Wnt compositions and methods for their use are provided. Compositions of the invention comprise fragments of wnt polypeptides having a desired biological activity, which fragments are referred to herein as "mini-wnts". These compositions and methods find particular use in determining bind to Wnt receptors; inhibiting Wnt signaling in a cell that expresses a Wnt receptor; in delivering a functional moiety to a cell that expresses a Wnt receptor; and as an immunogen for producing Wnt-specific antibodies.


Throughout the years, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) was a widely adopted method in the image matching and classification tasks. However, due to the recent advances in convolutional neural networks, the popularity of SIFT and other similar feature descriptors significantly decreased, leaving SIFT underresearched in some of the emerging applications. In this paper we examine the suitability of SIFT feature descriptors in one such task, the histopathological image classification. In the conducted experimental study we investigate the usefulness of various variants of SIFT on the BreakHis Breast Cancer Histopathological Database. While colour is known to be significant in case of human performed analysis of histopathological images, SIFT variants using different colour spaces have not been thoroughly examined on this type of data before. Observed results indicate the effectiveness of selected SIFT variants, particularly Hue-SIFT, which outperformed the reference convolutional neural network ensemble on some of the considered magnifications, simultaneously achieving lower variance. This proves the importance of using different colour spaces in classification tasks with histopathological data and shows promise to find its use in diversifying classifier ensembles.


As the means and ways to cultivate students with well-rounded development of "virtue, intelligence, physical conditions, mind status and community service", aesthetic education is of great significance and practical value to the quality education and aesthetic cultivation of contemporary students. At the same time, music, as the most important part of aesthetic education, has an irreplaceable role in the art edification and literary connotation cultivation. Therefore, to cultivate students' artistic quality and improve students' music literacy, aesthetic education has an irreplaceable role and significance. The paper will explore and study the two aspects of "music appreciation" and "vocal performance" through the analysis of music aesthetic education courses in colleges and universities.


: The mean peripheral arteriovenous difference for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), 5ALPHA-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-P) has been calculated in 7 nonhirsute and 9 hirsute women. No significant difference was found between peripheral artery and vein concentrations for all steroids measured in both groups of women studied. Since steroid concentrations in peripheral arterial samples are not expected to differ from those from ovarian and adrenal arteries, it is concluded that peripheral venous steroid levels adequately represent the steroid concentrations of arterial blood delivered to steroid-producing tissue.


Background. Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury plays an important role in the immediate graft function in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). There is growing evidence that mitochondria play a pivotal role in I-R injury. Our aim was to evaluate changes in mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities after I-R injury in LDLT. Methods. Specimens from 8 donor recipient pairs enrolled in this study were obtained from the donor livers before harvest (before I-R injury) and after vascular anastomosis in the recipient (after I-R injury). Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution was used to perfuse the organ during the cold ischemic period between harvesting and transplantation. We correlated changes in mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complex activity (succinate cytochrome c reductase [SCCR]; NADH cytochrome c reductase [NCCR]) after I-R injury with clinical data and graft status. Results. NCCR and SCCR activities did not uniformly decrease after I-R injury. Two of 8 recipients experienced graft dysfunction after transplantation. The decrease in neither NCCR nor SCCR activity correlated with graft dysfunction in these 2 patients. Among the clinical factors, grafts from older donors tended to show decreased NCCR activity after I-R injury. Conclusions. In this study, changes in mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity failed to predict the severity of I-R injury in LDLT. The organ preservation solution may play a protective role on mitochondrial respiratory enzymes during I-R injury. From the Divisions of Transplantation Surgery (N.-C.L., .-C.L.), General Surgery (C.-Y.H., C.-C.L.), Pediatric Surgery C.-S.L., H.-L.T.), Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans Genral Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine N.-C.L., C.-S.L., C.-Y.H., H.-L.T., C.-C.L.), Taiwan. Grant Support by VGH97C1-166. Address reprint requests to Chin-Su Liu, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital. No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 112. E-mail: email@example.com. 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. 0041-1345/10/$–see front matter 60 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710 doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.03.008 ransplantation Proceedings, 42, 721–724 (2010) 721


A clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit is the key building block in all serial communication systems. A classical CDR is implemented using a Type-2 phase-locked loop (PLL) wherein a passive lead-lag analog loop filter is used to set the loop response. Large capacitors needed to achieve low jitter transfer bandwidth and a highly over-damped response to reduce jitter peaking prohibit monolithic integration of the analog loop filter [1, 2]. Digital loop filters (DLFs) that are robust to process and temperature variations have recently emerged as an alternate solution to implementing fully integrated CDRs [3–5].


Even with strong demands for local economic activity indices, there have been relatively few attempts to develop comprehensive indices that are compatible with the national business coincident index developed by NBER and Department of Commerce. In this paper, some experimental methods are explored for generating local economic activity index. Using the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank National Activity Index (CFNAI) and local economic indicators, local and national dynamic factors are extracted by applying partitioned regression and principal components methods. From these results, local economic activity index is generated through combining national components with local dynamic factors. Three local indices for the Chicago Metropolitan area are produced and compared to national indices. JEL classification: C32, C51, E32, R15


The main configuration scenarios occurring in the domain of technical products and systems are consistency checking, completing a partial configuration, reconfiguration of an inconsistent configuration and finding the best knowledge base for future reconfigurations. This paper presents OOASP - a framework for the description of object-oriented product configurators using answer set programming and shows that it is able to solve the different (re)configuration scenarios occurring in practice. Thus, it is a step forward to close the conceptual gap between logic-based and object-oriented approaches for product configuration.


This is a follow-up study of an earlier one by the authors. 22 students were eliminated from the original study because they were undecided about a college major. A year later, 15 of these students had declared majors; comparison with their original occupational fantasies confirms the predictability of such fantasies.


This article aims to analyze the transformations of the thirty years of the Child and Adolescent Statute, the doctrine of integral protection, the action of public policy management councils and their current effectiveness. To address these problems, bibliographic review is used as a method, research on laws, articles, books and dissertations, in order to understand the topic in question and what has actually been done in Brazil. It was found that existing public policies need to be strengthened with the support of civil society, in order to achieve true comprehensive protection for children and adolescents, while vulnerable.


To meet the changing needs of your enterprise network, Avaya powers converged infrastructures with the new Avaya Communication Manager. With this latest release of telephony software, Avaya delivers industry-leading intelligent call processing plus features that help improve network security, resiliency and extensibility at lower costs. And, it provides a flexible path to highly available converged voice and data networks while protecting your current investments.


This paper examines a virtual prototyping system for electronic devices which incorporate visualisation using a novel integrated development environment that combines user interaction with photorealistic 2D and 3D models. Full system level hardware simulation is also supported within this framework which offers electronic simulation in a virtual environment. This helps to link product development specialists with a unified and coherent modelling environment. Virtual prototyping is a novel design methodology that aims to decrease the time-to-market and increase product reliability, quality and fulfilment of user requirements. This paper uses the example of a remotely controlled domestic cooking system to illustrate this process


During recent years, the U.S. agricultural sector has experienced high prices for energy related inputs and commodities, and a rapidly developing bioenergy market. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation would further alter agricultural markets and increase land competition in forestry and agriculture by shifting input costs, creating an agricultural GHG abatement market, and expanding bioenergy demand. The potential effects of these events on the agricultural sector are being hotly debated. We use a multisector model (FASOM-GHG) to estimate the potential implications of these developments on net farm income and the U.S. agricultural sector.


This study aimed at establishing the optimal conditions for the classic extraction of phenolic compounds from Prunus spinosa L. fruits. The effects of different parameters, i.e., ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent (mixture of ethanol and water), operation temperature, and extraction time, on process responses were evaluated. Total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and contents of protocatechuic acid (PA), caffeic acid (CA), vanillic acid (VA), rutin hydrate (RH), and quercetin (Q) of fruit extracts were selected as process responses. A synergistic effect of obtaining high values of TPC, TAC, AC, PA, and VA was achieved for the extraction in 50% ethanol at 60 °C for 30 min. At a higher level of process temperature, the extraction of protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid was enhanced, but the flavonoids, i.e., rutin hydrate and quercetin, were degraded. A lower temperature should be used to obtain a higher amount of flavonoids. TPC, TAC, AC, and phenolic acid contents (PA, CA, and VA) in the extract samples obtained at an ethanol concentration of 50–100%, a temperature of 30–60 °C, and an extraction time of 30 min were strongly directly correlated.


1. Introduction: Language variation, contact, and change in grammar and sociolinguistics (by Afarli, Tor A.) 2. Language ecology, language evolution, and the actuation question (by Mufwene, Salikoko S.) 3. Syntactic change: Between universal grammar and fuzzy grammar (by Newmeyer, Frederick J.) 4. Language contact, linguistic variability and the construction of local identities (by Cornips, Leonie M.E.A.) 5. The social side of syntax in multilingual Oslo (by Nistov, Ingvild) 6. The expansion of the Preterit in Rioplatenese Spanish: Contact induced? (by Flogstad, Guro) 7. Constructing diasystems: Grammatical organisation in bilingual groups (by Hoder, Steffen) 8. Syntactic frames and single-word code-switching: A case study of Mandarin Chinese - Norwegian bilingualism (by Afarli, Tor A.) 9. Norwegian discourse ellipses in the left periphery - interacting structural and semantic restrictions (by Nygard, Mari) 10. The myth of creole "exceptionalism" (by Bickerton, Derek) 11. Some notes on bare noun phrases in Haitian Creole and Gungbe: A transatlantic Sprachbund perspective (by Aboh, Enoch O.) 12. Coding in time: On the historical character of linguistic knowledge (by Gregersen, Frans) 13. Index


Loving, patient, kind and extraordinary—those are the words that best described the friend I had the pleasure to meet in January 2014.


