Treatment of thymine and uracil under appropriate conditions with trimethyl, triethyl. or tri-n-butyl phosphate has given 1-methylthymine (80%). 1,3-dimethylthymine (87%), 1 -ethylthymine (80%), 1-n-butylthymine (40%), 1-methyluracil (80%), 1,3-dimethyluracil (75%), and 1-ethyluracil (35%).


Memristive devices with short-term plasticity (STP), gate tunability, site controllability, and light sensitivity have generated significant interest for wide range of applications, especially mimicking the neural network. However, there is still no memristive device that can accomplish all those goals in tandem at room temperature. To fill that void, in this work, lT-phase quantum dot superlattice is created on 2H-phase monolayer single crystal molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) back-gated field-effect transistor by focused electron beam irradiation. The quantum dots work as charge traps that induce memristive resistance. The memristive resistance can be controlled by applying gate bias and shows STP to light stimulation. Thus, this work demonstrates the first room temperature light sensitive memristive transistor that can serve as artificial retina device for artificial intelligence, and memristive receiver for optical-electrical neuromorphic interface.


The temperature dependence on polarity has been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy with pyrene as a probe. Pyrene was chosen thanks to its unique sensitivity to polarity of the medium. As a biopolymer was chosen 73 kDa and 1,4 MDa hyaluronic acid. Emission spectra of pyrene were measured as a function of temperature in aqous solution of CTAB in a presence and absence of sodium chloride. The results show, that the addition of specific concentration of hyaluronic acid to the sample with CTAB, mostly doesn ́t have effect to change increasing/decreasing slope of polarity with the temperature. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA fluorescenční spektroskopie, teplotní závislost, pyren, hyaluronan, tenzidy


The main objective of this paper was to establish the factors affecting governance in the counties with a special reference to Nairobi County. The enactment of the new constitution led to the establishment of devolved county government units, and with the county government came the challenge of how to improve governance in county government. To improve governance in county government a number of donors such as World Bank and DFID have supported various initiatives through the council of governors. The study was guided by two objectives namely; Leadership and ethics and how they affect governance in the counties. The study used a descriptive study design with the target population of the study been 304 respondents from the public service board department, office of the governor and legal department. The study adapted both stratified sampling and purposive sampling in the selection of respondents. The study used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from the respondents with the data analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 software. The data collected was analyzed through SPSS. Data analyzed through SPSS was presented in form of frequencies, tables, graphs, and charts according to each objective. The study results showed that majority of the respondents (80%) and 82% felt that leadership and ethics affects governance. has a greater effect on the governance in the counties while 20% felt that leadership has a small effect on the governance in the county. The study found out that majority of both ethics (68%) and political alienation (78%) affects governance. The study concludes that training, ethics, attitude, political alienation and leadership affects governance. Thus the study recommends that there is need for county and national government to provide training to staff and establish mechanisms that can promote attitude, ethics, and leadership.


Frequent use of various types of green composite in different applications has led to the great development in material science technology. Coconut shell which is generally considered waste material is been analysed here to get its desired properties and characteristics. Basically composite particles are studied using various macroscopic and microscopic approach and with various advance techniques like Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Water absorption and Thickness swelling test, Thermal analysis, Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). In our work we have focused on the thermal analysis of coconut shell particles using TGA and DTA technology and finally the conclusion is made regarding the feasibility of using Coconut Shell Particle in Application of green composites.


For the situations that the means of the urban public bus transportation operation and dispatch is backward and the operating vehicles can not be controlled,according to the idea of object-oriented software engineering,the software model of the urban public bus dispatch system was designed by using Unified Modeling Language(UML).Based on the results of the requirement analysis,the software system model was illustrated in detail in view static angle and dynamic angle respectively by using the class diagram and the sequence diagram provided by UML.In addition,a part of communication protocols and source codes were given in this paper.The software model presented in this paper has been implemented using C# language based on.NET platform and tested in laboratory,which shows that the designing result is correct and the prospective functions have been implemented.


The Static Single Assignment (SSA) form of programs is a commonly used intermediate representation of programs in optimizing compilers. The key step in converting a program to SSA form is called-placement. Cytron et al used dominance frontiers to design a-placement algorithm whose running time grows quadratically with the size of the control ow graph of the program. Recent eeorts by the compiler community have led to other algorithms whose asymptotic running time grows linearly with program size, although only one of these actually outperforms the quadratic time algorithm in practice. However, the relationship between diierent algorithms and their relative performance has remained unclear. This paper gives a systematic presentation of known properties of the SSA form, and gives a simple framework in which all existing SSA algorithms can be placed and compared. The utility of the framework is demonstrated by the fact that considerations of this framework led us to invent two new-placement algorithms described here which require asymptotically linear running time. Finally, we compare the performance of these algorithms on model problems and on the SPEC benchmarks.


A method of recovering valuable quantities of titanium from a complex matrix comprising titanium nitride, which process comprises the chlorination of the matrix of titanium nitride in order to obtain a reaction product containing titanium chloride, and separating said titanium chloride from the reaction product, the invention also involves the production of such complex matrix containing titanium nitride by nitridation of the titanium is interesting in complex starting materials, containing titanium, such as complex metallurgical titaniferous slag and ilmenite, perovskite, and the armalcolite fassaite.


Bamboo and rattan play such a vital role in so many spheres of Asian life that it is hard to imagine the region without them. Bamboo is essential in a range of courtship, birth and death rituals, and when the hollow cane is filled with rattan, it has manifold uses in local agriculture, fishing, hunting and building. Quoting folktales and poetry, this illustrated study also considers the natural history of bamboo and rattan, and their use in cooking, medicine and handicrafts.


Learning Life skills causes psychological capacity of individuals to increase, and the higher the psychological capacity of individuals, the more psychic and behavioral health. Therefore, the present paper deals with the effect of life skills on emotional reactions of university students. Method: In this semi-empirical research, under study universe were medical students of Maragheh Islamic Azad University, of whom 40 nursing and midwifery students were selected through purposive sampling method. DASS-21 questionnaire was used as research tool. The present research was of one-group type and as pretest and post-test. Interference (Life skills education) was performed in 8 90-minute sessions and post-test was carried out on the very group after completing educational program, and data were analyzed. Findings: pair t-test showed that stress score after education with 7.8 score decrease, anxiety after education with 8.9 score decrease, depression following education with 9.5 score decrease compared with scores before education had significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study showed that life skills education causes emotional reactions of students (anxiety, depression, and stress) to decrease. Therefore, a comprehensive planning is necessary in the field of life skills education.


The role of herbivorous fish in threatening marine forests of temperate seas has been generally overlooked. Only recently, the scientific community has highlighted that high fish herbivory can lead to regime shifts from canopy‐forming algae to less complex turf communities. Here, we present an innovative herbivorous fish deterrent device (DeFish), which can be used for conservation and restoration of marine forests. Compared to most traditional fish exclusion systems, such as cages, the DeFish system does not need regular cleaning and maintenance, making it more cost‐efficient. Resistance of DeFish was tested by installing prototypes at different depths in the French Riviera and in Montenegro: more than 60% of the devices endured several years without maintenance, even if most of them were slightly damaged in the exposed site in Montenegro. The efficacy of DeFish in limiting fish herbivory was tested by an exclusion experiment on Cystoseira amentacea in the French Riviera. In a few months, the number of fish bite marks on the seaweed was decreased, causing a consequent increase in algal length. The device here presented has been conceived for Mediterranean canopy‐forming algae, but the same concept can be applied to other species vulnerable to fish herbivory, such as kelps or seagrasses. In particular, the DeFish design could be improved using more robust and biodegradable materials. Innovative engineering systems, such as DeFish, are expected to become useful tools in the conservation and restoration of marine forests, to complement other practices including active reforestation, herbivore regulation, and regular monitoring of their status.


where S is a nonempty closed subset of a Hilbert space H and F † H is closed convex satisfying 0 2 int F. The optimal value T(x) depends on the parameter x 2 H, and the (possibly empty) set S\(x+T(x)F) of optimal solutions is the 'F-projection' of x into S. We flrst compute proximal and FrEechet subgradients of T(i) in terms of normal vectors to level sets, and secondly, in terms of the F-projection. SuAEcient conditions are also obtained for the difierentiability and semiconvexity of T(i), results which extend the known case when F is the unit ball.


