When low-resolution face images are used for face recognition, the model accuracy is substantially decreased. How to recover high-resolution face features from low-resolution images precisely and efficiently is an essential subtask in face recognition. In this study, we introduce shuffle block SRGAN, a new image super-resolution network inspired by the SRGAN structure. By replacing the residual blocks with shuffle blocks, we can achieve efficient super-resolution reconstruction. Furthermore, by considering the generated image quality in the loss function, we can obtain more realistic super-resolution images. We train and test SB-SRGAN in three public face image datasets and use transfer learning strategy during the training process. The experimental results show that shuffle block SRGAN can achieve desirable image super-resolution performance with respect to visual effect as well as the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structure similarity index method metrics, compared with the performance attained by the other chosen deep-leaning models.


This Special Issue focuses mainly on massive energy storage systems, but also includes a vision for small to medium sized storage and a discussion of the driving forces.


We have analyzed the influence of the dielectric composition and the post deposition rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment on the electrical characteristics of electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma-deposited SiNx:H/n and p-In0.53Ga0.47As interfaces. The devices are characterized by means of capacitance–voltage (C–V), deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and conductance transient analyses. Our results show that a simple cleaning step of the semiconductor surface prior to insulator deposition, and a post deposition RTA process are sufficient to obtain good-quality structures, the n-type being better than the p-type. In both cases, we conclude that a dielectric composition of x=1.50 seems to be the best choice, and that the most adequate RTA temperature is between 500°C and 600°C.


A method of determination of mebendazole residue in aquatic product by high-performance Liquid chromatography(HPLC) was established.Mebendazole residue was extracted with ethyl acetate-ammonia,the extracts was vaporized and the leftover was dissolved with methylene chloride,followed by sample cleanup with SiliaBond NH2 solid—phase extraction cartridge,then vaporized the eluate,using the mobile phase to dissolve the final leftover,though 0.45 μm membrane,the solute was quantified by HPLC.Liquid chromatographic separations were performed by using a RP18 chromatogram column and phosphate-acetonitrile as mobile phase,flow rate is 1.0 mL /min and column temperature is 35 ℃.UV detector is used to determine the mebendazole at 247 nm wavelength.The recoveries were between 80%-98%,the relative standard deviations were between 0.5%-2.5%,and the limits of detection(S/N = 3) was 10 μg/kg.


This video highlights footage of the many forms of animal and plant life that inhabit the environs surrounding KSC. Shown are birds, alligators, butterflies, and plants as they react to shuttle launches and other activities eminating from KSC.


Background: Endometrial sampling is a safe and effective diagnostic procedure in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), infertility cases, and in studying response of endometrium to various therapies. This study was directed to analyze the clinico-radio-pathological spectrum of endometrial samples in these cases as well as to classify various lesions of endometrium. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study over 2-year duration was carried out in a tertiary care center, and a total of 153 endometrial samples received in the department of pathology, meeting inclusion criteria, were included. Clinical details were obtained from the patient case files. A systematic approach was followed to process the samples and checklist was used for reporting the endometrial biopsy. Results: Heavy menstrual bleeding (29.4%) was the most common clinical presentation in cases of AUB. Precursor lesions were the most common diagnosis on histopathology (23.7%), followed by normal physiological endometrium (21.7%). More than 50% of cases of infertility had no specific pathology in the endometrium. Conclusions: Owing to an underlying pathology, endometrium demonstrates varied patterns of disease spectrum. Each diagnostic modality has its own limitations and advantages. Hence, clinic-radio-pathological is essential for correctly diagnosing an endometrial pathology.


(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)American Religion: Contemporary Trends . By Mark Chaves . Princeton, N.J : Princeton University Press , 2011. xiii + 145 pp. $22.95 cloth; $17.95 paper.Book Reviews and NotesOn the face of it, a slim volume carrying the subtitle "Contemporary Trends" would seem to be an unpromising candidate for addition to the library of a professional historian or to a course syllabus. But Mark Chaves's tightly written, levelheaded, and greatly informative book is such a work. Those who follow and contribute to the literature on U.S. religious institutions will be enlightened by it, and those who teach U.S. religion could well assign it, as I have, as required background reading.Chaves's contemporary period is the past four decades, following the tumult of the 1960s, in the wake of the apex of once-dominant "mainline" Protestantism, coinciding with the rise and imminent decline of politicized evangelical Protestantism, and leading into the rise of religious "nones." These were also years of increasing presence of Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, and other non-Christians in American society, of the advent of women clergy in Protestantism and Judaism, and of growing controversy over homosexual rights in all religious bodies. In other words, Chaves's "contemporary" period spans a stretch of historical ground fraught with change.Chaves's methods are those of the sociologist. Although he avails himself of the same kind of sources that historians use--for example, formal records produced by denominational bodies and stored in their archives--his principal source is social survey data, above all those collected by NORC, the National Opinion Research Center in the form of the General Social Survey (GSS) and the National Congregations Study NCS). The GSS uses randomized sampling methods (to preclude sampling bias), and employs highly trained interviewers who query subjects face-to-face to elicit answers to an elaborate, standardized battery of question about family status, employment, education, and religion, as well as a wide range of attitudes. Since 1972, the GSS has produced by all odds the best survey data on religion in the United States.Chaves, a member of the GSS's board of overseers, is personally responsible for the NCS, a major increment to the kind of information survey methods can produce. Beginning with a standard question about the subject's membership in a church (or other religious institution), GSS interviewers ask those who claim such an affiliation to identify the congregation in question. In this way, the representative sampling methods of the GSS produce a representative sample of American congregations. Periodically since 1998, NCS researchers have contacted a key informant in these congregations to ask another battery of questions about their membership, finances, programs, worship and other matters. Thus sociologists of religion, of whom Chaves is one of the foremost, routinely have at their disposal high-quality information on the individuals and local religious communities that populate American religious life.As a guide to the present state of American religion and its grounding in the recent past, Chaves is therefore in a position to see behind the "latest religious scandal, conflict or innovation" (114) to the realities of much continuity of belief and practice and some institutional erosion but no evidence of religious resurgence. …


