The Hampson-type Joule-Thomson cryocoolers are preferred for cryosurgical probes due to their small size and no moving parts. Due to substantial change of pressure and temperature along both the inlet and returning streams, property variations of the working fluid and pressure drop in the streams have to be realistically accounted for. Numerical analysis is the key to such demanding design applications. In the present work, steady state numerical simulation of the heat exchanger of the Joule-Thomson cryocooler is carried out. The model predicts the pressure and temperature profiles of the high pressure inlet and low pressure returning stream. These results are validated using various data available in literature. Once validated, the steady state model may be used for design of heat exchanger for Joule-Thompson cryocooler to be used in cryosurgical probe. Various key parameters of the heat exchanger that affect its performance are identified and their effects are studied.


N PREVIOUS papers acquisition of community property by adverse possession and by improvements on land has been discussed, as have also the primary sources of acquisition, through the earnings of the spouses, the rents, issues and profits of separate property (in some states), and borrowed money and credit purchases.' Two other sources remain to be examined; namely, the proceeds of insurance policies, and recoveries for personal Injuries.


While early studies reported superior survival for cancer patients enrolled on clinical trials, recent findings are inconclusive. We investigated the association between enrollment on contemporary trials and event‐free survival (EFS) in pediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). In a retrospective cohort of 274 children (1–21 years) treated for B‐ALL from 2008 to 2015, 55.5% enrolled with no disparity in enrollment by age, sex, or ethnicity. Three‐year EFS was similar for enrolled and not enrolled patients (90.1% [95% CI, 82.5–94.5] versus 86.5% [95% CI, 77.7–92.0]). Clinical trial enrollment did not affect pediatric B‐ALL survival, albeit in a limited‐size cohort treated at a single academic institution.


Purpose: We investigated the effect of the level of spinal cord injury and urinary catheterization on sexual function and activity in male patients with upper motor neuron (UMN) injury. Materials and Methods: We reviewed patient's chart, radiologic and urodynamic study. We interviewed patient's sexual activity according to educational status, economic and marriage state, occupation, duration of spinal cord injury and pattern of voiding. A total of 114 male patients with neurogenic bladder due to UMN injury were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 33 patients who underwent a clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) regimen and group 2 consisted of 81 patients with a suprapubic catheter, condom catheter, or Foley catheter. A detailed sexual behavior was taken for all patients to complete a questionnaire including the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Results: Satisfaction with intercourse (p=0.037) and total score (p=0.032) on the IIEF-5 were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. The other items on the IIEF-5 did not differ significantly between the groups. When the subjects were stratified according to level of spinal cord injury, 8 patients (18.6%) with cervical cord injury had no sexual activity, whereas 24 patients (33.8%) with non-cervical-cord injury did (p=0.048). Patients with no sexual activity were 12.1% (4/33) of the patients in the CIC group and 34.6% (28/81) of the patients who underwent other regimens (p= 0.016). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that level of spinal cord injury and urinary catheterization may influence the sexual activity of male patients with UMN injury. Our results suggest that the CIC regimen had a positive effect on the sexual activity of these patients. (Korean J Urol 2009;50: 1225-1230) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


Enabling educated individuals to work abroad entails a brain drain and results in educated unemployment at home. Because the prospect of migration raises the expected returns to higher education it also facilitates a "brain gain": a eveloping economy ends up with a higher fraction of educated individuals. Due to the positive externality effect of the prevailing, economy-wide endowment of human capital on the formation of human capital, a relaxation of migration policy pursued in both the current period and the preceding period can greatly facilitate the "take-off" of a developing economy in the current period. Thus we identify a new policy tool that could yield an improvement in the well-being of the population of a developing economy: a controlled migration of educated workers.


To improve the wear resistance of the surface of the cotton picker spindle, a Ni-Co-ZrO2 composite coating with different ZrO2 nanoparticle concentrations was prepared using electrodeposition technology on the micro surface of spindle hook teeth, and the morphologies of the surface and cross-section, element contents, grain sizes, microhardness and friction coefficients of the Ni-Co-ZrO2 composite coating were obtained; a simulated wear test was conducted based on the independently developed spindle hook tooth wear device, and the morphologies and elemental distributions of the composite coating before and after wear were obtained; the effects of different ZrO2 nanoparticle concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 g/L) on the morphology, element content, grain size, microhardness, friction coefficient and wear resistance of the coating were discussed. The test results indicated that compared with Ni-Co coatings, Ni-Co-ZrO2 composite coatings featured a more compact coating structure, a greater coating thickness, and a smaller grain size. The presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles led to further improvement of the coating's microhardness, friction coefficient and wear resistance. When the mass concentration of ZrO2 nanoparticles reached 4 g/L, the microhardness of Ni-Co-ZrO2 composite coating reached the maximum value, 545.4 Hv0.1, and the friction coefficient decreased to 0.06. At the same time, in the simulated wear test, the composite coating with this concentration had the smallest wear area and the highest wear resistance.


With the rapid development of offshore wind power, its permeability in the power system increases year by year, which makes it possible for it to assume the frequency modulation function in the power system. In this paper, an optimal control method of active power for offshore wind farm frequency modulation is presented. Firstly, the mathematical model of doubly-fed wind turbine is established, and the relations among wind speed, speed, pitch angle and active power are constructed. Then, simulated annealing algorithm and offshore wind farm active power optimization model are introduced. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization model is verified by the actual operation data. The method presented in this paper can effectively reduce the action amplitude of the fan rotor in the wind farm and improve the frequency response speed of wind farm.


The objective of this paper is to propose an approach to link corporate data from local to external entities, using hybrid integration platforms (HIPs). An evaluation on different integration approaches is made, following a review of HIPs. The study looks at cloud-based applications, enterprise's partner's application servers in data centers, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. An observation of how HIPs helps reducing the costs, complexity and time needed for end-to-end integration process is made. Four phases of digital transformation are presented, following which, business can receive a number of advantages with-out compromising corporate data integrity and security. The presented methodology complements and further develops the proposed hybrid architecture approach to streamline digital transformation in different economic domains.


The optimisation of an irreversible absorption heat pump based on the new thermo-ecological criterion is presented. We mathematically modelled the ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP), and ...


Here we provide evidence that the auditory system summarizes the temporal details of sounds using time-averaged statistics. We measured discrimination of 'sound textures' that were characterized by particular statistical properties, as normally result from the superposition of many acoustic features in auditory scenes. When listeners discriminated examples of different textures, performance improved with excerpt duration. In contrast, when listeners discriminated different examples of the same texture, performance declined with duration, a paradoxical result given that the information available for discrimination grows with duration. These results indicate that once these sounds are of moderate length, the brain's representation is limited to time-averaged statistics, which, for different examples of the same texture, converge to the same values with increasing duration. Such statistical representations produce good categorical discrimination, but limit the ability to discern temporal detail.


Most approaches to grasp planning assume that the configurations of the object to be grasped and any potential obstacles are known perfectly. As a result, implementations of these "perfect information" approaches to grasp synthesis are necessarily preceded by a perception stage where the the state of the object and obstacles are estimated. Unfortunately, small perceptual errors during the perception stage can cause even good grasp plans to fail. A potentially more robust approach would be to combine perception and grasp synthesis in a single process. Our paper formalizes this as the simultaneous localization and grasping (SLAG) problem. Our formalization casts SLAG as an instance of the belief space planning problem where the robot must reach a configuration where it is very likely that the robot has achieved the task (i.e. grasp) objectives. We apply an approach to belief space planning that is effective in non-Gaussian belief spaces. The approach is demonstrated in a SLAG problem where a robot must locate a cardboard box using a wrist-mounted laser scanner. If a second box occludes the box to be grasped, the robot must push the occlusion out of the way. We empirically demonstrate that our approach is capable of solving this problem and present results over many trials.


This paper proposes a distributed energy storage planning model for hybrid AC/DC microgrids. It is assumed that there is a hybrid AC/DC microgrid with various distributed generators (DGs) and a combination of AC and DC loads, without a distributed energy storage (DES). The optimal power and energy size and location of the DES unit are determined to minimize the microgrid total cost, which includes the investment cost of the DES and its required converter, the operation cost of dispatchable DGs and cost/benefit of exchanged power with the utility grid, as well as the microgrid reliability cost. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and solved by CPLEX. The proposed model is applied to a modified IEEE 33-bus standard test system. The sensitivity analysis with respect to various parameters such as the ratio of DC loads shows the acceptable performance and merits of the proposed model.


