isease recurrence after liver transplantation is D increasingly recognized as a major cause of graft damage with accompanying patient morbidity and, in certain viral and malignant disorders, mortality. Among the immune-related transplantation indications, recurrence is less well documented and not presently considered a major cause of graft dysfunction. Patients with end-stage autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) accounted for 2.6% of recipients in the European liver transplant registry.' This disorder, which is characterized by specific human leucocyte antigen (HIA) associations and disordered immunoregulation, frequently responds to immunosuppression. In particular, corticosteroids and azathioprine can induce clinical remission and remain the mainstay of current treatment protocols with anecdotal reports of response to cyclosporin A (CyA) in certain case^.^-^ The use of these particular agents in conventional 'triple therapy' maintenance-immunosuppression regimens following transplantation to control liver allograft rejection may, by secondarily inhibiting the autoimmune process, explain why there are so few reports of recurrence of AIH and other immunerelated liver disorders. We were the first to report recurrence of this disorder in 1984, with a larger series also reported from the University of Pittsb~rgh.~.~ In this report, we describe severe recurrence of AIH in the primary liver graft of a recipient 10 years after transplantation who had received maintenance immunosuppression consisting of CyA alone. This case as well as providing further evidence for recurrence of this disorder additionally highlights the necessity for indefinite close clinical and pathological surveillance after transplantation. The potential haz


This article presents a BJT-based CMOS temperature sensor with a wide sensing range from −50 °C to 180 °C. To effectively relax the sensor resolution requirement and conversion time over the entire temperature range to improve energy efficiency, we introduce a nonlinear subranging readout scheme together with double sampling to achieve dynamic reconfiguration of the sensor readout according to the ambient temperature. We further reduce the sensor power at high temperature by devoting the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-cancellation circuit only for BJT biasing while applying a temperature-independent bias current for the other sensor building blocks. Implemented in 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS with four-wire connections and switch-leakage compensation based on small BJTs, the proposed sensor chip prototype achieves a high resolution-FoM of 7.2 pJ<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot \text{K}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 150 °C, while featuring a small sensing error of ±0.45 °C under a 1.5-V supply.


Conception "module" and its properties are considered. Term "investment module" is introduced in practice. Sub-programs of the regional development strategy are detailed to investment modules by module principle.


Region of origin labeled food products consumption is influenced both by cognitive motives related to the individuals' health and safety concerns and by affective motives in relation within the pleasure, the emotional states and the social values. The objective of our study is to examine the effect of involvement and its nature (cognitive vs. experiential) on consumer preferences toward region of origin labeled food products. Discriminant analysis shows that both the cognitive and experiential dimensions of involvement discriminate between the two groups: those who prefer regional food products and those who prefer either national or foreign products. By targeting each profile by an adequate communication strategy, food labels could meet consumer expectations. Thus, their acceptance becomes higher.


Objective To investigate the relationship among Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) syndrome type,T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer(NK) cell of esophageal cancer patients after radiation therapy.Methods Before and after radiotherapy,120 esophageal carcinoma patients were carried out in the classification of TCM syndromes,and measured by flow cytometer of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and NK cell ratio,which surface markers were CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD3-CD56+.Results TCM syndrome constitutes was significant different before and after radiation therapy(P=0.000).In Qi and yang deficiency syndrome group,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ were lower than the other syndromes group.With the normal control group comparison,before radiotherapy,CD3+,CD3-CD56+ were significantly reduced and CD8+ were significantly increased;after radiotherapy,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,CD3-CD56+ were significantly lower,CD8+ was significantly increased.Before and after radiation therapy,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ expression were significant differences.After radiotherapy,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ were significantly reduced,CD8+ was significantly increased.Conclusion Esophageal cancer TCM syndromes were associated with immune function,which providing a theoretical basis in clinical treatment of esophageal cancer in Chinese Medicine.


A method of mapping geology at a reconnaissance scale and locating zones of possible hydrothermal alteration has been developed. This method is based on principal component analysis of Landsat digital data and is applied to the desert area of the Chagai Hills, Baluchistan, Pakistan. A method for airborne spectrometric detection of geobotanical anomalies associated with prophyry Cu-Mo mineralization at Heddleston, Montana has also been developed. This method is based on discriminants in the 0.67 micron and 0.79 micron region of the spectrum.


By using Flow4 TM sap flow system,sap flows and transpiration of Ulmus pumila L.,Ligustrum lucidum Ait,Robinia pseudoacacia L.and Acer truncatum Bge with different fertilization treatments were measured under drought stress.The results showed that the effect of fertilization on diurnal transpiration and diurnal sap was obvious,and the effect on A.truncatum and U.pumila was most significant.


Fier Tawnya D (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors in the State of Wisconsin: Their Theoretical Orientation, the Types of Therapeutic Intervention They Purchase, and the Usage and Value of These Techniques. (Title Vocational Rehabilitation Dr. John See December/1999 49 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. Of Pages) The Publications Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine what types of therapeutic intervention rehabilitation counselors in the State of Wisconsin purchase, how frequently they do, and the value counselors place in the certain types of therapeutic intervention. This study also looks at the issue of repressed memories and how frequently rehabilitation counselor's clients are recovering memories in therapy, and how many have resulted in legal actions. A survey was developed by the researcher and mailed to 215 rehabilitation counselors working for the state agency in 1999. 112 counselors responded for a return rate of 52%. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses from the survey.


Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a rare condition with hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps, melanotic mucocutaneous pigmentation and an increased risk of developing neoplasms of the pancreas, breast, lung and male and female genital tract. It has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance but the gene responsible has not, as yet, been identified. In this report a case of a poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig tumour is presented in association with ovarian tumourlets of sex cord tumour with annular tubules.


All permanent or progressive muscle contractile impairments (including advanced aging-related muscle strength decline) need permanent management. A homebased physical exercise approach may be helpful. Development of implantable devices for muscle stimulation and of electroceuticals, as effective as pace-makers for cardiac arrhythmias or cochlear implants for hearing loss are still in the future and education of hospitalized patients to take-home physical exercise managements is an effective low cost alternative. Frail elderly people due to advanced age or associated diseases are often hospitalized for long periods of time. In the hospital, their already modest amount of daily physical activity is further reduced, contributing to limit their independence to enable them to leave their beds. Inspired by the proven capability to recover skeletal muscle contractility and strength by home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation even in the worse cases of neuromuscular traumatic injuries, but, guided by common sense, we suggest a short (15-20 minutes) daily routine of twelve easy-to-perform physical exercises that may be performed in bed (Full-body In-Bed Gym). If borderline sedentary persons challenge themselves, within a few days of inpatient care, the Full-body In-Bed Gym may increase muscle strength, fatigue resistance and independence in daily life activities. In surgical units, this will permit standing of patients soon after the surgery, a mandatory measure to prevent risk of thromboembolism. Full-body In-Bed Gym helps also to mitigate the bad mood that many times accompanies mobility limitations, strengthening patients' confidence in recovering partial or total independence. Continued regularly, Full-body In-Bed Gym may help to maintain the independence of frail older people and to reduce the risks of the possible serious consequences of accidental falls. Take home message: For a long-term resting muscle the most important event is the first active muscle contraction. To transform you from a sedentary, overweight, depressed person into a more active senior, there is no need of personal trainers or devices. Read here, please, watch the video and secure a better life. Correspondence to: Dr. Andrea Marcante, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Via Alberoni 70, I-30126 Venezia-Lido, Italy; E-mail: email@example.com


We want to describe Galois groups of separable irreducible cubic and quartic polynomials in characteristic 2. For instance, if F is a field of characteristic 2 and u is transcendental over F , the polynomials X3 + uX + u and X4 + uX + u are irreducible in F (u)[X] by Eisenstein's criterion at u. What are their Galois groups over F (u)? For perspective, we begin by recalling without proof two classical results outside of characteristic 2. Theorem 1.1. Let K not have characteristic 2 and f(X) be a separable irreducible cubic in K[X]. If disc f = 2 in K then the Galois group of f(X) over K is A3. If disc f 6= 2 in K then the Galois group of f(X) over K is S3. Theorem 1.2. Let K not have characteristic 2 and f(X) = X4 + aX3 + bX2 + cX + d be irreducible in K[X]. The Galois group Gf of f(X) over K can be described in terms of whether or not its discriminant is a square in K and whether or not its cubic resolvent R3(X) = X 3 − bX + (ac− 4d)X − (ad+ c − 4bd)


Now a day, Electricity consumer demands reliable and qualitative power supply from distribution utilities due to increased use of nonlinear loads. These nonlinear loads cause power quality disturbances. In industrial plants many electrical and electronic devices are sensitive to the voltage sag. The voltage decrease is a frequent and significant issue of power quality, which has received a lot of attention. There's many numerous custom control devices available, to offset power quality disturbances. Among which dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is most effective and promising Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) Device. In this article a claim is performed with total harmonic distortion (THD) in load voltage when using MATLAB / SIMULINK to apply Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) and Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques to an inverter. The simulation results demonstrate that the comparison against SPWM and SVPWM offers greater efficiency.


The seismicity of Pribaikalye and Transbaikalia in 2013 is reviewed. 6706 earthquakes with КР≥5.6 were recorded there during that year. Most of them (92 %) are located in the Baikal rift zone. The high degree of clustering of seismic events is observed in South Baikal and Baikal-Muja areas. The largest earthquake with Mw=4.3 was in the Baikal-Muja area. Focal mechanisms of 47 earthquakes (КР9.6) were determined in 2013. Most of them correspond to normal faults, with strike-slip component contribution in some cases. Overall, the rate of seismic activity observed in Pribaikalye and Transbaikalia in 2013 was low.


