INTRODUCTION Construction is not an uncommon sight on college and university campuses today. Such importance is placed on facilities that erection, addition, and modernization costs totaled more than 14.5 billion dollars in the United States during the 2005 calendar year (Agron, 2006). Collegiate administrators have come to realize that prospective students and their guardians focus not only on the academic quality of an institution but also on the vehicle through which that product is conveyed (Hanish & Romano, 2003). The physical environment of a campus plays an important role in the eventual selection of an institution. Students spend a great deal of time and energy discerning the distinctive merits of housing amenities before finalizing their selection (Baltic, 2001). If academic programs are comparable between institutions, any edge a college or university has with its physical plant might sway an undecided student. Of the funds devoted to erection, addition, and modernization of campus facilities, 18% were devoted to residential buildings in 2005 (Agron, 2006). Residential students are no longer willing to accept older or outdated facilities, especially when other schools or off campus competitors are more amenable to provide them what they seek (Whittington, 1974). With numerous options from which to choose, the student as a consumer must be taken seriously. Students who choose to live on campus have more interaction with the surrounding campus facilities than those who do not. Additionally, residence halls have been shown to have a strong effect on students' satisfaction with their new environment (Forrest, Jr. & Schuh, 1976; Strange, 1991). A study by Foubert, Morrison, & Tepper (1997) concluded that residents' satisfaction with the physical facilities of the hall predicts 30% of the variance in overall hall satisfaction. Satisfaction with the residence hall experience influences selection of the living accommodations for the next year. Given that facilities matter in forming satisfaction judgments, it makes sense that a new residence hall would attract students. Demand is high for a living environment that is equal to, if not better than, the environment with which the student is already familiar (Amenities Matter, 2005). Assuming the perceived economic viability is high, a new structure is likely to be at or near capacity when classes begin. At the campus in which this study was conducted, many of the newest residence halls have special programmatic opportunities. A seamless learning environment may be created in a residence hall in the form of themed housing, such as a living learning community (Inkelas, et al., 2006). These communities can integrate curricular and co-curricular student experiences and help remove the division between work and play. One type of living and learning environment is the honors residence hall and corresponding honors program. This study is focused on the effects a new residence hall complex had on the number of honors program students choosing to live on campus at a large, midwestern state university. The overall attractiveness of on-campus housing for honors students will be investigated through historical residential participation data. Honors program growth will be discussed along with the programmatic issues resulting from this type of configuration. BACKGROUND The description of an honors program offered by Stewart (1980) largely mirrors that of the current state of the honors program in this study: offerings of specialized instruction, a more intimate classroom setting, enhanced student/ faculty interaction, and co-curricular activities. Opportunities exist for studying abroad as well as engaging in individual research endeavors such as a senior thesis. This honors program first began in 1933 and in 1965 was transformed into a separate college. The program has been housed in many locations, most recently in a three-building complex on the periphery of the campus. …


This paper examines portfolio theory underpinnings of the familiar IS and LM model to discover a common ground to determine the differences separating the monetarist and income-expenditure approaches. It is emphasized that the LM curve represents portfolio balance conditions rather than full wealth equilibrium. From the general model, the conventional IS-LM equations correspond to a special case of dynamic wealth adjustment where government bond are fully perceived as net wealth by the private sector. In contrast, when they are not perceived as net wealth, the model reduces to one with purely monetarist conclusions. Finally, a simplified treatment of IS-LM equilibrium in an accumulating economy is presented.


A new web-based geo-information service approach with digital measurable image (DMI) from direct dereference system is proposed to construct the geo information infrastructures for the web service on web 2.0 ear. Firstly, the requirements of geo-spatial information are described facing to the next generation of internet and Web 2.0. The geo information service technique architecture and its requirement is designed for the new web service mode which different to the traditional web GIS architecture. Ajax, SVG, GML and grid technique together with web service development is proposed to make the geo information visible, measurable and minable via internet. And the requirements of geo information data are summarized with the measurable geo-referenced images from land based mobile mapping system. A new concept of digital measurable images is proposed for the geo information service. Secondly, the related technique for data acquisition, organization and management for DMI is proposed. Land based mobile mapping system with over than 8 cameras and DGPS/IMU integrated sensors is designed to collect the DMI for the geo information service. Data collection procedure and related quality control methods are designed to obtain high quality DMI. A unique geo coding algorithm is proposed to handle huge volume DMI images via internet with a query response within 0.2 second. The unified database integrated DMI with existing 4D products (DEM/DOM/DLG/DRG) are described. Based on these techniques a new geospatial information service system-DMI based location based service is set up to improve the quality of geo information service. The geo information service with DMI can obtain a direct and fast visualization with the geo spatial data which is different to the traditional 3D model construction to realize visualization toward a direct virtual reality. Finally, the appliatability of DMI based geoinformation service system is briefly discussed for business to business and business to customs service. A prototype is developed to verify the new approach on the web 2.0. * firstname.lastname@example.com 0086-13407142833


All laws entitle people to claim for their rights. That can be done under a litigation system. That can be done through filing a lawsuit and providing a proof in accordance with the provisions of the law. Under the Jordanian legislations, there are several types of proofs; (written documents, testimony, physical proof, confession, oath and expertise).Thus, taking the oath is one of the types of proofs under the Jordanian legislations. The oath is taken for settling conflicts between the disputed parties. The Arab legislations – including the Jordanian legislations- are derived from the Islamic jurisprudence and Shariah. For instance, it's not permitted -under the Arab legislations- to request people to take a conclusive oath that is not conjoined with the word "Allah". If the oath is not conjoined with the word "Allah", the oath shall not be considered admissible nor binding. Hence, the present study aimed to shed a light on the legitimacy of requesting "non-Ketabi" people - (i.e. the ones who aren't Muslim, Christian nor Jewish)- to take a conclusive oath that's not conjoined with the word "Allah". The present study also aimed to identify whether such an oath is considered binding or not. It also aimed to identify the legal implications derived from taking such an oath. It adopts an analytical inductive approach. The researcher reviewed the opinions of several Islamic jurists. Keywords: Conclusive Oath, Supplementary Oath. Believers in Allah, Non-Believers in Allah. DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/85-17 Publication date :May 31 st 2019


Fermented livestock feed using lactic acid bacterial and yeast and its manufacturing method are provided to enable environmentally-friendly livestock farming without using antibiotics or growth-promoting agents. A fermented livestock feed composition using lactic acid bacterial and yeast is manufactured by the steps of: (i) inoculating at least one selected from Lactobacillus fermentum JS(KCCM 10499), Pichia kluyveri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae into a culture medium; and (ii) fermenting at 35~50°C for 24~72hr. In the step (i), the culture medium comprises 60~80% of spent substrate from mushroom cultivation, 5~20% of rice bran, 3~10% of soybean bran and 2~10% of sesame dregs, based on the total weight of the culture medium. The culture medium further comprises 5~35% of molasses or 3~12% of dextrose. Fermented livestock feed is obtained by mixing 35~65% of the feed composition, 5~25% of crushed corn, 10~30% of wheat bran, 5~30% of gluten feed, 4~15% of molasses, 5~10% of dextrose, 0.2~1.5% of phosphoric acid, 0.3~2.5% of calcium, 0.1~0.5% of vitamin complex, 0.5~3% of limestone and 0.1~1% of salt, and then fermenting the mixture.


ABSTRACT The damage of tunnel induced by intense earthquake is obviously important. Thus, more attention has been paid to the tunnel destruction induced by earthquake. So far, there are few studies conducted on the influence of earthquake dynamic loads on horizontal twin tunnels. In this research, a systematic analysis of horizontal twin tunnels of Cairo Metro Line No. 4 was performed using finite element model by the commercial software PLAXIS 2D and under static and earthquake dynamic loads using the Dahsour Earthquake 1992 time real history. Both static and dynamic analyses in this research have taken into account the effect of the soil structure interaction on the static and dynamic performance of horizontal twin tunnels. Also, a parametric study had been performed on the horizontal twin tunnels of Cairo Metro Line No. 4 under different parameters, which included the tunnel's depth (d), the distance between twin tunnels (S), and the surrounding soil stiffness (E). Results showed that both static and dynamic analysis are expected to be governed by soil structure interaction. Also, the studied parameters are very important in tunnel design under static and dynamic loads, especially the distance between twin tunnel, where these types of twin tunnels were excavated by TBM machine.


The objective of the present invention is, in order to resolve the described problem, to provide: a method for identifying the status of a mobile robot by estimating three-dimensional angle data using data collected from a gyro sensor and an acceleration sensor and for identifying the posture and operation status of the mobile robot using the estimated posture and operation status; and a mobile robot capable of identifying the status using the same. According to a desirable embodiment of the present invention, the method for identifying the status of a mobile robot may include: an acquisition step of acquiring the three-dimensional angle of the mobile robot by estimating the three-dimensional angle of the mobile robot using data collected from a gyro sensor connected to the mobile robot and filtering the estimated three-dimensional angle using data collected from an acceleration sensor connected to the mobile robot; and an identification step of identifying the status of the mobile robot using the acquired three-dimensional angle of the mobile robot.


A 97% esterified pectin was saponified to about the same degree of esterification of 50% by HCI, NaOH, and orange pectin esterase, respectively. The three partially saponified pectins were fractionated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose columns. The pectins saponified by HC1 and NaOH were largely homogeneous, but the pectin saponified by enzyme could be separated into large fractions of very different degrees of esterification. Orange pectin esterase seems to de-esterify adjacent COOCH, groups of a macromolecule by a single-chain mechanism.