With the arrival of experience economy era,people's consumption demand changes from goods,merchandise and service to cxperiencing.The paper analyses the characteristic and consumption characteristic of experience economy era,and puts forward the markeling stralegy that enterprises should take in experience economy era.


Postharvest Quality and Decay Incidence among Tomato Fruit as Affected by Weather and Cultural Practices. (PP294)
Postharvest decay losses for field-grown, fresh-market tomatoes are usually associated with harvests that occur when fields are wet and warm. During periods of persistently wet fields, decay pathogens infect damaged fruit on the plant as well as injuries to petioles and stems. Review of all reports and photos implicated excessive water in fruit rather than air temperatures as the primary predisposition. Excessive water in fruit is possible at virtually any time of the season and can appear at times of cold as well as warm field temperatures. This 8-page fact sheet was written by Jerry A. Bartz, Steven A. Sargent, and John W. Scott, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, July 2012.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp294


Purpose - This paper aims to describe cooperation between public and private market players from different legal and religious orders. The author argues that such public–private partnerships (PPPs) enable the development of a possible convergence between selected areas of mainstream public finance and the Islamic moral economy (IME). Design/methodology/approach - This paper explores the theory of both mainstream finance and the IME, and using deductive reasoning from axioms, develops the assumptions of a theoretical approach to heterodox PPP. The proposed method affects the ability to find common platforms between mainstream public finance and the IME, through the example of public–private investment projects. Findings - This endeavour is subject to trade-offs between profit maximisation and social justice values on the basis of long-term PPP contracts. The author shows the assumptions under which this compromise would be beneficial to public entities, multicultural societies and conventional and Islamic investors. It is proposed to distribute profit to the owners up to a predetermined value, above which the PPPs would finance public services for persons otherwise excluded from them. Originality/value - The success of this approach must depend on a compromise between profit maximisation as the sole investment objective and investment guided by social justice values. Private investors can achieve a capped level of profit on a long-term contract basis, and public partners can obtain long-term contracts for providing public goods. Both would undertake a project with a strong emphasis on corporate social responsibility, with particularly large opportunities in developing Islamic countries.


Traffic flow wave theory was studied by many authors , This article presents survey with references about various topics by using the kinematic waves theory to evaluate flows),(txq past any Pointx by time.t It is shown here how a formal solution can be evaluated directly from boundary or initial conditions. If there are shocks we have discontinuities in slope describing the passage of a shock and the solution is multiple valued, the solution can be evaluated directly from the boundary conditions by method of characteristic.


The heart of the current wireless communication systems (including 5G) is the Fourier transform-based orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM). Over time, a lot of research has proposed the wavelet transform-based OFDM as a better replacement of Fourier in the physical layer solutions because of its performance and ability to support network-intensive applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we weigh the wavelet transform performances against the future wireless application system requirements and propose guidelines and approaches for wavelet applications in 5G waveform design. This is followed by a detailed impact on healthcare. Using an image as the test data, a comprehensive performance comparison between Fourier transform and various wavelet transforms has been done considering the following 5G key performance indicators (KPIs): energy efficiency, modulation and demodulation complexity, reliability, latency, spectral efficiency, effect of transmission/reception under asynchronous transmission, and robustness to time-/frequency-selective channels. Finally, the guidelines for wavelet transform use are presented. The guidelines are sufficient to serve as approaches for tradeoffs and also as the guide for further developments.


: Online education provides students with more learning opportunities, but the depth and breadth of students' participation in online learning needs to be improved. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the article examines the impact of student participation in an online learning environment on academic retention. The experimental results show that when the student participation rate reaches 97.7%, academic retention can reach 99.3%. From this we can draw the following conclusions: (1) In a fully online learning environment, the higher the degree of student engagement is, the higher the academic retention is; (2) in a fully online learning environment, students' self-efficacy is positively correlated with academic retention; (3) in a fully online learning environment, teachers have a relatively small effect on student engagement and academic retention; (4) the higher the degree of teacher engagement is, the greater its impact on student academic retention is. The findings of the article can help schools develop more effective strategies to improve student engagement and academic retention, thereby improving the effectiveness of online learning for students.