S AND TRANSLATIONS 1. Publications in Oceanic linguistics, reported by George W. Grace. Healey, Alan: Linguistic aspects of Telefomin kinship terminology. Anthropological Linguistics, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 14-28, 1962. This paper deals with a dialect of Telefomin spoken in the highlands of the Sepik District of the Territory of New Guinea. 62 categories-many of which involve three different terms which correspond to the person of the possessor-are included. For many of the terms a distinction is made between narrow and broad usage-narrow usage being the kin type or types most frequently elicited when a definition of the term was requested, broad usage being the total extension of the term. The terms are grouped into two (COGNATIC and AFFINAL) classes of BASIC terms and four (descriptive, redundant, pseudo, and kin group) classes of peripheral terms. DESCRIPTIVE terms involve clearly identifiable morphemes in productive constructions in such a way that their meaning is predictable. Terms which cover only the area of meaning of two or more other terms are REDUNDANT if a narrow and a broad specifically kinship usage can be distinguished, and PSEUDO if they cannot. KIN GROUP terms designate pairs (dual) of individuals connected by given kin relations or a group (plural) of such pairs. Healey discusses the relevant aspects of the grammatical analysis of the terms and the problems involved in determining the boundaries of the entire set and of the various classes. Hollyman, K. J.: The lizard and the axe: a study of the effects of European contact of the indigenous languages of Polynesia and island Melanesia. Journal of the Polynesian Society 71.310-327, 1962. In areas of large-scale European settlement in Oceania, bilingualism is well established. The languages of some smaller groups in Melanesia have disappeared or are disappearing. Elsewhere the indigenous languages continue in full use, but are meeting increasing competition from a European language, or (in some Melanesian cases) from pidgin or a native lingua franca. There has been lexical borrowing almost everywhere, much of it under the direct sponsorship of European missionaries. There have been some borrowings from other indigenous languages and some loan translations. Grammatical influence, while little information is available, seems not to have been important. However, instances are known where Biblical translations have altered the functions of grammatical elements and where the altered function has been carried into nonBiblical contexts. Phonemic borrowing has not been observed in Polynesian languages, but is known in Melanesia. It is suggested that this occurred in places which already had a tradition of 'egalitarian bilingualism,' i.e., where none of the languages involved had significantly greater prestige than any other. This sort of bilingualism was common, for instance, in New Caledonia. Kasarh6rou, Jacqueline: Prosodemes de la langue Melanesienne de Houailou. Bulletin de la Soci6t6 de Linguistique de Paris 56.181-201, 1961. (In the basic work on New Caledonian languages, Maurice Leenhardt had indicated that tonal systems were to be found in most of the languages of the island. In the case of language of Houailou-the language which he knew best-he had asserted that four different tones were distinguishable. However, there has been considerable doubt as to the accuracy of his conclusion.) Mme. Kasarh6rou describes the situation in the language of Houalou as follows: (1) there are nine vowel phonemes and phonemic length. (2) There is a simultaneous three-way distinction among pharyngalized (or glottal-


CoNrBNrs Introduction. The Fibrous Habit. . . . . . Fibrous Quartz a Rare Phenomenon?. . . .. . Significance of Fibrous Quartz Veins in Virginia. The Virginia Deposits. Distribution, Size and Character of the Veins. Nature of the Wallrocks. Replacement Origin of the Original Asbestos Veins. . Character of the Pseudomorphous Qtaftz. Evidences of Secondary Introduction and Replacement origin of the Fibrous


Preface and Acknowledgments Plan of Barcelona Map of Catalonia Introduction by J.M. Sobrer I. Place Carles Soldevila 15 The Art of Showing Barcelona Joan Amades 38 Stones and the Cult of the Dead Quim Monzo 55 Barcelona Beat Merce Rodoreda 71 Two Stories II. Time Baltasar Porcel 83 A Succinct Explanation of Catalonia for Castilians Jaume Vicens I Vives 95 The Catalans and the Minotaur Joan Fuster 106 Maragall and Unamuno, Face to Face Montserrat Roig 127 Catalans in Nazi Death Camps Salvador Espriu 146 Two Parables III. People Josep Pla 157 Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926) Joseph Palau I Fabre 191 Picasso and Catalonia J.V. Foix 202 Three Painters and Four Colors Pere Calders 214 Two Stories Bibliography Index of Proper Names and Terms


Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) can be classified into three categories according to their underlying switching technologies: Category I consists of a single large optical switch; category II is composed of a number of small optical switches aligned in parallel; and category III has a single optical switch and only one wavelength being added/dropped. The ROADM  wavelength occupancy probability is not same when implemented in dynamic optical networks. In this paper, to evaluate the wavelength-routing capability of ROADMs of category I in dynamic optical networks, we design Bernoulli, Poisson and Pascal models for smooth, regular and peak types of traffic. Through Analytical and Simulation results, we have determined the routing power of cat-I of ROADM networks for all traffic models.


Pontianak Malay community has tendency to use Arabic names as a marker of identity. The names are then abbreviated when they want to call the owner of the name. Interestingly, those abbreviated name s are able to bring another variant s . Therefore, this paper aims to describe Malay abbreviated proper name s and those variants . This paper uses the proper name s of Malay Pontianak as data. The data obtained from Malay community and also Facebook account Cinte Bahasa Melayu Kalbar (CBMK). In addition, the author also add s data to collect names carried by the society . Based on the data of collected proper names, it was found that the Pontianak Malay community abbreviate d their name when they call the owner of the name. The abbreviated names are not only done by eliminating some of the elements of sound, but also by eliminating , replac ing or add ing to it. Additionally, the communit y also create s variant forms of the abbreviated names .


ZigBee technology was developed for a wireless personal area networks (PAN), aimed at control and military applications with low data rate and low power consumption. This thesis is mainly focusing on development of Matlab/Simulink model for ZigBee transceiver at physical layer using IEEE 802.15.4. ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking standard. First, the low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications. Second, the low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. Third, the mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive range. The work presented here is to show how we can implement ZigBee transceiver with its specifications by using Matlab/simulink, without using complex mathematical blocks.
A ZigBee chip can tested and prepared by shifting the whole work from matlab environment to cadance environment. This can be done by HDL languages like Verilog HDL. Here, Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) modulation technique is described, an analysis of which shows that the theoretical maximum bandwidth efficiency of MSK is 2 bits/s/Hz which is same as for Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Offset QPSK). The implementation clearly confirms the viability of theoritical approach. Results show that OQPSK modulation with half sine pulse shaping is perfectly employed ZigBee technology.


The purpose of this research is to find out the views of KH. M. Hasyim Asy'ari about the ethics of Islamic religious education teachers and their relevance to improving the quality of Islamic education in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach which is library research with descriptive methods. This study concludes that teachers should be careful in maintaining their attitudes, ethics and behavior in carrying out teaching and learning activities, and base each teaching behavior with the ethical values of learning. In order for the quality of Islamic education in Indonesia to increase, teachers must have ethics; teacher ethics towards oneself, teacher ethics in the teaching and learning process, teacher ethics towards students, and ethics towards books (textbooks) as a tool for learning. For now it is felt very important to be appreciated again in the midst of a state of the education system that has been trapped in a material-oriented view. In the view of KH. M. Hasyim Asy`ari that material is not the goal of education. In this case KH. M. Hasyim Asy`ari places more emphasis on teacher ethics that a teacher must have a clean heart in teaching, asceticism, and a sincere intention to seek the pleasure of Allah. And must maintain the authority of the teacher towards students.


A plurality of CPMG sequences is used to obtain NMR data with an instrument having a gradient magnetic with a constant resolution of T2. Different values of acquisition time (AT) are used for different frequencies with a typical ratio of the number of frequencies having a given AT being 1:1:2:4:8 with a corresponding ratio of ATs of 16:8:4:2:1. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, modified CPMG sequences are used wherein the angle associated with the refocusing pulses is less than 180°.


A series of 2-(1-methyl-3-n-propylpyrazol-5-yl)-chromones with interesting Phosphodiesterase IV inhibitition activities were synthesized. Different derivatives of the titled compounds like aminopyrimidine, thiopyrimidine, pyrazolyl were synthesized and their Phosphodiesterase IV inhibitition activities were checked.


We present a comparison of directional couplers and multi-mode interferometers based on the unique properties of high-index contrast ridge waveguides. The two devices are intimately related as the MMI is structurally derived from the DC. For the first time, the continuous evolution from the two-mode coupling characteristic of DC to the multi-mode mixing and interference characteristic of MMI is shown. We show that practical directional couplers with reasonable gap size can also be quite compact and have the same coupling length for both TE and TM polarizations. Consequently, the DC can be just as polarization insensitive as the MMI. These features, however, require careful design control involving a large set of design parameters. On top of that, we also show a novel design of polarization splitter based on both DC and MMI. By comparison, the MMI design is more robust and involves fewer design variables.


The rapid expansion of wireless technology for commercial purposes, notably mobile telephony, has created a demand for low cost, high quality, fabrication processes and materials capable of use for microwave work. In this paper a thick-film process is described which not only meets the current requirements for wireless technology, but has been shown to offer outstanding potential for advanced integrated structures operating at higher microwave frequencies, into the mm-wave band. In addition, the paper addresses the key issues of material characterisation at microwave frequencies and describes some new techniques for obtaining accurate data on relative permittivity and loss tangent of thin dielectrics. Using this technique, measurements have been made on a new low loss low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material and results are reported. Measurements have also been made to establish the principal electrical properties of the material, namely dielectric loss, dielectric permittivity and line loss. The key measured data are: (i) very low loss tangent, 10/sup -4/ over the frequency range 8-12 GHz, (ii) consistent values of 3.9 for the dielectric relative permittivity, (iii) low line loss to at least 40 GHz, and (iv) low dispersion. Experimental work has also been carried out to compare the relative performance of etched and printed thick-film lines, using a range of substrates, including LTCC materials, over a wide range of frequencies. In particular, measured data on 50 ohm microstrip lines fabricated on alumina using the new thick-film gold technology gave line loss values varying from 0.005 dB/mm at 2 GHz to 0.033 dB/mm at 40 GHz, which is a further indication of the performance that is obtainable from the technology.


Objective:To study the isolation rate of Acinetobacter species(including Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii),survey and analyze the changes of Acinetobacter resistance to common antimicrobial agents.Methods:The bacteria were identified by API system;the sensitivity of antimicrobial agents was tested by K-B method;the data was analyzed by WHONET 5.4.Results:The isolation rate of Acinetobacter was increasing year-by-year from 3.3% in 2002 to 6.8% in 2006;and the resistance rates of Acinetobacter to common antimicrobial agents was increasing.The three of the highest increase as follows:Amikacin from 21.9% to 59.6%,Piperacillin/tazpbactam from 25.4% to 54.6%,Ceftazidime from 41.5% to 69.1%.Conclusion:It's important that surveillance data of the resistance rates of Acinetobacter to common antimicrobial agents,place importance on high increases of the resistance rates and select antimicrobial agents rational.