In this paper, a static network distance algorithm and a node service capability evaluation algorithm are proposed based on the distribution of remote IP images to solve the rate issues and uneven load influence on the network when multi-user batch downloading remote sensing image data. First of all, according to the network IP address distribution features, get the optimal download sequence based on distance, again according to the nodes of the network bandwidth, CPU and storage capacity get node's service ability and assigns corresponding task. In the case of network produces a large number of concurrent access, this method can effectively improve the efficiency of remote sensing image data transmission, achieve the load balancing of data distribution network and improve the quality of network service.


Palm wine, known as tuak in Indonesia, is a traditional alcoholic beverage in Tapanuli region, North Sumatera that is made by fermenting the sugary sap of sugar palm tree (Arenga pinnata) and the bark of tree called raru (Vatica pauciflora Blume). In this study, we screened 4 bacterial strains from palm wine, and found that T2 strain showed potential fibrinolytic activity. Several steps of purification were conducted including enzyme production, precipitation, dialysis, concentration, and fractionation using anion exchange chromatography. Purified enzyme was characterized for its molecular weight and fibrinolytic action using SDS-PAGE, zymography, plate fibrin, and fibrin hydrolysis assays. Purified enzyme had low molecular weight (26-28 kDa) and possessed dual direct-acting fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities. These results suggested that palm wine microbial fibrinolytic enzyme may act as plasmin-like activity for orally application in prevention and treatment of thrombosis.


In this letter, Heidelberger commented on a mathematical theory for calculating the rate, or velocity, of antigen-antibody
 reactions proposed by the biophysicist Max Delbruck. Heidelberger pointed out that such a theory would have to account for
 the different stages and other complexities of antibody-antigen reactions.


Carbon nano-onions (CNO) are multi-shell fullerenes. In the present work, we used fully atomistic reactive (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics simulations to study the dynamics and structural transformations of CNO structures under high-velocity impacts against a fixed and rigid substrate. We considered single and multi-shell CNO (up to six shells) and at different impact velocities (from 2 up to 7 Km/s). Our results indicated three regimes formed after the CNO impact: slightly deformed CNO (quasi-elastic collision, below 2.0 Km/s), collapsed CNO (inelastic collisions, between 3.0 and 5.0 Km/s) forming a diamondoid-like core, and fragmented CNO yielding linear atomic carbon chains (above 5.0 Km/s). We also discussed the dynamical reconfiguration of carbon-carbon bonds during the collision process. The impact of CNO against the substrate yielded sp3-like bond types for all the used initial velocities. At intermediate velocities (between 3.0 and 5.0 Km/s), the inelastic collision forms diamondoid-like cores by converting a substantial quantity of sp2 bonds into sp3 ones. In the high velocities regime, the total number of sp1, sp2, and sp3 bonds tend to be similar. *Corresponding author. E-mail: email@example.com (Luiz Antônio Ribeiro Júnior). Tel: +55 61 31077700. Preprint submitted to Elsevier September 15, 2021 ar X iv :2 10 9. 06 83 4v 1 [ co nd -m at .m tr lsc i] 1 4 Se p 20 21


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the Huangqi extract in Changbai mountain on the content of muscle glycogen and serum creatinine in postexercise mice to study the mechanism of the Huangqi for anti-fatigue. METHODS The Kunming 40 mice were randomly divided into control,large,medium and small dose groups of the Huangqi extract,and the experiment groups were administrated by oral with 0.4,0.2,0.1 g/kg dose of the Huangqi extract for 21 days and the control group was administrated with distilled water. The content of gastrocnemius glycogen and serum creatinine was detected after forced swimming for 40 minutes at the 22 day. RESULTS The content of gastrocnemius glycogen in experiment group increased significantly,and the level of serum creatinine in experiment group was significantly depressed as compared with control group. CONCLUSION The Huangqi extract in Changbai mountain may be participated in the process of anti-fatigue via increasing muscle glycogen store and slowing down the metabolism of creatine phosphate.


Plant is one of the most important forms of life on earth. Plant recognition is very demanding in biology and agriculture as new plant discovery and the computerization of the management of plant species become more popular. The recognition is a process resulting in the assignment of each individual plant to a descending series of related plants in terms of their common characteristics. The process is very timeconsuming as it has been mainly carried out by botanists. Computer-aided plant recognition is still very challenging task in computer vision as the lack of proper models or representation schemes, a large number of variations of the plant species, and imprecise image pre-processing techniques, such as edge detection and contour extraction. The focus of computerized living plant recognition is on stable feature's extraction of plants. The information of leaf veins, therefore, play an important role in identifying living plants. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a system where a user in the field can take a picture of an unknown plant, feed it to the system carried on a portable computer, and have the system classify the species and display sample images of the closest matches within a couple of seconds.


The development of tests for measuring speech reception in the hearing impaired is reviewed. The rationale for a new closed-response-set nonsensesyllable test is presented followed by a description of the test. Preliminary normative and comparative data for this Nonsense Syllable Test are reported. Current work on the development of related tests for young, profoundly deaf children, and measuring reception of the prosodic features of speech is also described.


The frequency-dependent issues and instrumentation requirement for FBG sensors necessitate the identification of the sensitivity of the cantilever FBG accelerometer using machine learning. As result, this article presents a cascade-forward backpropagation (CFB) neural network with an orthogonally-phase chirp signal with a range of constant forcing frequency and steadily increasing base acceleration amplitude as its input. This input/output data set was numerically calculated by integrating modal model and Euler-Bernoulli beam approach (FBG-MM). The maximum amplitude of the base acceleration was 200 m/s2 and the forcing frequencies and location of the FBG sensor mounted on the beam measured from the fixed end were 1 to 90 Hz and 0.03 m, respectively. The trained CFB predicted the wavelength shift very well, but it was restricted to one-half of the forcing frequencies of those used in the CFB training process, whereas the base acceleration is not an important element in determining the sensitivity of the FBG accelerometer. In terms of the FBG sensor's location on the beam, considering a few positions will greatly expand the CFB's capabilities. Future work will include the use of the trained CFB as  "black-box sensitivity" for actual acceleration measurement, as well as the use of empirical data to replace the numerical FBG-MM as the input/output training data set.


FIELD: gas-turbine engines. SUBSTANCE: combustion chamber has primary, secondary and tertiary combustion zones relative to direction of flow, secondary mixing passage and tertiary mixing passage. Area of cross section of secondary and tertiary mixing passages from their intake devices to exhaust holes to create accelerated flow through mixing passages and to avoid recirculation zones. Fuel injectors have fuel discharge orifices below any recirculation zones which are likely to be formed at intake devices. Fuel injectors pass through main section of passages to efficiently divide passages in part of their length. Sections of fuel injectors located inside passages have form of racing tracks in cross section; sections located beyond passages have form of wing profile in cross section. Sizes of fuel injectors reduce in transversal direction in width of passages. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.


We present an approach to static and dynamical properties of holes and spins in weakly doped antiferromagnets in two dimensions. The calculations are based on a recently introduced cumulant approach to ground{endash}state properties of correlated electronic systems. The present method allows us to evaluate hole and spin-wave dispersion relations by considering hole or spin excitations of the ground state. Usually, these dispersions are found from time-dependent correlation functions. To demonstrate the ability of the approach we first derive the dispersion relation for the lowest single hole excitation at half-filling. However, the main purpose of this paper is to focus on the mutual influence of mobile holes and spin waves in the weakly doped system. It is shown that low-energy spin excitations strongly admix to the ground state. The coupling of spin waves and holes leads to a strong suppression of the staggered magnetization which cannot be explained by a simple rigid-band picture for the hole quasiparticles. Also the experimentally observed doping dependence of the spin-wave excitation energies can be understood within our formalism. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Remember the name: Melanie Davies, RCN Nurse of the Year 2017 and a truly extraordinary woman. She has transformed care for people with learning disabilities on her ward, driven through changes across her hospital and health board in south Wales, and inspired others to follow suit across the country.


