Abstract With its stringent requirements for scientific evidence, the SPS Agreement is commonly considered a greater constraint on WTO Members' regulatory autonomy than the TBT Agreement. It is consequently feared that Members may 'forum shop' by reconstructing SPS measures as TBT regulations and hereby circumvent WTO obligations. This article revisits these assumptions in the light of recent TBT jurisprudence and explores the respective challenges of defending policy preferences under the two technical regimes. It argues that in some respects – the characterization of a measure and the chosen level of protection – the SPS Agreement provides a securer basis for Members to defend regulatory choices. While evidential burdens are more explicitly demanding under SPS rules, the challenge of justifying a TBT measure's rationality should not be understated. In light of these reflections, this article concludes that 'forum shopping' is an unpromising strategy for protecting controversial SPS measures.


The moral development of early childhood today is very concerning. Most children often disrespect their elders, not appreciating people who are talking, not giving answers according to questions, and often using unkind words. This study aims to instill morals and religion in early childhood. This research is qualitative research, conducted at Baiturrohmah Kindergarten and Childcare, Way Kanan, Lampung. Data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data is then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that in instilling morals and religion in early childhood, a) Baiturrohaman Childcare provides explanations to children about love for Allah SWT and a sense of security through creation and enjoyment given to living beings, obligations and prohibitions for fellow creatures, and rewarding; and b) Baiturrohaman Kindergarten conducts ceremonial activities, physical education, kissing and caressing children, repetition in the learning process, and fulfilling children's play needs.


This study investigates potential improvements or the Korean national elementary integrated curriculum (disciplined life, intelligent life, pleasant life) for Grade 1 (G1) and Grade 2 (G2), by examining approaches to compiling national textbooks. The researcher analyzed the process by which textbooks organize the given curriculum, providing suggestions for main-themes, sub-themes, and activity-themes accordingly. The results of this study indicate that; firstly, sixteen national textbooks have been organized according to the main-themes of the national curriculum; these themes have been bound into plans, represented by fascicles. In this context, the researcher suggests that research be undertaken to investigate whether or not the number of themes should be expanded from eight to sixteen. Secondly, each lesson in the textbooks has been organized according to sub-themes of the national curriculum; this principle of organizing each main theme into four sub-themes should be investigated. Finally, the standards of the content and activity-selection lessons focus on activity-themes and academic achievements; as a result, all ninety-nine academic achievements for the national elementary integrated subject curriculum were analyzed. This study found that thirteen of these academic achievements are inordinately abstract, lacking in comprehensiveness, or are exceedingly narrow. Improvement plans for these academic achievements are suggested.


1. The regulatory mechanism of phonation modality in patients with mild voice disorders was studied and shown as changes of pitch : mean flow rate and intensity : mean flow rate on a cathode ray oscilloscope via phonation analyzer SK-80. 2. The result was that adult patients with singers' nodules tried to vocalize by making the intensity stronger rather than by making the pitch higher, in order to lessen the excessive flow volume during vocalization. 3. Infants with laryngeal nodules reduced the loss of expiratory flow by making the pitch higher rather than by making the intensity stronger. Simultaneous changes of modality were also found in patients with chronic laryngitis 佐賀医科大学耳鼻咽喉科学教室:〒840-01佐 賀市鍋島町大字鍋島3本 杉 *九州大学耳鼻咽喉科学教室:〒812福 岡市東区馬出3-1-1 **福岡市立こども病院耳鼻咽喉科:〒810福 岡市中央区唐人町 Department of Otolaryngology, Saga Medical School : Sanbon-Sugi, Nabeshima , Nabeshima-cho, Saga 840-01. *Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine. Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812. **Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Fukuoka Municipal Children's Hospital Medical Center : Tojinmachi, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810.


In a recent paper (Phys. Rev. B 67 , 094502 (2003)) Mao et al. investigated the bias-dependent conductance of mechanical junctions between superconducting MgCNi 3 and a sharp W tip. They interpreted their results in terms of 'single-particle tunneling'. We show it is more likely that current transport through those junctions is determined by thermal effects due to the huge normal-state resistivity of MgCNi 3 . Therefore no conclusion can be drawn about the possible unconventional pairing or strong-coupling superconductivity in MgCNi 3 .


To further open up China's banking, insurance, securities and auto financing markets was one of the commitments China made on accession to the World Trade Organization in December 2001. By examining China's implementation of these commitments in the past few years and the reform of China's law and regulations in banking, insurance, securities and auto financing, this article attempts to explore, first, some of the issues raised in the WTO annual transitional reviews of China's


The paper describes a simple, small scale and low cost yet comprehensive approach to quantifying the Coefficient of Rolling Resistance/Friction (Crr) also known as the Rolling Resistance Coefficient in automobiles. Crr is usually defined as the amount of force required to overcome the hysteresis of the material during tire rotation, where reduced Crr tires can save 1.5–4.5% of automotive fuel consumption. Automotive Standards from the Society of Automotive Engineers use to quantify Crr namely SAE J2452 and SAE J1269 were briefly introduced. Methods of coast down and speed trap tests were conducted under varying body weighted conditions to find the coefficient value, where a high speed camera monitored the motion of the vehicle. The experiment produced different equations of motion which were then solved analytically by numerical analysis techniques to converge on the rolling friction coefficient. A scaled model was used to run dynamic tests and the Reynolds Number (Re) was used to establish a relationship between model and full scale vehicle velocities. Initial guesses in the least square optimization iterations provided coefficient values where drag forces were normalized by assuming constant drag coefficient (CD of 0.40) and then neglecting its contribution during vehicle motion due to the test model size, resulting in a mean Crr of 0.0116. The study results were compared with 3 studies and also against an automotive Crr model. Schmidt 2010 Dynatest Green Road report shares a high 43% error, while the National Academy of Sciences, 2006 and Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 3(3): 609-625, 2013 610 Gillespie, 1992 yielded errors of 10.5% and 7.2%. The recent mathematical model of Ehsani 2009 yielded an average Crr value error of 2.3% (with individual test averages of 0.80%). Direct scaling and multiplying abilities were attributed for quantifying the normalized value in the study.


The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis states that environment deteriorates at initial stages of development, but improves as rising income levels pass beyond turning point. In empirical analysis of EKC hypothesis, the relationship between environmental degradation per capita income usually expressed as a quadratic or cubic function, where results can be evaluated with respect to the presence or absence of a turning point(s) and the significance of its parameters. The aim of this study is to analyze the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for 15 developing post-Soviet Union countries over time period 1992-2010. Panel fixed effect model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors and generalized least square model are applied to determine the relationship between per capita GDP and per capita CO2 emissions. Furthermore, our models are extended to examine effect of energy efficiency and alternative energy consumption on the EKC hypothesis. Also, population density and international trade are considered for the EKC hypothesis test. The results indicate that the relationship between GDP-CO2 emissions is N-shaped. Also it shows that the adoption of alternative energy use and improving of energy efficiency may significantly reduce CO2 emissions, while there is no trading effect on the CO2 emission.