This document contains the business plan for the creation of the company Archaeological Destination S.A.S, which is dedicated to provide archaeological tourism services in Bogota. The project includes the market, operational, administrative and financial studies required to evaluate the feasibility of the business' creation. The study concludes that the project is profitable and feasible to perform.


SILVA, Sergio L. Pedrosa. Uma analise da industria salineira do Rio Grande do Norte baseada no modelo de estrategia competitiva de PORTER. 2001.158f. Dissertacao (Mestrado em Engenharia de Producao). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Engenharia de Producao, UFSC, Florianopolis. The research accomplished the analysis of the salineira industry of Rio Grande do Norte, through the Porters visions, in that are approached the several aspects that involve the competitiveness and the managerial strategy and the historical aspects and institutional of the salineira industry with the objective of knowing the scenery in that she is involved. The analysis of the obtained results allowed to verify the intransigent competition that prevails in that business. Through the results of this analysis they are suggested the future tendencies and a support plan recommended for that type enterprise. Key-Word: Porters visions strategy, competitiveness, salineira industry.


The invention belongs to the technical field of stone coal preenrichment and relates to a method and device for pre-enriching vanadium in downstream stone coal. The method comprises the following steps: crushing and roughly grinding stone coal material and adding to a stone coal roasting device so as to remove carbon substances, As and S at a fluidized state; under the driving of gas flow, discharging coarse particles from different spigots of a cyclone separator and returning to a fluidized bed for circular roasting; under the action of gas flow, bringing fine particles with carbon substances, As and S completely removed into a bag type collector for collection, thus reaching the purpose of vanadium preenrichment. According to the method, roasted stone coal is separated in a downstream gas flow mode in a transportation process; since the particles are circularly roasted, the carbon substances, As, S and other elements in the particles can be removed completely; flue gas is recycled and treated by a flue gas treatment device; vanadium in stone coal is enriched. The process flow is simple in structure and high in adaptability, and is capable of thoroughly removing carbon substances, As and S out of stone coal; due to arrangement of downstream gas flow, the energy consumption is low, dust is hardly generated, and the preenrichment effect for vanadium is good; and therefore a convenient condition is provided for extraction of vanadium from stone coal ores in the subsequent flow.


Sobering-up tea is prepared up with 19 fully nutural raw materials such as glossy ganoderma, haw, malt, pueraria root, jujube, etc. If it is taken before or during drinking wine, drinking capacity may be increased and after drinking wine, the poisoning symptom caused by alcohol may be removed.


The friction and wear of plasma sprayed chromium oxide coating were investigated at room temperature and 450℃ under dry, reciprocating contact condition. Measurements of friction and wear rate were made in association with sliding distance for two pairs:self-mated contact between chromium oxide sprayed specimens and uncoated cast iron plate against chromium-plated disc which represents the contact between cylinder liner and piston ring in diesel engines. Test result shows that chromium oxide coating has better wear resistance and lower wear rate than the currently used cast iron cylinder liner and piston ring. Smooth wear protective layers were formed on the worn surface of self-mated coated pair. These layers contributed to decreasing the wear rate of chromium oxide coating. In order to identify wear mechanism of the worn surface, SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis) were used.


Renewable energy sources normally provide low inertia, which allows a little time for controlling the system. The inertia emulation has recently been introduced for photovoltaic (PV) generation to fight against the small inertia and improve the energy efficiency. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the stability of a virtual inertia-based three-phase two-stage PV system for smart grid applications. Dynamics of DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter, AC side filter, virtual inertia controller, and controllers of the DC/DC and DC/AC converters are considered in the modeling procedure. Eigenvalue analysis is performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the design parameters on stability of a grid-connected virtual inertia PV system. Time-domain simulations using MATLAB/Simscape Power System toolbox are used to validate the eigenvalue analysis results.


The primary goal of this thesis is to develop a visual database language approach which supports more sophisticated data models than conventional data models. A comprehensive data model, Universal Data object Model (UDM) is proposed in order to overcome modeling inadequacies and limitations of traditional data models. UDM integrates a wide range of structural data modeling techniques into a consolidated approach. It consists of five axes/answers by which complex data objects can be easily modeled. In order to handle the complex data objects defined by the model, the Universal Structured Query Language (USQL) is also presented as a query language interface to UDM. USQL is a synthesis and extension of existing query languages. Visual Data Diagrams (VDD) are introduced as a visual language interface to UDM. VDD is an icon-based visual database query and programming language, which consists of four Sessions: Define, Browse, Query and Transaction. In a Define Session, users define, design and organize data objects. The Browse Session helps users traverse through the objects defined in a Define Session, and select or deselect the objects for querying. In a Query Session, users query on the selected objects. Users perform visual database programming in a Transaction Session, in which Nassi-Shneiderman Diagrams (NSD) are integrated with VDDs.


We develop a semi-analytical approach to calculate the polarizability tensors of an arbitrary scatterer. The approach is based on numerical integration from induced charges and currents on the scatterer. By taking the advantages of the present approach, we calculate the polarizability tensors of any arbitrary scatterer in a homogeneous isotropic medium. This approach, in comparison to other reported approaches, is simple, easily implemented, and does not require spherical harmonic expansion or complicated far-field calculations. We examine the validity of the approach using several examples and compare the results with other approaches.


Objective
To compare the clinical data of the laparoendoscopic single-site nephrectomy(LESS) and traditional three holes laparoscopic nephrectomy, for investigating the safety and effectiveness of single-site laparoscopic in the urological utility.

Method
The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery time of intestinal ventilation, postoperative indwelling drainage tube time, postoperative hospitalization days of clinical data of 35 cases were analyzed retrospectively, 15 cases underwent single-site laparoscopic nephrectomy, and 20 cases underwent traditional laparoscopic nephrectomy (TCL).

Result
There was no difference between the 2 groups in the age [(53±13) years old vs (51±11) years old, P=0.773], body weight[(22.1±2.6) kg/m2 vs (22.7±3.3) kg/m2, P=0.535], gender distribution, classification of pathology, operative access, intraoperative blood loss[(142±74) ml vs (138±60) ml, P=0.861)], recovery of intestinal ventilation [(2.0±0.7) d vs (2.0±0.6) d, P=1.000], postoperative indwelling drainage tube [(3.5±0.9) d vs (3.2±1.1) d, P=0.453] and hospital stay [(7.1±2.2) d vs (6.8±1.6) d, P=0.729]. Fourteen of the 15 patients in the LESS group underwent the procedure successfully without additional trocar placement. LESS nephrectomy took longer operative time than TLC group [(231±52) min vs (157±30) min, P<0.01). No wound infection occurred after LESS nephrectomy. No access site hernia was noted in the patients in the LESS group at short-time follow-up, and the scar was also small.

Conclusion
The LESS nephrectomy, whether via lumber or abdomen, is safe and effective comparable to TCL, which can satisfy the beautiful wish of patients to the incision, but the learning curve and operative time was long, with the improvement of surgical technique and the operative instruments, perhaps can effectively solve the problem.

Key words:
Laparoscopy; Single-site; Nephrectomy


Widely sharing image data captured by personal or surveillance cameras can enable a variety of research studies, e.g., computer vision, intelligent systems, and social sciences, to name a few. However, image data may contain a range of sensitive information, such as identity, location, and health, which creates significant challenges for sharing image data with untrusted parties, e.g., researchers. Standard obfuscation methods obscure regions-of-interest (ROIs) in image data with pixelization and blurring, which do not offer formal privacy guarantees. Moreover, such obfuscated image data can be re-identified by convolutional neural networks. In this demonstration, we will showcase a novel method for sanitizing sensitive image ROIs with quantifiable privacy guarantees. The audience will observe the obfuscation in a camera live stream, which demonstrates the feasibility of our method for real-time applications. Furthermore, the audience can interact with our method by selecting photos from publicly available datasets and choosing different privacy levels.


n Kazakhstan the process of using the "4K" model in education is underway: the development of creativity, critical thinking, sociability and the ability to work in a team.The purpose is to determine the effectiveness of the "4K" method in the formation of critical thinking in Russian language and literature lessons in schools in Turkestan.Research methods. The following methods were used to solve the tasks set, achieve the goal of scientific research and verify the initial provisions on the topic under study: theoretical –analysis and synthesis of psychological, pedagogical theoretical literature; empirical –pedagogical observation, analysis, questionnaire, survey among teachers, seminar for school teachers, generalization and approbation of research results.The main results of the study.The main results of the study are reflected in Diagram 1–2 and Table 1–3.The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to identify the level of dissemination and application of the "4K" method as an effective way of forming critical thinking and creative skill in Russian language and literature lessons in schools in Turkestan.Conclusions and specific suggestions of the au-thor. Actions performed: a questionnaire among school teachers, a seminar for school teachers where the practice took place on the topic "The es-sence of the "4K" model", monitoring to identify the possession of elements of the c model, surveys among teachers helped to determine the effective-ness of the "4K" method in the formation of critical thinking in Russian language and literature lessons in schools in Turkestan.We can say with confidence that to ensure qual-ity education, this "4K" model is effective in sec-ondary education


INTRODUCTION
Feeding of fructose for 7 days has been morphometrically shown to induce a SER-reduction and an accumulation of glycogen in rat liver cells. This hypothetical model "glycogenosis" is investigated with histochemical methods.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Rats are given a solution of 60% fructose in water as only nutritional source. Controls are given a solution of 60% glucose in water, an isocaloric Altromin-R-standard diet and an Altromin-R-standard diet ad libitum. Reversion of fructose induced metabolic changes is investigated by a 7 days fructose diet followed by an 1-4 days Altromin-R-standard diet ad libitum. Glycogen and glycogen metabolizing enzymes are demonstrated after a 7 days diet and in the course of an 1-7 days fructose diet.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Feeding of fructose leads to a high glycogen content, combined with a high activity of glycogen-phosphorylase and glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver parenchyma. Glycogen-synthetase activity increases during the first 4 days and then it drops to a low level. A pathological alteration of liver cell metabolism seems to be improbable, for all fructose induced changes are reversibel after 2 days of Altromin-R-standard diet. Glucose-6-phosphatase, as a marker-enzyme of the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum, is discussed to become activated by disruption of SER membranes due to fructose.