Caryl Churchill has often been designated a socialist feminist in her work as a playwright, and associated with a theoretical perspective which, in Michelene Wandor's words, "aims to analyse and understand the way in which power relations based on class interact with power relations based on gender." Her dramaturgical approach to themes involving women and patriarchy has been distinctively different from that of many of her male peers of socialist persuasion in the British theatre of the past two decades. She uses fragmented, open-ended dramatic structures, and an approach to characterization which is often the result of extensive field-work, workshops and improvisations carried out with her actors before she begins writing her plays. This workshop approach, which frequently dispenses with linear "master narrative" forms altogether, was first developed with the feminist theatre group Monstrous Regiment — with whom she wrote Vinegar Tom (1976), a play about witch-hunts in seventeenth-century England — and ...


Using virtual output queueing (VOQ), maximum matching scheduling algorithms have been shown to achieve 100% throughput in input-queued switches, but has high complexity such that implementation is infeasible for high-speed systems. Iterative maximal matching algorithms, proposed as an alternative, cannot run for more than a few iterations due to the hardware complexity involved, thus resulting in low throughput. In this paper, we introduce a starvation-free iterative maximal matching algorithm called highest count first (iHCF). The iHCF algorithm gives preferential service based on the approximate age of the head-of-line cell in a VOQ and maximizes the size of the matching using round-robin priority pointers. We show that iHCF can achieve 100% throughput under i.i.d and uniform traffic in a single iteration. We also show using simulations that it performs as well as other known practical algorithms and achieves 100% throughput when run for only a few iterations under different admissible traffic patterns. Compared to other algorithms, iHCF leads to low complexity architecture such that the scheduling does not become the bottleneck.


This qualitative study explores the issues and challenges faced by childhood early teachers in Punjab, Pakistan, in relation to their professional motivation and early childhood teacher education. Phenomenological research design was employed to explore subjective experiences of early childhood teachers in relation to the research problem. A purposive sample of early childhood teachers who have experience teaching in early childhood education setting in Punjab, Pakistan was selected for the study. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary method of data collection. A qualitative content analysis was employed to identify the themes and patterns within the data through NVIVO 14 software. The study found that early childhood teachers in Punjab, Pakistan face a range of challenges that impact their professional motivation, including inadequate training and professional development opportunities, low salaries, and a lack of recognition and support from the parents and the wider community. The study highlights the need for policy makers in Punjab, to address challenges faced by teachers and to provide them necessary support & resources to enable them to provide high-quality early childhood education.


Background: In 2018-19 as recommended by National Health Policy an Ambitious health care scheme as Ayushman Bharat programme was started by Government of India steps toward the Universal health coverage. Ayushman Bharat is also known as Healthy India having two major component. Creation of Health and Wellness Centres and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY). Comprehensive primary health care services will be delivered up gradation of existing health facility in various 10 core area and 13 different types of health services will be delivered at HWC health facility.
Progress in Health and Wellness under Ayushman Bharat Programme: First HWC was inaugurated by GOI in state of Chhattisgarh within Bijapur district at jangla village of Bhairamgarh Taluka on On 18th April 2018. Till 06th Feb 2021 total 58961 Health and wellness cneters are operational in India and In Maharashtra total 8423 Health and wellness cneters are operational where in Bhandara district total 177 Health and wellness cneters are operational which include 143 SHC Health and wellness center, 33 PHC Health and wellness center and 1 UPHC Health and wellness center.
Achievements in Health and Wellness Center: In Bhandara district 98% of Medical Officer, 90% of Staff Nurse, 93% of MPW Female, 88% of MPW Male and 99% of ASHA trained NPCDCS Programme. Where 10,69,219 screening test for Hypertension and 10,81,901 screening test for Diabetes conducted in HWC health facility. Total 4097 Yoga sessions conducted at HWC health facility.
Conclusion: 13 different types of health services which are delivered at Health and Wellness Centres health facility under Ayushman Bharat is step towards the Unvarsal health coverage provision in rural area of bhandara district.


Some crucial time series of market data, such as electricity spot prices, exhibit long-memory, in the sense of slowly-decaying correlations, combined with heteroskedasticity. To be able to modelize such a behavior, we consider the k-factor GIGARCH process. The related parameter estimation problem is addressed using an extension of Whittle's estimation. We develop the corresponding asymptotic theory for estimation. We apply this approach to the electricity prices (spot prices) from the German energy market (European Energy eXchange). For these data, we propose two models of k-factor GIGARCH processes. To conclude the paper, we analyze in detail the forecasting performances of these models


We present observations of the pre-Main Sequence, rapidly-rotating (0.515 day) late-type star, AB Doradus (HD 36705), made by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite. A high-quality spectrum was accumulated between November 4–11, 1993, with an effective exposure time of about 40 hours. The data constrain the coronal temperature structure between several 104 K up to roughly 2 × 107 K through a differential emission measure analysis using an optically-thin plasma model. The resulting differential emission measure (DEM) distribution shows: a) dominant emission from plasma between about 2 × 106 K and 2 × 107 K, b) very little emission from plasma between 105 K and 2 × 106 K, and c) emission from plasma below about 105 K. If solar photospheric abundances are assumed, then the formal DEM solution also requires the presence of a strong high-temperature component (above about 3 × 107 K) in order to fit the strong continuum emission below about 150 A; however, we believe that this component of the solution is not physical. The DEM analysis gives a best-fit value for the interstellar hydrogen column density of N H = (2.4 ± 0.5) × 1018 cm-2.


Professor Der Nersessian has now produced a capital little book on her own land and people up to the fall of the Cilician kingdom in the fourteenth century. It would have been bitter indeed to have felt it necessary to continue the story until the present day for the Armenian people seem to have been marked out by God to suffer persecution only second to the Jews. Yet they were the first people to accept Christianity as their official religion and their 'Church was one of the principal strongholds of Armenian nationalism', guarding their language and supporting their secular traditions. Holy Writ was to the Armenians like the icons to the Greek Orthodox and frequently the Gospels were carried into battle as the palladium of the nation. An intelligent, cultured, and artistic people, they gave saints to the Church, emperors, generals, scholars, and patriarchs to the Byzantine Empire, and architects, sculptors, and painters of considerable importance to the history of art. The structure of the early churches of the sixth and seventh centuries has fascinated, and sometimes bemused, architectural historians; the eleventh-century cathedral at Ani, 'with its harmonious proportions, once dominated by the high dome', is one of the landmarks of the times. In the tenth century an Armenian architect Trdat was summoned to restore the great church of Holy Wisdom at Constantinople; in the thirteenth century T'oros Roslin, working in the scriptorium of the patriarchal see at Hromkla in Cicilia, was an astonishing and original painter who produced masterpieces worthy to rank with the best Byzantine artists. In a series of short chapters Professor Der Nersessian dutifully begins her story with the rise of the Urartu kingdom in the ninth century B.C. but she is at her best when stressing the importance of the role played by the Armenian people in the Byzantine Empire. More succinct chapters deal with society and economics, religion, literature and learning, and then architecture and the arts. The book is pleasantly illustrated with drawings and plans in the text and black and white plates at the back. There are notes to the plates and each chapter has its select bibliography. All in all an admirable introduction to a gifted and tragic people. JOHN BECKWITH


It is crucial that research be conducted on optimal method of cargo flows distribution in port Logistics Park. It is very complicated to distribute cargo flows systematically in port Logistics Park when the transportation of resources and destinations are all random variables. This paper sets up a mathematical model of cargo flows distribution in port Logistics Park through analysis of the transport system inside the logistics park, which is based on the open storage network theory, in order to solve the chaotic cargo flows distribution problems. Then this paper designs the genetic algorithm with random simulation to solve the model above and get the optimal solution. The authors can get the optimal transport method of cargo flows distribution inside the logistics park in order to break the bottlenecks of cargo flows distribution in port Logistics Park. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the method through the analysis result of an example and put forward some prospects.


Housing is a basic human good and right. It plays a versa-tile role, allowing people to fulfil a number of needs, and it is not limited only to one's immediate living space, but also includes an individual's wider living environment. People's relationship toward housing and their living environment changes over the course of their lives. Especially in old age, housing becomes more important. Research shows that the elderly want to remain in their home environments as long as possible because they are closely attached to them. In order to determine whether these findings also apply to Slovenia, this article analyses how attached the elderly in Slovenia are to their homes and wider living environment and how satisfied they are with living there. The elderly's views were obtained with a survey, and a statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, based on the calculation of various statistical correlation tests. The analysis confirmed the assumption that the Slovenian elderly are also very attached to their homes or home environments and are satisfied with living there. In addition, the analysis showed some differences among the elderly in this regard depending on their age, where they live and how long they have been living in their current homes.


A field study was conducted during summer season of 2008 at College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari to study the influence of organic fertilizer and different levels of sulphur on growth, yield and quality of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] for vegetable purpose. Three levels of organic fertilizer and three levels of sulphur were tried. Among organic fertilizers, biocompost @ 5 t/ha registered significantly higher plant height (145.58 cm), dry matter production (65.95 g/plant), green pod (5325 kg/ha), straw (3137 kg/ha) yields, protein content (20.30%) and protein yield (188.68 kg/ha) over control. Similarly, sulphur levels also recorded significant effect in increasing all these growth, yield and quality parameters. Sulphur @ 50 kg/ha registered higher plant height (152.32 cm), dry matter production (67.17 g/plant), green pod (6071 kg/ha), straw yields (3344 kg/ha), protein content (21.23%) and protein yield (208.51 kg/ ha) as compared to all other treatments.


