The purpose of this study is to propose the concept of the national intellectual capital and analyze the national intellectual capital index for seven metropolitan cities. The study focuses on the estimation of four types of national intellectual capital indexes, i.e., (ⅰ) national human capital, (ⅱ) national market capital, (ⅲ) national process capital, and (ⅳ) national renewal and development capital. Major findings from the analysis can be summarized as follows. The highest national intellectual capital index is 2.835 which is Seoul. The next city is Daegu which is 2.688. The lowest index is Daegu city which has only 1.865. The indexes of other cities are only 65% ~ 80% of Seoul or Daejeon city. In addition, the results show that there are not only regional differences, but also centralizing upon Seoul and Daejeon cities in estimating indexes.


Since the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in 1991, the issue of freight transportation has emerged as a significant public policy issue at the national, state, regional, and local levels. Federal transportation legislation, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and the states, has been the primary influencing factor in the planning and development of much of the nation's primary ground transportation infrastructure. This infrastructure includes thousands of miles of designated interstate highways used for international, interstate, and regional commerce as well as other public highways, and connecting roads to major airports, seaports, transit centers, and intermodal rail facilities. Currently, in the U.S., there are approximately 43,700 miles of interstate highways, with about 1,244 miles located in Georgia and about 355 miles within the thirteen-county Atlanta metropolitan region. This study focused on the characteristics of truck travel on the interstate and arterial highway system in the thirteen-county air quality non-attainment area of Atlanta and recommend strategies for managing it to achieve regional mobility and air quality goals.


Based on the positive correlation between public nature of education providing and public nature of education outcome,from the perspective of connotations of public nature of education,the external outcomes of rural secondary vocational education can benefit for all citizens.and the following measures should be taken:provide more financial support to rural secondary vocational education,carry out free system for rural secondary vocational education and finally make it become a pure public service.


Abstract: As the temperature of the panel increases in AC-PDPs, the minimum driving voltage increases. Also, as the more the number of discharge increases in cells, the probability of the strong dark discharge in the reset period increases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the lag time of the discharge and the mechanism of mis-discharges which are the black noise and bright noise. We conclude that the variation of time lag characterizes the properties of exo-electron emission from MgO. Thus, we found that the main factor of the mis-discharges is the rate of change of the electron emission ability from the MgO surface. Keywords: PDP, Plasma, Misdischarge, Lag time, Discharge 1. 서 론 일최근 교류형 PDP (alternating current - plasma display panel)는 미국, 유럽 등의 소비전력 규제 기준 때문에 PDP는 소비전력 감소라는 매우 어려운 문제에 처해져 있다 [1,2]. 그래서 고속 어드레싱, 고효율, 고화질 기술이 절실하게 필요한 실정이다. 하지만 PDP의 고속 어드레싱, 고효율, 고화질 기술들을 실현하기 위해 방전지연 시간을 감소시키는 방법을 적용하였다. 하지만, 이로 인하여 PDP의 온도 의존성이 증가


Hospitality is missional in every aspect as it invites others to experience the redemptive experience and hospitality of God. And as Christians we believe that we are created and called to live in community both with God and others. This calls for hospitality to become one of our priorities to reach out to our neighborhoods. Hospitality to strangers gives us a chance to see our own lives afresh, through different eyes.[1] One of the basic factors of unfulfilled hospitality is difference. We do feel more comfortable with the ones who have the same likeness, interest etc. Another factor is individualism that outshadowed communitarian living. This has promoted privatization, being satisfied what I owned I do not need my neighbor attitude gave birth to selfish, competitive and unjust lifestyle.

This paper is to explore the ecumenical and Indigenous aspects of hospitality and further employ this as a paradigm in integral mission. Prior to that it will outline the biblical foundation on hospitality and further move on to speculate on hospitality in ecumenical explorations pinpointing its missional dimension and call to hospitality. Another aspect will be from the Indigenous people's understanding on hospitality wherein three aspects will be highlighted: Blessing of hosting, sharing as an aspect of hospitality and reciprocation as an act of hospitality. Later the paper will attempt to infuse this on Christian understanding of hospitality, on how it can be established as a paradigm for Christian mission.
Keywords: Hospitality, Biblical Understanding, Indigenous, Sobaliba, Ecumenical.


Purpose To investigate the effect of laparoscopic surgery for benign ovarian tumor on the balance of Th1 and Th2 cell,costimulatory molecules.Methods Sixty patients with benign ovarian tumor from Sept.2007 to Sept.2008 were studied.Of them 30 cases underwent laparoscopic operation and 30 cases open laparotomy.The serum level of IL-4,IFN-γand the expression of CD28,CTLA-4 in perioperation stage in the 2 groups were compared.ResultsThe serum level of IL-4 and expression of CTLA-4 in open laparotomy group increased significantly postoperation,with a peak in 24h(35.41±3.66pg/ml)and 48h postoperation(4.02%±0.85%)respectively; while IFN-γand CD28 both decreased postoperation,with a lowest level at 6h postoperation(1.36± 0.27ph/ml and 40.24%±3.78%respectively).These parameters had no significant change in laparoscopic group postoperation,but those with significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05).Conclusions Laparoscopy has less effect to the balance of Th1 and Th2 cell,Costimulatory molecules,and has fewer influence on immunity.


Paddy-upland rotation system is one of the important cropping system for improving soil quality and crop productivity. we conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation system on soil properties and crop productivity in reclaimed tidal land. The paddy-upland rotation could be effective to conserve soil water contents and prevent from salt damage when cultivating upland crops. The first two years of maize cultivation after rice cultivation could be effective to secure stable production. However, in case of soybean crop, the rotation effect might be lower than that of maize. In the first year, the yield of soybean was 214 kg/10a. In the second and third year, the yields of soybean decreased consecutively to 152, 123 kg/10a respectively. In this paper, it would be suggested that maize be cultivated for up to two years and soybean be cultivated for one year after rice crop grown in reclaimed tidal land. This study could be provide basic data of the physico-chemical properties applicable to paddy-upland rotation system at reclaimed tidal lands.


Objective:To demonstrate that a new immediate-release omeprazole oral suspension is effective in preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Design:A noninferiority analysis was used to compare rates of clinically significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a prospective, phase 3, double-blind trial with parallel omeprazole suspension and cimetidine treatment groups. Setting:A total of 47 intensive care units in the United States. Patients:A total of 359 critically ill patients who required mechanical ventilation for ≥48 hrs, had an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score of ≥11 at baseline, had an intact stomach with a nasogastric or orogastric tube in place, and had at least one additional risk factor for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Interventions:Patients were randomized to treatment with omeprazole suspension (two 40-mg doses on day 1, via orogastric or nasogastric tube, and 40 mg each day thereafter) or intravenous cimetidine (300-mg bolus and 50 mg/hr thereafter) for up to 14 days. Gastric aspirates were sampled for bleeding and pH. Medication doses were doubled for failure of pH control (two successive aspirates with pH ≤ 4). Measurements and Main Results:Clinically significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding (bright red blood not clearing after 5–10 mins of lavage or persistent Gastroccult-positive "coffee-grounds" material for 8 hrs on days 1–2 or for 2–4 hrs on days 3–14 and not clearing with ≥100 mL of lavage) was the primary end point of the trial. The rate of clinically significant bleeding in the per-protocol population was 4.5% with omeprazole suspension and 6.8% with cimetidine, meeting the criteria for the noninferiority of omeprazole suspension. Median gastric pH was ≥6 on all trial days with omeprazole suspension treatment and on 50% of days with cimetidine treatment (p < .001, all trial days). In the omeprazole suspension group, median gastric pH was >4 on each trial day in 95% of patients. Conclusions:Immediate-release omeprazole suspension is effective in preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding and more effective than intravenous cimetidine in maintaining gastric pH of >4 in critically ill patients.


Recognizing danger signals In the classical complement pathway, the C1 initiation complex binds to danger patterns on the surface of microbes or damaged host cells and triggers an immune response. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies form hexamers on cell surfaces that have high avidity for the C1 complex. Ugurlar et al. used cryo–electron microscopy to show how a hexamer of C1 complexes interacts with the IgG hexamer. Structure-guided mutagenesis revealed how C1 is activated to trigger an immune response. Science, this issue p. 794 Cryo–electron microscopy structures suggest mechanisms for how danger patterns on cell membranes trigger an immune response. Danger patterns on microbes or damaged host cells bind and activate C1, inducing innate immune responses and clearance through the complement cascade. How these patterns trigger complement initiation remains elusive. Here, we present cryo–electron microscopy analyses of C1 bound to monoclonal antibodies in which we observed heterogeneous structures of single and clustered C1–immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) hexamer complexes. Distinct C1q binding sites are observed on the two Fc-CH2 domains of each IgG molecule. These are consistent with known interactions and also reveal additional interactions, which are supported by functional IgG1-mutant analysis. Upon antibody binding, the C1q arms condense, inducing rearrangements of the C1r2s2 proteases and tilting C1q's cone-shaped stalk. The data suggest that C1r may activate C1s within single, strained C1 complexes or between neighboring C1 complexes on surfaces.


In recent years, accidents of bone fracture with elderly people increase because of tendency to fall by a little step in a house. As one of this cause, it is considered that a center of gravity position with foot parts of elderly people is changed. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, we propose a new type of insole with high performance by making use of sponge-core-soft rubber actuator (SCSRA). In this study, we apply the actuator to an insole in order to support walking motion. That is to say, a new type of insole to distinguish the foot motion (Pitch or Roll motion) is proposed. To clear the performance of the insole, we develop a test device that is constructed with rotary actuators and a cylinder. In this paper, the mechanism of the proposed insole is explained and basic performances of the proposed mechanism are clarified through some experimental results.