Based on multivariate random analysis and statistical physics, the reliability model of a system with stress-strength interference and initial failure is developed, the system has multi-state and dependent multi-subsystem. According to the definition of conditionally ordered order statistics, the probability density function of random strength vector is studied. Considering the coherence of subsystem items, the system reliability evaluation for different structures is given, and the reliability of any coherent structure is represented as a linear combination of the reliabilities of ( n - i +1 )-out-of- n system(1≤ i ≤ n ). Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, where the stress-strength variable has a bivariate Pareto distribution.


The Research was carried out at businesses slaughter drakes zone in Subang district, West Java, Indonesia, where all of the animal product marketing were sent to Jakarta city mostly. The aim of this study is to know the channel patterns and margin marketing analysis, and which one is the efficient of farmer share value. Census method was used to the slaughter drakes agents, and the data were obtained through interview techniques, and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the channel patterns consists of several types: a) firstly from farmer to collector traders, the retailers and end to customers, b) secondly, from farmer to wholesalers, then retailers, and end to consumers, and c) The thirdly, from farmers straight to wholesalers then agency as retailers and end to consumers. The result of margin total come from the firstly marketing channel type (a) Rp 9,916.67per tail, the seccondly (b) 9,666.67 per tail and the thirdly (c) Rp 12,166.67 per tail slaughterdrakes. The most efficient marketing come from the secondly channel (b), with the highest farmer share value is 75.63 percent.


Multiple frequency heating has been used since the '90 in ECR ion sources as heating schemes able to improve current intensities especially for highly charged ions. More recently "Two Close Frequency Heating", where the frequency gap is comparable with the scale-length of the resonance, has been proposed, expected also to be sensitive to the relative waves' phase relationship. At ATOMKI—Debrecen a dedicated experiment has been carried out for exploring the effects of the combined frequencies and their relative phase-difference in an argon plasma. The second frequency was finely tuned between 13.6–14.6 GHz with respect to the first one (fixed 14.25 GHz). An optimal frequency gap (in terms of Ar11+/Ar6+ beam currents ratios) has been experimentally found, in agreement with the theory; the optimal power balance (total RF power was 200 W) between the two frequencies has been determined empirically. A weak but clear effect of the relative phase shift has been observed. Each configuration has been characterized by a multi-diagnostics setup: HPGe and SDD detectors were used for the X-rays, a RF probe was introduced inside the plasma chamber to detect the radio-emission from the plasma.


Patients with HPV-negative head and neck cancer (HNSCC) carry a poor prognosis despite optimal treatment with chemoradiation, with a 5 year survival of less than 50%. The future for this disease must lie in further escalation of therapy which represents a difficult task given the fact that the current standard treatment of radiation and cisplatin already approaches the limit of tolerance. The emergence of a wide array of molecularly targeted agents over the last decade with the unique capacity of modulating cancer-specific cellular signaling and response to chemoradiation has garnered significant enthusiasm in the radiation oncology community based on the potential of these compounds to serve as radiation sensitizers. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has uncovered a series of genes with common mutations in a large cohort of HNSCC patient samples. From these studies, common actionable mutations are present in HNSCC. One of these is PI3KCA which is a component of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR/PTEN signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell survival, growth, proliferation, metabolism and motility and an attractive drug target in cancer. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) signaling pathways have been found to have an important role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and there is evidence PI3K/MTOR antagonists are active against head and neck cancer cells. In this study we investigated whether a molecular targeted agent (PF-04691502) active against two components of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR survival pathway could enhance the effect of radiation treatment in two mouse xenograft models (UT-SCC-14 and UT-SCC-15) of HNSCC.


For the features of hemodynamics in patient with essential hypertension with left ventricle remodeling of various type, there were examined 195 patients with essential hypertension of 1-3 degree aged from 18 till 84, 56,4±12,9 (M±o). The duration of hypertension in this group was from 1 to 29 years, average 10,7±7,5 years. The geometrical model of the left ventricle hypertrophy was determined by e^ocardiography under classification of A. Ganau et al. (1992). The modulus of volume elasticity (MVE), the average blood pressure, the total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR), and the MVE/TPVR were calculated by the model of cardio-vascular system by A.E. Teregulov. It is revealed that in patients with essential hypertension the geometrical remodeling of a myocardium depends on gender, age, duration of arterial hypertension and hemodynamic indicators (MVE, TPVR). Concentric types of remodeling are accompanied with prevalence of the arterial system stiffness over peripheral vascular resistance. With an eccentric hypertrophy, peripheral vascular resistance prevails over the arterial system stiffness.


The chemiluminescence technology was selected to establish a new method for the determination of sulfites in foods. Various factors affecting the chemiluminescence detection were evaluated and the optimum determination conditions were obtained in this study. The detection limit of the method was 4. 6 mg / kg. In the range of 1. 0-10. 0 mg / L,the sulfite concentration was positively correlated with the luminous intensity value( ΔI),and the correlation coefficient( R2) was 0. 993 4. Spike recovery tests of six different samples were evaluated. The average RSD was 3. 05% and the average recovery was 93. 0%. Chemiluminescence determination results indicated that the new method was a good candidate for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of sulfites in foods.


A synthetic method for bis-carbonylation of bromo(bromomethyl)benzenes was described. Alkyl carboalkoxyphenylacetates were easily prepared by the carbonylation of benzylic and arylic bromide moieties in bromo(bromomethyl)benzenes with alcohols in the presence of , and a catalytic amount of cobalt carbonyl under the atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide at room temperature in good to excellent yields. The base played a decisive role in the selectivity of product and was the best one among bases used.


It is normal to feel anxious, terrified, and agitated after being involved in a potentially dangerous or traumatic incident. Most emotions disappear after a few weeks have passed. Some people continue to have these emotions for many months or even years following the traumatic event. This article looks at how post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might manifest differently in men and women. It was discussed how PTSD develops, what causes it, how it affects women, and what treatments are available. PTSD is far more common in women than in males. PTSD can result in feelings of guilt and worry, as well as shame, hopelessness, depression, and frustration. When someone suffering from PTSD is treated with empathy, compassion, understanding, and acceptance, she feels safe and secure, which has been linked to the development and improvement of PTSD symptoms. With the aid of loved ones, it is possible to overcome feelings of helplessness, grief, and hopelessness. Patients suffering from PTSD may benefit from the encouragement and support of their friends and family. With the help of their loved ones, women may enhance their health and well-being.