This article presents the clinical case of successful treatment of patient with giant aneurysm of middle cerebral artery. This patient underwent multiple but inefficient endovascular embolizations of giant aneurysm of middle cerebral artery that is why he was operated on with aneurysm clipping and the removal of aneurysm body with coils was performed.


Epithelial cells, which cover all external and internal surfaces throughout the body, are interconnected via specialized major adhesive contacts. The dissociation of these contacts is an indispensable mechanism during morphogenesis and is also implicated in promoting carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Within this study it was shown that the dissociation of epithelial contacts activates the transcription factor Serum Response Factor (SRF) and its endogenous target genes. During this process, the small GTPase Rac, the depletion of the cellular monomeric actin pool and the SRF cofactor MAL were identified to be required and sufficient for signal transduction.


Microwave signals, for example, those from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and very long baseline interferometry, are affected by tropospheric turbulence in such a way that the random fl...


Many transplant centers routinely utilize monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antibody based induction protocols in recipients of cadaver renal allografts. Given the potential complications associated with antibody-based immunosuppression regimens (e.g., CMV disease), we tested the hypothesis that a combination of a calcium antagonist and a triple drug protocol (cyclosporine + prednisone + azathioprine) would be an effective substitute for antibody-based induction protocols in ensuring excellent patient and graft survival rates. Our postulate was tested in a prospective study of 52 consecutive recipients of cadaver renal allografts (44 first, 5 second, and 3 third grafts) utilizing nifedipine as the first line calcium antagonist. Nifedipine was selected over verapamil or diltiazem due to its lack of interference with the metabolism of CsA. Some of the significant outcomes of our prospective trial were (A) a cumulative patient survival rate of 98.1% for the 52 recipients at 18 months posttransplantation; (B) a cumulative allograft survival rate of 92.1% for the 52 consecutive cadaver renal allografts at 18 months; (C) a cumulative allograft survival rate of 100% at 18 months for the 24 of 52 renal allografts without delayed graft function following transplantation; and (D) a cumulative allograft survival rate of 86% at 18 months for the 28 of 52 renal allografts with delayed graft function. Of the 4 of 52 who lost their grafts, 2 grafts were removed following discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy while the remaining 2 had primary nonfunction; and (E) the lack of a requirement for monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies for the treatment of acute rejection episodes in this patient population.


Objective To investigate the changes of LPS and TNF-α during the operation of piggyback liver transplantation. Methods Thirteen patients with liver function failure (HF group) and 9 patients without liver function failure (NHF group) were recruited to detect their blood levels of LPS and TNF-α during operation. Their blood samples were drawn at the following time points: 30 min after operation beginning (T1), 90 min after sick liver removal (T2), 30 min after donor liver transplanted (T3), and the end of operaion (T4). Results The levels of LPS and TNF-α changed significantly in the two groups, especially in HF group. LPS at T3 and TNF-α at T3 and T4 in HF group were significantly higher than those in NFH group (P0.05). Conclusion The change of LPS and TNF-α in operation is one of main reasons for abnormal blood volume distribution in liver function failure.


Is it not "past the infinite of thought?" Even though expressed in numbers, who has a mental grasp of the stellar distances? And equally inadequate is the time conception of any working aeon taken by nature in sculpturing the features of our Mother Earth. Still, though we may do no betterthan conjecture the time of any special fashioning, so dim is the distance, yet the geologic record makes clear the fact that the sea coast of New Jersey formerly extended very much farther into the Atlantic than it does to-day. In taking soundings off the coast the lead will drop suddenly into deep gorges in the ocean bed, thus revealing, as it were, an oceanic valley nearly parallel to the coast line. Though about a hundred miles south-east of the present mouth of the Hudson, this seems to denote the ancient outlet of the river into the sea. All this is in accord with the facts known concerning the subsidence of the New Jersey coast. Even when Hudson saw them, the Highlands of Navesink were somewhat higher than now, hence with the Squan Highlallds, the first land sighted by homing vessels, were visible further out at sea. These


universals used to rationalize what is and hence to promote complacency about or acceptance of those patterns and those settings. For me, the task of a scholar is thus to liberate people from their abstractions, to reduce abstractions to concrete historical settings, and, by so doing, to expose as ideology what appears to be positive factions, to reduce abstractions to concrete historical settings, and, by so doing, to expose as ideology what appears to be positive fact or ethical norm. The problem of power immediately implicates a problem of method. The critical enterprise must proceed without itself descending into the empiricist concepts of atomic fact or causality, which are themselves features of the world one is trying to unpresuppose. We must come to terms with the pervasive legacy of positivism." I am frequently asked, for example, "How do you know it is a world of domination, subordination, and illegitimate hierarchy?" The easy answer is: "How do you know it is a world of shared values?" Within the positivist tradition, the best one can achieve is an empirical standoff and an endless debate about whether false consciousness exists


Summary I would like to emphasize that for good performance high quality personnel are essential. There is no substitute for good starting material. The reservoir of agriculturally oriented men from farms is about exhausted. We must in the future attract and motivate good students who have no previous agricultural background. A good curriculum in food sciences, I believe, must include motivational courses, some operations, plant tours, etc. I believe it is important for non-agriculturally oriented students to have some opportunity to experience the actual work of the industry since in most cases they have had no opportunity even to see much work being done. A trip through a modern high production food plant with opportunity to experience the drama of food products moving in mass production to the market-place can do much to stimulate needed high caliber men into our industry.


With the development of a new generation of high-integrated semiconductors, a need for improvement of technology to monitor processes on a nanometer scale is increased. A detection technology that accurately measures the thickness of thin films and informs the end-point of the chemical mechanical polishing process is also required. In this study, the thickness of thin copper films with sub-micron scales was measured by fabricated eddy current sensors with increased sensitivity. The sensitivity of the sensor was improved by aligning the resonant frequency of the circuit with the frequency of the supplied AC voltage and increasing the Q factor of the circuit. The thickness of the wafer was changed through the polishing process and output voltages depending on the thickness of the copper layer were observed by the eddy current sensor. The thickness with a sub-micron scale of the copper film was precisely measured within ±1.5 nm of an average error.


This paper provides a "semi-deterministic" description to realize fast simulation of the coherent and incoherent scattering of electrically large complex targets with rough boundary at THz bands. Combining with a ray-tube integration formula to generate inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images, a fast simulation method is presented to get large collection of ISAR patches of targets with rough boundary at arbitrary aspect angles by using the shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) method.


This paper briefed the heat - supplying retrofitting scheme of 100 MW condensing steam turbine in Beijing Gaojing cogenera tion Power Plant.Under the prerequisite to ensure the safety of steam turbine,and meanwhile to take into consideration the matching of flow part retrofitting of steam turbine afterwards with the existing heat - supply system and equipment,the heat - supplying retrofitting scheme with steam extracted through the drilled hole of inter - connecting pipe was implemented.The impact of heat - supplying retrofit on the high and tow pressure cylinders of steam turbine unit was analyzed,the safety - checking calculation of steam turbine unit was conducted,and the corresponding protections,such as the minimum flow control in the tow pressure cylinder and the DN1000 fast -closing butterfly valve control etc. were installed. After retrofitting,the economics of power plant was greatly improved, with about 11.784 million yuan economized one year for one turbine unit.


ABSTRACT Off-the-shelf orthoses used in rehabilitation medicine present challenges in the lack of individual comfort offered and in the support of the different motor conditions of the affected individuals. Although custom-made orthoses address these issues, their current fabrication method consists of a laborious and material wasteful process performed by skilled orthotists. Combining 3D scanning, 3D modelling and 3D printing, this paper proposes and assesses a method for the fabrication of custom-made products for rehabilitation medicine. In collaboration with CMRA, a Hospital dedicated to rehabilitation, the method is applied to the design of a customised knee positioning orthosis for a patient with cerebral palsy. This project is exploratory on the capabilities of the use of 3D printing in patient specific customisation of orthoses. Having developed, prototyped and tested four different concepts with the patient, from which one was successfully accepted, it is possible to demonstrate the potential of industrialisation of these technologies.


Medical education has taken a decided turn toward the "flipped classroom," in which in-class lectures are de-emphasized and engaged learning is promoted. The time has also come to make some changes in what is being taught in clinical medicine, specifically with respect to the patient-physician interaction. Because the daily management of chronic illness is primarily the responsibility of the patient, clinical encounters that prioritize patient engagement and activation are critical. The traditional medical encounter, characterized by data gathering to make a diagnosis followed by prescribing or recommending treatment to the patient, can work well for acute illnesses or injuries, but effective chronic disease management requires substantial patient ownership of their health. In a "flipped exam room," interactions with patients emphasize patient responsibility for health, such that priority is given to eliciting patient goals, what the patient knows, and how they desire to proceed with management of their health concerns and conditions. Just as medical students find engaged learning approaches to be more acceptable and satisfying, patients find collaborative interaction approaches on the part of their physicians to be more satisfying, and such approaches are associated with better outcomes. More attention to training students and residents in "flipped exam room" patient interaction skills is necessary.


This article presents an interpretation of sales process management in small and medium size businesses. Sales management is based on the M-C model built on planning, forecasting and thorough controlling. The process model is based on the theory of management, management accounting and human resources management. Controlling is seen as management of deviations arising out of sales targets and proposals for measures how to eliminate these deviations through risk management.