Hyperglycaemia‐induced myocardial injury promotes the induction of heart failure in diabetic patients. Impaired antioxidant capability and sustained chronic inflammation play a vital role in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Costunolide (Cos), a natural compound with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has exhibited therapeutic effects in various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Cos in diabetes‐induced myocardial injury remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cos on DCM and explored the potential mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneal streptozotocin for DCM induction. Cos‐mediated anti‐inflammatory and antioxidation activities were examined in heart tissues of diabetic mice and high glucose (HG)‐stimulated cardiomyocytes. Cos markedly inhibited HG‐induced fibrotic responses in diabetic mice and H9c2 cells, respectively. The cardioprotective effects of Cos could be correlated to the reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased oxidative stress. Further investigations demonstrated Cos reversed diabetes‐induced nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation and alleviated impaired antioxidant defence system, principally via activation of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 p45‐related factor‐2 (Nrf‐2). Cos alleviated cardiac damage and improved cardiac function in diabetic mice by inhibiting NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory responses and activating the Nrf‐2‐mediated antioxidant effects. Therefore, Cos could be a potential candidate for the treatment of DCM.


Any 2-good direct utility function satisfying standard axioms may be transformed into an indirect utility function, also satisfying standard axioms, by a straightforward change of sign. The reverse is also true. We shall refer to one such function as the `mirror' of the other. It is sometimes the case that the demand function for one of the goods, arising from one utility function, exhibits a particular feature if and only if the mirror utility function exhibits the same feature for the other good. When this occurs, we say that the demand feature in question has the `reflexion property'. It is shown that Giffen behaviour and the necessity/luxury dichotomy are two features of demand that do have this reflexion property. However, it is also shown that the normality/inferiority dichotomy is one feature that does not.


- In the context of global supply chain value, it has greatly contributed to the trade volumes, government budget utility, and promotion for economic growth. Vietnam has been as one of the fastest-growing economies in the Asian Pacific and the world with a robust 7 percent since economic reforms in 1986 till present. At the same time, the real estate market has been an enabler of economic activity by improving housing demands and enhancing economic performance. In particular, the real estate market has also been opened up for foreigners since 2015, who can buy or invest in a property in the country. This paper focuses on exploring the dynamic relationship between real estate prices, government budget, and economic growth in the case of an emerging economy. Using quarterly data covering in the period of Q1/2008 to Q4/2018 with approximately 44 observations and applying the Autoregressive Distribution Lagged (ARDL) approach, results reveal that, in both the short-run and long-run, economic growth is highly affected by fluctuations of the present, and past economic growth. Besides, there exists a long-run relationship between government budget and economic growth. Regarding real estate prices and their impact on economic growth, this study could not find any findings in this relationship in both the short and long run. The recommendations indicate that the trends of global supply value chains can strongly support economic growth in the long run.


A broadband high-efficiency rectifier with shunt-diode circuit topological structure is presented in this paper. By utilizing the two-level impedance match network, the rectifier can achieve a high microwave-direct current (mw-dc) conversion efficiency within a broad range of operation bandwidth. A stepped microstrip line and a cross-shaped microstrip stub as two-level match network is designed to extend the operation bandwidth. A cross-shaped stub connected to the capacitances act as a dc-pass filter to block the fundamental frequency wave and the high order harmonics and further improve mw-dc efficiency within a broad bandwidth. Experimental results show that the peak conversion efficiency is 80.3% at the frequency of 1.9 GHz when the input power is 22 dBm. When the input power is 19.5 dBm, the bandwidth of efficiency higher than 70% is 40% (1.80 GHz–2.72 GHz). This rectifier has the characteristics of low profile and easy integration, which is suitable for RFIDs, WSNs, and other applications.


Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Z/irich, 8028 Z/irich, Switzerland A large number of different protocols for the efficient isolation of highly purified DNA from eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is extant. (1-4) These procedures usually include treatment with proteinase K in the presence of SDS, which efficiently lyses the cells and nuclei and liberates the DNA tightly bound in chromatin. (s) Proteins are then extracted with phenol and chloroform, and the nucleic acids are precipitated with ethanol. This procedure is tedious and time-consuming, and significant amounts of DNA may be lost, especially when working with small specimens (e.g., joint biopsies). Therefore, this approach is not appropriate for diagnostic tests. Direct amplification of digested samples without phenol/chloroform extraction and precipitation is not possible because SDS is inhibitory to Taq polymerase at concentrations as low as 0 . 0 1 % . (6) Alternative simple DNA extraction procedures have been used but have often resulted in incomplete lysis of the cells. These procedures typically have included detergents (e.g., Triton X-100), chaotropes (e.g., guanidium isothiocyanate or sodium iodide), proteases (e.g., proteinase K), substances that lyse erythrocytes and leukocytes (e.g., saponin), or heat denaturation. (7) Often nonionic detergents such as Tween 20 or Laureth 12 in combination with proteinase K are used, followed by heat inactivation of the enzyme prior to PCR amplification. (7-1°) In our laboratory we have aimed at establishing an efficient but simple DNA extraction procedure applicable to various types of clinical specimens, including tissue, sputum, liquid specimens, and bacterial cultures. The procedure would allow direct PCR amplification without purification or precipitation of the DNA. Here, we describe the application of the widely used SDS/proteinase K method made compatible with direct PCR amplification, and including the use of uracil N glycosylase (UNG) to prevent false positives caused by amplicon carryover.( ] 1)


The present invention relates to high-pressure turbine Design of Cascade, more particularly to a kind of high-pressure turbine transonic speed guide vane Design of Cascade method, at least solve the problems, such as that existing Design of Cascade method causes cascade loss larger.High-pressure turbine transonic speed guide vane Design of Cascade method comprises the steps:Strengthen the load of blade grid passage import to blade grid passage geometrical throat forefoot area;Leaf grating is divided into into front area, throat region and diffusion zone;The acceleration of front area air-flow is improved, and increases diffusion zone length;The expansion for weakening throat region moderate supersonic speed air-flow accelerates;Lower the acceleration of diffusion zone air-flow;Compressional wave is constructed at channel outlet position in diffusion zone to be slowed down;Design of Cascade is completed according to 11 parameter formative method of leaf grating.The high-pressure turbine transonic speed guide vane Design of Cascade method of the present invention, can control multishock loss in Design of Cascade, realize low loss transonic cascade design, be that high-pressure turbine pneumatic design lays the foundation.


Two major Ordovician siliciclastic units can be recognised in western Newfoundland: the parautochthonous Goose Tickle group (Llanvint - ?Llandeiloi, and the allochthonous Lower Head Formation (Arenig - Llanvirn). This study has resulted in the distinction cf two uniu; within the Goose Tickle group: the American Tickle and Mainland formations. The Howe Harbour member has also been newly recognised w ith.tin the American Tickle formation. -- All three formations are dominated by turbidites, ranging from the deposits of low and moderate concentration flows for the relatively sand-poor American Tickle formation, to high concentration flows for the sand-rich Mainland and Lower Head formations. The American Tickle formation was deposited under anoxic conditions in a foreland basin with at least two different sediment input points. The turbidites and debris flows of the Howe Harbour member were locally shed in front of faults generated by allochthons (Taconic Allochthons) which were advancing over the eastern margin of the basin. The Mainland formation was deposited in the southern part of the same basin, but in much closer proximity to a third sediment input point, and has complex characteristics related to unusual local topography. The Lower Head Formation exhibits complex facies variations and was deposited in a confining trench slope basin or basins. -- Although all three units are petrographically similar, the Lower Head Formation is distinct in that it contains a higher feldspar content and a lower lithic fragment content than the Goose Tickle group. Petrographic characteristics are consistent with mixed sources for all units. While many of the sources can be related to lithologies now present in the Taconic Allochthons, there is no lithology in the allochthons which can be related to felsic volcanic grains and rounded microclines. Mixing of detrinis in a now destroyed basin or basins is implied, and the overall provenance suggests supply of sediment from a major and complex area of uplift of which the Taconic Allochthons are only a small and incomplete remnant. This uplifted area included passive margin sediments, possibly Grenville basement and a major arc terrane which may have been compressed prior to erosion. -- Geochemical analyses also indicate mixed sources and demonstrate that the Lower Head Formation is distinct from the Goose Tickle group. Comparison of the behaviour of trace elements between the units suggests that weathering of source areas may have been more intense during the Llanvirn than the Arenig. -- Although western Newfoundland foreland and trench slope sediments are broadly typical of their tectonic setting, variations in sedimentology do exist along the length of the system, and they differ in subtle respects from analogous units in Quebec, supporting the concept of variations in tectonic style along the length of the Appalachian basin.