This paper,through document retrieval and logical induction,analyzes the importance of leisure sports and its teaching mode compared with the traditional teaching methods,points out that,with the inspiration of quality oriented education,leisure sports will have a positive effect on the college PE teaching mode.


ABSTRACT Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI)-serving nonprofits were at the forefront of pro-immigrant advocacy during the Trump Administration in the midst of sudden changes in policy that caused extreme turmoil for AANHPIs. This study examines how these federal sociopolitical factors shaped nonprofit activism and finances for Los Angeles AANHPI organizations in 2017. Using interviews, I found that nonprofits could innovate in small ways to support AANHPIs, but were also limited in their advocacy because of funding and political constraints. These findings demonstrate the challenges and persistence required for AANHPI activism in a xenophobic and restrictive landscape.


BS 8007 is the water-retaining structures code and is commonly used in the design and construction of a range of concrete structures including water treatment works ; although it is not intended for that purpose, it is often also used in the design of basements. This paper must focus on and clarify the Standard's guidance on the use of ground granulated blastfurnace slage (ggbs) concrete. The particular issues discussed in this article relate to the limits on the proportion of ground granulated blastfurnace slag (ggbs) and on the total binder content allowed.


ABSTRACT The loss of agricultural land at urban fringes is often monitored but rarely analysed under different scenarios of urban sprawl. This study adopts a multi-criteria spatially-explicit approach to investigate agricultural land vulnerability to urban sprawl under opposing policy directions in the Adelaide metropolitan area. Six land-use change parameters representing the socio-economic and land-use planning effects were analysed under the scenarios of; Business-As-Usual (BAU), Accelerated Economic Development (EDS) and a high Environmental Protection Scenario (EPS). The study shows higher agricultural land vulnerabilities in EDS and BAU scenarios that extends into rural areas displaying a leap-frog effect, which confirms the need to sacrifice farm land uses to maintain land supply for urban development. The LGA-based results enable transfer of farmland vulnerability knowledge into practice by identifying high priority areas for land management interventions and by specifying the types of agricultural land to be strategically managed in these urban fringe landscapes.


The paper is the result of investigations the authors of initial stages of hydrogen isotope retention and migration, formation of radiation damages of lattice in the constructive materials irradiated wich H+/D+ ions. The studies methods were thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) combined with electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and electrical resistance measurements. Deuterium retention was studied as a function of ion fluence, implantation temperature, incident ions energy and pre-implantation by He+ ions. Special attention was given to the investigation of thin films of constructive metals irradiated with D+ ions with the range greater than the film thickness. Also the trapping of deuterium in thin metallic films was investigated at D+ ions implantation (the range was comparable with the film thickness). Possible mechanisms are proposed to describe the observed processes.


DOI: 10.15580/GJSETR.2018.1.040618056 Relevant factors affecting the irrigation performance of large cannon sprinkler include the nozzle diameter, operating pressure, layout form, and overlapping distance, which were studied under no wind conditions. The discharge coefficient ranged from 0.96 to 0.99. A mathematical model of radius of throw was regressed and the coefficient of determination was 0.9765. The application rate was lower near the sprinkler, and the highest value occurred under the radius of throw from 4 to 6 m for each water distribution pattern. The average application rate decreased with increase in operating pressure. The average application rate increased with the increase in nozzle diameter. The increased or decreased in magnitude of average application rate under small nozzle diameter was larger than the large nozzle diameter for the same range pressure variations. The maximum CU values increased with increase in pressure under different nozzle diameter or different layouts. Triangular layout gave higher uniformities compared with square layout. The optimal CU values and spacing coefficients of large cannon sprinkler with different layouts, pressure and nozzle diameter were proposed. Submitted: 06/04/2018 Accepted: 18/04/2018 Published: 25/05/2018


To identify whether an isolated single umbilical artery (ISUA) impacts pregnancy outcome and delivery mode in single and full‐term births.


Introduction 'To Mak My Self to be Known of Many': Miscellanies and the Well-Formed Gentleman The 'Outward Marks' and the 'Inward Man: Thomas Whythorne's Songs and Sonnets Narratives of Experience Spenser as Orpheus Passionate Ejaculations and the Poetics of Presence: Gascoigne's The Adventures of Master F.J. and Sidney's Astrophil and Stella 'My Name is Will': Shakespeare's Sonnets Bibliography


Study about Islam and Indonesia is very important for moslems as civil society in Indonesia. Nowadays, moslem people have many challenges how to become good moslems and good citizens. Everyone has a right to decide to choose the choices, but it is not the solution to separate Islam dan state. So islamic university that has an Islamic studies programme has responsibility to unite Islam as a religion and Indonesia as a state. The lecturers teach students about this integration of Islam and Indonesia studies. This research explained about the academic conceptual curriculum and its subject matters to empower civil society with civic education. This research were designed in the qualitative approach. Data were gathered by using of interview, observation, and using document . The validity and reliability were verified by credibility , transferab i lity , dependability , and  confirmability test . The data were analyzed by using of interactive model. The result of research : there are six subject matters consist of civic education, tolerance, and harmony,  namely Pancasila and civic education, methodology of islamic studies, indonesian language, comparation of religions, tasawuf or islamic Sufism and islamic practicum; and that teaching and learning activities were based on national qualification framework and national standard of higher education.


Energy availability has always been an essential component of human civilization and the energetic consumption is directly linked to the produced wealth. In many depressed countries the level of solar radiation is considerably high and it could be the primary energy source under conditions that low cost, simple-to-be-used technologies are employed. Then, it is responsibility of the most advanced countries to develop new equipments to allow this progress for taking place. A large part of the energetic forecast, based on economic projection for the next decades, ensure us that fossil fuel supplies will be largely enough to cover the demand. The predicted and consistent increase in the energetic demand will be more and more covered by a larger use of fossil fuels, without great technology innovations. A series of worrying consequences are involved in the above scenario: important climatic changes are linked to strong CO2 emissions; sustainable development is hindered by some problems linked to certainty of oil and natural gas supply; problems of global poverty are not solved but amplified by the unavoidable increase in fossil fuel prices caused by an increase in demand. These negative aspects can be avoided only if a really innovative and more acceptable technology will be available in the next decades at a suitable level to impress a substantial effect on the society. Solar energy is the ideal candidate to break this vicious circle between economic progress and consequent greenhouse effect. The low penetration on the market shown today by the existent renewable technologies, solar energy included, is explained by well-known reasons: the still high costs of the produced energy and the "discontinuity" of both solar and wind energies. These limitations must be removed in reasonable short times, with the support of innovative technologies, in view of such an urgent scenario. On this purpose ENEA, on the basis of the Italian law n. 388/2000, has started an R&D program addressed to the development of CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) systems able to take advantage of solar energy as heat source at high temperature. One of the most relevant objectives of this research program (Rubbia, 2001) is the study of CSP systems operating in the field of medium temperatures (about 550°C), directed towards the development of a new and low-cost technology to concentrate the direct radiation and efficiently convert solar


Based on the main idea of entrepreneurship education theory from its initial establishment to gradual improvement,taking the combination of survival education and higher vocational physical education as the the entry point,as well as the sport reform by combining entrepreneurship education theory with the construction of higher vocational sports culture as a breakthrough point,this paper carries out a research on the reform of physical education in higher vocational colleges by means of literature survey and expert interview. The result shows that the gradually improving theory of survival education and entrepreneurship education may play a positive role in guiding the reform of physical education in higher vocational colleges. Therefore,it is suggested that when forming their own distinguished campus culture,higher vocational colleges should combine campus culture with the theory of survival education and entrepreneurship education,rooting it into the heart of every educator so as to carry out curriculum reform.


The effect of the plasma electrode bias on the plasma characteristics near the extraction aperture in a large volume hybrid multicusp negative ion source, driven by 2.45 GHz microwaves, is reported. Spatially resolved negative ion and electron density measurements were performed under various pressures (1–4 mTorr) by means of electrostatic probe and photodetachment technique.


The stability of suspension control of an EMS Maglev vehicle is an important aspect to be concerned when the vehicle is traveling. The PID controller is usually regarded as a simple and effective way in levitation control, but using PID controller, a kind of low-frequency vibration of the electro-magnet sometimes may occur during levitation. This kind of vibration greatly affects the dynamic performance of the levitation and decreases the ride comfort, which needs to be suppressed. To this point, a model of single electro-magnet levitation system using PD controller is established in this paper; and based on this model, several reasons of the vibration, including inappropriate parameters of the controller, improper use of filters, and time delay of signals from sensors, are discussed; at the end of this paper, several ways to reduce or eliminate the vibration are brought forward. Simulations and experiments carried out in a bogie prove the conclusions obtained in this paper.


The utility model discloses a distributed intelligent rope, and relates to the field of composite material and intelligent sensors used in building structures. The rope comprises an optical fiber (1), a carbon fiber and Basalt fiber twisted layer (2), a nylon fiber sleeve (3) and a protective coating (4) which are connected sequentially from the inside out. The production method of the intelligent rope comprises the following steps: firstly, fiber is led out of a creel and passes a delivery device, the carbon fiber and the Basalt fiber are twisted into layers according to certain proportion, then optical fiber is guided out freely and is made into rope body by a high-strength rope making machine together with a plurality of threads of twisted fibers, and at the same time, high-strength nylon fiber is made into the nylon fiber sleeve outside the rope body through a double-layer knitting machine; secondly, silane coupling agent and surface finish agent are coated on the surface of he nylon fiber sleeve; and thirdly, the distributed intelligent rope is obtained after reeling, cutting and packing. The rope is one of the intelligent and multifunctional main base materials of novel composite materials for buildings, has self-monitoring and self-diagnosis functions, and adopts new resources in optimal allocation.


