan State University Date submitted: 01 Jul 2011 Electronic form version 1.4


In order to understand the fundamental electrical leakage and reliability failure mechanisms in nano-electronic low-k dielectric/metal interconnect structures, we have utilized x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy to determine the valence and conduction band offsets present at interfaces between non-porous and porous low-k a-SiOxCy:H interlayer dielectrics and a-SiCxNy:H metal capping layers. The valence band offset for such interfaces was determined to be 2.7 ± 0.2 eV and weakly dependent on the a-SiOC:H porosity. The corresponding conduction band offset was determined to be 2.1 ± 0.2 eV. The large band offsets indicate that intra metal layer leakage is likely dominated by defects and trap states in the a-SiOC:H and a-SiCN:H dielectrics.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Ocular perfusion pressure was found to be an independent risk factor for the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in a Chinese cohort of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Purpose: To investigate the association between mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP), estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP), and changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Northeastern Chinese population with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 1,322 subjects from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study were enrolled. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded. MOPP was calculated by the following formula: MOPP = 2/3 [DBP + 1/3 (SBP − DBP)] – IOP, and CSFP was estimated according to the following formula: CSFP = 0.44 × body mass index + 0.16 × DBP − 0.18 × age − 1.91. New development, progression, and regression of DR were graded based on fundus photographs at baseline and during follow-up examinations with a mean interval of 21.2 months using the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria. Results: Increasing MOPP was associated with the incidence of DR in the multivariate model (per 1-mmHg increase: relative risk, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.10; P = 0.007) and showed a borderline negative association with DR regression (per 1-mmHg increase: relative risk, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.00; P = 0.053). However, MOPP was not associated with progression of DR. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was not associated with new development, progression, or regression of DR. Conclusion: The MOPP, but not the CSFP, was found to influence the development, but not the progression of DR in this Northeastern Chinese cohort.


I N our day newspapers take account of certain family crises, and the novel fills in the background. May Sinclair's Mary Olivier serves well as an example of the modern novel. It relates the inner story of its chief character, in the creation of which the author was unquestionably compelled to look within herself, to become implicitly if not explicitly autobiographical. It is a "problem story" in which moral values and esthetic values, the two chief concerns of the novelist, grow out of inner conflict. The theme is the stream of consciousness, not the sequence of external events. The emphasis is upon character development, not plot. These qualities are uncommonly emphasized in Mary Olivier by means of a trick of style, a trick described by Miss Sinclair in a later book, Far End, and there explained by her character Christopher Vivart. Vivart is speaking.


The topological structure of animal brains is likely to be interesting because the computational power of brains is thought to be almost entirely due to its wiring pattern and hierarchical organization. At the same time, this pattern is not at all well understood, and the information about the wiring pattern of the nematode C. elegans, for example, is unique in the literature. A promising direction for the study of network topology in the absence of detailed biological data is the Artificial Life approach, where functional networks are evolved that determine the survival of artificial organisms in an artificial chemistry and genetics. Recently, we used this approach to understand modularity in evolved artificial metabolic networks and developed new tools to dissect their topological and functional characteristics. Here, we apply some of these tools to the study of the brains of robots that have evolved to behave in a simulated world. The robots that are controlled by these brains are simulated versions of real robots (the ATRV Jr. of the iRobot Corporation) whose properties we tested in our laboratory. Both the robot and its environment are simulated in a three-dimensional world that implements realistic rigid body dynamics via the Open Dynamics Engine (ODE). As a consequence, evolved controllers could in principle be transplanted onto the simulated robots' real-world counterparts. Neural computational tissues ("brains") are grown from genomes that implement neural network development and function based on a set of rules ("genes") that are conditionally executed, that is, regulated, by a set of simulated proteins produced by the cells in the tissue. This system ("Simnoesis") is based on the "Norgev" platform but was completely rewritten in order to be able to evolve complex tissues that process many temporally varying input signals. We evolve neural tissues on two-dimensional grids (of up to 15x15 neurons) that control a simulated ATRV Jr with 19 sensors (17 sonars, a compass, and a sensor relaying distance to goal), controlling two motors driven by two actuators for differential steering. The evolved tissues control complex robot behavior, such as wall-following, obstacle avoidance, and goal-finding, using a complex network structure reminiscent of the C. elegans connection graph. The fitness evaluation of a genome consists of growing the network, and evaluating the behavior of the robot in a 3D environment akin to the fitness evaluation in the work of Sims). Fitness evaluation and evolution via a Genetic Algorithm is implemented within the EVO software. We analyze the properties of evolved neural networks using standard tools (such as edge-distribution, shortest-path length, and betweenness centrality), as well as new tools that reveal robustness and modularity via clustering methods and information theory. We find that the topological properties of evolved functional networks are very different from their randomized counterparts, and characterize the "rarity" of these networks with standard statistical tests. Finally, we compare the topological properties of our evolved networks to the connection graph of C. elegans.


The research of Palembang wood carving art on Al Quran Al Akbar is the study toward aesthetic values. This research aims at revealing the aesthetic values and embodiment process of Palembang wood carving art on Al Quran Al Akbar until its presentation. This research used qualitative research method having descriptive characteristics with the approach of aesthetic study. Visually, the aesthetic values of Palembang wood carving art on Al Quran Al Akbar were the carving of Al Quran calligraphy, the blend of gold and reddish brown colours as the unique characteristics of Palembang wood carving, the existence of ornamental variety as the ornamentation of Palembang wood carving. The aesthetic values of Palembang wood carving can also be explored through values contained in that artwork such as religious, cultural and historical values. The aesthetic values of Palembang wood carving on Al Quran Al Akbar are presented through its presentation built in the form of museum so that artwork becomes a monumental artwork namely the icon of religious tourism in Palembang.


these risks. However, we believe that Dr. Paumgartten missed the important data that we reported and instead focused on the safety of psychotropic drug use in pregnancy. The objective of our study was to evaluate the risk perception of psychotropic drug use in pregnancy among physicians in different medical specialties, as clearly stated in both the abstract and main text. We would like to reiterate that, based on scientific evidence, psychotropic drugs in general do not pose a significant teratogenic risk. Even paroxetine, which women are advised to avoid in pregnancy, is associated with an only marginal increase in risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1 : 11 to 1 : 49), not exceeding the percentage researched in our article as being ''perceived high risk'' (. 5%). A recent review discussed studies that reported teratogenic potential and negative outcomes and noted that, when evaluating the benefit/risk ratio of SSRI treatment during pregnancy, the risks associated with discontinuation of treatment – e.g., higher frequency of relapse, increased risk of obstetric complications and postpartum depression – appeared to outweigh the teratogenic potential. Even if we consider that the risks of antidepressants are still unknown, despite thousands of reported pregnancy outcomes in the literature, untreated perinatal depression can cause significant distress and is associated with known risks to the mother-infant relationship and to child development. The take-home message of this survey was that most physicians, even those with informed experience in the treatment of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy, are reluctant to prescribe psychotropics in this setting. Challenges that surround drug treatment in the perinatal period are not just related to the safety/risk of medications, but also include the continuing stigma of mental illness, as well as fear of possible legal ramifications. When this is factored in with an unrealistically high perception of treatment risk, it is understandable that physicians may be hesitant to treat a pregnant woman, even if armed with evidence-based information that suggests relative safety. Deciding whether to continue to take a psychotropic medication during pregnancy is a complex decision for both women and their physicians. Information from friends, family, the media, and physicians can also have an important impact on decision-making regarding pharmacotherapy for psychiatric disorders during pregnancy. Empathy towards these women, combined with available evidence-based information, can guide physicians in advising their patients to make an informed decision, despite the absence of definitive clinical guidelines, to ensure the best possible outcome for both mother and child.