Objective To investigate the advantages and disadvant ages of different methods for treating open tibiofibular fractures.Metho ds 136 cases of open tibiofibular fractures were treated by either(1)closed reduction and immobilization by plaste,brace,or external fixator frame;or(2)open reduction and internal fixation.Results The effects derived from the two methods exhibited significant difference in many aspects: early ambulation the time for weight load and fracture union(P0.05).Conclusion In order to achieve a good effect,the choice of fixation modalities should base on the extent and range of soft tissue impairment,location and extent of the fracture,as well as the age and general condition of the patients.


We investigate the electromagnetic properties of the obliquely cut surfaces of photonic crystals consisting of alternating layers of two materials with different refractive indices. We show analytically that the obliquely cut surface does not support the propagation of well-confined surface waves.


Parameter determination of a connecting damper is the key problem of adjacent structural seismic mitigation design.Taken the vibration frequency ratio and mass ratio as research parameters,the formulation of mean square deviation displacement and linking damping ratio is derived based on the random vibration theory.Then the relationship of the adjacent structural seismic response versus the parameters including vibration frequency ratio,mass ration and linking damping ratio is presented.Furthermore,the optimal value of the linking viscous damping ratio is investigated.The method of simplifying MDOF system to SDOF system is developed according to the equivalent natural frequencies.Finally,the seismic responses of two 10-story structures with or without connecting dampers,excited by El Centro,Taft and artificial waves,are contrastively analyzed.The results indicate fine earthquake-mitigating effect of viscous dampers connecting adjacent structures.The analysis technique is the reference to seismic control of adjacent structures.


Reservoir characteristics are the essential information for water management planning and reservoir operation. Regular monitoring and assessment of the reservoir characteristics can reduce risks associated with the reservoir operation. This research assessed the reservoir characteristics (water surface, volume) of Vajiralongkorn Dam using remote sensing. Reservoir water surface was classified using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) derived from the Landsat 8 data, and validated using the streamline matching rate (SMR) and the streamline matching error (SME) techniques for shoreline accuracy assessment. The volume between two water levels was calculated using the prismatic equation. The storage capacity curve was constructed from the reservoir water level and cumulative volume. The accuracy of NDWI technique was satisfactory in identifying reservoir water surface with a good accuracy of shoreline delineation (SMR>95% and SME=11.7 m). The water surface has decreased on the average of 8.2 km2 (2.8%) compared with the original data in 1980. The storage capacity has decreased 495.3 million m3 (MCM) over 38 years from 1980 to 2018, an annual capacity loss of 13 MCM. Finally, sustainable service of the reservoir needs better knowledge of the effects of storage loss, the erosion and sediment-transport processes, and conservation measures.


We consider a problem of socially significant behavior rate estimates in terms of probabilistic graphical models. Such formal description of the problem allows applying powerful methods and developed algorithms of the theory of Bayesian belief networks. We can use existing software to make computational simulations and apply the model to solve practical tasks. We describe a simple model based on the incomplete data about time intervals between behavior episodes and propose ways of its development.


The research in nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition are gaining more attention in recent years because foodderived bioactive compounds significantly influence changes in the genome, epigenome, proteome and metabolome. Studies show that polyphenolic phytochemicals affect the expression of genes involved in glucose transport, insulin secretion, antioxidant effects, inflammation, vascular functions and lipid metabolism. Studies also suggest that benefits derived from bioactives may vary among individuals. Further, the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the endocrine system and microbiome population may also vary between individuals. The continued research in this direction, therefore, may contribute to the development of targeted dietary advice and the use of food customized for different individuals. Additionally, it may promote the discovery and characterization of robust nutritional bioactives that may contribute to the amelioration or prevention of metabolic diseases associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. In this article, Nutrigenomics in the context of diabetes and its modulation by various nutraceuticals is discussed.


OBJECTIVE:To study spatial and temporal distribution of alkaloids(berberine,coptisine,palmatine and epiberberine)contents in Coptis chinensis wastes(fibril,stem and leaf). METHODS:The content of berberine in C. chinensis wastes with different harvesting time and different parts were tested by HPLC. The contents of coptisine,palmatine and epiberberine were calculated with relative retention time and peak area ratio. RESULTS:There were no significant changes of alkaloids contents in C. chinensis fibrils without in stems and leaves(around 2.7%). Alkaloids content of C. chinensis stems and leaves showed great changes,and that of C. chinensis stems in winter(0.9%)was lower than in summer(1.9%)but higher than C. chinensis leaves in winter(0.7%)and in summer(1.0%),respectively. Alkaloids contents in short-distance parts of C. chinensis fibrils and stems(less than 4 centimeters away from root)were two times more than in long-distance parts. CONCLUSIONS:There is a value for the deep development of C. chinensis wastes.


The effect of chromium and NaCl on growth and anti-oxidative enzymes in two barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was investigated in a hydroponic experiment. Salinity stress reduced plant growth, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, while increased SOD and POD activities, and MDA content in barley plants. CM72, a salt-tolerant genotype was less affected by salinity stress than Gairdner, a salt-sensitive genotype. The effect of Cr on plant growth and anti-oxidative enzymes varied with Cr level. Under low Cr level (10 µmol), plant growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by salinity stress were generally alleviated, in particular for Garidner. The combined stress of high Cr level (50 µmol) and NaCl stress caused more severe oxidative stress, resulting in further reduction of plant growth parameters, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance as compared to two stresses alone.


New circuit techniques permitting fabrication of a wide-range monolithic VFO with a frequency stability of ±20 ppm/°C will be described. In addition to its uses as an FM/FSK modulator/demodulator and AM modulator, the circuit can also be used for suppressed-carrier AM and binary phase-shift-keying.


Pulmonary Rehabilitation – what is the future? Pulmonary rehabilitation is mandatory for integrated care in COPD and other chronic lung-diseases. There is highest scientific evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation. For the patient we can translate it as "Getting to move and staying in motion". Rehabilitation can help to stop the progression of the disease (with smoking cessation therapy) or to slow it. Rehabili tation is able to minimise the negative impact on physical performance and the quality of life. In the future the combination of inand outpatient rehabilitation will be important. There is a big need for low-cost and achievable trainingmodalities for life long training. J Pneumologie 2015; 3 (2): 6–11.


PURPOSE
To investigate the clinical characteristics and determine the effective surgical managements of A-pattern exotropia.

METHODS
Thirty-two patients with A-pattern exotropia underwent superior oblique muscle weakening procedures, medial rectus resection or (and) lateral rectus recession. Pre- and post-operative eye position, deviation angle, superior oblique function and binocular vision were examined and analyzed in the cases.

RESULTS
Overaction of the superior oblique muscles (31/32) and underaction of the medial rectus muscle (20/32) were presented in the cases. Postoperatively, a satisfactory ocular alignment was obtained in 28 cases (87.5%), and the A-pattern was corrected in 31 cases (96.9%). Four cases got binocular vision after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
As one of the most common forms of A and V patterns, A-pattern exotropia showed clinical characteristics of superior oblique muscle overaction and medial rectus muscle underacion, which should be the primary factors in the etiology of A-pattern exotropia, and superior oblique weakening procedures combined with horizontal surgery should be an effective approach to A-pattern exotropia treatment.


The invention discloses a near infrared spectrum based detection method for rapid discrimination of oil-tea camellia seed oil real property. The method comprises the following steps: first, a near infrared spectrometer is used to acquire spectrum data of an oil-tea camellia seed oil sample to be detected, and a near infrared spectrum scan wave number, a near infrared spectrum scan frequency and a resolution are controlled during acquisition; then data with spectral band within 5750-6000cm are selected from an acquired standard spectrum and treated with a smoothing, a first derivative processing and a self-normalization; at last the data is input into an oil-tea camellia seed oil discrimination and analysis model, and a mahalanobis distance discrimination method is employed to determine whether a sample point falls in a delimited real sample area in the oil-tea camellia seed oil discrimination and analysis model, so as to determine true or false of the sample to be detected. The detection method of the invention has advantages of simple operation, rapid detection, safety, environmental protection, and high precision.