Over the last decades several direct and indirect measuring techniques have been developed for the determination of the tensile strength of concrete. Several conversion formulas are known for the conversion of a result obtained by a specific method (e.g. indirect tensile test) into one obtained by another method (direct tensile test). Recently, it was shown that the compressive strength conversion factors for CVC are not entirely valid for SCC. Similarly, this may also be the case for the existing tensile strength conversion factors. The goal of this study is to investigate if the current conversion factors (size, shape and test method factors), which are used for transforming conventional vibrated concrete (CVC) tensile strengths, are valid for use with self-compacting concrete (SCC) tensile strengths. Here for, an experimental program was run on four different powder-type SCC mixtures. Firstly, the size and shape effects were investigated. For the splitting test, no valid existing size factor expressions were found. For the bending test, it is shown that the current design codes (Eurocode 2 or Model Code 90) can be used to make a rough estimation of the size factors for SCC. For the splitting test shape effect, no significant difference was found between CVC and SCC. Secondly, for the relationships between different tensile strength test methods, it was shown that a slight overestimation of the conversion factors is obtained using the model proposed in EC2. Other expressions, found in literature, showed better correlation with the test results. Finally, for the relationship between the tensile and compressive strength, it was found that the design codes (EC2 or MC90) provide a safe and realistic approach to estimate the tensile strength from the compressive strength of SCC.


By the development and diffusion of smart phones, such as iPhone or Android, there are attempts to adopt smart phones as supporting tools for handicapped children recently. We developed a schedule application, "Smiley". We aimed to give the user an opportunity to feel a sense of accomplishment and a motive to try something by him/herself by using this application. Based on this application, we developed new applications called "Iikoto Ippai" and "1punpun"."Iikoto-Ippai" is an application to be use as a token economy tool for the purpose of support to enhance the autonomy and independence of autistic children. Token economy is a method to give a token when someone do appropriate behavior and reward him/her when he/she collects curtain amount of tokens. By using this application repeatedly, they feel not only the joy to get the reward, but also the meaning to achieve the goal and began to make more efforts. "1punpun" is a timer application for teachers of special support schools to use when they give instructions of activities and works to autistic children. Some autistic children tend to become anxious or panic when they cannot understand length of the time of activities or works. This application can provide a visual representation of the time. They began to understand the processes by using this application and were able to finish works by set time without causing a panic. In this study, we examine autism and its education for the handicapped children. Further, we explain the important points to develop these applications. Then we describe the usage instructions and functions of them. In the latter half of this paper, we show the data of the hearing investigation, which was carried out at a special support school in Aichi, Japan.


In an ever more globalized world we are faced with the challenges of collaborating across geographical distance. This article examines how trust is established in an offshore outsourcing engagement of IT operations between a leading Danish media company and an Indian IT-service provider. The findings presented in this paper are a subset of a larger ethnographic research project including more than four hundred hours of participant observation and twenty-nine semi-structured interviews. Thus, the article contributes with a empirical investigation of collaboration across national and organizational boundaries within the field of IT offshore outsourcing. The article concludes that trust is primarily established when the teams are meeting face-to-face and in order to establish trust at a distance they are dependent on technology being readily available and on engaging in active trust building, by imitating the way they communicate face-to-face, when collaborating virtually.


In th e paper,the author introduces the practice of revamping a normal power 30t arc furnace into a high impedance UHP arc furnace.The technical parameters an d operation indexes of the revamped furnace show that the furnace has the adva ntages of less investment and high productivity besides those of high impedan ce arc furnace.


We report a case of mild frontonasal dysplasia, a complex and rare malformation affecting the central portion of the face, especially the eyes, nose, and forehead, which was diagnosed at 20 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis was made by two‐ and four‐dimensional ultrasound and confirmed at autopsy after pregnancy termination. A review of the literature is presented.


REFERENCES KORNETSKY, C., VATES, T. S. & KESSLER, E. K. (1959). A comparison of hypnotic and residual psychological effects of single doses of chlorpromazine and secobarbital in man. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 127, 51-54. MALPAS, A., ROWAN, A. J., JOYCE, C. R. B. & ScoTr, D. F. (1970). Persistent behavioural and electroencephalographic changes after single doses of nitrazepam and amylobarbitone sodium. Br. med. J., 2, 762-764.


We have considered several special counting sequences. For instance, the sequence n! counts the number of permutations of an n-set; the sequence D n counts the number of derangements of an n-set; and the the Fibonacci sequence f n counts the pairs of rabbits.


The main aim and objective of the present study was to evaluate the neuro protective effect of seeds of Cucurbita maxima on ethidium bromide induced demyelination in Wistar rats. The petroleum ether extract of the seed was tested at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight administered daily by oral route and continued for a period of 28 days in demyelinated Wistar rats. The demyelination was effected by giving intracranial injection of Ethidium bromide at a dose of 1mg/0.03ml of PBS/kg body weight. The efficacy of the extract was evaluated in terms of their behaviour in beam walk, rotarod, grip strength, and open field tests on the 1st, 2nd and 4th week. The animals were sacrificed after 28 days brain tissue was separated and subjected to histopathological studies and Biochemical analysis. The results from the behavioral and histopathological studies and bio chemical Analysis revealed that the petroleum ether extract of Cucurbita maxima seeds have potential protective effect in the ethidium bromide induced demyelination on rat by intracranial administration, showing an improvement in muscle strength and muscle coordination in motor neuron diseases when compared with standard oral anti Multiple sclerosis drug (Fingolimod).


To the editor:

Although primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is generally regarded as arising from a mutated stem or progenitor hematopoietic cell, immune dysregulation is common. For example, there are increased plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and clinical and laboratory manifestations of


Set three reading frames artificially in 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of bacterial and archaeal genomes and analyse the frequencies distribution of triplet AUG in the three reading frames respectively. There is an obviously AUG depletion in reading frame 1 in both bacterial and archaeal genomes. AUG depletion may be an indication that upstream AUG can probably disturb the translation initiation of bacteria and archaea. The authors found that majority of AUGs in the upstream sequences have in-frame stop codons in the upstream sequences and form upstream open reading frame (uORF), only a fraction of AUGs in the upstream have no in-frame stop codon in the upstream sequences, especially in reading frame 1. The authors call them upstream AUGs (uAUGs). In bacterial genomes, more uAUGs in reading frame 1 can be found in the genes having a Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Further analyses show synonymous codon usage bias is weaker of the sequences leading by uAUGs than the codon sequences. It may be an indication that the synonymous codon usage bias is an important determinant of translation initiation accurately in bacteria and archaea.


The organ is the key factor to construct plant configuration structure.Beginning with analyzing of the basic principle of virtual plant's growth and the application of L-system,in view of the problems such as the complexity of plant configuration structure,strong interaction and coordination among organs,the unstructured question due to present model building method,this paper proposed the technology of constructing virtual plant model by using L-system,which can realize the virtual rapeseed growth.Finally,the relation between organs and its application to different environment were discussed.


Objective
To examine the reliability and validity of Chinese revision of connor-davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC) in Chinese college students.

Methods
1610 college students were tested with CD-RISC.783 of them took a more test by BFI and SCL-90 at the same time.After three weeks, 83 students were retested by CD-RISC.