The low activity lead refinery slag of a mine was used to develop gelled material in experiment.The slag was grinded for a certain fineness,then three different compound excitation agents were taken to excite the slag material potential excitation.The slag cementing material replaces some or all of the cement for the full tailing paste filling experiment.It is shown by the paste block strength detection results that the slag cementing material can produce a better cementitious activity,and it is feasible to use lead refinery slag as mass-substitute for cement in the full tailing paste filling,as a result it will reduce the filling cost in mining company.


In this paer we give a farmula for enumerating the equivalent classes of orderly labeled Hamiltonian graphs under group D.and two algorithms for constructing these equivalent classes and all nonisomorphic Hamiltonian graphs.Some computational results obtained by microcomputers are listed.


There are different learning and classification algorithms that are used to learn patterns and categorize data according to the frequency and relationship between attributes in a given dataset. The desired result has always been higher accuracy in predicting future values or events from the given dataset. These algorithms are crucial in the field of knowledge discovery and data mining and have been extensively researched and improved for accuracy. In this paper we first review the literature survey of the common learning algorithms. Then, we analyse and compare common and popular learning algorithms like Neural Net and SVM. Classifying algorithms like Naive Bayes, BFT, Decision Stump have also been compared. The analysis has been made on the basis of precision and accuracy in prediction and classification of data. The comparison helps us know the performance of these algorithms under certain conditions.


Purpose Anisocoria ‐ an unequal size of pupils. According to literary data, almost 10 % of the healthy population has a difference in diameter of pupils no more than 1 mm in photopic conditions of illumination and in 20 % of cases – in mezopic. Differential diagnostics of physiological and pathological anisocoria frequently causes certain difficulty and in this question the essential help is rendered by modern diagnostic methods of research, including computer pupillography which allow evaluating objectively pupil sizes and its changes on different stimuli.To reveal if anisocoria in patients with astenopia can be found and what kind of anisocoria it is.


Restrictions on dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the implementation of the School Dental Health Initiative (SDHI), especially in Bantul Regency, where 92.79% of the population barely visited the Dental Clinic. Moreover, the tendency of adolescents to pay less attention to oral and dental health encourages the need for innovation in dental practice. The Dental Online Report (DENTOPORT) program was developed to assist students of Sekolah Menengah Pertama (junior high school) 2 Bantul in raising awareness and creating changes in adolescent oral health behavior as integrated the concept of teledentistry in SDHI. DENTOPORT is an oral health monitoring and education program that utilizes the LINE application, which teenagers widely use. Students are trained to take oral/dental photographs correctly. Students send pictures of the condition of their teeth and mouth using smartphones and consult the DENTOPORT team through the LINE application. Report on oral health condition based on photos of the oral cavity condition and recommendations for promotive and preventive behavior. This program has been coordinated to be continued by the Bantul 2 primary Health Center with Sekolah Menengah Pertama 2 Bantul as the center of learning. DENTOPORT has the potential to be adopted as a UKGS program so that it can reach other schools in the Bantul area and its surroundings so that it becomes a national program.


We reported the synthesis and characterization of water-based FePt nanoparticles for biomedical applications. The superparamagnetic and hydrophilic FePt nanoparticles were synthesized by phase transfer method and the particles size were just only 2-4 nm. The functional FePt nanoparticles through ligand exchanging were achieved to bind the specific biomolecules. The streptavidin-biotin binding pair was used to demonstrate that water-based FePt nanoparticles could be further functionalized to provide a biotin moiety for specific interaction with streptavidin protein.


The technique of drawing up of the maps of the city reflecting quantitative and qualitative structure of green plantings in dynamics is developed. The technique is approved around historical building of Krasnoyarsk and based on materials inventories of the intraquarter plantings spent in 1990 and 2004--06. As base software product geoinformation system ArcGIS 9.0 is used.


As the modernising Irish state sought to project a positive image of post-war Ireland, a paradox emerged: how could the symbolism of national distinctiveness (heretofore synonymous with the past) be reconciled with modernity? This thesis outlines the role which graphic design played in attempts to resolve tensions between the national and the modern.
The thesis examines how design was mobilised as a symbol and agent of modernisation in Ireland in the run-up to and immediate aftermath of the 1958 'Programme for Economic Expansion', widely considered to be the manifestation of an explicit state-led programme of modernisation. It examines the gradual replacement of the outward symbols of Republican Nationalism with a pervasive symbolism of modern efficiency, suggesting that this was a visual manifestation of the drive towards 'organisation' and rational management that gripped the civil service.
It examines the paradoxical situation whereby designers in Ireland sought to present themselves and the nation as modern and professional, while the Irish Trade Board (charged with both design and export promotion) looked to professional designers abroad to present Ireland and her exports as traditional. Central to this discussion is the critique by designers (particularly those associated with Ireland's first professional body, the Institute of Creative Advertising and Design) of so-called 'Stage Irish' versions of national image-making. An examination of their work and writings provides evidence for a series of alternative visual strategies for being Irish and modern —often quoting Celtic and early-Christian artefacts in otherwise modernist settings— which I have termed 'Celtic modernism.'
From the early 1950s onwards, debates over 'tradition' and 'modernisation' were given visible form in the contentious issue of which letterform to use for the Irish language: 'roman' or 'Gaelic'. This culminated in 1965 in the decommissioning of the Irish alphabet – at which point typography, that most everyday and habitually overlooked of visual material, became briefly visible and highly charged. The final section of the thesis focuses on the relationship between language, typography and identity. It argues that the debates about language reform in the mid twentieth- century led to a reconsideration of the variety of ways of 'being Irish' typographically and that the 'Celtic' associations of the uncial letter in particular offered potential for the negotiation of tradition and modernity.
The thesis concludes that design in Ireland was presented as a means and a metaphor of modernisation. It attempts through an examination of a range of design examples, to follow Roland Barthes's injunction to 'track down in the decorative display of what- goes-without-saying' the ideological constructions hidden in plain sight.


In 1860 the British formed a new non-Regulation District named 'Chittagong Hill Tracts' separating it from the Regulation District of Chittagong under the Bengal province with about 7000 square miles hilly areas to the east of Chittagong. They made a list of some backward districts of British India by enacting the Scheduled Districts Act 1874. Such 250 districts administration comprising regulation and scheduled districts were the key units of the British administration.1 Some Scheduled Districts were entitled to send representatives, either elected by provincial legislative council or nominated by the Central government, to the provincial assembly. But some Scheduled Districts were not entitled to that privilege. It were the British who determined their administrative setup applying different techniques in different regions where they considered it expedient in order to make their empire safe and secured. In doing this, they, more or less got the help of native collaborators loyal to the British Raj in every aspect. The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) was one such Scheduled District. In order to bring the administration of this frontier district of Bengal under their total control, the British divided the entire district into three revenue circles viz., Chakma Circle 2499 sq. miles, Bomang Circle 1935 sq. miles and the Mong Circle 704 sq. miles and at the same time, among the eleven tribes of the CHT, they gave official recognition to only three tribal chiefs as the 'Circle Chief or Raja'. They chose those chiefs who were in control of the main entry points into the hills; other local power holders had to remain in a subordinate position in the new administrative structure. These three Chiefs enjoyed many privileges and exercised power in revenue matters and in internal affairs. But in 1946, when they got the news of the imminent departure of the British from India they became worried about the future administrative status of Chittagong Hill Tracts. Apart from these dominant Chiefs, there were some leaders of a petty political organization who were also worried about the future political entity of the region. Two alternatives - India under the Indian National Congress (hence the Congress) or Pakistan under the Muslim League - were before them. The CHT leaders preferred the former. This paper focuses on the rationality of their political approach of trying to remain with India and or staying with the then East Bengal of Pakistan.A brief background of the partition of IndiaThe British rule came to an end from the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The people of the sub-continent achieved independence after a long glorious struggle. They had to pass a bloody-path for independence. But independence appeared to them in a divided form, due to the Muslims' uncompromising demand for a separate homeland - Pakistan. It seemed to the Muslims that their religious entity would be threatened in a United India. The same thing also happened in the case of the bhadralok (educated elite of caste Hindu) of Bengal. The major community (the Hindu) and their political leaders could not gain the trust of the minorities particularly the Muslims. This failure became clearer when the Muslim League fought the elections of 1945-1946 on the sole issue of Pakistan and won 423 out of 482 seats reserved for the Muslim community in the provincial assemblies.2The bloody communal riot at Calcutta, Noakhali and Bihar in 1946 added fuel to the fire. In these circumstances, there was no alternative for the Indians but to take the mixed taste of independence. A tripartite dissension among the British, the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League* on the issue of the form of government after the termination of British Empire failed to solve the problem. The Congress formally gave its consent to the partition of India on 8 March 1947. At that time the Congress Working Committee, by approving a proposal, declared that if the country had to be divided then the provinces of the Punjab and Bengal had also to be divided. …


Design of continuum manipulators have always been restricted to simplified structures due to the modeling complexity involved. However with the success of machine learning based models, there are potentially more structures and actuation strategies that could be investigated. This paper presents a novel continuum manipulator with variable diameter and a general control strategy for closed loop task space control. The controller constitutes of an inverse kinematics based feedback component, a forward kinematics based feedforward component and a low level velocity controller. Our findings indicate how such an approach can deal with singularities and provide smooth and accurate motion.


