Reliability of surface mount components and interconnect are significant issues in electronic manufacturing. Although the reliability of devices has been broadly studied,here we are focusing on the reliability of the solder joint after the self-alignment phenomena during reflow soldering.In this study,the quality of the self-alignment assemblies was analyzed relate to the joint shear strength according to the JIS Z3 198-7 standard and the inspection according to IPC-A-610E standard.The results from reliability study indicate that the shear strength of the misalignment component of solder joints
indeed depends on the degree of chip component misalignment.For shift mode configuration in the range of 0-300µm,the resulted chip assembly inspection after the reflow process was in line with the IPC-A-610E standard.


Abstract Assortative mating occurs when individuals in a population mate non-randomly resulting in a correlation of traits between individuals in mating pairs. If selection acts on the same traits that are subject to assortative mating, this can lead to speciation and reproductive isolation. Alternatively, assortative mating can also lead to stabilizing selection due to mating disadvantages of extreme phenotypes. In this study, I quantified assortative mating strength within and between populations and species of two sympatric damselfly species (Calopteryx splendens and Calopteryx virgo) by correlating the male and female morphological characters in mated pairs. In addition, I investigated the relationship between assortative mating and sexual selection on the same traits for these two damselfly species. In both species, positive assortative mating was significantly more common than negative assortment (disassortative mating). Thorax width in both species showed the greatest assortative mating strength. There was no relationship between assortative mating strength and standardized linear selection or standardized quadratic selection, indicating that assortative mating and sexual selection are operating quite independently of each other on these traits. Assortative mating strength for C. splendens and C. virgo were concordant, and positive, suggesting that reproductive isolation arises through other mechanisms, unrelated to the intraspecific assortative mating that I studied here. The results suggest that assortment in both species might be based on individual quality or fitness, where high-quality males get access to and mate with high-quality females. (Less)


Summary If member States decide to circumvent their international legal obligations by acting through a military operation led by an international organisation, the institutional veil of which provides a shield against their responsibility for possible wrong-doings, an accountability gap can be identified. The contribution explores one of the possibilities for addressing this gap, the prohibition of circumvention, as enshrined in Art. 61 DARIO. The provision stipulates the possibility to hold the troop contributing States accountable. However, arguably the problems with international organization's accountability gap cannot be solved in most cases by holding the States responsible over the actions of the MMO. Problematic appears such solution against the necessity to satisfy the thresholds of intent to circumvent and causing the organization to act in certain way, as required by the principle enshrined in the Article 61 DARIO.


The study of the polynomial solutions of the generalized Lame differential equation gives rise to Stieltjes and Van Vleck polynomials. Marden has, under quite general conditions, established varied generalizations of the results proved earlier by Stieltjes, Van Vleck, Bocher, Klein, and, Polya, concerning the location of the zeros of such polynomials. We study the corresponding problem for yet another form of the generalized Lame differential equation and generalize some recent results due to Zaheer and to Alam. Furthermore, applications of our results to the standard form of this differential equation immediately furnish the corresponding theorems of Marden. Consequently, our main theorem of this paper may be considered as the most general result obtained thus far in this direction.


Contrary to the general belief that the references to astronomical phenomena alluded to during the conversation between Vy@sa and Dh=tar@&tra in the Bh$&maparvan of the epic Mah@bh@rata, are confusing and contradictory, it is clearly demonstrated that the description is very systematic and that the references to astronomical phenomena are quite consistent in the context of ill omens within the parvan and that the only true references to planetary positions are consistent with those in the udyogaparvan also.


Synchronization is one of the hardest tasks in parallel prog ramming. Traditional lock mechanisms are hard to use and error prone. Software Transac tional Memory(STM) provides an easy–to–use and scalable solution to this probl em. However, STM does not work well in the case that there are large shared data acce ss in the critical section. This project introduces the design and implementation of a n ew synchronization tool called Declarative Synchronization. It provides an easy–t o–use, composable, deadlock free but also high performance solution to the case that prog rammers need to access large chunk of shared data in the critical section. Declarat ive Synchronization shows better performance than STM, and competitive performance a s hand made fine-grained locks through the experiments. The technique would be a usef ul tool for synchronization in the scenario that programmers need to access large sh ar d data in the critical section.


Effect of cuprizone has been studied on some biochemical properties of megamitochondria obtained from the mouse liver. (1) Contents of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cu2+ in the blood or the liver homogenates were not altered by cuprizone‐intoxication, whereas those in liver mitochondria were significantly altered: after 3‐4 days'intoxication, content of Ca2+ was decreased and was remarkably increased after 14‐15 days'intoxication. Content of Mg2+ behaved contrarily. (2) Both cytochrome oxidase and ATPase activities were unchanged in the liver megamitochondria, but monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was significantly decreased. Value of I50 (50% inhibition) for MAO was determined to be 0.33 mM using the control liver mitochondria. Cuprizone had almost no effect on MAO activity of kidney or heart mitochondria both in vivo and in vitro. (3) The amount of lysolecithin was increased in the liver megamitochondria.


It is of great significance to improve students' machining ability and to avoid operational errors in NC machining training. The paper suggests some preventive measures by analyzing stadents' common errors in operating the NC lathe and NC Milling Machine.


Using nationwide data collected over the past 20 years, we aimed to investigate deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) outcomes to develop a unique risk model that can be used to establish a standard for organ acceptance in Japan.


Multifunctional electrode materials have been widely studied in recent years, owing to their various excellent performances. Herein, we report a nanocomposite film based on Dawson-type monolacunary polyoxotungtate K10P2W17O61 and TiO2 nanowires fabricated via hydrothermal and layer-by-layer self-assembly combination methods, in which the bifunctional combination of electrochromism energy storage was successfully realized. Compared to individual K10P2W17O61 thin films, the nanocomposite films showed outstanding electrochromic properties of high coloration efficiency (150.34 cm2 C−1 at 600 nm) and cyclic stability, and the volumetric capacitance of the composite film reaches 172.3 F cm−3 with a working voltage window of 1.77 V. The greater electrochemical properties could be due to the unique 3D structure of the TiO2 NW arrays, which provides a larger electrolyte contact area and a shorter ion diffusion pathway available for the redox reactions. Our study provides a new route to design bifunctional electrode materials with enhanced electrochromism and energy storage functions, making polyoxometalate-based electrode materials more attractive for practical applications.


Abstract : Integrated Weapon System Management (IWSM) is the management process and philosophy being implemented by the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) to manage AFMC's programs, product groups and materiel groups. The author reconstructs the technical, philosophical and historical genesis of IWSM then analyzes IWSMs usefulness in today's acquisition environment. Include are reviews of the advantages of IWSM, the challenges that remain in implementing IWSM and the applicability of IWSM for joint programs or in a joint acquisition command. Recommendations for improving IWSM and evaluation criteria for acquisition management systems are-provided.


Summary form only given, as follows. The growing gap between on-chip gates and off-chip I/O bandwidth is reaching crisis proportions, yet signaling system designers continue to use inefficient and inappropriate circuit techniques for many chip-to-chip interconnections. For example, most chip-to-chip interconnect still uses CMOS inverters as transmitters and receivers, even though it would be difficult to imagine more unfavorable components for a signaling system. Processor-to-memory and processor-to-processor communication systems are still almost universally built using physical buses, transmission lines with multiple loads attached along their length. Though logically simple and convenient, these structures impose fundamental limits on signal speed that preclude their use above about 1-2 Gbaud, exact a heavy price in power dissipation, and are very difficult to engineer. Some have suggested replacing electrical signaling with optical interconnect; however, converting between optical and electrical signals is still expensive, and in any case, electrical signaling is far from its theoretical limits. With reasonable assumptions, the wiring embedded in a typical circuit board has bisection bandwidth of order 10 s of Tbit/s. Recent advances in high-speed serial link techniques point the way to unlocking a substantial fraction of this bandwidth. In CMOS, 1-2 Gbit/s links are fairly common, experimental 4 Gb/sec links have been demonstrated, and speeds up to 20 Gbits/s appear quite feasible.


Poor Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is an issue of environmental health problems that cause headaches, fatigue, irritation of the eyes and skin. IAQ in hospital areas is a serious concern since there are many occupants i.e. patients, medical practitioners, and staffs. Furthermore, medical material, medicine, medical gases can cause the quality of air deteriorate. IAQ then requires to regularly check the service areas in order to maintain a good level of air quality. The instrument to measure IAQ is usually expensive. In this study, a low-cost device to measure IAQ was developed, it comprises of two main sensors: BME680 and CCS811. The device was capable of measuring and recording continuously which allows it to monitor air quality including Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), temperature and humidity. The device was employed to measure three service areas of a large-scale hospital in Nakhonnayok, Thailand: the waiting area, the emergency room, and the outpatient pharmacy. IAQs of these areas obtained from the developed device were all in the very bad level. It is possibly due to the influence of structural renovation, medical material, air conditioning, air ventilation, and the people occupied in the areas.


The Energy Losses and Ranges of magnetic monopoles with magnetic charges $1g_{D}$, $2g_{D}$, $3g_{D}$, $6g_{D}$ and $9g_{D}$ in Aluminum, Iron and in Copper are computed, in the different regimes of velocities. The Restricted Energy Losses of monopoles with magnetic charges $1g_{D}$, $2g_{D}$ and $3g_{D}$ in Nuclear Track Detector is also given.


The editorial board announced that this article has been retracted on September 12, 2016. If you have any further question, please contact us at: email@example.com.