A recent prospective trial showed sentinel lymph node surgery has a clinically significant high false negative rate in breast cancer patients with node-positive disease receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this interview we discuss surgical techniques that detect breast cancer in lymph nodes.


Reliable and accurate position information is of great importance for many mass-market and emerging applications. Network localization and navigation (NLN) is a promising paradigm to provide such information ubiquitously, where a network of nodes is used to aid in localizing its members. This paper explores various network operation strategies, which play an essential role in NLN as they determine the network lifetime and localization accuracy. Efficient network operation requires several functionalities, including node prioritization, node activation, and node deployment. The roles of these functionalities are described and different techniques for implementing respective functionalities via algorithmic modules are introduced. Some important concepts such as cooperative operation, robustness guarantee, and distributed design in the development of the network operation strategies are also introduced. Finally, numerical results are provided to demonstrate the localization performance improvement attributed to the optimized network operation strategies.


A new constitutive model coupling cavity effect based on elastic-viscoplasticity theory has been deduced. The stress-strain curve obtained in sheet superplasticity stretch simulation based on new constitutive has had superplastic flow characteristic, indicating that the new constitutive can describe the superplastic flow characteristic preferably. Sheet freedom bulging has been simulated, the thickness distribution during various deforming phases of the sheet using the new constitutive been studied and compared with Backofen model.


ABSTRACT Our paper develops and tests a research model that proposes that job satisfaction (JSAT), career satisfaction (CSAT) and work engagement (WENG) mediate the effect of psychological contract breach (PCB) on affective organizational commitment (AOC). Data were collected from small-sized hotel employees who occupy frontline positions in three waves in four cities in Ghana. The hypothesized linkages were assessed via structural equation modelling. The empirical data confirmed all the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, PCB had a negative impact on AOC. Additionally, JSAT, CSAT and WENG mediated the effect of PCB on AOC. Discussion of implications of the findings are included in the paper.


A making process for shallow slot segregation comprising, providing a backing material having ditch with smooth bottom corners, forming the first silicon oxide layer with smooth top corners on the surfaces of the ditch and the backing material using heat oxidation technology, forming an ion-implanted region under the first silicon oxide layer, depositing the second silicon oxide layer, polishing the first silicon oxide layer and the second silicon oxide till a predetermined total thickness, forming a second ion-implanted region in part of the first ion-implanted region, lastly cleaning the first silicon oxide layer and the second silicon oxide layer till the second ion-implanted region, making the second ion-implanted region exposed.


Ecological security is important for human health,natural resources,and socio-economical development. With the aggravation of environmental pollution,ecological problem in Yellow River Delta area had become the focus of attention. In this paper,as the Yellow River Delta for an example,the PSR model was used to construct the warning index system of Yellow River Delta. The paper carried on analysis to the Yellow River Delta ecological security early warning by entropy method. Three conclusions were as follows. Firstly,during the period of 2005-2010,the ecological environment of Yellow River Delta has been improved gradually,and the value of ecological security early warning value in 2010 was bigger than the one in 2005. Secondly,although ecological environment has been improved,the ecological security level in most areas of Yellow River Delta in 2010 was still in the third grade. Ecological security was not optimistic. Lastly,ecological environment in eastern area of Yellow River Delta was better than the one of the central and western area. The areas of the worst ecological environment basically concentrated in Dongying city and Binzhou city. The transformation of economic development mode,ecological restoration and compensation,the difference of regional spatial control are the necessary measures to improve the ecological environment of Yellow River delta.


For pt.I see ibid., vol.12, no.21, p.4431, 1979. In order to explain the unusually large values of the transverse effective charge (ZT*) in cubic IV-VI compounds, ZT* was calculated using pseudopotential parameters derived from detailed three-dimensional band structure calculations; the results agree with experimental values to within 20%. This new technique is extremely simple and is not confined to IV-VI compounds. It requires only a knowledge of the pseudopotential form factors, without the calculation of wavefunctions, matrix elements, or band energies, which are cancelled out by the f sum rule. The transfer for IV-VI compounds validate the conclusions of the earlier simplified one-dimensional model.


A 67-year old woman presented with worsening dyspnea, productive cough, and fever. She denied oral intake, and her symptoms were worse with tube feeds. Her medical history was significant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastric esophageal reflux disease (GERD), and severe oropharyngeal dysphagia status post percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube with jejunal extension placement one year prior. Physical exam was notable for bilateral end expiratory wheezes with right-sided basilar rales on auscultation of the lungs. PEG insertion site looked clean with no signs of infection or abnormal drainage. Chest x-ray showed right lower-lobe consolidation. Blood and sputum cultures were obtained and broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic coverage was initiated for a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia.


Bromus L. (Gramineae) has 9 species in Malesia, two are introduced (B. catharticus Vahl, B. diandrus Roth, incl. B. rigidus Roth), one is newly described (B. timorensis), one is given a new combination (B. kinabaluensis), and B. morrisonensis Honda is a new record (Luzon)one is given a new combination.