Atherosclerosis is a major cause of heart attacks and strokes worldwide whereby an artery becomes blocked by a lesion of atherosclerotic plaque. Minimally invasive medical devices such as stents and filters have been developed to unblock arteries (stents) and collect detached plaque material (filters), and these have made a huge impact in terms of preventing heart attacks and strokes. This research is working towards the development of realistic computational models of atherosclerotic plaques. Mechanical testing along with innovative imaging techniques have been implemented to accurately characterize plaque rupture under deformation.


Based on a preliminary study conducted by researchers in the village of Sigumuru, South Tapanuli Regency, they still found that there were children aged 25-59 months who were shorter than their peers, and none of the 5 children knew about growth and development stimulation activities. the background of the introduction of the tor-tor bue-bue traditional dance skills as an alternative to stimulate growth and development in children in Sigumuru Village, West Angkola District. community service was carried out twice at the Sigumuru Village Head Office. Methods of community service are health education, questions and answers and the practice of tor-tor bue-bue simulation. The target is children aged 4-5 years with their mothers totaling 40 people each divided into 5 groups. health education about the stimulation of children's growth and development before and after health education there is an increase in good knowledge of 37.50%. Health education about alternative ways of stimulating children's growth and development through the tor-tor bue-bue dance before and after health education there is an increase in knowledge of 27.50%. The practice of simulating the tor-tor bue-bue dance as an alternative way of stimulating children's growth and development is quite useful for improving children's skills, where there are 47.50% of children who are skilled in demonstrating the tor-tor bue-bue dance compared to other children who still need guidance and even assistance. to do the dance moves. There was an increase in mother's knowledge in parenting patterns to stimulate children's growth and development and skills in performing the tor-tor bue-bue traditional dance.


The development of nerve plexus in the adventitia, the muscularis and the submucosa of the urethra in a female dog is very poor. They consist of numerous vegetative nerve fibres and a small number of medullated sensory fibres. The termination of the former always consists in the terminalreticulum, which is conspicuously formed in the muscularis and around the venous plexus in the submucosa and the propria.The sensory fibres here are more numerous than in the canine bladder (WATANABE), forming terminations in the propria and intraepithelially. In the propria, we find unbranched, simple branched and glomerular terminations. The unbranched and branched terminations mostly are formed by medium-sized fibres of uniform thickness, but in some cases of thick fibres undergoing change of size in their courses. The glomerular terminations are larger in number and somewhat more complex in structure than in the canine bladder (WATANABE). They are principally of capsulated type and originate in thick fibres. They are to be looked upon as belonging to the type II of genital nerve corpuscles.More intraepithelial fibres are found in the canine female urethra in its transitional and stratified columnar epithelia, than in a canine bladder. Mostly, they are unbranched, but in some cases they are ramified into two or three branches each. In most cases, they run through the basal or median layer of the epithelium in wavy courses to end in sharp or blunt points. These intraepithelial fibres generally consist in thin or medium-sized fibres, but sometimes, in thick fibres changing their size in their courses.


More six percent of U.S. children regularly take stimulant medication, often in order to help them manage in school. But what factors shape stimulant use amongst adolescents at school? In new research which analyses prescriptions for stimulants in the U.S., Marissa King finds that economically advantaged children are more likely to use stimulants in response to academic pressures, and that states with stricter school accountability policies for pupil performance see greater stimulant use amongst children. Making schools more academic, she writes, appears to encourage school-based stimulant use.


Aim: It is important to exclude the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome quickly and accurately. This study aims to exclude the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a single troponin value in patients with appropriate clinical evaluation and electrocardiography (ECG) Materials and Methods: Among the patients who were followed up with a pre-diagnosis of AMI and for whom a HEART score was calculated, patients whose high sensitive troponin I result was found below the limit of detection (LoD) value and who were discharged is included in study. All patients were contacted on the 30th day of discharge. The status of "major adverse cardiac events" (MACE-30) in the last 30 days was questioned. Results: The HEART score of 122 patients (73.1%) in the study was found to be at low risk while 45 (26.9%) as moderate. MACE-30 developed in only 5 patients (3%). Of the 5 patients who developed Mace; The HEART score of 3 (60%) was determined as 5, whereas the heart score of 2 (40%) was 6. p <0.001. It was observed that no mace was detected in any patient with a low risk HEART score (p <0.001). The cut off value for the heart score was found to be ≤4 (p<0,001) while the cut off value for age was found to be ≤69 (p<0,001). Conclusion: We think that patients presenting to the chest pain, a troponin value below LoD and a low HEART score can be discharged from the emergency department with a single troponin.


This paper introduces the wavelet theory and multi-resolution analysis method.Multi-resolution analysis is applied to decompose monthly load according to the character and duality of increment and fluctuation of monthly load.GM(1,1) theory and neural network are used for forecasting,an optimal integrated forecasting model built up,in which the modeling features of above-mentioned two models were considered simultaneously,and the built forecasting model is better than the load forecasting models based on single load variation trend.The case calculation results show that the proposed method can remarkably improve the accuracy of monthly load forecasting.


Luo disease theory has a long history. Till now,it is widely used in a variety of complex diseases. The thesis used history as links,celebrated dictum as object,and helped us to review the development of the theory and make clear future direction of that,looking forward to providing literature basis for Luo disease discipline construction.


The optical properties of the passive film on iron have been studied using in situ ellipsometric spectroscopy. Differential measurements giving strong optical evidence for the previously postulated Fe 4+ species at low concentrations in the passive film at higher anodic potentials (0.8-1.6 V) are presented. Repeated examinations of the low potential region (<0.43 V) show no fine structure in the optical spectrum. No optical changes were observed that could be attributed to chloride adsorption or incorporation on or in the film, up to the moment of passive film breakdown and/or pitting


This article is devoted to substantiating the cognitive-evolutionary theory of language within the framework of cognitive linguistics. The main principle of cognitive linguistics, "explanation," serves as the foundation for this theory. It is argued that the need for this theory arises from negative trends in modern cognitive linguistics, such as an excessive focus on studying concepts without a common understanding of the term "concept" and the substitution of the object of cognitive linguistic research with the study of thinking facilitated by language, rather than thinking itself. The article proposes a new theory for cognitive linguistics that aims to explain the mechanism by which the quality of thinking influences the quality of language. Furthermore, it seeks to determine what factors contribute to the quality of thinking and identify the reasons for differences in the development of languages, thinking, and cultures associated with languages. To support this theory, an interdisciplinarity is suggested, which involves incorporating anthropological data from various fields such as philosophy, logic, cognitive psychology, ontopsychology, ethnopsychology, psycholinguistics, neurophysiology, neurolinguistics, ontolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, and primatology. The author argues in favor of the overwhelmingly positive impact of biological and cognitive evolution. While the commonly accepted notion of thinking influencing language lacks complete proof, the article identifies perception as the cognitive structure that ensures the quality of thinking. In line with the idea that the quality of perception affects thinking, which in turn affects language, three degrees of perception are identified: syncretic, superficial, and alternative. Each degree of perception is described alongside linguistic and mental characteristics observed in great apes, children, modern primitive and ancient civilized people, as well as modern civilized people. The article concludes that differences between languages (and cultures) stem from the quality of perception regarding their developmental possibilities. As a result, the cognitive-evolutionary algorithm "perception: syncretic, superficial, or alternative → corresponding logic of thinking → corresponding logic of language (corresponding logic of culture)" is proposed.


BACKGROUND The factors that influence the implant accuracy are the anatomy of the patient, the experience of the practitioner and the surgical approach. However, the relative importance of each factor is poorly understood. Favourable function, occlusion, aesthetics and implant loading patterns can be obtained by optimal positioning. The experience of the surgeon is of utmost importance for the skill of placing a dental implant with proper angulation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the increased accuracy obtained in performing freehand surgical placement of implants. METHODS This study was conducted in the Department of Implantology. A total of 1216 postoperative periapical radiographs from which single implant placement with adjacent straight root morphology was collected from the department in the period of June 2019 to June 2020 and checked for angulation, practitioner's experience and the site of placement. Mesio-distal angulation was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS method. RESULTS The results showed accuracy in angulation and positioning of implants increased with an increase in experience of the dental surgeon (oral surgeons, prosthodontists, periodontists). Within the limitations of the study, it showed that the freehand dental implant placement angulation was less than a degree for experienced surgeons. The postgraduates had a better understanding and orientation of the angulation than the undergraduates. Moreover, the difficult site was the second and third quadrant to assess the angulation properly. CONCLUSIONS With proper assessment of the anatomy and with experience freehand dental implant placement shows significant results with less angulation which can be prosthetically accepted. KEY WORDS Free Hand Surgery, Guided Surgery, Angulation Of Implants.


Transportation industries such as airplanes, trains, and buses were able to resume operations during the pandemic. In the cruise industry, however, conditions for returning to work were more complex. As a result of the pandemic, the cruise tourism industry entered a period of economic difficulty and attempted to overcome it by borrowing heavily. Nonetheless, several companies decided to sell their existing ships to maintain their financial viability. Even though cruise ships sent for recycling via the Covid-19 process are expected to be recycled within 10 to 15 years, cruise ship recycling in recycling facilities has increased due to the epidemic. This study demonstrates the environmental impact calculation of cruise ships sent to Aliaga ship recycling facilities for disassembly before the end of their average service life under the Covid-19 effect using life cycle assessment (LCA). The results of the study demonstrated conclusively that the global environment had been affected by the transformation of the cruise industry as a result of the Covid-19 epidemic. The environmental effects of ships that must be sent for recycling after 10 to 15 years have to be experienced now.