This paper addresses active vibration control of adaptive structures using piezoelectric active structural elements with built-in sensing and actuation function. Optimal placement and feedback gain of these active members are important issues, which are discussed in this study. An efficient optimal placement strategy has been developed using minimum control energy dissipating over infinite time interval. Optimal location of active members has been found through minimization of total control energy dissipating over infinite time interval using Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. Moreover, the effect of structural randomness and random load in optimal feedback gain has been investigated. To accomplish this, a mathematical model with reliability constraints on the stress and displacement is developed and the optimal velocity feedback gain of active members, using probabilistic optimization technique, is obtained. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology. It is shown that deterministic approach can not provide reliable optimum design values.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Evaluation of the effectiveness of microsurgical autotransplantation of a fragment of the fibula in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the forearm in children with neurofibromatosis. We conducted a literature review of scientific articles based on the Pubmed and Google Scholar search for the period from 2005 to 2020 regarding the results of surgical treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the forearm in children with neurofibromatosis by using microsurgical autotransplantation of a fragment of the fibula into the position of the forearm bone defect. We also presented a clinical case of treatment of an 8-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis, who had bilateral damage to the forearm bones with the formation of pseudoarthrosis of the ulna. She was consistently treated with the pseudarthrosis of the forearm bones using microsurgical techniques. At the preoperative stage, a comprehensive examination was performed: an objective examination; anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the forearms; computed tomography of the forearms; electroneuromyography of the forearms. According to the results of the performed surgical treatment of the patient, consolidation of the pseudarthrosis of the ulna on both sides was achieved; the average consolidation time was about 8 months. The mean long-term follow-up period was 4 years. After the treatment, the patient had no functional limitations on the part of the upper extremities; there were no limitations in self-care and social adaptation. The use of microsurgical autoplasty with a fragment of the fibula in the position of pseudarthrosis of the forearm bones in children with neurofibromatosis has a high frequency of consolidation, and the use of this method makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment of this pathology and reduce the incidence of complications and adverse outcomes.


a week. In both programs, the data were assessed every three months and treated by repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results and conclusion: The results suggested the exer- cise programs elicited positive effects, mainly in body com- position and fat regional distribution. The repercussions on blood pressure, despite the fact of being statistically identified, seemed to be less consistent. There were not meaningful effects over the blood biochemical profile. The authors concluded that non-formal exercise programs can be related to favorable changes in overall condition of hy- pertensive patients, but their potential to elicit more spe- cific changes should be better studied in the future. ABSTRACT Background and purposes: Physical activity is accept- ed as a complementary strategy in the hypertension treat- ment. However, few studies were concerned with the ef- fects of exercise programs which encourage a less strict training control, especially non-supervised programs. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two non-for- mal exercise programs on the blood pressure ( BP), physi- cal fitness and biochemical blood profile in hypertensive adults. Methods: Two groups were observed during 18 months: a) 29 subjects engaged in a domestic program (CLINEX) (age: 53 ± 11 yr); b) 42 subjects practicing calis- thenics in a community program (NPRC) (age: 62 ± 9 yr). The following variables were assessed: BP, body weight, body fat percent, body mass index, sum of skin folds, waist- hip ratio, cardiorespiratory capacity, and biochemical vari- ables (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, plasma triglycerides, and blood glucose). The domestic program consisted in home- based programmed activities (walking and stretching ex- ercises), held three times/week. The subjects were specifi- cally trained for controlling the intensity and duration of the exercise, and filled an individual chart which was peri- odically delivered to the research group. The community program proposed hospital-based calisthenics and aerobic activities ministered by exercise specialists, also three times


Forward scattering radar has been widely used to classify human movements. To reduce concern of prolonged radiation exposure, Wi-Fi based passive scattering radar with bistatic topology is proposed. The movements include walking, bending, sitting, and kneeling. The enveloping algorithm applied to Wi-Fi based passive forward scattering radar signals has produced a comparable pattern to the ones from the active configuration. The features extracted from the frequency spectrum are also similar for both radar topologies. These led to comparable performance when classifying using artificial neural network. Hence, Wi-Fi can effectively reduce the cost of radar sensors.


Protein structural biology aims to link snapshots of three-dimensional macromolecular structures to their biological function. The high-resolution information that is obtained traditionally by x-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is instrumental for understanding their functional properties, their biological roles, and their potential roles in diseases ("function follows form"). Yet, proteins are not rigid and/or static entities: their dynamics and flexibility are essential for proper functioning and molecular movement, which is an important aspect of living matter. Many proteins even completely lack a well-defined 3D-structure under physiological conditions, the so-called intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Up to 35% of human proteins are predicted to possess intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of at least 30 consecutive disordered residues, that play important roles in cell signaling and regulation (Guharoy et al., 2015) ("flexibility facilitates function"). Therefore, this research topic covers the impact of the study of protein flexibility on the structural biology field.

The articles in this e-book feature plenty of examples where protein flexibility controls protein functionality. In their fascinating Perspective, Kern and colleagues provide an excellent overview of our actual mechanistic insights of how the anticancer drug Gleevec selectively inhibits the Abl kinase (Agafonov et al.). Their work showcases how rigorous kinetic and structural analysis yields definitive conclusions that selectivity is a function of a conformational change after binding (induced-fit) and the resulting slow dissociation rate of Gleevec from the Abl kinase, whereby the flexibility in the famous and highly conserved DFG-loop plays an important role (Agafonov et al., 2014; Wilson et al., 2015). By reconstructing the evolution of the energy landscape of kinases through the synergy of "old-fashioned" stopped-flow kinetics and "modern" ancestral sequence reconstruction, they advocate for the combined use of experimental studies and molecular dynamics approaches to find effective and selective kinase inhibitors.

The benign role of protein flexibility is also nicely illustrated in the review by Gontero and colleagues who demonstrate the central and multiple functionality of C- and N-terminal intrinsically disordered tails of globular proteins in photosynthetic organisms (Thieulin-Pardo et al.). They exemplify that protein flexibility at the N- and C-terminal extremities accounts for an increased number of binding partners and how new roles may emerge by the evolutionary addition of an intrinsically disordered extension. Indeed, often IDRs play a role in molecular recognition and binding events, whereby they can undergo a folding transition induced by the partner protein ("form follows function"). By a large scale thermodynamic assessment of mostly binary protein-protein interactions of ordered-ordered and ordered-disordered protein complexes, Kragelund and colleagues help shedding light on the debated role of kinetics and thermodynamics in the binding properties of IDPs (Teilum et al.). Through this capacity for interaction with other molecules, protein flexibility can also be linked to disease (Hubin et al., 2014; Uversky, 2014; Guharoy et al., 2015). Fraternalli and colleagues studied the localization of common and disease-related mutations within (dis)ordered protein regions (Lu et al.). They highlight that intra-domain ordered and intra-domain disordered regions show high propensity for disease-related mutations, while inter-domain disordered regions are enriched in common variants. Their analysis offers interesting perspectives for the further development of the field of protein flexibility and disorder. It also supports the fact that, in the field of IDPs, computational approaches play a major role. As such, Craveur et al. show that the concept of structural alphabets is suitable to analyze the dynamics and flexibility of proteins. In their comprehensive review they advocate that structural alphabets are required to begin to understand the complexity of protein flexibility by discriminating flexibility from mobility and deformability.

The IDP field is also one of the few areas in structural and molecular biology where the experiments provide support to computations to achieve an accurate understanding of the conformational properties of these complex proteins. Varadi et al. review the current characterizations of IDPs by combining computations and experiments. The mini-review identifies key developments in the field, including the employment of experimental data into structural refinement in search of the functional repertoire of IDPs. With regard to wet-lab experimental approaches, several emerging techniques allow to overcome some of the technical problems of studying IDPs and to obtain essential information on protein dynamics. In their original research paper, Barran and collaborators exemplify the potential of ion-mobility mass spectrometry to track conformational changes in unstructured proteins on a millisecond timescale (Dickinson et al.). They characterize the effect of two small molecule compounds RITA and nutlin-3 on their IDP targets with a multi-technique approach. The minireview by Belle and coworkers showcases the power of site-directed spin labeling with electron paramagnetic resonance to investigate flexible regions and fuzziness in proteins (Le Breton et al.). The information obtained by NMR can generate conformational ensembles that visualize the conformations that IDPs sample under functional conditions. Because protein disorder can be evaluated at the residue level with NMR, Nielsen and Mulder compiled a small database of disorder-containing proteins using experimental NMR chemical shift data in their original research paper that is felicitously entitled "There is Diversity in Disorder – 'In all Chaos there is a Cosmos, in all Disorder a Secret Order"'. They demonstrate that those proteins span the full spectrum of disorder, yet segregate into two classes: proteins mostly disordered but with small segments of order scattered along the sequence, or structured proteins with small segments of disorder inserted between the different structured regions. This study is also illustrative for the concept of "form and function follow (NMR) frequency."

Recently the D3-concept was introduced for IDPs by revealing the interconnections between protein intrinsic Disorder and Degenerative Diseases (Uversky, 2014). In analogy, it is opportune to introduce the F3-concept for flexible proteins, since "Function Follows Flexibility." Whereas in the past intrinsic disorder could cause frustration because IDRs were considered frivolous and flamboyant, their flirtatious behavior flaunted formidable features. We hope this e-book can stimulate the research community to finally stop fumbling for the fugacious forms of flexible proteins and bring their functional framing to fruition.


Nowadays, several studies on 3D medical image registration are being investigated. The main purpose of these studies is to integrate complimentary information provided by different modalities. This paper describes a newly developed registration method of ultrasound echography to 3D medical image. The registration process consists of two stages. In the first stage, a registration process of the ultrasound echography to the pre- operative 3D images is performed using a position sensor. This is a rigid transformation, which can't provide a perfect match because the intra-operative organ is deformed or moved. The second step is a local matching process, where the current position of the ultrasound echography is approximated with a search-based surface matching algorithm. We used the 3D chamfer matching for this approximation. In this method, a goodness-of- match function, i.e., generalized distance, that rates the geometrical transformation is computed and minimized. In a preliminary experiment, the search-based matching process was examined. The algorithm and its accuracy were evaluated with an artificial transformed set of coordinates given as the initial guess. We also performed a clinical application and results confirmed the suitability of this method to clinical use.


We study the moduli spaces of rational curves on prime Fano threefolds of index 1. For general threefolds of most genera we compute the dimension and the number of irreducible components of these moduli spaces. Our results confirm Geometric Manin's Conjecture in these examples and show the enumerativity of certain Gromov-Witten invariants.