Summary

Identification of aroma compounds in Stinky Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and comparison of volatiles during fermentation (with spices and salt) and storage were analysed by electronic nose (e-nose) combining with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the sixty-one detected volatiles, thirteen aroma-active compounds, especially linalool, were identified in stinky mandarin fish according to thresholds and concentrations. Totally, twenty-four aroma compounds correlated well with the periods of fermentation and storage. Trimethylamine, indole, sulphur-containing compounds, acetic acid, esters and phenols increased continually, while aldehydes decreased. According to these quality indicators, e-nose data using principal component analysis showed a clear discrimination of the fermented fish and were in good agreement with the results of GC-MS. In conclusion, fermentation favoured to retard spoilage and provided new aroma compounds. The technique employing an e-nose in combination with GC-MS could compare and identify the aroma and quality of stinky mandarin fish.


Since the recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans were published,1 questions have been raised regarding the recommendations for cuff sizes in subjects with obese arms and how the width of the cuffs should relate to the length.2 In the 1993 recommendations,3 the largest recommended bladder width was 20 cm, whereas in the latest version it is 16 cm (Table).

View this table:

1993 and 2005 Recommendations for Cuff Sizes in Obese and Overweight Subjects

The 2005 document stated that, "the 'ideal' cuff should have a bladder length that is 80%, and a width that is at least 40% of arm circumference (a length to width ratio of 2:1). A recent study comparing intra-arterial and auscultatory blood pressure concluded that the error is minimized with a cuff width of 46% of the arm circumference."

The study that examined this issue was published by Marks and Groch,4 who measured blood pressure directly from the radial artery and indirectly from the brachial artery in 50 subjects who were in an intensive care unit and had intra-arterial lines as part of their routine care. The average arm circumference of these patients was 29.7 cm, and the published figure show that the highest circumference was 37 cm. Thus, only 2 of their 50 patients had arm circumferences in the 35 to 44 cm range, and none had circumferences …


Background assumptions: Continued entrepreneurship is the combination of learning and opportunity identification. Within a traditional functional specialisation thinking of management tasks, areas such as learning, knowledge creation and skill-building are usually considered central questions for Human Resource Management and thus questions of primarily internal relevance to the firm. On the other hand phenomena such as creativity, opportunity sensing and new product development are considered more marketing oriented questions and thus related to the problem of managing the external environment of the firm. When functional specialisation is low or perhaps not even present, as in most small firms, the distinction between internal and external oriented functions, as outline above, is no longer that obvious. You may argue that learning and opportunity identification are knit more closely together – a central question related to the marketing and entrepreneurship interface is: how? The paper examines this relationship. On the basis of two case-studies; one of a small firm and one of a larger firm two models of learning and opportunity identification are established – one describing the process in small firms – the other in large firms. Based on the first model, we argue that when smaller firms begin a process of systematic competence development, this process is in accordance with their culture and everyday working practice. They do not have a strong functional specialisation and most activities thus involve or integrate a number of dimensions and levels of the organisation: production, organisation, communication and HR. They rarely begin a "clean" learning and education project. Instead the typical starting point is a specific problem such as faster adjustments of machines, but in order to solve that problem a broad number of initiatives and approaches are introduced, such as team building, decentralisation and change of interaction with customers. Based on the second model, we argue that, in larger firms, the process is typically controlled by a department within the firm, such as the human resource or marketing departments. The department is responsible for the whole project and formulates a plan for the entire company based on the general goals and strategy of the firm. Such a plan would systematically involve all employees, as competence development and learning throughout the company is necessary. In this case the goal is broad, but the tools and methods used are narrow i.e. education of employees. In the paper each model is analysed according to existing theories of learning and opportunity identification; and from this analysis a number of propositions for practice and further research are put forward.


The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders resulting from inherited defects in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Affected children develop progressive connective tissue changes and/or progressive psychomotor retardation. Treatment is available for some disorders and is most effective when started early. Early manifestations are non-specific and diagnosis is usually reliant on the finding of an increased GAG excretion performed as part of a metabolic screen, using a dye binding assay with dimethylmethylene blue (DMB). Some reports have questioned the reliability of this technique for detecting MPS disorders. We have performed this test since 1997 and present a review of the performance of the assay in our hands. Results Over 70,000 urines have been tested with 54 confirmed positive cases (14 MPS I, 14 MPS II, 21 MPS III, 2 MPS IV, 2 MPS VI and 1 MPS VII). One MPS III patient had a result at the upper limit of normal and one adult patient with MPS IV had a result in the normal range. The remainder were all clearly abnormal. Conclusion The DMB test is a reliable first line investigation for MPS but negative results should be reported with a comment regarding discussion with the laboratory if there are strong clinical suspicions of an MPS disorder.