This article (a) examines the Akkadian word turru, sometimes ṭurru, in architectural contexts and finds it to designate an angle at the intersection of two walls. In the light of this discovery the article goes on (b) to elucidate passages of Nebuchadnezzar II's inscriptions that describe his construction of the defences of Babylon on either side of the Ištar Gate, and (c) to consider other instances of turru, from which it emerges (d) that the meaning "corner angle" is not confined to architectural contexts, and (e) that bīt turrī, a technical term in damming, probably has nothing to do with turru "corner angle".


This thesis concerns the construction of a mathematical model for blood flow in microvessels coated with an endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL). Special attention is focused on the effect of the wall layer on the system as a whole and the interaction between blood, EGL and the wall vessel. Interest in this problem is motivated by its implications for better understanding of the clinical function of the EGL which is extremely challenging to measure in-vivo. The early parts of this thesis investigate the motion of a rigid particle through a microtube which has a non-uniform wall shape, is filled with a viscous Newtonian fluid, and is lined with a thin poroelastic layer. This is relevant to the transport of small rigid cells (such as neutrophils) through microvessels that are lined with an EGL. We describe a new boundary-integral representation for Biphasic Mixture Theory, which allows us to efficiently solve elastohydrodynamicmobility problems using Boundary Element Methods. In this context, we examine the impact of geometry upon creation of viscous eddies, fluid flux into the EGL, as well as the role of the EGL in transmitting mechanical signals to the underlying endothelial cells. We then examine electrochemical properties of the EGL by introducing a charge effect into a mathematical model. The asymptotic solutions obtained enable us to investigate some of the important physical phenomena inherent in electroviscous flow in porous media. The results facilitate construction of a numerical technique that allows to simulate a two-dimensional flow through a wavy wall particle-free channel lined with ionised porous material. The data obtained, particularly shear stress exerted on the vessel wall, is of importance for understanding the physiological role of the EGL as a mechanotransducer.


Introduction: Medical literature has long reported the disastrous effects of neck hyperextension on posterior cerebral circulation. Hairdresser-related ischemic cerebrovascular event, also called beauty parlor syndrome, among other examples, is considered an epitome of this phenomenon. Case Report: In this report, alluding to hairdresser-related ischemic cerebrovascular event, 2 cases of neurological impairment following hyperextension of the neck during dental treatment append to the many others, yet being 2 of the first reported in this setting. In one of the cases, the patient developed classic stroke symptoms during dental treatment, while in the other, the deficit developed the day after the dental procedure. Both patients were treated with low–molecular-weight heparin during their stay at the hospital. In the first patient, the deficit was permanent, while in the second, the deficit was more subtle and temporary. Conclusions: Pathogenesis, as well as predisposing factors, are discussed, and new terminology is established as a means to encourage research on this rare complication of neck positioning on dental chairs.


In the different literatures,there are different Chinese names for Fagaceae family which Quercus belonged to in the taxonomic category of botany,such as Shanmaoju,Kedou etc.There are also different Chinese names for genus which belonged to Fagaceae,different in division for Quercus,and different Chinese names for oak trees.In this paper,we verified the Quercus in the taxonomic category of botany and proposed that Chinese name for Fagaceae family should be Kedou,and for Quercus species should be Li.The Cyolobalanopsis should be regarded as a subgenus of Quercus genus.


The invention relates to the field of daily supplies, and discloses a mosquito killing device with a base. The mosquito killing device comprises a bat body, a bat frame, a bat rod and the base, wherein the bat body is formed by a dense electric shock net; the bat frame is arranged by surrounding the bat body in a circle; a solution groove is formed in the surface of the bat frame; a sponge is arranged in the solution groove and is used for preventing liquid in the solution groove from quickly running away; the upper end of the bat rod is fixedly connected with the bat frame; the lower end of the bat rod is provided with a power supply button and a battery box; the base is fixedly connected with the lower end of the bat rod. According to the mosquito killing device with the base, disclosed by the invention, a solution groove structure is adopted, so that the purpose of attracting mosquitoes can be realized through containing a mixture of sugar, wine and vinegar in the solution groove, and the catching efficiency can be greatly increased; in addition, a base structure is adopted, so that the condition that an electronic mosquito swatter is vertically arranged on a table can be realized, cleanliness and sanitation are realized, and bacteria can be prevented from spreading.


Hairy vetch green manure during bloom period in Xiongjia Farm,Zhijin County,Guizhouprovince was cut into upper,middle and lower three parts.The content of nutrition value in differenceparts was determined.For the main nutrition values,the content of CP,EE and NFE in the upper part wasrichest,and the content of CE,NDF and ADF was lowest.The nutrition values of middle part were nearto those of whole plant,and those of lower part were lowest.All those may be a science reference to theefficient utilization of Hairy vetch.


In this paper, pseudo regular intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, pseudo irregular intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, highly pseudo irregular intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, neighbourly pseudo irregular intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, strongly pseudo irregular intuitionistic fuzzy graphs are introduced and some of their properties are discussed.


Four‐dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been used to describe flow through a Thoraflex Hybrid graft. We present the first 4D flow MRI depiction of Thoraflex Hybrid graft after use as a frozen elephant trunk to repair a DeBakey Type I aortic dissection.


In the practices of the contemporary business management,ERP(enterprise resource planning) takes advantage of the advanced modern information technology and integrates advanced management ideas and the best business practices,which attracts great attention from business circles.Applying the ERP sand table simulation into the teaching can give students the opportunities to put the knowledge into practice without getting out of colleges.It can not only improve the students' team cooperation consciousness,but strengthen their professional moral cultivation.Furthermore,it can help form students' habit of strictly abiding by standards and effectively improve their ability in communicating with others so as to lay a solid foundation for their future employment.


This paper theoretically and empirically examines the role governance institutions play in the adoption of contracts. We develop a simple model of the contracting relationship in a setting where unverifiable outcomes exist and use it to interpret data on groundwater irrigation contracts in Bangladesh. A distinguishing feature of this market is the variety of village-level institutions which impose different degrees of punishment for contract violation. We find that households adopt formal contracts when punishment for violation is severe and adopt relational contracts when punishment is weak. Furthermore, contractual form is affected by factors that affect the distribution of surplus, such as the agents' degree of bargaining power and/or availability of outside options. JEL Classification: D82; L14; O12; Q15; Z13


A method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of robenidine residues in chicken tissues.The analyte was extracted with acidic acetontrile,and purified by neutral Alumina and HLB solid phase extraction cartridge.Quantification of the analyte was achieved by UPLC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) using external standard method.The Limit of detction 5 μg/kg,and the limits of quantification is 10 μg/kg.The overall recovery varies from 76.7% to 107.6% at the spiked level of 50~200 μg/kg in muscle,liver and kindey,and from 81.2% to 106.8% at the spiked level of 100~400 μg/kg in fat and skin,the intra-and inter-batch coefficients was from 1.4% to 19.5% and from 2.5% to 12.8%,respectively.The method was reliable,sensitive and reproducibility,its performance can meet the requirements of the domestic and international legislation.The method adapts to the determination of robenidine residues in chicken products.


The invention relates to a fatigue driving monitoring system and a method thereof. The fatigue driving monitoring system comprises: a vehicle detection device which is used for monitoring the fatigue driving and a monitoring center which is used for discriminating the fatigue driving for a second time. The vehicle detection device further comprises: an image acquisition module, a master control module which is used for processing positioning pictures collected by the image acquisition module and discriminating the fatigue driving, a warning module and a communication module which is used for performing communication connections with the monitoring center. A first time discrimination for the fatigue driving can be performed by the master control module, and according to the discrimination results, a warning is sent out and simultaneously the positioning pictures are sent to the monitoring center for the second time discrimination. And then, a customer service representative of the monitoring center can remind the driver through the communication module. Double discriminations and a warning mode are adopted in the fatigue driving monitoring method disclosed in the invention. An inaccurate alarm probability can be reduced, the monitoring system is simple and costs are low.


Objective: To investigate the condition and cognition of sharp injuries among nurses in a general hospital. Methods: Five hundred nurses were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire. Results: 76.2% nurses had encountered sharp injuries in clinical practice, 64.40% of which were related to disposed needles. Only 47.56% of nurses knew how to deal with sharp injuries. Conclusion: The incidence rate of sharp injuries was high, and needles were the main sharp instruments leading to injuries. Nurses had poor awareness of protection, so it was important to increase their con- scious of self-protection from sharp injuries.


The sponsor,called "the first goalkeeper" in securities market,is under legal obligation to guarantee the truth of securities information.A sponsor takes on a heavy responsibility because its utterance is the important reference that affects investors.According to China's current sponsor system,in the cause of securities issuing and listing,the sponsor is responsible for tutoring, investigating,nominating company,etc..However,there are some shortcomings in sponsor system such as over-heavy sponsor's responsibility,unreasonable definition of sponsor' responsibility,etc..Based on referring and analyzing relevant regulations on sponsor's responsibilities in the U.K and Hongkong,the article tries to put forward suggestions on improving country's system,of sponsor's responsibility.