We show that, for an optical microcavity side coupled with a waveguide, sharp, and asymmetric line shapes can be created in the response function by placing two partially reflecting elements into the waveguides. In such a system, the transmission coefficient varies from 0% to 100% in a frequency range narrower than the full width of the resonance itself. We numerically demonstrate this effect by simulating the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a photonic crystal.


Abstract : Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Encoding (CAFFE) [11] is a software package for the training, classifying, and feature extraction of images. The UCF Sports Action dataset is a widely used machine learning dataset that has 200 videos taken in 720x480 resolution of 9 different sporting activities: diving, golf swinging, kicking, lifting, horseback riding, running, skateboarding, swinging (various gymnastics), and walking. In this report we report on a caffe feature extraction pipeline of images taken from the videos of the UCF Sports Action dataset. A similar test was performed on overfeat, and results were inferior to caffe. This study is intended to explore the architecture and hyper parameters needed for effective static analysis of action in videos and classification over a variety of image datasets.


A tone generating apparatus comprising a first tone signal generator including the same number of oscilla tors as a polyphonic number each for generating a tone signal of that tone component of tone components con stituting a musical tone which has a relatively long tone-ON time; a first assigner for assigning tone genera tion to one of the oscillators of the first tone signal generator; a second tone signal generator including oscillators each for generating a tone signal of a differ ent one of the tone components constituting a musical tone than the tone component having a relatively long tone-ON time, a quantity of the oscillators being less than the polyphonic number; and a second assigner for assigning tone generation to one of the oscillators of the second tone signal generator, whereby when a tone generation is specified, a tone signal output from one of the oscillators of the first tone signal generator assigned by the first assigner and a tone signal output from one of the oscillators of the second tone signal generator as signed by the second assigner are synthesized to pro duce a tone signal.


for this procedure has been in development for over 40 years (see, for example, Roy and Gnanadesikan, 1959). However, MANOVA has not been extensively utilized by educational researchers. There are probably several reasons for this lack of use, among them a lack of familiarity with the procedure, and the limited availability of computer programs. Several authors have alluded to the apparent, if not obvious, applicability of MANOVA in educational research (e.g., Pruzek, 1969). It is a technique by which the responses to two or more dependent variables can be analyzed simultaneously and thus it includes the correlations that may exist between the dependent variables. In a MANOVA, the dependent variables are combined


Many Historians of the social aging process have focused primarily on the experiences of aging white men. A prime example is provided in the seminal work of David Hackett Fischer, Growing Old in America (1978). In tracing the reversal in societal attitudes toward the aged, from gerontocratic to gerontophobic, Fischer argues that the authority of the elders in the eighteenth century was very great (1978: 220). Clearly, he was not referring to women for, as Fischer himself acknowledges, "no one would claim that colonial females exerted much political power." And obviously, he was not including black male and female slaves or poor white men. Nor does his general theme of exultation apply to aging colonial widows who were treated with a contempt which deepened all the more by their womanhood. Some were actually driven away by their neighbors, who feared an increase in the poor rates. The legal records of the colonies contain many instances of poor widows who were … forced to wander from one town to another (Fischer, 1978: 63).


Increasing demands for unmanned systems and the availability of high resolution satellite images havebeen promoting researchers to contribute innovations to increase the robustness and efficiency of the optimal path planning. An effectively classified satellite image and a robust path planning strategy are highly desirable in finding an optimal path. In this paper, satellite images from ISPRS are classified to identify the traversable areas using a Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder architecture-Seg Net and cost map is generated. Using the cost map, Modified Gain based Ant Colony optimization(MGACO) is introduced to find an energy efficient path. The path is finally smoothened using Bezier Spline approximation. MGACO has been compared with up-to-date algorithms and results outperform existing methods in terms of run time and length of the path.


Progressive cerebral deposition of β‐amyloid peptide either in blood vessels or around neurites is one of the most important features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The β‐peptide, known as Aβ or A4, is produced by proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Two APP processing pathways have been proposed as physiological alternatives; only one of which leads to the production of Aβ or amyloidogenic peptides. However, we have little information regarding these processing pathways in the brain, or on whether posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation affect APP processing in vivo. Furthermore, the physiological function(s) of this protein in nervous tissue remains unclear, although modulatory roles in cell adhesion and neuritic extension have been suggested. It has been reported that APP may be glycosylated as a proteoglycan. We purified this APP population from human brain, and our data indicate that PG‐APP supports neurite extension of hippocampal neurons. Neurons grown on this substratum showed an increased capacity to elongate neurites and increased neuritic "branching" compared to culture on laminin. These effects were enhanced with PG‐APP samples obtained from AD brains. Our results suggest that this APP population may act as a neurite outgrowth and branching promoter and may thus play a role in some pathological conditions. These findings may have significant implications in understanding normal brain development and pathological situations (such as AD). J. Neurosci. Res. 60:87–97, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is the most versatile surface chemical analysis method both in the measurement functions and the operational environments. Recent activities and future outlook for SPM standardization through the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is briefly reviewed. Fol- lowing the highly prioritized item of standardization, SPM terminology, the data transfer format shall be standardized in order to enable the access to and processing of SPM data collected by different types of in- struments. The present status of the development of open software for import of original data, conversion to standard format, comparison and processing are discussed.


Two alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) germplasm pools, AZ-97MEC (Reg. no. GP-331, PI 597643) and AZ-97MEC-ST (Reg. no. GP332, PI 597644), were released in 1997 by the University of Arizona Department of Plant Sciences and the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. AZ-97MEC is a broad-based, very nondormant (fall dormancy rating >9), composite population adapted to long-season, low-elevation desert environments. It is intended as a source of potentially novel variation for use in alfalfa breeding and research, especially where increased cool-season productivity is desired. AZ-97MEC was formed using 51 2-yr-old plants from Arabian and North African ecotypes grown in a yield trial in Tucson, AZ, between 1987 and 1989 (1). Ecotypes were selected for inclusion in this pool based on multivariate analysis of agronomic and morphological variables from a field evaluation trial of these ecotypes conducted in Tucson (6). Selection of ecotypes and calculation of the contribution of each ecotype to the pool was based on the average distance among ecotypes in cluster analyses (2) with the goal of maximizing genetic diversity within the pool. The ecotypes (for descriptions and sources, see Ref. 5 and 6) included in the study and their approximate contributions were: Ed-Darner (8%), Egypt II (6%), Egypt III (6%), Egypt IV (6%), Egypt V (10%), Gaidun (12%), Hasawi (8%), Hejazi (8%), Hudieba (8%), NENAF-1 (10%), NE-NAF-4 (10%), and Qassimi (8%). In summer 1990, the 51 selected plants were intermated in a beecage by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). An equal quantity of seeds (0.25 g) from each plant was bulked to represent the Syn-1 generation of the pool. Syn-2 seed, which represents the generation of AZ-97MEC released, was derived from intermating 120 Syn-1 plants in the greenhouse in 1996. AZ-97MEC-ST was derived from two cycles of selection in the greenhouse within AZ-97MEC for increased shoot weight under saline and nonsaline irrigation. AZ-97MEC-ST was developed to provide a broad-based source of very nondormant alfalfa germplasm with the potential for increased forage production under moderate salt stress. Selection in Cycle 1 was based on shoot fresh weight of 448 plants of AZ-97MEC grown using the methods described by Johnson et al. (4). Briefly, plants were irrigated with 80 mMNaCl and individual shoot weights measured for two regrowth harvests. These plants were then grown with nonsaline irrigation and harvested for an additional two regrowth harvests. Simpleweighted index selection was preformed to select plants that produced high shoot weights with both saline and nonsaline in igation. A total of 56 plants (12.5%) were selected and interpollinated by hand to form Cycle 1 Syn-1 seed. In the second cycle of selection, 525 Syn-1 plants were grown and evaluated as before and 75 plants(14.3%) were selected and interpollinated by honey bees. An equal number of seeds from each plant was bulked to form the Cycle-2 Syn-1 generation. A total of 120 Cycle-2 Syn-1 plants were intermated by hand in the greenhouse in 1996 to produce AZ97MEC-ST (Cycle 2-Syn-2). In a greenhouse trial conducted using the same growth conditions used in selection, AZ-97MEC-ST produced mean shoot weights significantly (P < 0.05) greater than AZ-97MEC with both saline (+53%) and nonsaline (+21%) irrigation. In the same trial, mean shoot weights of AZ-97MEC-ST were also significantly greater than' CUF-101', and AZ-90-NDC-ST, a nondormant germplasm selected for increased shoot weight under moderate NaCl stress and derived primarily from elite North American cultivars (3). Mean shoot weight of AZ-97MEC did not differ from that of CUF-101 under saline conditions, but was significantly greater than CUF-101 (+39%) with nonsaline irrigation. Seed of AZ-97MEC and AZ-97MEC-ST will be provided (3 g) upon written request to the corresponding author and agreement to make appropriate recognition of its source when either of the germplasm pools contributes to the development of a new germplasm, cultivar, hybrid, or strain cross. Request seed from the corresponding author. Requests from outside the USA should be accompanied by the appropriate customs control documents.


A survey of selected experiments is given to illustrate the recent advances that have been made in the study of the electronic structure and dynamics of free atoms.