The 'turi-turian' folklore is assumed to be a bedtime story for children. Folklore has an essential message as an implied message for the reader or listener. Folklore is the ethnic creativity of traditional communities that maintains the culture and is firm in living traditions that are passed down from generation to generation. This study aims to highlight the local wisdom of the Sipirok tribal community through its folklore. This research uses qualitative research methods with ethnographic design, which includes data collection of folklore texts, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The data of this research is sourced from the analysis of data from Angkola folklore collected in the book 'Turi-turn Nihalak Angkola Banggo-banggo'. This research reveals that folklore texts have a wealth of philosophical values that reflect the characteristics of indigenous peoples that have existed from the past until now which are still maintained as wisdom that is still upheld by indigenous communities. As one of the intangible assets of the Angkola Sipirok community, which has an ethnic culture, it is reflected in the characteristics of the Angkola Sipirok indigenous people who teach values as local wisdom. Based on the data analysis of the Sipirok 'Turi-turian' folklore, several local pearls of wisdom were found: persistence, hard work, deliberation, cooperation, social spirit, and willingness to help.


A major 4.8 million bbl crude-oil terminal near the city of Kralupy nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, began operations in August 1995. The major objective of building the termain was to cover oil-supply shortfalls with Czech oil-storage capacities and eventually to blend different crude-oil grades to meet the needs of Czech refineries. The paper describes the three stages of construction, the storage tanks, terminal piping and pumps, fire protection systems, water treatment plants, and the control systems.


The Current Population Survey provides data that are used to compare gaps in the labor earnings of women and men, people of different races, and people of different levels of education; this article presents a data series that uses cell means and more accurately measures gaps and trends in earnings than do other publicly available series


[Task] In a variable valve actuation mechanism, which has an unlocking element which unlocks a locking mechanism for maintaining a rocker arm in a non-movable state to allow an assembly of the unlocking element integrally in a support element of the unlocking element, whereby assemblability a subassembly containing the unlocking member and the retaining member is improved relative to the engine main body. [Solvent] The variable valve actuation mechanism includes a trigger pin 37 which releases a restriction of axial movement of the rocker arm according to an axial movement of a rocker arm shaft 14, and a retaining member (the rocker 14), which has an insertion hole into which the trigger pin insert 37, and which the trigger pin 37 supports movable in the insertion direction. The trigger pin 37 includes upper and lower portions of greater width 37b, 37c, which are arranged on both sides in the insertion direction, wherein the upper and lower portions of greater width 37b, 37c, the sliding movement of the trigger pin 37 block, which has a predetermined range relative to the retaining element exceeds. Continue to allow the upper and lower portions of greater width 37b, 37c to the trigger pin 37 in the retaining member in a state in which it is prevented from slipping out of the insertion hole in front of a of a position to be assembled integrally.


Abstract The results of the observation of as-grown domain structure in lead germanate Pb5Ge3O11 (LGO) by specially deviced cleavage method are presented. The influence of periodic composition inhomogeneties (growth layers) is investigated. It is shown that the observed at room temperature frozen-in domain pattern is defined by the orientation of growth layers relative to the polar axis and selfreconstruction of domain distribution during cooling.


The proposed multimicroprocessor bus system combines ease of expansion, software reconfigurability, and reasonable cost. The basic design principle is a high-speed ECL bus shared by all the 16-bit processors, memories, and peripherals, such that each device has access to the bus during every processor clock cycle. Increasing system versatility and improving cost effectiveness in the implementation of multimicroprocessor system design are the goals of this bus design. 11 references.


The construction of the model of higher vocational colleges has greatly improved the level of running of the higher vocational colleges, and enhanced the ability of serving economy and social development in higher vocational colleges. After the demonstration, we should focus on the origin of education, deepen the construction of specialty, strengthen the construction of the system of school enterprise cooperation, and strengthen the construction of school culture.


Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is now widely used to alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The long-term goal is to develop a quantitative tool to facilitate selection of DBS settings in the clinic since the typical parameter selection process may not adequately consider the effects of DBS on posture control. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of changing the stimulation amplitude of DBS on posture control in PD. A dynamic posture shift paradigm involving target acquisition was used to assess posture control in 4 PD STN-DBS subjects. Each subject was tested at 4 stimulation amplitude settings: Clinically-determined (CD) settings, moderate (approx. 70% CD), low (approx. 30% CD), and off (no stimulation). Movements of the center of pressure and the position of the pelvis were monitored and several quantitative indices were calculated. The most substantial change was reductions in the peak velocity and the average movement velocity during the initial and mid phases of movement towards the target posture. These results may be explained in terms of increased akinesia and bradykinesia in the altered stimulation conditions. Thus, the dynamic posture shift paradigm can reveal changes in posture control capabilities, as evidenced by changes in movement velocity, due to alterations in DBS stimulation settings.


The purpose of this Symposium is to ascertain whether cure rates are sufficiently increased by supervoltage irradiation to warrant the installation of super-voltage apparatus in all radiation therapy departments. After thirteen years of clinical experience with this modality, I find two types of supporting evidence: the individual case of arrest of an unusual, advanced cancer known to be intractable to more common methods, and the statistical series confined to a single type of lesion. I shall present here a case of multiple intraoral cancer and two types of carcinoma of the testis, radiosensitive seminoma and radioresistant tro-phocarcinoma (embryonal carcinoma). The theoretically developed support of the value of supervoltage irradiation is being modified through clinical testing as a result of unexpected and paradoxical observations. Three Successive Intraoral Cancers: Case Report On Nov. 5, 1951, a white male, aged 82 years, was seen with a lump in the right side of the neck of two weeks duration. Two...