Exactly ten years ago, Political Science Quarterly published an article of mine that asked in its title, "Whither the American Party System?" and answered by challenging what appeared at that time to be the two most prevalent views of the future of American politics. One view held that the American party system was in, or was entering, a period of major realignment; the other that political parties were disintegrating, would continue to disintegrate, and might eventually even disappear. I These two interpretions advanced competing visions of the future, but they agreed on the present: the New Deal party system-that structure of political competition established in the 1930s between a liberal


Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a functional coffee beverage containing additional caffeine, green tea extracts, niacin and garcinia cambogia to regular coffee to determine the effects on resting energy expenditure (REE) and hemodynamic variables. Methods: Subjects included five male (26 ± 2.1 y, 97.16 ± 10.05 kg, 183.89 ± 6.60 cm) and five female (28.8 ± 5.3 y, 142.2 ± 12.6 lbs) regular coffee drinkers. Subjects fasted for 10 hours and were assessed for 1 hour prior (PRE) and 3 hours following 1.5 cups of coffee ingestion [JavaFitTM Energy Extreme (JF) ~400 mg total caffeine; Folgers (F) ~200 mg total caffeine] in a double-blind, crossover design. REE, resting heart rate (RHR), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was assessed at PRE and 1, 2, and 3-hours post coffee ingestion. Data were analyzed by three-factor repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: JF trial resulted in a significant main effect for REE (p < 0.01), SBP (p < 0.01), RER (p < 0.01), and VO2 (p < 0.01) compared to F, with no difference between trials on the RHR and DBP variables. A significant interaction for trial and time point (p < 0.05) was observed for the variable REE. The JF trial resulted in a significant overall mean increase in REE of 14.4% (males = 12.1%, females = 17.9%) over the observation period (p < 0.05), while the F trial produced an overall decrease in REE of 5.7%. SBP was significantly higher in the JF trial; however, there was no significant increase from PRE to 3-hours post. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that JavaFitTM Energy Extreme coffee is more effective than Folgers regular caffeinated coffee at increasing REE in regular coffee drinkers for up to 3 hours following ingestion without any adverse hemodynamic effects. Published: 5 October 2007 Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2007, 4:10 doi:10.1186/1550-2783-410 Received: 28 August 2007 Accepted: 5 October 2007 This article is available from: http://www.jissn.com/content/4/1/10 © 2007 Taylor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


The species Aspidosperma tomentosum is a tree belonging to the family Apocynaceae, distributed by Cerrado. Wood heavy, moderately resistant, is used in making furniture, decorative objects, and is considered medicinal. The aim of this study was to evaluate seed germination and initial radicle growth at different temperatures. The seeds were subjected to constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C and alternating, 20-30 and 25-35°C, with four replicates of 25 seeds per treatment (100 per test), germinated in transparent boxes in germination chambers,  with photoperiod of twelve hours of white light. The statistical design was completely randomized and the averages compared by Tukey test at 5%. The results showed a higher percentage of germination at temperatures of 20, 25 and 25-35°C, reaching 100%, 91% and 91% respectively, indicating that these temperatures are more effective in promoting germination. But the largest vigor was found only in the temperature of 20oC with index of velocity of germination, 6.5 and average time of germination, 5.1 days. But the greater length of radicles was observed at temperatures of 25 and 30oC (20.6 and 23. 5 mm) and the allocation of dry mass, similar for all treatments, except 35°C, with less weight, indicating that this species has very specific requirements for its growth.


Conjugation chem. allows the attachment of a fully functional ATRP catalyst to the inside wall of the thermosome (THS) nanoreactor, thus confining ATRP into a nanoscale cavity defined by the nanoreactor. Expts. with a simple model system as well as ligand analogs underline these findings. The THS systems allow a significant redn. in the copper concn. in polymers synthesized by ATRP as compared to conventional ATRP. Moreover, the nanoreactor allows the synthesis of well-defined polymers in aq. soln., because ATRP inside a protein cage enhances the degree of control of ATRP. [on SciFinder(R)]


Microbubble agents have been shown to increase therapeutic effect of HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound). Here, the effects of treatment parameters on lesion volume and temperature are investigated. Ex vivo tissue was treated with a 2 MHz HIFU beam in absence and presence of the Artenga™ microbubbles at varying HIFU focal intensities (649-2316 W/cm2), microbubble concentrations, and exposure durations (3-10 s). The temperature was measured at 1 mm from focus using a K-type thermocouple. Thermal lesion volume was measured based on an ellipsoid model. Microbubbles increased the lesion volume and peak temperature achieved with HIFU. At the intensity of 2316 W/cm2, the lesion volume increased by 2-folds, and the peak temperature increased by 16° C with microbubbles. This effect depended on microbubble concentration, ultrasound intensity and exposure duration. Lower intensities and shorter time durations were required at higher microbubble concentrations to ablate the tissue. It was concluded that the eff...


Our aim is to derive analytical approximations for the performance of a modelbased controller in tree-structured Markov decision processes. 1 Paradigm for analysis A controller navigating an initially unknown environment (defined as a Markov decision process, MDP) needs to have two component algorithms: a learning algorithm that defines a mapping from the history of experienced state-action transitions and obtained rewards to some internal representation (eg a value function), and an action selection algorithm (policy) that defines a mapping from this internal representation and the current state to an action (or, in the case of stochastic action choice, a distribution over actions).1 Thus, the performance of a controller depends on how close to optimal its two component algorithms are: how efficiently it uses sample data points when learning, and how accurately it selects actions based on the knowledge it acquired about its environment so far. There is a theoretically optimal, but of course hugely impractical, solution to this problem: a controller which has an explicit statistical model of its environment, learns it by Bayesian updating (assuming it has the correct priors), and then uses this model to exhaustively simulate all possible outcomes of its actions. Here we analyse the performance of such a controller to derive upper bounds on the performance of any other controller, and also investigate how the performance of this model-based controller breaks down if action selection (but not learning!) involves approximations rendering it imperfect – which is one obvious way to approach practicality. Since our ultimate interest lies in analyzing the trade-offs between multiple alternative controllers that might be available to the same agent, we consider off-policy controllers that are able to learn from experience even if it was gathered while following a policy other than the controller's own. For a general introduction to the topic and definitions of all terms not defined here see [1]. Direct policy improvement algorithms are also possible and if the authors were hard-pressed those would be considered as a special case of this general scheme, in which the 'policy' that is being improved is the internal representation in our terms, and action selection just looks up the action for the current state.


To optimization the extract and heavy metal removal process of Hericium polysaccharide. A Composite Enzymatic method was used to extraction the Hericium polysaccharide, The extraction conditions was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment; chitosan, activated carbon and diatomaceous earth polysaccharides of heavy metal ions removal were compared. The Hericium polysaccharide optimum conditions were pH 5.5, temperature 50 ℃, enzyme and substrate ratio 1 ∶ 10, time 90 min, under these conditions, the extraction rate of 9.55 %; the chitosan flocculation removing Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide heavy metals best dosage for 0.05 g/100mL, the removal rate of polysaccharide in Pb, As, Hg, and Cd, respectively(99.4 ±2.03) % and(90.9 ± 2.61) % and(80.3 ± 1.76) % and(89.8 ± 2.85) %; when the dosage is greater than0.06 g/100 mL, Flocculant without removal of heavy metals in a sample.


Since the 1970s, trust in the news media went through a period of general decline and then a second period (since 2000) of polarization by party. Currently, trust in the media is low among those of all political affiliations, but it is substantially lower among Republicans than Democrats. Scholars have investigated a variety of plausible causes of this increasing distrust of the media, yet the largest source of this change seems to be increasing amounts of criticism of the institutional media from politicians and political pundits. This trend also has important consequences for how people acquire political information and make election decisions. Those who distrust the news media are more likely to consume information from partisan news outlets, and are more resistant to a fairly wide variety of media effects on public opinion. Because it can partially insulate one's supporters from many types of media persuasion, partisan attacks on the news media have become an increasingly prominent political tactic.


On the basis of the numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE), the influence of non-sphericity of oriented spheroidal particles on radiation intensity formation in a layer with a multiple scattering regime is considered. For solving the RTE with characteristics depending on the propagation direction of the radiation beam, an algorithm is developed based on the method of layer doubling. Calculations are presented of angle correlations for intensities of radiation in a layer with Fresnel reflection on the boundaries, and reflection and transmission coefficients.


ABSTRACT This work is devoted to the study of composite systems of the liquid crystal 4-n-hexyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (6CB) doped with differently shaped magnetite nanoparticles. The ferronematic samples were prepared with the volume concentration of =10 of spherical, as well as of rod-like magnetic particles. The structural transitions in ferronematic samples were observed by capacitance measurements in a capacitor made of indium-tin-oxide-coated glass electrodes in combined electric and magnetic fields.


In this final work the theme are ARPA and AIS devices. Those are devices used as a navigational aids in purpose of faster and safer navigation. The goal of this final work is to point out importance of having theoretical knowledge and operating principle in purpose of easier use of ARPA and AIS during navigation. The ARPA device using radio waves provides information to the officer on the object being viewed such as distance, speed and position. The AIS device enables electronic excange of navigation informations which includes the identification of the ship, position of the vessel and sped of navigation. Data can be displayed on the screen, radar, ECDIS, etc. Both devices are an indispensable part of integrated navigation system.


The Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) receives a number of enquiries each year from wine producers who have issues with the variability of their products due to inadequate storage conditions, insufficient care taken by distributors and retailers through the supply chain and variability during bottling. Sometimes, a large proportion of bottles are unsaleable due to high sulfur dioxide (SO2) depletion, microbiological contamination, elevated colour development or oxidative sensory characteristics.