To effectively prevent river water pollution, water quality monitoring is necessary. However, existing methods for water quality assessment are limited in terms of the characterization of water quality conditions, and few researchers have been able to focus on feature extraction methods relative to water pollution identification, or to obtain accurate water pollution source information. Thus, this study proposed a feature extraction method based on the entropy-minimal description length principle and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm for identifying the type of surface water pollution in consideration of the distribution characteristics and intrinsic association of conventional water quality indicators. To improve the robustness to noise, we constructed the coarse-grained discretization features of each water quality index based on information entropy. The nonlinear correlation between water quality indexes and pollution classes was excavated by the GBDT algorithm, which was utilized to acquire tree transformed features. Water samples collected by a southern city Environmental Monitoring Center were used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that features extracted by the proposed method are more effective than the water quality indicators without feature engineering and features extracted by the principal component analysis algorithm.


Objective To explore the complications of thorax anastomosis and neck anastomosis after resecting the upper middle esophageal carcinoma.Methods Horacotomy and laparotomy were used to dissociate esophagus and stomach,then esophageal tumors was resected.Cases were assigned into two groups according to the anastomotic site.334 cases for group A,the anastomotic stomas were located inside the thorax and end-to-end anastomosis was applied;253 cases for group B,the anastomotic stomas were located in the neck and end-to-side anastomosis was applied.Results There were 87 cases of anastomotic fistula,thorax and lung infection in group A,while 48 in group B cases.There were 6 and 1 case who died of anastomotic fistula in group A and group B respectivily.There was significant difference in main complications between group A and B(P 0.01),as well as anastomotic fistula(P 0.05).Conclusions Thorax anastomotic fistula,thorax and lung infection,the three main complications of oesophagectomy and thorax anastomotic fistula are the major causes of death.It is necessary to adopt the neck anastomosis as much as possible.


Our previous work has shown that patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have impaired insulin-stimulated vasodilation, which may be involved in the development of hypertension and contribute to insulin resistance by affecting the glucose uptake. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an amino acid gut hormone that stimulates both insulin secretion and sensitivity, is also provided of cardioprotective and vasoactive properties. We therefore examined the effects of exogenous GLP-1 on insulin-stimulated, nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation in patients with obesity-related MetS by use of the forearm perfusion technique. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra-arterial infusion of graded doses of acetylcholine (ACh; stimulus for endothelial release of NO) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; exogenous NO donor) were assessed in 10 patients with MetS during coinfusion of either saline or regular insulin (0.2 mU/Kg/min). Thereafter, patients underwent to intra-arterial infusion of GLP-1 (30 ng/min for 45 minutes) and responses to ACh and SNP were then reassessed. In the absence of hyperinsulinemia, GLP-1 did not impact unstimulated FBF (from 3.5±0.2 [mean±SEM] to 3.6±0.3 ml/min/dl; P=0.59); similarly, exogenous GLP-1 did not affect vascular responses to both ACh (from 8.8±1.1 to 8.7±1.2 ml/min/dl at the highest dose; P=0.97) and SNP (from 10.7±0.6 to 9.6±0.7 ml/min/dl; P=0.68). In the presence of hyperinsulinemia, GLP-1 infusion was associated with mild increase in basal FBF (from 4.7±0.4 to 5.7±0.6 ml/min/dl; P=0.25); under those conditions, however, exogenous GLP-1 resulted in a significant improvement in vascular reactivity to both ACh (from 13.7±0.7 to 17.4±1.5 ml/min/dl; P=0.03) and SNP (from 12.7±1.0 to 15.9±1.2; P=0.02). In conclusion, exogenous GLP-1 improves both endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responsiveness during hyperinsulinemia in patients with MetS. This suggests that GLP-1 may exert a facilitatory effect on insulin signaling to enhance NO-dependent reactivity in vascular smooth muscle. As a consequence, strategies targeting the GLP-1 system for treatment of type 2 diabetes might beneficially affect both metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance.


Copper Gallium diselenide (CuGaSe2 or CGS) thin film were deposited using a three-stage thermal co-evaporation process on molybdenum coated soda lime glass. Recrystallization was carried after the second stage by flashing AgBr for 2 mins. The change in morphology, structure and depth profile were studied after the treatment. SEM and XRD showed an increase in grain size and enhanced crystallinity. A decrease in sodium profile after the treatment was observed through SIMS measurements. Overall, AgBr treatment of CGS seems to be promising for the improvement of film quality, which could help with enhanced device fabrication in the future.


We describe a wavelet-based automated algorithm for detecting disease outbreaks in temporal syndromic data. We describe the method, which improves upon the Goldenberg et al. (2002) algorithm and its implementation on a diverse set of real syndromic data from multiple data sources and multiple geographical locations. Our results show a robust performance which is comparable to a few recently suggested methods.


In late 2019, cinephiles reacted to the news that James Dean would be starring in a new film, an adaptation of Gareth Crocker's 2013 novel, Finding Jack, the story of hundreds of canine units left behind at the end of the Vietnam War. But of course, James Dean died in a car accident on 30 September 1955, almost a decade before US troops entered Vietnam. How then is he cast in a new film? The fascination for me is less about whether this film should or even can be made, and more to do with the insight this whole episode provides into wider social and legal perspectives on the performer and the art of performance. Today, some 64 years later, the reanimation of James Dean has been promised by directors Anton Ernst and Tati Golykh in their announcement of Finding Jack, to be released through their production company, Magic City Films. Notably, their director credits are scant (although Ernst was a producer of Little One, the South African official submission to the Best Foreign Language Film category of the 85th Academic Awards, 2013). In fact, Finding Jack, will be the feature directorial debut for both Ernst and Golykh. However, even their short films have not yet been released, so as far as audiences are concerned, neither has as yet released a film as director. The first scheduled release, a short film co-directed by Ernst and Golykh entitled Three Stops, is currently in post-production. The international press surrounding the announcement of James Dean's casting is out of all proportion to the modest profile of the film's team. However, the production team adds some experience with the inclusion of Donald A Barton, but even his work has been somewhat stalled for the last four years. Curiously, one of his production efforts, a reanimation horror entitled Re-Generator, suffered such production delays


A series of composite hydrogels containing silver nanoparticle used for bioadhesives were prepared from acrylic acid, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, and silver nanoparticles through ex situ polymerization. Silver nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were prepared by the reduction of a silver nitrate solution with ascorbic acid. The influence of the content of the silver nanoparticles in the hydrogels on the equilibrium swelling ratio, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was investigated in this study. The results showed that the swelling ratios of the composite gels were reduced by silver nanoparticles in the gels but were not reduced with an increase in the content of silver nanoparticles. In addition, the crosslinking density and shear modulus of these hydrogels did not increase with an increase in the content of silver nanoparticles. The adhesive force of these hydrogels (the APECAg series) was not obviously changed. Finally, the initial rate of E. coli inactivation for the APECAg series hydrogels showed excellent antibacterial properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3653–3661, 2006


Crisis communication plans and strategies are very crucial as they provide the means to gather and release information as quickly, accurately and specifically as possible during a crisis. Excellent crisis communication often results when the top communicator in an organisation is a strategic manager who reports directly to the chief executive officer and who uses research to plan communication activities.


Purpose

– Hygiene award schemes are intended to promote excellent food safety standards. They should encourage food premises to raise standards and provide consumers with more information. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is considering a national hygiene award scheme as part of its strategy to improve food safety management in food businesses throughout the UK. This paper seeks to review four hygiene award schemes that are currently operating in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

– The schemes were assessed using the preferred components for a national scheme established by the FSA. An attempt was made to gauge consumer and industry interest in the schemes and to identify whether food safety standards had been improved.

Findings

– In all of the schemes the food safety standards were assessed by enforcement officers during routine inspections to grade the awards. The award schemes appeared to be popular with most award winners, with some of the local authorities and with those members of the public who are aware of them. However, the schemes do little to inform the public of actual standards in food premises. This lack of transparency mainly relates to a lack of information on the scoring mechanism for businesses and the public, limited publicity for the scheme in the media and the evident need to educate the public.

Originality/value

– Information on the benefits and limitations of the different schemes that are highlighted may make some contribution to the debate on a national scheme.


Root box experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of N and NK levels in the root zone on shoot photosynthesis and root growth of hybrid and cultivar of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on two paddy soils (clayey and silty). The results showed that dry matter yields in the hybrid and the cultivar were considerably increased by NK supply, but the effect was greater for the hybrid. Supply of NK in the root zone significantly increased photosynthetic rate of the lower position leaf and the active green leaf area per plant, in which the effects were much more obvious in the hybrid rice than in the cultivar. High NK supply in the root zone stimulated the root growth, and decreased PH and increased the oxidation zone in the rhizosphere in both entries, but to a greater extent in the hybrid. The results indicated that higher NK levels were needed to maintain higher root activity and shoot photosynthetic capacity in rice, particularly in hybrid rice.


Herein, hydrophilic ZnO Nanoparticles@calcium alginate composite has been prepared by embedding hydrophilic ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) into calcium alginate. The hydrophilic ZnO NPs within the composites can act as killer of bacteria, while calcium alginate can remove the organic impurities due to its adsorption capacity, thus realizing the purification of water via sterilization and removal of organics. A water purifier based on the composite has been demonstrated, and the aerobic bacterial counts of the contaminated water can be decreased from 2240 cfu ml-1 to 9 cfu ml-1, and the turbidity of the water is decreased to 0.51 NTU, which is below the maximum permissible of Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality designed by World Health Organization. Sterilization mechanism studies show that the ZnO NPs can cause excessive oxidative stress in cells, inducing bacteria to produce large amounts of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to the apoptosis of the bacteria.