Results
(1) The results of confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df=6.632, RMSEA =0.059, GFI=0.934, AGFI=0.915, CFI=0.927, NFI=0.915) indicated that the three-factor model reasonably fitted Chinese college students. (2) The Cronabach α coefficients of the CD-RISC and three factors called adaptability, tenacity and autonomy were 0.914, 0.865, 0.784, 0.767 respectively; the mean inter-item correlation coefficients of them were 0.364, 0.417, 0.425, 0.398 respectively; the Guttman split-half coefficients were 0.888, 0.843, 0.707, 0.650 respectively; the retest-reliability coefficients were 0.856, 0.742, 0.777, 0.747.(3) The scores of the total scale of CD-RISC and three factors were significantly correlated to BFI and SCL-90(P<0.01). There were significant differences between the low-resilient group and the high-resilient group in every index of BFI and SCL-90. (4) There were significant differences between male and female students in CD-RISC and factor tenacity and autonomy(male: 2.77±0.60, 2.70±0.74, 2.65±0.68; female: 2.70±0.53, 2.62±0.67, 2.54±0.62; P<0.05) .

Conclusion
The Chinese version of CD-RISC is a reliable and valid method for assessing resilience in Chinese college students.

Key words:
Chinese revision of connor-davidson resilience scale; College students; Reliability; Validity


We propose comprehensible rendering of Google Streetview Images using watercolor textures and line drawings. We discuss our experiments and results of watercolor rendering.


This is the first year for this minitrack that evolved from the Restructuring the Electric Power Industry minitrack of the Emerging Technologies Track of previous years. This minitrack is now part of the new Complex Systems Track. This minitrack focuses on topics related to the ability of complex systems such as power systems to survive disturbances with minimal impact on performance. Specific topics include: steady-state and dynamic security assessment where the impacts of pre-specified contingencies are analyzed; Available Transfer Capability (ATC) which quantifies the ability of the interconnected system to accept increases in power transfers; and related technologies.This year's papers focus on how security and reliability of electric power systems are affected by changes that continue to emerge from the industry restructuring. The topics presented in these papers are: a. The impact of distributed generation on system voltage stability. b. The definition of Available Transfer Capability as an interval based on alternative dispatch options. c. Multi-area probabilistic reliability assessment. d. Network control as a distributed, dynamic game. e. The impact of modeling errors on state estimation and system operation. f. Evaluation of new on-line Automatic Generation Control techniques. g. Extended factor for linear contingency analysis.Collectively, these papers offer new ideas for dealing with the challenges of complex power systems and the demands of a competitive environment.


Background. A prospective, randomized study was used to assess whether the immediate removal of an in‐dwelling catheter after hysterectomy affects the rate of recatheterization, symptomatic urinary tract infections, time of ambulation, and hospital stay.


Secure and robust authentication is the key requirements for today's growing world of information and technology. High data security with ease of use is one of the key requirements for security systems today and biometric technologies provide several advantages over conventional systems which make them highly acceptable by individuals worldwide. A comprehensive study of the various existing biometric modalities has been discussed in this paper with some of the modern challenges and various key features to be kept in mind while choosing any biometric for a certain application. The different parameters used for performance evaluation of a biometric system are also discussed.


A method for maintaining UL timing synchronization in a mobile communication system and a terminal device thereof are provided to store UL timing and DL timing separately as reference UL timing and reference DL timing when initial UL timing synchronization is acquired, calculate periodically DL timing, compare the DL timing with the reference DL timing to calculate a difference, and maintain the UL timing by applying the difference to the reference UL timing, thereby reducing the overhead of signaling of UL and DL and using efficiently radio resource by reducing signaling frequency between an UE(User Equipment) and an E-NB(Evolved-Node B). A method for maintaining UL(Uplink) timing synchronization comprises the following steps of: controlling UL timing according to UL timing control information included in a response message from a BS(Base Station) and storing the controlled UL timing as reference UL timing for UL signaling or data transmission(431); measuring periodically DL(Downlink) timing after storing the reference UL timing and calculating a difference between the measured DL timing and pre-stored reference DL timing(441,451); and determining the UL timing by using the calculated difference with the DL timing and the reference UL timing(481).


Phytoplankton were isolated from natural, heterogeneous populations of part~cles in Boothbay Harbor, M a ~ n e , USA using flow cytornetry with cell sorting to measure true rates of nitrogenspecific uptake of 15N without the bias due to detritus, bactena or other heterotrophs that affects tradltional filtration techniques. After incubation under light or dark conditions with I5NH4+ or "NO3-, particles were either directly filtered or were sorted to isolate phytoplankton and then filtered for isotopic analysis. Nitrogen-specific (pN, t i m e ' ) and absolute uptake rates (mass volume-' time-l) of ammonium were greater for small (3-10 pm) phytoplankton than for larger (10-53 pm) phytoplankton, whereas the opposite was observed for uptake of nitrate. Accounting for pronounced diel variations in uptake from both nitrogen sources, algal growth rates were calculated to be 0.38 d' on ammonium and 0.05 d ' on nitrate. The absolute rate of NH,+ uptake by all particles as assayed by filtration was approximately balanced by the summed rates of the 2 sorted fractions and the small (<3 ).]m) particles that were removed prior to sorting: phytoplankton represented only 50% of the total rate. In contrast, phytoplankton uptake of nitrate represented only about one-third of the total uptake, and the remaining fractions contributed only 10% leaving about 60% unaccounted for. Future applicat~ons of flow cytornetry with stable isotopes could be used to investigate diel variations in p~ and pc (carbon-specific uptake rates) and provide an estimate of phytoplankton growth rates.


The utility of the concept of resiliency as a paradigm for managing society's ability to resist, absorb, and recover from extreme events is dependent upon the ability to evaluate a community's resilience and to assess the potential impacts of intentional and unintentional interventions. A framework for developing and using resilience metrics is presented. The critical components of resilience for three diverse Atlantic coastal communities subject to potential catastrophic coastal flooding are developed, described, and compared using this framework. The analysis demonstrates that, although the three areas face a common threat, they should adopt different resilience enhancing strategies that are determined by local structural, economic, and social conditions.