Objective: to study the efficacy of STI 571 combined with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) or autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Methods: 18 CML patients were divided into 2 groups: group A (14) and group B (4). Patients in group A including 10 in CML accelerating phase or blast crisis phase, 4 in chronic phase. They all underwent Allo-HSCT and the median duration of STI 571 treatment before Allo-HSCT was 25 days (7–60d). 9 had related complete HLA-matched donors and 5 had unrelated complete matched donors, the preparation regimen was TBI+CTX +VP16 or BU/CY ±ATG, routine protocol was used to prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD). Patients of group B were all in chronic phase, the median duration of STI 571 treatment before APBSCT was 5.5 months (4–26d), and bcr/abl detected by FISH was continuously negative. Mobilization protocol was CAE + G-CSF, 3 of 4 underwent TBI+ CY+ VP16 followed by APBSCT. Results: in group B, PBSC were separated after 5 days of mobilization, and (3.9–9.6)×10 6 /kg Cd34 + cells were obtained, however FISH- bcr/abl positive cells in separation products were higher than in bone marrow cells before separation (0.8% vs 2.8%). After a median follow up of 24 months (18–28 months), 2 cases relapsed, and one remains FISH-bcr/abl negative. In group A, 8 had GVHD, and after a median follow up of 8 months (4–20 months), 2 cases relapsed, 2 died of transplantation- related complications, 1 died of relapse, 9 remained disease free. Hematopoiesis was reconstituted in 8–21 days in patients of group A. Conclusions: no obvious side effect was observed in STI 571 combined hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in CML patients.


In this paper, by using some nonstandard concepts given by Robinson and axiomatized by Nelson we study the behavior of functions defined on a discrete intervals, whose points are of infinitesimal distances. This study leads to introduce and define some new types of functions in nonstandard analysis and we get some nonstandard results for different nonstandard values (infinitesimals, infinitely close, unlimited …).


In this paper we discuss the problem of power generation capacity adequacy in restructured and competitive power systems and analyse potential regulatory mechanisms to ensure sufficient supply of electricity. In particular, we look at how uncertainty influences the optimal timing of investments in new power generation capacity. We formulate the power generation investment problem for a decentralised and profit-maximising investor in the electricity market, and implement a stochastic dynamic optimisation model to solve the problem. The long-term development of demand is represented as a discrete stochastic process, which influence future prices and profitability in the electricity market. A real options approach is used to take this long-term uncertainty into account in the investment optimisation. In order to value the operational flexibility of a new power plant we use an electricity price model, where the spot price is a function of load level and installed generation capacity, in addition to short-term uncertainties and temporal fluctuations in the market. The use of physical state variables allows us to include specific characteristics of the electricity spot price, which is closely linked to the balance between supply and demand. In addition, we can model the investor's additional income from regulatory investment incentives, which can also depend on the system's total capacity balance. Hence, with the investment model we can analyse the interrelated dynamics of the electricity spot market and additional capacity mechanisms, and in turn its effect on profitability and optimal investment timing for an investor in new power generation. Such analyses are important, not only for investors, but also for regulators who want to design robust electricity markets. In a case study we use the model to analyse the effect of introducing a fixed or dynamic capacity payment in the Nordic power system.


For plants,it has root secretion attune of nutrition effect,the specificity secretion of plant nutrition is adjust action the most outstanding secretions.The root of the secretion of poison of the cluster components may lead to the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles,its allelopathy to play a curb on certain level the role of weeds.Meanwhile,because of the secretion of root,the quantity of soil borne microorganism in rhizosphere soil is much more than the quantity of that in un-rhizosphere soil under the root exudates,which in some extent normal growth of plant.Based on the classification of root exudates as the breakthrough point,discusses the root exudates research methods,from the plant growth,minerals,natural environment,heavy metals from four aspects: the influence factors of root exudates produced,and finally to the root secretion in agriculture and environmental applications are discussed,in order to root exudates research provides the certain reference and reference.


Sustainable development was most famously defined by the UN's Brundtland Commission (1987) as 'development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'. It is essentially an idea about intergenerational equity. However, operationalizing that definition in public policy requires that the needs of tomorrow's generations be known today. It requires a prediction of what will grow and what will be depleted, what systems or subsystems we hope to sustain and for how long. This is not possible. At least it is not possible for the public sector to get national agreement on over a generation. The systems are too complex, the constituencies' objectives are too varied, and the policy options are too diverse. The Brundtland Commission concept is 'universally desired, diversely understood, extremely difficult to achieve, and won't go away' (Lafferty, 2004). It is 'so comprehensive and complex that it is no longer useful in guiding policymaking' (Holden, Linnerud, & Banister, 2014). It does not have traction. If we desire sustainability and want to put this into practice in the public sector, what is to be done? If future orientation and uncertainty are critical elements of sustainability, and risk management is the management of uncertainty on objectives, then managing for sustainability is at heart a matter of risk and opportunity management. Traditional risk management approaches are challenged by the complexity in environmental, social and economic systems. Vulnerabilities arise for many reasons: climate change, demographic shifts, transboundary networks, modern business practices, new systemic risks, and reliance on closely coupled infrastructure systems, among others. In these circumstances there needs to be a clear allowance for uncertainty, and a focus on proactive rather than reactive risk management (Helm, 2015). Today, high-quality policy demands more interconnected strategies that combine active mitigation of specific risks with enhancement of generic resilience in the environment, society and the economy. Wellbeing will depend increasingly on community attributes such as social capital, informal communication networks, and organizational culture. Therefore, measures of resilience incorporating these elements are needed (Freeling & Warren, 2018). Using these measures, it should be possible for policy-makers to determine strategies for managing these complex risks in a multi-layered approach involving systems planning, risk management, targets for resilience building, and adaptive responses. Resilience measures and targets have more traction than sustainability measures and will in fact be more likely to improve sustainability. While this is possible, it still has challenges. There are three sets of problems: political, conceptual and systemic.


Equations were developed to compute nutrient contributions on a daily basis to waterways from feedlots with
stocking rates equivalent to up to 250 steers/ha (100 steers/acre), such as is common in the midwestern United States. The
algorithm set uses recorded weather data (daily values) and other input values and computes mass and concentration of
selected nutrients in runoff, considering spatial and temporal aspects. Methodology to divide a large feedlot which contains
more than one drainage outlet was determined, so that the described algorithms may be used for any size feedlot. Equations
from USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service were adapted to determine curve numbers for frozen soil, or soil of any
moisture, as well as to determine runoff from rainfall and snowmelt events. Equations from ASAE were adapted to determine
manure production from temporally changing animal loads on the feedlot and to compute temporal changes in the manure
pack on the feedlot. Equations from USDA, Agricultural Research Service were adapted to determine nutrient concentrations
in runoff for each runoff event. Equations were developed to incorporate mechanical removal of waste from a feedlot, as well
as to include decomposition of nutrients on the feedlot. Previously derived equations were revised to determine nutrient
reduction in feedlot buffer regions and due to dilution from mixing stream flows. The algorithms described in this study were
verified for mathematical stability and accuracy in a spreadsheet program.


The Kite is a wonderful form of Chinese folk sports,and also an ancient Chinese folk game.It has been developed into a kind of sport popular both at home and abroad through over two thousand years'evolution,inheritance and development.It possesses its unique sports culture with the functions of fitness,leisure and entertainment,art and aesthetics,competitive entertainment,disease prevention,health care and so on.


HP (2-20), a 19-residue peptide derived from the N-terminus of Helicobacter pylori Ribosomal Protein L1, has antimicrobial activity but is not cytotoxic to human erythrocytes. Previously, we have synthesized several analogue peptides to investigate the effects of substitutions on the structure and antimicrobial activity. Substitution of and with Trp (Anal 3) caused a dramatic increase in bacterial and fungal lytic activities. In this study, analogue peptides were synthesized to investigate the effects of substitution of Gin and Asp with Phe (Anal 6) or Tyr (Anal 7) in HP (2-20) on its structure and antimicrobial activity. Substitution of Gin and Asp with hydrophobic aromatic residues at position 16 and 18 of HP (2-20) caused increase in antibiotic activity without hemolytic effect. Substitution of Gin and Asp with Trp and Try increased antibiotic activity of HP (220) twice more compared to substitution with Phe. The tertiary structures of Anal 6 and Anal 7 in SDS micelles has been investigated using NMR spectroscopy. The structures revealed that substitutions of the aromatic residues at C-terminus resulted in longer and well defined alpha-helix and improved their antibacterial activities


The total length of Yuanliangshan tunnel is 11068m,which is a typical karst tunnel and the longest tunnel on Chongqing-Huaihua railway.No.2 karst cave filled with silty sand in high-pressure water abundant zone has the greatest difficulty in construction among the total 5 large filled karst caves in Yuanliangshan tunnel.Taking the borehole drilling and grouting construction of No.2 cave as an example,the author make analysis on the construction efficiency and discusses the rapid construction technology of borehole drilling and grouting in karst caves filled with silty sand in Yuanliangshan tunnel in terms of grouting parameters,grouting materials,equipment matching and labor organization.


Despite intensive efforts, the general rules for gamma delta T cell recognition remain undefined. Here, we take advantage of the detailed knowledge of the molecular structure and biosynthetic pathways of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to analyze the recognition properties of the gamma delta T cell clones LBK5 (specific for the class II MHC, IEk) and G8 (specific for the nonclassical class I MHC, TL10b). We find that the activation of these clones requires neither class I nor class II antigen-processing and that peptides do not confer specificity. Epitope mapping also shows that the topology of gamma delta T cell receptor interaction with the MHC is distinct from that of alpha beta T cells. These results suggest that the molecular nature of gamma delta T cell recognition is fundamentally different than that of alpha beta T cells.


ABSTRACT The influences of early phonological awareness and naming speed on Dutch children's later word spelling were investigated in a longitudinal study. Phonological awareness and naming speed predicted spelling in early Grade 1, later Grade 1, and later Grade 2. Phonological awareness, however, predominated over naming speed for the prediction of early Grade 1 spelling. Comparison of the present results with those from an earlier study of children's word recognition using the same dataset and also structural equation modeling showed word recognition speed at the ends of Grades 1 and 2 in the earlier study to be uniquely predicted by early naming speed. Nonetheless, naming speed may measure almost the same in word recognition and word spelling accuracy.