Chapter 1 Preface Chapter 2 Acknowledgment Chapter 3 What's Ailing our Public Schools? Chapter 4 Classroom Teaching Suffers its Pain in Silence Chapter 5 Positive Steps to Help Relieve Chronic Pain Chapter 6 Reliable Treatments that Help Sick Schools Get Better Chapter 7 Using Quality to Improve the Health and Fitness of Schools Chapter 8 A Reliable Organization Inspires the Health of Public Schools Chapter 9 Continuous Improvement Helps Shape School Performance Chapter 10 Prescription for Healing the Chronic Illness of Public Schools Chapter 11 Afterword: Dr. William N. Kiefer Chapter 12 Appendix A: Getting Public Schools Back to Health Chapter 13 Appendix B: Achieving Quality Classroom Teaching Chapter 14 Appendix C: Resources for Healing Public Schools Chapter 15 Appendix D: Healthy Schools with Systems Thinking Chapter 16 Appendix E: Draft State Reliability Legislation Chapter 17 Articles, Books, and Bibliography Chapter 18 Authors and Contributors


The new historical mission demands training innovative talents,so "Research Education" becomes the mainstream culture of University Education.This paper analyzes the importance of "electrical electronic" technology basic courses in the major of engineering,explores the emphases and difficulties of carrying out large-scale "Research Teaching",then introduces the research and practice based on the experiment-classroom-teaching,self-determined experiment electives,extracurricular research activities and research projects..Various results indicate that the research and practice bring in significant and far-reaching impact.


【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effects of illumination time and ambient temperature treatments on reproductive system and gene expression and secretion of hormone in breeding Yangzhou geese, so that the functional characteristics of illumination time and ambient temperature could be preliminarily discovered. 【Method】 The geese of 200-day-old and receiving gradually decreased natural sunlight were selected as experimental animals. At the beginning of experiment, the sunlight time was 9.7 h a day, and the ambient temperature was about 5℃. Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement(2 × 3) including 2 levels of ambient temperature(0-5℃, 25-30℃) and 3 levels of illumination time(8 h, 12 h, 16 h). The illumination increased and decreased based on the natural day. In this study 120 adult female geese were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 20 birds each. Feed and water were freely available. On day 30, 5 geese of each treatment were taken randomly to collect 3 m L blood sample from wing venous for determination of related hormone indexes. At the same time, 3 geese of each treatment were got randomly to be slaughtered and hypothalamus and pituitary were collected quick-freezed and then conserved in ultra-low-temperature storage for determination of related gene expression. The reproductive system was separated to determine weight or length, simultaneously oviduct magnums were taken for tissue slice. 【Result】Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone(LH) in 16 h illumination treatments were significantly more than those in 8 h and 12 h illumination treatments(P0.05). Serum concentrations of prolactin(PRL) in 16 h illumination treatments were significantly more than those in 12 h illumination treatments(P0.05). Serum concentrations of PRL in high temperature treatments(25-30℃) were significantly higher than those in low temperature treatments(0-5℃)(P0.05). There were significant interactions on serum concentrations of LH, PRL and estradiol(E2) between illumination time and ambient temperature(P0.05). The ovary index and follicle index of 12 h illumination treatments were significantly more than those of 16 h illumination treatments(P0.05). The follicle number of 8 h illumination treatments was significantly more than that of 16 h illumination treatments(P0.05). The oviduct length of 12 h illumination treatments was significantly more than those of 8 h and 16 h illumination treatments(P0.05), and the oviduct index of high temperature treatments was significantly higher than that of low temperature treatments(P0.05). There were no significant effects on ovary index, follicle index, follicle number, oviduct index and oviduct length under different ambient temperatures(P0.05). The oviduct magnum of 8 h and 12 h illumination treatments and the high temperature treatments showed scarlet. In addition, the pseudostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria were thicker, morever their rugas were obvious, and the secretory glands were rich. However, the oviduct magnum of 16 h illumination treatments and the low temperature treatments showed dull red. Their pseudostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria were obviously thinner, furthermore rugas were fuzzy, and the secretory glands were less. Relative expression quantity of PRL gene of 16 h illumination treatments was significantly higher than that of 8 h and 12 h illumination treatments(P0.05). There were no interactions on reproductive system, m RNA expression and secretion of hormone in breeding geese(P0.05). 【Conclusion】Long time illumination of 16 h suppressed growth of ovarian and follicle, and illumination of 12 h increased oviduct length. Long time illumination of 16 h increased expression abundance of PRL gene. Therefore, long illumination time depressed reproductive function, and the optimum illumination time of geese was 12 h. High temperature increased serum concentration of LH and PRL, and the organization structure of breeding geese were affected by low temperature, so the ambient temperature should be controlled, and the breeding geese need to avoid being raised in the extreme temperature environment.


As far as music is concerned, instruments have always been part of a cultural "landscape" (on technical, expressive and symbolic levels). This talk explores the changes brought about by the shift that occurred during the 20th century, from mechanical to digital instruments (also named "virtual instruments"). History of music and its instruments is not independent of history in general as far as humans are concerned: history of ideas, history of arts, history of technology, history of their languages, aesthetical and emotional values. The invention of the telephone and the phonograph, almost contemporary to each other, disturbed our "traditional" relationship to sound, voice and music, by allowing transmission and recording of sounds. From then, sounds could "travel" through space and time. Artists and poets, such as Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, Marcel Proust, Guillaume Apollinaire, among others, have been very impressed with these inventions and their consequences. Developments in electricity and digital technology later increased the "distance" between the body and the instrument in music production: · electricity, by bringing new energy, previously mechanical, to machinery and instrumental devices; · digital technology by operating a radical decoupling between musicians' actions and effects on the intruments due to symbolic information encoding and processing. Such (r)evolutions have artistic, cultural and social irreversible consequences. Therefore, it is not surprising that, alongside with these developments, new artistic sensibilities, new philosophical and scientific paradigms have been invented and experienced. First, a short recall of some historical steps of the technological developments that have renewed our relationship to sound, music, and instruments will be presented. Then the concepts of "instrumentality" and "expressiveness" will be introduced. Indeed, a lot of musical instruments are built, or tuned, in order to obtain non-linear behaviour, depending on the way they are played. These features are very important for expressiveness and identification. In addition, sound synthesis is not only signal synthesis. The way signals are transduced into sounds is very important for the « truthfulness » or the materiality of sounds. So, our last researches tends to control the entire chain from musical gestures to sound radiation.


in this strategy the response becomes complete transparently when all futures are handled. Due to the space limitation we can neither discuss in detail all aspects of these strategies nor compare them. We can not also present the implementation with the Typol formalism. This work will be done in the full version. 5 Conclusion In this article, we have presented a semantics of the automatic continuation. We have given two strategies to achieve it. In the rst strategy we return only complete responses. The second strategy favors the asynchronism: an object may return a partial response and complete this response as soon as the future values are obtained. Thus meanwhile the partial response may allow the caller to continue its computation, for instance when the computation does not need the complete response. We therefore advantage the asynchronism: an object waits only when it requires a data necessary for its computation (data-ow oriented semantics). This semantics may however causes some livelocks but can be treated using a marking. The automatic continuation and the wait-by-necessity, by automatically adding some synchronization , tend to maintain the behavior of sequential programs when doing the paralleliza-tion. We actually work on the formal proof of such assumptions.


Objective To investigate the effect of electromyographic biofeedback with electric stimulation (Est-EMGBFT) training on dorsiflexion of foot of cerebral palsy children with spastic diplegia type.Methods 66 cerebral palsy children with spastic diplegia type were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group with 33 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with rehabilitation training plus Est-EMGBFT, while the control group with rehabilitation training only. The manual muscle test (MMT) of tibial muscle and the ankle joint initiative range of motion (I-ROM) were performed before and after 4 courses of treatment, and the treatment group was assessed by electromyographic (EMG) apparatus additionally.Results After treatment, the muscular force of children in the treatment group was higher than those in the control group significantly ( P0.01) and the level of integrated electromyography (iEMG) and root mean square (RMS) assessed by sEMG increased significantly ( P0.05), the I-ROM of the treatment group was higher than the control group significantly ( P0.05).Conclusion Est-EMGBFT training can provide a satisfactory rehabilitation effect for the dorsiflexion of foot of cerebral palsy children with spastic diplegia type.


Disclosed is an imaging device provided with: an imaging element unit (112) for converting light from an imaging subject to a video signal: a light pattern detection unit (141) for detecting information superimposed in illumination light, by detecting a light-dark pattern from the video signal produced in the conversion performed by the imaging element unit (112); a comparison unit (142) for comparing predetermined decision information and detection information which is the information detected by the light pattern detection unit (141); and a display unit (132) for displaying a specific image in accordance with the comparison result produced by the comparison unit (142).