Meticulous haemostasis not only improves the operative field facilitating spinal surgery, but also diminishes chances of post-operative neurological complications from a compressive haematoma. Since being introduced in the 1940's, implantable haemostats have proven a useful adjunct in achieving haemostasis with relatively few complications. However, their use in spaces bounded by bony architecture can lead to compressive effects on neurological structures. We present three cases of post-operative cauda equina syndrome – two cases following surgery for lumbar disc herniation and one case following surgery for lumbar canal stenosis. In each case, implantable haemostats were utilised to control haemorrhage for complications during the surgery. All three patients underwent urgent exploration, which revealed cauda equina compression from clot organised around the haemostat. Neurological recovery was variable. We recommend careful attention to intra-operative haemostasis. Although haemostats can assist in achieving haemostasis, we caution against leaving them in situ.


Vertebral Venography is a diagnostic techique in which the vertebral system of veins is demonstrated by means of an injected constrast medium.Eighteen patients, all of whom were studied with venography, myelography and surgical exploration have been evaluated.In our experience vertebral venography demonstrates laterally placed disc lesions best and may fail to demonstrate a centrally placed disc protrusion.


According to the rolling slippage of a rolling mill drive train with blackash at the palm end of roller, the present authors have established a non-linear mechanical model and its corresponding mathematical model, and used the Runge-Kutta method to solve the response of the system. Based on the analysis of the model, found that the slippage of rolling mill might cause the system's chaotic behaviors. The research provided a theoretical foundation to control and analyze roll slippage.


Existing xml query pattern-based caching strategies focus on extracting the set of frequently issued query pattern trees (qpt) based on the support of the qpts in the history. These approaches ignore the evolutionary features of the qpts. In this paper, we propose a novel type of query pattern called conserved query paths (cqp) for efficient caching by integrating the support and evolutionary features together. cqps are paths in qpts that never change or do not change significantly most of the time (if not always) in terms of their support values during a specific time period. We proposed a set of algorithms to extract frequent cqps (fcqps) and infrequent cqps (icqps) and rank these query paths using evolution-conscious ranking functions. Then, these ranked query paths are used in evolution-conscious caching strategy for efficient xml query processing. Finally, we report our experimental results to show that our strategy is superior to previous query pattern-based caching approaches.


In this paper, that takes advantage of Roland Barthes' symbolism to interpret the symbolic significance of "government budget subject amount" by three different reading patterns, the results because of their different interpretation, the budget is not necessary data simply to reach the objectives of Government's policy. Of all, when we pick which mind in reality to interpret the "government budget subject amount", the concern is the administration plans target and its formation process, "Implicitly means" which is budgeted for completing Government policy objectives; to interpret by demythification, the concern is the intent that behind the cover of "government budget subject amount", the amount symbol is a myth that was to be opened; game-imagine to interpret, the concern is the different angle of interpretations by metaphor or metonymy in the different social position actors, because of cognition is too large difference, which means that the symbolic significance is different between people, budget subject amount is not been widely accepted. Being well aware that all above-mentioned comprehension of "government budget subject amount", which is only the author's "self-comprehensions" that may be one of so many arguments, but hopefully may provide the different researching areas and thinking directions on the government budget through the results of this study.


Taking the second stage of breakwater project at Zhangjiabu port as background, a 2-D numerical model based on irregular triangular mesh is used to simulate the tidal current field, the transport of suspended sediment, the change of scouring and silting, as well as the siltation of channel in the project area and nearby. The research results show that: (1) the project area has the feature of semi-diurnal current and the tidal current shows a reciprocating characteristic, and it flows to northwest during flood tide and northeast during ebb tide, and the construction of the breakwater has no significant impact on the surrounding current field, (2) after completion of the breakwater, the velocity on the north side of breakwater decreases, and the sediment silts up, but on the south side of breakwater, it appears a scouring pit because of the role of spoiler, (3) the annual mean siltation thickness is about 0.06m/a in the harbor basin and 0.25m/a in the channel, and the max thickness is 0.53 m/a, the volume of sediment siltation in the whole area is 112000 m3/a.


Integrated nutrient management plays a significant role in improving resource use efficiency, so it is important for the sustainable production of crops. The sole application of chemical fertilizers is associated with certain constraints, such as diminishing soil productivity, creating multiple nutrient deficiencies, and disorders. On the other hand, integrated application of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and biofertilizer significantly enhance food grain production, maintain soil fertility, and increase farmer's income by influencing the nutrient status in soil. This article reviews the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield parameters, nutrient content and uptake by rapeseed and mustard plants, availability of nutrients in the soil, and economics of rapeseed and mustard.


Fifty-six piglets (6.26 ± 0.64 kg BW) were weaned at 21 days and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments with seven replicate pens for a 14-day experimental period. The eight experimental diets were prepared via a 2×4 factorial arrangement with citric acid (CA; 0 and 0.3%) and dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na + K - Cl mEq/kg of the diet; -50, 100, 250, and 400 mEq/kg). Varying dEB values were obtained by altering the contents of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. An interaction (P <0.05) between dEB and CA in diarrhoea score, the number of goblet cell in jejunum were observed. Ileum pH significantly decreased in weaned piglets fed 250 mEq/kg dEB diet compared with those fed -50 mEq/kg and 400 mEq/kg dEB diets (P <0.05). Supplementation of 0.3% CA decreased the number of goblet cell in ileal crypt (P <0.05) and the relative mRNA expression of CFTR, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, ZO-1, Claudin-1 (P <0.05). Increasing dEB values increased the number of goblet cells in the jejunal crypt (P <0.05). A 250 mEq/kg dEB diet decreased the relative mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10 (P <0.05) than 100 mEq/kg dEB diet. The interaction between dEB and CA on the relative abundances of Cyanobacteria and Saccharibacteria was observed (P <0.05). Supplementation of 0.3% CA increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus-rennini and Streptococcus-hyointestinalis. Piglets fed 250 mEq/kg diet increased relative abundances of Firmicutes, Lactobacillus-rennini, decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Veillonella, Actinobacillus-minor and Escherichia-Shigella. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.3% CA resulted in differential expression of inflammatory cytokines, ion transporters and tight junction proteins, and changes in the microbial community composition. A 250 mEq/kg dEB diet reduced gastrointestinal pH and promoted the enrichment of beneficial microbes in the gut microbiota, thereby, suppressing inflammation and harmful bacteria. However, the addition of CA to diets with different dEB values did not promote intestinal function in weaned piglets.


Public and private law is civil law division of the basic legal categories.The more the scholars of the civil law have studied on common law,the more they have found that the division of public-private law is not an essential requirement of advanced law.Therefore they wonder if it′s necessary to uphold the division of public and private law.However,there is a distinction between the two,so the division is needed.As far as traditional Chinese law and the current development of the socialist market economy conditions are concerned,private law is not as important as public law economy conditions.That′s why the division of public and private law is of great significance to China.


In the process of building operation, the generation of energy consumption is closely related to personnel behavior. Most building energy consumption prediction methods focus on the changes in energy consumption values over time, or factors such as building structure and environment, while ignoring the factor of personnel. The Prophet model has good identification ability for periodic sequences. Based on this, this article proposes improvements to the poorly fitted random fluctuation terms in the model, introduces human behavior data, and corrects the random fluctuation terms by constructing a deep confidence network. The prediction results show that compared to the original model, the improved model has good recognition ability for fluctuations in real energy consumption.


High-power diode lasers are widely used in solid-state and fiber laser pumping. The spectral power distribution (SPD) of diode lasers should be perfectly matched with the absorption peak of gain materials. Spectral broadening would lead to a low optical-optical efficiency for the pump lasers. In this paper, a mathematical model based on multiple Gaussian functions was introduced to characterize the SPD of high-power diode lasers. The effect of temperature and the distribution on laser spectrum was specially included in this model. Temperature distribution in high-power diode lasers was calculated via an analytical three-dimensional thermal model. The temperature difference within the active region for diode lasers with different package structures and under different heat dissipation conditions was demonstrated. The intrinsic SPD for diode lasers with uniform junction temperature distribution was obtained from the experimental measurements in which a cold pulse current was injected into the diode lasers. SPDs for diode lasers under different injected currents were illustrated by this spectrum model, and compared to the experimental results for model validation. SPDs for the diode lasers with different chip architectures and packaging structures was calculated by coupling the analytical temperature fields into the spectrum model. Laser spectrum was verified to be independent of current density, but mainly depend on the junction temperature distribution in the experiments by comparing the spectra of the epi-up and epi-down packaged F-Mount single-emitters at same injected current.


Male contraception remains an important area of research. Methods can inhibit sperm production or can be targeted to inhibit sperm functions such as motility, orientation or interaction with the egg. Hormonal methods appear to be safe and effective in proof of concept studies but efforts are underway to improve delivery options or lead time until full efficacy is achieved. Nonhormonal methods are based on numerous targets that impact sperm production or function. Several agents that inhibit the sperm-specific or testis-specific targets have been identified and studies in animals have shown promising results. Published by Elsevier Inc.


Secondary markets for credit are widely believed to improve efficiency and increase access to credit. In part, this is because of their greater ability to manage risk. However, the degree to which secondary markets expand access to credit is virtually unknown. Using the mortgage market as an example, we begin to fill that gap. Our conceptual model suggests that secondary credit markets have potentially ambiguous effects on interest rates, but unambiguous positive effects on the number of loans issued. We focus our empirical analysis on the latter using 1992-2004 HMDA files for conventional, conforming, home purchase loans in conjunction with Census tract data.