Allergy is an excessive response to antigen that in another way it would be well tolerated. It has been reported that allergic disease frequency is rising. Migraine is the most frequent cause of recurrent headache, above all in women in reproductive age. There are some evidences of association between allergic diseases and migraine. This study evaluate the prevalence of migraine in a group of allergic children. A total of 97 allergic children were recruited and the diagnosis of migraine was made if patients fulfi lled the International Headache Society criteria. It was also searched for allergy and migraine headache in parents and grandparents. Allergic rhinitis was present in all the allergic children. Most of the children suffered two or more allergic diseases (rhinitis plus asthma, dermatitis or conjunctivitis). The www.medigraphic.org.mx


FIELD: manufacture of thin-film photoelectric components. SUBSTANCE: method relates to manufacture of photoelectric foil supported by bearing layer; it incorporates plurality of photoelectric layers which in assembly can generate electric current from incident light; side electrode layer on one end adjacent to photoelectric layers and parallel to them; and transparent conductor layer on its other end adjacent to photoelectric layers and parallel to them; film manufacturing process includes following sequential steps: manufacture of temporary substrate, not over 500 mcm thick, evaporation of transparent conductor layer, evaporation of photoelectric layers, evaporation of rear electrode layer, evaporation of bearing layer, removal of temporary substrate, and, if improved characteristics of film are desired, evaporation of upper coat on transparent conductor layer end. EFFECT: ability of manufacturing roller-to-roller flexible photoelectric foil or device using any desired transparent conducting material and evaporation process. 15 cl, 13 dwg


In this article we were studying the types of architectures for cloud processing and storage of data, data consolidation and enterprise storage. Special attention is given to the use of large data sets in computational process. It was shown, that based on the methods of theoretical analysis and experimental study of computer systems architectures, including heterogeneous, special techniques of data processing, large volumes of information models relevant architectures, methods of optimization software for the heterogeneous systems, it is possible to ensure the integration of computer systems to provide computations with very large data sets.


[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of substrate and hormone concn.on the rooting of explants and leaf biological reaction of explants after rooting in non-tissue culture micro-propagation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.[Method] Selecting short branches of 1-year -old G.jasminoides with 1 leaf and 1 bud as explants,using 2 kinds of different substrate including perlite and vermiculite,NAA at 5 kinds of concn.(0,300,500,800,1 000 mg/L) was used to treat explants.And the leaf photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were determined after the leaf expansion of explants.[Result] The substrate types had no significant effect on the rooting of explants in G.jasminoides.Among 5 concn.,NAA at 500,800 and 1 000 mg/L all had certain effects on the rooting of explants and the effect of NAA at 800 mg/L was significant.The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves after leaf was expanded for 20 d had little difference with that of firstly expanded leaves,but its photosynthetic rate was obviously higher than that of firstly expanded leaves.[Conclusion] The rooting rate of explants in G.jasminoides was not related with the types of culture substrate,but it was related with hormone concn.


In the canton Buena Fe industry index Las Vegas a great carefree as personal growth and community development is denoted, lack of education, limited access to a significant portion of the population, which is why it poses creates a CDC with the objectives of promoting adequate for good living conditions; promote the capabilities and skills of the population living in Buena Fe, provide conditions and opportunities for culture, learning, participation, recreation and productive enterprises for all with a fair projection.
In this context, a visionary community activity with a partnership between the community and public and private institutions in terms of social growth is proposed. Arises in this research to create a positive impact on a community of Canton Good Faith as a pilot program aimed at overall development. Community Development Centers open the possibility for constant learning and accessible for everyone looking for equity and local development.
The project has a cost of $ 165.567,22, which will be covered 100% by the City of Buena Fe with 20% in agreement with the counterparty MIES with the….


Abstract— The equilibrium constants, Kc, for complexation between methyl viologen dication (MV2+) and Rose Bengal, or Eosin Y, decrease with increasing ionic strength. At zero ionic strength Kc is 6500 (± 500) mol−1 dm3 for Rose Bengal and 3200 (± 200) mol−1 dm3 for Eosin Y, and these values decrease to 1500 (± 100) and 680 (± 40) mol−1 dm3, respectively, at an ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm−3. Kc is independent of pH between 4.5 and 10. ΔH is ‐25 (± 1) kJ mol−1 for complexation with either dye, whereas ΔS is ‐15 (± 3) J K−1 mol−1 for Rose Bengal, and ‐ 23 (± 3) J K−1 mol−1 for Eosin Y. The complexation constant for Rose Bengal and the neutral viologen, 4,4'‐bipyridinium‐N, N'‐di(propylsulphonate), (4,4'‐BPS), is 420 (± 35) mol−1 dm3, and independent of ionic strength. No complexation could be observed for either Rose Bengal or Eosin with another neutral viologen, 2,2'‐bipyridinium‐N,N'‐di(propylsulphonate), (2,2'‐BPS). MV2+ quenches the triplet state of Rose Bengal with a rate constant of 7 × 109 mol−1 dm3 s−1, and this rate constant decreases slightly as ionic strength increases. The cage escape yield following quenching, Φcc is very low (Φcc= 0.02 (± 0.005), and independent of ionic strength. 4,4'‐BPS quenches the triplet state of Rose Bengal with a rate constant of 2.2 (± 0.1) × 109 mol−1 dm3 s−1, and gives a cage escape yield of 0.033 (± 0.006). 2,2'‐BPS quenches the Rose Bengal triplet with a rate constant of 6 (± 1) × 108 mol−1 dm3 s−1 and gives a cage escape yield of 0.07 (± 0.01). Conductivity measurements indicate that MV2+(Cl−)2 is completely dissociated at concentrations below 2 × 10−2 mol dm−3.


Objective:To learn the status of pandemic and pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Jiangsu.Methods: Collecting 463 strains of V.parahaemolyticus isolated from aquatic products,food,patients of food outbreaks,sporadic diarrhea outpatients of active surveillance hospitals to investigate genes of toxRS/new,tdh,trh genes.Results: There existed pandemic strains and pathogenic strains in food chains.The strains from patients were mainly pandemic strains,then pathogenic strains.Conclusion: The pandemic strains and pathogenic strains in food chains were the main reason that caused foodborne breaks in China.To control the pandemic and pathogenic strains in circular chains was the key measure to reduce the foodborne outbreaks in China.


In previous work, the determination of uncertainty models via minimum norm model validation is based on a single set of input and output measurement data. Since uncertainty bounds at each frequency is directionally dependent for multivariable systems, this will lead to optimistic uncertainty levels. In addition, the design freedom in the uncertainty model has not been utilized to further reduce uncertainty levels. The above issues are addressed by formulating a minmax problem. An analytical solution to the min-max problem is given to within a generalized eigenvalue problem, thus avoiding a direct numerical approach. This result will lead to less conservative and more realistic uncertainty models for use in robust control.


The phase behavior of linear dendritic triblock copolymer melts(AB2C4) is studied by self-consistent-field theory (SCFT) in order to find the effects of branching on the phase behavior of ABC linear triblock copolymer melts. We focus on a nonfrustrated parameters that \c{hi}NAB=\c{hi}NBC=\c{hi}NAC=40 where A/C interface will not form. Frank-Kasper phases, asymmetric alternative sphere as well as traditional phases observed in diblock copolymer melts are found to be stable in the calculation.