The eftect of Coriolis interaction on vibration-rotation spectra is familiar in the case where a pair of otherwise eiegenerate vibrationallevels interact with each other, as in symmetric top molecules. This situation was first discussed by Teller1 and later by Johnston and Dennison2, and Jahn3 ; more recently Boyd and Longuet-Higgins4 have reviewed the theory in some detail. Meal and Polo 5 have discussed the derivation and properties of Coriolis zeta interaction constants, and Boyd and Longuet:-Higgins4, Meal and Polo5 and Lord and Merrifield 6 have discussed the sum rules that occur amongst the zetas that relate degenerate pairs of vibrations. Coriolis zeta constants also play an important role in formulating the general theory of the vibration-rotation Hamiltonian 79 and some of their properties have been studied in this connection. Despite these developments in the theory of zeta constants, there have becn few discussions of the effect on rovibrational spectra of Coriolis interactions between non-eiegenerate vibrational levels; most of the treatments of the theory in this more general situation are due to Nielsen 7 and his co-workers. Recently several examplcs of such perturbations in rovibrational spectra have been observed1012 ; useful information may come fron1 such observations in several ways. Firstly, such perturbations yield observed values of zeta constants relating pairs of non-degenerate normal vibrations, and since these are sensitive functions of the form of the normal coordinates they proviele data for force constant calculations of precisely the kind required to supplement the vibration frequencies, in order to obtain a unique solution to the force field. Secondly, such perturbations may give information about otherwise inactive or unobserved vibrations, and thus enable a more complete assignment to be made; examples of thils occur in ethylene10 and diborane11• Thirdly, Coriolis interactions give rise to certain characteristic intensity perturbations, which give direct information on the relative signs of transition moments, which may otherwise be very hard to obtain. In particular it is possible to relate the signs of transition moments due to two vibrations in different symmetry species. There is, at present, no other method of obtaining such relations experimentally. The object of this paper is to review the theory of these interactions and to consider som.e examples in detail. The theory is developed by using a matrix perturbation method, which gives more physical insight into the nature of the interaction than is obtained from the contact transformation


The article discusses the problem of scene recognition for mobile robotics. Subtasks that have to be solved to implement a high-level understanding of the environment are considered. The basis here is an understanding of the geometry and semantics of the scene, which can be decomposed into subtasks of robot localization, mapping and semantic analysis. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques have already been successfully applied and, although they have some as yet unresolved problems for dynamic environments, do not present a problem for this issue. The focus of the work is on the task of semantic analysis of the scene, which assumes three-dimensional segmentation. The field of 3D segmentation, like the field of image segmentation, has been decomposed into semantic and object segmentation, contrary to the needs of many potential applications. However, at present, panoptic segmentation is beginning to develop, combining the two previous ones and most fully describing the scene. The paper reviews the methods of 3D panoptic segmentation, identifies promising approaches. The actual problems of the scene recognition problem are also discussed. There is a clear trend towards the development of complex incremental methods of metric-semantic SLAM, which combine segmentation with SLAM methods, and the use of scene graphs, which allow describing the geometry, semantics of scene elements and the relationship between them. Scene graphs are especially promising for the field of mobile robotics, since they provide a transition from low-level representations of objects and spaces (for example, segmented point clouds) to describing a scene at a high level of abstraction, close to a human one (a list of objects in a scene, their properties and location relative to each other).


Quantum simulation of quantum field theory is a flagship application of quantum computers that promises to deliver capabilities beyond classical computing. The realization of quantum advantage will require methods to accurately predict error scaling as a function of the resolution and parameters of the model that can be implemented efficiently on quantum hardware. In this paper, we address the representation of lattice bosonic fields in a discretized field amplitude basis, develop methods to predict error scaling, and present efficient qubit implementation strategies. A low-energy subspace of the bosonic Hilbert space, defined by a boson occupation cutoff, can be represented with exponentially good accuracy by a low-energy subspace of a finite size Hilbert space. The finite representation construction and the associated errors are directly related to the accuracy of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling and the Finite Fourier transforms of the boson number states in the field and the conjugate-field bases. We analyze the relation between the boson mass, the discretization parameters used for wavefunction sampling and the finite representation size. Numerical simulations of small size $\Phi^4$ problems demonstrate that the boson mass optimizing the sampling of the ground state wavefunction is a good approximation to the optimal boson mass yielding the minimum low-energy subspace size. However, we find that accurate sampling of general wavefunctions does not necessarily result in accurate representation. We develop methods for validating and adjusting the discretization parameters to achieve more accurate simulations.


Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. We present the case of a 65-year-old male patient who developed bone marrow suppression following 2 years of febuxostat therapy for the management of gout. While it is generally well-tolerated, rare cases of bone marrow suppression have been reported. This case highlights the importance of monitoring complete blood counts in patients on febuxostat therapy and considering bone marrow suppression as a potential adverse effect.


The purpose of this paper is to identify some of the issues identified and lessons learned in the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that was established between the Provinces of Alberta, British Columbia (BC) and Parks Canada in order to set the framework for a collaborative and coordinated approach in delivering highway traveler information across all three jurisdictions so that the public may receive timely, accurate and consistent highway traveler information in order to plan their trips or adjust their travel plans accordingly. This multi-jurisdictional project is a first step to identifying the most efficient way to provide consistent information seamlessly across the various borders to the traveling public. Since the MOU's inception, The Ministry of Transportation of British Columbia has launched a new province-wide web-based traveler information system called Drive BC and Alberta in partnership with British Columbia, Parks Canada, the Alberta Motor Association (AMA), and IBI Group, are piloting a new web-based traveler information system called Drive West.


This paper integrated quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the Shanghai information service industry cluster in depth.It found that the key problems are the low enterprise agglomerating degree,the lack of industry leading enterprises,failure of forming efficient regional innovation network,and so on.Based on the above findings,this paper proposed some suggestions and measures on how to improve the Shanghai information service industry cluster in order to promote regional economics development.


In the pavement design, the tire load is usually assumed to be a circular or rectangular evenly distributed load, which is actually not like this. In order to provide data reference for the development of tire-pavement contact stress intelligent test instrument, it is necessary to model the tire-pavement system, and construct tire-pavement 3D finite element model using large finite element software. Firstly, establish three-dimensional model of tire and road surface, and impose certain loads and constraints. Secondly, the triaxial contact stress of the tire-pavement under static conditions is analyzed. Then the triaxial stress under traction conditions is analyzed, and the triaxial stress under different conditions of use of the tire is compared and analyzed. The results show that as the load of the tire gradually increases, the maximum vertical contact stress and the maximum longitudinal stress gradually decrease, but the maximum lateral pressure gradually increases. When the inflation pressure of the tire is gradually increased, the contact stresses in the three directions are correspondingly increased. However, the maximum vertical contact stress and maximum longitudinal stress increase more obviously than the maximum transverse contact stress. In addition, the transverse contact stress could be ignored under traction conditions.


On the basis of summarizing methods for determination of instrumental error of terrestrial laser scanner(TLS),self-calibration method for systematic error determination of TLS is discussed and self-calibration error model is derived in detail on the basis of spacial similarity transformation,which consists of 11 parameters,including 6 external orientation parameters and 5 systematic instrumental error parameters.In order to test the correctness of the error model,an experiment was conducted.Leica HDS3000 was taken as experimental instrument.Firstly,some data were used as control points to calculate instrumental systematic errors,and then scanning coordinates were corrected.Lastly check points were used to testify the correction effect of systematic errors.The experiment results show,after correcting systematic errors,data quality improves a lot,which demonstrates the feasibility and correctness of the error model.


Grupo Electroban SAECA (Electroban) is a Paraguayan retail company that commercializes appliances and home products in base of the pyramid (BOP) segments of the population in the country. The company sells energy- efficient appliances, productive assets such as agricultural tools, and sturdy furniture, and offers financing with flexible repayment schedules to low-income individuals and microentrepreneurs.


OF THE DISSERTATION Shepherding in greener pastures: Causes and consequences of the dual transition of celibate Catholic priests into married Protestant ministry By STEPHEN JOSEPH FICHTER Dissertation Director: Ellen L. Idler Since the late 1960s, roughly one-quarter of Roman Catholic priests in America have resigned, motivated mainly by a desire to marry. While several sociologists (e.g., Fichter, Greeley, Hoge, and Schoenherr) have studied the motivations and actions of resigned priests (who usually maintain their Catholic identity and take up some form of non-pastoral employment after their transition), this research seeks to describe a neverbefore-studied subgroup that chose to re-focus their lives towards Protestant ministry. The research offices of the five mainline Protestant Churches (Congregational, Episcopal, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian) identified 414 such ministers, of whom 32 percent chose to participate. All 133 respondents completed a 12-page survey either by anonymous return mail or during a telephone or a face-to-face interview. The analysis plan, designed to answer the four research questions (outlined below), consisted of three parts: 1) a detailed reporting on the frequencies of the principal variables, 2) a series of cross-tabulations, and 3) several multivariate regression models.


We have made a calculation of the propagation of positrons from dark-matter particle annihilation in the Galactic halo for different models of the dark matter halo distribution using our 3D code. We show that the Green's functions are not very sensitive to the dark matter distribution for the same local dark matter energy density. We compare our predictions with computed cosmic ray positron spectra ("background") for the "conventional" cosmic-ray nucleon spectrum which matches the local measurements, and a modified spectrum which respects the limits imposed by measurements of diffuse Galactic gamma-rays, antiprotons, and positrons. We conclude that significant detection of a dark matter signal requires favourable conditions and precise measurements unless the dark matter is clumpy which would produce a stronger signal. Although our conclusion qualitatively agrees with that of previous authors, it is based on a more realistic model of particle propagation and thus reduces the scope for future speculations. Reliable background evaluation requires new accurate positron measurements and further developments in modelling production and propagation of cosmic ray species in the Galaxy.


