In my master thesis I am engaging with a question how couching as a systematical process contributes with supporting health at workplace. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as state of complete physical, emotional and social welfare and not as absence of disease and/or disability. More than physically this thesis will use the word health as psycho-physical and social well-being. Theoretical part defines psycho-physical health, correlated with work environment, introduces guidelines of health promotion and places coaching as a contributor with elements that effect one's health. Theory part of this thesis defines psycho-physical health in correlation with working environment, introduces ways of promoting health at work place and placed couching as a big support and contribution towards one's wellbeing and health. A sample of employees that voluntary included themselves in the process of couching at chosen company was used in this research. It was conducted in eight meetings, continuously with one week break. It was monitored with collected meeting materials, meeting evaluations and based on the entire process. Questionnaire analysis about psycho-physical being and circle of balance before and after the process ended was conducted and evaluated. After the meetings were over a focused interview with each individual participant was implemented. Gathered data enable following answers to research questions: based on clients self-evaluations couching process contributes to support good health as all of them noticed changes in their psycho-physical being. In addition to that they reported to be more confident, they handled work pressure easier and were more effective. Based on their self-evaluation all this made a positive impact on their health.
In addition, two models as options of assistance with implementing couching as health support are introduced in this thesis. Furthermore, the thesis disclose a sample questionnaire that can be used with coaching as health support at workplace, coat-of-arms for boosting confidence and balance wheel (for oneself, family, working environment and working pressure).


Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and artificial intelligence (AI) are hot topics in the field of clinical imaging and neuro-imaging. Recently numerous methods were proposed. In this research work, a new 3D magnetic resonance head images (MRI) classifier based on KPCA and SVM is presented. The proposed algorithm, called the support vector machine with kernel principal component analysis (SVM-KPCA), aims to classify an MR brain image as normal or pathological. The system first employed the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to extract features from the images. After feature vector normalization the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is applied to reduce the dimensionality of features. The reduced features were then submitted to a support vector machine (SVM). The strategy of k-fold cross-validation was used to enhance generalization of the proposed algorithm. Seven common brain diseases have been used (Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's disease plus visual agnosia, glioma, meningioma, Huntington's disease, sarcoma and Pick's disease) as pathological brains, and MR brain images have been collected from 'Harvard Medical School' website and 'Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS)' website, to validate the proposed algorithm. Simulation results were compared with the existing algorithms and it was observed that the proposed work outperforms other algorithms. Working on the same dataset in term of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.


Linking adverbials are used to make speech and writing logically connected and have been considered important writing tools in English language. The present study has explored and compared the frequencies and patterns of usage of linking adverbials (LAs henceforth) in native and non-native Englishes. It examines the distinctive arrangements of LAs adopted by non-native speakers of English in Pakistan and compare them with the patterns usually International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 2014, Vol. 6, No. 3 www.macrothink.org/ijl 134 adopted by the speakers of three native varieties (i.e. U.K, USA and Australia) and three non-native varieties (i.e. Japanese, Chinese, and Singaporean). The present research is conducted using corpus methodology in order to maintain accuracy and preciseness of the results. The results of the present study have revealed that Pakistani writers use more additive, summative and contrastive type of linking adverbials as compared to transantial and resultative LAs. Moreover, the contrastive LA but is higher in Pakistani writings than any other summative or additive LA.


[1] We perform an electromagnetic full particle simulation to study the generation mechanism of VLF whistler-mode chorus emissions in the equatorial region of the magnetosphere. Parabolic variation of the static magnetic field is assumed as a model for the dipole magnetic field in the vicinity of the equator. We have cold thermal electrons and relatively low anisotropic hot electrons as plasma particles. In the initial phase, the amplitude growth of the incoherent whistler-mode waves is determined by the linear growth rate. When the wave amplitude reaches a certain level, it begins to grow more rapidly with a series of rising tone emissions consisting of coherent phase structures in the vicinity of the magnetic equator, and their wave packets propagate away form the magnetic equator. The frequency sweep rates of the excited rising tone elements decrease gradually. We find a distinct threshold for such a nonlinear wave growth generating the rising chorus-like elements. The relation between the wave amplitude and the frequency sweep rate of each element found in the simulation fully supports the nonlinear wave growth theory of chorus emissions.


IFLP, CONICET and Departamento de F´isica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, ArgentinaAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Associate SchemeStrada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, ItalyAbstract. We study vortex-like solutions to the Lifshitz-Chern-Simons theory. Wefind that such solutions exists and have a logarithmically divergent energy, whichsuggests that a Kostelitz-Thouless transition may occur, in which voxtex-antivortexpairs are created above a critical temperature. Following a suggestion made by Callanand Wilzcek for the global U(1) scalar field model, we study vortex solutions of theLifshitz-Chern-Simons model formulated on the hyperbolic plane, finding that, asexpected, the resulting configurations have finite energy. For completeness, we alsoexplore Lifshitz-Chern-Simons vortex solutions on the sphere.


The issue of enumerating the dependability of computational saliency in a video, which can be utilized to propel the processing algorithms used for saliency-based video calculation and unwavering quality of the procedure are tended to in this module. Weight based spatio-temporal approach is used to enumerate such reliability in twofold: 1) investigating the spatial connections in both the saliency graph and the eye-fixation map.2) taking in the weight-average based spatiotemporal relationships, which characterize a dependable saliency outline. First examination on spatio-temporal eye fixation information from the general public CRCNS dataset and examination of a typical element in human visual consideration is done, which ascertains the relationship in saliency inside a pixel and its immediate neighbors. This algorithm estimates a pixelwise uncertainty map that replicates the assurance in the associated computational saliency map by relating it to the pixel's saliency of its direct neighbor. The difference of a pixel from its nearby neighborhood is estimated in the saliency graph to gauge such vulnerabilities. Then we add a weight value to each pixel, thus producing more reliable output. The objective of this module is to produce more reliable saliency map. The simulation tools used for this research modules is MATLAB.


Health education/promotion models/frameworks are being used to plan, implement, and evaluate preventive health programs, but none seem to centralize culture at the primacy of preventive/promotive health behavior. It is more effective to adapt preventive health programs to fit community needs and cultural contexts than the reverse; one must therefore ensure that health promotion programs are culturally appropriate. Health beliefs and actions must be examined in the context of culture, history, and politics. This paper applies to a child survival intervention in Nigeria a conceptual model used to plan and develop culturally appropriate health education/promotion programs. A background on health education approaches is first presented. The PEN-3 model is useful because it can be modified and extended as needed to be made appropriate for target cultures. The model consists of the 3 following dynamically interrelated and interdependent dimensions of health beliefs and behavior: health education, the educational diagnosis of health behavior, and the cultural appropriateness of health behavior.


Abstract Researchers and marketers have spent considerable effort to understand product newness, particularly really-new and incrementally new products, however, the same cannot be said about service newness. To date, there is no study that only focuses on how consumers perceive service newness. This research aims not only to fill this academic vacuum, but also to help the practitioner in framing messages that they send to potential consumers when a new service is being introduced. Furthermore, this study contributes to the services marketing literature by examining how new services in a variety of different industries are perceived by consumers.


Because it is not subjected to a countermeasure for the electrostatic breakdown voltage enhancement, the common input is connected across the gate of the Schottky junction of the FET is drawn to the outside control terminal IN- between Ctl-1, the common input terminal IN- between the control terminal Ctl-2 and the control terminal is weak against electrostatic discharge between Ctl-1- output terminal OUT1, the control terminal Ctl-2- output terminal OUT2 have a problem. The present invention, to connect the protective element to form two electrode pads are connected to one control terminal on the chip, disposed close-by to the common input pad IN, the output terminal pad O1, O2. OUT1- output control terminal Ctl-1, between the common input terminal IN- control terminals Ctl-1, between the output terminal electrostatic energy applied between OUT2- between the control terminal Ctl-2, the common input terminal IN- control terminal Ctl-2 the same extent, respectively, it is possible also to most effectively attenuated. A control terminal, the electrostatic discharge, the electrode pads, the protective element


Winter harshness and the degree to which it can impact stream-dwelling salmonid populations has received considerable attention from fisheries biologists, although some debate exists regarding the importance of winter severity for local populations. Groundwater input may buffer stream water temperature and benefit fish in buffered versus unbuffered streams. Overwinter growth and condition of individual brown trout were measured in 24 groundwater-dominated streams, and the relations between winter growth and condition to stream thermal regime (quantified by regressions of air and water temperature) and diet quality (amount and caloric density of prey) were examined in a subset of 16 streams. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth rate (mg·g−1·day−1) was positive overwinter in 18 of 24 streams, and there was no significant change in condition between early and late winter. Juvenile fish grew faster than adults, but there was no significant difference in condition between adults and juveniles. Thermal regime posi...


Widely used in fermentation industry, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are not only probiotic but also capable of degrading pesticides. We evaluated in the laboratory degradation of profenofos 50% EC by the LAB present in rice grain rinse water cultured in LAB-specific de Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium. A single colony of the isolated LAB was inoculated in MRS broth, kept in shaker for 24 h before 10 ml broth was transferred to 25 ml test tube inoculated with profenofos 50% EC at 1 ppm and checked 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation for its residue by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatographic analysis. The results revealed that profenofos concentration decreased to 0.75, 0.44 and 0.25 ppm at 24, 48 and 72h, respectively, indicating the degradation of profenofos by the rice rinse water LAB.