Israel corresponds in many ways to the concept of " nationalising state" developed by Brubacker. The Zionist project, following the natio n-state model of its epoch was founded on the wish to create a "state of the Jews". In 1948, Isra el was established as the state of the Jewish people, and its symbols, goals and policies derive f om this very definition of the state (Rouhana and Ghanem 1998). The Law of Return granting every J wish person the right to automatically receive Israeli citizenship is amongst other polici es, the most obvious element of the nationalising dimension of the Jewish state. In this context, the place of the Arab populations integrated in Israel after Israel formation has been quite complex and their inclusion in the p olity has been only partial: if most of them have been granted citizenship after the independenc e, this is not the case of the East Jerusalem inhabitants who only enjoy a resident permit, meani ng that they have the right to vote only in the local elections 1 and enjoy no representation in the national assemb ly. But even for the Israeli Arab citizens, the nationalising Jewish dimension h as ad major consequences on their symbolic and political place in the polity. Despite the fact that it represents 19% of the Israeli population according to the 2001 statistics (Israel Central Bu rea of Statistics 2002), and in spite of many demands within and outside the Parliament, the Arab community of Israel has never been recognised as a specific minority, suffers from man y discriminations and, as a matter of fact, has never been granted minority protection and rights. In this perspective, the question of the Arab minority's political participation in a "nationalis ing state" that defines itself as the state of the Jewish people seems primordial. As a channel of dem ands formulation and interests representation, political participation is indeed t he specific tool of integration in contemporary democracies. This paper will not present all the political diffi culties engendered by the definition of Israel as a "Jewish and democratic state" for the A rab minority. Its aim is to focus on the rationales that have been employed to justify the c urtailment of the Arab parties' political participation in elections for the legislative asse mbly, the Knesset. The paper is constructed in three parts. First, it briefly presents the complex political status of the Arab minority in Israel. I n


ions; to living together in harmony rather than gregariousness; to dialogue rather than mutism; to praxis rather than "law and order"; to men who organize themselves reflectively for action rather than men who are organized for passivity; to creative and communicative language rather than prescriptive signals; to reflective challenges rather than domesticating slogans; and to values that are lived rather than myths that are imposed. (cited in Giroux and McLaren 1997: 150) What unifies Bloch and Freire in their difficult challenge of transforming schools into more democratic spaces is their active refusal to link hope to a past eschatological event or to a finite historical moment. Hope for changes, improvements, solidarity, and social justice is the guiding force, a force that is grasped "as a pulsating latency of possibility contained in the unity of the immanent and transcendent. As such, hope is to be conscripted by social agents in order to contest the gangsterism of the spirit so common in this era of consumer capitalism, and to fill the empty space of postmodern nihilism" (Giroux and McLaren 1997: 157). We understand utopias, after Freire and Bloch, as providing the conceptual horizon for the development of democratic schooling. This horizon of possibility could also be described as a "critical educational utopia." In the next section we examine a recent educational reform effort in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, read against this concept of critical educational utopia. Critical Educational Utopias of the Concrete: Porto Alegre, Brazil: EscoLa


This work focuses on the investigation of double beta decay unstable nuceli , with the aim of exploring a new approach for the direct detection of Dark Matter (DM). Speci(cid:28)cally, the study considers the diagram associated with neutrinoless double beta decay as a potential technique for detecting a Majorana DM fermion. This detection method involves the inelastic scattering of the DM fermion on a double beta unstable nucleus, thereby inducing its decay. By exploiting the exothermic nature of the stimulated double beta decay, it becomes possible to directly detect a light DM fermion. This is particularly signi(cid:28)cant as traditional elastic scattering technique is not able to investigate light fermion DM candidates. The paper presents the expected signal distribution for various DM masses and compares them with the current data available for the 136 Xe nucleus, establishing upper limits on the cross sections of nucleus scattering.


The construction technique using the deep mixing method to reinforce the soft soil compound foundation, foundation pit support structure and the water cut off curtain is described. The use of the SJC cement grout monitoring and recording system is introduced.


We present an approach to position k servers (e.g. mobile robots) to provide a service to n independently moving clients; for example, in mobile ad-hoc networking applications where inter-agent distances need to be minimized, connectivity constraints exist between servers, and no a priori knowledge of the clients' motion can be assumed. Our primary contribution is an algorithm to compute and maintain a small representative set, called a kinematic coreset, of the n moving clients.We prove that, in any given moment, the maximum distance between the clients and any set of k servers is approximated by the coreset up to a factor of (1 ± ε), where ε > 0 is an arbitrarily small constant. We prove that both the size of our coreset and its update time is polynomial in k log(n)/ε. Although our optimization problem is NP-hard (i.e., takes time exponential in the number of servers to solve), solving it on the small coreset instead of the original clients results in a tractable controller. The approach is validated in a small scale hardware experiment using robot servers and human clients, and in a large scale numerical simulation using thousands of clients.


Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is one of the common functional gastrointestinal disorders,its pathogenesis is closely related to the functional changes of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) system.The functional changes of 5-HT system usually include the changes of 5-HT receptors and their subtypes,serotonin transporter(SERT) and its polymorphism, which are involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal sensation,motion,secretion,etc,and are closely related to the abnormality in psychology.This article reviewed the current status of study on 5-HT in the pathogenesis of IBS.


Modern and Postmodern are complex and complicated terms. This essay outlines the general principles of the two movements and their influence on styles of graphic design. The work of leading twentieth-century designers Josef Muller-Brockmann, Paul Rand, Tibor Kalman and Neville Brody is discussed as key examples of either Modernist or Postmodernist graphic design.


Abstract: In recent years, a variety of threats have become more ominous for Gulf nations, and these countries have sought to strengthen ties to the United States in ways that do not appear to compromise their sovereignty. The US Army has responded through a robust series of military exercises and through the development of regionally aligned forces. Consequently, the Army has played a vital role in meeting a variety of training challenges including preparation for conventional war, counterinsurgency, and missile defense. It has also asserted an important landpower presence in ways that reassure local allies and deter potential regional aggressors. ********** The Middle Eastern strategic environment has been especially dynamic in the last decade due to factors such as the 2003-11 X US combat operations in Iraq, the Arab uprisings, and the continuing rise in sectarian tensions and violence throughout a number of regional countries. In the midst of these developments, the stability of the region remains of central importance to the United States according to numerous presidents who have enumerated the American interests in the region. (1) Most recently, President Barack Obama stated that US "core interests" in the Middle East include: (1) safeguarding energy supplies exported to the world, (2) counterterrorism, (3) countering the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, and (4) the defense of Israel and advancement of the Arab-Israeli peace process. (2) Other US leaders have elaborated on the president's views by noting the Middle East will remain vital to the United States even if Washington moves closer to energy independence. (3) In this regard, America garners tremendous global influence by using its military forces to guarantee freedom of navigation for the transportation of Persian/Arabian Gulf energy supplies. (4) If the United States relinquished this position, other powers, such as China, could become interested in this role and the global clout it provides. The next decade will be a particularly important era for defining how Washington can best protect its interests in the Middle East and especially the Gulf region. The legacy of the Iraq war will contribute to this debate since that conflict generated significant US public and policymaker concerns about the future use of military force to fight major ground wars and then engage in long occupations, nation-building efforts, and counterinsurgencies. Former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates represented this view in a particularly straightforward way when he stated, "In my opinion, any future defense secretary who advises the President to again send a big American land army into Asia or into the Middle East or Africa should have his head examined, as General MacArthur so delicately put it." (5) President Obama underscored Gates's comment by indicating that he will seek to avoid using massive conventional military force except in cases involving US national survival interest. (6) This reluctance reflects the current political values of American society and is motivated by the administration's concern about developing open-ended military commitments to support secondary or peripheral interests in ways "that we can no longer afford." (7) Additionally, according to a variety of polls, the general public is extremely wary of getting involved in new Middle Eastern wars in places such as Syria and Iran. (8) Likewise, Arab public opinion remains deeply concerned about future American military action in the region, although US favorability ratings improved beginning in 2011 as the United States implemented its withdrawal from Iraq. (9) Nevertheless, understanding the dangers of military interventions does not allow one to reach the conclusion that conventional war and counterinsurgency actions will never again be required. Some challenges to US interests may not be viewed as immediate threats to national survival, but the long-term consequences such challenges could affect both US global leadership and economic future. …


Abstract : Land annexed by Fort Drum in 1941 included a defunct limestone quarry filled with water. Known as Quarry Pond, the site is part of a larger group of archeological sites known as the Quarry Pond Complex that also contains industrial ruins, early lime kilns, and a railroad berm and grade. The complex first furnished limestone for flux used in an iron blast furnace in Lewisburg. The ruins of three lime kilns are extant near the pond. When advances in iron production made the furnace obsolete, the quarry provided limestone used by sulfite mills in paper production or by the steel industry. In 1931, the quarry suddenly filled with spring water and was shut down. It is perhaps best known as the site of a spectacular cavern filled with very large and beautiful calcite crystals that were displayed at the New York State Museum for nearly seventy years. Although the site is significant for discovery of the crystals, the level of its destruction has resulted in a loss of integrity. The complex maintains the potential, however, to yield useful information about nineteenth- and early twentieth-century extractive industries, and it should be managed to minimize damage to the component parts of the complex.


The new Cine-Kodak Special is briefly described, particularly in connection with its application to photographing surgical operations both in color and in black and white. In addition to the usual features of 16-mm. cameras, the advantages of being able to produce fades, dissolves, double exposures, multiple exposures, single-frame exposures and to use masks of various kinds, increase the facility with which the camera can be used for surgical instruction and records. The paper refers briefly to some of the work done at the University of Rochester with this camera.