ABSTRACT This paper proposes a method to probabilistically quantify the moments (mean and variance) of excavated material during excavation by aggregating the prior moments of the grade blocks around the given bucket dig location. By modelling the moments as random probability density functions (pdf) at sampled locations, a formulation of the sums of Gaussian-based uncertainty estimation is presented that jointly estimates the location pdfs, as well as the prior values for uncertainty coming from ore body knowledge (obk) sub-block models. The method was tested in a region situated in the Brockman Iron Formation of the Hamersley Province, Western Australia.


We report a rare case of a solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst(ABC)of the right 4th rib.A 29-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray.Chest computed tomography(CT)demonstrated the lesion mass to be located in the area of theright 4th rib. Bone scintigram revealed a hot spot in the right 4th rib. The right 4th rib wasresected en bloc with the parietal pleura, and adjacent intercostal muscles via right anteriorthoracotomy. Postoperative pathological evaluation was consistent with a solid variant of ABC.


Although several approaches have been proposed towards self-adaptation of Web services, most of them work in isolation and few of them deal with cross-layer and trust issues. Indeed, the complex layered nature of service-based systems frequently leads to service failure and conflicting adaptation. To tackle this problem, we propose an ontology-based categorization of service behavior across all the functional layers. The proposed ontology provides support for cross-layer self-adaptation by facilitating reasoning about events to identify the real source of service failure, and reasoning about self-adaptation actions to check integrity and compatibility of self-adaptation with constraints imposed by each layer.


Knowledge management is one of the strategies designed to tackle various challenges which modern tertiary institutions are facing. Tertiary institutions are no longer expected to live and operate in isolation. This paper examined knowledge management and creativity elements expected of lecturers in Nigerian universities. A total of 200 lecturers from two government owned universities randomly drawn, participated in the study. Three research questions guided the study to reveal knowledge management creativity competencies of university lecturers in Anambra State of Nigeria. A four-point Likert type scale questionnaire of 34- items was used for data collection. Frequency distribution table and mean were used for analysis of the research questions. The instrument was validated by two experts in Education Management, while split-half reliability coefficient values of 0.85, 0.80 and 0.90 were determined. Findings revealed 13- knowledge management creativity elements expected of lecturers for successful performance of their duties; low level application of these knowledge management creativity elements and 13 strategies for effective possession and applications of the enumerated competencies. Recommendations included: Knowledge and Learning Managers should be made available to universities and lecturers by university stakeholders. This will provide tools for creativity competencies development, delivery, reporting and management of training/learning materials. Knowledge management creativity competence related workshops should be organized regularly for these lecturers to enable them develop these skills so as to inculcate same in their students (future organization managers).


Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) developed in the last 30 years to a prominent field of Knowledge Discovery, Processing and Representation. Well-known for its intuitive representation of conceptual structures as order diagrams, FCA handles conceptual hierarchies which can be derived from various data sets. This makes FCA suitable for knowledge management tasks in many fields. We consider the problem of using FCA as a quality of education evaluation tool for the instructor. Students are using educational resources in an e-learning platform and the raw data set consists only of the subsequent recorded weblogs. After a preprocessing stage, various conceptual structures - among them behavioral patterns of e-learning resources usage - are distilled from the dataset using conceptual scaling and triadic FCA and are altogether offered as a decision support for the instructor. We prove the efficiency of using FCA in comparing students behavior through the educational process and highlight how new educational strategies correlate with their academic performance and the use of online learning ressources.


Carbon trading is an effective market emission reduction mechanism. In order to formulate effective market policy, it is necessary to access a deep understanding of carbon trading policy implementation. So based on the panel data of 30 regions in China from 2001 to 2016, we investigated the factors of carbon emissions through LMDI decomposition approach, and then discuss the effect of policy implementation in eight pilots using synthetic control methods. The main conclusions are as follows: The distribution tendency of carbon emissions in China is obviously high in the east and low in the west, and the proportion of these regions' emissions to the total are respectively around 48.7%, 34.0% and 17.3%. The total carbon emissions effect can be divided into five parts, which respectively are energy structure, energy intensity, economic development, urbanization and population size. The gap between real and synthetic carbon emissions in each pilot is enlarged after implementation. The probability of the real policy effect is 4.35%, which at a 5% significant level refuses the original assumption that there is no policy effect, and shows that the carbon trading policy can effectively reduce emissions and achieve the goal of total control.


Abstract During the flight season male and female beetles of Costelytra zealandica (White) were introduced to swards of common pasture grasses, clovers, weeds, radish (Raphanus sativus), barley Hordeum sativum), and bare ground which had been established in field soil in small pots. The number of beetles on the foliage and, later, the number of eggs laid were counted. The largest numbers of beetles were consistently observed on foliage of radish, Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and the smallest number of beetles were observed on paspalum (P. dilatatum) and bare ground. There were no significant differences in egg counts between treatments.


Previously we found that a strain of Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) exhibited bioherbicidal activity against several important weeds, and that some commercial formulations of glyphosate applied with MV resulted in synergistic interactions that improved weed control efficacy. We also found that MV had bioherbicidal activity against glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. We have also reported that some commercial formulations are inhibitory to MV. Our objectives were to test the effect of unformulated glyphosate (high purity, technical-grade glyphosate) alone and in combination with MV for bioherbicidal activity on glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes under greenhouse conditions and to examine technical-grade glyphosate on the growth of this bioherbicide. High purity glyphosate (without adjuvants/surfactants) was not toxic to MV growth and sporulation at concentrations up to 2.0 mM when grown on agar supplemented with the herbicide. Both biotypes were injured by MV and MV plus glyphosate treatments as early as 19 h after application (3 h after a dew period of 16 h). These injury effects increased and were more evident through the 6-day time course, when after 120 h the MV plus glyphosate treatment had killed all glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant plants. The interaction of glyphosate plus MV was synergistic toward the control of Palmer amaranth. Data strongly suggest that the active ingredient is responsible for the synergy previously found when this bioherbicide was combined with some commercial formulations of glyphosate. Results demonstrated that MV can control both glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible Palmer amaranth seedlings and act synergistically with high-purity glyphosate to provide improved weed control.


Relatively few investigations on the protective effect of chemical radioprotectors against chronic consequences and after fractionated radiation have been reported and the results have been equivocal. An experiment was therefore designed to investigate protective effect of cysteamine both at sublethal doses of fractionated irradiation up to accumulated doses in the lethal range, and on the late effects among the survivors. The results on the mortality up to 30 days after the last irradiation and on such a chronic effect as shortening of life span have been published earlier (NELSON et coll. 1963, 1967). In order to find out whether or not the chronic effects of irradiation have been influenced by the chemical radioprotector the histopathologic diagnoses at death have been investigated among those surviving the acute effects, i.e. 30 days after last irradiation.


For the first time in history it is possible to image radiation dose delivered to patients in radiation therapy for cancer, by capturing the Cherenkov light emissions coming from their tissue. These light signals can also be used to excite molecular probes to assay tissue function and potentially response to therapy.


Though LU Xun had non-profit ultimate purpose to engage in publishing activities,his audience awareness is sensitive.From content to form,he pursued perfection as much as possible,integrated information resources by various ways,and paid much attention to the publicity and exhibition of publications,all of which disclosed his distinct market awareness.


—The synchronization of neural activity in the human brain has great significance for coordinating its various cognitive functions. It changes throughout time and in response to frequency. The activity is measured in terms of brain signals, like an electroencephalogram (EEG). The time-frequency (TF) synchronization among several EEG channels is measured in this research using an efficient approach. Most frequently, the windowed Fourier transforms-short-time Fourier transform (STFT), as well as wavelet transform (WT), and are used to measure the TF coherence. The information provided by these model-based methods in the TF domain is insufficient. The proposed synchro squeezing transform (SST)-based TF representation is a data-adaptive approach for resolving the problem of the traditional one. It enables more perfect estimation and better tracking of TF components. The SST generates a clearly defined TF depiction because of its data flexibility and frequency reassignment capabilities. Furthermore, a non-identical smoothing operator is used to smooth the TF coherence, which enhances the statistical consistency of neural synchronization. The experiment is run using both simulated and actual EEG data. The outcomes show that the suggested SST-dependent system performs significantly better than the previously mentioned traditional approaches. As a result, the coherences dependent on the suggested approach clearly distinguish between various forms of motor imagery movement. The TF coherence can be used to measure the interdependencies of neural activities.


Experiential learning is an important contributor to higher education. Incorporating experiential learning into a program of study helps provide a new avenue for the application of theory to practice. These activities are often in the form of volunteer services, which help students translate classroom learning into real-world solutions, address community needs, help students serve their neighbors, facilitate campus–community collaboration, and connect students with local organizations. This article describes an assessment of educationally relevant experiences at a student-run free health clinic. The majority of students believed that their clinic experiences fit well into their academic curriculum and schedule. They considered this a positive and worthwhile endeavor, both because of their own personal gain in knowledge, skills, and experiences and because of the direct benefit to the local community. Overall, the students' experiences were very positive and were consistent with achieving the clinic's and the university's goals.


Research has debated if exposure to communism reduces an individual's risk-taking propensity. Some have argued that communism suppresses individuals' risk-taking to keep a low profile. Others have ...