Objective:To explore the disabled degree for visual/auditory attention and response control ability of whole type children of ADHD,make the plan to train and therapy pertinently,promote them health recover soon.Methods:313 children of ADHD diagnosed by IVA-CPT,which had the normal IQ and measured up the diagnosis of DSM-Ⅳ were test to analyze and discuss the visual/auditory attention and response control ability by t test and F test.Results:About these 313 children,the difference of sex had no significant differenc.In hyperactivity group,response control ability of auditory was significantly better than that of visual(P0.001).In attention deficit group,attention of visual was significantly better than that of auditory(P0.001).In the commingled group,attention deficit was worse significantly than response control(P0.001).Conclusion:IVA-CPT is objective standard for evaluating children of ADHD,integrates with the subjective diagnosis standard to develop the diagnosis ability and reliability.Training for hyperactivity group is mainly for visual control,lesser for auditory control.For attention deficit group,training of auditory attention should be strengthened.For the commingled group,training of attention should be strengthened.


Introduction: The incidence of pancreatitis has increased in recent decades and alcohol was recognized as one of the major causes of pancreatitis as well as gall stones. Nicotine is a major toxin in tobacco and cigarettes and may influence the development of pancreatitis. Caffeine is a natural stimulant widely consumed psychoactive drug. Aim: This study was done to evaluate the influence of nicotine and caffeine on the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced pancreatitis. Material and Methods: Forty adult male Wister albino rats were divided into four equal groups; control group, alcoholic pancreatitis group, alcoholic pancreatitis with nicotine group and alcoholic pancreatitis with caffeine group. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for serological study (serum amylase, lipase and blood sugar) and pancreata were processed for light microscopic examination. Results: Histological examination of the pancreas in alcoholic pancreatitis group showed marked pancreatic distortion with marked cytoplasmic vaculations and small deeply stained nuclei of acinar cells. In between the acini there were inflammatory cell infiltration and congested blood vessels. Immunohistochemically, NF-κB and Caspase-3 were increased, while insulin was decreased. These histological/immunohitochemical changes were increased in alcoholic pancreatitis with nicotine group and decreased in alcoholic pancreatitis with caffeine group. Blood glucose, serum amylase and lipase levels were also increased in alcohol pancreatitis group compared to controls. The increase in these enzymes was elevated by alcohol pancreatitis with nicotine group and decreased by alcohol pancreatitis with caffeine group. Conclusion: Nicotine exaggerates the adverse effects of alcoholic pancreatitis while caffeine improves these changes.


Short-term electricity load demand forecast is a vital requirements for power systems. This research considers the combination of exponential smoothing for double seasonal patterns and neural network model. The linear version of Holt-Winter method is extended to accommodate a second seasonal component. In this work, the Fourier with time varying coefficient is presented as a means of seasonal extraction. The methodological contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how these methods can be adapted to model the time series data with multiple seasonal pattern, correlated non stationary error and nonlinearity components together. The proposed hybrid model is started by implementing exponential smoothing state space model to obtain the level, trend, seasonal and irregular components and then use them as inputs of neural network. Forecasts of future values are then can be obtained by using the hybrid model. The forecast performance was characterized by root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error. The proposed hybrid model is applied to two real load series that are energy consumption in Bawen substation and in Java-Bali area. Comparing with other existing models, results show that the proposed hybrid model generate the most accurate forecast


The article considers the cultural aspects of Rorty's neopragmatic philosophy. Systematic critique of analytic philosophy and foundationalism is shown to be the reason why Rorty understands culture as conversation. Pragmatic methodology allows Rorty to regard irony as an immanent hallmark of the oncoming culture.


In this brief, a novel algorithm is developed for the design of infinite-impulse-response digital filters in the weighted least-squares sense. To simplify the design problem, the Levy linearized function and the Sanathanan-Koerner iterative technique are utilized. In the proposed algorithm, a denominator polynomial is decomposed as a cascade of a few second-order factors (SOFs) and a higher order factor (HOF). They are sequentially updated in each iteration. When updating SOFs composed of poles that are tending to be outside the unit circle, necessary and sufficient stability conditions are taken into account, while the HOF is optimized without any stability constraint. The number of SOFs can be automatically determined in the proposed design procedure, which is convenient for practical designs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can attain a balance between computational efficiency and design accuracy.


This study aimed to analyze the impacts generated in different body regions of judoists of different weight categories during falls cushioning. Four black belt judoist, with at least 14 years of experience, participated in this study: three "uke" half-light, half-middle and half-heavy categories were thrown in "ippon-seoi-nage" technique by a "tori" with 77 kg. A triaxial Bruel and Kjaer accelerometer was alternately fastened with straps in the "uke" fist, hip and ankle to verify the impacts. Descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA and Tukey test were applied, with p ≤0.05. The bigger impact magnitudes occurred in vertical axis, in the fist and for the half-middle category judoist; the impact times were larger in the hip for all athletes and in vertical axis. According to Macaulay criteria, the impact values founded represents severe injury risks in fist and ankle and moderate risk in judoists hip. Initiatives should be taken to reduce the damage due to impact during judo training and competitions.


The mountain landslide dam is a common geological disasters,in the event of strong earthquakes,landslides dam formation of the large number of lakes of them,a large scale of it.Wenchuan 5·12 earthquake,on the formation of a number of lakes of them,the landslide dam the event of a dam break,will be on the lower reaches of victims and rescue personnel lives and safety pose a great threat.Wenchuan this paper is on the earthquake occurred during the Muyu town landslide dam,the stability of the landslide dam situation,must make a clear and reliable conclusions for reference to the headquarters.Through geological analysis and calculation shows that this dam in the event of landslides and heavy rainfall and earthquakes during the period is stable and will not pose a threat to the downstream,therefore,can not take this landslide dam prevention and control measures.The results in practice proved to be correct.Research methods can provide reference for similar work.


The observations introduced throughout this essay require further comments about the ethical foundations of sustainable development. In fact, this new development ethics requires that economics rescue its roots, identity and initial purposes as oikonomy, or the material supply of the oikos, the human home. In a most fortunate coincidence, the same semantic root of ecology, the study of the laws that govern this home. Unfortunately, with the acceleration of modern times, economics has ceased to study ways and means to achieve well being for people. It has turned into and end in itself, a science in which anything that does not have monetary value, anything that cannot have a price attached to it, is not worthy or valuable. This is turning into one of the most pernicious fetishes of modern times, despite the warnings of economists of the stature of 1999 Nobel Price Winner Amartya Sen (1986: 202, see also Sen, 1989): "Economics assigns an order of preferences to a man and when it is needed it assumes that this utility function reflects his own interests, represents his well being, summarizes his idea of what should be done and describes his choices ... In effect, the purely economic man is almost mentally retarded from a social point of view. Economic theory has dedicated much attention to this rational fool comfortably relaxed behind his unique order of preferences for all purposes." Empirical reality indicates also that wealth accumulation or economic growth does not constitute and has never been a requirement or precondition for development. Human welfare options are projected well beyond economic welfare. Wealth in itself is not the decisive factor, rather it is the use a community gives to its wealth. Just as a person can spend all of his or her income on drugs or on his/her children's education, so countries may spend their assets on weapons or invest in improving the quality of life of its populations. Numbers clearly indicate that countries with equivalent levels of economic riches have radically different welfare levels. Likewise, successive Reports on Human Development published by the United Nations Development program (UNDP, 1990, 1999) clearly indicate that wealth has concentrated in the past fifty years in a way never been seen before. If in 1960 the 20 percent wealthiest people held 70 percent of the world's product, this percentage increased to 82.7 and 86 percent in 1990 and 1998 respectively. Meanwhile, the 20 percent poorest have seen their income fall from 2.3 percent to 1.3 and one percent of the world's products during the same period. Put it differently, in 1960 the gap between rich and poor was 30 times, and increased to 63 times when the eighties began. By the end of the decade (1998), the gap was 86 times already. If in the sixties 358 individuals amassed material wealth equivalent to that of 45 percent of the world population, in 1998 VIP group was reduced to merely 283 people. More striking, the 3 richest persons of the world today enjoy a wealth equivalent to the GNP of the 43 poorest countries. Expressing these figures in more human terms, they indicate that if we could picture each one of 100 inhabitants of a "global" village, 57 would be from Asia, 21 Europeans, 14 of the Western Hemisphere and 8 Africans. Seventy-five percent would be ethnically non-white. Six villagers would concentrate two-thirds of the entire wealth of the community, and all would be North Americans. Eighty of each 100 would live in precarious housing, 70 would be illiterate, 50 suffer from malnutrition and only one would have achieved university education. Living in the Cyber Age, almost 40 would have never received or placed a telephone call. Finally, if we add the product of all developing countries, these would barely reach the assets of the 300 largest transnational companies. Actually, a recent study reveals, in addition to the growing equity gap between humans, the unprecedented power amassed by transnational corporations in recent decades. …


CIDB has introduced Quality Assessment System in Construction (QLASSIC) in 2006 to help increasing the quality of building in Malaysia. After more than 10 years QLASSIC has been introduced, there are still many developers and contractors unfamiliar with QLASSIC. This has led to the main objective of conducting this research, namely to identify the factor hindering the implementation of QLASSIC in Malaysia. This research had utilized questionnaire form as the research instrument. The respondents for this research were construction personnel from developer's company and contractor's company. The data collected were then analyzed by using Relative Importance Index (RII). The research outcomes can provide understanding in the principle and concept of QLASSIC, list of factors hindering the implementation of QLASSIC and lastly analysis of the most significant factor hindering the implementation of QLASSIC in Malaysia. In general, this research revealed five factors hindering the implementation of QLASSIC in Malaysia. The factors were advertisement efficiency, time constraint, cost constraint, behavior of construction player and insufficient skilled worker. In addition, this research shown that the most crucial factor hindering the implementation of QLASSIC in Malaysian construction industry was the behavior of construction player. The behavior of construction players included resist to adopt new approach, reluctant to attend any training to enhance their knowledge in QLASSIC, reluctant to change, construction player tend to reduce the perceived risk in adopting a new approach and a new approach will create a new role so they afraid it will take their role. The most crucial factor hindering the implementation of QLASSIC in Malaysia then was followed by time constraint factor, advertisement efficiency factor, cost constraint factor and insufficient skilled worker factor. In a nutshell, government has to make a new strategy to address this issue if government wants to see the construction industry in Malaysia able to compete globally and Malaysian construction players such as developers and contractors must change their behavior by be more open with new approaches suggested by government.