In this paper, three categories of dyeing wastewater were treated by impulse discharge. The discharge route was along rod-rod gap and needle-plate gap respectively. Several parameters such as COD, chromaticity were investigated. The results showed that the chemical structure of dyeing was destroyed significantly by impulse discharge; (1) In comparison with the original wastewater of 150 mg/l in COD and 2000(dilution factor) in chromaticity, the disperse dyeing wastewater was decolorized efficiently more than 90% under 7.8 kA current in peak for rod-rod gap case. (2) Both the direct dyeing wastewater and reactive dyeing wastewater was also decolorized dramatically using a needle-plate gap. The chromaticity of both categories of dyeing wastewater was removed more than 90%, but the COD tended to increase.


To examine the utility and prognostic significance of enzymatic serum acid phosphatase (total acid phosphatase, TAP, and prostatic fraction of acid phosphatase, PFAP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for staging, grading and outcome of patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) after the introduction of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing.


Two experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of a low inclusion commercial HSCAS in preventing the deleterious effects of aflatoxin (AF) in broiler chicks. Feed in both experiments was experimentally contaminated with synthetic aflatoxin. In Experiment 1, 75 1-d-old Arbor Acres straight-run broilers were randomly distributed into three dietary treatments with 25 replications each. T I was a corn-wheat-soybean meal (control diet), T II control + 1 ppm aflatoxin , and T III control + 1ppm aflatoxin + 2.5 kg/mt binder. At 40 d of age, birds fed 1 ppm aflatoxin contaminated diet showed significant lower body weight, poorer feed conversion, smaller bursa and severe macroscopic oral lesions than chicks fed the control diet. The addition of binder significantly prevented the impaired performance, bursa damage and the severe oral lesions observed in chicks fed aflatoxin. In second Experiment, 32 5d-old Ross male chicks were randomly divided into four dietary treatments with 8 replications each. T I was a sorghum-soybean meal control diet, T II control + 2.5kg/mt Binder, T III control + 1.25ppm aflatoxin and T IV control + 1.25ppm aflatoxin + 2.5kg/mt binder. Feeding aflatoxin contaminated diet plus binder resulted in statistically significant heavier and more efficient broilers, with substantially reduced gross oral lesions and microscopic organs lesions (tongue, gizzard, thymus, bursa, spleen, liver, and kidney) than those fed 1.25ppm aflatoxin at 38 d of age. The addition of 2.5 kg/mt of Binder to chick diets did not show any statistical difference in performance and bone ash compared to the control diet, demonstrating its lack of nutrients absorption. These results indicated that binder at 2.5 kg/mt was effective in preventing the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers chicks.


The substrate melting can significantly improve the properties of plasma spray coatings. Indeed the adhesion of the projected particles to the substrate can be ameliorated by the substrate melting. In this article, a numerical model is developed to study the dynamics of fluids and heat transfer with liquid/solid phase change during impact of a fully melted alumina particle on an aluminum solid substrate, taking into account of the substrate melting. The model is based on solving the Navier-Stokes and energy equations with liquid / solid phase change. These equations are coupled with the fluid of volume method (VOF), to follow the free surface of the particle during its spreading and solidification. The finite volume method is used to discretize the equations in a 2D axisymmetric domain. A comparison with the published experimental results was carried out to validate this numerical model. Simulations were performed for different initial droplet diameters to study its effect on droplet spreading as well as on substrate melting. It has been observed that the substrate melting begins before the droplet spreads completely; the substrate melting reaches its maximum when the droplet is close to its total solidification. Droplet spreading and substrate melting are more important for large sizes droplets.


The flavonoids present in the tea are known to exhibit anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiarteriosclerosis, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antidiuretic activities and thus they are therapeutically important class of compounds. Therefore it is necessary to find out levels of bioactive compounds in various tea samples. In the present investigation six commercial varieties including black and green tea from Indian market were analyzed for their total flavonoid content using uv-visible spectrophotometer. The total amounts of flavonoid were determined by aluminium chloride method with some modifications and the total flavonoids were expressed as mg/g of quercetin equivalents. The results shown that all tea samples tested found to contain comparable high total flavonoids as rich sources of bioactive compounds and it justifies their use for human health benefits.


[Purpose] To investigate the treatment efficacy and prognosis of localised primary esophageal small cell carcinoma(PESC).[Methods] Clinical data of 53 patients with localised PESC from Jan.2002 to Dec.2011 were reviewed.The survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test.Prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox regression.[Results] The median survival of 53 patients was 14.5 months,and 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 62.3%,29.2% and 15.6% respectively.Median survival of surgery combined with radiochemotherapy group was 17.4 months,that of surgery alone group was 7.1 months,with significant difference(P=0.007).Univariate prognostic analysis showed complicated with other diseases,treatment matality,regional lymph node metastasis,vessel involvement were prognostic factors.Multivariate analysis by Cox regression showed that vessel involvement was the only independent prognostic factor for PESC.[Conclusion] Vessel involvement is the independent prognostic factor for localised PESC,comprehensive therapy may improve the survival of PESC patients.


Necessary and sufficient conditions of pointwise completeness at time t1 (i.e. no component of the n-dimensional state vector should be equal to zero at time i, for all possible choices of the initial functions) of any system of the form x(t)= Ax(t) + Bx(t-h) are given. It has been shown that if the linear time-invariant delay-differential system is not pointwise complete at time t1, then it is also not pointwise complete at time t>t1 and if the linear time-invariant delay-differential system is not pointwise complete at time t=t1 >(n-1)hthen it is also not pointwise complete at time t= >(n-1)h.


The number of planted trees per hectare influences individual volume growth, which in turn can affect wood properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of six different plantation spacings of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) 25 years following planting on tree growth, morphology, and wood properties. Stem analyses were performed to calculate annual and cumulative diameter, height, and volume growth. For morphological and wood property measurements several parameters were analyzed: diameter of the largest branch, live crown ratio, wood density, and the moduli of elasticity and rupture on small clear samples. The highest volume growth for individual trees was obtained in the 1111 trees/ha plantation, while the lowest was in the 4444 trees/ha plantation. Wood density and the moduli of elasticity and rupture did not change significantly between the six plantation spacings, but the largest branch diameter was significantly higher in the 1111 trees/ha (3.26 cm mean diameter) compared with the 4444 trees/ha spacing (2.03 cm mean diameter). Based on this study, a wide range of spacing induced little negative effect on the measured wood properties, except for the size of knots. Increasing the initial spacing of jack pine plantations appears to be a good choice if producing large, fast-growing stems is the primary goal, but lumber mechanical and visual properties could be decreased due to the larger branch diameter.