The annual meeting organized by the Education Group of the IOP for those concerned with the training of teachers to teach physics was held on 10 March 1997. Pressure of time rather than unwillingness to take part led to a group of only ten, out of a possible 40, tutors meeting with John Howson, Chief Professional Adviser (Teacher Supply) at the TTA (Teacher Training Agency). He brought with him a set of statistics, some of which are shown below, on the current applications for entry into PGCE courses for physics. The discussion which follows represents those present and not necessarily the policy of the TTA. The DfEE is responsible for giving the TTA its target numbers for each subject and it is the TTA's job to allocate target numbers to all training institutions. In shortage subjects the TTA is charged with encouraging more applicants in whatever ways are appropriate, such as the four-page advertising feature in Physics World [1]. One of the major problems is that the TTA target numbers are for science and not physics. Training Institutions need to meet their target numbers because of costs, and the surest way to do this is to fill up courses with early applications from good students who can be relied on to register at the beginning of the course. This means that courses are predominantly filled with biologists. One large northern university currently has 50 science students studying for the PGCE and no physics students. The publication of science numbers rather than physics numbers leads to complacency while the real crisis in physics numbers goes unnoticed. Even Physics World [2] managed to write in February 1997 `...the TTA is doing its best to recruit more science teachers. Applications were up a third last year... Meanwhile training courses for physics teachers are on the brink of amalgamation and closure because they are no longer financially viable. The threat to the future of physics and engineering is obvious. Figure 1 shows the intake for PGCE science students alongside the target numbers for the past 14 years. The target numbers are set to level off from 1997. Normal retirements as well as early retirements from an aging profession and an increasing school population with possibly more students taking the new AS-level may show the levelling-off of target numbers to be unwise. Figure 1. PGCE target numbers and intake numbers for science. Figure 2. PGCE science applications at weekly intervals (source: GTTR weekly data). Figure 2 shows the applications for science PGCE courses at weekly intervals over a period of four years, each year having fewer applications than the preceding one. A breakdown of numbers for the separate sciences for week 21 (first week of March 1997) of the application round reveals: The 1996 figures are in brackets. It is predicted that 68% of the total scientists applying this year will register at the beginning of the course, with the possibility for physics being lower. Table 1 shows the number of unfilled places by region for 1996 (note the revised Open University target). Table 1. PGCE unfilled places on ITT courses for 1996/7. Table 2. Vacancy rate for classroom teachers in secondary schools by subject as a percentage of teachers in post in 1996. Table 2 is interesting because despite the crisis in the low numbers going into training there does not appear to be a similar crisis in schools. The vacancy rate is small, if variable, in schools. Could this be because vacancies are being suppressed as class sizes rise and curriculum choice is curtailed or that 'returners' to the profession are filling the gaps? The TTA is currently surveying the qualifications of teachers in school, and when it is complete it will then, perhaps, be known exactly who is teaching what to whom. The discussion that followed the presentation was surprising in its unanimity, considering that those present taught on a variety of training courses and one was even able to comment on the situation in France. The main problem for teacher trainers is the time available to do a good job. There is an assumption that when graduates begin a PGCE course they fully understand the subject which they are to teach. Not only does a bright, new shiny physics degree not guarantee that a physics graduate will be able to understand and translate the physics that s/he has studied into school lessons but it certainly does not offer an understanding of the other sciences that the trainee needs to teach. How many potential physics teachers do not pursue a PGCE course because they would rather teach physics and mathematics? Many physics students, when they have finished their training, seek out the schools which will give them a large percentage of time teaching physics. The time available in higher education institutions for all PGCE science teaching is less than 30 days; 20 days for physics is more than most institutions have. Mentors in school have time constraints too, especially when the trainee needs to be taught what they have to teach. Many suggestions were put forward for improving the situation and only time will tell if anyone is listening. Brenda M Jennison References [1] Physics World 10 no 2, February 1997 [2] Editorial in Physics World 10 no 2, February 1997


This paper introduces how to investigate and analyze the OOS results during pharmaceutical production.The investigation methods of OOS results in pharmaceutical factories were discussed by referring to the USA industry guidance for investigation of OOS results.During pharmaceutical production,the scientific,prompt and effective investigation of OOS results is an important task to ensure drug quality.


Private pharmacies are an understudied setting for differentiated delivery of HIV services that may address barriers to clinic‐delivered services, such as stigma and long wait times. To understand the potential for pharmacy‐delivered HIV services in sub‐Saharan Africa, we conducted a scoping review of the published and grey literature.


Abstract Kratochwil's diagnostic approach identifies specific failures in particular, historical contexts in order to prescribe practically realisable remedies under non-ideal conditions. The diagnostic approach compares actual alternatives against each other rather than against some ideal. Yet, the basis for such an identification is unclear. By reinterpreting Kratochwil's approach with the help of Buddha's Four Noble Truths, one can understand Kratochwil's existential worldview and his aims, but the medium Kratochwil uses hinders the attainment of those goals. He tries to communicate in writing something (phronesis) that belongs in the world of experience.


The unequal distribution of farmlands in rural areas and the extremely low productivity in the cities were the fundamental causes of unemployment and population problems in old China. Tremendous progress was made after 1949. The serious economic disturbances caused by Lin-piao and the "Gang of Four" caused great unemployment again. The slow development of China's productivity, poor business management, the involvement of women in social activities, the morality rate decrease, and the population growth rate increase are the main reasons for China's unemployment problem. The fundamental solution is to respect the objective laws of nature and economics and to develop social productivity. In the country we should implement the total development of agricultue, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery. In towns and cities service occupations and handicraft industries should be developed, education and humanities need to be improved, and transportation, communications, and many other industries are still backward. There is high potential for development and vast opportunities for additional labor. We should constantly cultivate our high quality workforce to meet the demand of modernization. Population control is important because the higher the population growth rate the slower the accumulation of wealth. Instead of being a producer for the society the additional labor can be a burden. The vital factor in achieving the "Four Modernizations" is not the quantity of labor but the increase in productivity.


According to Wolterstorff, an accurate genealogy of rights begins, not with the late Middle Ages and the Enlightenment, but with the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures. The Gospel of Luke, Wolterstorff says, provides especially important witness, and he gives it considerable attention. Wolterstorff's careful analysis of Luke is both lexical and narratological. This paper argues that the lexical data of the Gospel of Luke does indeed lend some support to Wolterstorff's case. But the support is qualified since, in Luke, a critical word group—the dikaio-family—is used in a way that emphasizes relationship to God rather than obligations to neighbor. The most important narratives and teachings of the Gospel lend similarly qualified support to Wolterstorff's genealogy. The paper concludes that while nothing in the Gospel of Luke is incompatible with the observation and defense of human rights, the program Luke sketches has another focus that a comprehensive reading of that Gospel must keep in view. NICHOLAS WOLTERSTORFF'S SPLENDID BOOK, Justice: Rights and Wrongs, makes a strong argument for inherent human rights. A large part of that argument treats the issue systematically and seeks to ground human rights in a consideration of the structure of the moral order. Another part of his argument recounts the ways in which moralists in the Western tradition came to think about human rights. This portion of his case contests other narratives about the genealogy of human rights that trace its lineage to the Enlightenment or to the nominalism of the late Middle Ages. No, argues Wolterstorff, the narrative begins with the biblical witness, both the Scriptures of ancient Israel and the writings of the early followers of Jesus, particularly the Gospel of Luke. Wolterstorff does not claim that that there is any explicit theory of human or natural rights in the Hebrew Bible or in the New Testament. Rather, he claims there is an ethical framework that assumes that something like such rights are in effect. After critical consideration of other possible ways of grounding human rights, Wolterstorff finally argues that the only solid foundation is a vision of human beings, who as creatures in the


The invention relates to a modified freeway toll technical field, in particular to a modified freeway toll device, which mainly comprises an inlet part, an outlet part and a background database, wherein the inlet part is mainly composed of an inlet camera device and a first computer adopting an optical character recognition module; the recognition module converts vehicle information into characters to be stored into the background database; the outlet part is mainly composed of an outlet camera device, a second computer and a printer; the second computer adopts an optical character recognition module, a comparison module and a toll module; the recognition module converts vehicle information into characters to be compared in the comparison module with the information extracted from the background database, distributes the toll module and the printer to print bill, and writes toll condition into database. The invention has the advantages that the freeway tool device can avoid blockage at inlet, realize integral information on toll bills, reduce space quantity of information record, realize fast and fast toll, and realize easy data inquiry.