The sustainability of this research from Biermann has a focus on collaborating on the earth system governance network based on five research challenges namely architecture, agency, adaptability, allocation, and accountability. Research in order to link the relationship of social science with the earth's governance system. It turns out that the social system is very influential in the earth's governance system, so the need to instill the value of the value of love of nature since elementary education so that the impact of the social system on the earth's governance system in the future can be minimized. The results of this study indicate that social systems consisting of people, governments, and non-government actors must work together to deal with the impact of a dynamic earth governance system. For this reason, elementary education is needed to reduce the negative impact of changes in the earth's governance system through the cultivation of character education that loves the environment while having a sense of responsibility.


The finite volume method (FVM), which is free of rezoning, is applied in the simulation of the metal forging process. In particular, this paper first introduces the governing equations of FVM for metal forging and then discusses the key techniques such as dynamic boundary tracing and the application of friction boundary. In addition, the forging process of one connecting rod is simulated with FVM, with the metal flow process, the distributions of effective strain and temperature during the forging process carefully analyzed. The results indicate that FVM is an especially useful numerical simulation method for the whole multi-stage forging processes.


Diffuse melanosis cutis (DMC) is an exceptional presentation of metastatic melanoma characterized by progressive blue-gray discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes [1]. It attests a generally advanced metastatic tumor extension. The discoloration represents the abnormal presence of pigment within the dermis causing scattering of light [1], and is usually more intensive on sun-exposed areas, including head and upper torso [2]. Usually, dark urine associated with melanüri, darkening of the serum and peritoneal fluid can be also seen [3].


Three Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(dmb)2(HDPIP)](ClO4)2 (1), [Ru(bpy)2(HDPIP)](ClO4)2 (2) and [Ru(phen)2(HDPIP)](ClO4)2 (3) were synthesized and characterized. The IC50 values of the complexes against BEL-7402, A549, MG-63 and SK-BR-3 cells range from 20.8 ± 1.6 to 7.3 ± 1.0 μM. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 can enhance the ROS levels and enter into the cytoplasm and accumulate in the cell nuclei. All the complexes can induce a decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibit the cell growth in A549 cells in the G0/G1 phase. Complex 3 has no obvious impact on the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and increases the levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bid. Complex 3 induces apoptosis of A549 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.


This article, using the corporate revenues of 35 companies from 7 subservice industries in Taiwan as sample, attempts to uncover the effects of the 2008 financial storm to their revenues and examines the potential capabilities of four capital structures indicators, the ratio of net worth, long term debts, bank loans and account payable to the total assets, in coping with the financial turmoil. The event study methodology is adopted within which the autoregressive model is estimated and served as the predictive tools for computing the abnormal revenues of all 35 companies. Performances of each company during the 24 months after June 2008 event period are examined and compared. The computed individual as well as the cumulated abnormal revenues in the event dates are then regressed on the four capital structure indicators to check for their effects on the performance of the companies studied. Empirical estimates show significant and consistent adverse effects of the long term debts on the performance during the event dates. In other words, companies that rely heavily on long term debts for accommodation suffered the most during the financial crisis, in addition, the tourist industry outperformed the other 6 sub industries in the service sector.


The paper presents an analysis of the geographical ritualistic use of Candomble specific areas that extend beyond its sacred space itself. The explanation of...


Cosmic ray measurements at different stations for the period 1937–55 are analysed. The diurnal variation is found to be a world-wide phenomenon, thus giving the anisotropy of the primary radiation and its correlation with solar and geomagnetic activities. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1959.tb00011.x


I. When, through the power of emblems, I revealed to him fantastical cities formed from desire and fear, the great Khan baffled. Everyone else comes with politic accounts of maneuvering threats or the chance for precious goods. But me? I tell tales that arrive like stray thoughts to an idle man seated by the doorway of his home, taking in a little fresh air of an evening. "What does that serve for you, then, all that traveling?" he asks ("A che ti serve, allora, tanto viaggiare?" [Calvino, Le Citta, 25]).


Aortic valve stenosis; aged. Dear Editor, Valle et al1 focus on a topic that has started to arouse interest in Brazil, not only due to the increase in the population of elderly people among us2, but also because, according to the Euro Heart Survey, medical services have denied valvular surgery to a significant percentage of elderly patients on the basis of age3. The mortality rate of patients aged 75 years or more in 230 consecutive surgical procedures to correct aortic stenosis, in a period of 6 years, was 13.9% (9.4% of which occurred in isolated procedures and 20.9% in associations). Non-fatal complications appeared in 30% of the cases (25.2% of which occurred in patients with isolated aortic stenosis and 37.4% in associations)1. These data are similar to those of the literature. The authors concluded that the morbidity-mortality after the surgical procedure to correct aortic stenosis is "slightly higher" among the elderly than among "younger people". The matter deserves further consideration, since there is some dissociation between the methods and the conclusion: 1) The authors concluded that the morbidity-mortality of the elderly is "slightly higher" than that of younger people, but they did not analyze a group of "young people" for comparison purposes and they did not refer to literature data, either; 2) There are semantics and interpretation issues that put the reader in doubt, as, for example, the vagueness of the expression "slightly higher" for morbidity and mortality; 3) The term "elderly" does not seem appropriate, since "the elderly" are defined as those individuals aged 60 years or more; It would be more appropriate to refer specifically to those above 75 years of age. As there is not enough time to go over the avalanche of scientific information, the Conclusion is used for screening purposes and as memory reference. That is why it is an important factor in the communication between author and reader and, as such, it has to be in perfect harmony with the purpose and method. The results obtained by Valle et al1 are useful for the daily work of clinics, to be applied to patients with aortic stenosis. However, most readers that rely on abstracts to learn run the risk of memorizing incorrect information.


THE development of aircraft penumatic equipment has progressed so satisfactorily in recent years that actuation of vital services by means of compressed air is becoming increasingly popular. In this brief review of developments to date an attempt will be made to show how the air which has been made available as a result of compressor improvements is utilized and by way of introduction it may be of interest to recall some of the bold experiments which were made in earlier years.


Frederick A. Matsen III, and Steven B. Lippitt, editors. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. 800 pages. $149.00.

This well-written and clearly illustrated textbook describes the philosophy and the treatment techniques of one of the leaders of shoulder surgery in North America. The approach is somewhat novel and uses different terminology and a rationale that has been developed and championed by the senior author, Frederick A. Matsen III, who has had extensive publication of many of these ideas in peer-reviewed journals. It must be understood that this book emphasizes Dr. Matsen's approach and that alternative philosophies and methods of treatment are available elsewhere. Having taken that fact into consideration, the reader will find that the text provides unique insights and useful …


Nitric oxide (NO) as a regulator of uterine enlargement during follicle stimulation Yoshihiro Kimura, Mikiya Nakatsuka*, Hisashi Aoe, Soichi Noguchi, Keiji Shintani, Takafumi Kudo Dept. of OB/GYN, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata Okayama-city, Okayama, 700 Japan. *corresponding author phone # 086-223-7151 (ext. 2564), fax # 086-225-9570 Introduction It has been reported that NO (EDRF: endotheliumderived relaxing factor) is a bioregulatory molecule in brain, immune system, gastrointestinal tract, platelets, respiratory system as well as cardiovascular system. NO is also involved in reproductive function such as penile erection(1), ovulation(2), and maintenance of pregnancy(3). In various cells, NO is formed enzymatically from L-arginine by a family of at least three distinct nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isozymes. The classification of NOS into neuronal type NOS (nNOS), endothelial type NOS (eNOS), macrophage type NOS (mNOS) is used commonly although new classification was proposed resently(4). In this report, we investigated the role of endogenously generated NO during follicle stimulation by using aminoguanidine (AG), NOS inhibitor. We also determined the localization and the type of NOS expressed in the uterus of rat treated with follicle stimulating hormone. Materials and Methods Twentyeight-days-old immature female rats were divided into 5 groups, treated with AG, NOS inhibitor, and/or equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), follicle stimulating hormone, and sacrificed by decapitation (Fig. 1).


In this work a rationalized algorithm for calculating the quotient of two complex numbers is presented which reduces the number of underlying real multiplications. The performing of a complex number division using the naive method takes 4 multiplications, 3 additions, 2 squarings and 2 divisions of real numbers while the proposed algorithm can compute the same result in only 3 multiplications ( or multipliers in hardware implementation case), 6 additions, 2 squarings and 2 divisions of real numbers.


Infrared photodissociation spectra of several phenol−Ln cation clusters (Ph+−Ln; L = He, Ne, Ar, N2, CH4) are recorded in the vicinity of the O−H stretch vibration (ν1) of bare Ph+. The Ph+−Ln complexes are produced in an electron impact (EI) ion source, which generates predominantly the most stable isomer of each cluster ion. The spectra of all dimers (n = 1) show strong ν1 transitions (at 3537, 3534, 3464, 3365, 3365 cm-1 for L = He, Ne, Ar, N2, CH4), which are attributed to proton-bound structures based upon the complexation-induced redshifts, Δν1. A linear correlation between Δν1 and the proton affinity of L is observed. In the case of Ph+−Ar, a weak transition at 3536 cm-1 is assigned to the ν1 band of the less stable π-bound isomer. The analysis of photofragmentation branching ratios and systematic frequency shifts in the spectra of larger Ph+−Ln clusters (n ≤ 2 for CH4, n ≤ 5 for Ar, n ≤ 7 for N2) provide information about the microsolvation process of Ph+ in nonpolar environments. The ν1 transitio...