The present work purposes to describe a project for the development and building of a system that allows to realize flow and level control of continuous casting model simulation of Pyrometallugy laboratory of Federal University of Ouro Preto, performing a communication between hardware and software about USB communication. On industrial sector, the variables control of process is done with the purpose to obtaining a final product with better quality combined with cost reduction. On steel sector, specifically on continuous casting process, the process variable to be controlled for which steel cast better quality is the level inside the mold. For this, the variable manipulated to obtain so that control is the flow. Considering this context, the proposal this work is to show a idea of flow and level control, as well as the methods to realize the such control


(54) NON-TOXIC CORROSION INHIBITOR 5,480,576 A 1/1996 Gary et al. 5.487,779 A 1/1996 Sinko (75) Inventors: Steve Hodges, Crown Point, IN (US); 5,489.466 A 2/1996 Inaba et al. Wendy Novelli, Chicago Heights, IL 5,500.463 A 3/1996 Nishimura et al. (US) 5,529,811 A 6/1996 Sinko 5,534,170 A 7/1996 Watts rr. A 5,558.706 A 9/1996 Sinko (73) ASSignee: Haymond Group, Inc., Hammond, IN 5,607.820 A 3/1997 Nakamura (US) 5,612,093 A 3/1997 Braig et al.


Cyclic compounds of general formula (I) DOLLAR F1 with the meaning DOLLAR A n integer in the range of 1 to 7, DOLLAR A XYZ each independently OC = N, N = CO, NH-C = N, N = C-NH, SC = N, N = CS, DOLLAR AR · 1 · R · 2 · R · 3 · each independently H or a substituent of the group C¶1-12¶ alkyl, C¶1-12¶ alkanoyl, C¶ 3-7¶ cycloalkyl, C¶6-12¶ aryl, aralkyl C¶7-13¶, C¶7-13¶Alkaryl, C¶1-12¶ alkoxy, aryloxy C¶6-12¶ , C¶1-12¶ hydroxyalkyl, heterocyclic, C¶6-12¶-aroyl which may be substituted in each case halogen, cyano, isocyano, nitro, ammonium, amino, phosphine, hydroxy, thiol, phosphine oxide, sulphonic acid or derivative thereof, carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, derivatives of silicon, DOLLAR A wherein also R · 1 · and R * 2 * and / or R * 2 * and R * 3 * may form substituted fused ring systems comprising 1 to 3 rings, each independently optionally, the may contain a hetero atom groups, or may form substituted alkylene groups optionally represented by Hete roatomgruppen may be interrupted DOLLAR A wherein on average 0.01 to 12 of the present in the molecule radicals R · 1 · R · 2 · R · 3 · of hydrogen may be different, DOLLAR A or corresponding heterocyclic compounds in which at least is replaced a -CR · 1 · =, -CR * 2 * =, -CR · 3 · by -N =, are DOLLAR a or metal complexes of the cyclic compounds DOLLAR a as light absorbers, materials for hole injection layers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), phase transfer catalysts A DOLLAR or as synergistic agents for the dispersing of pigments.


Heritage, images, shrines, beliefs and devotions are related to culture, identity, religious feeling and faith, but also to the consumption of a tourism product. Religious tourism is an important type of cultural tourism that is now firmly established within the range of tourism products available in Spain. The article aims to demonstrate that religious tourism and cultural tourism form a joint trend that is an expression of the commercialisation of culture or, more exactly, of religion and popular devotion. Based on this hypothesis, the authors examine the cases of Montserrat monastery, the Road to Santiago and Holy Week in Granada that have in common a link between religious heritage and tourism. They emerge as examples of cultural and religious expression that have become multi-motivated tourism products, albeit with a significant religious base.


Information security in Electronic commerce is a very important, and image is one of the important information. Classic image encryption algorithms include Arnold cat transformation, magic square transformation, Hilbert transformation, and the Arnold cat transformation is widely applied and has the best scrambling effect effectively. It puts forward an algorithm of image encryption based on Arnold cat and chaotic map. The experiment results show that the key quantities and scrambling effect are improved obviously, and it is rapid and security.


Recta of desert locusts were mounted as flat sheets in 'Ussing-type' chambers and various parameters of tissue viability were monitored. The trans-epithelial resistance, the electropotential difference, the short-circuit current (I sc ), and unidirectional fluxes of 22 Na + , 36 C1 − and 42 K + all remained relatively constant during the 3rd and 4th h. The direction of the I sc indicated a net transport of either anions to the haemocoel, or cations to the lumen side. This current was abolished by KCN and was sensitive to temperature (Q 10 = 2.4). There was a rapid decline in I sc over the first 2 h, which could be abolished by substituting NO 3 − or SO 4 2- for Cl − in the bathing medium, indicating that this fall in current is due to a decline in the rate of Cl − transport. Measurements of 36 C1 − fluxes under short-circuit conditions confirm this interpretation. In the steady-state (3rd and 4th h), however, the same anion substitutions had no effect on I sC . Concurrent flux measurements indicated that net Na + and K + transport to the haemocoel side equals or slightly exceeds that of C1 − in the same direction. Consequently all of the I sc must be due to unidentified ion transport processes. Transport of H + to the lumen, or HCO 3 − and organic anions to the haemocoel side, is proposed.


The contributions of this dissertation are new IDDQ current testing features and corresponding application methodologies. In the graphical IDDQ current testing research, we discovered that noise, in the entire set of current measurements for a chip, is a vastly superior feature for determining whether a chip is good or bad, when compared with present methods. A single IDDQ current threshold, whether absolute or differential, cannot separate good/bad chips with any desirable accuracy or confidence for the SEMATECH data. The reason is that the good chip IDDQ signature can be one or many well-defined bands of measurements. A bad chip IDDQ always shows noise and glitches in the band structure. The essence of the graphical IDDQ test is to look at the shape of the waveform defined by the total set of the IDDQ measurements, to see: (1) The number of bands that all of the current measurements cluster into, (2) The width and separation of the bands, and (3) Current glitch or noise detection among all IDDQ measurements.
It is different from other IDDQ testing methods in that it allows good circuits to have multiple bands inside the entire measurement set; and, it differentiates chips by detecting noise (glitches) among the bands that the IDDQ measurements cluster into, and these glitches may not exceed the allowable thresholds of conventional IDDQ testing. This testing method is generalized and improved using data mining techniques so as to be customized to different digital CMOS chips and different manufacturing technologies. It shows very high accuracy for both SEMATECH data with a test escape rate of 5.97% and an overkill rate of 1.2%, (the method also corrects probing errors), and 0.18 μ m process ASIC data with a test escape rate of 6.2% (the overkill rate is not presented here because of insufficient data), compared to a test escape of more than 7.5% for the ΔIDDQ method and 7.6% for the current difference method. For SEMATECH data, the graphical IDDQ method had a 1.2% test overkill, compared with 2.3% for the single threshold method, 6.1% for current difference method and 7.6% for the ΔIDDQ method.
Practical application guidance, including the application procedure, the classifier generation and the test limitations, are given in the thesis. Correlation analysis is conducted on the feature set of graphical IDDQ testing using SEMATECH data. Results show that there is a strong correlation between some features that should not be causal. This proves that the choice of a mixed parametric and non-parametric graphical IDDQ testing classifier to relax the correlation among these selected features is worthwhile in this dissertation.


Abstract. We report results from a 3-year field investigation to limit hybridization between native and nonnative suckers in 2 small tributaries of the Gunnison River basin, Delta County, Colorado. Upstream movement to spawning habitat was selectively impeded by picket weir in intermittent Cottonwood Creek. There, native suckers were identified based on morphological characters in the field and were transferred upstream of the weir, whereas nonnative fishes were excluded from upstream movement. Another stream, Potter Creek, was not impeded by weir. Genetic identification of adult fishes in both streams was consistent with morphological identification in the field. Larval genetic identification was consistent with probable spawning species in Potter Creek. However, in Cottonwood Creek, larval fish proportions differed significantly from likely spawners. Proportions of nonnative suckers were high in Cottonwood Creek because exclusion structures were compromised by flooding during the spawning season. Yet, instream control of spawning by nonnative fishes has potential for reducing the incidence of hybridization, but practical challenges remain for implementation in the field.