The aim of this research was to investigate the role of parents in motivating, supervising, and guiding their children to improve their learning in English in SMPN 1 Kota Bengkulu. The role of parent divide in three points (the roles of parents in motivating), (the roles of parents in Supervising), (the roles of parents in guiding). The population of this research was all the 118 parent of that their children in bilingual class of the students in SMPN 1 Kota Bengkulu,. The sample of this research was the 25% of the entire population , which were 52 parent of the students. This research used questionnaires as its instrument. The data processed by using Linker scale, percentage, interval class, and weighted mean. The first, of the general results of the roles of parent's analysis were as follow: first, concerning with the general parents role in motivating, the result showed that 35 % (from 52 parents) had often classification. The role of parents in supervising, the result showed that 33 % (from 52 parents) had often classification and, the roles of parents in Guiding, the result showed that 32 % (from 52 parents) had often classification role in guiding their children. Second, concerning with the overall the roles of the parent in motivating, supervising, and guiding their children to improve their learning in English had positive role. The assumption was based on the weighted mean score of the analysis, which was 3.80. Therefore, it may be concluded that the parents of the students in SMPN 1 Kota Bengkulu generally, they are motivating their children to improve their learning in English.


I present a theoretical model to investigate the transport properties of granular materials on an inclined vibratory conveyor driven by circular oscillations. My model treats the granular dynamics on a vibratory conveyor as a combination of sliding and oblique hopping of a granular block with specific inelastic and frictional properties. The calculations show optimal transport conditions for the transport velocity efficiency, with an extra transport velocity efficiency minimum when the inclination of the vibratory conveyor is non zero. The investigations also show a current reversal under a certain inclination angle which does depend on the friction force. Keywords— Granular matter, vibratory conveyors, transport velocity efficiency, current reversal, optimal transport conditions.


Power amplifiers (PAs) are usually the largest consumer of power in the transmitter . Therefore , designing a high efficiency RF power amplifier might be the best solution to cope with the problem of battery lifetime limitations in portable RFID code reader . I n this paper, the designed circuit in Agilent ADS software is implemented using 0.18 μm RFCMOS technology at 3.3 v supply voltage . The measured results indicate that power added efficiency,out put power and power gain of the proposed class AB power amplifier at frequency of 2.4GHz are 35% , 30 dBm and 28dBm.


Orbital-free density functional theory (OFDFT) replaces the wavefunction in the kinetic energy by an explicit energy functional and thereby speeds up significantly the calculation of ground state properties of the solid state systems. So far, the application of OFDFT has been centered on closed systems and less attention is paid on the transport properties in open systems. In this paper, we use OFDFT and combine it with non-equilibrium Green's function to simulate equilibrium electronic transport properties in silicon nanostructures from first principles. In particular, we study ac transport properties of a silicon atomic junction consisting of a silicon atomic chain and two monoatomic leads. We have calculated the dynamic conductance of this atomic junction as a function of ac frequency with one to four silicon atoms in the central scattering region. Although the system is transmissive with dc conductance around 4 to 5 e2/h, capacitive-like behavior was found in the finite frequency regime. Our analysis ...


Base on the experimental data of batch fermentation in 5 L fermentation reactor, the batch fementation kinetics for Conjugated linoleic acid by Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated, and a series kinetics models were put forward based on the Logitics equation for microorganism growth, conjugated linoleic acid formation and substrate consumption.The experiment data was processed with the Origin 6.1software, the batch fementation kinetics model parameter was obtained.The result showed that the model and the experiment data fit well, and the model appeared to provide a reasonable description for the batch fementation process.


A graphite-absent sequence of quartzite and schist on the north flank of the Picuris Range in north-central New Mexico provides a natural laboratory to test the thesis of Bruton and Helgeson that fluid pressure (P) is the efective pressure on solid phases during metamorphism. We have studied the Hondo Canyon and Section 8 areas of this range in detail. The presence of kyanite reacting to sillimanite in Ortega Formation quartzites and of andalusite reacting to sillimanite in neighboring Rinconada Formation schists may be explained by an effective pressure difference of 200 + 100 bars between the two units. Composition, redox, T, and P. (rock pressure) can all be ruled out as controlling factors, leaving a difference in P, as the most likely cause of the differences in the mineral assemblages. The presence ofchloritoid + kyanite in the Ortega quartzite and staurolite in the adjacent jacent Rinconada schists can best be explained by bulk compositional effects. The schists have a higher bulk ratio of Mg/(Mg + Fe) than the quartzites, which allows staurolite and biotite to be stable at lower temperatures relative to chloritoid and muscovite than in the quartzites. In the absence ofchloritoid, staurolite has higher R2* and lower H content than would be expected in the quartzites. The concurrent reduction of tetrahedral vacancies reduces the activity ofstaurolite relative to the reaction chloritoid + kyanite : staurolite + quartz + fluid and stabilizes staurolite in the Rinconada schists. This reaction has a steep P-Z slope that permits but does not require differences in P, between the two units at constant f. A difference in P, of 200 + I 00 bars between the two rock types can best be explained by a contrast of permeability between the quartzites and mica schists, because the preferred orientation of minerals and planar grain boundaries in the micaceous rocks favor greater and more rapid fluid flow. P, builds up to values closer to lithostatic pressure in the quartzites than in the mica-rich rocks. In fluid-present systems during lowand mediumgrade metamorphism generally, the effective pressure on solid minerals appears to be fluid pressure rather than rock pressure.


I t has been over a decade since the introduction of the word proteomics (1), and some suggest that the last 10 years has seen us fall way short of delivering on its potential. Others claim that too much was promised and expected in the first place. It is therefore timely to examine what has been delivered and perhaps to redefine the promise of proteomics and related omic strategies. It is also a good opportunity to assess the important elements of omics submissions that might be published in journals such as Experimental Biology and Medicine. Most life scientists operate in an environment where data are hard to come by. They have been trained to construct focused, falsifiable hypotheses, to test one or a couple of variables at a time, and in this manner to incrementally advance our knowledge of a specific issue. By contrast, omic techniques offer the potential to interrogate thousands of independent variables in a single study, and thereby promise expedited approaches to advancing biomarker discovery, identifying novel drug targets, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of health and disease. But are we applying these methods appropriately, or are we simply enamored with these tools to the point where we have lost sight of the biologic imperative underlying the work? Have we equated the acquisition of massive data sets with the practice of science believing that biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and mechanistic insights would flow from these studies like water from a fountain? Our scientific colleagues in other disciplines would attest to the fact that observation and measurement are major components of the scientific process but that data acquisition does not equate to knowledge acquisition. After all, people have been ''looking'' at thousands of variables for centuries (including biologists, astronomers, and geologists), but precious few have been blessed with the insight to advance novel, falsifiable hypotheses, test them, and then repeat and refine the process. To my mind, the most critical issues as they relate to the application of the omics methods in experimental biology and medicine can be summarized in a few key points.


This essay argues that important critical and political perspective can be gained on Deleuze's famous essay, 'Bartleby; or, The Formula' by viewing it as an attempt to move beyond the Sartrean framework of 'bad faith'. The argument comprises four sections. In section one, I contextualise Deleuze's essay in terms of contrasting readings of Bartleby, from a prior account by Georges Perec, to contemporary accounts indebted to Deleuze, from Hardt and Negri's Empire to Gisele Berkman's recent L'Effet Bartleby. The argument of this section is that a problematically reductive image of Bartleby has emerged in the wake of Deleuze's essay, but that this can be challenged in favour of a more nuanced and politically significant reading by contextualising the essay as an attempt to overcome bad faith. In section two, I develop this by drawing out the nature and relevance of the threat posed by bad faith through a focus on Sartrean, Deleuzian and Badioucan critiques of Bartleby, before arguing, in section three, that a...


Aspects related to the morphology and distribution of Bulimulus corneus Sowerby, 1833 in Nicaragua are presented. Regarding morphology, a complete redescription of the shell and the first description of the genitalia are included. The number of records have been largelly increased; from three localities mentioned in the literature to 53. The previous figu-res have allowed us to draw a preliminary distribution map of the species in Nicaragua, and discuss the presence of the closely related species Bulimulus unicolor Sowerby, 1833 in the country.


There are two different ways of describing dyasmicel systems: (i) by means of state variables and (ii) by input/output relations. The first method may be regarded as an axiomatization of Newton's laws of mechanics and is taken to be the basic definition of a system. It is then shown (in the linear case) that the input/output relations determine only one part of a system, that which is completely observable and completely eontrollable. Using the theory of controllability and observability, methods are given for calculating irreducible realizations of a given impulse-response matrix. In particular, an explicit procedure is given to determine the minimal number of state variables necessary to realize a given transfer-function matrix. Difficulties arising from the use or reducible realizations are dlaeussed briefly.


Many numerical models for simulating freezing and thawing phenomena of soil have been developed due to emerging geotechnical issues in cold regions. In particular, coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) analysis is used to evaluate complicated deformation, thermal, and moisture transport behavior of freezing–thawing soils. This study proposes a soil‐freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) that is robust and adaptive with various computational frameworks, including the THM approach. The proposed SFCC can also account for different soil types by incorporating the particle size distribution. Here an automatic regression scheme is adopted to update the SFCC associated with deformation and thermal changes. In addition, a smoothing algorithm is adopted to prevent a sharp change of the SFCC due to phase transition between the liquid water and crystal ice. Based on experimental works in the literature, the applicability of our model is demonstrated when the initial water contents and soil particle distribution differ. We further investigate the performance of the proposed SFCC as a constitutive model within a simplified THM framework. Our results show that the proposed model captures the desired behavior of different soil types in the freezing process, such as freezing temperature depreciation, the effect of compaction, and mechanical loading on unfrozen water content.