Use of lubricious, high-temperature-capable ceramic-piston-rings may reduce fictional losses in engines. Silicon nitride (Si3 N4) rings with a functional gradient of titanium nitride (TiN) towards the ring outside diameter (OD) were fabricated by centrifugal spinning of a ceramic slurry followed by nilriding. A 10 volume percent (v/o) UN-silicon slurry resulted in a greater concentration of UN (and higher microhardness) near the ring OD (compared to 20 v/o TiN). Unlubricaled pin-on-disk tests of a 10 v/o TiN/Si3 N4 pin vs. a 30 v/o TiC/Si3N4 disk in air exhibited coefficients of friction (COF) of about 0.65 that were independent of temperature (20-800°C). Wear tests were also performed in which boron nitride (BN) powder was added between the ceramic pin and ceramic dish materials, which subsequently reduced COF to <0.2 for temperatures ≤300°C. Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois May 14–19, 1995


In this paper,the exponential stability of stochastic neural networks with delay is investigated.By making use of Lyapunov function and combining with the method of inequality analysis,we establish two types of sufficient conditions for the exponential stability in the mean square and surely exponential stability.The conditions are obtained by extending the results of cellular neural networks and Hopfield stochastic neural networks with delay.


Solanum glycosides such as -solamargine, -chaconine, -solanine and -tomatine were found to be highly cytotoxic towards human melanoma cells. In contrast, the aglycones solanidine, solasodine, demissidine, tomatidine and solanocapsine showed lesser activity. Mixtures of -solamargine and -chaconine; -solamargine and -solasonine; -chaconine and -solanine; as well as -solasonine and -solanine showed synergistic effects upon these cells. On the other hand, -solamargine and -solanine; -chaconine and -solasonine as well as -chaconine and -tomatine showed additive or antagonic effects.


The 16S rRNA is the most widely accepted gene used for identification. It has contributed greatly to the discovery of new species of Mycobacterium genus. In the present study 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize different non-tuberculous mycobacterial species. This technique was found to be useful in confirmation of identity of large number of isolates showing variable characters. Using this method M. manitobense was identified for the first time in India.


In this paper, a kind of fuzzy reasoning based on genetic algorithms (GA) is introduced. The fuzzy reasoning system uses genetic algorithms to adjust weights of all reasoning rules synthetically. At last, the results of computer simulations also reveal that GA is effective and practical in optimizing those weights.


Objective To investigate the visual function and refractive status after cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity.Methods Long-term(more than three and half years)visual function and refractive status were analyzed in 16 cases(32 eyes)who underwent cryotherapy in our hospital.Results There were 2 eyes with corrected visual acuity less than 0.05,4 eyes with corrected visual acuity from 0.05 to 0.10,5 eyes with corrected visual acuity from 0.1 to 0.3,10 eyes with corrected visual acuity from 0.3 to 0.5 and 11 eyes with corrected visual acuity be and more than 0.5.There were 2 eyes with refractive status from 3 D to 5 D,2 eyes with refractive status from 0 D to 3 D,2 eyes with refractive status from-3 D to 0 D,16 eyes with refractive status from-3 D to-6 D and 8 eyes with refractive status be and less than-6 D.The refractive status was not detected because of posterior retinal detachment in 2 eyes.Conclusion Cryotherapy affectes visual function of children with retinopathy of prematurity,and increases the incidence of refractive errors mainly including hyopia and astigmatism.


concise introduction to tonal harmony l poundie burstein understanding dynamic range in digital photography art projects ehow unbanked american households hit record low numbers in 2021 tone linguistics wikipedia heavy check mark emoji emojipedia pantone usa color of the year 2020 pantone 19 4052 multi exposure hdr capture wikipedia hbo max s titans season 4 episode 1 review cbr com an introduction to audio electronics sound microphones speakers dance of the sugar plum fairy from the nutcracker the royal the ultimate tonal program guide send code of practice 0 to 25 years gov uk sanskrit wikipedia understanding resolution and mtf norman koren books cornell university press niger congo languages wikipedia dr martens official enjoy up to 40 off select styles Τα τελευταία νέα διατίθενται ως δωρεάν βίντεο κατ απαίτηση color and tonal correction basics adobe inc chinese music characteristics history instruments genres nbc chimes wikipedia scale music wikipedia piano definition history types facts britannica martin luther king i have a dream speech august 28 1963 use raw details and super resolution in adobe camera raw microsoft takes the gloves off as it battles sony for its activision microsoft says a sony deal with activision stops call of duty vietnam wikipedia トップ 店舗 atm検索 イオン銀行 库客数字音乐图书馆 库客音乐 rococo definition art painting characteristics britannica système tonal wikipédia roman numeral analysis wikipedia jazz wikipedia visual design elements and principles wikipedia paul s extreme sound stretch sourceforge fundamentals of music theory coursera history of photography history inventions artists events microsoft is building an xbox mobile gaming store to take on practical introduction to time frequency analysis ghazal wikipedia gibson les paul wikipedia effects in photoshop elements adobe inc


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In the past year or two many new chemicals have entered the field of insecticides but the majority of them are not useful in the control of the peach twig borer.


This paper discusses two processes of production of space and how historiography of architecture relates to them. The first one is based on professional design of extraordinary spaces (monuments) and is widespread during the 20th century, even in the design of ordinary buildings. We understand it through Henri Lefebvre's 'conceived space': the architect's intellectual work dominates the builder's manual work by means of abstract concepts, tools and codes. Its products are the objects of prevailing histories of architecture reinforcing the very concepts used before. In contrast, the second process relates to Lefebvre's 'lived space'. It is collective and cooperative, characterized by people's engagement and negotiation on nonhierarchical building-sites, in which design, building and use are simultaneous. It creates everyday spaces in constant change, such as Brazilian favelas. Prevailing histories of architecture do not include this second process, because there are no concepts, schools, authors or finished products to be reified, while alternative approaches, also called 'new history' (School of Annales, 'history from below', microhistory, Alltagsgeschichte), have not yet reached the academic field of architecture. Our question is how to include the production of lived space in this field, as the way of making history is crucial to define the understanding of students and professionals about their role in society.


Governments across the globe are eager to foster entrepreneurial ecosystems, yet there is no consensus on what policies to use. We develop a theory about the equilibrium consequences of two canonical types of entrepreneurship policies: policies that encourage entrepreneurs to found new ventures, and policies that encourage investors to fund new ventures. We distinguish between a short-term impact on current market activity, versus a long-term impact on future activity. Investing in entrepreneurial ventures requires tacit knowledge that is mainly acquired through prior entrepreneurial experience, implying that the supply of capital depends on successful entrepreneurs from prior generations. Recognizing this intergenerational linkage has a profound impact on the market equilibrium, and the effect of entrepreneurship policies. Our analysis identifies a rationale for using funding polices.


Abstract. Three disaggregation methods, i.e. Calgon, acetic acid and electric
pulse fragmentation (EPF), have been applied to a range of heavily
lithified, carbonate-rich sedimentary rock samples of Paleogene age. Samples
are predominantly from the carbonate-rich, shallow water domain (  m palaeo-water depth) of Tanzania, Malta and the United Arab Emirates
(Paleogene Tethys Ocean). The effectiveness and efficiency of each method
has been compared, in addition to the preservation of the resultant liberated
microfossil material (primarily larger foraminifera; LF). Of the three
methods, the most efficient and effective was EPF, which liberated the
largest number of LF in a very short processing time and resulted in the
best preservation. Samples with calcitic, silicic, and clay matrices and
cements were successfully disaggregated using EPF. In this study, recovered
microfossils were largely >500 µ m, suggesting this
technique may be more appropriate for liberating larger microfossils (e.g.
LFs); however, we discuss nuances to the method that would allow for more
effective recovery of smaller microfossil specimens. The more traditional
acetic acid method was also able to disaggregate a number of the samples;
however, preservation of the LF was compromised. We suggest a best-practice
methodology for implementing EPF in micropalaeontological studies.


A microstrip parametric amplifier with the idler stop-band filter incorporated in the varactor holder, will be described, citing 15-dB gain and 1-dB bandwidth of 500 MHz with a 2.3-dB noise figure obtained over the band.


A simple descriptive study using the survey to determine the utilization pattern of institutional facility for childbirth by women in certain rural communities in West Bengal. The objectives were to identify the reasons for institutional & home delivery & seeking association between the institutional facility utilization pattern for delivery with selected demographic factors. A sample of 572 mothers were selected& the tool was a personal and obstetric interview schedule and 20 needs-based questions. The proportion of institutional and home delivery found to be 3:7. The reasons for institutional delivery were the availability of health care staff (67% nurses), health care workers motivated the choice(100%), the distances of health centre were less than 4 km (60%), the expenses were reasonable (73%), no obstetric/medical or disease history (80%) and no psychosocial beliefs were associated. The reasons identified for home childbirth were the easy availability of traditional birth attendants (52%), didn't receive any information or motivation from health workers (71%), the distances of health facility were over 4 km (80%), the spending was smaller (90%)at home, the decision-making authority waste in-laws (74%), psychosocial believes were associated (60%) with delivery.