Simple Summary Myxomatous mitral valve disease is the most common acquired cardiopathy in dogs. The earliest onset and the highest incidence of the disease is found in cavalier King Charles spaniels. Previous studies have suggested a polygenic inheritance of the disease in this breed. Here, we aim to expand the knowledge of the genetic basis of early-onset myxomatous mitral valve disease in cavalier King Charles spaniels. The selection of cases and controls is a crucial point of the study and is based on clinical, echocardiographic, and genealogical examinations. We perform three complementary genomic analyses that have never been used for investigating this pathology to identify 10 genes differentiating the genomes of the two groups. After examining these genes, we conclude that HEPACAM2, CDK6, and FAH (which are also related to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, probably associated with the development of the disease) are the ones that are most likely involved in the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease. Abstract Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCSs) show the earliest onset and the highest incidence of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Previous studies have suggested a polygenic inheritance of the disease in this breed and revealed an association with regions on canine chromosomes 13 and 14. Following clinical and echocardiographic examinations, 33 not-directly-related CKCSs were selected and classified as cases (n = 16) if MMVD was present before 5 years of age or as controls (n = 17) if no or very mild MMVD was present after 5 years of age. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyped with a Canine 230K SNP BeadChip instrument. Cases and controls were compared with three complementary genomic analyses (Wright's fixation index—FST, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity—XP-EHH, and runs of homozygosity—ROH) to identify differences in terms of heterozygosity and regions of homozygosity. The top 1% single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and mapped, and the genes were thoroughly investigated. Ten consensus genes were found localized on chromosomes 3-11-14-19, partially confirming previous studies. The HEPACAM2, CDK6, and FAH genes, related to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway and heart development, also emerged in the ROH analysis. In conclusion, this work expands the knowledge of the genetic basis of MMVD by identifying genes involved in the early onset of MMVD in CKCSs.


"High levels of urbanization have created great demands on water quantity and quality – sanitary infrastructure, which has not kept pace with population growth, now requires large-scale investments" (HOGAN, 1993: p. 77). Carmo et al. (2014) noted that there is a significant correlation between rising incomes and water consumption, implying that the economic development of cities can lead to a higher percentage of the population having access to safe drinking water, but also allowing for an increase of consumption. Through the urbanization process, new consumption patterns and lifestyles emerge within the city, so local governments must promote responsible consumption and production patterns, not only for water, but for all natural resources in order to achieve a more sustainable development (ZHANG, 2016). Water stress due to climate change or an imbalance in its multiple uses can aggravate conflicts when poorly managed in urban and densely populated space, where the array of stakeholders is complex. This problem affects especially major cities in developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Two of the most populous countries in two of those regions are China and Brazil, that have undergone very different development paths. For instance, when Brazil was still under Portuguese colonization, China had already established centuries-old cities. In the second half of the 20th century however, Brazil underwent one of the fastest urban transitions of all times. What has caused an acceleration in the Brazilian urbanization process, and what made China establish a slower and possibly more controlled pace? China has two major policies that greatly influence its urban growth: the Hukou system and fertility control, i.e. One/Two-Child Policy. The Hukou system controlled rural-urban migration and the One-Child Policy has led to a very small natural growth rate, and in some cities even to a decline, as in the case of Shanghai. The social, economic and environmental challenges faced by Brazilian cities are of great complexity because planning processes were not able to keep up with this increase in urban population. This rapid change has not taken place in a harmonious way, being particularly harsh on the poorer contingent of the population and adding a burden to the most vulnerable (MARTINE; MCGRANAHAN, 2010). São Paulo's metropolitan region, for example, has suffered from water stress over the past years. Will a mega project like the South–North Water Transfer Project bring about challenges of water scarcity to Shanghai's population, like its Brazilian counterpart? This project analyses socio-demographic variables relating population volume, number of households, urbanization level and water consumption (both domestic and non-domestic), for comparing these two undoubtedly different development paths, that can present more similarities between each other than the European trajectories that originated most demographic theories.


We have made an attempt to perfect the process of psychophysical training of the students with some health abnormalities based on individual typological approach involving some motility structure peculiarities.


In the present work, we investigate the effect of low phosphorus doped polysilicon thin films. These later are deposited on glass substrates by low pressure chemical vapor Deposition (LPCVD) technique and are in situ doped with phosphine adjunction to silane. Doping levels are reported by the phosphine to silane ratio Γ varying from 0 (undoped layer) to heavily doped layer almost 1.2 × 10–3. Films are characterized by different techniques as Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (PDS), photoluminescence measurements and x-ray diffraction of polycrystalline layers. The last one reveals that doping concentration giving modification in crystallite size and presence of microstrain, so a clear reduction in the Eg value was observed for the slightest doped layer (Γ = 3.7 × 10–7) by comparaison with the undoped one ((Γ = 0). Results give evidence of an optimum doping level to obtain higher polysilicon films quality. Polysilicon film quality has been correlated to phosphorus doping levels. Thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated on glass substrate using a top gate four mask process at low temperature (<600 °C). Electrical characterizations highlight significant improvements in the TFTs performances using slightly doped film instead of undoped one as active layer. Based on Levinson's model, density of states within the grain boundaries is also found to be the lowest. Stability under stress is enhanced too. For slightly doped films, electrical characterizations indicate that both threshold voltage Vth and density of states NT within the grain boundaries have their lowest values. Although, the field effect mobility μ records its highest values. Additionally, low doping levels enhances the TFT stability under stress. As a result, the in situ low doping strategy opens the way to manufacture polysilicon electronic devices exhibiting high electrical performances and a rather high stability under stress effects.


Approximately 5 to 7% of the pregnant women in your practice will be affected by hyperglycaemia and a large proportion of these women will have a BMI > than 25 kg / m2 with accompanying insulin resistance. Most doctors, health care professionals and their patients are aware of the importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy, but may not be aware of the specific nutritional recommendations on how to achieve a healthy infancy outcome.


Introduction: Expansion of community water fluoridation has stalled in the United States, leaving 115 million Americans without fluoridated drinking water. Objective: This study used spatial regression methods to assess contributions of supply-side factors (neighboring counties' fluoridation coverage) and demand-side factors (health literacy, education, and population density of the local county) in predicting the extent of fluoridation in US counties. Methods: For this cross-sectional ecological analysis, data from the 2014 Water Fluoridation Reporting System for all 3,135 US counties were merged with sociodemographic data from the 2014 American Community Survey and county-level estimates of health literacy based on the National Association of Adult Literacy Survey. We employed multilevel geographically weighted autoregressive models to predict fluoridation coverage of each county as a function of fluoridation coverage of neighboring counties and local-county covariates: either health literacy or sociodemographic characteristics. Akaike's Information Criterion was used to distinguish the better model in terms of explanatory power and parsimony. Results: In the best-fit model, an increase from the first to third quartile of neighboring counties' fluoridation coverage was associated with an increase of 27.76 percentage points (95% confidence limits [CI] = 27.71, 27.81) in a local county's fluoridation coverage, while an increase from the first to third quartile of local county's health literacy was associated with an increase of 2.8 percentage points (95% CL = 2.68, 2.89). The results are consistent with a process of emulation, in which counties implement fluoridation based upon their population's health literacy and the extent of fluoridation practiced in neighboring counties. Conclusion: These results suggest that demand for community water fluoridation will increase as health literacy increases within a county. Furthermore, when considering expansion of fluoridation, non-fluoridated communities can benefit from precedents from nearby communities that are fluoridated. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Expanded coverage of community water fluoridation has stalled in the United States. The economic theory of diffusion describes how, over time and space, policy enacted in one community can influence public opinion in a neighboring community. This study applies geospatial analysis of county-level data and the theory of policy diffusion to demonstrate that fluoridated counties can promote the implementation of community water fluoridation in their neighboring, non-fluoridated communities.