The VOF method,k-e model and air state equation under a constant temperature condition are utilized to calculate the wave force of regular wave acting on a perforated caisson with a top cover.Through the comparison of various parameters such as the total horizontal forces,the pressure difference between the front face and the back face of the front plate,the pressure on the back wall and the top cover between the numerical results and test data,respectively,it is known that numerical results agree well with the test data.It may be concluded that the established method can be used to calculate the wave forces acting on the perforated caisson with the top cover.


An investigation of finite-time heat transfer processes between high- and low-temperature sides with a generalized heat transfer law (q∝[Δ(Tn)]m) is presented in this paper. Optimal heating and cooling strategies for minimizing entropy generation are derived for the fixed initial and final temperatures of the low-temperature side working fluid. Optimal paths are compared with the common strategies of constant heat flux and constant source temperature operation by numerical examples. The condition corresponding to the minimum entropy generation strategy is not only valid for Newton's [q∝(ΔT)] and linear phenomenological [q∝Δ(T−1)] heat transfer laws but also valid for heat transfer law (q∝[Δ(T−1)]m). The obtained results are general and can provide some theoretical guidelines for the designs and operations of practical heat exchangers.


A new ligand, 4-dipropylaminobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL) and its complexes (ZnL2, CdL2), which exhibit intense two-photon excited (TPE) dual fluorescence using 800 nm laser pulses in the femtosecond regime, were synthesized and fully characterized. The measured power dependence of the fluorescence signals provides direct evidence for TPE. The two-photon excited dual fluorescence spectra were compared and contrasted with the corresponding results obtained from one-photon excitation. Emission peaks of the ligand and its complexes were assigned with the aid of PM3 calculations.


Studies on compulsory foreign language (L2) education in Japan often highlight inconsistencies between English textbooks and the policies defined by the Ministry of Education, criticising the way EFL is taught. In order to represent L2 education in a broader way, this article investigates a wider corpus with a double framework. To get a clearer view of L2 education in Japan, a corpus of textbooks for English and French as foreign languages was collected. The contents of the textbooks were examined through language teaching methodology and discourse analysis, to outline the main features of the materials, as well as the implicit representations of the students and the world that they convey. This analysis delves into several issues, such as how foreign languages are studied in Japan and for what reasons, how high schoolers are implicitly portrayed in Japanese L2 textbooks, what is expected from them, and whether or not those expectations depend on the language at issue (English/French). The preliminary findings presented in this paper also seem to suggest that behind a superficial didactic contradiction, a deeper connection with Japanese fundamental education laws can be seen.


To the Editor:We appreciate the thoughtful comments fromDr. RivasCrespo1 on our recentmanuscript2 as he raises some interesting ideas regarding treatment options for children with attenuated growth on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.While we agree that one aspect of the pathogenesis of growth inhibition by TKIs is likely interruption of the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH–IGF-1) axis, the mechanism is likely more complex. We feel that the direct action of TKIs on the growth plate also plays a significant role that cannot be disregarded. Longitudinal growth occurs at the growth plate where cartilage is formed and remodeled into bone. The growth plate contains chondrocytes in three zones: the resting zone, the proliferative zone, and the hypertrophic zone. The chondrocytes replicate slowly in the resting zone and at a high rate in the proliferative zone. The cells terminally differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes that calcify the surrounding extracellular matrix and secrete factors that attract bone cells and blood vessels.3 Vandyke et al. showed in vitro that a prechondrocyte murine cell line treated with imatinib caused significant inhibition of cell proliferation, and decreased glycosaminoglycan synthesis thought to be due to inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β .4 The same effects were noted when this cell line was treated with dasatinib.5 These in vitro studies remove the influence of GH and provide evidence of direct action of TKIs at the growth plate.However, the effectsmay certainly be aggravatedby reducedGH secretion.6–8 As endochondral ossification at the growthplate is essential for childhood growth, these abnormalities could account for the slowing of growth noted in children after initiating therapy with TKIs that persists throughout prepubertal life.6,9 Several studies have shownan improvedgrowthvelocity in pubertal children on TKI therapy.6,9 The pubertal growth spurt is complex and is controlled by both paracrine and endocrine factors, including GH, IGF-1, and sex steroids.10 Pubertal growth is in large part due to sex steroid-induced stimulation of theGH–IGF-1 axis, but there is also evidence that estrogen and androgens have direct action at the growth plate.3,10 Therefore, we posit that the production of sex steroids during puberty helps overcome the attenuation of growth caused by TKIs, both by the indirect effect of sex steroids on the GH–IGF-1 axis and their direct effect at the growth plate. As the underlying mechanism of slow growth in patients on TKIs is complex and involves off-target inhibition of kinases, both in the growth plate and in the GH–IGF-1 axis, optimal therapy to address this effect is not clear. As stated previously, the use of GH therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia cannot be recommended without further studies, and although discontinuation of TKIs in adult patients has been reported, this should be considered in pediatric patients only in the context of a clinical trial. Dr. Rivas-Crespo's suggestion of the use of weak, nonaromatizable androgens is intriguing as they may directly stimulate proliferation of chondrocytes at the growth plate as well as act on the GH–IGF-1 axis; this idea certainly warrants further experimental investigation.


cyano-2-dicyanomethylpyridines has been investigated. The intermediate products of this reaction - cis,trans-2-amino,4,6-diaryl-l,l,3-tricyanohexa-l,3,5-trienes have been isolated; on heating these are transformed reversibly into the initial cyclohexadienes or they isomerize irreversibly into trans,trans-hexatrienes, while in the presence of a base (piperidine, diethylamine, triethylamine, KOH), they cyclize to form the above-mentionedpyridine derivatives. It has been established previously that the products of the cross-dimerization of 3-aryl2-cyanobut-2-enonitriles (I) and of 3-aryl-2-cyanopropenonitriles (II) -- 1-amino-3,5-dlaryl2,6,6-tricyanocyclohexa-l,3-dienes (III) -- recyclize to form the pyridlne derivatives (Va-g) [i, 2]. In the present investigation, this reaction has been studied in more detail. NH 2 R ~


This treatise discuss the scheme which minitype voltaic transducer and IC are designed together,and analyse with corresponding theory.According as the data of experiment bring forward the associated formula of compensateing the different the angle.


Anti-jamming of frequency hopping(FH) communication has increasingly become a prominent problem.Anti-jamming of FH synchronization information transmission is especially crucial.The main interference of FH system is broadband low spectrum density interference,narrow-band high spectrum density interference and fake synchronizing information interference.Aimed at the blanket jamming and the fake synchronizing information interference,an anti-jamming strategy is proposed.Preliminary conception is put forward for synchronous mode's control compatibility.It can provide reference for anti-jamming design of FH synchronous systems.


Carbon onions have been produced in a transmission electron microscope by electron irradiation of amorphous carbon in the presence of Pd clusters. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed structural changes of the onion surface, and atom clouds were observed at the pentagonal vertices. In some onions, Pd atoms were intercalated between the graphite onion sheets, and a structural model for the intercalation has been proposed. The present work indicates that electron-beam irradiation of amorphous carbon in the presence of Pd clusters is an effective method for the formation of intercalated onions.


PURPOSE: Primary desmoids type fibroma arising from the oral and maxillofacial region is uncommon.The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinicoepidemiological characteristics of this rare disease.METHODS: Epidemiological and clinicopathological data on 20 patients were reviewed from the hospital records and analyzed accordingly.The data were processed with SPSS10.0 software package.RESULTS: Twelve males and 8 females with a ratio of 3∶2 were involved.The mandible was the most common site of presentation.Suspected malignant change was found in 6 cases and an extremely high recurrence rate was also found in up to 53%.Abnormally high blood levels of alkaline phosphatase were found in 65% of patients,which had a close relation with bone resorption.CONCLUSIONS: Desmoids type fibroma arising from the oral and maxillofacial region hold the character of local invasion and regional recurrence;surgery is chosen as the most effective treatment combined with postoperative radiotherapy;elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels may be used as an indicator for bone resorption.


Abstract In this article we obtain sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of the higher-order delay difference equation Δm(yn−∑j=1kpnjyn−mj)+vnG(yσ(n))−unH(yα(n))=fn,$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \Delta^{m}\big(y_n-\sum_{j=1}^k p_n^j y_{n-m_j}\big) + v_nG(y_{\sigma(n)})-u_nH(y_{\alpha(n)})=f_n\,, \end{array}$$ where m is a positive integer and Δ xn = xn+1 − xn. Also we obtain necessary conditions for a particular case of the above equation. We illustrate our results with examples for which it seems no result in the literature can be applied.


The present invention provides an image forming apparatus, which improves the correction accuracy of pixel-addition reading, and hardly cause deterioration in resolution of the image data. The apparatus comprising: a conversion unit, the unit comprising a plurality of pixels, and the incident radiation or light into pixel information; a signal processing unit, based on the control from the control unit, capable of reading the pixel information for each pixel unit, or can be reading the pixel information about the addition of a plurality of unit pixels, the control unit controls the converting unit in accordance with various modes of operation; a storage unit storing a plurality of operation modes according to various correction information; and a correction unit, in accordance with the operation mode from the plurality based on the correction of the pixel information extracted from a correction information correction information performed.