The aim of the study was to collect existing speed data as comprehensively as possible from the road and street network considered most important in terms of traffic fatalities. The aim was also to determine the appropriate placement of speed measurements on streets and carry out small-scale speed measurements.The placement of speed measurements on streets was obtained from the literature and speed measurements, Speeds were measured on four main street pedestrian crossings and 50 metres before the crossings. The number of pedestrians using a pedestrian crossing was counted at a crossing. Speed data of cars driving directly on three main street sections Were collected from a previous study with GPS-based speed recording. Our studies suggest that pedestrian volume on a pedestrian crossing needs to be fairly substantial to affect the measured average speed of direct traffic flow. With a smaller pedestrian volume, the average speed of direct traffic is the same at a pedestrian crossing and on streets without crossings or intersections. However, other factors like turning vehicles or congestion may reduce the average speed at a crossing with small pedestrian volume. On this basis it is recommended that speed measurements in built-up areas be focused on streets without pedestrian crossings and intersections, as is the case at present. Speed data on the street network were received from four municipalities. On main streets and collector streets in city centres and apartment areas the mean speed was 3l km/h with speed limit 30 km/h, 39 km/h with speed limit 40 km/h, and 46 km/h with speed limit 50 km/h. In less populated areas mean speeds were somewhat higher. On the street network, 25-697o of vehicles were speeding, depending on the speed limit and street type.3-177 % of vehicles exceeded the speed limit by more than l0 km/h. Speed data on roads were collected from the Finnish Transport Agency's automatic measurement points. This data was comprehensive only on main roads, With speed limit 80 km/h the average speed was usually slightly higher than the speed limit; With speed limit 100 km/h it was lower. The average speed was slightly lower on busier roads and in more densely populated areas than on quiet roads in less populated areas. The average speed of free vehicles was I -2 km/h higher than that of all vehicles. An average of 527o of vehicles were speeding, I7 7o of vehicles exceeded the speed limit by more than l0 km/h, and 67o by more than 20 km/h. Driving speed is a key factor in traffic safety. Speed monitoring should be expanded and developed on main streets, collector streets, regional roads and collecting roads. This report may be found at http://www.lintu.info/KANTOTESTAUS.pdf


LB-Phos·HBF4 was used in the Suzuki coupling reaction of 2-bromoalken-3-ols with alkylboronic acids to give the coupling products in moderate to good yields. Substituents such as benzyl, phenyl, allyl, and alkyl are tolerated at the 1- and 3-positions of the 2-bromoalken-3-ols. The reactions of both primary and secondary alkylboronic acids proceed smoothly.


The N-O-bond cleavage of bicyclic Δ 4 -isoxazolines prepared from five-membered cyclic nitrones was studied. Proline-derived bicyclic isoxazolines furnished exclusively acylic nitrosoalkyl-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones upon treatment with m-CPBA. The nitroso compound 16 was characterized as stable diazo-dioxyde by X-ray analysis. For the N-O-bond cleavage of C3-H-substituted bicyclic Δ 4 -isoxazolines a Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 -promoted cleavage protocol in the presence of silanes furnishing enaminones is described.


Emulsification of various common oils was investigated using natural β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives as emulsifiers. An oil/water (O/W) emulsion was formed using β-CD, whereas a water/oil (W/O) emulsion was formed using tripropanoyl-β-CD and tributanoyl-β-CD derivatives. Triacetyl-β-CD gave rise to both O/W and W/O emulsions. The type of emulsion was governed by the contact angle (θow), which the precipitate of CD origin make with the oil-water interface.


When an ink drop traveling at relatively high velocity impinges on a flat surface such as paper, part of the drop breaks up into many very small droplets that are deposited at other points. If these droplets are relatively large, then visible splatter results. Various parameters (ink properties, drop velocity, drop volume, space between drops, etc.) are investigated to determine their effect upon splatter and hence print quality. Print samples were made while varying these parameters, and the resulting print quality was assessed. A simple relationship among the kinetic energy of the drops, the overlap between drops, and print quality based upon splatter is developed. This relationship can be used to establish design boundaries in an ink jet printer.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to answer a question raised by Stewart in 1964; we prove that the so-called splitting algorithm for Egyptian fractions based on the identity 1/ x = 1/( x + 1) + 1/ x ( x + 1) terminates.


Abstract Right and left testicular weights were obtained from immature and adult turkeys. The left testes were larger than the right in 90.9% of day old toms, in 94.3% of toms between the ages of 53–55 weeks and in 100.0% of toms 63–67 weeks of age. In all groups examined the mean left gonad weights were significantly larger than the right. In several individuals with larger right than left testes, the right was 3–4 times larger than the left.


This research crucially investigates COVID-19 variables' impacts on the changing distributions of travel and leisure industry returns across 65 countries via a quantile regression model that uses daily data from December 2019 to May 2020 to provide early evidences from a panel of countries. We find that the change rate in COVID-19 deaths exerts more substantial negative effects on industry returns at majority quantiles than does the impact from the number of confirmed cases. The latter number only saliently and negatively influences the lowest return quantiles, revealing a nonlinear effect of confirmed cases. The study identifies a V-shape correlation between the number of cases recovered and travel and leisure industry returns (i.e. a negative impact at the lower quantiles, but a positive impact at higher quantiles) across return quantiles. This likely denotes that confirmed cases grow exponentially and that their effect may overwhelm the impact of the number of recovered cases. Lastly, this study presents a positive correlation between government response stringency index and returns.


Oral English textbooks,teachers and classroom teaching are the three connected sectors in oral English teaching.With the impact of the localization of English,oral English text books and oral English teachers should be locally adjusted.And the beneficial ingredients in traditional English teaching methods should also be integrated into oral English classroom teaching.


The primary purpose of this paper has been to conduct a preliminary examination into the existence of, and the extent of activity of Asian street gangs and Asian organized Crime in the city of Chicago. Information was acquired through field study, personal interviews, direct observation, official reports, and government documents. The author has defined and distinguished between criminal gangs and organized crime groups. Links between Asian street gangs and Asian organized criminal groups in Chicago have been examined. In addition, relationships between Asian criminal groups in Chicago, other U.S. cities, and international crime groups have been highlighted. Suggestions directed toward more effective investigation procedures and policy decisions have been recommended.


A number of studies of traditional fuel supply and demand in rural areas of developing countries have been undertaken, but little has been done to make comparable studies for urban populations. This paper reports on two studies undertaken on fuelwood supplies, their transporation and distribution and utilization in the Indian cities of Bangalore and Hyderabad.

Substantial amounts of fuelwood—200 000 tonnes in Hyderabad and 450 000 tonnes in Bangalore—are consumed. Seventy-eight percent of the fuelwood is consumed by households where it is a major source of energy for cooking and heating for low income families. While the researchers did not visit the forest areas which are the source of fuelwood, the quantity consumed is so large as to indicate that deforestation is possibly severe. Recommendations are made to deal with the problem.


Many point-to-point communication problems are relatively well understood in the literature. For example, in addition to knowing what the capacity of a point-to-point channel is, we also know how to construct codes that will come arbitrarily close to the capacity of these channels. However, we know very little about networks. For example, we do not know the capacity of the two-way relay channel which consists of only three transmitters. The situation is not so different in the wired networks except special cases like multicasting. To understand networks better, in this thesis we study network coding which is considered to be a promising technique since the time it was shown to achieve the single-source multicast capacity. First we design and analyze deterministic and random network coding schemes for a cooperative communication setup with multiple sources and destinations. We show that our schemes outperform conventional cooperation in terms of the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). Specifically, it can offer the maximum diversity order at the expense of a slightly reduced multiplexing rate. We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions to achieve the maximum diversity order. We show that when the parity-check matrix for a systematic maximum distance separable (MDS) code is used as the network coding matrix, the maximum diversity is achieved. We present two ways to generate full-diversity network coding matrices: namely using the Cauchy matrices and the Vandermonde matrices. We also analyze a selection relaying scheme and prove that a multiplicative diversity order is possible with enough number of relay selection rounds. In addition to the above scheme for wireless networks, we also study wired networks, and apply network coding together with interference alignment. We consider networks with K source nodes and J destination nodes with arbitrary message demands. We first consider a


The location and instrumentation of the surface flux network is summarised, with the emphasis on the instrumentation provided through AMMA-EU and AMMA-UK funding. This network is a mixture of full C02/H20lEnergy eddy correlation systems and Sensible heat flux/momentum eddy correlation systems, both systems augmented by surface radiation, micrometeorological and soil physics instrumentation. These are deployed at the AMMA supersites to fully sample the latitudinal rainfall gradient and seasonality and the typical vegetated surfaces within that gradient.