The purpose of this study is to find out the current development and potential problem of Sports ESP education at the Korean University level. For this purpose, a total of 128 Universities were examined by reviewing curriculums. The major findings are as follows (1) 27.5% of departments have Sports ESP courses (2) Sports ESP courses provided at Korean Universities are not various (3) In term of course name, 'Sports English,' 'Sports English Conversation,' 'Golf English,' 'Taekwondo English,' and 'Sports Industry English' are the most. (4) Sports ESP focusing on practical use is more than those focusing Academic use. Based on these findings, this study suggests more systematic approaches to the development of Sports ESP courses. Development of Sports English DB and material and sharing teaching methods by collaboration of sports major specialists and English Educators.


COLLECTION Valencia 18-20th May 2015 Scientists workshop: ARCHITECTURE, ARCHAEOLOGY AND CONTEMPORARY CITY PLANNING State of knowledge in the digital age Valencia 18-20th May 2015 ARCHITECTURE, ARCHAEOLOGY AND CONTEMPORARY CITY PLANNING "State of knowledge in the digital age"


Racemic clopidogrel was synthesized from 2-(2-thienyl)ethylamine through Pictet Spenglerand reaction to give 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno [3,2-C]pyridine,then reacted with methyl α-bromo-2-chloro phenylacetate.The overall yield was 61.5%.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: claimed invention describes heterocycles of general structural formula (I):are tachikinin receptor antagonists useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, pain or migraine or asthma, and agents that block calcium passages and which are useful in the treatment of cardiovascular states such as angina, hypertonia or ischemia. EFFECT: improved properties of the pharmcomposition.


This guide will help you get started with your next systematic review, Scoping Review, or other review types. The Temple Systematic Review Service guide will help you with your next review or systematic review.


Research background: The computerization and computerization of the judiciary are important support tools with great potential in addressing key issues in the judiciary. The basic architecture of the modernization and informatization of justice consists of the Electronic Judicial File, Development of Electronic Judicial Services, Electronic monitoring of offenders and the Register of Bankruptcies projects. In terms of scope and financial volume, the most intensive electronicization of Slovak courts in their modern history is currently underway. At present, an electronic person monitoring system is also being successfully implemented in Slovakia, which represents a fundamental modernization of prisons, but also an increase in the safety of citizens against perpetrators of violent crimes, domestic violence or crime at public mass events.
Purpose of the article: The main goal of the paper is to analyze the problems in the electronic justice system with a focus on the issue of introducing electronic monitoring of offenders. The authors also analyzes whether a change in legislation that allowed the use of electronic monitoring in more serious crimes contributed to more frequent use of electronic monitoring, or this change did not bring the desired effect of greater use of electronic monitoring.
Methods: The authors use the method of analysis, synthesis, system-structural method and normative-legal method of interpretation of legal norms.
Findings & Value added: The main benefit of the research is to point out specific problems in connection with the electrification of the judiciary and the introduction of electronic monitoring and to propose solutions to these problems.


We propose a unique metamaterial embedded geometrical optics device formed through the fusion of a frequency selective metamaterial with an optical parabolic reflector for frequency selective focusing function. This device combines individual properties of an optical device (parabolic mirror) and photonic device (metamaterial) in a single device. The fabricated device operates in the millimeter wave frequency range. Simulation and measurement results using terahertz continuous-wave spectrometer validate its functionality and performance. The device is fabricated using a combination of 3D printing and metal deposition. This approach will open the door to a new generation of metamaterial embedded geometrical optics (MEGO) devices. It will also enables us to have more compact Terahertz spectroscopy setup.


From the Countryside to the Cities. Among the many practical problems with which the Chinese Communists have been recently confronted is that of governing large cities and administering policy in urban and metropolitan areas. Only two years ago the major preoccupation of the Chinese Communist Party was with agrarian policy, with emphases on land redistribution, Party reorganization to strengthen the revolution in rural areas, and the construction and maintenance of "rear bases" to support the fighting front. But in the epochal year beginning with the fall of Mukden on November 2, 1948, the directions and emphases of Chinese Communist policy were substantially modified by the new situation created by the rapid capture of all of the seaports, the most important industrial and commercial centers, and nearly all of the provincial capitals of China. To permit the most effective exploitation of this newly-gained strategic momentum, the Party leadership was obliged, on relatively short notice, to find immediate solutions for problems of urban policy that had previously been anticipated as likely to arise in the future. Urban policy, accordingly, became the urgent question on the agenda of the Second Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, meeting in Shihchiachuang on March 15–23, 1949.


Writing a research paper poses the dual requirement of constructing a convincing argument and expressing it in a manner that can be grasped by the reader. This requirement becomes even more challenging when writing in a foreign language. In Japan, as the number of international students continues to grow, many graduate schools offer a type of copy editing service to authors writing in non-native languages (mainly English or Japanese). This service, often called a "native check," aims to help authors revise issues with grammar and expression that are frequently found in non-native writing. This service is thought to produce a research paper that expresses the author's argument fluently. In this light, the present paper will examine the utility of native checking in research writing by closely analyzing an example of this service in practice. This analysis will demonstrate that, in the end, native checking does not help improve research writing. Although native checking can help authors produce writing that is more natural, it cannot help them satisfy the above two requirements of quality research writing since the second requirement (a clearly expressed argument) is dependent on the first (the presence of a convincing argument), and native checking provides no mechanism to ensure a convincing argument. Thus, ultimately native checking does not help produce writing that is convincing.


In the absence of mineral resources and cheap labour, creation of innovations is a way for Latvia to develop a successful modern economy. The aim of the research is to study characteristic features and key ingredients of the Triple Helix model of university-industry-government collaboration in various countries and the potential applicability of their experience in Latvia. For purposes of the study monographs, scientific articles, official documents and bulletins of Latvia, Sweden, Singapore and South Korea, as well as international statistical data, and articles of local and foreign publicists were reviewed and analyzed. According to the hypothesis, the best option for Latvia is to elaborate the own Triple Helix model based on adopted and processed experience of Sweden (Laissez-Fair model), Singapore (Static model) and South Korea (Project approach). The results of research may be useful for local governments and universities for the development of environment and mechanisms aiming the creation of innovations.
Key words: entrepreneurial university, innovations, Triple Helix model.


Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI), and currently is the only vaccine-preventable etiology of urogenital disease. As an STI, HPV is an independent risk factor for virtually all cases of cervical cancer and is associated with anogenital and orolabial warts. Importantly, infection with HPV is a necessary factor in the development of squamous cervical neoplasia despite the fact that most infections and dysplastic abnormalities will not progress to malignant transformation.1-3 Over 100 genotypes of HPV have been identified of which less than 50% are transmitted sexually.4 Of the urogenital HPV types, several have been associated directly with the enhanced risk of cervical cancer.4 In 2012, updated guidelines for cervical cancer screening were put forth by the US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the combined partnership of the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP), the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). Collectively these guidelines lengthened the time interval between cervical cancer screens and increased the age to begin screening. These evidence-based recommendations indicate the use of either cytology alone or in combination with an FDA-approved HPV test stratified primarily by age, but also by the interval since last screen and hysterectomy status. Compared to cytological investigation alone, co-testing can more informatively direct the need for and method of treating precancerous lesions by more accurately assessing a woman's risk for developing cancer. This article aims to concisely summarize the current guidelines for managing cervical cancer screening, and… ABBREVIATIONS: ACS - American Cancer Society, ASCP - American Society for Clinical Pathology, ASCCP - American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, ASCUS - atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, CIN - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, FDA - Food and Drug Administration, HPV - Human Papilloma Virus, HR-HPV - high-risk HPV, HSIL - high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, LSIL - low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, MDx - molecular diagnostics, NAAT - nucleic acid amplification test, NPV - negative predictive value, PPV - positive predictive value, STD - sexually transmitted disease, STI - sexually transmitted infection.


Depression is on the rise: It alone is currently responsible for 6% of the total burden of disease in Europe (Ustun et al. 2004) and is expected to be the second highest cause of disease burden worldwide by 2020 (World Health Organization 2008).


Based on the requirements of the hydroelastic similitude criteria, experiments have been conducted on the vortex induced vibration of flexible suspended submarine pipelines with common flow velocities and suspended span heights of in-service submarine pipelines.The strain was measured by strain gauges bonded on the inner surface of the pipeline.The result of Vr 3.0 reveals that the vortex induced vibration of flexible suspended pipelines increases with the increasing of a reduced velocity, Vr, for all experimental gap-diameter ratios, and the vortex induced vibration of flexible suspended pipelines has a rapid reinforcement when the reduced velocity, Vr, is near 2.0.And the vortex induced vibration of flexible suspended pipelines does not vary with the relative span height, e/D, monotonously.The vibration of suspended pipeline is dominated by a vortex shedding frequency and is not affected by the relative span height, when relative span heights are greater than 0.4.And the vibration of suspended pipeline is dominated by the pipeline natural frequency at which the relative span height equals 0.4.Moreover, Strouhal number is near 0.18, calculated by using the dominant frequency of vibration at which the relative span heights is greater than 0.4.


A substantial body of research has found that shared capitalism plans such as employee ownership and profit-sharing can lead to higher organizational performance (e.g., financial performance) as we...


Non-specific forms of Acute Pneumonia (AP) have been known in medicine for a long time, well beyond two millennium. "Pneumonia was described 2,500 years ago by Hippocrates, the father of medicine" [1]. However, could someone state today that this nosology is also well-studied as it is well-known? The comparison of scientific explanation of AP nature and actual results of its treatment shows a lot of contradictions and paradoxes. The substantiated dissatisfaction by the contemporary state of this problem forces one to search the ways of its solution while investing enormously into this work. In this connection, it is recalled that World Health Organization has spent 39 billions of dollars in 20102015 years to solve this problem [2]. And where are the results?. During last decades all difficulties and dangers in AP treatment were explained solely by biological aggression of its agents. This valuation, as a rule, is given in current moment, although AP etiology alters from time to time. For example, "Staphilococcal disaster" that happened in 60-70 years of last century "leaved the scene" quietly and today even the most dangerous Staphylococcal variety are rarity in AP etiology. In the years following that, other microorganisms replaced Staphylococcus including forms not previously found among exciters of AP. The current generation of doctors trained "in fear" in front of Streptococcus pneumonia. In this situation, the antibacterial medical assistance was supplemented by total vaccination of the population in developed countries. The results of this campaign also fell short of expectations. "Among children ≤18 years of age, the annual empyema-associated hospitalization rates increased almost 70% between 1997 and 2006, despite decreases in the bacterial pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease rates. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is not decreasing the incidence of empyema" [3].


What is the central question of this study? This study aimed to provide the first comparison of simultaneous high‐resolution mapping of anterior and posterior gastric serosa over sustained periods. What is the main finding and its importance? Episodes of spontaneous gastric slow‐wave dysrhythmias increased significantly following intravenous infusion of vasopressin compared with the baseline state. A number of persistent dysrhythmias were defined, including ectopic activation, conduction block, rotor, retrograde and collision/merger of wavefronts. Slow‐wave dysrhythmias could occur either simultaneously or independently on the anterior and posterior gastric serosa, and interacted depending on activation–repolarization and frequency dynamics.


Leptin,a product of the obese gene(ob gene),was found in recent years.This compound has been implicated for the regulation of energy balance,fat metabolize and has an important part in neural endocrinology and reproductive system.Leptin has relationships with many diseases.We reviewed the advance in the study of the leptin and its effect on the onset and developing of tumors. China J Cancer Prev Treat,2003,10(3):319-321


Several antagonistic bacteria, SD-1, 4, 10, 11, 14, 15, and 16, which have strong CMCase and amylase activities, were isolated from the fermented mushroom media. Among them, SD-1, 10, 11, and 15 have strong antibacterial activities against the mushroom pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas sp., and SD-1, 10, 11, 14, and 16 have strong antifungal activities against the mushroom pathogenic fungi, Trichoderma sp. SD-14, 15, and 16 did not inhibit the growth of mushroom Pleurotus eryngii ASI-2302, and Pleurotus ostreatus ASI-2042 and ASI-2180. When the culture broth mixture of the seven bacterial strains was applied to the mushroom media, the growths of pathogens, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma sp., were inhibited.


To investigate the effects of Digibind® (D, digoxin immune Fab, bovine) in the treatment of preeclampsia (PE) in a rat model. D inhibits the cardenolides and may have cross‐reactivity with the bufodienolides.


The difficult and apparently inconsistent regulations by which certain marriages are forbidden in the Republic have not, it would seem, been consistently explained hitherto. It is the purpose of this article to prove that—if we read Plato's text without prejudice—marriages between brothers and sisters are nowhere prohibited, but expressly allowed; and that there are in the ideal city certain family groups, though I do not contend that any very great importance is to be attached to these.


In the garment manufacturing industry, purchasing management is an important link. The materials of making clothes often need high cost. In addition, customers put forward a request in the quality of clothes. Thus, choosing an optimal supplier is an essential part of job. Reaching cooperation with an optimal supplier not only can help garment manufacturer improve the quality of clothes but also is benefit to reduce the cost of producing. Most importantly, it can improve the competitiveness of manufacture enterprises. So, it is important for managers to find an optimal supplier and make a cooperation with it. In this paper, we analysis an issue about choosing an optimal supplier during four different suppliers. With analyzing this problem, we can introduce an extended method under picture fuzzy environment to evaluate and choose an optimal supplier. In this article, we describe some basic knowledges about picture fuzzy sets (PFSs) and picture fuzzy numbers (PFNs). Then, we introduce the extension of MABAC method which is on the basis of prospect theory (PT) with picture fuzzy numbers (PF-PT-MABAC) and utilize the PF-PT-MABAC model to evaluate different suppliers to choose an optimal supplier. Finally, we compare the result of PF-PT-MABAC with the result of traditional MABAC, PFWG operators and traditional TODIM method to test the efficiency of PF-PT-MABAC model.