Current estimates indicate that over 6.5 million decks are constructed on U.S. residential structures on an annual basis at a cost of $1.9 to $3 billion. Over the past decade, the residential deck material market experienced robust expansion, growing at an annualized rate of 8.1 percent between 1991 and 1999. Despite its large size and healthy growth, very little empirical research has been conducted exploring the residential deck material market in the United States. The objective ofthis study was to characterize the use of seven different deck materials within the U.S. residential construction industry utilizing a mail survey of residential construction firms. A separate survey of the largest 100 residential construction firms in the United States was also conducted to determine if their deck material use differed substantially from smaller firms. Survey results indicated that nearly 60 percent ofnew spec homes and 68 percent ofnew custom homes were built with decks between November 1996 and October 1998. Custom home decks were found to be 64 percent larger than spec home decks, although the difference in cost per square foot between custom and spec decks was found to be insignificant. Slightly over 47.4 percent of the new home decks were constructed with pressure-treated lumber, followed by western red cedar, concrete, and redwood, representing 18.5, 14.1, and 11.1 percent of the market, respectively. Several differences were detected in deck material usage based on firm size and firms'region of operation. Eleven deck material attributes were also assessed in the survey and the attributes of long life, beautiful and aesthetically pleasing, and durability were rated as the most important by survey participants when making their deck material purchase decision. Collectively, this research provides benchmark information that can be used to develop more efficient and effective marketing management strategies for residential deck material manufacturers.


A market survey was undertaken visiting 14 major markets of the country during 2001/03 to assess the marketing system, demand and supply situation and price behavior of acid lime and hill lemon in Nepal. Different levels of market intermediaries involved in lime and hill lemon marketing were selected for survey and group discussion. A standard semi structured interview schedule was used to gather the information and daily transaction of lime was recorded in Kalimati wholesale market for one year. The total annual consumption of lime at 14 major markets of Nepal was over 2327 mt. of which, 85% was consumed in Kathmandu only. The volume of sale was higher during main season of production in all markets except Nepalgunj, Bhairahawa and Krishnanagar, where the volume of sale was higher in off-season. Over 90 percent of total lime marketed in Nepal was imported from India. In Kalimati wholesale market, the domestic lime contributed only 5.5% to total supply in the season and the rest was supplied from India. However, the share of Nepalese lime in other 13 major markets, outside the Kathmandu valley, was 32%. The total volume of import was 2108 t. valued at Rs. 50.4 millions. In contrast to lime, lemon was not imported from India. The demand of lime was higher during off-season from January to August and lower during the main season of production, i.e. September to December. The wholesale and retail prices of lime and hill lemon showed temporal and spatial variation. The average wholesale price of two years (2001-2003) in Kalimati market was Rs. 1.2 to 2.6 and retail Rs. 1.5 to 3.05/fruit, whereas in 13 major markets the wholesale price varied from Rs. 0.64/fruit in September to Rs. 0.95 in April. Average retail price was the lowest in August (Rs. 1.4/fruit) and the highest in April (Rs. 1.93/fruit). Similarly, the average wholesale price of hill lemon varied from Rs. 1.6/fruit in October to Rs. 6.0/fruit in April and the average retail price was the lowest in October (Rs. 2.4/fruit) and the highest in April (Rs. 7.0/fruit). The prices of lime and hill lemon were the lowest during the season of production and the highest during off-season, i.e. summer months. Different types of traders as suppliers, wholesalers, retailers, doke, four-wheelers, collectors and commission agents were involved in the marketing of lime and hill lemon. There were four different channels involved in the marketing of lime and hill lemon. Shares of those channels in business varied with markets. The marketing through commission agent (6%) was not common, whereas the collectors were significant (57%) in marketing. The common uses of lime and hill lemon were as fresh green salad, juice and processed products such as juice, squash, chuk , and pickle. The post-harvest loss during marketing was up to 20 -25% due to poor management of fruits. Development of technology for the higher productivity, off-season production, post harvesting handling and processing of fruits, and strengthening market facilities including cold storage are suggested to reap the tremendous internal market opportunities and substitute the imports. Key words: Acid lime, hill lemon, marketing

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:107-116 (2005)


1. Interpolation 2. Conic sections 3. Synthetic geometry 4. Algebraic projective geometry 5. Algebraic curves 6. Examples and applications 7. Surfaces.


The invention relates to a polygonatum sibiricum beverage and a novel method for producing the same, belonging to the technical field of food processing. The polygonatum sibiricum beverage is provided by sufficiently developing and utilizing polygonatum sibiricum. The invention aims to provide a polygonatum sibiricum beverage. According to the invention, polygonatum sibiricum is subjected to special treatment, and reasonably mixed with auxiliary materials including xylitol, citric acid, peanut coat extractive, guar gum, CMC and nisin to prepare the polygonatum sibiricum health beverage; the nutritive value of the polygonatum sibiricum beverage is improved, and the polygonatum sibiricum beverage has unique health functional characteristics, and is particularly suitable for being drunk by the middle aged and elderly people and diabetic patients; and the novel method is simple in technology, energy-saving, strong in operability, and easy in realizing of industrialized production, thus being suitable for popularization and application.


Process models initially used to serve as a base for planning, staffing, organizing, coordinating and budgeting the complete life cycle of a software development process. The management of software engineering knowledge, to improve quality and productivity, needs pragmatic tools. In this paper we are proposing a process model using knowledge based software engineering approach (PMKBEA). This Process model shall help in various phases of the software development process and ease the burden of managers and also minimize the development hurdles. The proposed work is an attempt to integrate the merits of knowledge base System, CASE environment and waterfall model. Experimental feedback has been presented which is quite beneficial.


Speech that Robert F. Kennedy was to deliver at the California Institute of Technology. Topics include the Constitution and the separation of powers in the United States government.


The growth of oxides formed on Ti−50 mol%AI alld Fe−40 mol%AI was investigated at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressllres. In the early stage oxidation of TiAl, A1203 with equiaxed crystal grains was first fornled on the surface and then Ti−oxides were formed in the intergrains. The Ti−oxides grew more rapidly than the A1203 did with oxidation time. This phenomenon implies that the oxidation resistance of TiAl does not maintain but decreases when the oxidation progresses for a long time at any oxygen partial pressures, In FeAI, a protective A12031ayer against oxidation was formed in the early stage of oxidation even at a low oxygen partial pressure. This A12031ayer was thin and stable for a Iong term. However,


This paper is devoted to the theme of spiritual experience in the works of the Russian philosopher I.A. Ilyin. The books of this thinker emphasize that spiritual experience is subjective, unique and individual, which determines the personality in a person. These ideas are consistent with the fact that a feature of the religious worldview is the formation of the concept of personality. Meanwhile, for the post-industrial and information society, the factors that shape a person's personality are very important, especially in the modern world, where functional unit of social relations is a single person.


Polydopamine-hemoglobin (PDA-Hb) microcapsules as suitable oxygen carriers are fabricated easily by templating decomposable MnCO3 particles in collaboration with self-polymerization of dopamine on pure Hb spheres. The PDA-Hb microcapsules possess a high oxygen affinity and are able to bind and release oxygen reversibly as demonstrated by electrochemical methods.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use


"Liberation, then, depends first upon the realization of the truth about our condition." --Kathleen Riordan Speeth I became angry recently when my father tried to take my dog to my sister's room for the night. To me, he was insinuating that I would neglect to take him to my own room, and allow the dog to run amuck during the night. I became intensely angry at him and at everyone else I live with, though this time, I internalized the anger and said nothing. I have, on occasion, reacted in a much more volatile fashion. In reality, his decision to take the dog was probably based on past instances in which I had forgotten to do as needed. He most likely intended no personal slight toward me in taking the dog, and did so without malice. The perceived slight stems from my own disappointment with myself for not living up to my own standard of responsibility and for allowing my actions or inactions to present to others a self which does not measure up to that which I desire to be. Erving Goffman tells us that ... the individual may deeply involve his ego in his identification with a particular establishment, and group, and in his self-conception as someone who does not disrupt social interaction or let down the social units which depend upon that interaction. When a disruption occurs, then, we may find that the self-conceptions around which his personality has been built may become discredited. These are consequences that disruptions may have from the point of view of individual personality. (quoted in Farganis, 362) Because of the nature of human perception, and its tentative relationship to reality, many of our perceptions are in part imaginary. This is because they are constructed from within a socio-historically situated biographical nexus of needs met and feelings created through our primary and secondary socializations. It is imperative, therefore, for one to gain self-knowledge through a critical investigation of one's own biography in order to gain awareness of the imaginary aspects of the way one tells one's own story to both oneself and others and how it determines his or her motivations and consequent actions. Autobiography itself is a type of "social interaction in which one tries to influence others" (Bjorklund, 17). This being true, the writer of an autobiography, in choosing what he or she will write goes through the same role taking process that goes on in any symbolic interaction. In selecting the content of the narrative the same social forces apply. "Life histories are accounts, representations of lives, not lives actually lived," Bjorklund adds. Our conceptions of our own lives are subject to our own interpretation and definition. We define our own roles, and assume the role of the audience when we write; the purpose of the tale we tell is contingent on our perception of each. "It would indeed be a nice problem in the descriptive geometry of narrative," Ralph Keeler writes, "to determine the exact point where the lines of the two interests meet, that of the narrator and that of the people who have to endure the narration" (Bjorklund 16-17). These facts will inevitably affect the content of this very essay. The individual is the implement of social change. If one can recognize the imaginary aspects of one's own perceptions and through this awareness try better to form one's actions in the best interest of a definition of the situation that is grounded in the real then one will be better able to discern the real needs of self and other and act in an appropriate proximity to where the two intersect. By doing so one contributes to the chain of individual actions that make up society as a whole in a constructive way. Therefore to reduce the reliance on the imaginary in the individual is to reduce the imaginary in society as well. The desired outcome of course is still a compromise between many selves and others but one that is located closer to the needs of the situation at the place where self and other meet. …


In this paper a well-known experiment is considered that is used to demonstrate some aspects of water boiling. It is shown that the currently popular explanation is wrong and a better explanation is proposed, backed up with experimental data. Variations of the experiment are proposed that can be used for a more in-depth examination of the intricate details of the process of boiling.