The charge-neutralization processes of the initial stage for IREB propagationin a metallic drift tube filled with low-pressure neutral gases are simulated byMonte-Carlo method, The physical processes considered are comparatively complete.The simulation results agree to experiments and confirm that ion impact ionizationeffects play a crucial role in establishing charge-neutralization and that secondaryelectron effects are not important in the charge-neutralization processes of theinitial stage for IREB propagation.


The purpose of the investigation was to ascertain what relation exists between the effect of radiation from a mercury vapour lamp on the skin, as measured by the visible actinic erythema, and the total amount of radiation energy or "dose" received. An international unit of intensity for ultra-violet radiation is under discussion. Whether a physical unit or a biological one based on erythema of the skin be finally adopted, erythema will always remain one of the most important phenomena occurring in actinotherapy and one which gives some direct information regarding the response of an individual to radiation.


Background: Sleeve and semisleeve lobectomy and segment pyramydobasalectomy is a parenchyma-sparing procedure that is particularly valuable in patients with cardiac or pulmonary contraindications to pneumonectomy. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with sleeve lobectomy for bronchogenic cancer and carcinoid , and to investigate factors associated with long-term survival. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study among January 2006 to November 2014,in the Service of Thoracic Surgery in the University Hospital"Shefqet Ndroqi" in patients treated for lung cancer. Results: Patients underwent sleeve lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 3) one patient underwent double sleeve lobectomy or carcinoid tumor (n = 15), including 5 patients underwent sleeve lobectomy (atipic carcinoid) and 10 patients underwent semisleeve lobectomy (tipic carcinoid) with a preoperative contraindication to pneumonectomy. Mean age was 52 ± 14 years (range, 19 to 79 years). Vascular sleeve resection was performed in 1 patient and segmentbasalectomy on the right lung. Major bronchial anastomotic complications occurred in 2 (13%) patient: One was fatal postoperatively (double sleeve bronchial and vasculare) two weeks after intervent ,because was massive hemoptisia , and one after pyramidbazalectomy 6-th day after intervent, because nosocomial difusse pneumonia in the rest lung (shock septic) was installed. In the non-small-cell lung cancer group, operative mortality was 13% (2 of 15), and overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 60% . By multivariate analysis, two factors significantly and independently influenced survival: nodal status (N0 or N1 versus N2; p = 0.01) and microscopic invasion of the bronchial stump (p = 0.02). In the carcinoid tumor group, there were no operative deaths, and overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 100% (Typic carcinoid) and 95% (atipic carcinoid). Conclusions: Sleeve lobectomy was performed for the first time in Albania, in April 2006. Long-term survival is excellent for carcinoid tumors. For patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, N2 disease or incomplete resection is associated with a worse prognosis; outcome is not affected by presence of a preoperative contraindication to pneumonectomy.Sleeve lobectomy facilitated the maintenance of residual lung function without serious perioperative complications.


In the last few years the federal government has intensified its efforts to reduce fraudulent practices in the area of competition for government contracts. 1 A favorite weapon of the government in prosecuting procurement fraud is 18 U.S.C. § 1001. 2 This statute penalizes the concealment of material facts and the making of false statements within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the federal government. 3 Most federal circuit courts of appeals also require that false statements be material to constitute a violation of section 1001. 4 However, the circuit courts are split on whether materiality is an issue of law or fact. A majority require that the question of materiality under section 1001 be decided by the court as a question of law, 5 but a minority maintain that materiality should be decided by the trier of fact. 6 *990 In Sinclair v. United States, 7 the United States Supreme Court stated that materiality should be decided by a court as a question of law (the Sinclair rule). 8 However, In re Winship 9 requires that every element of a criminal offense be decided by the trier of fact (the Winship rule). 10 If materiality is an "element" of a section 1001 offense, then both of these rules apply to the materiality requirement of section 1001. 11 The convergence and incompatibility of these two rules on the issue of materiality in section 1001 accounts for the aforementioned circuit split. 12


The issue of climate change has impacts on wetlands ecosystem.On the ground of the globe climatic change,the climate of Honghu Lake zone has changed visibly.Through the analysis of weather data from 1961 to 2004 in four stations around Honghu Lake,the impacts of climate change on Honghu Lake wetlands were analyzed according to the point of aerography and ecology.The result showed that temperature has visible ascending trend with the rate of 0.264℃/10 a and precipitation has the tiny ascending trend with the rate of 49.964 mm/10 a.The precipitation has ascending trend in summer and in winter,but it has downtrend in spring and in autumn.The coefficient of humidity has downtrend in Honghu Lake zone since 1961.Climate change made Honghu Lake face threat that the water level will drop and the area will descend.It also made bio-diversity descended and species invaded in Honghu Lake.The change of precipitation pattern changed the hydrology of wetlands,and accelerated the instability of the ecosystem.This result can offer scientific basis to the restoring and security of wetlands in Honghu Lake zone.


A seal (15) is brought into contact with a filter media (F1), a filter pump (P2) is operated to start filtration, and a signal from a pressure sensor (25) is received. When a predetermined value is exceeded by the signal from the pressure sensor (25) , the filter pump (P2) is stopped, the seal (15) is separated from the filter media (F1), and take-up of one section of the filter by a filter collection roll (11b) is started. In finishing filter supply from a filter supply roll (11a), drive of a motor (11a) is stopped, and an alarm signal is transmitted. If the supply is not to be finished, one section of the filter (F1) is taken up by the filter collection roll (11b), and the next stage of filtration is entered.


An appropriate Internal Control System is an important part of a very organized entity, because it guarantees to safeguard the wealth and to make the records...


We study the critical behaviour of an Ising thin film using an effective field theory that includes correlations. The spin‐spin coupling on the two free surfaces of the film are allowed to be different from those of the bulk. The external field acts only at the surface, with the value of the field at each site chosen as an independent random variable with a bimodal distribution. The effects of the random field at the surface of the film on the phase diagrams, and the dependence of the critical temperature on film thickness are investigated.