Monetary policy is paid great attention to after the financial crisis and as a macro econom ic adjustment policy tool,its function is not questioned and its influence and functional mechanism on monetary credit,investment consumption and inflation is necessary.However,when there is prob lem with the macro adjustment effect,the efficiency of monetary policy is hard to judge.Therefore,we propose a reexamination and inspection of the efficiency of monetary policy and to probe into it from the perspective of market structure,the transmission mechanism of monetary policy after the fi nancial crisis and adjust and reshape the mechanism accordingly.


In practice one often is confronted with the simulation and optimization of dynamical processes of multiphysics systems depending on time and space. This paper shall serve as a guidebook for practioneers who wants to proceed from simulation to optimization. We are specially concerned in this paper with optimal control problems involving partial differential equations. After providing an insight into the theory of optimal control problems with partial differential equations, the focus of the paper lies on their numerical treatment to obtain approximate optimal solutions, or more precisely approximate candidate optimal solutions. The two basic approaches, first optimize then discretize (FOTD) and first discretize then optimize (FDTO) are first described in an abstract setting and then evaluated by means of the fuel cell example of this paper which can serve as a prototype problem for multiphysics processes. The example describes the dynamical behaviour inside a certain type of high temperature fuel cell where gas flows, heat distribution, and potential fields as well as chemical reactions are modelled by hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential as well as ordinary differential algebraic equations. The underlying problem is an optimal control problem where up to 28 instationary partial differential algebraic equations in one, respectively two spatial dimensions are involved. In the conclusion pros and cons of the aforementioned approaches are discussed. Hereby, not only the numerical efficiency but also the investigation of human resources are balanced against each other (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The article presents the problem formulation for diagnostics and optimal planning of the trajectory of the technological process taking into account the wear of the mechatronic systems and its electric motors. As an example, we consider a mobile robot with a differential drive, which must successively pass a field of various shapes. The trajectory of movement is chosen taking into account the wear of its electric motors. To solve this problem, it is supposed to use graph theory and probabilistic algorithms. Examples of solutions to the problem are given without taking into account the properties of the soil in the working space of the robot, used by the type of drive and its angle of rotation. The power of sets of feasible solutions will increase significantly with increasing number of technological operations, which, in turn, will lead to inefficiency of using brute force methods for solving the formulated problem and the need to solve it based on probabilistic algorithms agent metaheuristics.


In order to extract the Chinese frequent strings(CFS) accurately and make better use in language models,a new method for CFS extraction using string segmentation degree is proposed.Unigram and bigram language models based on this CFS extraction method are built.Experiment shows that the CFS based language model can deal with the lack of long distance dependency problem in character and word based language model.It also shows that the CFS based language model has lower model perplexity and higher pinyin-to-character conversion correctness compared with the model based on previous CFS extraction method.


Korngarden AB is the biggest hop producer in Sweden. They arelocated in the south of the country and their farm currentlyconsists of 5000 m2. Korngarden AB is a newly founded company andis just sta ...


Summary Successful utilization of petroleum resources requires proper monitoring of the subsurface, where time-lapse seismic is a prominent source of knowledge. The R-factor model is commonly used to model the strain sensitivity of 4D seismic data. Field cores are systematically tested with different stress-change variants. We show that the strain sensitivity is significantly influenced by the stress path and the angle of wave propagation (offset). It is well known that shales are inherently anisotropic in terms of both static and dynamic stiffnesses. We find evidence that shales also obey anisotropic strain sensitivities in their velocities and show that the assumption of isotropic strain sensitivity implies a significant misfit to laboratory data. On the other hand, a satisfying fit to offset-variant time-shifts from laboratory data is achieved when transversely isotropic strain sensitivity is implemented. Such tests permit a calibrated higher order description of the strain sensitivity, and may provide an accurate basis with which to understand how suitable models and correlations may be implemented in 4D field data analysis.


Objective To examine the association between vitamin D and alendronate response,and to investigate the proper vitamin D levels for the efficacy of alendronate treatment of osteoporosis.Methods In this retrospective study,559 post-menopausal women with osteoporosis were devided into two groups:non-responders and responders,based on the European Study of Forsteo (EUROFORS).Demographic and clinical data including mean 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were obtained.Mean 25-OHD levels were compared between responders and non-responders and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with non-response.Results There were 437 (75.5%) responsers to alendronate therapy and 142 (24.5%) non-responders.Responders with a mean serum 25-OHD level of (59.96 ±12.56) nmol/L,obtained a more favorable result than non-responders,whose serum 25-OHD level was (47.50 ±9.92) nmol/L (P<0.01).25-OHD level was significantly associated with response.Conclusion Patients with a mean 25-OHD ≥50 nmol/L had a substantially greater likelihood of maintaining bisphosphonate response.

Key words:
Osteoporosis;  Alendronate ;  Biphosphonates ;  Vitamin D


In traffic-psychology a growing number of studies are carried out in driving simulators. The main advantages of driving simulation are that driving tasks can be standardised and data can be gained safely. However, due to the fact that a real environment can never be fully synthesised in a simulator, subjects have to deal with certain difficulties in the driving simulation. Thus, the driver has to compensate for the incomplete driving environment, delays and distortions in the graphics, and for having to act in two different worlds. Since this can't be realised immediately, the test subjects need a dry run to get used to the simulator and learn how the simulator works. A major problem within the dry runs is the so called "simulator sickness". Often test subjects have to stop and cancel the simulation because they get nauseous. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe and last a few minutes to several hours after the run. Another problem with respect to simulator sickness is that an inadequate driving behaviour might result, consciously or even unconsciously. In consequence, both the intern and the extern validity is limited and the acceptance of the method itself is likely to decrease. Experience shows that repeated exposure to the simulator situation usually reduces the physical discomfort. However, empirical studies concerning this adaption are very rare. Equally, details concerning dry runs are not consistently made in publications about driving simulation studies, and those that are made range from dry runs lasting five minutes to several hours. Commonly used guidelines do not exist. In summation, it is essential that subjects are allowed to habituate sufficiently to a simulator before the actual data is gathered. This is crucial to gain convincing research results. This article deals with a simulator training that was designed at the Center for Traffic Sciences (IZVW) and aims at the avoidance of simulator sickness and the familiarisation of the subjects with the situation and the difficulties which are associated with driving simulation. Driving in the simulator is practiced to enable the subject to handle the simulator vehicle without any troubles. The training programme consists of several different units: at first there is a familiarisation phase, followed by special exercises on breaking, accelerating, steering, driving on a motorway, turning at intersections and a final driving test. In this study we compared n=10 drivers who had taken part in the simulator training programme (training group) with a control group of n=10 drivers who had not. Instead, the control group performed the driving test repeatedly until they had spent the same time in the simulator as the training group. Thus, the control group did not get the slow accustoming and the special exercises of the training group. The results show that without the simulator training programme the average drop out rate due to nausea was quite high, whereas there was no drop out within the training group. Also, to be able to drive satisfactorily in a simulator an extensive training is necessary. Language: de.


Minutes of the 60-4 meeting of the Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee's Phreatophyte Subcommittee. Held November 29, 1960, at Las Vegas, Nevada.