The widespread usage of computers brought new challenges into the design, production and external representation of data with generative approaches. Within the last few years, generative methods have gained attention especially in the context of cultural heritage. As generative model describes a rather ideal object than a real one, generative methods are a basis for visualisation of archaeological data. In order to make archaeological data accessible to cultural heritage experts and to the general public, we created generative geospatial maps which accounts for the visualisation of data through online systems. In this study, the voronoi polygons are drawn onto Google Maps while the geospatial data is processed in Javascript using generative voronoi diagrams. An alternative approach on the external representation of archaeological data has been put forward by using voronoi diagrams as an interface. These diagrams are spatial decomposition of a given space, determined by distances to a specified family of objects. Thus, they enable the division of such multi-dimensional spaces into subspaces. This external representation approach is based on deformation of the point cloud formed. Within the constraints of the data gathered, the point cloud is visualised according to the number of archaeological finds in each site. On the next stage, the point cloud is turned into voronoi diagram to highlight the density of archaeological data based on the geographical distribution, and it helps to externalise the relationship between different sites around the coastal line.


Abstract:Tocqueville's first and second memoirs on pauperism are published here in English translation by Christine Dunn Henderson. The text includes the first English translation of the second memoir. In addition, two brief notes on pauperism in Normandy and in the United States are also included.


Production of finished products is strictly ruled by various laws, regulations and directives. Taking sachet filling as an example, continuous process control was installed following a relatively simple technical approach. Focussing on fill weight control, there is the opportunity of immediate corrections in case of process deviations. At the same time, comprehensive information supoorting routine control of lots produced, validation of equipment and REFA studies is easily accessible


This is a 5-minute narrated video that shows students how to assemble Dean and Stark distillation apparatus. It is in Flash Movie format and the ZIP file contains everything required - simply upload it to Blackboard as a package file, unpack it and use dean-and-stark.htm as the start page.


Metrical theories agree upon the fundamental function of time as the basis along which the organizing principles in the perception of poetic rhythm are articulated. The fact that it plays an inescapable role in music - and indeed all human activities, from the circadian rhythms of biology to its presence in metaphysics - raises complex and wide-ranging questions about its role in the arts, questions that deal with concepts beyond the insights and epistemological principles of the linguistic theories that are the basis of most current metrical studies. There is a gap between the linguistic approach and that of literary criticism, and although it is a matter of contention, there is a certain tendency in some scholars from either field to make brief incursions into the opposing side. The aims of this paper are to briefly explore and survey the limits of some of the approaches in relation to the temporal element and to provide some examples from either field which could lead to an outline of a few shared perspectives. The origin of this paper lies in an attempt to provide a survey of different views on the role of time in poetry, in particular of the relation between its presence at a basic constituent level - such as syllable duration or the principle of stresstiming - which requires for its study the perspective of applied linguistics, and the speculations about time which pertain to the domain of literary criticism. These two views imply different epistemological principles in their extreme versions. Applied linguistics seeks to provide a rigorous method of research, description and analysis within the boundaries of the current disciplines of language, with the assistance of concepts and methods based on empirical proof, logical discourse and detached, objective and scholarly prose. On the other hand, most of the trends in literary


Rapidly changing patterns of service principles and practices in community mental health services raise new dilemmas in service ethics and relationship boundaries for which staff have little guidance for decision making.


Dear Editor

Gordon, Catchpole and Baker1 have discussed and investigated a very interesting, currently relevant, subject in medical education; particularly with the introduction of the prescribing test for undergraduates trialled in the UK this year and set to become a fully-fledged part of the curriculum and assessment criteria for 2014 graduates.2 It would of course be of great interest to compare the themes discussed in this paper and see they how would compare to recent graduates in late 2014.

Anecdotal evidence suggests these prescribing tests have not been popular with students, and a recent poll (by the authors of this letter) of students whom had taken this test in 2013, added credence to this with 63 out of 76 (83%) stating they found the prescribing test of no benefit.3 The issue with the prescribing test is it seen by students as yet another barrier which they must cross and 'tick the box' rather than being an essential skill that will reduce iatrogenic incidents.

Unfortunately, prescribing tests seem to be a last ditch attempt by medical educators to convey the message to the public that medical students have been trained and examined in prescribing, whilst arguably not being not the case. The authors would argue, that the first group of students to take this will have more than likely received no formal training, tutorials or lectures regarding the skills of prescribing – the skills will have been expected to have been picked up on already busy placements. If students are to be expected to take an exam in prescribing then some provision must be made within the curriculum to allow them to learn the skills needed to pass this exam. To reduce iatrogenic medication errors and have competent medical undergraduates then prescribing skills must be instigated from an early stage in the undergraduate curriculum.

Comparison can be made to communication skills which have only recently been given a central role in the UK undergraduate curriculum, perhaps prescribing is next.


The invention provides a heat-transfer structure. An apparatus 100 comprising a first substrate 130 having a first surface 125, a second substrate 132 having a second surface 127 facing the first surface and an array 170 of metallic raised features 170 being located on the first surface, each raised feature being in contact with the first surface to the second surface, a portion of the raised features being deformed via a compressive force 305.


This study is to investigate factors affecting on nursing core competencies of nursing students based on previous studies and to analyze structural equation model by building a hypothetical model and verifying the fit of the model. For data collection, after IRB approval, we visited 3 three-year nur...


A network security metric may provide quantifiable evidence to assist security practitioners in securing computer networks. However, research on security metrics based on attack graph is not applicable to the characteristics of internal attack; therefore we propose an internal network security metric method based on attack probability. Our approach has the following benefits: it provides the method of attack graph simplification with monitoring event node which could solve the attack graph exponential growth with the network size, while undermining the disguise of internal attacks and improving the efficiency of the entire method; the method of attack probability calculation based on simplified attack graph can simplify the complexity of internal attacks and improve the accuracy of the approach.


I provide new empirical and theoretical evidence about the effectiveness of sterilized interventions on exchange rates. These new developments are particularly important to understand why central bankers from developing countries tend to intervene during periods of financial distress. In the first half of the paper, I apply a VAR formulation to measure the effects of sterilized interventions on the U.S. bilateral exchange rate. Information from the Exchange Stabilization Fund in the U.S. for the period 1974 -- 2000 is used to identify a shock that is orthogonal to the U.S. money supply and therefore mimics the role of sterilized interventions. According to my identification strategy, a sterilized intervention shock in favor of the U.S. dollar would appreciate it against a trade-weighted currency index by roughly 1 percent. This appreciation is statistically significant, lasts for about 1 year, and is robust to alternative identification strategies. Then, I devote the second part of the paper to rationalize the results from the empirical section by studying sterilized interventions within a two-country general equilibrium model. I find that if trading bonds is costly worldwide and asset markets are incomplete, a domestic government purchase of domestic bonds accompanied by a sale of foreign bonds, a sterilized intervention, appreciates the domestic currency. Accordingly, a calibrated version of the model renders similar results to those from the VAR formulation.


In given article the approach to statement of a problem of optimal distribution of tasks in the computing system consisting of computers of various capacity and streams of tasks with different total duration various, leaning on the basic mathematical positions of a classical transport problem is considered, but considering thus specificity of a problem that will allow to find further more effective decision for such problems. It is proved, that the problem of distribution of tasks in the computing system can be considered as the modified transport problem.


is more especially indicated if the uterus is bulky, showing delayed involution, since this points to putrefaction, of retained products or to septic endometritis. (6) If clots or placenta are discovered, they should be removed by the fiuger or curette, a douche given, and a gauze drain inserted for 24 hours. (7) In the great majority of cases it is wiser to thoroughly curette the uterus with the object of removing the whole of the decidua and retained products. (8) There is no evidence that


With the widespread popularity of the Internet of Things and the rapid development of vehicle communication technology, it has gradually become normal to realize vehicle evaluation, selection, and large-scale data distribution based on edge infrastructure. Collaborative data distribution through Wifi and CV modes effectively improves traffic efficiency, reduces road traffic accident rates, and improves user driving experience. Therefore, this paper will study the data security technology of Internet of Vehicles collaboration based on the dead reckoning method. To realize the security of data interaction, this paper describes the research of indoor positioning and the Internet of vehicles, respectively.


ion involved the notions of "as if" and "don't care"—"as if" in the sense of turning to anonymity in looking at a molecule as moving steadily in the same direction, and "don't care" in the sense of ignoring concrete details which could be


Changing economic environment, innovative production technologies and the need to obtain relevant information in decisionmaking, management determines the organizations to seek different approaches to identify economies of scale. Economies of scale are manifested as an effect of cost reduction. The article proposes a comparative analysis of two methods of establishing costs that allow the identification and quantification of economies of scale. The research proposes a distribution of indirect costs depending on the cause-effect relationship between activity and product. The research results show a cost difference in the case of implementing the Activity-based costing (ABC) cost system, thus recognizing the usefulness and compatibility of the method.


An extensive ichnofossil assemblage is reported from ripple-laminated sandstones ~ 20 m and ~45m above the base of the Abo Formation, near Lone Mountain in the northern Caballo Mountains (Sierra County,New Mexico). This assemblage is of early Wolfcampian age and derived from sheetflood sandstones depositedon a broad floodplain with no direct marine influence on sedimentation. Invertebrate ichnofossils are assignedto Permichnium sp., Stiaria intermedia and cf. Tonganoxichnus robledoensis, and several problematic inverte-brate ichnofossils are unassigned. The tetrapod ichnofossils are assigned to Batrachichnus salamandroides, Dromopus lacertoides, cf. Gilmoreichnus hermitanus and Dimetropus nicolasi. Tonganoxichnus, Batrachichnus and Dromopus are the most common ichnofossils, and the relatively low ichnodiversity distinguishes the Caballoichnoassemblage from that of the Robledo Mountains Formation in the Robledo Mountains. The differencesbetween the Caballo and Robledo Mountains ichnoassemblages are not age related, but most likely reflectpaleoenvironmental differences along a north-south transect from tidal flat (Robledo Mountains) to inland flood-plain (Caballo).