Like chemical processes in general, microbial processes can be operated in several modes. FIGURE I shows the profile of the culture broth volume in a bioreactor with respect to elapsed time for various modes. Batch and continuous cultures are so routinely practiced that their explanation is unnecessary. Fed-batch is defined, in the broadest sense, as an operational mode of a microbial process in which one or more nutrients are supplied to a bioreactor during the cultivation, but the culture broth is not withdrawn until the end of the run. The culture volume increases to a greater or lesser degree by the feed of nutrient solution. When a portion of a fed-batch culture is withdrawn at intervals and the residual culture is used as inoculum for a subsequent fed-batch culture, the whole system of operation is called repeated fed-batch culture. A similar mode of repetition of batch culture is a repeated batch. The basic advantage of fed-batch microbial process is that the concentrations of nutrients fed into the culture liquid of the bioreactor can be controlled voluntarily by changing the feed rate. Because of this merit, the fed-batch techniques have been successfully applied to various industrial microbial processes. A number of papers have been published on this operational mode. Most published work up to 1983 is discussed in our recent review article;' however, some interesting papers concerning fed-batch cultures have appeared since then. Webster proposed the fed-batch culture as an alternative technique to the traditional chemostat and batch cultures for measuring microbial growth rates2 Staniskis and Levisauskas discussed the implementation of adaptive control for a fed-batch culture in order to maximize the output of product based on a self-adjusting model.' Fields and Slater investigated the influence of methanol dispersion and fluid mixing on respiratory patterns observed during unlimited fed-batch growth of a methylotroph in a 28.9-liter air-lift fermenter having a draft tube.4 Hong et a[.' developed an on-line control of sugar feeding by measuring the oxygen uptake rate for glutamic acid fermentation. Several papers have been reported on conversion of biomass to ethanolbs and acetone-butanol' in fed-batch cultures. Fed-batch culture can be classified broadly into ( 1 ) those processes without feedback control and (2) those with automatic feedback control (FIG. 2). Initially, rather simple feeding modes without feedback control were commonly used. Recent technical innovations for measurement and control in biotechnology have made possible more advanced feeding modes with automatic feedback control. In this paper, the authors report on the automatic supplementation of mineral ions in fed-batch culture to achieve high cell mass concentration" and high cell mass productivity of


Terahertz waves have unique penetrability, safety, spectral resolution, and many other useful properties. Therefore, terahertz waves are widely employed in medical treatment, detection, imaging, security, and spectroscopy. They also possess great development prospects in photoconductive antennas (PCAs) for telecommunication and other devices. However, terahertz PCAs are still limited by the weak photocurrents and small light absorption rates, making the development of PCAs with improved conversion efficiencies highly desirable. In this study, a new type of plasmonic PCAs with high photoelectric conversion efficiency was proposed. The interaction between the 800 nm fs laser and staggered nanorods was studied by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The geometric parameters of the nanorods arrays were optimized. Compared to conventional photoconductive antennas without nanostructures, the PCAs with optimized nano-plasmonic structure I showed threefold higher electric field radiations under 800 nm fs laser irradiation. Optimized plasmonic nanostructure II increases photocurrent up to 335.553 nA that indicates 10 times enhancement in comparison with conventional structure. Hence, the developed structures greatly enhanced the light absorption of the photosensitive layer based on low-temperature-grown gallium arsenide. In sum, the proposed staggered hexagonal plasmonic structures (structure II) could effectively improve the light-terahertz conversion efficiencies of PCAs.


The invention provides a multilevel stream table priority adjustment method. The method particularly includes implementation steps: firstly, an openflow switch packages matching conditions of stream tables into information, and a controller inquires the statistics information; according to the statistics information, the controller modifies priority of the existing stream tables through a rule base and updates the stream tables of the switch to enable the stream tables of the switch to match with matching information of existing data packets. Compared with the prior art, the multilevel stream table priority adjustment method has the advantages that configuration flexibility of stream table matching domains is effectively improved, stream table matching speed is increased, efficiency of data packet transmission based on stream tables is improved, and high practicality and easiness in popularization are realized.


With the deeply reform and implementation of aerobics teaching,Based on the importance of traditional teaching methods to improve the efficiency,strengthening of the aerobics teaching of interdisciplinary research become an important way to enhance the quality of aerobics teaching.As the important way of improving students' aerobics ability,high school aerobics teaching is in a very important position in whole physical education teaching.


The call of going home,going home has always been heard since the publication of Book of Songs.From the beginning of 3rd century A.D.to the end of 6th century of Wei Jin Dynasties,the poignant homesickness came to become more flooding and intense,which is closely related to the turbulent life at that time,people's beautiful illusion and strong love of hometown as well as religious ethics.Also,it is closely bound up with the fashion of taking sadness as beauty at that time.This blooming nostalgic feeling during this period has embodied unique spiritual values.


Data augmentation is a technique for conducting approximate Bayesian regression analysis. This technique is a form of penalized likelihood estimation where prior information, represented by one or more specific prior data records, generates a penalty function that imposes the desired priors on the regression coefficients. We present a new command, penlogit, that fits penalized logistic regression via data augmentation. We illustrate the command through an example using data from an epidemiological study.


In order to be useful as some low voltage liquid crystal composition in the liquid crystal display to provide a novel compound the dielectric anisotropy large, a low viscosity and improve the properties of the liquid crystal composition, containing an oxy-methane derivative and the compound of formula Ⅰ difluoro this liquid crystal composition has been proposed. In Formula Ⅰ, l, m and n are 0 or 1, independently of A It is useful as low-voltage liquid crystal material in some manner, such as an active matrix type and STN system.


Image recognition is a major area of application of machine learning - evolving at a rapid pace with a number of programming platforms available to developers. While each platform has its own uniqueness, the methodology of image recognition consists of a sequence of image processing tasks, development of a classifier algorithm, training and testing followed by deployment. This tutorial will delve into the programming aspects of image processing including thresholding, contouring and template matching. In order to provide practical hands on programming this tutorial will closely look at three real life applications of image pattern recognition namely ALPR using Tesseract OCR and will touch upon using CNN for character detection. The tutorial will explain the algorithm, implementation of pseudocode through Python using two major platforms: OpenCV and Tensorflow.


This article discloses the use of spread spectrum, coherent, frequency and / or phase code waveform ultrasound imaging techniques, systems, and devices. In one aspect, a method of creating an image from the acoustic wave in the acoustic imaging apparatus comprises the apparatus is arranged to transmit acoustic waveform to the target transmission mode; when transmitting sound waveform, in one or more synthetic waveform synthesizer a plurality of basic orthogonal code waveform is formed as a composite waveform acoustic wave transmitted to the target, wherein each waveform corresponds to a different frequency band; device arranged to receive acoustic waveform receiving mode returns from the return of at least a portion of the target; received Back acoustic waveform from an analog format to a digital format as the received composite waveform including information object; and an image processing the received composite waveform to produce a target.


Using elliptically fibered Kummer surfaces of Picard rank 17, we construct an explicit model for a three-parameter bielliptic plane genus-three curve whose associated Prym variety is two-isogenous to the Jacobian variety of the general three-parameter hyperelliptic genus-two curve in Rosenhain normal form. Our model provides explicit expressions for all coefficients in terms of modular forms.


In order to enhance a new microwave absorbing capabilities in the X-band frequency range, polycrystalline magnetic materials of BaFe12O19 barium hexaferrite were fabricated through conventional ceramic method and the Fe3O4 powder from iron sand were prepared through magnetic separation after milling process by using planetary ball mill. Microwave absorbing capabilities of multilayer absorbers, composed of BaFe12O19 barium hexaferrite and the Fe3O4 powder, with a total thickness of 10 mm, were investigated by a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the range of 8.2 –12.4 GHz. According to transmission line theory, reflection of microwave radiations from multilayer magnetic materials is calculated. The reflection loss (RL) strongly depends on thickness of multilayer absorbers and showed an optimal RL. Keywords : BaFe12O19, Fe3O4 powder, reflection loss, multilayer absorbers.


When the gravitational lensing potential can be approximated by that of a circularly symmetric system affected by weak perturbations, it is found that the shape of the resulting (tangential) caustics is entirely specified by the local azimuthal behaviour of the affecting perturbations. This provides a common mathematical groundwork for understanding problems such as the close‐wide (d ↔ d −1 ) separation degeneracy of binary lens microlensing light curves and the shear‐ellipticity degeneracy of quadruple image lens modelling. Ke yw ords: gravitational lensing ‐ methods: analytical.


This article introduces an enhanced mathematical approach for establishing the PQ capability curve of a grid-connected PV (GCPV) system. The main objective of this article is to efficiently manage the injection of reactive power into the electrical grid under maximum power point (MPP) conditions, taking into account the impact of varying weather conditions. The proposed approach involves evaluating all possible operating point within the stable region to ascertain the reactive power limitations of GCPV system. The proposed method involves assessing all feasible operational points within the stable range to establish the limits of reactive power provision for the GCPV system. Additionally, the strategy aims to increase the system's reactive power capacity while ensuring that the PV inverter doesn't exceed its thermal limits. To evaluate the effectiveness of this mathematical approach, simulations of the GCPV system were conducted using the real-time simulator OPAL-RT. These simulations employed an integrated closed-loop control strategy, encompassing controllers for DC-link voltage, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and both active and reactive power.