Improved the estimation of the parameter in the group generate by three 3 х 3 matrices with elements depending on this parameter if free


In the process of vehicle design, the applications of large numbers of rubber bushing have great influence on adjusting and improving vehicle subjective performance and dynamic quality. In order to perform the characteristics of the rubber bushing more accurate, three models were selected as the object to study, such as Kelvin-Voigt model, Berg model and ASCL model proposed by the state key laboratory of automobile dynamic simulation. Static and dynamic forces were loaded to obtain experimental data. By analyzing the complex stiffness, the static and dynamic parameters of the three models are identified using the least square method. Finally, an analysis was carried out to compare the bearing characteristics of the three rubber bushing models.


Conventional reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures are prone to soft‐story mechanism. This deficiency can be eliminated by introducing rocking wall system. Previously studied rocking wall systems usually have the rocking wall situated outside the frame, which results in some challenges and inconvenience. In the study, a novel infilled rocking wall frame (IRWF) system is proposed, which uses infilled RC wall to create a rocking wall within the RC frame. To evaluate seismic performance of the proposed system, both an IRWF model and an RC frame (RCF) model were designed according to Chinese seismic design code. Time history analysis and incremental dynamic analysis were conducted to compare both systems. The results show that IRWF system has more uniform drift and higher collapse margin ratio compared to the RCF system. Economic evaluation of IRWF system was investigated using the state‐of‐the‐art ATC‐58 performance‐based assessment methodology. The result shows superior performance of the IRWF system. The annualized loss of the IRWF model is about 28% less than the RCF model. This shows IRWF system is a viable and efficient alternative resilient seismic force resisting system.


The purpose of this research is to study the integration of electronic resources in the library environment of higher education institutions, to identify the benefits and challenges associated with this process. The study considers the main areas of development of electronic resources, such as access to digital libraries, online catalogues, and databases, providing quality information support for research and teaching activities of students and faculty, as well as improving the digital user service system. The research methodology involves a multi-level approach to analysing the integration of electronic resources in the library environment of higher education institutions. Firstly, a thorough review of the scientific literature is conducted, covering the issues of introducing digital technologies and electronic resources in the educational process and library work. Subsequently, practical examples of successful library modernisation in higher education institutions libraries are analysed in order to identify key success factors, advantages, and challenges on the way to the development of digital tools and services. The research results will help identify trends and prospects for the development of digital libraries. A particularly important element of the methodology is conducting surveys and interviews with professionals in library science, faculty members, and staff of higher education institutions. Engaging various groups of employees will enable a detailed understanding of the needs, attitudes, and beliefs regarding the integration of electronic resources, as well as their impact on the learning and cognition process. The application of these methods in a comprehensive manner will contribute to the creation of a generalised understanding of the problem and the development of effective recommendations for the integration of electronic resources into the library environment of higher education institutions. Scientific novelty. The study focuses on the changes that are taking place in the libraries of higher education institutions as a result of digital transformation and highlights the importance of adapting to new technologies and user needs. Conclusions. The research findings indicate that integrating electronic resources into the library environment of higher education institutions provides a range of benefits, such as increased accessibility and diversity of information resources, improved service, and user convenience. On the other hand, there are challenges that require attention, such as ensuring information security, facilitating library staff adaptation to new technologies, and developing strategies for the successful implementation of digital innovations.
Key words: digital resources; library environment; higher education institutions; technology integration; information literacy.


PURPOSE: To easily keep a schedule list in an interactive data processing system by simultaneously displaying information of a schedule list by means of two kinds of forms so as to reflect schedule list data which is inputted by means of a certain form through the use of the other form. CONSTITUTION: A microprocessor 12, a semi-conductor storage device 13 and a control block 14 are added to a processor 11 in the configuration of an interactive data processing terminal and the block 14 controls an input/output operation in addition to the mutual operation of the block 12 of the microprocessor and the block 13 of the storage device. Here, first and second formats respectively generate first and second display windows for displaying related date calendar data, plural successive periods are displayed in the first display window by the configurated format in terms of time and date calendar data is simultaneously displayed in the second display window by the other format which is not configurated in terms of time. Thus, a user can easily keeps the schedule list by the interactive data processing system. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


Alzheimer's disease (AD), mainly caused by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ), increased acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and monoamino oxidase (MAO) with reduced turnover of biogenic amines. Oxidative stress in AD induces elevation of corticosterone and produce subsequent neuroimmune changes. Main objective of this study was to assess the pharmacological activity of B. monosperma leaf (methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction) on βamyloid peptide induced amnesia in mice. Currently, available drugs to treat AD like AChE inhibitors exert symptomatic relief but do not reduce progression of disease and have side effects. Hence, herbal medicines may provide potential effect as compared to conventional available synthetic drugs with less or no side effects. The methanolic extract and its fraction are subjected to jumping test, rectangular maze test, Y-maze test and biochemical estimations such as AChE, peroxidase, MDA and DPPH radical scavenging activity. From the above results, it was found that both methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B. monosperma are having significant anti-amnesic activity and anti-oxidant activity. Ethyl acetate fraction is having more significant activity when compared to methanol extract. By identifying and isolating the chemical constituents responsible for anti-amnesic and antioxidant activities, we may find a breakthrough in the treatment of other neurodegenerative disorders which occur due to oxidative stress.


The relative degree of adipose tissue responsiveness to catecholamines reflects the balance of multiple forces, each of which are shaped by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. On the genetic side are the developmentally programmed patterns and density of innervation into various adipose depots, and the amounts and types of the specific adrenergic receptors (ARs) and their metabolic targets that are expressed on the adipocytes within different depots. Within the latter aspect is whether the receptors are stimulatory (βARs) or inhibitory (αARs) for lipolysis, their coupling efficiency to the downstream signaling molecules, and the relative kinetic activity of those regulated enzymes, scaffolding proteins and transcription factors. Finally, there is the genetic profile that predisposes preadipocytes toward the progression of the brown versus white adipocyte phenotype. On the environmental side, diet contributes to the relative degree of adipose tissue response to catecholamines by altering the hormonal and metabolic signals that control important adipocyte genes. These include the ARs themselves, the kinase pathways ARs regulate, and hence also the ability to determine decisions about fat storage versus thermogenesis.

With our increased understanding of the SNS circuitry from the CNS to adipose tissue and the newer appreciation of signaling pathways that are activated in adipocytes by catecholamines, science is positioned in the future to better define the molecular and genetic regulatory points that determine adipose tissue sensitivity to dietary and other environmental forces, and to establish the underlying basis for the molecular decisions that drive a cell to become a white or brown fat cell. Such new insights that will be gained as a result will hopefully generate new therapeutic targets and approaches against the obesity epidemic in our midst.

Keywords:

innervation;
denervation;
adrenergic;
proliferation;
white adipose tissue;
brown adipose tissue;
lipolysis;
thermogenesis;
tract-tracing