As often stated, Astronomy is the oldest science. Its beginnings were mainly stimulated by two reasons of a different nature - one theoretical, the other practical. The first was the fascination that the celestial bodies aroused in primitive peoples, especially because of the intriguing relation between the motions up there and the sequence of the seasons here below on Earth. The second was the need to know precisely when those seasons would start and end, in order to organize agricultural works or to plan travels and other aspects of civil and religious life. Different cultures responded to these two common primordial needs by developing calendars based on diverse combinations of lunar and solar cycles, giving a variety of solutions to the same problem. They do not coincide exactly because of the troublesome fact that a year is neither an integer number of lunar months nor of days. This book considers fourteen calendars, some in current use and some of historical interest - the Gregorian (current civil), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), Julian (old civil), Coptic, Ethiopic, Islamic (Moslem), modern Persian, Bahá'i, Hebrew (Jewish), Mayan, French Revolutionary, Chinese, old Hindu and modern Hindu. It offers precise descriptions of each of the calendars and gives the necessary rules for converting dates between them, as required for calculating secular and religious holidays. The basis for accurate calendrical algorithms is explained and explicit working computer programs are presented in an appendix. The work arose from the preparation by the authors of an Emacs-Lisp code to provide the features of the Gregorian, Islamic and Hebrew calendars. They published a paper in 1990 and, encouraged by the many inquiries they received, a second paper in 1993 and, finally, after extending their work to other calendars, have published this book. The result is a really attractive book, not only for specialists such as mathematicians, astronomers or computer scientists, but also for historians or for any person interested in the cultural aspects of science. I doubt that such a clear exposition of the mathematical structure of the calendar rules necessary to move from one to another of these fourteen calendars could be found elsewhere. It must be noted, however, that the book does not make easy bedtime reading. It is a pity that the cultural aspects of the calendars are not presented in more depth. Nevertheless, this is a splendid book, of interest to astronomers and computer scientists, and to anyone concerned with the role of science in the cultural evolution of mankind.


An organic-inorganic hybrid supramolecular self-assembly was successfully constructed by multivalent interaction of ethylenediamine-β-cyclodextrin and polyoxometalate in water, which was comprehensively characterized by UV-vis, NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra, and zeta potential. Interestingly, the resultant nanoparticles exhibited highly efficient catalytic ability for the photodegradation of organic dyes rhodamine B, xylenol orange, methyl orange, methylene blue, and crystal violet, and antibiotics nitrofurazone, tetracyclines, and berberine in the presence of H2O2 under the irradiation of mercury lamp or sunlight, which provides ideas for the treatment of organic pollutants.


In northern Europe and the UK in particular, a remarkable series of storms occurred over the winter of 2013/14, with large waves which led to considerable damage to coastal infrastructure. The most significant features of this storm season were the length of coastline affected by flooding (i.e., 'spatial footprints') and the short inter-arrival times between extreme events (i.e., 'temporal clustering') (Haigh et al., 2016). These extreme wave event characteristics had a large contribution to the devastating consequences along the coast, yet little attention has been paid to them in previous studies. The main aim of this study is to assess the spatial footprints and the temporal clustering of extreme wave events around the UK to facilitate the inclusion of such information into coastal management.


Abstract Panax notoginseng is a valuable herb with geographical indication, and the quality and price of P. notoginseng from different origins are very different. Therefore, this paper proposes a rapid and accurate method for identifying the origins of P. notoginseng by collecting the roots of P. notoginseng. This paper improves the whale optimization algorithm in terms of global convergence and convergence speed, introduces the Levy flight strategy and reconstructed whale synergy factor A, and applies it to the parameter optimization of support vector machines, to obtain a high-performance classification model. The improved whale optimization algorithm model identifies the origin of P. notoginseng by discriminating their terahertz spectra. Compared with the commonly used genetic algorithm and the original whale optimization algorithm, improvement in the whale optimization algorithm was able to avoid falling into local optimum solutions more effectively while having a high convergence rate. Accordingly, the improved whale optimization algorithm optimized support vector machine model obtained an overall accuracy of 98.44%, which was significantly higher than the 95.31% overall accuracy of the genetic algorithm optimized support vector machine model and the 96.88% overall accuracy of the whale optimization algorithm optimized support vector machine model. It was concluded that terahertz spectroscopy together with machine learning would be a promising technique for identifying the origins of P. notoginseng.


Using intraslab earthquakes shallower than 150 km in the southernmost Ryukyu subduction zone, previous studies in Taiwan found the wave guide effect that typically shows a low-frequency (<2Hz) first P arrival followed by sustained high-frequency (3–10 Hz) wave trains. Recently occurred deeper events at depth 150-300 km allow us to better quantify the properties of those seismic waves traveling in the subduction zone. In this study, we aim to systematically scan through the local broadband waveforms of the intermediate depth earthquakes with M>5 between 1997 and 2016. Event are classified based on the waveform characteristics and their frequency contents.

To detect events with similar properties, we applied sliding-window cross-correlation (SCC) using three components of P waveform data simultaneously for a set of stations. The time window used here was 10 s and traces were bandpass filtered in the frequency range 0.5–10 Hz. After the degree of similarity are calculated, events containing comparable waveforms can be sorted into families. The events within a family would have been triggered because they came from the same source region and their paths to a particular receiver should produce similar waveforms. Our results show that most earthquakes are low in waveform similarity, implying no “repeating” behavior for those intermediate intraslab events. However, some events (cc>0.6 threshold) present enough charterers that can be grouped as a family.

One important property is the frequency content of the arrivals that may be related to the speed of structure traveled. We have developed a work scheme to determine the delayed time of higher-frequency energy. On family of events show beautiful dispersion with arrival time smoothly increasing with frequency between 0.5 and 6 Hz. Another type of dispersive waveforms appear as two distinct arrivals: low frequency and then high-frequency energy, separated by around 1 s. The time delay seems to be independent of focal depth. The latter case has been reported in the previous study for shallower event and it was interpreted as effect from low-velocity layer or heterogeneity of the subducted slab. On the other hand, the continuous dispersion is a new feature observed by our study, which may infer a thinner layer and/or longer propagation for some kind of reflecting waves to develop such interference.

In addition, we will classify the waveforms according to the frequency content and decay of coda. The variations in P coda properties can be associated with the way in which the seismic energy gets ducted into the stochastic waveguide associated with the lithosphere. With sufficient amount of data, it is possible to further identify the earthquakes with unusual source properties or structure anomaly along specific propagation paths. We expect the classification results can provide a reference for future numerical simulation analysis.

Keywords: Ryukyu subduction zone, SCC, guide wave, waveform classification, intermediate-depth earthquakes


Recently, Shete et al. [Phys. Rev. Fluids 7, 024601 (2022)] explored the characteristics of passive scalars in the presence of a uniform mean gradient, mixed by stationary isotropic turbulence. They concluded that at high Reynolds and Schmidt numbers, the presence of both inertial-convective and viscous-convective ranges, renders the statistics of the scalar and velocity fluctuations to behave similarly. However, their data included Schmidt numbers of 0.1, 0.7, 1.0 and 7.0, only the last of which can (at best) be regarded as moderately high. Additionally, they do not consider already available data in the literature at substantially higher Schmidt number of up to 512. By including these data, we demonstrate here that the differences between velocity and scalar statistics show no vanishing trends with increasing Reynolds and Schmidt numbers, and essential differences remain in tact at all Reynolds and Schmidt numbers.


In modern world, the higher vocational education system must not only be able to promptly respond to the changing demands of different industries for specialists of the required majors, but also to facilitate their rapid employment. Graduates employability is an increasingly important issue. In addition to basic academic and vocational training, graduates are also required to possess flexible skills that are pivotal in transitioning from education to employment. So, for a successful activity, any specialist needs two categories of skills: hard and soft skills. When talking about hard skills, technical knowledge is meant. On the opposite, soft skills refer to communication, team work, creativity, problem solving and other personal skills. Experts agree that beside hard (technical) skills, soft (non-cognitive) skills are necessary. They represent psychological attributes that inform how people learn, think, and act. Measuring soft skills is important because they are variables that allow students to predict their professional future and career orientation. This paper presents the results of studies which have been conducted to identify key competences which todays graduates should have in order to get a desired job. Main methods and techniques that help to master and improve them are also discussed.


CULTIVATED Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., has leaf, extrafloral, and floral nectaries. The nectar secreted attracts many insects and provides an important food for them. A nectary is usually found on the midrib on the lower side of each leaf. (Figure 1). Extrafloral nectaries are commonly found below the bracts (Figure 2) and also between and inside the bracts. Floral nectaries are located between the sepals and petals. (These have not been studied in the plant material reported in this paper.) G. tomentosum Nuttall is a wild cotton species, native to Hawaii, which has no leaf or extrafloral nectaries. G. hirsutum and G. tomentosum, tetraploid species with 2n = 52 chromosomes, produce a fertile Fj hybrid. Among the many interesting genetic markers which appeared in plants derived from hybrids of G. hirsutum X G. tomentosum, the absence of leaf and extrafloral nectaries was selected for transfer to Upland cotton. Rather early in the transfer program, C. E. Rhyne, Jr. suggested that


Background. Fracture of the distal radius is the most common injures bones of the forearm. Multifragmentary articular injures have occupied a special place among all fractures of the distal radius This factor due to the severity of the injury wrist joint, young patients and difficult rehabilitation. Purpose of study: Improvement results surgical treatment unstable fractures of the distal radius. Patients and methods. All patients were depended into two groups: The first group consisted of 34 patients. The first stage of treatment include close reduction and external fixations. If after external fixation we have persisting fractures dislocation, we take conversion external fixation, open reduction and plate fixation. The second group were included 30 person. In this group we take open reduction and plate fixation. Results. 6 or 12 month after surgery in 1 group we have receiver 87% excellent results. In the the second group we have received 77% excellent results. In the first group 2 cases have slow fractures consolidation, infection complication not found. In the second group we have 2 complication: CRPS and infection. Conclusion. Results in two groups of patients are assessed as good and excellent. The results of the study showed that external fixation in first stage of treatment allows to achieved better restoration radiocarpal joint anatomy (except for type B fractures), and without secondaly displacement tendency. The last fact is very important for patient with delayed the second stage of treatment. This patients with multiple injuries, open fractures and presence of an infected wound and etc. The second stage of treatment consisted of open reduction and plate fixation. Achieved full anatomy restoration radiocarpal joint with possible early rehabilitation. Conflict of interest: the authors state no conflict of interest Funding: the study was performed with no external funding


In criminal interrogation,logical contradiction in suspect's confession can be detected and caught if law of contradiction is applied properly.Contradiction in suspects can be completely exposed if the strategies of interrogation are designed scientifically and logical trap is reasonably set.In this process,lies and false testimony can also be uncovered if relative evidence is working under the law of contradiction.In real application,the following points should be taken into consideration: the condition of application should be carefully decided,whether there is logical contradiction in confession should be objectively analyzed and decided,the cause of the contradiction is to be studied,and the application should not be against the laws and regulations.