One of the most-pervasive debates in literature on managing people is whether using "hard†or "soft†approaches produces better organizational performance -- those seeking to influence behavior by pressuring or by nurturing. This paper examines this question in the context of a cross-organizational collaboration in English local government between police, probation, social work, and other organizations designed to reduce crime. Using a survey to gather data about cultural features of these collaborations and actual crime data, we find interaction effects between the joint presence of "hard†and "soft†cultural features in explaining crime reduction. Taking a phrase from pop psychology, it appears that cultures characterized by "tough love†perform better than those with only "hard†or "soft†features by themselves. We suggest that further research be conducted surrounding the relationship of the "tough love†construct to organizational performance.


This invention concerns an improved method of con ducting secondary recovery operations in oil production. The method of this invention concerns water flooding operations in which a viscous aqueous solution is injected into the formation prior to application of a water flood treatment. Use of what may be described as a highly viscous aqueous plug in the forefront of the water flood is effective in a variety of ways to increase the rate of oil production and ultimate oil recovery in secondary recovery operations. While there have been substantial advances in what are called "primary recovery" techniques in producing oil, nevertheless a substantial portion of oil is known to remain in the earth after termination of primary recov ery methods. As a rule of thumb, it has been observed that of the total amount of oil in a given petroleum reser voir, only about/3 of this oil may be economically recov ered by primary recovery methods. Somewhat more than this amount may be obtained by following improved pri mary recovery practices, such as re-pressuring treatments, etc. It is nonetheless true that substantial quantities of oil cannot be produced from oil reservoirs within the economically practicable limits of primary recovery methods. . . For this reason there is a great deal of interest in what are known as "secondary recovery" methods. Secondary recovery may be defined as the augmentation of remain ing reservoir energy after depletion by primary recovery methods. The reservoir energy is augmented by drilling one or more injection wells into a permeable oil bearing. formation within suitable proximity to a producing well or wells which are drilled into this same permeable oil bearing formation. Injection of liquids or gases through the injection well is generally effective.in increasing the oil production from the producing well or wells. This technique of secondary recovery enables the recovery of substantially more oil than can be produced by primary recovery methods. The possibility of improving secondary recovery meth ods is an attractive possibility as a means of conserving oil reserves. Furthermore, the oil which may be pro duced by secondary recovery techniques does not require discovery, so that the additional quantities of oil which may be obtained by secondary recovery procedures do not have to provide for exploration and leasing expenses to yield a profit. Again it is generally true that drilling and operational expenses favor secondary recovery oper ations. It is nonetheless true, however, that development and operating expenses still determine the success or fail ure of a secondary recovery operation. One of the practical methods of secondary recovery which has long been employed is so-called "water-flood ing." In this general method water is the fluid which is pumped through an injection well and into a permeable oil bearing formation which has been penetrated by pro ducing wells that have been depleted by primary recov ery methods. For many years now water flooding has been employed so as to permit production of substantial 0


Partial differential equations (PDEs) have been widely used. However, solving PDEs using traditional methods in high dimensions suffers from the curse of dimensionality. The newly emerging deep learning technqiues are promising in resolving this problem because of its success in many high dimensional problems. In this project we derived and proposed a coupled deep learning neural network for solving the Laplace problem in two and higher dimensions. Numerical results showed that the model is efficient for modest dimension problems. We also showed the current limitation of the algorithm for high dimension problems and proposed an explaination.


After gaining its independence, Kazakhstan, like any other post-Soviet republics, faced a number of problems of a different character. There was an urgent need to solve the problem of legislative and sociolinguistic aspects of languages: Kazakh – an autochthon language, Russian – a language of international communication, and languages of minorities. During the last twenty years much work has been done on status planning of languages present in Kazakhstani society. The given research paper will try to shed a light on determinants of language choice of students in surfing university website (Intranet), which, in its own turn, will help to compose the sociolinguistic picture of modern Kazakhstan. Keywords: Computer technology resources, language choice, bilingualism;


The general form of the phase diagrams for impurity-doped VO2 is considered and shown to include mixed phase boundary regions. Phase diagrams for Cr and Al-doped VO2 are established on the basis of the temperature dependence of the 51V nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal. In Cr-doped VO2, the (M2) phase is shown to exist over a smaller temperature–concentration range than reported previously and in Al-doped VO2, two intermediate single phases (M2) and (M3) are found. The (T) phase which has been previously suggested to be a definite phase having triclinic symmetry is shown to be a mixed phase region in which the contributions from the components change with temperature. Changes in NMR signal intensity at the phase boundaries show that half the V sites have paired spins in both the(M2) and (M3) phases.


Elevated serum IgE is helpful in making the diagnosis of ABPA and in monitoring the onset of exacerbation and response to therapy. ABPA occurs frequently in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). They also develop high total serum IgE.A 20 yr. old non-asthmatic woman with CF who smoked marihuana developed fever, chest pain and expectoration of brown flecks. She had a ligularinfiltrate, blood(1500/mm3) and sputum(50%) esoinopilia.Sputum cultures were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). A previously negative immediate skin test to Af became positive (1:10,000 w/v). She developed serum precipitins to antigens from two Af sources and to Aspergillus species isolated from her marihuana.Septate hyphae were seen in a left upper lobe bronchial brushing. Culture grew Af. Three mos. prior to the acute illness IgE was 9 IU/ml. Serum IgE rose to 16 and 29 IU/ml. during 10 days when the Dx of ABPA was being considered. With prednisone Rx symptoms disappeared, chest infiltrate cleared, culture for Af became negative, Af precipitin tests became negative and IgE fell to 6 IU/ml. The immediate skin test to Af remained positive 3 mos. after Dx. Af RAST's were negative 4 yrs. and 3 mos, prior to the illness, at the time of acute illness and at 3 mo. intervals after onset. Serum skin sensitizing antibody could not be detected by P-K passive transfer and skin testing at 2 hrs. and 48 hrs.Elevated total serum IgE does not always accompany acute ABPA. Early diagnosis may need to be made using less restricted criteria.


Modern vehicles are equipped with advanced features or systems. The cruise control is one of the features which is available in advanced vehicles. The paper presents design and simulation of vehicle speed control system. A simple model of a vehicle is simulated using Simscape multibody simulation toolbox of the MALTAB (R2022b). The system performance is tested with proportional and PI controllers for a step input. The controller is designed to reduce peak overshoot, settling time and to achieve minimum steady state error.


It occurs due to impaired insulin effectiveness at cellular level (Permutt et al., 2005) and is accompanied by a number of side effects involving almost all the organs resulting in diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and macrovascular/ microvacular complications (viz., coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease), dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, cardiomyopathy (Anonymous, 1991; Aaron and Vinik, 2001) and poor wound healing (Lin and Sun, 2010).


From the comparison of the thinking methods of science and art, according to several development stages of art, the unification and harmoniousness between technological factors and art were discussed from two points of view.


9 Keller, H. B., "A New Difference Scheme for Parabolic Problems," in Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations, edited by J. Branble, Vol. II, Academic Press, New York, 1970. 10 Cooper, P., "Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Rotating Disk Calculated with an Effective Viscosity," AIAA Journal, Vol. 9, Feb. 1971, pp. 255-261. 11 Erian, F. F. and Tong, Y. H., "Turbulent Flow due to a Rotating Disk," Physics of Fluids, Vol. 14, Dec. 1971, p. 2588. Table 1 Transformations


Abstract This paper presents a phenomenographic study of conceptions of how understanding comes about. In‐depth interviews with 30 first‐year university students were carried out, dealing with questions about learning, understanding and knowledge. The analysis presented here focuses on the experience of how understanding arises. The subjects came from teacher education, cultural studies and chemistry economics. Data were analysed according to phenomenographic principles. Three main categories of conceptions were found: coming to understand by (1) experiences, (2) mental construction and (3) merging with reality. The order of the categories is interpreted as a progression in 'metacognitive awareness'. The results are compared with other phenomenographic studies of conceptions of understanding. Finally, they are related to constructivist models of learning and some philosophical views. It is suggested that such a recontextualisation of students' conceptions can be made part of the curriculum in order to sti...


Based on Guangdong Hakka literature in Meizhou City,the paper discusses the history,culture and celebrities of Hakka studies,and points out that the study of Hakka literature can improve the development of public library and intelligence.


This paper takes some university campus as a simple market.And beginning with strict assumptions,the author analyzes two kinds of the undercut-proof equilibrium;one is basic UPE,the other is UPE of different disgusting cost,according to the different condition,compares different price and profit of CM and CU in this market and analyzes the important meaning of disgusting cost.And it is concluded the main conclusions of undercut-proof equilibrium of mobile service in campus market.


To study the cellular immunological status of coal miners with pneumoconiotuberculosis. ELISA was applied to detection of TNF(-α) in serum of patients in pneumoconiotuberculosis group, pneumoconiosis group and pulmonary tuberculosis group, and comparisons with that in healthy control were made subsequently. The results showed that the levels of TNF(-α) in serum of patients in pneumoconiotuberculosis group, pneumoconiosis group and pulmonary tuberculosis group were significantly lower than that in health control(P0.01) , while the differences among themselves were not notable (P0.05). In pneumoconiotuberculosis group, the level of TNF(-α) in serum obviously descended following the increase of pneumoconiosis stage, and the levels of TNF(-α) in serum of patients with pneumoconiosis stageⅡ, stage Ⅲ were significantly lower than that of patients with pneumoconiosis stageⅠ(P005). So that the cellular immunological competence of coal miners with pneumoconiotuberculosis is obviously low, thus the clinical treatment of auxiliary immunomodulators might be applied to these patients.