Editors' Note: Commenting on "Autism and epilepsy: A population-based nationwide cohort study," Dr. Sethi expresses the difficulty in determining what comes first, the epilepsy or the autism, in children who have both. Sundelin et al., authors of the study, agree that the association may be due to a shared mechanism. There are different factors that come into play, such as cultural differences, genetics, and children's survival. They suggest a study that compares incidence of autism among individuals with epilepsy in different countries and those of the same ethnicity now living in the United States. In response to "CSF concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in a cohort of young children with autism," Dr. Barrett questions the definition of low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) in the study and points out different results with different normative data. Dr. Shoffner, an author of the study, explains that they assessed CSF 5-MTHF over time. The latter varied significantly but was not associated with any measures of adaptive behavior, cognitive ability, or autism spectrum disorder symptom severity. —Chafic Karam, MD, and Robert C. Griggs, MD


Abstract This paper seeks to address some of the limitations in previous statistical forecast models of tropical cyclogenesis through the development of a series of Poisson regression models on a 2° latitude × 5° longitude spatial grid and a monthly grid in time. The "Gray" parameters [low-level relative vorticity, vertical wind shear parameter, ocean thermal energy, (saturated) equivalent potential temperature gradient, and middle-troposphere humidity] were analyzed as potential predictors of tropical cyclogenesis for the Australian–southwest Pacific Ocean region. Various predictor lead times of up to 5 months were investigated, with the most significant Poisson regression models being cross validated, and the skill of their hindcasts evaluated. The Poisson regression model incorporating a combination of saturated equivalent potential temperature gradients at various leads was found to be the most skillful in hindcasting the temporal (phase and amplitude) variability of tropical cyclogenesis for the Aust...


This study examines the characteristics associated with individuals who tend to have a regular life insurance agent (and rely on that agent in their insurance purchasing decisions) versus those that do not. The findings are presented through a discriminant approach. The results suggest that life insurance consumers who have an agent on whom they rely (in life insurance purchasing decisions) tend to have larger amounts of life insurance, consider insurance to be very important, are younger, tend to be female, are concerned with their health, are not opinion leaders, and are single.


In recent years Azerbaydzhan ge ologists have determined several systematic variations in the hydrocarbon composition of the light fractions of oils within individual pools and have noted that in pools of the zone of catagenesis an increase should b expected in the content of paraffin hydrocarbons from the lower part of a stratum to a higher part and that this effe ct should be more pronounced where a gas cap is present. Parallel with this, the content of naphthene hydrocarbons increases with depth. In order to check these findings, 12 samples of oil from flowing wells on horizon VII of the Sangachaly-more-Duvannyy-more-Bulla Island field were analyzed. The configuration of this structure is illustrated in Fig. I.


For the past two hundred years the role of the tragic chorus as a collective performer of the dance-song in the orchestra has been viewed against the background of tragedy's distant ritual origins, which remain elusive even now. Scholars concerned with the origins of tragedy construct hypothetical rituals, which they impose upon, or draw from, extant plays. More recently, however, the concept of ritual continuity and of the chorus as a replica of its remote ritual ancestors has been challenged : the majority of contemporary critics situates the tragic chorus in the concrete framework of the polis religion, actual cult, and the festival of Dionysos Eleuthereus that provided the cultic setting for dramatic contests in Athens. These interpreters are generally attentive to the integrity of the poetic creation, but by emphasizing tragedy's cultic context they, too, tend to connect the tragic chorus with ritual events outside a particular play's imaginative realm and dramatic action. I propose to redirect our attention from the external cultic setting of the theater of Dionysos in Athens and the Dionysiac festival within which the tragedies were performed to the internal representation of specific gods and rituals manifest in the choral dance-songs of actual plays. I am especially concerned with choruses that refer to their own dancing while locating their performances self-consciously within the particular tragedy's dramatic context and ritual ambience. When choruses engage in self-referentiality, their collective dramatic character becomes subsumed as they perceive and present their dancing as an emotional reaction to the events on stage. The chorus assume a ritual posture that functions as a link between their own choral performance and the dramatically constructed rituals performed within the realm of the action. Far from breaking the dramatic illusion, as has often been claimed, such choruses draw their audiences into a more integrated theatrical experience, in which the choral performance in the orchestra merges with the more imaginary performances of polytheism that take place in the course of each play. All three tragedians employ the device of choral self-reference, but the frequency with which they do so varies a great deal, as does their handling of it. While extremely rare in the extant plays of Aischylos, the phenomenon occurs in four of Sophokles' seven surviving plays1. In the second stasimon of the Aias, for instance, the Salaminian sailors who form the chorus signal their enthusiasm for the dance " N o w I am


The molecular weight pattern and the stage-specific activities of chitinases from the blowfly Lucilia cuprina, the tick Boophilus microplus and the intestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus were examined. Chitinolytic enzymes could be detected in all parasite species tested, but the activity was different between the stages. Highest chitinolytic titers were found in blowfly pupae (83 kDa, 118 kDa), hatching larvae of ticks (58 kDa, 94 kDa) and nematode eggs (43 kDa). Leaves from ethylene-treated bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris expressed two basic Class I chitinases (Ia, Ib) of 34 kDa, differing in their amino acid sequences at residue 33 and 34 (Ia : glycine, proline ; Ib : lysine, aspartic acid). Inhibitor studies with blowfly pupae revealed that allosamidin (IC 50 = 0.32 (±0.02) μM) was by far the best inhibitor when compared with various amino sugar derivatives. This compound also inhibited chitinases from tick larvae (IC 50 = 0.69(±0.10) μM) and nematode eggs (IC 50 = 0.048(±0.0045) μM) specifically. Whereas Class Ia chitinase from bean leaves was inhibited only up to 18% by 10 μM allosamidin, it had an IC 50 of 1(±0.14) μM for the Ib type, which is the first plant chitinase described to be highly sensitive to allosamidin.


The interplay between strong Coulomb interactions and disorder is believed to be responsible for many surprising and intriguing experimental observations that suggest the existence of a metallic phase in two dimensions (2D) [1]. One of the central unresolved issues involves the role of the electrons' spins. Our studies of low-frequency resistance noise [2,3] in a 2D electron system (2DES) in Si have revealed a dramatic change in the electron dynamics that occurs near the metal-insulator transition (MIT) as it is approached from the metallic side. This change in the dynamics, attributed to glassy freezing, persists even when the electrons are fully spin polarized indicating that charge, not spin, degrees of freedom are responsible for glassy ordering. On the other hand, the origin of the 1/f resistance noise observed in the metallic phase has not been understood. In disordered metals at low temperatures, slow atomic motion gives rise to 1/f noise via the mechanism of universal conductance fluctuations (UCF) [4]. Such noise is suppressed by a magnetic field B in a very specific way [5]. In order to shed light on the origin of noise in the metallic phase, we have studied the effect of a parallel B on noise, and compared our results to theoretical predictions [5].


The COVID-19 pandemic was greatest crisis humankind has witnessed in recent past. This crisis has forced the government across the world to in force lockdown. The Indian government followed the same step and took hardest decision of lockdown in whole India. All economic activities was stopped.In this work, the effect of lockdown on the usages of energy and its pattern is analyzed for Indian. This potential shift in energy usage and supply has generated different scenarios, which can be effectively utilized and can provides a key input to policymakers and stakeholders to cope up further on pollution is also analyzed for the same period.


In recent years, China's logistics information construction has been speeded up. Regional logistics information platform plays an enormous role in enhancing enterprises' processing capability of logistics information, quickening up responses to market, extending services, improving logistic efficiency and reducing logistic cost. By increased influences, regional logistics information platform has benefited government agencies, logistics companies, logistics customers and related industries. And based on such influences, this article builds models to analyze these influences by quantification, with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, in order to intuit the effect of the influence and its scale.


How to measure effectiveness of a psychological intervention? Lessons learnt from a Feasibility Design, testing a case formulation tool for individuals who have engaged in online child sexual exploitation behaviour


The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV infected individuals has declined since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s. The patient, a 34 year old white homosexual man, presented with …


As described by Environment and Climate Change Canada,[1] the Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations, 2012 developed under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 are "a multi-substance risk management instrument used to prohibit the manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale or import of certain toxic substances and products containing these substances with a (limited) number of exemptions." The substances currently prohibited by these regulations have been declared toxic to the environment and/or human health; are generally persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or inherently toxic as per the Act; and tend to be used in industrial applications. The Regulations are amended from time to time to add substances for which prohibition has been deemed appropriate, or to amend existing controls when necessary.

Compliance with the requirements of the Regulations is mandatory and the provisions apply to every person or company in Canada, unless otherwise noted. This article summarizes the prohibitions, exemptions, and key features of the Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations, 2012, including permitting provisions, reporting and record-keeping, as well as considerations for compliance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


The COVID-19 pandemic has motivated a resurgence in the use of phenomenological growth models for predicting the early dynamics of infectious diseases. These models assume that time is a continuous variable, whereas in the present contribution the discrete versions of Gompertz and Generalized Logistic models are used for early monitoring and short-term forecasting of the spread of an epidemic in a region. The time-continuous models are represented mathematically by first-order differential equations, while their discrete versions are represented by first-order difference equations that involve parameters that should be estimated prior to forecasting. The methodology for estimating such parameters is described in detail. Real data of COVID-19 infection in Cuba is used to illustrate this methodology. The proposed methodology was implemented for the first thirty-five days and was used to predict accurately the data reported for the following twenty days.