To strengthen human resources management of independent college library is important for survival and competition of independent college,the library's development and the achievement of objectives of education.Independent college library should keep open concept of human resources management.


This paper aims at explicating that a translator attempts to reveal pragmatic presuppositions of original advertisement and finally to select its specific meaning of the presuppositions in advertisement translation, which will benefit theoretical researches and practice in translating business articles.


AbstractThe artificially created region around the "Land between the Lakes" (LBL) in Kentucky represents unique land use and land cover (LULC) heterogeneities. Over a distance of 100 km, the LULC comprises artificially created open water bodies (i.e., two parallel large run-on-river dams separated by the LBL), mountainous terrain, forest cover, and extensive agricultural land. Such heterogeneities increase (decrease) moisture supply and sensible heat, resulting in a differential air mass boundary that helps to initiate (inhibit) convection. Hence, the LBL can potentially modify precipitation formation. Historical anecdotes reveal a tendency for storms to dissipate or reintensify near the LBL. The specific scientific question pursued in this study is therefore the following: Has the unique development of two parallel run-on-river reservoirs and the surrounding LULC heterogeneity modified storm patterns in the region? Ten storm events during the growing season were selected. Two additional events, observed ...


We present the first Fermi surface measurements of a mixed valent metal, CeSn3. We find a complex Fermi surface with at least nine separate frequency branches. The measured effective masses are very large, ranging from 4.2 to 9.2. The results directly confirm the existence of coherent Bloch states in CeSn3 and strongly support an itinerant model of mixed valence based on hybridized energy bands. We compare the Fermi surface properties of CeSn3 to those of LaSn3, a non‐mixed valent reference metal, and discuss how the comparison allows various proposed models of mixed valence to be tested. Preliminary band calculations using only exchange in the density functional are able to reproduce many of the qualitative features of the CeSn3 data.


This study investigates the social identity and self-efficacy of a group of people from Jeju who have come to the mainland Korean peninsula for their university education. Two research questions guided this study: (a) how do the people of Jeju describe their social identity in the mainland Korean peninsula, particularly as university students in South Korean university environments, and (b) how do the people of Jeju describe their challenges and problems due to their unique Jeju dialects and sociocultural practices, particularly as university students in South Korean university environments. Based on a general inductive approach, 16 participants were invited. The findings indicated (a) I am a South Korean citizen, (b) my spoken language and living style, and (c) social stigma and discrimination as the primary themes. The participants indicated that due to the islandness of Jeju, they had developed their self-identity as people of Jeju and South Korean citizens, but not mainland Korean from the Korean peninsula. Although not all participants spoke fluent Jeju dialect and followed the traditional local religion in Jeju, their sociocultural development and customs played significant roles in their self-identity, self-efficacy, and sense-making processes, as people of Jeju.


The notion of "the person equated to the public servant" entered the Lithuanian criminal law together with the new Criminal Code of 2000. The article deals with functions and powers of such persons as obligatory alternative elements under Article 230, section 3, of the Criminal Code of Lithuania. Interpretation and application of all those elements is inconsistent up to now. Amendments in this field, made by the law adopted on 5 July 2004, render this topic even more relevant. Therefore, the article is aimed at revealing contents of each of the said elements; formulating rules of their interpretation and providing recommendations on the improvement of the abovementioned provision. The notion of "administrative powers" must be understood much broader then administrative powers in respect of subordinates. It also means administrative powers in respect of persons who are not subordinate to the empowered person; and other administrative powers related to activities of public administration. The notion of "the power to act in the name of establishment, enterprise or organisation" has its own meaning, which is not dependant on the boundaries of the institute of agency in the civil law. This notion means a person's right under the law or separate empowerment to make a deal(s) in the name of some legal person, or to perform other acts of legal importance when representing interests of that legal person in its relations with third parties. Provision of a public service may be ascertained only after detail analysis of applicable legal acts and subject to the following conditions: 1) only a service regulated by the law could be deemed a public service; 2) a service must be provided by legal persons controlled by the state or the municipality; any other persons may be providers only in the cases provided by the laws; 3) direct or at least indirect clients (i.e. recipients of that service) should be dwellers; and in some cases the society as such is the client, taking into account the character and significance of that service; 4) a service must be supervised, controlled and otherwise administrated by entities of public administration who inter alia issue permits for the provision of public services to private persons. Any fees or other charges for the administration of public services provision may be established only by the laws. And finally, public services may be provided with the aim of receiving profit.


The exchange of the philosophy that "no man is his brother's keeper" for the philosophy that "we are now all cogs in a machine, each dependent on the other" has led to an "explosion of liability" 3 in many areas of law. This change in the scope of social duty has certainly expanded manufacturers' liability for defective products. In the nineteenth century, manufacturer liability for defective products was severely limited. In 1842, an English court in Winterbottom v. Wright4 established the rule that manufacturers and suppliers of chattels could be liable for negligence only to those with whom they were in privity of contract.5 Gradually, courts began to circumvent this privity requirement. 6 By the mid-twentieth century, the scope of social duty had broadened and suppliers were subsequently held liable to plaintiffs on


Perovskite-nickelates (RNiO3, R = rare-earth elements) have attracted a considerable interest among researchers due to their sharp metal-insulator transition owing to the strongly correlated electronic effect. Their resistive switching behavior has the potential to construct high speed, densely scaled non-volatile memory and logic circuit devices. In recent years, a reversible and huge resistivity modulation through chemical reaction has been successfully demonstrated to this family of materials [1]. For example, proton-doped SmNiO3 thin film, where protons dissociated from hydrogen molecules by utilizing Pt catalytic effect and then doped in to the thin film, can lead to colossal resistance increase at 300 K [2]. The giant resistance increase is considered to be governed by proton reaction/motion within the RNiO3, such as diffusion within the thin film. In the hydrogenation process, while proton dopant would be diffused by thermal hopping and concentration gradient effect, electric field is also expected to be a driving force to diffuse the positively charged proton within thin film. However, this electric field effect has not been clearly revealed.


China has a long history in silkworm rearing and silk application and,through silk trade,has seen great prosperity in economic and cultural exchange with other countries in the world.The deep-going research of silkworm and extensive application of the achievements in silkworm research in China has greatly promoted the development of the sericultural industry of the country.However,the practice of intellectual property protection started rather late in China and much remains to be done in this respect.In consequence,protection of silkworm-related intellectual property fails to keep pace with the development of silkworm research.Only by improving the intellectual property protection system and providing sufficient legal protection of intellectual property can we ensure the sound and rapid growth of sericultural industry and accelerate the development of rural economy of China.


Imino sulfonate photoacid generators (PAGs) sensitive to i- and g-line were synthesized using 9-fluorenone derivatives with aryl–ethynyl units as starting materials. The PAGs exhibited good thermal...


[Abstract] RNA extraction is a basic procedure in molecular biology and a wide variety of commercial kits are available. Some of these kits have been successfully used in Chlamydomonas. However, in some cases RNA quality and quantity may be dramatically reduced depending on the strains and/or the conditions where cells were grown or treated. Phenol-based protocols are the most robust methods to obtain both high quantity and quality RNA from any strain of this alga grown in any condition. Here, we describe an easy and cheap protocol using phenol but avoiding the acute toxicity of guanidine isothiocyanate present in the commercial phenol-based mixtures.


Electrical energy is one of energy that has the role in all sectors so that the availability of power required by large amount as well as sustainable. PLTU Paiton Unit 7 and 8 is one of the private power company that attempts to meet the high demand for sustainable electric power in Indonesia. This power plant capable of providing electric power with capacity 615 MW (NET) of each or the total capacity reached 1230 MW. Gas Insulated Switchgear(GIS) is one important part of the generation system in PLTU Paiton Unit 7 and 8 which serves as a connection between the generation and PLN transmission system. Gas Insulated Switchgear is a system connection and breaker electrical network packaged in a non-ferrous tube and using materials sulphurhexaflouride gas(SF6) as an insulating medium. SF6 gas has electronegative property that has the function to inhibit the arc that may occur when operating switchgear. GIS consists of 500 kV switchgear equipment having specific functions and specifications and are not allowed in wrong operation. This final project study the interlocking system at 500 kV GIS, a safety system that works based on the sequence and coordination of 500 kV switchgear equipment. From this final project is known that the interlocking system at 500 kV GIS was made in order to avoid possible errors operation of switchgear equipment that may cause danger to plant operators and even cause a disruption in the power system. Keywords : Gas Insulated Switchgear, interlocking system, Sulphurhexaflouride (SF6)


Behind the fierce market competition, the intellectual property rights of new energy vehicles play a vital role. Intellectual property is the main means for enterprises to protect R&D achievements, and it is also the legal guarantee for protecting market leading position. China's new energy automobile industrialization can never be completely realized in a short time. We must rely on independent research and development automobile enterprises to be down-to-earth, based on the technological development status of the world's new energy automobile industry, and avoid fatal mistakes to the future automobile industry caused by intellectual property risks. Based on the big data technology, this paper studies the intellectual property rights of China's new energy vehicles. The research shows that at present, the statistical results of intellectual property rights classification of hybrid vehicles of domestic enterprises are: Chery Automobile Co., Ltd. ranks first, BYD Co., Ltd. ranks second, and Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd. ranks third. Based on the big data technology, this paper studies the intellectual property rights of China's new energy vehicles, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the perspective of intellectual property management of the national science and technology plan, so as to strengthen the independent innovation of China's new energy vehicles and promote the industrialization development.