In spite of all the glamour and hype surrounding it, it could be argued that electronic retailing is nothing more than glorified catalog selling. While this may appear to be so at present, we argue emphatically that it will not remain this way. Using a socio-technical framework, we analyze the enormous potential that electronic retailing has to alter the very way we think about retailing and the benefits accruing for customers and sellers.


For a sensor assemblies for three-dimensional environment perception, relate to mobile robot's environment perception technology field. solved existing apparatus due to complex structure and scan mode single, cause the problem that scanning accuracy is low. motor driver. drive direct current generator to rotate, turning cylinder is connected with laser sensor support by bearing, on laser sensor rotating turret, be fixed with laser sensor, the end face of riser and motor case is fixed, the one side of tooth bar limiting plate and riser is fixed, tooth bar embeds in described tooth bar limiting plate, cam is connected with one end of tooth bar by transmission mechanism, wheel and rack is connected with a joggle, gear is connected with the base of video camera by transmission mechanism, the center of rotating disc is fixedly connected with by connecting rod with the center of cam, the end face of riser is convex structure with the junction of the side adjacent with gear, on the arc surface of this convex structure, have slideway, the pony sill of body propagated sensation sensor is located on slideway. the present invention is applicable to three-dimensional environment to scan.


Clustering algorithms in data mining is the method for extracting useful information for a given data. It can precisely analyze the volume of data produced by modern applications. The main goal of clustering is to categorize data into clusters according to similarities, traits and behavior. This study aims to describe regional cluster pattern of rainfall based on maximum daily rainfall in Johor, Malaysia. K-Means algorithm is used to obtain optimal rainfall clusters. This clustering is expected to serve as an analysis tool for a decision making to assist hydrologist in the water research problem.


Countries development are mostly judged and categorized according to economic conditions, human development and technology development. Ranking tools like e-Government index by United Nation (UN) is one such tool that is used by policy makers while employing the information and communication policies and allocating the resources to implement those policies. In spite of mostly used, currently used e-Government ranking tools have some limitations. For example, UN e-Government index does not handle the changing technology enhancements in ICT. In this paper we assessed, UN e-Government index and its components, identified and added social media as new parameter to UN e-Government index by using data collected from UN 193 member government websites. The alternate UN e-government index responds to the needs of enhancements and expansions in Information and Communication Technology.


According to the literature, a relationship exists between auditory discrimination and articulatory production (Weiner, 1967). The possibility of a difficulty in auditory discrimination as an etiological factor in functional articulatory disorders has been suggested (Prins, 1963). Recently Ringel, et al. (1970) have demonstrated that so called functionally articulatory defective individuals, both adults and children, frequently commit more errors than do normally speaking persons in discriminating oral-stereognostic forms in the oral cavity. This would indicate that these people receive faulty sensory input from the oral cavity. The motor theory of speech perception implies that sensory information from the oral cavity is required in the perception of phonemes. Therefore, it would seem that sensory information from the oral cavity would be necessary in discriminating between phonemes especially when these phonemes are removed from each other by place of articulation. It follows then that these individuals would also have difficulty receiving sufficient sensory information to discriminate between the oral-stereognostic forms. This study was designed to determine whether the oral-stereognostic test proposed by Ringel, et al. (1970) could be employed in predicting those adults with normal articulation who perform inadequately on the auditory discrimination test of sounds removed by place of articulation. Fifty adults with normal articulation were selected from a college population. They presented no evidence of motorical involvement. Their hearing was within normal limits. They received the Ringel, et al. oral-stereognostic test and the Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Test of Auditory Discrimination (1770) noise subtest only. The discrimination test was presented through earphones (Rotel RH 630) at a sensation level of 30 dB SPL in a sound treated booth. Both tests were randomized and presented in the suggested manner. Results of the testing indicated a low but significant correlation of .39 (p = 0.05) between errors on the audirory-discrimination task and the oral-stereognostjc [ask. The mean number of errors for the oral-stereognostic test was 4.9 (SD of 2.0). This did not vary to a great degree from the mean of 4.0 (SD of 1.7) for normal adults as teported by Ringel, et al. The mean number of errors for the auditory discrimination task was 4.7 (SD of 2.3) which was below the mean of 5.78 (SD of 2.08) recorded by Goldman, Fristoe, and Woodcock. The relatively low correlation does not allow the authors to predict difficulty in auditory discrimination in an adult population from scores on this standardized oralstereognosric test. Many explanations may be put forth as possible reasons for achieving this low correlation. First of all, the stereognostic test may not be sophisticated enough to isolate the subtle difficulties of sensory input experienced by a normal adult population. A second group of deviant adults and possibly a group of children may have scores which would correlate more highly. Possibly using only the more difficult forms from the Ringel, et al. test might eliminate some measures of the oral-stereognostic task which are not sensitive to 'place' discrimination defects in adults. The authors are presently investigating these possibilities.