Ensemble learning is a powerful tool that has shown promise when applied towards bioinformatics datasets. In particular, the Random Forest classifier has been an effective and popular algorithm due to its relatively good classification performance and its ease of use. However, Random Forest does not account for class imbalance which is known for decreasing classification performance and increasing bias towards the majority class. In this study, we seek to determine if the inclusion of data sampling will improve the performance of the Random Forest classifier. In order to test the effect of data sampling, we used Random Undersampling along with two post-sampling class distribution ratios: 35:65 and 50:50 (minority:majority). Additionally, we also built inductive models with Random Forest when no data sampling technique was applied, so we can observe the true effect of the data sampling. All three options were tested on a series of fifteen imbalanced bioinformatics datasets. Our results show that data sampling does improve the classification performance of Random Forest, especially when using the 50:50 post-sampling class distribution ratio. However, statistical analysis shows that the increase in performance is not statistically significant. Thus, we can state that while data sampling does improve the classification performance of Random Forest, it is not a necessary step as the classifier is fairly robust to imbalanced data on its own.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of percutaneous fixation with long-tail folded U-shaped hollow pedicle screw system on thoracolumbar fracture. Methods 50 cases with thoracolumbar fracture admitted in our hospital from May 2012 to July2014 were selected as the subjects and divided into the control group and the study group with 25 cases in each in accordance with the order of admission. The control group was treated by conventional open pedicle screw fixation, while the study group was treated by percutaneous fixation with long-tail folded U-shaped hollow pedicle screw system. And the clinical therapeutic effect was compared between the two groups. Results In the study group treated by fixation with long-tail folded U-shaped hollow pedicle screw system, the duration of operation was(85.25 ±14.75)min, intraoperative blood loss was(115.55 ±16.45) ml, postoperative drainage volume was(102.55±18.75) ml, length of incision was(6.50±2.50) cm, while in the control group, that was(112.30 ±18.80)min,(175.70±75.50)ml,(165.55±30.50)ml,(13.55±1.45)cm, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion Percutaneous fixation with long-tail folded U-shaped hollow pedicle screw system has small wound, simple operation, definite curative effect and other characteristics, so it is worthy to be popularized in the future clinical work.


The population figures used in this study are based on information provided by the records of the Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews of New York. All material bearing on such matters as national origin, citizenship, and length of residence in the United States of the residents of the Home was derived from the records of its Social Service Department. These data are to be found in the preceding section of this study. The remaining data were derived from the records of the Medical and Psychiatric Departments. The population of the Home is fluid. There are permanent withdrawals (residents leave of their own volition, or may be sent to Bellevue Psychiatric Division); there are temporary withdrawals (residents may leave for vacation or may be sent to nearby hospitals for indicated surgery); there are new entrants; and there are deaths among the residents. The census of two different departments at the Home may vary widely at any given time. For example, if on May 1 there are 20 residents on temporary leave, the Medical Department census will show 20 fewer people present in the Home, whereas the Social Service census will not deduct these 20 people from the total population.


The "What is New" in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) lecture will provide a comprehensive update on the new developments in SS research in the preceding 12 months. The update will include work that has been published in peer-review journals and selected abstracts from major conferences including the EULAR 2015. The lecture will be broadly divided into 3 main themes. 1. Scientific advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of SS and SS-associated lymphoma. 2. Advances in clinical research in SS including outcome measures and registries. 3. Data from clinical trials of novel therapies in SS. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Based on 25 years of involvement, the author evaluates the generic characteristics of future studies, their usefulness, and pitfalls, with special reference to the perspectives of JHP readers. Future studies are necessarily based on no reliable theory of social change, no definitive historical referents, and on the inherent ambiguities of language. Psychological and cultural factors also shape content. Therefore they are ontologically and epistemologically questionable. Nevertheless they are imperative contributions to thinking about the directions of our turbulent world. Functionally, future studies are stories, and they do and should contribute to understanding in that spirit. Incentives and disincentives for their use are described as well as the kinds of morals to be drawn from them regarding their message and regarding appropriate comportment for the users and producers of these stories. Well done, future studies demand great methodological sophistication as well as insight into one's motives for using and producing them.


A comparison of different separation methods (high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary HPLC (CHPLC) and pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC)) coupled on‐line with mass spectrometry (MS) is undertaken using the separation of a crude extract of ergot fungus (secalis cornuti) as an example. New and simple setups for a two‐dimensional CHPLC coupled on‐line with electrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS (2D‐CHPLC‐MS) as well as for capillary size‐exclusion chromatography performed under pCEC conditions and coupled on‐line with ESI‐MS (CSEC‐pCEC‐MS) are shown. In addition, an improved method for column packing is presented.


A LIPS tape of long grain rice shaped iron particles (length: 0.1 microns, aspect ratio: 5/1, Hc: 1.4 kOe) was prepared. The previous orienting field for LIPS was improved as follows intending enough orientation without surface roughening: 1) a perpendicular orienting field distribution consisting of a narrow and intense field and a following wide and weak field, 2) DC field (instead of 50 Hz AC). Its wavelength response measured with 8mm VCR Sendust head shows high output in addition to the LIPS's high density and wide band characteristics.


Happiness, like other basic emotions, has visual properties that create the conditions for happiness to be perceived in others. This is to say that happiness is perceivable. Its visual properties are to be identified with those facial expressions that are characteristic of happiness. Yet saying that something is perceivable does not suffice for us to conclude that it is perceived. We therefore need to show that happiness is perceived. Empirical evidence suggests that the visual system functions to perceive happiness as well as other basic emotions. Experiences that can be had simply by virtue of how the perceptual system functions are known as observations. I will thus argue that visual experiences in which we become aware of others' happiness are observations. This approach will provide the necessary conceptual framework to show that we have perceptual knowledge of others' happiness.


Language learners' errors are often seen as a vital resource for understanding their learning process. However, error diagnosis can be a big challenge for language teachers, especially in second language learning contexts when there are discrepancies between the prescribed standard and prevailing uses. This article explores Singaporean students' Chinese language (CL) learning "errors" with an aim to understanding their difficulties in error diagnosis and correction, and proposing possible solutions to this practical problem in CL instruction. The students' language outputs have many deviations in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar vis-à-vis the Putonghua standards, yet the lack of a clearly stated standard at the official level leads to a dilemma for CL teachers in the management of such variations. It is suggested that in Singapore's language environment, the localised usages be tolerated rather than be treated as errors to be corrected, so as to minimise the perception/practice gap.


and verbal, and the descriptive detail of its scholarly essays create an illusion of projecting the reader into Behrens's time and encourage independent evaluation of the AEG experiment. An adequate index and an exhaustive bibliography of primary and secondary sources complement a book that is designed and printed in a manner handsomely appropriate to its subject. Buddensieg and his associates succeed in portraying Behrens as a designer and architect whose work holds significance for the history of twentieth-century art, business, and technology.


This work is to study the integrated dynamic modeling for a Stewart platform from the control point of view. A general Stewart platform is composed of moving platform, fixed platform, connecting rod (actuator) and joint hinge. The kinematic inverse solution can accurately reflect the relationship between the connecting rod length and the position and orientation of the moving platform. As a highlight, this approach takes into account the moving platform's mechanical model and the actuator's electrical model respectively. We can apply the Newton-Euler method to the moving platform's force analysis to obtain the dynamic mechanical model. In this paper, the voice coil motor is chosen as the actuator due to its advantages of fast response, frequency bandwidth, and mature technology. According to the Jacobian matrix, which can describe the transmission of joints, we connect the actuator's electrical model to the mechanical model of the moving platform. In this way, the singularity of the parallel mechanism could be judged by the controllability of the integrated model. The integrated modeling not only establishes a direct connection between the control input and the task-space, but gives the way of singularity discrimination from the control point of view.


Background on the philosophy of naturopathic medicine and the six principles basic to its practice are presented. Naturopathic medical education is discussed with examples of the didactic and clinical curriculum at Southwest College of Naturo pathic Medicine and Health Sciences, located in Tempe, Arizona. The range of therapeutic modalities included in naturopathic medicine and integrative clinical training are discussed.


FUNDAMENTALS. Designing and Building a Windows Application with Class. Making a Scene. Color. Handling Images. Entering the Third Dimension. Handling Shapes. IMAGE COMPOSITING TOOLS. Creating Cutouts. Image Warping. Alpha-Blending. Hidden Surface Removal. Creating Photo-Based Animation. Putting it All Together: Scene Generation. APPLICATIONS. Morphing and Other Applications. Appendices.


So far, the studies of the constitutive equation of bubbly oil have been limited to extremely low shear rate range, and the influence of the temperature has not been considered as well. The bubbly oil preparation device is set up, and the analytical technique based on image processing to characterize bubble content is proposed. The rheological performance of bubbly oil is then tested with Physica MCR 101 rotating rheological instrument within a wider range of shear rate under different temperature and bubble content.The influences of shear rate, temperature and bubble content on the rheological performance of bubbly oil are studied. A novel viscosity model and constitutive equation of CD15W/40 are developed, which can be applied to the situations with various shear rates and temperatures. The results show that at the same shear rate, the features of shear thinning of the bubbly oil are weakened as the temperature rises, while they are strengthened with the bubble content increasing. The influence of bubble content on the viscosity of bubbly oil is dependent on the shear rate. As the bubble content increases, the viscosity increases under lower shear rate,while the viscosity decreases under higher shear rate.