The host suitability of Phaseolus angularis and Pueraria lobata for Matsumuraeses falcana, a major soybean pest, was examined under laboratory conditions. Experimental individuals completed development from the 1st instar larva to the adult stage on these two leguminous plants. There was no significant difference between Glycine max and these two plants with respect to survival rate or larval and pupal periods of individuals of Matsumuraeses falcana. However, adults emerging from Pu. lobata were significantly smaller than those emerging from G. maxor Ph. angularis. As only a few larvae were discovered in dead stems or seed pods of soybean plants in winter, the moths probably emigrate in fall from soybean hosts to wild leguminous plants such as Pu. lobata, and may overwinter on these plants in the Kyoto region.


The automatic selector includes following parts: memory for receiving, storing and outputting status parameter of each control command and timing signal as well as each feedback information; time delay module outputs controlled time delayed multiplepath timing signals in STM-N routes/branches, PDH branches and external timing signal routes as well as time delayed feedback information based on time delayed control command from memory; selection control center outputs selection command and each selection feedback information based on each selection control command from memory and status parameter of timing signal in each route; unconnected signal generator outputs unconnected signals; receiving timing signal from timing delay module, and unconnected signals, selector outputs a signal of selected route as system timing source based on selection command from selection control center.


Cyclophosphamide is a synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards widely used as an anticancer and immunosuppressive drug.This study was to investigate the damage in the DNA liver of male albino rats treated with low and high dose of cyclophosphamide.Use for this purpose 30 of the strain Sprague Dawley albino rats and divided into three groups, each group consisted of 10 rats; Group 1 (control) was injected with physiological solution (normal saline 0.9%), Group 2 (low dose) received 50mg/kg/b.w/weekly of drug and Group 2 (high dose) received 80mg/kg/b.w/weekly of the drug for 10 weeks.At the end of dosage, duration, the rats were dissected and the liver was excised and washed with normal saline.DNA damage analysis by using comet assay according comet assay kit. This result of comet assay showed that damage in DNA of liver cells at 10 weeks of treatment with cyclophosphamide high and low dose in four parameters comet high, comet medium, comet low and no damage. With low and high dose groups increase in comet high, comet medium percentage, decrease in comet low, and no damage percentage. The results of the present study indicated that high and low dose of Cyclophosphamide able to induce DNA damage in the liver of male albino rats. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 16-04-2018 Date of acceptance: 04-05-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I.Introduction Cyclophosphamide (CP) popularly known as Cytoxan or Endoxan is an extensively used drug to treat a wide range of various neoplastic diseases such as Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, many types of leukemia, multiple myeloma, retinoblastoma, neuroblastomas, carcinomas of the ovary, breast, and endometrium, and certain malignant neoplasms of the lung.[1, 2, 3] Cyclophosphamide, which is a non-active cyclic phosphamide ester of mechlorethamine causes cross-linking of DNA strand which leads to an increase in inhibition of DNA polymerase activity and thus prevents cell division. Although CP has proved to be a promising and effective chemotherapeutic agent, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1991, designated it as carcinogenic to humans. [1, 2, 3]Cyclophosphamide has been reported to produce genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice [4] and early lung injury in rats.[5] Numerous studies have shown that CP exposure can disrupt the redox balance of tissues and that these biochemical and physiological disturbances resulted from oxidative stress may be implicated in disorders like hemorrhagic cystitis, testicular gametogenic and androgenic disorders, liver and kidney disorders, inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis, etc.[6–10]The aim of the present study was to investigate the damage in the liver DNA of male albino rats treated with different doses of cyclophosphamide. II. Material and methods Preparation of cyclophosphamide drug Cyclophosphamide (Endoxan) produced by (Baxter international company U.S), was used by administering 50 mg/kg of body weight/week as low dose and 80mg/kg of body weight/week as high dose. It injected with animal intravenously for 10 weeks. Experimental Animal The experimental animals used in this study were male albino rats, Rattus norvegicus weighing (225 – 250 g), and at the age of (14 – 16) weeks. The animals were purchased from Pharmaceutical control of the Ministry of Health in Baghdad. Animals were given food and water ad libitum. Rats were maintained in a friendly environment with a 12 h/12 h light-dark cycle at room temperature (22 °C – 25 °C). Rats were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for 7 days before commencement of the experiment. [11] Experimental Design On present investigation, 30 male rats divided into three groups, each group consisted of 10 rats as follows:  Group I (control)Injected orally with normal saline.  Group II (low dose) injected intravenously with CP(50mg/kg/b.w) one time/week for 10 weeks. DAN damage analysis in liver of male albino rats treated with different doses of cyclophosphamide DOI: 10.9790/3008-1302061417 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page  Group III (high dose) injected intravenously with CP (80mg/kg/b.w) one time/week for 10 weeks. Collection of organ The male albino rats were fully anesthetized by diethyl ether for several minutes. The rats were dissected and the liver was excised and washed with normal saline (0.9 % NaCl). Comet assay Comet assay in order to determine DNA damage. The Oxiselect comet assay kit was used to perform the test. [12] Tissue Preparation Blood rich organs (liver), chop tissue into large pieces (1-2 mm), let settle for 5 minutes then aspirate and discard medium. Add 1-2 ml of ice cold 20 mM EDTA in 1X PBS (Ca++ and Mg++ free), mince the tissue into very small pieces and let stand for 5 minutes. Recover the cell suspension, avoiding transfer of debris. Count cells, pellet, and resuspend at 1x10 5 cells/ml in ice-cold 1x PBS (Ca++ and Mg++ free). Assay Protocol The electrophoresis conditions used will determine the sensitivity of the assay. Neutral Comet Assaywill detect double-stranded DNA breaks, whereas Alkaline Comet Assaywill detect single and double-stranded DNA breaks, and the majority of a basic site as well as alkali labile DNA adducts (e.g.phosphoglycols, phosphotriesters). Alkaline Comet Assay 1. Lysis Solution was prepared and cooled at 4°C for at least 20 minutes before use. 2. LM Agarose was melted in a beaker of boiling water for 5 minutes, with the cap loosened. The bottle was placed in the 37°C water bath for at least 20 minutes to cool. 3. Cells were combined at 1 x 10 5 /mL with molten LM Agarose (at 37°C) at a ratio of 1:10 (v/v) and immediately pipetted 50 μl onto Comet Slide. If necessary, side of pipette tip was used to spread agarose/cells over the sample area to ensure complete coverage of the sample area. If the sample is not spreading evenly the slide was warmed at 37°C before application. 4. Slides flat was placed at 4°C in the dark (e.g. Place in refrigerator) for 10 minutes. A 0.5 mm clear ring appears on edge of the Comet Slide area. Increasing gelling time to 30 minutes improves adherence of samples in high humidity environments. 5. Slides were immersed in 4°C Lysis Solution for 30-60 minutes. For added sensitivity or convenience it should be incubated overnight at 4°C. 6. Excess buffer was drained from slides and immersed in freshly prepared Alkaline Unwinding Solution, pH>13. Gloves should be worn when preparing or handling this solution. 7. Comet Slide was immersed in Alkaline Unwinding Solution for 20 minutes at room temperature or 1 hour at 4°C, in the dark. 8. For the Comet Assay electrophoresis(ES-unit), ~850 mL 4°C Alkaline Electrophoresis Solution was added, slides were placed in an electrophoresis slide tray (slide labeled adjacent to black cathode) and covered with Slide Tray Overlay. The power supply was setted to 21 volts and voltage was applied for 30 minutes. 9. The excess electrophoresis solution was drained, gently immersed twice in dH2O for 5 minutes each, then in 70% ethanol for 5 minutes. 10. Samples were dried at 37°C for 10-15 minutes. Drying brings all the cells in a single plane to facilitate observation. Samples must be stored at room temperature, with desiccant prior to scoring at this stage. 11. 100 μl of diluted SYBR Green was placed onto each circle of dried agarose and stained 30 minutes (room temperature) in the dark. The slide was gently tapped to remove excess SYBR solution and rinsed briefly in water. Slides were dried completely at 37°C. 12. Slides were viewed by fluorescence microscopy. (SYBR Green's maximum excitation/emission is 496 nm/522 nm. Fluorescein filter is adequate). Fifty randomly selected cells were counted per sample to quantify the comet cell. The scored was calculated from the ratio of (L/W) comet to determine the Comet Index (CI). Scored range from 1.2 to 2 considered low DNA damage (LD), from 2.1 to 3 medium DNA damage (MD), and up to 3 high DNA damage (HD). [13] Statistical Analysis The Statistical Analysis System-SAS (2012) program was used to determine the effect of different factors in study parameters. All the values were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) -Least significant difference (LSD) test. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. P ˂ 0.05 was considered as significant difference. III. Result Comet Assay parameters The results of the present study in thetable (1) showed that damage in DNA of liver cells at 10 weeks of treatment with cyclophosphamide high and low dose in four parameters comet high, comet medium, comet low and no damage. DAN damage analysis in liver of male albino rats treated with different doses of cyclophosphamide DOI: 10.9790/3008-1302061417 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page Comet high percentage The results in (table 1) show a significant (P < 0.05) increase in comet high of cyclophosphamide low dose group (50 mg/kg b.w) was (19.267±2.104) %, and CP high dose group (80 mg/kg b.w.) was (30.100±2.524) % compared with the control group was (7.673±1.134) %. (Figure 1 C). Comet medium percentage The results in (Table 1) show a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the comet medium of cyclophosphamide low dose group (50 mg/kg b.w) was (50.333±8.501) %, and CP high dose group (80 mg/kg b.w.) was (78.000±6.578) %, compared with the control group was (21.333±3.615) %. (Figure 1 B). Comet low percentage The results in (Table 1) show a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in comet low of cyclophosphamide low dose group (50 mg/kg b.w) was (24.860±1.786) %, and CP high dose group (80 mg/kg b.w.) was (17.380±1.664) %, compared with the control group was (36.610±1.198) %. (Figure 1. A2). No damage percentage The results in (Table 1) show a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in no damage of cyclophosphami