This paper reviews an empirical study of 18 companies implementing simultaneous engineering and/or CAD/CAM. It reviews the strategic need for these approaches. It argues that to implement these approaches effectively, changes are needed in the way in which companies are managed. The empirical data is reviewed, and data is presented that shows that companies are using a wide range of integration mechanisms to support the implementation of simultaneous engineering and CAD/CAM. The paper finishes by presenting guidelines for managers and engineers.


The paper highlights the use of hardware and software facilities in University of Agricultural Science Libraries in Karnataka. It also highlights the access of networks, information services and barriers in infoimation technology (IT)' applications. A survey conducted on two agricultural universities tibraries in Karnataka, namely University of Agricultural Science Library, Dharwar and University of Agricultural Science Library, Bangalore found that none of the University libraries under the study is having databases and full implementation of IT applications in their libraries. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.21.1.3534


To evaluate the prognostic significance of the pretreatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who underwent salvage chemotherapy.


Instruments and methods for implanting the tissue in injured muscle tissue to treat patients with and / or purpose of reproduction for improving the muscle function by repopulating cells. In particular devices and methods eliminate the difficulties of the alteration of the cell. Instrument is provided with a stop device to suppress the hollow tube, hollow movement of the movable stylet and stylet mounted in a tube having a pointed tip. Method excised full tissue from a first site of the organ of the mammal and BACKGROUND OF consists of embedding the second portion of the same organ FIG 1C


Living in information society we spend a lot of time in front of visual display units such as computer monitors or TV screens. This has positive as well as negative effects on our lives. Negative effects are mostly health related and one major concern is the increasing number of people affected by the Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) [1]. Most CVS-related problems can be avoided by suitable preventive actions, but the majority of computer users ignore them. To help remedy the situation we present a prototype of a computer vision system for real-time eye blink based detection of eye fatigue, which is a common symptom leading towards CVS. Our program records video of the user by a computer monitor mounted web-camera, processes the frames and detects hazardous behaviour based on user's eye dynamics and blink patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed system is capable of detecting common cases of fatigued behaviour linked with long-term computer use. We believe regular use of the proposed system could significantly reduce the CVS symptoms for long-time computer workers. However, the techniques used can also be applied to other similar applications, such as driver fatigue detection, human-computer interaction, etc.


The paper presents experimental results to assess the performance of a variety of rotors used in a Brushless Doubly Fed Machine (BDFM). In the experiments the torque-speed characteristics were measured on a BDFM fitted with four rotors with five different windings. The measurements were made of the machine excited with just one stator supply with the second stator supply first open circuit, and then shortcircuited. The results give valuable insight into how different rotors, including a novel design of BDFM rotor, will perform in a BDFM configured as a variable speed generator. The results highlight important differences between the rotors related to their winding construction.


The idea that a significant fraction of line emission in AGN comes directly from an accretion disk is attractive for several reasons – not least the obvious one of establishing the black hole paradigm. We performed a few consistency tests for the hypothesis that both F E K α and H α are emitted by an accretion disk. The main results of this preliminary investigation are as follows. FE K α is systematically much broader than H α at FWHM, but the widths of the two lines are not correlated. For each of the 9 objects with F E K α profile most consistent with disk emission, we computed the possible disk contribution on the basis of a weak field model. Although the H α profiles are not consistent with disk model emission, rotational motion could still be the main broadening mechanism. We then compared disk inclinations deduced from F E K α model profile fitting to the ones we derived from model fits of H α . The inclination values are consistent. Finally, we found that a simple illumination model can produce both disk F E K α and H α emission, if a small fraction of continuum is scattered toward the disk to yield ionization parameter ξ > 10 −2 ergs s −1 cm. We conclude that the bulk F E K α cannot be associated to the Broad Line Region. Albeit several radio-quiet Seyfert 1 objects show F E K α profiles consistent with emission from the inner part of an illuminated accretion disk, the general situation remains unclear, as fits to line profiles require an unsatisfactory large range in model parameters like emissivity and inner and outer radii.


[Objectives] Acetylcholinesterase(ACh E) plays a vital role in the nervous system of insects and serves as the target for various organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. The aims of this study were to identify alternative splicing of the Ace1 gene in R. padi field populations sampled in different regions of China and the effect of alternative splicing on the secondary and tertiary structure of ACh E1. [Methods] R. padi field populations were collected from 16 different regions of 11 Chinese provinces. RT-PCR was used to clone the c DNA sequences of the Ace1 gene from 15 individuals from each field population and a susceptible laboratory strain. The deduced amino acid sequences of R. padi ACh E1 were submitted to the SABLE online and I-TASSER online servers to analyze the effect of alternative splicing on the secondary and tertiary structure of ACh E1. [Results] Alternative splicing was found in individuals from nine field populations. This occurred near the 5′end of the ACh E1 coding region, resulting in the deletion of "ATCCGAATTTAG" and the amino acids "RSEF". Results of structural analysis showed that alternative splicing changed the secondary structure and tertiary structure of ACh E1. [Conclusion] Alternative splicing is common in wild populations of R. padi. This can change the spatial structure and catalytic properties of ACh E 1.


Abstract Achievements in softcopy photogrammetry and advancements in GIS accommodating digital images as a raster data have led to a great demand for digital orthophoto images. Because of huge size of digital orthophotomaps (especially coloured orthophotos) image compression is being considered in the interest of a more efficient data storage and faster file transfer. Many image compression software packages exist on the market. The paper presents the results of the extensive investigation selecting software package, developing the procedure of orthophoto file compression/decompression procedure with acceptance criteria. The softcopy orthophotomap database has been tested (compressing and decompressing) on visual and geometric quality as well as for compression/decompression time. The investigations are carried out considering to distribution of image files allowing its clients to request and download any desired othophotos through the CD or on-line using Web server.


The effectiveness of aqueous extract of seven locally available medicinal plants i.e. Trachyspermum ammi (seeds), Zingiber officinale (rhizome), Tinospora cordifolia (leaves), Cymbopogon citratus (leaves), Moringa oleifera (bark) were evaluated against the plant pathogenic fungus i.e. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini (causing wilt in linseed). The plant extracts were screened for their antagonistic property against the mycelial growth of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini at four different concentrations i.e. 10, 25, 50 and 75 percent by using poisoned food technique. The results of this study have shown that all the five plant extracts significantly (p ≤ 0.01) inhibited the growth of the test pathogen. It was observed that Tinospora cordifolia (leaves), Cymbopogon citratus (leaves) and Moringa oleifera (bark) completely inhibited the growth of pathogen at 75% concentration whereas Zingiber officinale (rhizome) caused 89.65% inhibition followed by Trachyspermum ammi (seeds) (82.50%) on the eighth day of inoculation.


This study used conceptual supraliminal priming to the activation of stereotypes of the category "political", searching through the brief exposure of words linked to this category to reduce the response time in a lexical decision task, being the goal of the experiment to verify the facilitating effect of a congruent priming. Using a convenience sample of 67 college students, an analysis of the mean of the response times related to the type of priming presented was performed. The results only partially confirm the hypotheses tested, the stereotype-related words reduced the response time when presented, but not had the desired effect of priming. Hypotheses have been raised about what may have caused the inconsistency of the results with the results expected from the literature. © Cien. Cogn. 2011; Vol. 16 (2): 002-012.


Temporally and spatially resolved measurements of carbon and boron impurity density are obtained in the reversed field pinch (RFP) for the first time. It is observed that, unlike in tokamaks and stellarators, the RFP does not exhibit a centrally peaked impurity profile in either standard plasmas where field lines have some degree of stochasticity, or improved confinement discharges where there exist well-nested flux surfaces for a substantial fraction of the plasma volume. Results from improved confinement discharges also indicate an outward convection of impurities from the core of the plasma.


Castor oil is derived from the bean of castor plant Ricinus communis L., belonging to Euphorbiaceae family from Nangroe Aceh Darussalam. Oil rendement per gram of castor bean is 45 – 52% with high purity and better than the standard oil given by AOAC. Acetylation and methylation protective process occurs on hydroxyl group of castor oil, indicated by decreasing of hydroxyl number, and also changing the structure of oil. Hydration process is more efective on acetylation-protective oil than that on non-protective and methylation-protective oil. Optimum condition reached when acid (H2SO4) concentration was 5% for non protective, 20% for acetylation protective and 15% for methylation protective oil. At those conditions, iodine and hidroxy values for non-protective, acetylation-protective, and methylation protective oil were 56.0 and 730.3; 23.3 and 664.5; and 38.5 and 649.8 mg/g, respectively.


This paper discusses a robust control of a wind energy conversion chain based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator. This command is evaluated in the context of controlling the speed of PMSG and to control the active and reactive power injected into the grid, to increase the power generated and thus improve the efficiency of wind power system. A non-linear controller was implanted. The control of wind systems mainly uses the Proportional Integral controller. However, this type of regulators does not give good control performance because of the disturbance and nonlinearity of the wind systems. Therefore, a nonlinear robust control strategy based on Second-Order Sliding Mode is implanted. In order to validate the proposed control strategy, a system dynamics model proposed was modeled and simulated in MATLAB / Simulink environment.