Pensions are essentially the only source of income for many retired workers. It is thus critical that the pension fund manager chooses the right type of plan for his/her workers. Every pension scheme follows its own set of rules when calculating the benefits of the fund's members at retirement. Whichever plan the manager chooses for the members, he/she will have to invest their contributions in the financial market. The manager is therefore faced with the daunting task of selecting the most appropriate investment strategy as to maximize the returns from the financial assets. Due to the volatile nature of stock markets, some pension companies have attached minimum guarantees to pension contracts. These guarantees come at a price, but ensure that the member does not suffer a loss due to poorly performing equities. In this thesis we study four types of mathematical problems in pension fund management, of which three are essentially optimization problems. Firstly, following Blake [5], we show in a discrete time setting how to decompose a pension benefit into a combination of European options. We also model the pension plan preferences of workers, sponsors and fund managers. We make a number of contributions additional to the paper by Blake [5]. In particular, we contribute graphic illustrations of the expected values of the pension fund assets, liabilities and the actuarial surplus processes. In more detail than in the original source, we derive the variance of the assets of a defined benefit pension plan. Secondly, we dedicate Chapter 6 to the problem of minimizing the cost of a minimum guarantee included in defined contribution (DC) pension contracts. Here we work in discrete time and consider multi-period guarantees similar to those in Hipp [25]. This entire chapter v is original work. Using a standard optimization method, we propose a strategy that calculates an optimal sequence of guarantees that minimizes the sum of the squares of the present value of the total price of the guarantee. Graphic illustrations are included to indicate the minimum value and corresponding optimal sequence of guarantees. Thirdly, we derive an optimal investment strategy for a defined contribution fund with three financial assets in the presence of a minimum guarantee. We work in a continuous time setting and in particular contribute simulations of the dynamics of the short interest rate process and the assets in the financial market of Deelstra et al. [19]. We also derive an optimal investment strategy of the surplus process introduced in Deelstra et al. [19]. The results regarding the surplus are then converted to consider the actual investment portfolio pertaining to the wealth of the fund. We note that the aforementioned paper does not use optimal control theory. In order to illustrate the method of stochastic optimal control, we study a fourth problem by including a discussion of the paper by Devolder et al. [21] in Chapter 3. We enhance the work in the latter paper by including some simulations. The specific portfolio management strategies are applicable to banking as well (and is being pursued independently). JEL Classification: G11; G23; C61 2000 AMS Subject Classification: 91B28


Context-based paring is a promising direction for pairing IoT devices constrained in user interfaces (UIs). However, it takes a proximate distance or a long time for IoT devices to sense highly correlated context with enough entropy. In this work, we present a fast and secure approach, named MPairing, to pairing multiple commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) IoT devices. This approach is based on the key idea that devices co-located within a physically-secure boundary can perceive qualified context under the help of human-in-the-loop (HITL). Specifically, we leverage received-signal-strength (RSS) trajectory data with manually-generated interference in a short period as the shared secret to achieve fast and secure pairing. Subsequently, the real-time RSS trajectory data is utilized to generate random numbers in lieu of pre-shared key (PSK), which makes our scheme more resistant to background attacks. We theoretically prove the security of our pairing scheme and implement it in real-world environments. Our experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can effectively defend against malicious devices by imposing a threshold on the similarity of RSS trajectory data. The experimental results also show that, compared with the traditional context-based pairing that takes up to 24 hours, in our scheme it takes only 10 seconds on average for a legitimate device to pass the similarity checking, which is efficient and robust.


This paper is a theoretical reflection research with a hermeneutical nature, since interpretation is intended, though has no rigorous intention of being a classic essay. The research is Heuristic because is on a historical source in order to contribute to the enhancement of didactics. Throughout one of Lucilio de Seneca epistles reading, teaching discourse reflection embracing some main features, such as exposition's clarity and rhythm, contents and listening auditorium considerations. Teaching competency must maintain this excellence if successful teaching is desired. Lacks of formation of Pedagogic and Education Schools have oscillated in transmitting instrument preparation, more than their specific instructional sciences erudition.


The health of newborns has always been subject to the natural lottery. When in the past a severely disabled baby was born, nature provided the "solution," and the child did not survive. Medical technology has brought about a change; fetuses who would have died during pregnancy or newborns who once would have had little chance to survive are now kept alive. Although these technological advances do benefit many children, the dark side is that more severely handicapped babies are surviving. When a severely disabled baby is born, all persons concerned are faced with emotional difficulties as well as moral and legal dilemmas. Questions that arise include whether it is acceptable, morally and legally, to allow the severely handicapped newborn to die by forgoing treatment or by direct intervention.


Objective: Assessment and analysis of factors affecting the export of Uzbekistan and the creation of an online trade platform for the delivery of exported goods. Methods: Methods of system analysis, the diagram of the analysis of root causes when exporting goods are applied. Results: The structure of export and trade relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the countries of the world has been constructed. The factors affecting the export from Uzbekistan are analyzed and evaluated, the "Ishikawa" diagrams are drawn. A target function and an online trade platform for the delivery of exported goods have been developed. Practical importance: The considered root analyzes and the identified factors affecting exports from Uzbekistan, as well as the proposed online trade platform for the delivery of exported goods, make it possible to increase the export of agricultural and textile goods by 20 % or more, as well as to increase the republic's exports to the level of imports with a decrease in the balance between export and import.


This essay highlights my evolving perspectives and views about law enforcement and criminal justice, and how they have been shaped since becoming an undergraduate college student. I detail my awakening from a naive patrol officer then sergeant, both on the job, and onto my pursuit of a college degree. I discuss the profound impact unquestioned myths can have on individual and collective viewpoints. I acknowledge the importance of higher education and critical thinking for those who pursue true justice. I further acknowledge the role of the educator to challenge and empower students not only to question their worldview, but to work for and welcome change. Only then can a more equitable future be realized for all.


The process of lipolysis is a very complicated coordinated metabolism process that deals with the lipid droplets stored in cells.ATGL(adipose triglyceride lipase) is an important enzymes to catalyze the triglyceride and it plays an important role in fat metabolism.Through the literature interview,this paper does research on the development of the biological function of lipid droplets,the impact of the lack of ATGL,lipolysis and ATGL adjustment and exercise training to ATGL.The results displays that ATGL is the key enzyme in lipolysis.Exercise training especially endurance exercise can promote the increase of ATGL in organism and lipid metabolism.


Livelihoods of the rural households in the developing regions are still dependent on farm and off-farm economic activities and this approach emerged from a range of efforts to understand that how the people survive in a particular area. Empirical research conducted on this subject give diverse results in this respect. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the livelihood sources and the level of participation of the rural household in various economic activities and their contribution towards the households' income in northern parts of Pakistan. Primary data was collected through random sampling methods from 323 household's head. Findings of the study reveal that the rural people are engaged in multiple economic activities including both farm (crop, livestock, forestry, rent land, agriculture wages, hiring out farm machinery, fodder and sale of fruits and vegetables) and off-farm (small-scale businesses, services, foreign and domestic remittances, and off farm wages) for their survival. The lion share of contribution towards household's income from farm livelihood sources was the income from crops and livestock. In non-farm economic activities public/private sector employment was the major source of non-farm source of livelihood for the rural households in the research area. The average annual income per household from crops was Rs. 65,340, followed by income from forests and livestock respectively. On average, households were earning Rs. 4,33,390 per annum from these sources. The study concludes that the farm sources of income contribute more to the livelihood of the rural people than the non-farm sources of income and hence having play crucial role in the reduction of poverty. The study recommends preservation and a sustainable use of the farm resources so that to overcome the problems faced by the future generation and the creation of more nonfarm activities for sustainable livelihood.


We study the full counting statistics for multi-terminal quantum dots. We show that the microscopic reversibility naturally results in a symmetry of the cumulant generating function, which generalizes the fluctuation theorem in the context of the coherent quantum transport. Using this symmetry, we derive the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the Onsager-Casimir relation in the linear transport regime and the universal relations among nonlinear transport coefficients.


This study assessed the preparedness and willingness of faculty at a land grant university to conduct outreach to youth about science. Using a mixed-methods design, faculty were aware of some components of effective youth outreach, but fail to acknowledge the importance of other critical pieces such as linking outreach to educational standards. This study has implications for higher education administrators, particularly those who perceive our universities as a resource for addressing the low science achievement in the United States.


Abstract The influence of an ac electric field on the helical pitch in ferroelectric liquid crystal DOBAMBC has been investigated in a broad range of frequency. The role of the permanent polarization and dielectric anisotropy in the helix unwinding process were studied. The formation of a periodic domain structure under influence of ac electric field was observed. The period of this structure decreases with increasing ac electric field frequency. The possible mechanisms leading to the observed periodic domain structure and its behavior in ac electric field are discussed. The experimental results are compared with predictions of the Dmitrienko-Belyakov and Martinot-Lagarde models.


Microelectromechanical systems or MEMS are miniature devices that have several advantages over conventional sensing and actuating technology. MEMS devices benefit form well developed integrated circuit production methods which ensure high volume, high yield processes that create low-cost sensors and actuators. OPtical fiber interconnected MEMS will provide new functionality in MEMS devices such as multiplexed operation for distributed sensing applications. This paper presents approaches in optical fiber to MEMS interfacing and some preliminary results.


Seafood product is an important commodity in the global trade market, however, seafood fraud has been increasingly reported. Therefore, a method to specifically identify species of seafood products is needed. DNA methods gain many interests for detection of seafood fraud due to its robustness. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of several methods for isolation of DNA from fresh and processed seafood. The DNA isolation methods used in this study were the CTAB DNAzol, TianGen, Qiagen, and Fasmac.. DNA concentration and purity were determinedusing nanodrop spectrofotometry and electrophoresis. DNA isolation showed that the DNA concentration of fresh seafood products was higher than the processed seafood products. DNA isolation using CTAB method have higher levels of DNA purity (1.60-2.00) than using commercial kits in all samples. The commercial kits offer a simple procedure and minimize the possibility of environmental contaminants.