Contents Preface Introduction Time's Damage and Time's Grief: An Introduction to the Quest Model Heroes Without Name or Origin: The Quest in Merrill's Early Work The Incarnation and Withdrawal of a God: "The Book of Ephraim" Solving this Riddle of Appearances: Mirabell's Books of Number Empty Perfection: Scripts for the Pageant and the Higher Keys To All, Sweet Dreams: Concluding the Quest Works Cited Index


Recently, spoken dialogue systems have been widely deployed in a variety of applications, serving a huge number of end-users. A common issue is that the errors resulting from noisy utterances, semantic misunderstandings, or lack of knowledge make it hard for a real system to respond properly, possibly leading to an unsatisfactory user experience. To avoid such a case, we consider a proactive interaction mechanism where the system predicts the user satisfaction with the candidate response before giving it to the user. If the user is not likely to be satisfied according to the prediction, the system will ask the user a suitable question to determine the real intent of the user instead of providing the response directly. With such an interaction with the user, the system can give a better response to the user. Previous models that predict the user satisfaction are not applicable to DuerOS which is a large-scale commercial dialogue system. They are based on hand-crafted features and thus can hardly learn the complex patterns lying behind millions of conversations and temporal dependency in multiple turns of the conversation. Moreover, they are trained and evaluated on the benchmark datasets with adequate labels, which are expensive to obtain in a commercial dialogue system. To face these challenges, we propose a pipeline to predict the user satisfaction to help DuerOS decide whether to ask for clarification in each turn. Specifically, we propose to first generate a large number of weak labels and then train a transformer-based model to predict the user satisfaction with these weak labels. Moreover, we propose a metric, contextual user satisfaction, to evaluate the experience under the proactive interaction mechanism. At last, we deploy and evaluate our model on DuerOS, and observe a 19% relative improvement on the accuracy of user satisfaction prediction and 2.3% relative improvement on user experience.


Objective To explore the epileptogenesis mechanism of temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE).Methods Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to analyze Sema3C mRNA,Np1 mRNA and their pro- tein in CA_1 at different time after lithium-chloride and pilocarpine induced TLE.Results 7 days after lithium-chlo- ride and pilocarpine induced TLE,Sema3C and Np1 in CA_1 decreased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion The down-regulation of Sema3C and Np1 in CA_1 may be one of the endogenous molecular mechanism of axonal sprout- ing in CA_1.


The COVID-19 pandemic has been testing countries' capacities and scientific preparedness to actively respond, and collaborate on a common cause. It has also heightened awareness of the urgent need to empirically describe and analyze health inequalities, to be able to act effectively. What is known about the rapidly emerging COVID-19 inequalities research field? We analyzed the volume of COVID-19 inequalities scientific production (2020-2021), its distribution by country income groups and world regions, and inter-country collaborations, to provide a first snapshot. COVID-19 inequalities research has been highly collaborative, however inequalities exist within this field, and new dynamics have emerged in comparison to the global health inequalities research field. To ensure preparedness for future crises, investment in health inequalities research capacities must be a priority for all.


The proposal for China's dual-carbon target is based on the foundation of addressing climate change. It is imperative to enhance carbon sinks and reduce carbon sources to implement climate governance. The terrestrial ecosystem is an important atmospheric carbon sink, while the tropical seasonal rain forest, as a component of the terrestrial ecosystem in China characterized by rich biomass, and strong productivity, plays an essential role in carbon sequestration. As one of the basic observation and research stations of China Flux Research Network (ChinaFLUX), the Xishuangbanna Tropical Seasonal Rainforest Ecological Station built in 2002 has accumulated 20 years of carbon and water flux observation data. Based on the ChinaFLUX data processing system, this dataset processes and collates the tropical seasonal rain forest flux and conventional meteorological data of Xishuangbanna from January 2011 to December 2015. The result is a collection of data products at half-hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly intervals. This dataset can be applied to research fields such as the analysis of the carbon cycle response mechanism of ecosystems and the assessment of carbon sequestration benefits under climate change, and it can also serve as a valuable reference for the optimization of ecosystem model parameters and the verification of results. Through multi-platform architecture, multi-scale integration, and multi-method coupling, the dataset is expected to further provide basic support for analyzing the mechanisms of regional and even global carbon-water-heat cycles in ecosystems, spatiotemporal dynamics and predicting future carbon sink potential, thus providing the scientific basis for achieving China's carbon neutrality goal.


Theoretical and experimental research on the radiative transport from flames in furnaces is reviewed. A "flow chart" of the procedure of solving a radiative transfer problem is presented. Banded and continuous emission in furnace flames is considered. Emission from particulate clouds is discussed in three groups according to the value of the Mie parameter X=rrd/X: for X<<I (soot in flames) where scattering is negligible, and calculated and measured optical constants are available, for X ~ I (cenospheres in flames) where scattering by individual particles is taken into account, and for X>>I (pulverized coal flames) where the scattering is multiple and anisotropic. Simplified furnace calculations: the well-stirred and the plugflow furnace models and the zone method of analysis are discussed, together with approximate methods for the solutions of the transport equation when allowance has to be made for multiple scattering. The experimental information smareyed is presented in two groups:


A field experiment was conducted with maize-wheat system during 2014-15 and 2015-16 at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi to study the soil microbial activities, crop growth, water use and its related parameters of maize and wheat as influenced by crop residue (CR) and potassium (K) management practices under zero till maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four CR levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 t/ ha) and five K levels (0, 50%, 100%, 150% RDK [recommended dose of K] and 50% RDK + potassium solubilizing bacteria, KSB). The results revealed that significantly higher biomass production, water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water productivity (IWP) and total water productivity (TWP) of maize and wheat were found with 4.0-6.0 t/ha CR as compared to no CR and 2.0 t/ha CR.This was in consonance with improvement in soil microbial activities. Among K management, 50% RDK+KSB, 100% RDK and 150% RDK were found significantly superior over no K and 50% RDK for soil microbial activities, biomass production, WUE, IWP and TWP of maize and wheat. Thus, a combination of 4.0-6.0 t/ha CR retention and 50% RDK along with seed inoculation of KSB microbial strain could be pre-eminent options to improve crop growth, water use efficiency and soil microbial activities in zero till maize-wheat system.


This work is devoted to find the eigenstates of a two dimensional damped harmonic oscillator in the presence of an external magnetic field varying with respect to time with a time dependent spatial noncommutativity. It is observed that there are some specific choices of the damping factor, the time dependent frequency of the oscillator and the time dependent external magnetic field for which one can obtain interesting solutions of the time dependent noncommutative parameters. These solutions follow from the non-linear Ermakov-Pinney equation. We then obtain exact analytic forms for the phase which relates the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian with the eigenstates of the Lewis invariant. An important aspect of this study is to see the relationship between the damping and the applied magnetic field on the energy profile of the system. For this we compute the expectation value of the Hamiltonian. These are found to vary with time for different solutions of the Ermakov-Pinney equation corresponding to different choices of the damping factor, the time dependent frequency of the oscillator and the time dependent applied magnetic field. Finally, we compare our results with those in the absence of the magnetic field to determine the effect of the applied field on our system.


The invention discloses a preparation method of dendrobium vanilla wine, relating to the preparation of health wine. The technical proposal of the invention comprises the following steps: high quality rice wine is taken as base wine, high quality dendrobium scapus is selected as a main material and vanilla pod is selected as an auxiliary material for flavoring; the raw materials are prepared according to the proportion of 1:30-50 of the dendrobium to the base wine; and the adding amount of the vanilla pod is 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the base wine and the dendrobium. The dendrobium vanilla wine prepared by the method of the invention has not only multiple heath care functions but also mild medicinal odour accompanying savoury and mellow taste.


INTRODUCTION. Previously, we studied the poloidal rotation of internal impurities (e.g. C) as a function of density in the TJ-II stellarator and made comparisons between the deduced radial electric field and neoclassical theory [1]. However, a long-standing debate exists in the magnetic fusion community, beginning with the pioneering tokamak experiments [2,3] on whether the rotation of intrinsic impurities and that of main ions, being different, can be understood within the standard neoclassical framework. The present work contributes (at this stage only from a phenomenological point of view) to this ongoing discussion by presenting both main species and impurity rotation data in a stellarator magnetic configuration.


Concern for pedestrian safety has grown recently because of ageing population not only in North America but globally. Meanwhile the overrepresentation of older adults in fatal pedestrian crashes has been a longstanding problem. As sustainable transport policy becomes prevalent, planners and practitioners will have the opportunity to introduce countermeasures to better meet senior pedestrian needs. In this paper the authors focus on the built environment because this variable category translates into more accessible countermeasures. However, a gap in the literature makes it difficult for planners and practitioners to choose these. Past empirical studies suggest there is an observed risk increase for older adult pedestrians due to their slower walking speed, while crash history studies have yet to provide evidence for this. This gap in the literature begs the question: if there is a link between slower walking seniors and crash incidence. Two models were specified according to younger and older pedestrians involved in crashes that occurred at 191 signalized intersections in Montreal, Canada. The authors sought to determine if older adult pedestrian crash incidence was explained by different characteristics compared to the younger. Results not only showed that older pedestrians were more vulnerable and influenced by some different risk factors than the younger, but that they may be more responsive to some potential countermeasures.