Abstract : The study of the velocity of the isotope exchange between the gaseous oxygen and the solid salts of an oxygen- containing acid presents considerable interest inasmuch as it permits evaluation of the bond energy in the above mentioned compounds. We investigated isotope exchange between gaseous oxygen and sulfates of alkali elements and also between sodium molybdate and carbonate with the purpose of comparing the stability of the oxygen bond in these salts. To conduct these experiments we used oxygen containing about l.3% of the O18 atom. The exchange was carried out in an aparatus a description of which was published earlier. The measurement of the O16 and O18 isotope content was conducted by the mass spectrometer method.


A new three-phase voltage source ac-ac converter is proposed, also known as a three-phase dual-buck ac-ac converter. It needs less shoot-through limiting inductors to decrease the cost and improve the power density. It has step down operation. The suggested converter has high immunity against the shoot-through of voltage sources or capacitors and can eliminate the dead-time between the switching signals. Thus a system with improved reliability can be designed with the proposed converter. MOSFET can be used as switching devices in the proposed converter without the need of reverse recovery worries of body diode, due to the bad reverse recovery of MOSFET body diodes, and advantages of MOSFETs such as low switching loss, resistive conduction voltage drop, and fast switching can be obtained. As a result, the size of passive components can be reduced by using a high switching frequency.


The formation of pectin-zein polyelectrolyte complexes was investigated, with emphasis on the effect of pectin type and zein concentration. The pectin-zein complexes were formed by mixing pectin solution with zein solution at pH 4, where zein and pectin had opposite charges. The formation of the complexes was evidenced by an increased turbidity, a slight decrease of negative charges, and an aggregation of polymers, as observed by digital images, microscopic images, and scanning electron micrographs. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested the possibility of weak physical interaction between pectin and zein. The pectin-zein complexes demonstrated better oil/water interfacial tension lowering properties than pectin alone. The results suggest that these pectin-zein complexes could be used to improve the physical properties and stability of emulsions. Also, pectin and zein showed to be promising materials, thus extending the range of applications of these natural polymers.


Tracking applications such as robotics, actuation, manipulation and radar antenna system employing four-quadrant thyristorized D.C. drive require precise and optimal speed control. In this paper, the analysis and design of an adaptive current controller of a separately excited d.c. motor with a thyristor converter using z-transform technique is presented. With an adaptive current controller, the current loop will have the same dynamic characteristics whatever may be its operational state regarding continuous or discontinuous current modes. A hardware realization of the controller is also presented and discussed. A digital simulation study is made of the performance of the closed loop speed control system using an approximate continuous time representation for describing its dynamics. The hardware design of the proposed controller is simple, reliable and easy to implement.


ObjectiveTo discuss the feasibility of substituting conventional syringes with YXQ AI liquid medicine suction apparatus.MethodsA comparison was carried out between YXQ AI liquid medicine suction apparatus and the conventional syringes in preparation of medicine.ResultsIn preparation of medicine, application of YXQ AI liquid medicine suction apparatus saved time by 43.2% ~50.2%, compared with the conventional syringes. The difference in timesaving was significant ( P 0.0001).ConclusionYXQ AI liquid medicine suction apparatus can simplify the procedures for dispersing medicine and reduce the possibility of contamination so that the labor tense can be released and the medical cost reduced. It is worth popularizing.


As a series of the metabolic studies on the steroidal lipid-shifting drugs biotransformation of 16α-chloroestrone with the rat liver preparations has been investigated. The substrate was reduced to the 17β-hydroxyl derivative, when incubated with microsomes, but not with the 105000×g supernatant. In contrast, estrone was converted into estradiol with either of these enzyme preparations. The yield of 16α-chloroestradiol formed from 16α-chloroestrone by incubation with microsomes decreased with an increasing amount of added estrone indicating the occurrence of competitive inhibition. The properties of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase involving 16α-chloroestrone have been described.


After discussing alternative industrialisation strategies1 and flexible specialisation,2 the EADI working group on industrialisation in the Third World decided during the EADI conference in Berlin (September 1993) to delve more deeply into the factors determining the success of certain small enterprise clusters and networks. The underlying issue has always been how to increase employment and economic growth through small enterprise development.


Swine manure mono-digestion results in relatively low methane productivity due to the low degradation rate of its solid fraction (manure fibers), and due to the high ammonia and water content. The aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) pretreatment of manure fibers has been proposed for overcoming these limitations. In this study, continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure mixed with optimally AAS-treated manure fibers was compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated manure fibers. Due to lab-scale pumping restrictions, the ratio of AAS-optimally treated manure fibers to manure was only 1/3 on a total solids (TS) basis. However, the biogas productivity and methane yield were improved by 17% and 38%, respectively, also confirming the predictions from a simplified 1st order hydrolysis model based on batch experiments. Furthermore, an improved reduction efficiency of major organic components was observed for the digester processing AAS-treated manure fibers compared to the non-treated one (e.g., 42% increased reduction for cellulose fraction). A preliminary techno-economic analysis of the proposed process showed that mixing raw manure with AAS manure fibers in large-scale digesters could result in a 72% increase of revenue compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated fibers and 135% increase compared to that of solely manure.


This report discusses each of the components that affect the unit cost for enriched uranium; that is, ore costs, U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ to UF/sub 6/ conversion cost, costs for enriching services, and changes in transaction tails assay. Historical trends and announced changes are included. Unit costs for highly enriched uranium (93.15 percent /sup 235/U) and for low-enrichment uranium (3.0, 3.2, and 3.5 percent /sup 235/U) are displayed as a function of changes in the above components and compared. It is demonstrated that the trends in these cost components will probably result in significantly less cost increase for highly enriched uranium than for low-enrichment uranium--hence favoring the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor.


This paper discusses the required competencies of EU project managers in general, and outlines that the success of projects by two thirds depends on human and social factors in the organisations when projects are running on a multinational basis. It will outline some major highlights of the underlying studies and a set of rules promoted for European projects (http://www.manageur.com) about how to be successful. Corvinus University, ISCN, and Memolux were partners in these projects and studies which involved many hundred firms from 1998 – 2003. The paper describes how a two dimensional space model (social + cultural) is currently being used to interpret rules for a better management of project collaboration. 1. Background – EU Project Management In the project ManagEUr (www.manageur.com) the following materials have been developed and approx. 700 managers have been trained in 2005/2006. • A defined skills set for EU project managers • An online browsing and self assessment of skills portal. • A set of best practice team models for managing EU projects. • A set of course materials with exercises and example projects. For structuring the skills set the EU Leonardo da Vinci project ManagEUr followed the EU standards for skills descriptions [3] (see Figure 1). A Domain, contains Job Roles, which contain Units, which contain Elements, which contain Performance Criteria, which must be proven by Evidences. Figure 1: Basic elements of the skills definition model


Different methods of determining the size of fuel droplets in the atomization process are presented. The distribution of those drops is also presented in graphic form.


The moisture of beer lees is an important index for safe preservation, which should be lower than 8%~10% in beer lees after drying based on the technology. To inspect the moisture on line, a model of applying BP-ANN, and a prediction system of real-time inspection which designed based on this model to realize soft-measuring. The deviation between the predicted values and off-line analysis results was about 2.5% and met the need of drying process demand. The predicted results have practical value.


The L-selectin glycoprotein receptor mediates the initial steps of leukocyte migration into secondary lymphoid organs and sites of inflammation. Following cell activation through the engagement of G-protein-coupled receptors or immunoreceptors, the extracellular domains of L-selectin are rapidly shed, a process negatively controlled via the binding of the ubiquitous eukaryotic calcium-binding protein calmodulin to the cytoplasmic tail of L-selectin. Here we present the solution structure of calcium-calmodulinboundtoapeptideencompassingthecytoplasmic tail and part of the transmembrane domain of L-selectin. The structure and accompanying biophysical study highlight the importance of both calcium and the transmembrane segment of L-selectin in the interaction between these two proteins, suggesting that by binding this region, calmodulin regulates in an "inside-out" fashion the ectodomain shedding of the receptor. Our structure provides the first molecular insight into the emerging new role for calmodulin as a transmembrane signaling partner.


Traditional 3D printing usually uses professional software such as SolidWorks and Maya for modeling. However, applying the software mentioned above to customize 3D food printing patterns has the problems of a solid professional operation and high skill requirements. In response to this problem, a pattern drawing software applied to 3D food printing equipment was designed. The software uses image processing technology and C# programming language, based on Windows operating system and. NET Framework, combined with SQLite database technology to achieve product pattern drawing and model export functions. Among them, the automatic extraction of the enclosed area realized by the flood filling algorithm is the core function of product pattern drawing; the automatic acquisition of the contour of the connected graph recognized by the canny edge detection algorithm is the crucial step of the model derivation. The test results show that the software can quickly implement template import, pattern drawing, model export, and other operations, which improves the efficiency and ease of operation of pattern drawing in 3D food printing; The model file exported by the software can be directly used in the layered printing process of a 3D printer, which provides a direction for promoting the application of 3D printing technology in the food industry.