Several scientific studies have revealed that ingestion of some enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins, namely, mixtures of peptides, produces various beneficial activities beyond basic nutritional values. Moderation of hypertension and hyperlipidemia is considered as one of these beneficial effects. The emerging market for nutraceuticals and functional foods is stimulating the production of enzymatic hydrolysates of milk, animal, fish, egg, and plant proteins on an industrial scale. Growing worldwide interest in biodiesel and bioethanol production have encouraged consideration of possible added value to be obtained from the by-products arising from their manufacture. The production of bioactive peptide fractions from protein by-products is one attractive approach. The identification of an active peptide from a mixture of peptides is the initial step required in determining its potential health beneficial properties. In most cases, the active peptides are tentatively identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and in vitro assays using enzyme and cell culture systems. Unlike many other functional substances, however, peptides are susceptible to degradation during the process of digestion and lose their desired activity. Therefore, the beneficial effects determined in vitro cannot be directly linked to those present following digestion. The potential activity of the peptides must be evaluated through feeding experiments. Although liquid chromatography (LC) is the most powerful tool for isolation of peptides, it is a relatively expensive system for large-scale preparations, especially for the first purification step. In addition, some solvents frequently used in LC, such as methanol, acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid are harmful, but peptide fractions obtained with low selective techniques such as filtration have been used for feeding experiments. Nonetheless, a large-scale, low-cost, and biocompatible procedure for peptide fractionation is needed.


The Chinese traditional mediation system is a kind of "local knowledge" which rooted in Chinese traditional society.It is the best pursuit of Chinese traditional"No lawsuits"culture.The Chinese traditional society about acquaintanceship have no alternative to use the Chinese traditional mediation system.It is the rational choice for Chinese traditional rule of the order.Achieving the ideal about the rule of law must be deeply dependent on the excavation and sublimation about Chinese traditional mediation system.


Scientific Opinion the modification of the authorisation of a health claim related to plant sterol esters and lowering blood LDL-cholesterol; high LDL-cholesterol a risk factor in the development of (coronary) LDL-cholesterol concentrations by "5.4-8.1 %" after six weeks of daily consumption. Plant sterol esters are sufficiently characterised. Lowering blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations is a beneficial physiological effect and elevated blood LDL-cholesterol concentration is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. The target population is subjects who need and want to lower their blood cholesterol. In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that only one human intervention study showed a reduction in blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations after six weeks of consuming 2 g/day of plant sterol esters in powder, the large uncertainty surrounding the estimates of this effect, and that the results of that study have not been replicated in other studies. The Panel reiterates its previous conclusion that, while plant sterols added to foods such as margarine-type spreads, mayonnaise, salad dressings, and dairy products have been shown consistently to lower blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations in a large number of studies, the effective dose of plant sterols (as powder diluted in water) needed to achieve a given magnitude of effect in a given timeframe cannot be established with the data provided. Differences between each intervention group and placebo regarding changes in LDL-c concentrations during the study were assessed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for baseline LDL-c concentrations (primary analysis). An explanatory analysis comparing the 2 g/day vs. the 2.4 g/day group was also planned by using the same model as for the primary analysis. Results were given as mean differences ± SD and 95 % CI.


Based on the basic theory and critical point theory of variable exponential Lebesgue Sobolev space, this paper investigates the existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of nonlocal elliptic equations with Navier boundary value conditions when (AR) condition does not hold and improves or generalizes the original conclusions.


The isolation and amino acid sequence of substance P from horse intestine is reported. The sequence, H-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 is identical with the sequence reported for substance P isolated from bovine hypothalami.


This paper represents the effects of drain bias on the linearity and efficiency of an analog pre-distortion power amplifier(PA) for wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA) repeater applications. For verification, an analog predistorter(APD) with three-branch nonlinear paths for memory-effect compensation is implemented and a class-AB PA is fabricated using a 30-W Si LDMOS. From the measured results, at an average output power of 33 ㏈m(10-㏈ back-off power), the PA with APD shows the adjacent channel leakage ratio(ACLR, ±5 ㎒ offset) of below ?45.1 ㏈c, with a drain efficiency of 24 % at the drain bias voltage(VDD) of 18 V. This compared an ACLR of ?36.7 ㏈c and drain efficiency of 14.1 % at the VDD of 28 V for a PA without APD.


This paper has presented the relation of scaling theory and threshold voltage of double gate(DG) MOSFET. In the case of conventional MOSFET, current and switching frequency have been analyzed based on scaling theory. To observe the possibility of application of scaling theory for threshold voltage of DGMOSFET, the change of threshold voltage has been observed and analyzed according to scaling theory. The analytical potential distribution of Poisson equation has been used, and this model has been already verified. To solve Poisson equation, charge distribution such as Gaussian function has been used. As a result, it has been observed that threshold voltage is grealty changed according to scaling factor and change rate of threshold voltages is traced for scaling of doping concentration in channel. This paper has explained for the best modified scaling theory reflected the influence of two gates as using weighting factor when scaling theory has been applied for channel length and channel thickness.


Thepaperdescribes ourmeasurement ofscattered light formultipoint laser-fiber vibrometry. We usethe coherent radiation inthe1550nm rangeandwe adopted WDM technique formultiwavelength operation. Itallows toapply 3-point measurements ofvibrating object toestablish 3Dvibration. This paper describes three fiber-free space configurations inorder toestablish thebest detection conditions.


EDB is being removed from major agricultural uses because of concerns about possible adverse effects on human health. Regulatory actions to remove EDB from the food system will have impacts on the agricultural community. Uses of EDB in agriculture, regulatory actions to remove EDB from the food system quickly, and possible impacts of those regulatory actions on domestic and international markets are discussed.


In order to investigate the status quo of the sense of crisis public relations and emergency management awareness in Guangzhou general hospitals,Guangzhou-based integrated health care workers and patients were randomly selected from medical,pharmaceutical,communication and communication services to conduct a survey.The results showed that health care workers generally gave a higher score on evaluating hospitals and the present physician-patient relationship compared with that of patients;patients stressed the communication between doctors and patients a lot during the treatment process,but a significant portion of patients did not show enough trust in doctor's orders;there is a large gap in the recognition of hospital's sense of crisis public relations between health care workers and patients.Conclusively,the sense of crisis public relations in Guangzhou general hospitals is rather weak and crisis management is lagging behind.A variety of measures should be taken to strengthen physician-patient communication and the public awareness of the health care crisis,and institutionalize hospital crisis management.


We evaluated the long-term results of Mersilene mesh application in 72 patients with various ophthalmic disorders. Mersilene mesh was used as a cover material for primary and secondary orbital implantation, as a sling material for the upper and lower lids, and as a spacer material for lid retraction. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 15 to 62 months (average 43.21±12.8). Orbital implant exposure developed in 10 of 35 cases who had undergone enucleation and primary orbital implantation. Sphere exposure developed in one of 18 cases who had undergone secondary orbital implantation. We used Mersilene mesh as a frontalis sling material in 19 ptotic lids of 15 cases. Suture granuloma developed in 3 cases, and in 2 cases we observed Mersilene mesh extrusion associated with chronic discharge near the free edge of the lid. When used as a spacer material in lid retraction surgery, Mersilene mesh extruded through the conjunctiva of both lower lids in one of three cases. These long-term results indicate ...


To trace NO 3 − sources and assess NO 3 − dynamics in salinized rivers and estuaries, three rivers (Haihe River: HH River, Chaobaixin River: CB River and Jiyun River: JY River) and two estuaries (HH Estuary and CJ Estuary) along the Bohai Bay (China) have been selected to determine dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN: NH 4 + , NO 2 − and NO 3 − . Upstream of the HH River, NO 3 − was removed 30.9 ± 22.1% by denitrification, resulting from effects of the floodgate: limiting water exchange with downstream and prolonging water residence time to remove NO 3 − . Downstream of the HH River NO 3 − was removed 2.5 ± 13.3% by NO 3 − turnover processes. Conversely, NO 3 − was increased 36.6 ± 25.2% by external N source addition in the CB River and 34.6 ± 35.1% by in-stream nitrification in the JY River. The HH and CY Estuaries behaved mostly conservatively excluding the sewage input in the CJ Estuary. Hydrodynamics in estuaries has been changed by the ongoing reclamation projects, aggravating the loss of the attenuation function of NO 3 − in the estuary.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of capital, labor, and land area on the income of rice farmers in Brangkal Karanganom Village, Klaten. The type of primary data used in this research is descriptive analysis method, assumption test and hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the simultaneous study of the variables of capital, labor, and land area have a positive effect on farmers' rice income in Brangkal Karanganom Village, Klaten, then the results of partial testing of the capital variable on income have no positive and significant effect, then for the labor variable on income produces there is a positive and significant effect of labor on the income of rice farmers and the last is the variable of land area on income there is a positive and significant effect of land area on the income of rice farmers in Brangkal Karanganom Village, Klaten.