A new type of fossil alga, Sclerococclls gen. nov., is recorded from the Jutogh • E ' Member of the Simla area. The alga is characterised by the presence of sclerotic thickenings on the cells.


Incoherent scatter measurements of the topside ionosphere above Arecibo on August 15--16, 1976, are presented and compared with a time-dependent mathematical model of the L = 1.4 magnetic flux tube. In the mathematical model the ions are O/sup +/ and H/sup +/, and their concentrations and field-aligned velocities are calculated from time dependent plasma continuity and momentum equations. As far as possible, the values of the atmospheric parameters used in the mathematical model are appropriate to August 15--16, 1976. However, to help explain the processes that occur in the topside ionosphere above Arecibo, calculations have been performed with some modified atmospheric parameters. The observed values of electron concentration and percentage H/sup +/ abundance can be reproduced by the mathematical model if we permit an interhemispheric flow of H/sup +/. There does not appear to be any other physically realistic way to achieve agreeement. At times, the model indicates that interhemispheric flow of H/sup +/ is from the hemisphere conjugate to Arecibo, i.e., from the winter hemisphere to the summer hemisphere. However, the results of the calculations suggest a net 24-hour transfer of H/sup +/ into the conjugate hemisphere i.e., from the summer hemisphere to the winter hemisphere. Typically, it amountsmore » to 55% of the 24-hour mean values of the total plasma content of the L = 1.4 magnetic flux tube between an altitude of 963 km and the equatorial plane. This is an excellent agreement with the estimate of net integrated H/sup +/ flux given by Vickrey et al. (1979b), which was based on comparing Arecibo observations from summer and winter days. However, the model indicates that there is no simple relationship on a moment-by-moment basis between the magnitude and direction of the interhemispheric H/sup -/ flux and the magnitude and direction of the H/sup +/ field-aligned flux at an altitude around 1000 km.« less


The purpose of this study was to compare the sonographic features of acalculous and calculous sialadenitis of the submandibular gland.


Magnetic fields likely play an important role in star formation, but the number of directly measured magnetic field strengths remains scarce. We observed the 38.3 and 38.5 GHz Class II methanol (CH$_3$OH) maser lines toward the high mass star forming region NGC 6334F for the Zeeman effect. The observed spectral profiles have two prominent velocity features which can be further decomposed through Gaussian component fitting. In several of these fitted Gaussian components we find significant Zeeman detections, with $zB_{\rm los}$ in the range from 8 to 46 Hz. If the Zeeman splitting factor $z$ for the 38 GHz transitions is of the order of $\sim$1 Hz mG$^{-1}$, similar to that for several other CH$_3$OH maser lines, then magnetic fields in the regions traced by these masers would be in the range of 8-46 mG. Such magnetic field values in high mass star forming regions agree with those detected in the better-known 6.7 GHz Class II CH$_3$OH maser line. Since Class II CH$_3$OH masers are radiatively pumped close to the protostar and likely occur in the accretion disk or the interface between the disk and outflow regions, such fields likely have significant impact on the dynamics of these disks.


Let $A \in {\cal C}^n$ be an exceptional extremal copositive $n \times n$ matrix with positive diagonal. A zero $u$ of $A$ is a non-zero nonnegative vector such that $u^TAu = 0$. The support of a zero $u$ is the index set of the positive elements of $u$. A zero $u$ is minimal if there is no other zero $v$ such that $\Supp v \subset \Supp u$ strictly. Let $G$ be the graph on $n$ vertices which has an edge $(i,j)$ if and only if $A$ has a zero with support $\{1,\dots,n\} \setminus \{i,j\}$. In this paper, it is shown that $G$ cannot contain a cycle of length strictly smaller than $n$. As a consequence, if all minimal zeros of $A$ have support of cardinality $n - 2$, then $G$ must be the cycle graph $C_n$.


The utility model discloses a novel oil pump of a diesel engine. The novel oil pump comprises a transmission gear, a main oil pump body, a driving shaft component, an oil absorption pump body and a driven shaft component, wherein a main pump oil inlet is arranged on one side of the main oil pump body; a main pump oil outlet is arranged on a flange surface of the main oil pump body attached to a mounting surface of the diesel engine body; and an auxiliary pump oil inlet and an auxiliary pump oil outlet are arranged on the two sides of the oil absorption pump body respectively. The novel oil pump disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of novel, compact and reasonable structure design, high overall output power and reliable work, and can effectively reduce the heat load born by the whole diesel engine so as to improve the overall reliability.


It is established that the new enterosorbent Klimont effectively absorbs toxic organic substances (phenol, aniline, benzene, urea) as well as cations of heavy metals even if the concentrations of these toxicants are many times exceeding their maximum permitted concentrations in water. With respect to the sorption capacity, Klimont is comparable with other zeolites used for the purification of potable water.


The "Channel 3" phenomena in benzene were investigated concerning a model scheme as an extension of that applied for a typical intermediate case molecule, pyrazine. Using a multiple doorway-states formalism, the difficulties in interpreting such as insufficient density of states for the intermediate dark levels were eliminated based on a preisomerization diagram involving a benzene isomer, most probably benzvalene. By a detailed examination of information about the title subject in the literature concerning both experiments and theory, several questions were raised and answered while making proposals for further study.


CHAPERONE ALPHA B CRYSTALLIN ASSOCIATED WITH BINDING PROINFLAMMATORY PLASMA PROTEINS Jonathan B. Rothbard, Michael P. Kurnellas, Sara Brownell, Chris M. Adams, Leon Su, Robert C. Axtell, Rong Chen, C. Garrison Fathman, William H. Robinson, Lawrence Steinman From Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Mass Spectrometry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA, 94305-5316 and the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA 94304 Running head: sHsp binding of inflammatory proteins in plasma Address correspondence to Lawrence Steinman, Department Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman B002, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5316 fax: 650-725-0627 email: email@example.com


: Surface modifications of implants can improve the rate of osseointegration. The aim of this study was to deter mine the effect of super-hydrophilic modification on tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) implant surface and its subse quent effect on the rate of osseointegration. The TZP implants were rendered super-hydrophilic by the use of ultraviolet light (UV) or via atmospheric-pressure plasma treatments (PL), on their surface and were compared to control specimen that any surface modification wasn't performed (NC). According to the surface wettability and x-ray photoelectron spec troscopy (XPS) analysis, the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of UV and PL was 0 degree, and their C1s peak was less than that of NC. The push-in test and histological analysis revealed that the super-hydrophilic modification en hanced the bone-implant integration and the formation of new bone around the TZP implants. Additionally, carbon removal and surface wettability enhancement likely improved the osseointegration rate. The study, therefore, demonstrates the de-sign of future TZP implants, particularly for dental applications. This study explored the effect of super-hydrophilic surface modifica tion on TZP implants and its subsequent effect on the rate of osseointe gration in rats. In this study, UV and PL were used. These treatments had no detrimental effect on the TZP implant surface and demonstrated sufficient capacity for carbon removal and super-hydrophilicity for TZP implants. UV and PL TZP implants demonstrated improved osseointe gration rate compared to NC. Super-hydrophilic surface treatments have been used to improve the osseointegration rate of titanium implants. Ultraviolet light exposure en hances protein adsorption, bone marrow cell adhesion, osteoblast differ -entiation, and osseointegration rate of titanium implants 12) . A previous study demonstrated that 4-week-aged, Ultraviolet light treated titanium surfaces increased bioactivity to a level comparable to or greater than that of freshly prepared surfaces, owing to the restoration of super-hy-drophilicity 13) . Plasma-treated titanium surfaces promoted osteoblast proliferation 14) and increased bone-to-implant contact 15,16) . Ultraviolet light treatment enhanced osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization in zirconia implants 22) and improved bone-to-implant contact and osseointegration 23) . Additionally, Plasma treatment enhanced the bio-compatibility of zirconia implants 24–26) . The findings of this study are consistent with those reported in the previous studies.


It's an opportunity and also a challenge that China enters the WTO. There are three aspects that foreign trade enterprises need adapt to the WTO rules; human resources, enterprise mechanism and enterprise services. This article specifically analyzes the current status of such three aspects, and gives some advice on how to overcome the shortcomings that enterpirses would face when China enters the WTO.


The sensitivity analysis of electricity price is all along one of the important and unsolved problems in electricity market research,despite its significance for the market participants. Because of the complexity of electricity market,many traditional methods may experience difficulties in solving the price sensitivity problems. A novel method for electricity price sensitivity analysis based on numerical simulation is presented. First according to statistical learning theory,price simulation model is built to accomplish the mapping of price and its influence factors by support vector machine (SVM). Then based on that model,the changes in prices are simulated with market factors changing at the same time. After that,the sensitivity coefficients are computed,by using the simulated price samples in different market scenarios. In this way,price sensitivity analysis is effectively accomplished by combining the black-box modeling of SVM. The proposed model is featured with its theoretical simplicity,explanation ability and generalization capability. Case studies are used to testify the proposed model.


Objective:Changes of chlorophyll,soluble sugar,soluble protein,during the plant regeneration in Rabdosia rubescens were studied to explore the correlation between the accumulation of the active components and physiological characteristics of cultural materials of R.rubescens.Method: UV spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the content of chlorophyll,soluble sugar,soluble protein in the cultural materials of different stage.Result: The content of chlorophyll,soluble protein and acetic acid was positively correlated with the oridonin,while the soluble sugar had a negative correlation with the oridonin.Conclusion: The content of chlorophyll,soluble protein in the cultural materials had a mutual promotion relationship with the oridonin,and the levels of soluble sugar were closely related to the growth speed and developmental phase of the cultural materials.