In today's dentistry aesthetics play a more and more important role. The treatment with thermoplastic aligners offers patients with an unsatisfying anterior situation the opportunity to im-prove their aesthetic situation without changing the occlusion. The therapy with aligners fulfils the patient's desire for an uncomplicated, less time-consuming treatment that does not affect aesthetics during treatment. Crowded anterior teeth, rotations and spaces can be corrected with this method. Other active elements, such as springs, elastics or expansion screws can be inte-grated into the aligners. Since the orthodontist can actively influence treatment, this method shows significant advantages compared to the -popular Invisalign system.


The list of subfamily Catocalinae (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) of Iran is updated. Until now, 111 species belonging to 22 genera of this subfamily are recorded. Also, the Iranian records in different provinces are presented.


This book presents a set of econometric, policy-oriented studies on energy to provide a glimpse of current research in the energy economics field. Some of the eight essays report on studies directly related to FEA's Project Independence, while others bear either no relationship or only a peripheral relationship to it. In Chapter 2, John Kraft, Arthur Kraft, and Eugene Reiser describe a national energy demand model. The model treats, in price- and income-sensitive fashion, both the major and minor fuels consumed by the various sectors of the economy. Chapter 3, by Derriel Cato, Mark Rodekohr, and James L. Sweeney, introduces a vintage capital stock model of gasoline demand based on a submodel of automobile demand by classification categories. In Chapter 4, Scott E. Atkinson and Robert Halvorsen employ translog functions derived from duality theory to estimate the own and cross elasticities of demand and substitution for alternative fuels in electricity generation. Chapter 5, by Noel D. Uri, examines the advantages and disadvantages of switching from the present system to a regionally integrated system of electrical generation and distribution, constructing a linear programming model. In Chapter 6, Christopher B. Alt, Anthony E. Bopp, and George M. Lady report on a short-termmore » petroleum forecasting model developed at FEA. Chapter 7, by A. Bradley Askin, explores the problems involved in assessing the macroeconomic impacts associated with alternative energy strategies and presents three sets of forecasts for the economy in 1985 based on eight energy scenarios considered in Project Independence Report. In Chapter 8, Paul H. Earl and Steven G. Phillips employ a disaggregated price model to examine the relative price impacts alternative energy policies have at the individual product level. The model is built around a detailed energy input matrix covering approximately 100 product and material prices, including, for example, 10 types of steel. (MCW)« less


This article provides details on the excavation of and water flow control within two 1,713m-long soft ground tunnels forming part of Washington Area Metropolitan Transit Authority's Green Line in College Park, Maryland. The holing through of the 6.34m diameter tunnel shield on December 12, 1990 marked the completion of this excavation project.


As to business process reengineering in ERP implementation,a new approach for process modeling and configuraion based on Petri net is proposed.This paper firstly analyzes the importance of business process modeling in implementing ERP system and the suitability of Petri net as a process modeling tool is pointed out.Then the formalized definition of modeling element is presented by using Petri net,and several rules for process optimization are given.Also the realization of the process model in ERP software is discussed.At last,a case study of U8 ERP implementation is illustrated.


We analyse signal and noise in receiving connected array antennas with equal low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) and constrained beamforming. An equivalent two-port circuit is derived for the receiver noise figure. Compared to the actual LNAs, the equivalent IAA is shown to have the same noise-match admittance but generally larger minimum noise figure and coefficient of source mismatch. The increased parameters are shown to be Lange constants, invariant under lossless transformations at the inputs of the actual IAAs. The increase in the l.ange constants is found to be closely determined by the power in the orthogonal response of the array when excited by a source aligned with the vector of beamforming coefficients. The representation provides a basis for comparing the performance of various array designs with differential beamforming or other beamforming eonstraints.


INTRODUCTION
Previous studies have suggested the importance of somatic mutations and arginine, asparagine and lysine residues in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) implicated in the pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. The relative contributions of the heavy and light chains of aPL in binding to cardiolipin (CL) were assessed by pairing the heavy and light chains of two IgG, beta(2)GPI dependent aPL (IS4 and CL24) with different partner chains from other IgG, beta(2)GPI independent aPL (UK4) and anti-DNA antibodies (B3 and 33H11).

METHODS
Four heavy (V(H)) and five light (V(L)) chain variable sequences from three aPL and two anti-DNA antibodies were cloned into expression vectors containing appropriate gamma(1), lambda or kappa constant region cDNA. Paired combinations of heavy and light chain expression plasmids were transfected into COS-7 cells allowing transient expression of whole IgG molecules, which were harvested and tested for the ability to bind CL and DNA by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).

RESULTS
Whole IgG was produced from 19 heavy/light chain combinations. IS4V(H) was dominant in conferring the ability to bind CL with four of the five V(L) tested. The identity of the V(L) region paired with IS4V(H) was important in determining the strength of binding to CL. IS4V(H) contains multiple arginine residues in CDR3, which may have accumulated due to antigen driven selection. It is likely that these arginine residues may interact with CL. The combination B3V(H)/B3V(L) also bound CL, but none of the other 14 combinations showed any binding in this assay.

CONCLUSION
Whole IgG molecules capable of binding CL were produced by in vitro expression in COS-7 cells. Arginine residues play important roles in binding to CL and double-stranded DNA. However, different patterns of mutation to arginine are associated with binding to each of these antigens.


This paper presents a new approach for measuring dielectric properties of materials. The proposed approach is based on applying the synthetic time domain reflectometry to a dielectric filled waveguide. The compromising measurement results show that this algorithm can be successfully applied for measuring other parameters of the materials. Also, the approach has been successfully applied to detect the discontinuities of as a multi-section microstrip line. This approach is very useful in measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the different liquids, gels, and solid materials.


Occlusion of a renal artery branch with subsequent partial renal infarction resulted in high renin production from the ischemic part of the kidney and malignant hypertension. Absence of overall ischemia from the affected kidney prevented development of a pattern of increased concentration of nonabsorbable solutes (ie, creatinine and para-aminohippuric acid), although total urine flow was decreased by reduction of renal excretory mass. Renin activity was at least tenfold higher in the ischemic area than in the normal kidney and manifested itself clinically by a 1.7 to 1 difference in the preoperative renal vein renin values between the affected and nonaffected kidneys. Removal of the affected kidney resulted in a "cure" of the malignant hypertension.


Riparian zone forests are a special type of agro-forestry systems. As buffer zones protect stream systems against stress factors. These ecosystems are diverse so ecologically valuable, on the other hand, they are valuable (because of high productivity) from an economic viewpoint as well.

Riparian forests are very vulnerable because they strongly depend on surplus water (shallow groundwater or seasonally flooded condition). Long drought periods caused by changing climate induce lowering of the water table and shortening flooded periods. With reasonably designed water supply systems, these negative processes can be stopped, and valuable ecosystems can be preserved.

The effect of an artificial structures (new lakes and bottom thresholds) induced water supply was evaluated in Kaszó Forest (Somogy county, Hungary). Eco-Hydrological monitoring (groundwater and phenological) was conducted on 14 regular (under the effect of water supply interventions) and 4 control plots in different forest ecosystems. The impact of water supply interventions was interpreted with spatio-temporal groundwater level difference analysis and found that surplus water had a positive effect on the riparian zone water table (40-50 cm rise in the neighbourhood of new lakes) and vegetation.

A complex field monitoring (hydro-meteorological and phenological measurements) was conducted on three representative locations. 1-D Hydrus model was successfully calibrated for an alder and two common oak forest plots. Diurnal signal of groundwater levels was used for ET estimation in the model. Model results showed that groundwater uptake of forest vegetation was significantly increased (30%) regarding water supply interventions.

Acknowledgements: The research was supported by EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00018 in University of Sopron project.

Keywords: riparian forest, water supply, groundwater monitoring, 1-D Hydrus model


In order to develop new cigarette flavors, synthetic novel pyridine compounds were added to cigarettes to supplement the aroma, and improve the smoking quality of cigarette. 3-Pyridine carboxylic acid was used as a raw material and 3-pyridine carbonyl chloride hydrochloride was obtained through acylation reaction with thionyl chloride. Then the same volume of leaf alcohol was added, pyridine as solvent and catalyst, and reacted for 12 h at 6 0 ℃ to synthetize 3-pyridine carboxylic acid leaf alcohol ester. The structure of the compound was confirmed by1H NMR,13C NMR, IR and HRMS spectra. And then its thermal stabilities and cracking behaviors at 300 ℃, 600 ℃ and 900℃were studied. Fifty kinds of pyrolysis products were authenticated and most of them were aroma components. The smoke panel test showed that3-pyridine carboxylic acid leaf alcohol ester could improve the aroma quality, increase the aroma quantity, harmonize the aroma, clean the after-taste and reduce offensive odor of cigarettes. At concentration of 1.50‰, it showed the most appropriate flavoring effect.