Introduction: Tissue biopsy, an invasive and expensive procedure, is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of acute allograft rejection. One of the goals of the Biomarkers in Transplantation (BiT) team has been to discover diagnostic plasma proteomic biomarkers of acute kidney allograft rejection using iTRAQ-MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Although iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis allowed an unbiased search of candidate proteins, the resulting data contain a large proportion of missing values, large technical variation, and lack of sensitivity in protein identification. Thus, the objective of the current work was to develop an analytical pipeline to identify a list of candidate plasma proteins, which addresses some of these important challenges. Methods: Plasma samples collected from 11 patients with acute rejection (AR) and 21 patients with nonrejection (NR) post-transplant were depleted of the 14 most abundant proteins and processed by iTRAQ-MALDI-TOF/TOF methodology. The first step in the analytical pipeline consisted of filtering proteins with low detection rate. The impact of different filtering rules on results further down the pipeline was assessed. Several imputation algorithms (k-Nearest Neighbours, Local Least Squares, Bayesian Principle Component Analysis) were used to impute missing values resulting from proteins non-detected in some samples. A classical and a robust version of a moderated t-test (LiMMA) were used to select proteins (univariate selection step) that showed significantly different relative concentrations (p-value < 0.05) in AR versus NR. Omission of this univariate selection step was also explored. Different fold-change (FC) cut-offs (1.0, 1.15, and 1.2) were considered as an additional layer of selection. Biomarker panels obtained through some combination of the aforementioned filtering and selection methods were then fit using one of three classification models: Support Vector Machines, Elastic Nets or Logistic Regression. Unbiased estimates of classification performance were obtained through leave-one-out cross-validation. Results: Multiple biomarker panels and classifiers were obtained using different combinations of thresholds and methods, with panel sizes ranging from 6 to 147 proteins. Average area under the ROC curve (AUC) values when no fold-change cutoff was applied were 0.72 (non-robust LiMMA), 0.80 (robust LiMMA), and 0.58 (no LiMMA). Average AUC values when robust LiMMA was used were 0.80 (FC‰¥1.0), 0.92 (FC‰¥1.15) and 0.75 (FC‰¥1.2), and the corresponding values for non-robust LiMMA were 0.72, 0.54, and 0.50, respectively. Several proteins were consistently identified in almost every panel, showing good stability of the results. A total of 23 proteins were identified from the union of different panels to develop an MRM assay. Most identified proteins delineate broadly among three biological processes: immune responses, inflammatory responses, and cell adhesion pathways. Conclusion: A list of candidate proteins identified by several well-performing panels will be moved to MRM for further validation. Combining different analytical tools in the proteomic pipeline enhanced the biological understanding of acute rejection and the candidate list of markers to be validated in the next phase of the study. If confirmed in broader studies, results from this study hold great potential to transition from proteomic discovery to routine clinical use.


This legend has had serious consequences. The Skyrocket Legend was interpreted by many as a demonstration of the superiority of immersion over bilingual education, and encouraged antibilingual education advocates to eliminate bilingual education in other states. I will argue here that dropping bilingual education did not contribute to the increase in test scores, that there are more reasonable explanations for the test score increase and I will review evidence showing that bilingual education is a very helpful idea.


IN JULY 2010 VANUATU MARKED 30 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE WITH A WEEK OF CELEBRATIONS. The Vanuatu flag adorned caps, shirts and aelan dres, while bunting in the colours of the nation was strung along the streets of Port Vila. Interspersed with the parades, dancing, concerts and church services was a series of seven public discussions run by the Pacific Institute of Public Policy, attended by over one thousand people. At these meetings, which included independence generation leaders such as Donald Kalpokas on a visit from his post at the United Nations, ni-Vanuatu citizens debated vigorously the past, present and future of their nation. Such celebrations are not confined to Vanuatu. Around Melanesia and diasporas in Australia, New Zealand and Fiji, similar celebrations acknowledge the achievement of independence in the region. The decolonisation of parts of Melanesia has had a profound effect on all Melanesians: on those who achieved independence and those who did not, on those who welcomed the new nation set within colonial boundaries and those who sought other permutations of the nation through secessionist movements. Decolonisation remains a crucial historical episode of deep meaning for these peoples. Yet of course the decolonisation of Melanesia is incomplete. The patchwork of political changes experienced by the people of Melanesia through the decades of the 1960s and 1970s denies a single overarching narrative. As Stewart Firth has written, 'From the perspective of the turn of the century, this particular march of history begins to look like an artefact of a period and set of circumstances, and decolonisation has lost its simple teleology'. If we take the contested term 'Melanesia' to


Aprons are popularly used among women for domestic work. They also protect clothes from filth and at the same time become an ornamentation for fashion. Despite their important use at homes and restaurants, beauty parlors, and hotels, little study has been done on aprons. Commercialized aprons do not come in various forms, rather they use the same simple shape with different patterns. There has been no independent study done on aprons, however aprons have been studied as a part of uniform studies in the dining industry by Park and Na(2003) and uniform studies in the airline industry by Lee(2001) and Chung(2001). In this study, the author looked into aprons in accordance to the change of housing space and life style. Not only to be worn in the kitchen, but also to greet guests or for a walk in the neighborhood, the apron needs to have various functions and a trendy fashion. Designs to persue personality and high quality along with functionality and esthetical beauty were developed to present various functions of the apron.


The general functional principles of a nuclear power plant of the PWR type and some of the new problems it presents with respect to classic installations are examined. Emphasis is placed on the particularities of tue operating mechanisms in a nuclear plant and the terminology associated with them. Some of the unusual components of the BR-3 and the problems in exploitation are described. (tr-auth)


The 'violated bodies' of Pascale Aebischer's title are ones, she writes, that have been shoved 'out of the frame of the picture, creating an empty space'. 'Victims of [Shakespeare's] plot', these bodies are 'silenced, stigmatized, mutilated, erased'. To set up this arresting image (and the argument of her book), Aebischer invokes a production photograph of the 1990 National Theatre King Lear, which shows Brian Cox's Lear manhandling Eve Matheson's Cordelia, 'pushing a woman down . . . effectively throwing her out of the play'. Of course, what the photograph actually captures is a paradox, and one that documents the persistent, indeed, the occupational tension in theatre between text and performance: readers may supply the missing textual 'caption' to the photograph, may know that Cordelia is being banished, shoved out; but caught in the moment, in this violent performance, she remains very much in the frame, not erased. Indeed, in the performance that constitutes the photograph, Cordelia is the centre of attention. It is this tension between textual absence and performance presence that occupies Aebischer, who sees that 'Performance challenges the erasure of Shakespeare's violated bodies and offers the attentive spectator alternative narratives, viewpoints, and protagonists' – and she is certainly one such 'attentive spectator'. She produces for us a series of textually alert, body-conscious readings of Titus Andronicus, Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear that consider a range of what we might think of as problematic 'textual performances' – rape, race, suffering. How do you 'do' the rape scripted in Titus; being 'done', what does it mean? Then she reads these texts in performance – Taymor's Titus on screen; Rachel Nicholson's Ofelia in Red Shift's Hamlet on tour; John Kani's Othello at the Market Theatre, Johannesburg; Sally Dexter's Regan in the RSC's King Lear. Aebischer's theme may be textual absence, but she packs in the performance: there are eight Tituses in this book, eight Hamlets, seven Othellos, and eight Lears, embracing English Shakespeare, foreign Shakespeare, and Shakespeare on film and TV. Frequently, it sounds like two people are talking in this book, one a mind-crunching theorist, the other a savvy theatre reviewer who returns 'gone and lost' to view Shakespeare on the stage of her own dazzling performances. Where she plays on it, Aebischer's feminist rage sounds oddly déjà vu. (Or maybe it's just my feminist rage that's 'been there, done that'.) The excitement of this book lies elsewhere: see, for starters, the wonderful recovery of performances she gathers around the story of Yorick's (real) skull – a gift, post mortem, to the RSC by a 'wannabe actor'; see too, the anecdote of the gravedigger's daughter that frames the book. If 'writing about performance' is, as Aebischer says, 'like dancing about architecture', with this book she signals her entrance as a prima ballerina. carol rutter


The invention provides a multi-layer solid-wood finger-joint panel which comprises multi layers of finger-joint panels which are integrally combined in sequence through adhesive, wherein the adjacent finger-joint panels are vertical in the wood texture direction; the number of layers of the finger-joint panels in the multi layers of finger-joint panels is an odd number; and the number of the layers of the finger-joint panels in the multi-layer solid-wood finger-joint panel can be both an odd number and an even number. If the number of the layers of finger-joint panels is an odd number, two to nine layers of finger-joint panels in the multi-layer solid-wood finger-joint panel can be arranged. The thickness of the finger panels in the multi-layer solid-wood finger-joint panel can be five to ten millimeters. The multi-layer solid-wood finger-joint panel comprises the multi layers of finger-joint panels which are integrally combined in sequence through the adhesive, and the adjacent finger-joint panels are vertical in the wood texture direction; the multi-layer solid-wood finger-joint panel have the same performances in transverse direction and longitudinal direction; the multi-layer solid-wood finger-joint panel can be mutually limited after being combined through the adhesive, therefore, the multi-layer solid-wood finger-joint panel is hard to deform and crack.


This is the account of the course of a project that had the aim to improve the efficiency of embedded software generation with several orders of magnitude. All factors that determined the success of the project are treated honestly and in detail.


Starting from the original Majorana's article of 1937, the see-saw mechanism is illustrated, first for one and later for three neutrino generations, and neutrinoless double beta decay is considered. Neutrino mixing and oscillations in three flavors are described. The Yukawa couplings to the Higgs field of quarks and leptons are considered, their transformation properties under the corresponding flavor groups are spelled out and the principle of Minimal Flavor Violation is illustrated, in connection with possible new physics beyond the Standard Theory. The idea that the Yukawa couplings may be the vacuum expectation value of some new fields is introduced and natural extrema of potentials which are invariant under quark and lepton flavor groups are characterized. A recent result indicating large mixing of almost degenerate neutrinos is derived from the heavy lepton invariance under flavor ${\cal O}(3)$.