When the parties have agreed to choose arbitration as the dispute resolution agency, the district court must refuse to examine and adjudicate on the dispute, if one party brings the dispute resolution to the district court. However, in practice there are those who still choose to use the path of the judiciary. Among them is the case of Decision Number 410 / Pdt.G / 2011 / PN.Jak.Pst. and 534 / Pdt.G / 2011 / PN.Jkt.Sel although with different decision results. Based on the reality of this practice, this paper intends to examine whether the decision number 410 / Pdt.G / 2011 / PN.Jak.Pst can be deemed as International Civil Law and whether the action as the object of disputes in the Case Number 410 / Pdt.G / 2011 / PN.Jak.Pst is an unlawful action. Cases that are settled in a district court regardless the clause that states that in the case of dispute, it will be settled arbitrarily by the parties, then the decision produced by the District Court is not an international civil law. Actions which are subject to dispute in the Case Number 410 / Pdt.G/2011/PN.Jak.Pst are not unlawful acts. The absolute competence of arbitration is that a case arising from the agreement itself is not an act that is regulated outside the agreement even though there is a clause stating that if there is a dispute it will be settled arbitrarily. When the parties no longer have a good intention to settle the dispute through arbitration, then this becomes the authority of the district court.
Keywords: International Business Dispute Arbitration Clause.


Objective: To analyze the experience with the use of perineal recto-sigmoidectomy and plasty of the levator ani muscles to treat complete anal prolapse. Design: Retrospective, observational study. Setting: Third level health care hospital. Patients and methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 17 patients with complete rectal prolapse operated through perineal rectosigmoidectomy and plasty of the levator ani muscles in a period of 3 years and 2 months. During the postoperative period, continence by means of the Parks' scale and constipation were assessed. We analyzed the following variables: gender, age, hospital stay, follow-up (at least for 6 months), recurrence of the mucous and rectal prolapse, morbidity and mortality. Results: Patients were 16 women and 1 man, average age of 70 years (32 to 84 years). In 76% of the patients at least another disease was present. Symptomatology was present for an average of 14 months before surgery. Mean hospital stay was of 5 days. Anal incontinence was present in 76% of the patients before surgery, 86% of them improved after surgery. Morbidity was in average of 5.9% during the


AbstractThe response of sea surface temperature (SST) to tropical cyclones is studied using gridded SST data and global cyclone tracks from the period 1981–2008. A compositing approach is used whereby temperature time series before and after cyclone occurrence at individual cyclone track positions are averaged together.Results reveal a variability of several days in the time of maximum cooling with respect to cyclone passage, with the most common occurrence 1 day after cyclone passage. When compositing is carried out relative to the day of maximum cooling, the global average response to cyclone passage is a local minimum SST anomaly of −0.9°C. The recovery of the ocean to cyclone passage is generally quite rapid with 44% of the data points recovering to climatological SST within 5 days, and 88% of the data points recovering within 30 days. Although differences exist between the mean results from the separate tropical cyclone basins, they are in broad agreement with the global mean results. Storm intensity...


ABSTRACT Lysosomes receive and degrade cargo from endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. They also play an important role in sensing and instructing cells on their metabolic state. The lipid kinase PIKfyve generates phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to modulate lysosome function. PIKfyve inhibition leads to impaired degradative capacity, ion dysregulation, abated autophagic flux and a massive enlargement of lysosomes. Collectively, this leads to various physiological defects, including embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration and overt inflammation. The reasons for such drastic lysosome enlargement remain unclear. Here, we examined whether biosynthesis and/or fusion-fission dynamics contribute to swelling. First, we show that PIKfyve inhibition activates TFEB, TFE3 and MITF, enhancing lysosome gene expression. However, this did not augment lysosomal protein levels during acute PIKfyve inhibition, and deletion of TFEB and/or related proteins did not impair lysosome swelling. Instead, PIKfyve inhibition led to fewer but enlarged lysosomes, suggesting that an imbalance favouring lysosome fusion over fission causes lysosome enlargement. Indeed, conditions that abated fusion curtailed lysosome swelling in PIKfyve-inhibited cells. Summary: PIKfyve inhibition causes lysosomes to coalesce, resulting in fewer, enlarged lysosomes; TFEB-mediated lysosome biosynthesis does not contribute to swelling.


Brick masonry is one of the earliest types of structures erected by man. Masonry has been used as a load bearing material for centuries. It is the most common type of structures in many countries. It is very weak in resisting earthquake hence the parameters of masonry unit to resist lateral load needs to be known. To find shear and tensile properties of brick masonry unit no standard procedures are introduced in ASTM and ACI. The shear and tensile properties between brick and mortar interface are closely presented in this paper. The objective of this paper is not to develop standard procedure of finding shear and tensile properties of masonry unit rather to develop a preliminary method to find the shear and tensile properties of masonry unit.


This paper investigates the adaptive distributed tracking control problem for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems with communication constraints where the subsystems are allowed to exchange output information only when the tracking error exceeds a given threshold. Considering the communication constraints problem, a novel adaptive distributed control method is developed. In this framework, a fuzzy adaptive controller is designed within a given compact set to compensate the unknown mismatching interconnections. Specially, to achieve the global tracking performance, a robust controller is activated outside the compact set to pull back the system states. By using the Lyapunov stability theory and the $\sigma$-modification technique, it is proven that the tracking errors are globally asymptotically convergent and all the signals in the resulting closed-loop system are bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by two examples.


Secretion of .{ more or less cottony --------....----Series I. 'secretion of J waxy glassy or horny --..---.-. --'Series II. Secretion of J more or less cottony -.,.--------'-.'--Series I. Adult .e naked, or covetecl only by a film of secretion-'-.----Series III' Of co-urse it must be understood that the expr:essions "glassy," "horny," ancl "cottony," t'efef only to the appearance of the secrction, not to its tr"ue nature.


Distributed-feedback buried-heterostructure InGaAsP/InP lasers with room temperature CW threshold current as low as 50 mA, corresponding to a current density of 2.3 kA/cm2, are presented. CW operation in the temperature range from -20°C to 58°C was confirmed.


On how jurists work with texts ... and texts with them. Some thoughts on postmodemising Christian-Reformational legal thinking . In this article it is argued that postmodern, Christian-Reformational legal scholarship is possible, in principle, and indeed necessary. Reformational legal scholars are enjoined to account for the implications of the linguistic turn in legal interpretation, namely that meaning is not discovered in a text, but is made in dealing with the text. The meaning of "text" in the light of postmodern insights that traverse the notion of law-texts as autonomous bearers of meaning, is compared with traditional lexicographic notions of the signifier "text". According to the former insights a law-text is a signifier whose possible meanings in specific situations are generated as a result of a dynamic and complex interplay between the text and multifarious other signifiers. A basic distinction is made between narrative and normative lawtexts and the relevance of this distinction is explained.


The purpose of this study is to highlight the history of agricultural aviation in Brazil, which
celebrates 72 years in 2019, as well as to unveil the myths and prejudices created throughout
its history, clarifying and showing the benefits of this essential pillar of civil aviation. This is
an exploratory research, with the scope of theoretical foundation, based on document analysis
that is quantitative and qualitative approach, with research and consultation in books, articles,
data, reports and publications of regulators of the activity, as well as with review in current
regulations and laws. It was concluded that, in fact, the misinformation about the historical
formation of agricultural aviation in Brazil, as well as the many advantages of its use, led to
the creation of myths and barriers that generated prejudices that are distanced from the real
data and facts that permeate the situation. agricultural aviation and lead to frequent negative
prejudices. Thus, the agricultural air activity has undergone several transformations, as it
improves with the advancement of technology, and branches in several ways, mainly in favor
of crop protection and care for the environment. Agricultural aviation is of paramount
importance to civil aviation just as its exponential growth fosters the national and
international economy.


Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death in the world.The high impact of its main sequelae(acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure) on the quality of life of patients and the cost of health care drives the search for new therapies.The recent finding that stem cells contribute to myocardial regeneration,neovascularization and possibly improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction makes stem cell therapy the most highly active research area in cardiology.Although the concept of stem cell therapy may revolutionize heart failure treatment,several obstacles need to be addressed.The published studies vary significantly in design,making it difficult to draw conclusions on the efficacy of this treatment.However,these studies highlight the landmark concept that stem cell therapy may play a major role in treating cardiovascular diseases in the near future.Stem cell therapy may be combined with pharmacological,surgical,and interventional therapy to improve outcome in patients with coronary artery disease.


The subject of this article is a knowledge-based company constantly looking for new solutions in its operations. As this management discipline is progressing rapidly, the authors intend to present a new approach to supporting management processes at an enterprise. The first part of the article discusses the practice of knowledge management and sketches the picture of a knowledge worker at a modern organisation. The next part presents a new trend in knowledge support processes, namely Adaptive Case Management. The authors describe the theoretical grounds as well as the opportunities for practical implementation.


In this video, I am talking about: what kinds of biological data we might have in social surveys that enables us to do this kind of research; and then give examples of research questions that we could answer with these data and; show how they might contribute to understanding of health and to policy.

This video is part of an Online Learning Resource created by NCRM. This is video 1 of 2.

https://www.ncrm.ac.uk/resources/online/biosocial_research_in_social_surveys/


Few researchers have examined the impact on pre-service teacher efficacy as related to a field experience in a literacy content area. In this study, the pre-service teachers were enrolled in a phonemic awareness and phonics course with an associated field experience. The Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale and a researcher created content specific survey provided pre and post field experience data. The researcher created content survey provided insight regarding the changes in attitudes of the candidates with the overall responses in the survey indicated that the candidates were more confident in phonemic awareness and phonic lesson design after the field experience. The study was conducted at a small private college with early childhood education majors. The small sample size limited overall conclusions. Indeed, the results indicated no significant differences. The impact of the field experience on individual efficacy was not evident; further research is required.


The aim research aims to understand how the perception of library users
toward the quality of circulating service in the
n =
office of archive and library in area
of Yogyakarta. This research method is descriptive. The subject is library users,
while the object of this research is the perception of library users toward the
quality of circulating service in the office of archive and library in area of
Yogyakarta.The population of this research is library users, i.e 17.900 people.
That population, based on Yamane formula :
N
Nd²
+1
result 100 people as samples. Samples are taken using accidental sampling
method.
The variable of this research is the perception of library users toward
the measurement of the perception of library users based on 5 dimensions of
service, i.e. reliability,assurance,responsiveness,emphaty,and tangibles.
The result show that the perception of the major of library users toward
the quality of circulating service in the office of archive and library in area of
Yogyakarta, is good. As the average value is 3,15, the interpretation is good.
Based on the results, it is advised the office of archive and library in area of
Yogyakarta to increase the quality of its services.
Keywords: library users,perception,quality of service,circulating service.


Despite being involved in the global industry and having endorsement from various governments on its advantages, Building Information Modelling (BIM) continues to languish and unable to attract a critical mass of adoption in Malaysian construction industry. Approaching the issue from the interrelated perspectives, this study sought to identify the common components (potential value, expected benefits and challenges of adoption) related to BIM adoption and to suggest diffusion of BIM Adoption Strategy in the Malaysian context. The sample was drawn from the Real Estate and Housing Developers' Association Malaysia (REDHA) listed members from 2012 to 2013. Questionnaires were sent to 925 real estate and housing developers and 152 were returned and analysed using the Rasch Measurement Model. Initially, the following five categories of adopters were identified: Innovators, Late Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, and Laggards. Other than that, the findings suggested that although initially there was some resistance, it would be prudent to assume that should there be systematic strategy to support BIM adoption, 58% of the clients' organisation had the potential to adopt BIM within 3 years. It was interesting to report that the ability to increase the turnover of the project has been identified as de facto for organisations to employ BIM into their work process. This study also found that lack of direction of BIM will grind for successful BIM adoption in Malaysia. Thus, to support the adoption, this study proposed a Diffusion of BIM Adoption Strategy framework. The framework consists of transformational, operational and human development strategy. The framework also offers a comprehensive deployment of strategies to ensure that rejection will not take place after the organisations have started to adopt BIM. With the right strategies which are implemented in the sound manner, this study believes that BIM adoption in Malaysia will be successful and at par with other early adopter countries.


Recent advances in ultrasound medical imaging such as contrast agent, harmonic or sonar type imaging require ultrasound arrays with higher electro-acoustical and acoustical performances than the standard state of the art. Higher bandwidth, higher sensitivity, better resolution and improved beam characteristics are necessary to improve image quality. This paper presents two different configurations of array transducers: a 3.5 MHz center frequency curved linear array for general purpose, abdominal and obstetric imaging and a 7 MHz center frequency linear array for small parts and peripheral vascular imaging. Both arrays include optimized 1-3 piezocomposite material based on high dielectric permittivity piezoceramic. These arrays that use new acoustic matching design exhibit a higher bandwidth with a +15% to 25% gain compared to standard ones with high resolution resulting in a wide operating frequency range. Complete electroacoustic and acoustic evaluations of both arrays are presented in this paper. To characterize and evaluate the electroacoustic performances, we propose to set a figure of merit.


A theoretical analysis is made of the pulse generation of a second harmonic in a nonlinear crystal placed inside a Q-switched laser resonator. Allowance is made for the saturation of the nonlinear interaction and for the inhomogeneity of the longitudinal distribution of the intensity of the fundamental-frequency radiation in the active element. The following main results of a computer analysis are reported: machine oscillograms of isolated harmonic pulses often have a fine structure; for a given length of the nonlinear crystal there are, under certain conditions, two values of the pump energy which ensure optimal conversion; an increase in the pump energy causes a greater proportion of the total harmonic energy to be generated during the forward pass through the nonlinear crystal; phase-matching curves for the energy of harmonic single pulses are much wider and smoother than in the case of second harmonic generation outside the resonator.


Damage detection of any structure becomes the main concern in a failure analysis. Early failure detection is very important as it can prevent any catastrophic failure by replacing or repairing the damage part at early stage. One of the non-destructive methods of damage detection is using frequency based vibration analysis. Identification and comparison of a set of natural frequencies before and after damage is the main concern of this research. A rectangular plate clamped at all edges represented an initial undamaged structure. Based on Kachanov's definition, damage existence in a structure is introduced in the presence of some circular voids. The voids are generated randomly at different level of damage value. To obtain the Natural Frequencies, a Finite Element Model (FEM) of a clamped plate with the updated value of Young's Modulus is analyzed. From the FEM analysis result, it is found that the Natural Frequencies are shifted as the void existence increase. Using curve fitting, the model of Natural Frequency shifting as a function of damage evolution has been generated. It is found that the shifting of the Natural Frequency is greater at higher frequency value as indicated by the higher absolute gradient.


The hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate (EC) to produce methanol and ethylene glycol (EG) is one of the key steps in the promising route for CO2 utilization on a large scale. However, the high H2/EC ratio in feed (usually as 200∼300) is generally required to achieve favorable catalytic activity, inducing the high cost for H2 circulation in the industrial application. Here, we report a series of nanoflower‐like catalysts with curved fibers and open ends, among which the catalyst with the highest fiber density exhibited nearly 98 % EC conversion, 75 % methanol selectivity and over 99 % EG selectivity when the H2/EC ratio was decreased to 60. Combining the characterizations of active species distribution and high‐pressure H2 adsorption, it is demonstrated that the nanoflower‐like morphology with dense fibers could remarkably enrich the hydrogen adsorption, consequently, accelerate the reaction rate and present an excellent performance at a low H2/EC ratio. These insights may provide instructive suggestions for further design of catalysts for the hydrogenation reactions.


The invention discloses a sliding door locking device of a vehicle. The sliding door locking device may include a rail mounted to a vehicle body along a length direction thereof, a slider inserted in and slidably coupled to the rail, a connection structure of which one end is relatively rotatably coupled to the slider and another end is coupled to a door of the vehicle to slidably support the door of the vehicle, a latch rotatably mounted to the slider to lock the connection structure to the rail or release the connection structure from the rail, and a locking groove formed in the rail and to which the latch is detachable therefrom.


The objective of this article is to present a proposal to promote the development of a maritime cluster in Peru, which would be very favorable for the development and economic growth based on our privileged geostrategic location and the great wealth of the Peruvian sea. Carrying out this Vision will allow all the organisms and institutions related to the maritime field to be grouped together from an articulating and dynamic unit that generates innovation, improves productivity and achieves a competitive advantage in the country. Considering the strategic importance of the proposal, it has been proposed with a long-term horizon, that is, for the period 2020 to 2050.


ABSTRACT This study represents one of the most methodologically rigorous attempts at estimating the prevalence, in the Indian state of Bihar, of the worst forms of child labor, defined broadly as coerced labor detrimental physically or psychologically to the development of a child. Based on samples collected through a combination of spatial random sampling and link-tracing strategies, and applying population-based calibrations, we find that the worst the forms of child labor are widespread and pervasive among child workers in urban Bihar, irrespective of whether we apply the Indian legal framework or the international convention. Such pervasive exploitation and abuse of child labor in one Indian state suggest the need to develop solutions that must address the fundamental social forces that compel children to work in slave-like conditions, such as basic livable wages for adult laborers and greater enforcement of existing child protection laws to ensure proper scrutiny of places where children are employed. It will take a long-term commitment from the Indian government as well as the civil society to tackle such a large-scale social problem, and interventions aiming to bring about significant social changes, such as improved enforcement of existing child labor law, public education and awareness campaign, financial as well as legal punishment of egregious employers.