Chrysanthemum (Compositae) is the second largest cut-flower after rose among the ornamental plants traded in the global flower market. It is propagated vegetatively as it has a strong sporophytic self-incompatibility system as shown by all members of Asteraceae family. Chrysanthemum grandiflora is a hybrid species which is the result of repeated cycles of inter specific crossing among elemental species bear blooms with two types of florets arranged on a flattened axis called capitulium. The outer florets are called ray floret and inner florets as disc floret. The ray florets have only female parts while disc floret may have both male and female parts and a tubular made up of five united petals. Being a cross pollinated crop, a lot of variation is present in chrysanthemum varieties. Twelve random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and eighteen and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) markers were used for the evaluation of genetic variation and to assess polymorphism of cultivated chrysanthemum tested the genetic stability of chrysanthemum. The results indicate that the rate of polymorphism showed significant differences as compared to other existing varieties. The average number of total polymorphic bands were 3.78 for RAPD and 2.94 for ISSR markers. The size of RAPD and ISSR amplified fragments varied from 100bp – 2000 bp. Therefore RAPD allow the rapid detection of DNA polymorphisms, from many individuals or pooled samples. The advantages of RAPD lies in its simplicity, rapidity, requirement for only a small quantity of DNA and the ability to generate numerous polymorphisms. Thus it is considered a powerful technique for genetic analysis ISSR technique independently or in combination with other markers is used for genetic characterization of different plant species as an alternative reliable technique to study genetic diversity based on the presence of micro-satellites throughout genome.


This issue commences with a brilliant paper by Christopher Day, the AERA 2011 awardee of the Michael Huberman Award for Excellence in Research on the Lives of Teachers. Many readers in the U.S. context may not recognize Professor Day's work from England, but the topics he covers in this paper should ring familiar. Drawing on and extending Michael Huberman's work from the late 1970s and early 1980s, Professor Day discusses the complexities of teachers' classroom and personal lives over time, based on a recent four-year national study of 300 elementary and secondary teachers in 100 schools throughout England who were in different professional phases of their teaching trajectories. This work identified teachers' "professional life phases" and led to important insights into the personal, school, socio-cultural, and policy conditions teachers experience in the world of teaching. Professor Day argues for the value of research on teacher education as a moral obligation, which he articulates as "a sense of deep responsibility of contributing to the 'betterment' of society through our work on, about, with, and for teachers." The articles in this issue that follow Professor Day's treatise seek to investigate the lives of current teachers as they deal with work-life realities, tensions, and complexities of teaching and learning to teach. These are the new lives of teachers, as Professor Day points out: adjusting to new policies and curricula, changing identities, learning about others, teaching in dysfunctional bureaucracies, and learning from research. Amy Vetter uses the metaphor "teachers as architects of transformation" to examine teacher change as an identity process in which teachers transform their practices in tandem with they way they see themselves within the context of school. The teachers in Vetter's study invested in a teacher research group charged with re-envisioning the kind of teachers they wanted to be. The main focal teacher was in her 5th year of teaching, a professional life phase in which, according to Professor Day's research, identity, efficiency, and effectiveness are considered paramount for managing life and work experiences. Vetter's analysis bears this out. Vera L. Stenhouse and Olga S. Jarrett examine the purpose and value of service learning, critical pedagogy, and problem-solving learning for pre-service urban teachers. This research describes what they learned over five years of implementing problem solving approaches through service learning. The pre-service teacher actively participated in their own learning about community issues they deemed important. Stenhouse and Jarrett show that problem-solving learning is challenging for some students because of issues of power. They found tensions with respect to the who holds and has power in collective decision making, particularly when there are power differentials among and between participants. Nonetheless, they remain encouraged that by engaging students to envision a better society through service work and doing critical pedagogy, students gain the tools for taking action toward that end. Jill C. Lynch presents a case study of a graduate seminar in which teachers critically questioned the ubiquitous educational concepts of "creativity," "collaboration," "community," and "voice" as they are used in educational discourse. What makes this article exciting is that Lynch used art, photography, and digital images rather than text to inspire reflections and conversation about these concepts Lynch is interested in learning how art-based images and the reflective discussions around them promoting new ways of thinking about practice, and ultimately change the way teachers teach. Lynch laments, however, that based on students' projects for the seminar, a majority of teachers in the class paid little attention to student voice, connections with school communities, or issues of power. She muses that the minimal attention paid to student voice and diverse communities may result from the limited understanding of the way teachers silence their students or take time to know their students' communities. …


This article classified the CAN bus in accordance with the bus number, and detailedly studied the development status and problems both in single bus redundant system and dual-bus redundant system, moreover analyzed three main issues exist in redundant technique applications with high reliability which are the rapidity and accuracy of network fault detection, and how to improve network efficiency in data transmission and reduce the probability of task conflict, as well as flexible and efficient in design of communication protocol. Finally, the foreground applications of CAN bus in high-reliability field like Aero-Space is summarized.