The titrimetric method of determining soil organic matter is preferable to the ignition loss method, as the need to estimate losses due to bound water is eliminated. The Walkley & Black redoxometric method uses potassium dichromate to oxidise carbon, after which excess dichromate is titrated against ferrous ammonium suplhate, giving a measure of the organic carbon digested. The procedure is described. Samples should not exceed 5g. Dry master samples should be crushed and ground to pass a 0.5 mm sieve. Moist fine grained cohesive soils can be kneaded instead of ground, a correction being made for moisture content. The figures obtained are influenced by the presence of manganese oxides in the soil. The oxidising effect of these can be determined by preliminary titration against a standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate. (TRRL)


We developed an obstacle position estimation system using ultrasonic sensors to obtain short-time and wide-range measurements for low-speed driving. We aligned the transmitter array vertically with the detection plane to create a fan-shaped horizontal beam that covered the target area in a single detection. The receivers are arrayed horizontally to the detection plane to estimate the obstacle's position. Each sensor's measured distance is assumed to have an error distribution, and the product of the probability density distributions of the measured distances is the obstacle's position. The observation results of a person walking at 5 km/h and car moving at 20 km/h using the proposed system are reported in this paper. Even though humans have a lower detection intensity and are more prone to measurement distance errors than automobiles, the proposed system could estimate distances exceeding 10 m within 2 m error in the x-axis direction.


The aims of this research were to describe the oil pollution control system for protecting maritime environmentin the main port of Tanjung Priok and comparatively analyze the oil spill response methods.Ship oil spill seriously threatenedmarine environment and might cause an enormous loss of energy resources. Ship oil spill emergency response was a challenge due to limited time and resources as well as lack of historical data. The comparative analysis in this research was concerned with the oil spill response method with single case.This research proposed a decision making model for initial ship oil spill emergency response to cope with the problems. The core of this model was developing a hierarchical framework for decision making after identifying and quantifying the influential factors and alternatives from previous researches. Interviews were done with three informants face to face and by phone. The informants and participants consisted of Directorateof Marine and Coast Guard Unit, Disaster Management Section in charge of pollution control activities. The proposed model was implemented to real shipoil spill and the result indicated that it was reasonable to use the proposed model to select the best responseto the oil spill from ship with small volume of oil spill and near the cruise line.Based on the comparative analysis result, the most effective responseto marine oil spill was oil recovery by using a mechanical method and implementing dispersant and subsequently bioremediation


If Durkheim "was convinced that religion, as an institution, had lost its vitality in modern societies" (Chidester 1986: 7), how come many people, if not all, still hold on to it? This study on religion and Filipina marriage migration to Korea based on participant observation and in-depth interviews with ten Filipina marriage migrants argues that religion, in this era of migration and globalization, has not lost its influence as some of its functions still hold true today. The sense of alienation caused by their unfamiliarity with their new society, new culture and their being discriminated as 'others' have led them to find or form new communities and new identities. Results of the interviews reveal that religion has facilitated their integration into the society, has extended to them physical and social refuge against their marginalization and has provided them a sense of belonging to a new community and new religious identity.


In this work RE-Mo-O gels (RE = Gd, Eu) synthesized by an
aqueous sol-gel method with citric acid as a complexing agent.
Products were characterized with Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). In order to estimate occurring possible
reaction mechanism and optimal annealing temperature the
thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) of obtained RE-Mo-O citrate gels
was performed. Moreover, the crystallinity, morphological
features, and luminescent properties of RE2Mo3O12 powders
annealed at different temperatures using X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and
photoluminescence(PL) measurements were also investigated.


Pretreatment process is an important process in the production of printed circuit board,so to research new green sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide micro-etching system is a trend in current chemical micro-etching pretreatment area.Based on the basic principles of chemical micro-etching,this article analyzes the technique features and provides the particular application of new green chemical micro-etching process.


This paper analyzes the inscriptions on the motor-vehicles and signboards in Taraba State of Nigeria. Samples of inscriptions and signs were collected and analyzed using Austin's Speech Act Theory which was later developed by Searle. The result of the analysis showed that each inscription has a connotative meaning, that is, meaning beyond the denotative or literary level. It was observed that contextual factors contribute a lot to the pragmatic meanings of the inscriptions. The paper concluded that to grasp the meanings embedded in inscriptions on motor-vehicles and signboards, readers should analyze them beyond their denotative or literal meanings.

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ABSTRACT The euro crisis has put to test the intergovernmental decision-making regime institutionalized by the 2009 Lisbon Treaty for dealing with the economic policy side of the Economic and Monetary Union. Under the pressure of the euro collapse, the heads of state and government have introduced new legal measures and intergovernmental treaties that have radically transformed the European economic governance. How to interpret this transformation? The article discusses two of the main paradigms (liberal intergovernmentalism and neo-functionalism) used by scholars for interpreting the EU, showing their weakness in explaining that transformation. Looking at the euro crisis institutional implications through the two paradigms is a necessary exercise for elaborating a more comprehensive approach to the changes in the European economic governance.


Aims and Objectives: (1) To study the risk of eclampsia in relation to several maternal characteristics and exposures including socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics, community and health facility support and to study maternal and neonatal outcome in eclampsia. (2) To study the association of eclampsia with Socio-demographic factors, antenatal care, obstetric factors and severity of disease, maternal and fetal outcome. Study Design: This was a case control study of 110 cases of pregnant women admitted to the Obstetric ward with a diagnosis of eclampsia (Cases). The control group comprised of women admitted during the same time who did not have pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecologist at a tertiary care health institute. The study was a case control study of 110 cases of pregnant women having eclampsia. 110 pregnant women admitted during the same period who did not have eclampsia or preeclampsia were enrolled as control group. Study was approved by the ethical committee of the institute. Informed consent was taken. Demographic data and detailed history was noted. General and systemic examination was done. Type of delivery was noted. Patients were monitored during labor and evaluated in terms of convulsion delivery interval, hours of labor and mode of delivery and indication for cesarean section. Risk of eclampsia in relation to several defined maternal characteristic was studied along with the maternal and fetal outcome in studies cases. The data was analyzed by Epi INFO version 7.1. Qualitative data was expressed in percentages. Quantitative data was expressed in Mean +/Standard deviation and Ranges were specified. Chi square / Fisher's exact test were used to observe the difference between proportions. Odds ratio were calculated at appropriate associations. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The analysis of educational status amongst the cases and control group revealed statistically significant difference (P=0.01). The number of skilled patients was more in control group than in cases and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.03). Eclampsia was seen more prevalent in cases coming from rural areas and having higher BMI values (P=0.01). Incidence of eclampsia was found to be more in unbooked cases, primigravida, women with gestational age more than 37 weeks and in those who had less than 3 ANC visits(P=0.01). Difference was statistically insignificant when the factors like singleton or multiple pregnancy and birth interval were analyzed. Majority of the patients (87.27) had convulsions in antepartum period and most of them experienced less than 5 episodes of convulsions. Most of the patients had convulsions www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i6.119


Storing and retrieving the image and its associated information of paddy insects can be useful to Malaysia especially who required information about paddy
insects. As Malaysia is focusing on agriculture, there must be technology provided in this field. In this study, the prototype of database design developed with a method of choosing the attributes, and this technique described by the
content of image to achieve the suitable image storage and retrieval and enable effective in indexing image database for online paddy insects. Through the Internet online prototype, the end user can get the information of paddy insects and they also can see the image of paddy insect by using search engine that provided in this prototype. There are two types of search engine provided which are using Structured Query Language (SQL) and Fuzzy Logic. The prototype is also provides the administrator to add, search, update and delete information of paddy insects.


Generally speaking, the Euler angle is usually used to describe the attitude of small satellites. In this case, however, singularity exists during large angle maneuver of small satellites. In contrast, such singularity can be avoided when the attitude is described by the quaternion. In this article, with regard to nonlinear properties of small satellite attitude contol systems actuated by reaction wheels, the attitude kinematics is described by the error-quaternion so that the large angle maneuver of the satellite can be converted into the problem of regulation of the error-quaternion. Sliding surfaces were designed on the basis of error-quaternion and an equivalent variable-structure controller introducing angular velocity acceleration feedback term was derived based on Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results show that the the proposed SMC law can improve the convergence rate, reduce the overshoot value of angular volecity during the maneuver and the demand of initial control torquer. In the meanwhile global stability and robustness of the method considering parameter uncerties and external disturbances such as sunlight pressure moment, the surplus magnetism moment of satellite and the pneumatic moment can also be guaranteed.


Addressing the apparent absence of vernacular literary criticism in early Tudor culture, this chapter argues that a nascent poetics lies within the period's lyric poetry itself. The critical lexicon that laces this lyric poetry shows poets beginning to theorize literature in spatial, geometric, or formal terms. Recalling the place logic of Henrician pedagogy and the blurring of boundaries between poetic invention and critical judgement, the poetry of Wyatt, Surrey, and their early Tudor acolytes ventures a rudimentary theory of poetic composition as the constraining of memory into form. Responding to the Italian commentary tradition that locates Petrarch's poems in allusive relation to other poems, early Tudor lyric gestures to an intertextual model of how to read texts in a network of remembered literary 'places'. As imitation fuses into commentary, external places of criticism are constrained internally within Henrician poetry itself.