The stress variation and stress distributions in stepped-lap adhesive joints of dissimilar adherends under impact tensile loadings were analyzed in elastic range using three-dimensional finite element method. The impact loading was applied to the lower adherend by dropping a weight. The name of FEM code employed was DYNA3D. The effects of Young's modulus of the adhesive, the adhesive thickness, a number of steps in the adherends, and combination of adherend's materials on the stress variation and the stress distributions at the interfaces between the adherend and the adhesive were examined. As the results, it was found that the maximum value of the maximum principal stress σ1 occured at the outside edges of the interfaces of the lower adherend which was subjected to the impact loadings. The maximum value of σ1 increased as Young's modulus of the adhesive and the adhesive thickness at the butted parts decreased and as the numbers of steps in the adherends increased. The maximum value of σ1 in adherend's combination where the upper adherend was aluminum alloy and the lower adherend was steel, was larger than that of σ1 in opposite adherend's combination. In addition, experiments to measure the strain response of joints subjected to impact tensile loadings using strain gauges were carried out. The measured strain response was compared with the numerical results. A fairly good agreement was found between the numerical and the measured results concerning the strain responses.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic disease in which inflammation is sustained by continuous influx of inflammatory leukocytes into gut mucosa and may affect all segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Immune cell trafficking is regulated via chemokine gradients and adhesion molecules such as integrins. Here we explored the expression profile of gut-specific integrin and chemokine axes in different regions of the gut to identify possible targets for treating CD patients with different disease location or phenotype.

 This study used transcriptomic data from gut tissue biopsies of the large and small intestine of 611 CD and 315 UC patients enrolled in a multicentred longitudinal Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort with IBD (SPARC IBD) obtained from the IBD Plexus program of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation. We mapped the expression of selected chemokine receptors and their ligands as well as gut-specific integrins onto the different segments of the intestine. Expression data were then linked to available clinical disease phenotypes, as well as genotype information.

 In both CD and UC patients, ITGA4 and ITGB7, the targets for Vedolizumab, and their endothelial ligand MADCAM1 were ubiquitously present in all regions of the gut. GPR15 and its ligand C10orf99 were predominantly expressed in colonic biopsies. On the contrary, expression of CCR9 and its ligand CCL25 were specific to the terminal ileum with only minimal transcriptional activity in the colon. Expression of CCL25 was significantly increased in patients with penetrating and/or stricturing CD, a disease feature associated with ileal CD that has high impact for patients and is currently an unmet for IBD patients. Further, we identified an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) upstream of the CCL25 promoter linked to small bowel expression of CCL25.

 Our data highlight the potential for targeting the CCR9/CCL25 axis as a treatment for small bowel Crohn's Disease which may have been incompletely targeted to date by small molecule inhibitors. Further investigations are warranted to identify a mechanistic link between this pathway and penetrating and stricturing disease.


Bakken, Børge (ed.). Crime and the Chinese Dream. (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2018. vii + 169 pp. ISBN 978-988-820866-1.) Bao, Hongwei. Queer Comrades: Gay Identity and Tongzhi Activism in Postsocialist China. (Copenhagen, NiAS Press, 2018. xii + 265 pp. ISBN 978-87-7694-236-6.) Bianco, Lucien. Stalin and Mao: A Comparison of the Russian and Chinese Revolutions. (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2018. xxv + 448 pp. $65.00. ISBN 978-988237-065-4.) Brook, Timothy, Michael Van Walt Van Praag and Miek Boltjes. Sacred Mandates: Asian International Relations since Chinggis Khan. (University of Chicago Press, 2018. xiii + 277 pp. $35.00; £26.00. ISBN 978-0-22656276-6.) Burton, Guy. Rising Powers and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2018. xviii + 186 pp. ISBN 978-1-4985-5195-3.) Cabestan, Jean-Pierre. Demain la Chine: Démocratie ou dictature? (Paris: Gallimard, 2018. 288 pp. €20.00. ISBN 978-2-07278766-9.) Chen, Chien-Kai. Political Economy of ChinaTaiwan Relations: Origins and Development. (Lexington Books, 2018. xvii + 223 pp. $95.00; £65.00. ISBN 978-1-4985-6805-0.) Chen, Ling. Manipulating Globalization: The Influence of Bureaucrats on Business in China. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018. xviii + 207 pp. ISBN 978-15036-0479-7.) Cheung, Gordon C.K. China in the Global Political Economy: From Developmental to Entrepreneurial. (Cheltenham, Glos.: Edward Elgar, 2018. xiv + 197 pp. ISBN 978-1-987471-490-1.) Chi, Pang-yuan. The Great Flower River: A Memoir of China, from Manchuria to Taiwan. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. xxv + 436 pp. $35.00; £27.00. ISBN 978-0-231-18840-1.) Choy, Armando, Gustavo Chui and Moisés Sío Wong. Our History is Still Being Written: The Story of Three Cuban Generals on the Cuban Revolution. (New York, London, Montreal and Sydney: Pathfinder, 2017. 221 pp. ISBN 978-1-60488-102-8.) Collett, Nigel. A Death in Hong Kong: The MacLennan Case of 1980 and the Suppression of a Scandal. (Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2018. xxx + 499 pp. ISBN 978-962-937-347-4.) Dillon, Michael. Lesser Dragons: Minority Peoples of China. (Reaktion Books, 2018. 288 pp. £40.00. ISBN 978-1-78023911-8.) Economy, Elizabeth C. The Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. xiv + 343 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-086607-5.) Eisenman, Joshua. Red China's Green Revolution: Technological Innovation, Institutional Change, and Economic Development Under the Commune. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. xxxiii + 436 pp. ISBN 978-0231-18667-4.) Erickson, Brita (ed.). Modern Ink: The Art of Wu Changshi. (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2018. 168 pp. ISBN 978-08248-7403-2.) Fan, Xing. Staging Revolution: Artistry and Aesthetics in Model Beijing Opera during the Cultural Revolution. (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2018. xiii + 288 pp. $65.00; £50.00. ISBN 978-988-8455-81-2.) Fürst, Juliane, Silvio Pons and Mark Selden (eds.). Communism. Volume III: Endgames, Late Communism in Global Perpsective, 1968 to the Present. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. xv + 645 pp. ISBN 9781-107-13564-2.) 912


The deposition of laterally graded Mo/Si multilayers for EUV collector optics is one of the key challenges to bring EUV Lithography to high volume manufacturing. Coating results of the world's largest EUV collector are presented.


In the world of functional medicine and therapy, the research of the last 10 years manifested the advanced chemical and material tools as the game-changers of the field. Different innovations in this field offer unprecedented opportunities to strengthen the frontiers of clinical decision making and even tackling unexpected disease outbreaks. In parallel to the exponential growth of genetic databases with smart data processing tools, advanced chemical and material synthesis techniques have been designed as innovative therapeutic solution or as investigational diagnostic agent. In this scenario, scientist become enabled to study even more diverse mechanisms of various drug targets, pharmacological action of drugs and their molecular origin. All this progress is shaping the concept of precision medicine into reality. To this end, precisely designed chemical tools and materials are perpetually required for more specific and effective prevention and treatment modalities. Hence, this Research Topic is focused to spotlight the latest chemical and material tools to improve treatment, diagnosis and bench scale monitoring technique. This research theme collected different contributions and highlights on multiple unique approaches on the functional upgradation of drug molecules, drug targets, their selected delivery and sensitive detection to deal more prevalent health problems and their diagnosis. These contributions enabled us to shed light on the diversity and progression of advanced chemical and material tools in this field. Among different health threats, drug-resistant pathogens pose a significant menace to public health worldwide. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens have led to increased mortality rates, prolonged illness, and higher healthcare costs. Screening or identifying new potential drug candidates, can combat the resistant pathogens and provide effective treatment options. In this Research Topic, Javaid et al. screened and characterized a new traizole Schiff base moieties while considering its pharmacological compatibilities, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Besides, the discovery of new drugs, understanding and characterizing the existent drug crystal polymorphs can provide valuable insights on the structure property relationship for improving both preventive and therapeutic medicines. Researchers and companies continue to explore the occurrence, characterization, and impact of polymorphs to optimize drug development and ensure the production of safe and effective OPEN ACCESS


The first article on ultrasound guided nerve blocks was published in 1994. Subsequent years brought great progress in imaging techniques and their application in anaesthesia. The first ultrasound guided brachial plexus block at Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Teaching Ward CMKP was perform in 2009. Since then, the method took a permanent place in our clinical practice. Our aim was to present efficacy and security analysis of both ultrasoundguided and classical techniques of brachial plexus blocks performed in the years 2007-2013. During that period, there were 933 cases of brachial plexus blocks for upper limb surgery. The number of cases in classical technique method group was 698 procedures (74,8%), whereas in the ultrasound group 235 (25,2%). We analyzed efficacy as conversion to general anesthesia percentage; also, the total volume of local anesthetics used and instances when additional analgesic drugs needed to be provided during surgery. In classical techniques group there were 45/698 conversions (6,45%) as compared to 7/235 (2,98%) in the ultrasound group (p<0,05). In classical method group, significantly more local anesthetics were applied – an average of 37,6 ml in comparison to 22,9 ml in the other group (p<0,05). There were no statistically significant differences in additional analgesia in either of the groups. Retrospective analysis of brachial plexus block techniques demonstrated that the use of ultrasound imaging reduced the conversion rate as well as the total volume of local anesthetics used, while use of the ultrasound technique increased blocks' efficacy and security.