Employing learned Gaussian process models in nonlinear model predictive control raises the problem of repeatedly propagating a probability distribution through a nonlinear mapping, which is a challenging task. Existing solutions are either computationally expensive or conservative. We propose to use Gaussian process models that directly yield the entire state sequence without repeated evaluations. As therefrom an exact Gaussian distribution is obtained in each step on the prediction horizon, an increased prediction quality is achieved when compared to employing iterated models. The proposed approach is illustrated in a simulation study, where we show the quality gain in the open-loop state predictions, as well as in the closed-loop performance.


We model the evaporation histories of the three planets around K2-136, a K-dwarf in the Hyades open cluster with an age of 700 Myr. The star hosts three transiting planets, with radii of 1.0, 3.0 and 1.5 Earth radii, where the middle planet lies above the radius–period valley and the inner and outer planets are below. We use an XMM-Newton observation to measure the XUV radiation environment of the planets, finding that the X-ray activity of K2-136 is lower than predicted by models but typical of similar Hyades members. We estimate the internal structure of each planet, and model their evaporation histories using a range of structure and atmospheric escape formulations. While the precise X-ray irradiation history of the system may be uncertain, we exploit the fact that the three planets must have shared the same history. We find that the Earth-sized K2-136b is most likely rocky, with any primordial gaseous envelope being lost within a few Myr. The sub-Neptune, K2-136c, has an envelope contributing 1–1.7% of its mass that is stable against evaporation thanks to the high mass of its rocky core, whilst the super-Earth, K2-136d, must have a mass at the upper end of the allowed range in order to retain any of its envelope. Our results are consistent with all three planets beginning as sub-Neptunes that have since been sculpted by atmospheric evaporation to their current states, stripping the envelope from planet b and removing most from planet d whilst preserving planet c above the radius-period valley.


Currently, research on the use of lidar data in various applications is very popular. These studies are almost all based on non-real-time operating systems with random delays, which leads to lag in the received data and inaccuracies in decision making. This paper employs FPGA to propose a method for reading lidar data in high-speed on an FPGA using VHDL. Moreover, the proposed method uses a TCP/IP module to enable the FPGA to communicate with the lidar, avoiding the overly complex TCP protocol design inside the FPGA. The overall design, individual blocks inside the FPGA, and the connections among and role of each port are described. Experimental results demonstrate that the lidar data are correctly read by the FPGA board. In addition, the time required for FPGA to read a lidar message for a circle scan was calculated to be about $1.033\ \mu\mathrm{s}$. The proposed approach provides a very useful basic platform for many applications that use lidar as a sensor and will improve their detection accuracy.


The objectives were to explore the relation between the built environment of residence halls and the alcohol use of college students living on campus from the perspective of the theory of routine activity. This exploratory study examined data from two samples on one college campus. Online surveys assessed alcohol use, attitudes toward alcohol use, perceptions of campus alcohol norms, and individual factors (i.e., gender). Data came from an Alcohol Norms Survey using a random sample (N = 440) and a Resident Assessment Survey using a random sample ( N = 531) in 2006 and 2007. After controlling for other drinking behavior predictors (attitudes, gender, high school drinking, and perceptions of peer drinking), regression analysis showed that students living in suite halls had a higher odds of drinking more frequently, drinking more alcohol when they socialize, heavy episodic drinking, and drinking more often in their residence halls.


The Zephyros Boutique Hotel is situated a few steps from the endless sandy beach of Stalis, one of the best beaches in Crete. Furthermore, there are various bars, restaurants and shops around the hotel and also Malia is only 3 km. away. The hotel facilities..


The present invention relates to an adjustable reactor power for quality control, reactor core composed of two E-shaped core opposite the opening, sandwiching a core composed of type I, two intermediate iron posts of the E-type core respectively Raoyou regulating winding and winding reactance, fitted with a pair of opposite magnetization direction of the permanent magnet type I core, two permanent magnets are located between the two pairs of opposing E-shaped core opening. Permeability core changed by changing the current in the winding is adjusted, thereby regulating the reactance value. The present invention is of simple structure, low cost, easy to use, can be used to control the power quality.


Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanCorresponding Author. mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (Spinacia oleracea L.), familyChenopodiaceae, is native to central and southwesternAsia. It is one of the most common vegetables cultivatedworldwide (Sato et al., 2010). It is a rich source ofvitamin A, B


In this paper, we propose methods for profiling normal network traffic, methods that could be employed for the purpose of creating a baseline that would be used in the detection of threshold based anomalies in network traffic. This profiling is based on five proposed features of network traffic, and to illustrate, testing was done using recent and large data sets, and relying on various tools to statistically analyze network traffic. Although we have no pretensions of completeness, our results indicate that this is a promising approach to differentiate between normal and abnormal network traffic behavior, and therefore a promising contribution to anomaly based intrusion detection.


The effects of Liquid-Film Damping on inherent frequency and respouding amplitude in boring rod system are analyzed. The mechanism of the best Liquid-Film Damp is also discussed with energy disspation theory.


A cross sectional study was carried out which included 300 clinical specimens such as urine, pus, throat swabs, ear swabs, blood, taken from patients admitted to different departments, in addition to 300 samples from the surrounding environment in four hospitals in Benghazi. The aim is to identify the major strains of P aeruginosa isolated from various sources in different hospitals from both the patients and surrounding environment, also to determine the level of resistance to the widely used antibiotics in clinical isolates of P aeruginosa. P aeruginosa were isolated from 91 clinical specimens and 18 from environmental sources. All were Gram negative motile bacilli, oxidase positive and grew at 42oC. All isolates were confirmed by Analytical Profile Index (API 20 NE) for their biochemical activity, all were positive for arginine dihydrogenase, citrate utilization and gelatin hydrolysis, while 37.4% were positive for aerobic glucose utilization. The antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out according to the disc diffusion method (modified kirby bauer technique). Out of 91 strains of P aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens and 18 strains from the environment, the most effective antibiotics were respectively Ciprofloxacin (82.2%, 83.3%), Imipenem (80.2%, 72.2%), Amikacin (72.5%, 77.8%) and Tobramycin (49.5%, 50%) Gentamicin showed lowest rate of sensitivity (42.2%, 50%). Other antibiotics tested: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, augmentin, pipemidic acid, colistin sulphate and nalidixic acid. The strains isolated were found to have high or total resistance to them. Pyocin typing was used for the characterization of 109 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated. The scheme of Gillies and Govan was adopted and the procedure gave 86.8% of clinical isolates were typable, while 50% of environmental isolates were typable, 12 (15%) of 79 typable strains isolates from clinical specimens were classifiable while 67 (85%) were nonclassifiable. More over all typable isolates from environment were nonclassifiable. The study concludes that Pseudomonas infection is high among our patients in Benghazi hospitals, and reflects the hospital environment as source of infection. This study also recommends that there should be a review in the current antibiotics policy.


In just four weeks in the summer of 1941 the German Wehrmacht wrought unprecedented destruction on four Soviet armies, conquering central Ukraine and killing or capturing three-quarters of a million men. This was the battle of Kiev – one of the largest and most decisive battles of World War II and, for Hitler and Stalin, a battle of crucial importance. For the first time, David Stahel charts the battle's dramatic course and aftermath, uncovering the irreplaceable losses suffered by Germany's 'panzer groups' despite their battlefield gains, and the implications of these losses for the German war effort. He illuminates the inner workings of the German army as well as the experiences of ordinary soldiers, showing that with the Russian winter looming and Soviet resistance still unbroken, victory came at huge cost and confirmed the turning point in Germany's war in the east.