In this article I analyse the evolution of Ramsey Nasr (Rotterdam 1974) from neo-romantic to committed "political" poet. I particularly focus on the way he positioned himself, poetically and mediatically, during the years 2009-2013 – a period of economic crisis and social and political unrest – in his capacity of Poet Laureate of The Netherlands, a highly symbolic function. Supposed to represent the "nation", in public lectures/performances he fully engaged in the polarised debate around the boundaries of historical and contemporary Dutchness. Being self half-allochtonous (Dutch-Palestinian) with a transcultural background, in his poetry he performed a multiple, plural, instable personal and collective identity, questioning any essentialistic and seemingly stable definition of the Dutch cultural identity, as of any other identity construction: the Christian, the Calvinist, the European etc. Nasr did not hesitate to provoke the political establishment, by topicalizing and investigating traumas in Dutch history and in contemporary society (Holocaust, multiculturalism and integration of Muslim migrants, Israeli-Palestinian conflict etc). Instead of erasing these traumas from collective memory, or turning them into museum-pieces, he stated the necessity for everyone to meditate on them in new, daring, hybridized forms.


Background: Mmt1 and Mmt2 are homologous mitochondrial proteins that belong to the family of cation diffusion facilitators. Results: Overexpression of MMT1&2 has effects on transition metal homeostasis, cellular oxidants and response to H2O2. Conclusion: Changes in Mmt1/Mmt2 levels can affect the level of cytosolic iron. Significance: Mmt1/Mmt2 are mitochondrial iron exporters. Mmt1 and Mmt2 are highly homologous yeast members of the cation diffusion facilitator transporter family localized to mitochondria. Overexpression of MMT1/2 led to changes in cellular metal homeostasis (increased iron sensitivity, decreased cobalt sensitivity, increased sensitivity to copper), oxidant generation, and increased sensitivity to H2O2. The phenotypes due to overexpression of MMT1&2 were similar to that seen in cells with deletions in MRS3 and MRS4, genes that encode the mitochondrial iron importers. Overexpression of MMT1&2 resulted in induction of the low iron transcriptional response, similar to that seen in Δmrs3Δmr4 cells. This low iron transcriptional response was suppressed by deletion of CCC1, the gene that encodes the vacuolar iron importer. Measurement of the activity of the iron-dependent gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans expressed in yeast cytosol, showed that changes in Mmt1/2 levels affected cytosol iron concentration even in the absence of Ccc1. Overexpression of MMT1 resulted in increased cytosolic iron whereas deletion of MMT1/MMT2 led to decreased cytosolic iron. These results support the hypothesis that Mmt1/2 function as mitochondrial iron exporters.


The authors describe a calibration procedure for ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems in order to measure the frequency-dependent transfer function or radar cross-section, respectively, of objects with a high computational efficiency. The benefit of using UWB pulses is that only one measurement is required for covering several GHz. However, the signal processing steps contain a deconvolution operation producing spike artefacts. They were successfully removed by the calculation of frequency-dependent signal-to-noise ratio and a following Wiener filtering. The proposed method was verified by some elementary targets of which the size of the objects were determined.


Abstract : PWT Tunnel 16T compressor, C1, was operated in a two-stage configuration for the purpose of validating computer predicted results obtained with the COCODEC compressor code. The third rotor row of the three-stage machine was removed and an aluminum shroud was installed to provide a smooth flow passage over the voids created by the blade removal. The compressor was reconfigured to three stages and a verification run was made to ensure that no changes in the compressor performance had occurred during the two-stage modification and the reinstallation of the third rotor row.


The introduction of light sources into the visual field results, as is well known, in an increase in the brightness difference threshold for foveal vision. Several extensive investigations of this effect have been carried out in the last few years, and the values of the threshold under different conditions of glare have been related to the physical variables, such as the angular seperation between glare source and test object. Holladay, to whom one of these experimental investigations is due, puts forward the theory, following a suggestion of Raman, that the threshold is raised owing to an increased illumination of the fovea centralis by light scattered in the media of the eye, by the pencil of light from the glare source, in its passage from cornea to retina. Holladay applies Rayleigh's scattering formula to compute the illumination scattered onto the fovea in this way, and argues therefrom as to the way in which the threshold will vary with change of glare angle. Holladay's discussion is subject to criticism on the following grounds: (1) it fails to make clear the part played by the pupil aperture; (2) it treats white light as monochromatic in applying Rayleigh's formula; (3) it neglects to make a collateral deduction of the magnitude of the scattering coefficient which the eye media must posses in order to produce enough scattered light to explain the observed increases in the threshold. The object of the present paper is to give a brief sketch of the scattering theory, with the above defects removed, and to compare the results of recent experimental measurements, with the predictions of the theory.


African Americans (AA) have a higher risk for a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases including hypertension, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with Caucasian Americans (CA). While this elevated risk is multifactorial impaired vascular endothelial function is a contributing factor. In this study, we hypothesized that cutaneous hyperemic response to a standard local heating protocol is reduced in young AA when compared with CA. We further hypothesized that tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic) would increase this cutaneous vasodilatory response to local heating in AA. Microdialysis fibers were randomly assigned to receive 1) lactated Ringer's solution (Control), 2) 10 mM ascorbic acid, or 3) 10 μM 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (Tempol) at a rate of 2.0 μl/min. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as red blood cell flux divided by mean arterial pressure. All CVC data were presented as a percentage of maximal CVC (%CVCmax) that was determined by maximal cutaneous vasodilation induced by 44 °C plus sodium nitroprusside administration. Twenty‐four (12 AA, 12 CA) young (23 ± 4 years of age) and healthy (body mass index (24.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2) subjects participated in the study. At the Control site, there were no differences between groups for baseline %CVCmax during resting without heat (P = 0.275). During 33 °C, there were still no differences in %CVCmax between groups (P = 0.107); however, %CVCmax at 39 °C was lower in AA when compared with CA (P < 0.001). At the ascorbic acid site, there were no differences between groups for both baseline %CVCmax during resting without heat (P = 0.549) and %CVCmax during 33 °C (P = 0.120); however, %CVCmax at 39 °C was attenuated in AA relative to CA (P < 0.001). At tempol site, there were no differences between groups for all phases including baseline CVC during resting without heat (P = 0.791), %CVCmax during 33 °C (P = 0.550), and %CVCmax at 39 °C (P = 0.948). These data suggest that 1) cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating is blunted in AA relative to CA. 2) in AA, elevated O2− generation attenuates cutaneous vasodilation when heat is directly applied to the skin.


Armed non-state groups pose a severe challenge for peace- and state-building processes. Depending on the situation, they may act as both spoilers and governance actors. This paper aims at presenting a framework for analysing armed groups as well as forms of engagement for international actors. It first describes various armed groups, which need to be distinguished in order to highlight specific profiles, as ideal types. Secondly, a number of strategies for dealing with these groups will be introduced and discussed by referring to realist, institutionalist and constructivist approaches. Thirdly, the conclusion will point to key problems and limits of these approaches when addressing the spectrum of armed groups. The argument here is that these approaches - despite their differences - by and large are directed to similar profiles of armed groups while other forms of non-state violence are systematically neglected.
Nicht-staatliche Gewaltakteure sind eine besondere Herausforderung fur Peace- und Statebuilding-Prozesse. Je nach Situation agieren bewaffnete Gruppen als "Storenfriede" oder als Governance-Akteure. Dieses Papier verfolgt die Absicht, einen konzeptionellen Rahmen fur die Analyse von nicht-staatlichen Gewaltakteuren sowie der Gegenstrategien durch internationale Akteure bereitzustellen. Zunachst werden verschiedene Profile von bewaffneten Gruppen in Form von Idealtypen unterschieden. Zweitens werden eine Reihe von Strategien im Umgang mit solchen Akteuren eingefuhrt und diskutiert, wobei zwischen realistischen, institutionalistischen und konstruktivistischen Ansatzen unterschieden wird. Drittens verweist das Papier auf zentrale Probleme und Grenzen dieser Ansatze. Insbesondere wird deutlich, dass sich diese Strategien – ungeachtet ihrer inhaltlichen Differenzen – auf ahnliche Profile bewaffneter Gruppen konzentrieren, wahrend andere Formen von nichtstaatlicher Gewalt systematisch vernachlassigt werden.


Degradation of inorganic–organic perovskite films in ambient condition is a critical issue for the application of perovskite solar cells. Herein, it is the first time to report the catalytic role of H2O in the degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite by air of high humidity. It was found that H2O can catalyze the decomposition of CH3NH3PbI3 into CH3NH3I and PbI2, and then the crystal‐to‐amorphous phase transformation of the produced CH3NH3I. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The following results are proved:1. Let X be a screenable p-space and Y a metric space. Then X × Y is screenable.2. Let X be a strongly submetacompact p-space and Y a metacompact Σ-space. ThenN × Y is strongly submetacompact.3. Suppose that X = ∏ Xn is countably paracompact and for each n ω, ∏ Xi issubmota-Lindelsf Then X is submeta-Lindelof


Despite recent advances in risk management techniques, pension funds are still struggling with the concept of risk and with the practical challenges of managing and measuring it in useful ways. This article addresses this problem by showing that pension fund managers must manage two types of risk that affect a pension fund balance sheet's funded ratio. The most important of the two is asset policy risk, which arises from the choice of an asset mix policy that does not match the accrued pension liabilities. The other risk results from the decision to implement the chosen asset mix using active rather than passive management strategies. 1998 Morgan Stanley.


The sources of dynamic measurement error of CMM are complex and influence each other and the traditional parameter modeling method is very difficult to model. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model which combines neural network quantile regression and kernel density estimation. The hybrid model realizes the advantages of multi-angle analysis, nonlinear fitting data and non-parametric error prediction. We use this model to analyze the complex relationship between dynamic measurement error value and 3d coordinates, positioning velocity, proximity distance and contact velocity. The results show that our model has good predictive performance and is superior to the least squares estimation model.