Background and purpose: Cancer is the common cause of death in developed and developing countries. Gastrointestinal cancer is a major cause of death in north of Iran which is located in the esophageal cancer belt. North east of Iran especiallyTorkman Sahra has the maximum number of patients with esophageal cancer. This type of cancer often appears in advanced stages. In this study we investigated the spatial variation of esophageal and gastric cancer in different parts of Golestan province and its relationship with soil conditions of that area. Materials and methods: In this study the rates of esophagus and stomach cancer were evaluated using spatial statistics. Then Universal kriging map of the esophagus and stomach cancer was drawn. Results: The minimum and maximum ASR ratio of esophageal cancer was 58.5 and 27.680, respectively. The optimal model for exponent changing of esophageal cancer, exponential model and gastric cancer is Gaussian model. Regions with the largest changes in loess deposits were found in north east of Golestan province and the maximum amount of esophageal and gastric cancer were observed in this region. Conclusion: Maps derived from this study showed that esophageal cancer in Golestan province is more acute than gastric cancer. Map of incidence of cancer from west to east is more dens. Kalaleh city has most of loess sediments and the highest rate of esophageal cancer.


The similarity and differences between representative profiles of typical and leached chernozems with respect to their physical properties (the content of physical clay (<0.01 mm), clay, and sand particles; soil compactness; and the content of water-stable aggregates) and the content and reserves of humus are analyzed. The comparison between these subtypes of chernozems is performed in two variants: (a) with regard to their position in a particular soil combination and (b) irrespectively of the place of these soils in the soil cover. The properties of individual soil horizons are also compared. The major reasons of spatial variability in soil physical properties are revealed.


Puppet umar maya is known as one of the characters in the sasak puppet story. This figure acts as an advisor to the knights in the right puppets, especially the advisor to the king of the Jayangrana king. As an advisor, this figure has a wise, humble, smart, brave, and loyal character to his country. From these various characteristics, this figure is respected by all right-wing puppets and respected by his enemies. In this research, the writer tries to describe the shape of the virtual puppet umar figures with the hope that the community, especially the younger generation among academics, can know the form of the puppet sasak, especially the virtual umar figures. The research method that I use is a qualitative method where the data collection is done by observation, interviews with the actors of Sasak puppet art, as well as reviewing documents that discuss Sasak puppets. From the results of research conducted by the author, the results obtained in the form of a description of the shape of the virtual umar characters in sasak puppets which are divided into urayan about the shape of the virtual umar figures in terms of the form of making ideas of virtual umar characters and the physical form of the virtual umar characters in the sasak puppet


The reflection-based real-time component model mainly researches on timing-constraint component model or horizontal reuse in real-time application software. Starting from traditional component model and using reflection technology,a new component model——reflective real-time component model is brought forward while developing real-time software system. The model is composed of reflective real-time semantic and grammatical model. Besides the necessary functional requirement features of specification components, it can effectively identify the time-constraint feature of components, which makes it different from the traditional functional components and therefore a better choice for the software system developer. Also, integrated with reflection technology, it can make dynamic update according to changed customer requirement to protect the constructing and developing of real-time application system more safely. This enhances the flexibility of component design and results in better products. Reflective real-time component model is a theoretical component model as well as a project model.


1. Ionic currents induced by depolarization of motoneurones were analysed by tight‐seal, whole‐cell recording in thin slices of neonatal rat lumbar spinal cord. Identification of motoneurones viewed under Nomarski optics was confirmed by retrograde labelling with the fluorescent dye, Evans Blue. 2. Under whole‐cell voltage clamp, depolarizing command pulses from a holding potential of about ‐70 mV evoked a fast inward current followed by an outward current. The former was suppressed either by lowering external Na+ concentration or by application of tetrodotoxin (TTX). The apparent dissociation constant of TTX was about 13 nM. 3. The outward current remaining after TTX application was activated by depolarization above ‐50 mV, showing marked outward rectification in the current‐voltage relation. Outward tail currents reversed in polarity near the K+ equilibrium potential calculated from the external and pipette K+ concentrations. 4. When external Ca2+ was replaced by Mg2+, the outward K+ current was suppressed markedly and reversibly. Subtraction of current recorded in Ca2+‐free‐Mg2+ solution from that in control solution revealed a Ca2(+)‐dependent K+ current, IK(Ca) with both a transient, IC, and a sustained component IAHP; its tail current lasted for several hundred milliseconds. 5. The sustained outward current observed in Ca2(+)‐free‐Mg2+ solution was largely suppressed by external application of tetraethylammonium chloride (30 mM), suggesting that it was mostly the delayed rectifier current, IK. In Ca2(+)‐free‐Mg2+ solution containing TEA and TTX, another transient outward current was observed, which was inactivated by depolarizing pre‐pulses in a time‐ and voltage‐dependent manner. The steady‐state inactivation curve indicated 50% inactivation at about ‐77 mV. 4‐Aminopyridine (4‐AP, 4 mM) largely and reversibly suppressed this current, whereas it did not affect IK observed in the absence of TEA. It is suggested that the transient outward current corresponds to the A‐current (IA). 6. Action potentials were recorded in current‐clamp mode. Replacement of external Ca2+ by Mg2+ markedly diminished the after‐hyperpolarization. Concomitantly, the repolarizing phase of action potentials was slightly prolonged. In Ca2(+)‐free‐Mg2+ solution, application of 4‐AP markedly prolonged action potential repolarization. In Ca2(+)‐free‐Mg2+ solution containing 4‐AP, addition of TEA‐Cl further prolonged the duration of the action potential. It is concluded that three different potassium currents, IC, IA and IK may all contribute to action potential repolarization in rat spinal motoneurones.


Adhesion band is one of the most important challenges after the operation. Regarding to the use of corticosteroid medications in inflammatory conditions, no studies have been conducted on the topical application, even though limited success have been reported with the systemic therapy. Since the systemic therapy of corticosteroids has its own limitation, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of using topical betamethasone on the prevention of peritoneal adhesion in an animal model. A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into two groups (control and betamethasone) and underwent laparotomy. Then, the adhesion was induced with the abrasion of dry gauze on the small intestine in both groups. In the betamethasone group, 0.1% betamethasone ointment was applied on the site of abrasion. After the 14 days, the animals were sacrificed, laparotomy was then performed with a U-shaped incision, and the number and location of the adhesions were reported. Histological parameters such as inflammatory reactions and collagen precipitations were evaluated, and neovascularization, abnormal mucosal proliferation, foreign body granulation, fibroblastic maturation were also observed. The results showed that the mean number of adhesions in the betamethasone and control groups were 1.08 and 1.17, respectively. Though betamethasone reduced the number of adhesions, the decrease was not statistically significant. Likewise, the results of histopathological evaluations showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Our study demonstrated that the local application of betamethasone ointment in a single dose after laparotomy could not be effective in preventing peritoneal adhesion and inflammatory processes. Further investigations with larger sample sizes treated with higher doses of corticosteroids are required to find better the effects of topical betamethasone ointment on the peritoneal adhesion and inflammation following laparotomy.


GSM-R, the railway extension of GSM telephony, has been designed specifically to satisfy railway radio communication requirements. In this three-part paper we describe the advanced features of GSM-R that set it apart as a railway system and demonstrate that it is available technology, ready for use today. We explain how GSM-R has been approved by international standards organisations and has a Notified Body process for type and system approval. Finally, we show that GSM-R is applicable to Australia, providing an effective solution to many of the communication problems of Australian railways. Part 2 discusses the approval processes for GSM-R, its implementation to date and the availability of GSM-R systems.


(1976). Relations between the Muslim league and the Panjab national unionist party 1935–47. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 51-65.


A compliant tower is a slender tubular steel structure of relatively constant cross section over its height. Unlike a rigid jacket or gravity structure it is designed such that its fundamental natural period is greater than that of the ocean waves, so that much of the wave loading on the tower is resisted by its inertia rather than being imposed on other structural elements. A study undertaken by Exxon Production Research Co. has shown that for water depths of 1,000 to 3,000 ft and functional and environmental conditions typical of the Gulf of Mexico a new Compliant Piled Tower design is considerably less expensive than five alternative compliant tower designs considered. This design comprises a fabricated steel tower with a uniform square cross section; long piles are installed around the periphery of each corner leg and extend upward along the legs to an attachment point considerably above the mudline. For deepwater designs these piles are attached near the structure's midpoint, while for shallower applications they are extended to the surface inside sleeves that have the effect of increasing their length. No expensive guylines or large buoyancy tanks are required. The results for each of the six different designs compared in the study are summarised.


Tea (Camellia sinensis(L.) Kuntze) is one type of important cash plantsand widely cultivated in the hilly areas of subtropical region of south China. The diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of tea and its eco-physiological factors were studied with Fuyunzaohao (a tea cultivar) as well as the effects of 7 different fertilization applications on them by using a set of field experiments in Dongxishan tea farmin Baili Chalang (113°19'E, 28°33'Nat an elevation of 135m). The diurnal variation of Pn showed two peaks under fine weather conditions, which indicated that there was an obvious phenomenon of midday-depression while the eco-physiological factors exhibited some influence on it. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), air temperature (Tl) and concentration of CO2 of air (Ca) were dominant factors in field ecosystem, while transpirationrate (Trl), stomatal conductance (Gs) and concentration of CO2 in cells (Ci) were dominant physiological factors. The regression and path coefficient indicated that ecological factors, especiallylight and temperature, had the greatest influence on Pn, however, the fertilization applications had little effects on those relatively stable climate factors such as PAR, Tl, Ta and RH. Application organic fertilizer including 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of full amount of organic material resulted in obvious increase of Trl, Gs and diurnal Pn, the tea plants absorbed and consumed more CO2 in comparison with the application of chemical fertilizer, intercropping white clover without fertilization and no fertilization treatments. The clustering analysis of Pn and its 8 main eco-physiological factors suggested that the capability of photosynthesis among the treatments could be divided into 4 groups, e. g. application of 100% and 75% organic fertilizer were on the top class with strongest ability followed by 50% and 25% organic fertilizertreatments, chemical fertilizer and intereropping white clover without fertilization were the next group, and no fertiliztion was the lowest.