Due to advances in wireless network technology, new applications are designed in medical and health care domain. Medical personnel efficiency has increased by using these new tools and applications. Patient of young and elderly people as well as smart houses equipped with sensors and information technologies are subject to discussion. Patients wear sensors to monitor vital signs reported in real-time to their doctors, which improves the quality of health care and allows them to spare money. In our work, we have developed a prototype of medical monitoring for elderly people by using several technologies such as REST, Jess rule engine and Android in order to have a flexible application in future changes.


Radio access technologies (RATs) are a key topic in railways, enabling them a better service rendering in terms of shorter headways between trains, higher safety levels and higher customer satisfaction. Very often, these railway RATs need a lot of time to be developed, tested and put into service, which implies a lack of efficiency and bottlenecks in the evolution of railway systems. To solve this situation, an emulation platform that considers both the physical layer and the network (this is, able to emulate the end-to-end chain) is envisaged in the EmulRadio4Rail project. Therefore, the physical layer of many railway scenarios must be emulated, which is a remarkable challenge because railways are very diverse. We see Tapped-Delay Lines (TDL) models as the most efficient way for emulation with the available hardware. In the literature, there are many TDL-based channel models for all the scenarios we considered but one: tunnels. Therefore, in order to fill this gap, we develop a novel TDL model for railway tunnels, considering the impact of the rolling stock (both high-speed railway (HSR) and subway trains). The proposed model allows the full characterization of this scenario in terms of power-delay-profile (PDP), Doppler spectrum and fading characteristics.


Brinjal (Eggplant) is a very common and popular horticultural crop in Bangladesh. This study reports on quantification of farm level postharvest loss of brinjal in two intensive growing districts Jamalpur and Rangpur of Bangladesh. It also outlines the determinants of brinjal postharvest loss and problems of brinjal farmers. A total of 144 farmers were considered for the study from purposively selected four villages. Total postharvest loss was quantified by evaluating quantitative and qualitative losses of brinjal. Farmers were found well acquainted with a range of postharvest practices such as definite point and stage of brinjal harvesting, sorting, grading and packaging. Morning was the most preferred time for harvesting and selling of brinjal in the survey areas. Distance selling and motor driving van for local selling were used by 25% and 23% of the respondents. Physical damage and physical appearance were the two basic criteria for grading of brinjal at farm level. Among the problems, absence of storage and lower prices of brinjal scored highest PFI 208 and 181, respectively from the possible range of 0 to 216. Farm level postharvest loss of brinjal was 13.90% of total production where full damages accounts for 9.16% alone. Infested by insect and rotten were the primary causes of full damages of brinjal in the survey area. The 4.73% of the total postharvest loss was due to partial damages of brinjal where skinning and bruising constitutes the maximum share. Due to postharvest loss brinjal farmers have to incur financial loss of Tk. 709.05 per decimal of brinjal cultivation. Total harvested amount, farmer's education, packaging and selling place were found significant factors for postharvest loss of brinjal in the survey area. It is recommended that government, research institution and Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) should work jointly to educate farmers against postharvest loss of brinjal in Bangladesh.

J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 454–460, 2019


As the article about Germany in this number of Bergen Journal of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice illustrates, many countries are in process of changing their approaches to drug legislation, in particular with a view to decriminalise minor involvement in drugs, i.e. possession of minor quanta of drugs or use of it. So is the case for Norway, where a drug reform has been proposed by the Government. However, the political fate of this reform is currently troublesome. As the development is of interest also beyond Norway, we will in this comment provide our readers with an update on the situation with the drug reform. Section 2 of this report will briefly outline the current state of law. Afterwards, in section 3, the Norwegian reform proposal will be explained. This section will contain the justification for the drug reform and the proposal itself. Finally, in section 4 we will describe the political disagreement that has emerged, leaving the reform in turmoil.


The Chinese nation has a tradition of attaching great importance to thanksgiving which is regarded as a virtue as well as a vital symbol of social civilizaiton.But nowadays in the process of building socalist harmonious society,it is worrying that university students are short of thanksgiving education.This paper makes a tentative discussion on the connotation of thankgiving education and the social background of university students' lack of thanksgiving.Based on these,this paper explores the significane and measures to conduct thanksgiving education for university students.


We report on the progress of a 140 GHz pulsed gyro-amplifier system being developed at MIT for enhanced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization for NMR (DNP-NMR). A confocal geometry configuration is being studied as an approach to an overmoded interaction waveguide. The new amplifier differs from a previous version by incorporating improvements to structural construction, optimized input coupling, and sever design1. The confocal geometry consists of two curved mirrors spaced equal to their radii of curvature (R = L = 6.8 mm, width = 5 mm). The operating frequency of 140 GHz is supported by the higher-order HE06 mode. In order to suppress lower-order modes, the confocal geometry has open sides to allow radiation to leak out of the confined structure. By an appropriate design of the confocal parameters, these lower-order modes should have a greater loss per unit length than the mode of operation. The two severs (length 2.51cm, minimum width 0.74 mm) help to prevent oscillations by providing high attenuation within the waveguide.


The article deals with the issue of creative generations in Tatar poetry of Bashkortostan. Based on the scientific-chronological and diachronic aspects, the work provides a historical and literary analysis of the Tatar poetry development in Bashkortostan from the second half of the 20 th century to the present day; it reveals the reasons for the emergence of such a phenomenon as "bilingual Tatar literature", primarily due to the changes in the socio-political and cultural life of the republic and the displacement of the Tatar language from the literary press and book publishing in 1950-1980. We also study the influence these events had on the individual style of the poets. Analyzing a qualitative scientific and theoretical base, the article reveals the features characterizing the reflection of reality in the local writers' works and emphasizes that the picture of the world, formed in the poets's minds, is a decisive factor shaping their individual styles. We identify both the features of the individual style of the masters of the pen and the general regional style of Tatar poetry in Bashkortostan. Taking all this into account, the article identifies four creative generations in the development of regional Tatar poetry during the period under study. The main motifs in the works of the most prominent poets and the typical qualities inherent in each creative generation are revealed by means of the analysis of their creative methods, content and form. The article emphasizes that in terms of its poetic value, ideological and aesthetic content, Tatar poetry of the region is mainly based on its millennial traditions.


Background Hip range of motion (ROM) during baseball pitching is associated with trunk rotation and shoulder kinematics, which has shown to influence medial elbow valgus loading and pitching performance. The purpose of this study was to measure the relationship between hip rotational ROM and kinematic variables that influence elbow valgus loads in Division 1 collegiate pitchers. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Three-dimensional pitching motion (Motion Analysis Corp, Santa Rosa, California) analyses were captured for seven Division 1 baseball pitchers. Six kinematic measurements related to medial elbow valgus loading were calculated while the pitchers threw fastballs. Inclinometer measurements were used to measure hip internal (IR), external (ER) ROM, and total rotational arc at the hip (IR + ER ROM). Correlations were used to evaluate the association between hip IR, ER, and total rotational arc ROM (TRARC) and six kinematic variables. Results Trunk angular velocity was correlated to trail hip ER and TRARC (p <0.01). Lead hip total arc ROM was associated with maximum shoulder ER (p < 0.01). Lead hip IR was correlated to elbow flexion angle at ball release (p < 0.01). Conclusion Hip ROM during pitching is associated with trunk angular velocity, maximum shoulder ER and elbow flexion angle at ball release. Alterations in hip TRARC appears to influence trunk rotation velocity leading to dependence on increased shoulder ROM and decreased elbow flexion angle at ball release which is associated with diminished pitching performance and excessive medial elbow valgus loads. Level of Evidence level 3


12.9%, 15.0%, 0.41 y 3. Las tres lineas superiores fueron del segundo nivel de irradiacion, con proteina de 14.9 a 15.3%, cuyos minimo y maximo superaron al contenido de proteina de 'Salamanca' en 19.2 y 22.4%, respectivamente. La correlacion de proteina y rendimiento de grano fue negativa (r = -0.59) y altamente significativa; las lineas de alta proteina rindieron menos que 'Salamanca'. Las lineas tuvieron mayor volumen y peso de grano que 'Salamanca', pero casi la misma densidad. Palabras clave: Triticum aestivum L., rayos gamma, mutaciones, volumen, peso, densidad, rendimiento de grano. ABSTRACT. This study was conducted in response to the need to improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with a high nutritional quality. A selection for greatest protein content was carried out on irradiated composites selected during six seasons considering a greater grain size and grain density. Seven composites were subjected to two irradiation levels. They diered in five irradiation generations and 74 kr of accumulated doses, except for one with a dierence of 73 kr. They came from the Salamanca variety irradiated with gamma rays of cobalt sixty ( 60 Co). The selection was made from M6 and M11 plants, and the selected lines were evaluated over two seasons at Montecillo, State of Mexico. The protein content tended to be normal, with a mean, interval and variance of 13.1%, 11.6 to 15.8% and 0.45, respectively. The 'Salamanca' had 11.5%. With the second irradiation level, the mean (13.1%), maximum value (15.8%), variance (0.51) and number of lines (9) with more than 14.6% protein, exceeded those of the first level, of which the values were 12.9%, 15.0%, 0.41 and 3. The three high lines corresponded to the second irradiation level, with protein from 14.9 to 15.3% and with minimum and maximum values exceeding the protein content of 'Salamanca' by 19.2 and 22.4%, respectively. The protein and grain yield correlation was negative (r = -0.59) and highly significant; the high protein content lines yielded less than 'Salamanca'. The lines had a greater grain volume and weight than 'Salamanca', but almost the same density.