Brazilian education is marked by a strong academic drift, which has been a major obstacle to its differentiation, accessibility and improvement. Differentiation in education is important to provide educational opportunities for people with varying backgrounds and motivations, but is strongly opposed by stakeholders within the education communities. Brazilian education institutions are formally very similar at each level, in spite of the large social and geographical differences throughout the country. There are very few students in vocational courses at secondary schools, and not many in short-term post-secondary course programs. Graduate education is highly academic, leaving little space for professional master programs and applied research. Part of the problem is related to the 1996 National Education Law, which requires a very extensive academic curriculum for all students in secondary education. This situation is further aggravated by the National High School Exam, a comprehensive test which is being adopted as an entrance examination for many universities and does not give students the option to choose the type of education or subject area in which they will be examined. Consequently, a large number of students are unable to complete secondary education and tend to drop out, while at the same time, the country faces a serious lack of skilled workers of middle education level. This paper argues for the need to reverse this trend. Abstract


The concept of geometric phase is demonstrated in a nuclear gyroscope using [sup 131]Xe nuclear spins ([ital I]=3/2) as sensors for quantum-phase accumulation. By spatial rotation sub-Hertz splittings due to geometric phases are resolved in nuclear-quadrupole spectra. Deviations from Berry's adiabatic geometric phase appear in the regime of nonadiabatic rotation. The observed frequency splittings are no longer linear in the rotational frequency, as expected from adiabatic rotations, and all possible transitions, namely, six in this partially degenerate spin-3/3 system, are observed experimentally.


Synthesis of poly(NIPAAm-g-PDMS) polymers using monomethacrylate-functional PDMS macromonomers was carried out over a range of compositions and graft lengths using a facile ambient initiation scheme based on the decomplexation of stabilized alkylborane–amine complexes that is triggered by simple mixing. The copolymerization of NIPAAm with MA-PDMS by this technique was confirmed by monitoring the reaction kinetics and estimating the reactivity ratios via online 1H NMR spectroscopy. These copolymers were confirmed to contain immiscible grafts that are dispersed into nanosegregated domains by AFM, with supporting DSC analysis showing separate Tgs for each polymer phase. DSC studies also show that both the monomer ratio and the PDMS graft length affect the locus of composition-dependent demixing temperature (Tdem) points that delineates the LCST behavior of the copolymer in water. The contrasting impact of low molecular weight (Mn ∼ 1000 Da) PDMS grafts and higher molecular weight (∼5000 and ∼120 000 Da) PDMS...


[ ]North Korea's hacking teams are engaging in cyber-criminal activities, including some large breaches of financial institutions around the globe, to help prop up the nation's economy 1 What Makes Them Tick Diving a little deeper on the respective group's motivation, five key objectives can be recognized: [ ]we are observing an increase in the theft of healthcare intellectual property, because it is seen as a means for advancing these countries' health systems [ ]most recently, some APT groups also have added air-gap capabilities to their toolbelt 9 Various malware strains with this type of capability have been detected recently, and in principle, they all take a similar approach: penetrate the connected part of the network, infect USB drives that are used within the environment, eventually land on an airgapped system, perform desired action (e g , data collection), and wait for another USB connection to transfer data back into the connected environment 10 This approach by cyber adversaries requires patience but is likely to succeed eventually According to a recent study, 45% of the analyzed breaches could be attributed to the healthcare sector, with related costs of $17 billion during 2019—amounting to an average impact of $429 per breached record 15 According to data from the Department of Health & Human Services' "Wall of Shame" for the period of 2010–18, not only has the number of breaches (500 records/event) risen steadily at about 7% a year, it increased by 36% from 2018 to 2019—the highest single-year increase so far


................................................................................................................................... 1 DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. 2 PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 4 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................ 8 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIX .............................................................................................. 10 DETAILED CONTENTS................................................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 1) INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2) SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 3) THE RELATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HEALTH .............................................. 46 CHAPTER 4) DATA AND METHODS ............................................................................................ 73 CHAPTER 5) DEINDUSTRIALISATION AND MORTALITY ............................................................... 92 CHAPTER 6) GLOBALISATION, PRIVATISATION AND MORTALITY ............................................. 110 CHAPTER 7) THE CULTURAL POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HEALTH ............................................... 127 CHAPTER 8) CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 153 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................ 161 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 183


This study examined the antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera ethanol extract (MOEE) against oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The antibacterial activity of MOEE was analyzed using a disk diffusion assay, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and growth inhibition assay, and the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide synthesis and cytotoxicity was assessed using the Griess reaction and WST-1 assay in RAW 264.7 cells. NO production by LPS stimulation was inhibited dose-dependently without cytotoxicity. MOEE potently inhibited the disk diffusion of P. gingivalis than S. mutans, which was 19.72 mm and 17.22 mm at 300 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the MIC of S. mutans and P. gingivalis was 0.8 mg/mL and 0.4~0.8 mg/mL, and the MBC of both pathogens was 0.8 mg/mL for both. MOEE also potently inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis and S. mutans, which was OD600 of 0.8 mg/mL MOEE-treated BHI broth was 0.219 and 0.125, respectively. Consequently, MOEE exhibited potent antibacterial activity, which was stronger against P. gingivalis than S. mutans. MOEE might be used as a functional material for preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases when the inhibitory activity of the biofilm and extracts from various solvents will be conducted in future studies.


Of concern is studying solvability of the hybrid systems of quadratic fractional integral equations. To this aim applying hybrid fixed point theory due to $Dhage$, existence of at least one positive solution for mentioned systems via so called D-Lipschitzian mappings will be concluded . We illustrate the obtained results by presenting an example.


Based on this classification, Dukes' A, by definition, is early cancer, yet despite this there is only an 85% survival at 5 years. The prognosis is obviously worse with the Band C category. Greenway concludes that 30% of patients who undergo curative resection of colorectal cancinoma die of metastatic disease in the liver. It has also been suggested that dissemination of metastasis to extrahepatic sites such as lung and bone is frequently by secondary metastasis from deposits that have already occured in the liver.


Laser-assisted machining (LAM) is a hybrid process for which a difficult-to-machine material, such as a ceramic or super alloy, is irradiated by a laser source prior to material removal by a cutting tool. The process has the potential to significantly increase material removal rates, as well as to improve the geometry and properties of the finished work piece. Features and limitations of theoretical and experimental procedures for determining the transient thermal response of a work piece during LAM are described, and representative results are presented for laser-assisted turning of sintered silicon nitride. Significant physical trends are revealed by the calculations, as are guidelines for the selection of appropriate operating conditions.


SUWA, M. 1974. Anthomyiidae of Japan (Diptera). Ins. matsum. n. s. 4: 247 pp., 2 tables, 669 figs. Japanese species of the family Anthomyiidae are reviewed and arranged taxonomically. A total of 172 species are dealt with; of them 44 are new to science and 92, including 5 undetermined, new to Japan. Two new genera are proposed and described. The genera and species treated are given under "Enumeration of genera and species." The following new nomenclatorial changes are made: Chionomyia Ringdahl is included within Paregle Schnabl; Pegomyza Schnabl & Dziedzicki and Arctopegomyia Ringdahl are included within Eutrichota Kowarz; M elinia bisinuata Tiensuu is transferred to M elinieUa gen. nov.; Eustalomyia lepraota Seguy is suppressed as a synonym of Eustalomyia vittipes (Zetterstedt). Author's address. Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 Japan.


The ability to precisely sense physiological pH changes in the cellular environment is exceedingly difficult. Novel technologies are thus required to address this challenge. Fluorescent nanomaterials can be exploited to this effect because their optical properties can exhibit strong pH dependence. Herein, an intracellular pH‐sensing probe is developed via a facile microwave‐reaction synthesis method for the preparation of carbon dots (CDs) using glutathione and formamide. The CDs possess unique optical properties allowing for concomitant fluorescence in the blue and red regions of the spectrum. These dots are investigated as pH‐sensors using the red fluorescence signatures at 650 and 680 nm. The two fluorescence bands respond differently following pH changes in their environment and could thus be used for ratiometric measurements. Cytotoxicity studies of the CDs in glioblastoma cells show no decrease in cell viability up to 100 μg mL−1 (24 h). Fluorescence imaging reveals that the dots localize in lysosomal compartments. Moreover, they can sense changes in lysosomal pH in response to serum and amino acid starvation, as well as administration of diclofenac and metformin, drugs currently in clinical trials for combination treatments of cancer. These CDs offer a new self‐referencing approach for live intracellular pH sensing in 2D‐ and 3D‐cell models.


This paper was published online on 8 February 2017 with an omission of an author affiliation and incorrect sizing of Fig. 5. Tomas Jochym-O'Connor's additional affiliation should read as "2Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics and Institute for Quantum Information & Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA." Figure 5 has been resized and the additional author affiliation has been added as of 15 February 2017. The figure is correct and the author affiliation is present in the printed version of the journal.


A web based application can only function with an active internet connection and uses HTTP as its primary protocol for communication. They often run inside a web-browser. Most applications are client-based, where a minor part of the program is downloaded to a user's desktop, but processing of requests are done over the internet on an external server. It has now become the leading approach to utilize technology in order to enhance an organizations efficiency and productivity. It helps to access any business information from all over the world at any time as well as allows us to save time and money and increase interactions between customers and partners. However, such applications have not been made much use of in the management of a Non-Government Organization (NGO). This proposed work suggests an approach to create a database structured to that of an NGO which will be interfaced with an application server. A web based application along with and android app will act as clients. To increase the security and transparency of the NGO, it will also be using a biometric interface that will link all related information of the organization. The proposed approach can also be modified to suit other non-profit organizations with similar requirements. Most NGO websites simply provide basic information about their organization, whereas this proposed approach aspires to not only provide information but automate all the functions of the organization, reduce tedious paperwork, decrease queueing, increase interaction between members of the organization in a safe and secure manner.