Hydrogen formation in the photolysis of propyne at 1236 A occurs exclusively via a molecular process. The following reactions are energetically possible at 1236 A: CH3C≡CH + hν → C3H2 + H2 → C3H+H+H2 → C3+2H2 → CH+C2H+H2. Photolysis of CH3C≡CH yields equal amounts of D2 and HD; addition of inert gas (C2F6) reduces HD relative to D2. These observations are taken as evidence for participation of the over‐all Process (E) which may be rewritten as follows: CH3C≡CH + hν → C3HD* + D2,C3DH* → C3 + HD,C3DH* + M → C3DH + M. The dissociative lifetime of C3DH* is estimated to be 10−10 sec assuming unit efficiency for collisional deactivation.


The development of the era that makes technology more sophisticated and makes it easier for humans to interact with each other remotely, namely social media which has had several impacts on human life. One of the impacts is the ease in upholding justice carried out by social media users/the public in ongoing cases. Action that embodies treating all people with fairness, respect, dignity, and generosity are namely social justice. The methods that are used to find research models are doing literature review and combining the existing models. Influence is when someone does something and people are following someone to do that. The social media intensity or how often people using their social media are related to the influence of social media to social justice because when people using social media often, they might be also seeing cases of social justice in social media more often. The more often they see the more they are likely to see the cases and speak up if needed. This research is using the SmartPLS software to help analyze the research model to data to know the valuable result Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. This research also uses online questionnaires as a survey to collect data and analyze the data that has been collected. The result from data collecting is 126 respondents. The data show that there are 2 significant paths: Personality Traits on Social Media Intensity and Other-User Engagement Behavior on Social Media Intensity, where Personality Traits were the most significant variables.


The -regularization problem with is a nonsmooth and nonconvex problem and has remarkable advantages in the restoration of discrete signals and images. The constrained -regularization problem can improve the image restoration using a priori information. In this paper, we study the optimality conditions for the constrained -regularization problem. We derive the first-order and second-order necessary optimality conditions for the problem. We also give a second-order sufficient condition. The obtained optimality conditions are extensions of the optimality conditions for the smooth constrained optimization. We will also investigate some other interesting properties of the problem. In particular, we will show that a point that satisfies the first-order necessary condition will not be a maximizer of the problem as long as zero is not a solution of the problem.


Due to much higher achievable blocking voltage and faster switching speed, power devices based on wide bandgap (WBG) silicon carbide (SiC) material are ideal for medium voltage (MV) power electronics applications. For example, a 15 kV SiC MOSFET allows a simple and efficient two-level converter configuration for a 7.2 kV solid state transformer (SST) for smart grid applications. Compared with multilevel input series and output parallel (ISOP) solution, this approach offers higher efficiency and reliability, reduced system weight and cost by operating at medium to high switching frequency. However, the main concern is how to precisely implement this device in different MV applications, achieving highest switching frequency while maintaining good thermal performance. This paper reviews the characteristics of 15 kV SiC MOSFET and offers a comprehensive guideline of implementing this device in practical MV power conversion scenarios such as AC-DC, DC-DC and AC-AC in terms of topology selection, loss optimization and thermal management.


Changes of structure and properties of the normalized pipeline steel 09G2S are studied after constant loading at 0.75 of the yield stress for up to 10 years. It is found that in the first five years of loading the strain aging develops in the steel causing significant changes of physical properties and increase of ductile-brittle transition temperature. On further loading the processes of strain aging are stabilized and their rate decreases, as can be seen from the measurement of physical properties and the character of substructure.


52 WHEN 00 BOND MARKIlTS IUlWAIW INVESTOIU FOR. INlllREST R.ATB R.ISJa F ixed-income portfolio managers pay considerable attention to risk/return trade-offi . They devote most of their effort, however, to developing interest rate risk measures and risk control tools. They have not analyzed the other side of the trade-off, thetpotential reward, nearly as much . In this'a~ticle,we will examine what historiGJl data can tell us about the reward for interest rate risk. We show empirical evidence from several bond markets and discuss the implications .for interest rate risk management. Investors often measure interest rate risk by the volatility of bond returns over some investment horizon, say, a month.Monthly returns of long-term bonds are highly variable, while the returns of one-month bonds are quite .stable. We define the realized bond risk premium as the excess return ofa long-term bond over a one-month bond. Most of the monthly excess return is unexpecteds-ethis is the risk. A small part of it is expected this is die reward for interest rate risk; that is, the compensationthatinvestors require and the market offers for bearing the long-term bond's volatility. '._ _It ~:J.1~@ :;~9:;.~ect..~e~ed bond ~kpremium Uito 'exp~t~'~)~nd : u~expe~ted parts, because marketexpecti tit>lis ire' ~ot o~serVabie. On the one hand, if the . exp~t~'d; boridriSK:premium is constant over tfu1e, we e;rt ·~tiiiia,t6 Tt:by fh~ ·historical ave~ge premium. On the odie! hand, if the expected premium varies over time, a historical average is not the bestestimate of the -near-term expected premium. If we find tht excess bond returns can be pre-


The two-dimensional wave diffraction problem, acoustic or electromagnetic, in which a pulse of step-function time dependence is diffracted by a resistive half-plane is solved by assuming dynamic similarity in the solution.


........................................................................................................... ii ENGLISH LANGUAGE DISCLAIMER .............................................................. iv DEDICATION .........................................................................................................v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. xii LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. xiv INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTING THE RESEARCH ....................................1 Background of Researcher ........................................................................3 Purpose Statement .....................................................................................5 Goal Statement ..........................................................................................5 Significance Statement..............................................................................5 Central Research Issue ..............................................................................6 Research Questions ...................................................................................6 Definitions.................................................................................................7 Delimitations .............................................................................................7 Assumptions ..............................................................................................8 Overview of the Dissertation ....................................................................8 Chapter 1 THE SOCIAL-LINGUISTIC CONTEXT: KENYA IN TRANSITION...............................................................................................10 Country Background ...............................................................................10 Language Politics in Kenya ........................................................13 Code Switching ...........................................................................16 Church Setting and Language use...............................................17 Population Studied ..................................................................................18 Summary .................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS ..................................................20


The present embodiments are, it is determined that the least moisture phenomenon occurred on the basis of the detected humidity to sense the humidity, inaccurate or incorrect sensing data corresponding to at least moisture phenomenon is generated and it is possible to prevent the compensation does not work, further line relates to a timing controller, a display panel, an organic light emitting display and a driving method which can give protection to the screen anomalies or over-current occurs or panel bunt symptoms such as defects.


The preparation of engineering specifications is a matter which the engineering graduate is likely to meet early in his experience. Therefore a knowledge of the subject and its relation to business law is important. Yet there is probably no subject which appeals less to the interest of the undergraduate student, or is more generally regarded as dry and tiresome. But modern theories of engineering education recognize clearly that a purely technical preparation cannot fit the engineer for the greatest sphere of usefulness, or the one which he should properly occupy.


Implicit enumeration of prime implicates in Truth Maintenance System (TMS) is investigated. CMS (Clause Management System), an extension of Assumption-based TMS (ATMS), that accepts any type of justi cation has a burden to compute all prime implicates, since its complexity is NP-complete. To improve the performance of multiple-context TMS such compact representation of boolean functions. In this paper, we propose a BDD-based Multiple-context TMS (BMTMS) and present the design and implementation of interface between TMS and BDD. The interface provides high level speci cations of logical formulas, and has mechanisms to schedule BDD commands to avoid combinatorial explosions in constructing BDDs. In BMTMS, most TMS operations are carried out without enumerating all prime implicates.


Fiber filter has important applications in fiber sensor and optical fiber communication system.Especially,filter with all-fiber structure and tunable wavelength spacing is worth studying due to its unique characteristics.A polarization-independent all-fiber birefringent filter with adjustable wavelength spacing is proposed.The apparatus consists of a polarization beam splitter(PBS),two sections of polarization-maintaining fiber(PMF),and four half-wave plates(HWPs).The theoretical analysis shows that it operates as a polarization-independent multi-wavelength filter with good channel isolation and adjustable wavelength spacing by controlling the four HWPs in the loop.This filter is applicable for flexible multi-wavelength fiber laser and other optical fiber systems.


A combined, electron microscope and radioimmunoassay investigation was carried out on the G cells and blood gastrin levels in patients who received either selective vagotomy (SV) plus pyloroplasty (P) or selective vagotomy plus antrectomy (A) for duodenal ulcer.1. After SV+P, G cells did not show any degenerative or hypofunctional signs in their fine structure, but their secretory granules trended towards the cell base, suggesting a presecretory state. Six months postoperatively, the G cells were markedly increased in number (hyperplasia). In accordance, basal gastrin levels were elevated (hypergastrinemia). After SV+A, which caused better prognosis, blood gastrin levels dropped more or less conspiciously as the main source of G cells had been removed.2. G cells denervated by surgery (SV+P), reacted to the stimuli of meat extract by releasing their granules and elevating blood gastrin levels, as the innervated G cells do. The response of G cells to the luminal stimuli is thus not believed to be essentially related to nerves.3. The denervated G cells also could, as innervated ones, release gastrin in response to insulin hypoglycemia. Thus it is proposed that this stimulation is not mediated by the vagal nerve.4. Gastrin release from the G cell was evidenced in this study as emiocytotic granule release from the cell base. The frequency of the Ω-shaped granule openings found in the electron microscope well corresponded to the gastrin levels in the blood.