This paper carries out flooding cleanup technology research and trials according to the problems of low formation pressure and poor stimulation in the late development of heavy oil steam stimulation,which uses energizer agent generated a lot of gas by the thermal energy decomposition to reduce oil viscosity,Increase the formation pressure,supplement formation energy,part of the gas and polymeric surfactant form a lot of foam to play a profile role through Jamin effect.


The influence of different bleaching parameters including kinds of bleaching agents and its dosage, temperature and time on the bleaching effect and its main physiochemical properties of the bleaching oil with the feed stock of degumming oil from different mature soybean was studied. The optimal bleaching conditions are: physical bleaching processing in vacuum is suitable, the dosage of activated bleaching earth is 4%, bleaching temperature and time is 90℃ and 30 min respectively. After several periods storage in common conditions,color reversion of bleaching oil from mature soybean becomes sharp, on the contrary, the color of oil from immature soybean becomes pale.


The popular theory on texture classification of carbonates has not shed much light on the relict texture of dolomites,which is defined here as the texture remained of original limestone with 10% of grains after complete dolomitization and associated recrystallization,dissolution,fillings,and so on.It is emphasized for its important role in reconstructing the paleo-environment of sedimentation.Based on whether most of the grains can be clearly and quantitatively distinguished with matrix and cements,and the inner texture of grains is preserved or not under microscope,the relict textures can be classified as the mimetic texture,the nonmimetic texture,and the ghost texture.These textures are described in detail with typical examples.The porosity classification of these relict textures should coincidently be refined after Choquette and Pray (1970).The pores are firstly classified as selective,partly selective or non-selective.Intragranular,intergranular,and intercrystal pores are selectively developed within individual grains,between grains,or between individual dolomite crystals,respectively.Furthermore,if the intercrystal pores are selectively developed within individual grains,then they are classified into intragranular and called intragranular-intercrystal pores.Similarly there are intergranular-intercrystal pores.Notably,moldic porosity hereby is also intragranular because they are always within individual grains.Partly selective pores in this case refer to dissolution enlarged intragranular,intergranular,or intercrystal pores.And the common non-selective pores are vugs,channels,caverns,fractures and breccia pores,as defined by Choquette and Pray (1970).


Word meaning mainly consists of conceptual meanings and a set of additional meanings,including cultural meanings.Additional cultural meanings(ACM) play a vital role in the cross-cultural communication.The bilingual dictionary is a bridge to realize the intercultural communication between two different languages.Therefore,it should interpret the ACM of words from different aspects.According to the basic features of ACM and the principles of bilingual dictionary translation,the paper puts forward five methods to fully interpret the ACM of words:Cultural Notes,Illustrative Examples,Glosses,Glosses plus Illustrations,and Labels.


Protein and amino acid contents of liver of normal (untreated) adult male garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, were quantitatively determined by the method of Lowry et al. and ninhydrin reaction, respectively, and compared with the protein and amino acid contents in the liver of adult male garden lizards exposed to cold, heat, UV- and gamma-radiations. With a decrease in protein contents, a simultaneous increase in the amino acid contents was observed. The decrease in protein content was 80, 60, 30 and 20% after exposure to cold, heat, UV- and gamma-radiations, respectively. Consequently, the increase in amino acid content was 57, 40, 20 and 5% after exposure to cold, heat, UV- and gamma-radiations, respectively.


OBJECTIVE
Myofascial pain syndrome is one of the primary causes of health care visits. In recent years, physical exercise programs have been developed for the treatment of myofascial trigger points, but their effect on different outcomes has not been clarified. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of physical exercise programs on myofascial trigger points.

METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Articles analyzing the effect of physical exercise programs on pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, range of motion, and disability were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. The DerSimonian-Laird method was used to compute the pooled effect sizes (ES) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, range of motion, and disability.

RESULTS
A total of 24 randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled ES were -0.47 (95% CI = -0.61 to -0.33) for pain intensity, 0.63 (95% CI = 0.31 to 0.95) for pressure pain threshold, 0.43 (95% CI = 0.24 to 0.62) for range of motion, and -0.18 (95% CI = -0.45 to 0.10) for disability.

CONCLUSIONS
Physical exercise programs may be an effective approach in the treatment of pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, and range of motion among patients with myofascial trigger points.


The present study compares the performance of different architectures of recurrent neural networks in the prediction of monthly seasonal streamflow series related to Brazilian hydroelectric plants. The architectures utilized are the proposals from Jordan and Elman and the Echo State Network. In the last case, the reservoir designs from Jaeger and Ozturk et al. were addressed, as well as the verification of the benefits in use the coefficient of regularization to calculate the weights of the output layer. The computational results showed that the ESN reached the best performance, mainly those with the regularization.


Despite his lack of formal education, Sutherland bard Rob Donn MacKay (1714–78) left over 220 published poems, far more than any other contemporary Gaelic poet. During his lifetime he was equally esteemed for well-crafted satires and well-chosen (or newly-composed) musical settings for his verse. This article examines a group of related satires attacking the schoolmaster John Sutherland and the drover John Gray, comparing them to Rob Donn's views on other schoolmasters and cattle dealers, and considering both what conventional historical sources tell us about the poetry and what the poetry tells us about history, particularly literacy, bilingualism, and the cattle trade in the eighteenth-century Highlands.


Home care services have had, and will have a major imortance in the future. More people will be using home care services as a consequence of political strategies but also as an effect of caretakers ...


The Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory muon front end consists of a pion decay channel and longitudinal drift, followed by an adiabatic buncher, phase rotation system and ionization cooling lattice. The present design is based on the lattice presented in the Neutrino Factory Study 2A report [1] and subsequently the International Scoping Study [2] with several modifications: the taper from the target solenoid has been adjusted; the drift, buncher and phase rotation solenoid field strength has been reduced from 1.75 T to 1.5 T; the whole system has been shortened; and the thickness of lithium hydride absorbers in the cooling section has been increased. These changes result in the same muon capture performance in a shorter bunch train, reducing requirements on some systems downstream of the muon front end.


Molecular magnetism is producing new types of materials which cover up to date aspects of basic science together with possible applications. This article highlights recent results from the point of view of lanthanides which are now intensively used to produce single molecule magnets, single chain and single ion magnets. After a short introduction reminding the main steps of development of molecular magnetism, the basic properties of lanthanides will be covered highlighting important features which are enhanced by the electronic structure of lanthanides, like spin frustration and chirality, anisotropy and non collinear axes in zero and one dimensional materials. A paragraph of conclusions will discuss what has been done and theperspectives to be expected. 1 A Nano history of molecular magnetism Molecular magnetism is a relatively recent section of magnetism which evolved from magnetochemistry. Magnetochemistry is the use of magnetic measurements in order to obtain structural information. An example should explain. Nickel(II) has a configuration 3d. A compound with four ligands can have either a tetrahedral or square planar coordination geometry. A ligand field description shows that the five degenerate d orbitals in cubic symmetry remove their degeneracy due to low symmetry effects. The tetrahedral field is weaker than the square planar and the latter forces the electron spins to pair, while the weak tetrahedral keeps two electrons unpaired. A simple magnetic measurement at room temperature decides about the coordination structure. In fact the tetrahedral nickel (II) complexes are paramagnetic and square planar are diamagnetic. A useful technique but nothing more. The change occurred from the 60s of last century when it was realized that molecular chemistry could yield new types of magnetic materials, following the same type of evolution which took place on conductors where the introduction of molecular techniques determined a technological breakthrough. The goal at the beginning was to design and synthesize high T organic ferromagnets, but the challenge appeared soon to be too difficult and in order to start from a less hard field the goal was broadened rapidly to molecular ferromagnets i.e. to materials which may contain metal ions together with organic molecules. The results were promising, teaching how to develop strategies to design and synthesize ferroor ferri-magnetic coupled molecules. The result was the production of low dimensional magnets while 3D materials were more difficult and the number of molecular magnets working at room temperature did not exceed 2 [1-4]. The critical temperatures of pure organic ferromagnets are still in the 30 K range. Luckily in those years there was a keen interest among physicists towards low D magnets and the exotic molecular magnets attracted the interest of quite a few. The problem was the different languages of the two communities. Physicists for instance needed one-dimensional antiferromagnets with S> 1⁄2 to test the Haldane theory, and the only systems they were aware of classic inorganic systems. The chemists on the other hand had several promising materials but were not aware of the potentialities. Finally the contact of the two communities occurred and they learned that the nickel(II) coordination polymers could be excellent test grounds [5]. Soon there were a number of attempts to communicate between the two communities and I like to remind a NATO ASI held in the Tuscan coast in 1983 where chemists and physicists sat together and talked. In a sense that event 30 years old was the beginning of Molecular Magnetism and the book of proceedings the first text book [6]. The event acted as catalyst and the molecular magnetism became a multidisciplinary field which went much beyond the original expectations. Perhaps DOI: 10.1051/ C © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014 /201 epjconf EPJ Web of Conferences