Technology integration into language arts instruction has been slow and tentative, even as information technologies have evolved with frightening speed. Today's teachers need to be aware of several extant and unchanging realities: Technology is now indispensable to literacy development; reading with technology requires new skills and strategies; technology can support struggling students; technology can transform writing; technology offers a means of motivating students; and waiting for research is a losing strategy.


This paper examines the history, structure and the activities of the Inspectorate-General of Archives and Libraries in Slovakia between 1919 and 1951. Two renowned historians occupied the post of Inspector General: Václav Chaloupecký, a Czech by birth, and Branislav Varsik. In their role, both these scholars of historiography and history who pioneered these subjects at the Comenius University expended great amounts of time and effort to protect a number of important archives. They also laid the groundwork for the establishment of a truly unified and national network of archives whose mission would be to safeguard the nation's cultural heritage and make it available to the general public.


This paper aims at reducing the number of sensors in multicell converters by estimating the capacitor voltages using a load current measurement. To achieve this purpose, we first develop a simple discrete-time model which correctly represents the behavior of the converter in closed loop operation. A discrete Kalman filter (KF) is then detailed for the state estimation in a three-cell converter. Simulation results in the presence of measurement noises are presented to validate this observer. The experimental results for the real-time implementation of the KF are then presented to confirm these simulation results.


As the seventeenth century drew to a close, the type of print discussed so far seemed to have gone out of fashion. This chapter discusses two series of prints, quite different in format, size, style and quality. One is a hefty tome, containing 63 complex and dazzlingly original allegorical images by Romeyn de Hooghe. The other was a loose-leafed and anonymously published collection of prints: adaptations or even blatantly pirated editions of earlier works, with often very corny doggerel verse as commentary. Chronologically they are the latest known examples of the genre: satire on matters of church and religion employing pictures with an allegory and about the semiotics current among connoisseurs of art and letters. The anti-Papal and anti-Jesuit focus of these prints fitted the enlightenment's abhorrence of priestcraft. Both the Hieroglyphica and Roma Perturbata may bear witness to a changing climate of opinion on the religious regime.Keywords: Hieroglyphica; priestcraft; Roma Perturbata; Romeyn de Hooghe; satire


In stressing the imperative role of service quality in obtaining competitive advantage for events industry, this paper, using the SERVQUAL model, measures the service quality of the annual tourism event, TUR, at the Swedish Exhibition and Congress Centre in the city of Gothenburg by ascertaining the gap between exhibitors" expectations and perceptions. It identifies the difference in the importance of the RATER dimensions in exhibitors" expectation and perception. Moreover, the study demonstrates the influence of cultural background and perceived changes on exhibitors" perception. A pre-event and a post-event online survey as well as an onsite interview were conducted to collect data. 2 SERVICE EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS Table of


The effects of oxygen inhalation on types of anoxemia frequently present in clinical disease, as those associated with cardiac insufficiency and pneumonia, have been described in Papers I and II of this series. The terminal development in two cases of lethargic encephalitis of a rare type of shallow breathing resulted in sudden extreme arterial anoxemia and carbon dioxid retention in arterial and venous blood. The effects of oxygen inhalation on the blood gases and on the clinical signs are reported in this paper. REPORT OF CASES Case 25 (Table 2).—. S., white, male, auto repairer; age, 25 years. Diagnosis .—Lethargic encephalitis. History .—Two weeks before entry, patient had right temporal headache. This was followed by pains in both arms and across the abdomen. During the three days prior to admission he developed fever, insomnia, blurring of vision and dropping of left eyelid. Physical Examination . — Jan. 8, 1921: Temperature, 101 F.; pulse,


The distribution of body mass index of students in Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities was studied by measuring height and weight and calculating body mass index of 1421 college students. The results showed that:ratio of normal weight of male students is lower than that of female students;ratio of low weight of female students is higher than that of male students;ratio of over weight and fat of male students is higher than that of female students. The ratio of normal weight students from city and town is the lowest in all students especially male. The ratios of low weight and over weight of the Han nationality students are all higher than those of other nationalities.The ratios of low weight of Han and Mongolia nationality are higher than those of the other both of male and female students. The ratios of over weight male students and low weight female students are all rising with the grades,and the body mass state of grade four students is relatively poor. The relevant departments of university should take some health education and food intervetion measures in the light of the student body mass state.


By use of the reversible trimerization of boronic acids, the series of boroxine cages 3-mer, 6-mer, and 12-mer were constructed from rationally designed diboronic acids whose bond angles between two C-B bonds are 60°, 84°, and 117°, respectively. Boroxine cages 6-mer and 12-mer have 1.5 and 2.5 nm sized cavities, respectively.


From channel setting, system detecting, system refining and regulating, and other aspects, this paper introduces the essential rules and rational process of audio-system control.


Pyrolytic carbon films were deposited on nickel sheets by pyrolysis of benzene at 1000°C. The surface morphology and the degree of graphitization of the deposited carbon films depended on the benzen concentration of the supplied gas. A large amount of nickel was extruded from the nickel substrate to the surface of the carbon film at a certain concentration of benzene.


One of the major disadvantages of HLA (High Level Architecture) is its poor real- time performance, which makes HLA fail in real- time distributed - interactive simulation applications. In this paper, the limits of HLA in real - time distributed- interactive simulations are first analyzed. Then, based on the mechanism of absolute timestamp and hardware clock synchronization, a practical real- time extension to HLA is proposed, including HLA rules, interface specification, and object model template. Furthermore, other related work is also reviewed and compared, which demonstrates that the real- time extension schema proposed in this paper provides the real- time extended HLA with full backward compatibility and high federate portability, and also keeps the HLA time management service transparent to users. Finally, an algorithm of software network clock synchronization with high accuracy in LAN is introduced.


This is the sixth volume in an annual series devoted to articles on child psychiatry and child development. This year's edition contains a total of 43 articles divided into the following sections: infancy studies, developmental issues, parent-child separation, language and learning, racial identification, classification and diagnosis, clinical studies, childhood psychoses, drug studies, pediatrics and mental health, adult outcome of childhood disorder, and effects of institutionalization. Each is preceded by a brief introduction from Drs Chess and Thomas in order to "highlight the most notable trends represented by the articles selected." I found these introductions quite helpful in finding my way to a particular article, point of view, or reported research. The volume is large (over 700 pages); however, the articles are well selected, important, and generally useful to anyone interested in child development. I find the series better each year; the total collection now stands as a representative and


This paper describes the developmnet of a web-based boiler controller which can be in parallel operated with an existing boiler controller. The web-based boiler controller mainly consists of RTL8019AS NIC and TS80C32 microcontroller. In order to communicate over the Internet, we need to develop network driver, IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, and HTTP. For a specific application like web-boiler controller, we have proposed a common global data buffer algorithm to minimize the RAM memory usage. Finally, the correctness and performance of the protocols are tested and verified using CommView and Dummynet. The development is satisfactorily operated only for few hundreds of bytes of RAM usage without sacrificing interoperability between hosts.


A close-up look at the headline-grabbing device that went global when the authors turned it into a surgical YouTube sensation.


The objective of this paper is to explore the use of wavelet transform methods in the characterization and identification of intensity and type of localized corrosion using electrochemical noise (in this case, fluctuations in potential). A series of experiments were conducted using two identical stainless steel electrodes inserted into known corrosive media. The fluctuations in corrosion potential (electrochemical noise) generated from these electrodes were monitored periodically (about every hour) over a few days. These fluctuations were stored in blocks of 1024 data points (collected at 1 Hz). They were analyzed by using conventional signal processing techniques in the time and frequency domains as well as by using wavelet techniques in the time-frequency phase plane. The results were compared with microscopic visual examination of the corroded surface to correlate the electrochemical noise signal with the type and extent of corrosion. The results show that wavelet transforms hold promise in decoding this noise pattern. A method to compute the corrosion intensity from the phase plane data is proposed and is in qualitative agreement with the experimental results.


In this paper I construct gravity model for Lithuania and analyse pandemic-related changes of Lithuania's goods export. Results suggest that pandemic resulted in a decreased export of aircraft, railway products, meat and preparations of cereals and milk. Positive influence was registered for beverages and spirits, tobacco, furniture, electric appliances, fuels, vehicles and medical and pharmaceutical products. I find that Lithuania's export of products of higher complexity was more often affected positively by the pandemic. Results show positive influence of the pandemic for Lithuania's export to countries of higher economic complexity and the ones having stronger trade relations with Lithu-ania. There was no relationship between the effects of the pandemic and the size of the destination countries.


Almost all the rocky samples taken from meteorites and comets have the isotopic compositions of refractory elements nearly identical to those of the terrestrial rocks in spite of the difference in the original locations of their formation. In the parent molecular cloud core, on the other hand, the isotopic composition may be significantly heterogeneous because the traces of short-lived radio nuclides found in primitive meteorites support the external injection of super nova ejecta or gas wind from AGB star just prior to the core collapse. These facts imply that the isotopic homogenization had occurred in the early protoplanetary disk from which the solar system was formed. Furthermore, the observations of cometary dust and extra-solar protoplanetary disks indicate that crystalline silicate dusts are contained in them with significant proportions, implying radial mixing of dust from the inner disk region to the outer one. Such mixing might be induced by the same disk mechanism which causes the homogenization of isotopic abundance.