This article outlines reasons why it is vital that housing, health and adult social care work together with planners in the fast‐moving agenda on older people's housing. Effective partnership working will provide significant benefits for older people, manifested in development of a range of innovative, well‐planned and well‐designed housing that is future‐proofed and affordable, to enable older people to continue to live independently in the community for as long as possible.


Objective To investigate the expression difference of maspin gene in salivary gland tumors and their potential role in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.Methods Expression of maspin gene was detected by immunohistochemical staining of streptavidin-perosidase(SP) method in pleomorphic adenoma,adenoid cystic carcinoma,mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma.Results The expressions of maspin gene in the four kinds of salivary gland tumors were all observed,among the total,the positive expression rate of pleomorphic adenoma was 92%,adenoid cystic carcinoma was 36%,mucoepidermoid carcinoma 45% and acinic cell carcinoma 50% respectively.The positive expression rate of maspin gene in pleomorphic adenoma was significantly higher than that of adenoid cystic carcinoma,mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma,and there was a significant difference among them(P0.05).Conclusion There is a correlation between the expression of maspin gene and salivary gland tumors,and the expression of maspin gene had some significance of differential diagnosis in salivary gland tumors.


This study demonstrates that fusidic acid reduces the phosphorylation of protein synthesis elongation factor 2 in cell-free translation systems prepared from rat liver, rabbit reticulocytes and the plant Cucumis sativus at concentrations at which the antibiotic effectively inhibits protein synthesis in these systems


The level of capital requirement generated by the IRB approach depends crucially on the asset correlation, a parameter that enters the regulatory risk weight formula and is determined by the Regulators. Several studies have estimated the asset correlations and found that the empirical values are materially lower than the regulatory calibration included in the Basel framework. However, the simple comparison between different estimates of this parameter does not easily translates into a clear economic interpretation. In this paper, we use detailed data from Italian banks to show how to extract from the regulatory risk measures easily interpretable figures i.e. the Worst-Case Default Rate (WCDR) and the Worst-Case Loss (WCL) and we show how the asset correlation influences these measures. We then provide a rationale for the regulatory calibration in terms of corrections to well-known limits of the underlying models like the assumption of perfect granularity. We claim that our approach can provide a better understating of the IRB risk measures fostering their transparency and reliability but also simplifying the comparison among different banks. We apply the proposed approach exploiting some data sources (publicly available and proprietary). As the data used is mainly referred to the Italian system and, in particular, to only two banks, the empirical results obtained are meant just to provide a practical example.


Skin temperatures were recorded preoperatively with a surface temperature probe in 30 limbs of 26 patients undergoing amputations for peripheral vascular disease. A significant correlation was established between the temperature readings and stump survival at the selected levels. All amputation levels with temperature readings above 32° C healed, and all those with readings below 30.5° C failed to heal. If the difference between skin temperature and room temperature was less than 5° C the amputation generally failed.


Layered offset hierarchical QAM modulation scheme is proposed to enhance the high priority stream error performance by reducing the intersymbol interference from the superimposed symbols of the low priority stream. The proposed scheme shifts the symbols of the two priority layers by half the symbol duration, whereas the detector performs multi-stage maximum-likelihood detection with interference cancellation. The simulations demonstrate the performance and design options offered by the proposed scheme compared to conventional hierarchical schemes where no time offset exists between the superimposed symbols.


The ATOC experiment transmitted 75‐Hz signals from Pioneer Seamount off the coast of California to a vertical line array (VLA) off Hawaii. The combination of VLA and long‐range propagation provides the opportunity to perform mode‐based internal wave tomography. Each arrival is mode‐filtered and the statistics of the mode arrivals are tabulated. These individual mode arrival time (centroid) and spread are then compared with calculated mode statistics from broadband PE modeling of the propagation path. In this manner a statistically robust inversion for the internal wave strength is performed. The weakness of the inversion is the sensitivity to the bottom scattering near the source. Results for one year of data will be presented for two different bottom types. The long‐scale time series may indicate possible sources of internal waves in the ocean. Small time scale variations may be attributable to internal tides. a)The ATOC Group: A. B. Baggeroer, D. Menememlis, and C. Wunsch (MIT); T. Birdsall, K. Metzger ...


With the rapid economic development and the popularization of higher education in our country,the vocational and academic colleges are bound to have a bright potential.As the core of higher vocational education,teachers in the above-mentioned colleges are inevitable to experience career developments and changes.Based on the lifecycle theory,the essay presents three forms of the career transformation of the teachers in vocational and academic colleges.And the main forms of training are also offered which can be greatly helpful to the performance of teachers in vocational and academic colleges.


Hilsden et al conducted a postal survey of members of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada (CCFC), gathering data on the use of both conventional therapy and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The response rate was 76% (quite good for a mailed survey), although 9% of respondents stated that they did not actually have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (their data were excluded from the analysis). The data regarding CAM use were difficult to follow, as there was a blending of past and current reported use of CAM, as well as of CAM use specifically for IBD as opposed to for non-IBD reasons. Current or past use of CAM for IBD was reported by 47% of respondents, and ongoing use for IBD specifically was reported by 24%. It appears that most of the CAM used by IBD patients was not for their IBD. An important finding was that approximately half of IBD patients use CAM either for their IBD or for other reasons. The main CAM used was acidophilus (19%), followed by massage (18%) and flax seed (13%).


In August 1975, health professionals from around the world met in Kyoto, Japan, to exchange information and ideas on the achievements, problems and prospects of nutrition, compiled in this staff report.


relatively unknown writings from the works of Odo, second Abbot of Cluny (926-44): the Conferences (CoJJationes, c. 925) and the Life of St. Gerald of AurriJlac (Vita santi GeraJdi, c. 930/31). While both texts present the theological theme of power as a problematic, i.e., power in relation to the exercise of Christian virtue, it is the Vita which appears to offer the clearest formulation of the ideal use of power by the Christian. Odo appropriates a much loved metaphor from the tradition to capture the essence of Gerald's exemplary life: "The rhinoceros, that is any powerful man, is bound with a thong so that he may crush the clods of the valleys, that is, the oppressors of the humble" (Vita, 1.8). Dr. Rosenwein's analysis of Cluny's formative years is framed within this image as a model for Cluny's understanding of power subject to law and hence transformed into creative energy for the practice (discipline) of Christian life (order). Thanks to Dr. Rosenwein's perspective, the questions that interest theologians have a new focus. One wants to know where Odo's doctrine fits, not only as it departs from traditional approaches to the use of power by its idealization of Gerald's life "in" the world but also as it relates to Odo's contemporaries and to all who maintained a hierarchical tension between monastery and world, between Church and state. But while the theological foundations and implications of such insight appear, they are not given for their own sake nor are they pursued in any depth. Rather, the thrust of the author's argument is toward determining the role and significance of tenth century Cluny in its historical and political context. This perspective is best explained in a final chapter, which would do well as a Foreword: "Looking at Cluny in Context." There we discover the clearest statement of the author's presuppositions and how the insights of modern science can serve as structures for describing life-patterns at Cluny. This focus for dealing with the sources of Cluny's tradition is skillfully applied throughout the study. We are, indeed, led to agree that when Cluny emerges as a more dramatic influence on the world of the eleventh century, there was in fact a living tradition which integrated the exercise of power. Cluny's sources betray a dynamic concern with such power first, as it relates to Cluny's own selfunderstanding and then, as it explains Cluny's dealings with its neighbors.


Vocabulary is the essential part in English learning. Few students could survive with repeated spelling and translation exercises as the only method to memorize English words. Lack in quality as well as in quantity of English vocabulary would definitely undermine the students'ability of using the language. This paper introduces English vocabulary teaching strategy based on word formation and suggests that teachers could reverse the formation, hoping this method can help teachers as well as college students capture the way of accumulating vocabulary, intriguing interests and becoming competent.


Push-pull modulation of a symmetric two contact DFB laser substantially reduces dynamic chirp through overall on-off symmetry and reduction of mean refractive index variations. The cut-off frequency is significantly enhanced making multi-gigabit/s direct modulation attractive.<
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Mode I delamination growth in filament wound composite cylinders has been examined analytically and experimentally. Beam specimens with the axis parallel to the cylinder axis were machined from the cylinders. The specimen contained an aluminum film at one end to define a starter delamination. A beam model incorporating elastic foundation effects and curved cross sections of the sub-beams of the delamination region was developed for the beam specimens configured for a DCB test from laminated beam theory derived from a shallow shell formulation. An experimental study on [±016 and [±0112, glass/epoxy DCB specimens employing contoured loading tabs accommodated to the curved cross-section was conducted. The delaminations were initially at the mid-surface, and the angles 0 were 300, 550 and 850. Analytical predictions of the compliance were in agreement with experimental data over the range of crack lengths, beam thicknesses, and ply angles examined. The fracture toughness corresponding to propagation straight from the insert increased slightly with increased angle 0 at the ±0 interface. The propagation fracture toughness increased steeply with crack length and then dropped. The increasing resistance, i.e., R-curve behavior, is attributed to the work associated with bridging and fracture of angle-ply fiber bundles, and the drop is attributed to crack jumping to another interface. For all laminates, the crack propagated in a non-uniform manner across the width of the specimen.