The distribution of tenascin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, and that of actin filaments were studied in the developing urethra of mouse embryos by antitenascin immunofluorescent and rhodamine-phalloidin staining. Tenascin appeared transiently in the urethral mesenchyme at the site of active morphogenesis in which the urethral epithelium separated from the surface epithelia of the glans and prepuce, being tubular, and the bilateral mesenchymes lining the preexisting urethral epithelium were seamed together in the ventral side of the tubular urethra immediately after the epithelial separation. The spatially and temporally restricted distribution of tenascin corresponded well to that of mesenchymal cells which possessed many actin filaments. These observations suggest that tenascin is involved in the cytoskeletal organization of mesenchymal cells in the active phase of morphogenesis.


The researches on a vapor cycle system start late in China. The vapor cycle cooling system is not a mature technolog . With the aid of advanced refrigeration technology at home and abroad, this paper focuses on research and development of the vapor cycle cooling system of the helicopter. Based on the design parameters of the vapor cycle cooling system, this paper carries out the match design, determines the operation condition and thermodynamic cycle pressure-enthalpy chart, conducts thermodynamic calculation, and obtains the main performance parameters and the required refrigerating capacity, which provides a basis for the match design in the actual system.


Detection of hidden corrosion on aircraft structures using conventional ultrasonic testing (UT) techniques is difficult because of the thin walls and topography of the corrosion. These characteristics require use of high-frequency, high-spatial-resolution transducers to attempt to detect backwall signal amplitude. It is usually difficult to visually discriminate backwall signals of thin wing structure from the normal ringdown of the initial pulse of the transducer (from the front-surface reflection). A technique was developed that increases the reliability of ultrasonic detection of hidden corrosion. The technique, called aural ultrasonics, involves complete transformation of the ultrasonic information into audible sounds. A trained inspector can listen to the sounds generated by the aural UT equipment and detect the presence of hidden corrosion. The aural ultrasonic technique, associated equipment, and evaluation on hidden-corrosion test samples will be discussed in this paper.


Using reverse micelle templating as a universal method for perovskites, we have been able to produce emitting particles across the visible spectrum. Both polymer and inorganic shells around the perovskite core have shown increased stability, as well as unusual room temperature crystal structures and optical properties. The slowed down reaction kinetics allows precise tuning of the compositions, sizes and distributions.


The invention discloses a water-soluble thin film with a good water dissolving performance and a small bag prepared from the water-soluble thin film. The thin film is prepared from allyl acetate and a hydrolyzed derivative of a polymer of a second monomer; the thin film meets the following conditions: (a1) the hydrolyzing degree of the polymer is 90 percent to 99.5 percent; (a2) the viscosity of a water solution of the thin film with the mass percent of 4 percent is 10 centipoises to 25 centipoises; (a3) the thickness of the thin film is 70 microns to 85 microns; (a4) the second monomer is an acrylic monomer. The second monomer is selected from one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylate or methacrylate. Before being subjected to ageing treatment, the single small bag prepared from the thin film is completely dissolved in one liter of water within 5 minutes; after being subjected to the ageing treatment, the single small bag prepared from the thin film is completely dissolved in one liter of water within 10 minutes, so that the water-soluble thin film has the very good water dissolving performance.


This paper reports the development of simple and economical reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for five basic taste sensing applications. Twenty different test solutions for the five tastes of salty, sour, sweet, umami, and bitter at 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100
 ppm, 1000 ppm concentration levels were tested with the fabricated SPEs. From experimental results, electrical signals generated between the electrode and test solution interface were measured using the potentiometric method. Satisfactory potentiometric responses of SPEs to different ppm concentrations
 for each sample were used to analyze the sample data. Histogram using the statistical tool was used to analyze the changes in the conductivity response. A multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical tool correlated using loading plots between variables and factors of all the
 five basic tastes. The plot showed the interrelation between variables and test samples. The obtained experimental results from these rGO based SPEs make them suitable for their use in taste sensing applications such as for any taste disorder disability, food-producing industry, pharmaceutical
 industries, etc.


With emerging requirement of local low-latency services, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a promising solution to tackle the challenge between urgent demands for computation capability and limited battery energy of mobile devices. Moreover, the sharing property of applications costs waste as for the processing of redundant data, which derives an imperative need for the collaboration among users. In this paper, by leveraging these features, we design a D2D-assisted MEC system for energy efficiency of devices with the consideration of task delay. For sake of energy minimization, a strategy that jointly optimizes resource allocation and tasks offloading assignment is proposed. Further, a low-complexity algorithm is developed to decompose the original problem into two subproblems and get the sub-optimal solution efficiently. Simulation results present the efficient and effective performance of the proposed algorithm with different application parameters. Particularly, it is shown that our proposed algorithm gets 48.41%~90.58% and 37.33%~96.63% improvement of energy consumption than those of non-collaboratively offloading scheme and randomly offloading scheme, respectively.


A new optical biosensor based on MDR resonances is presented. An asymptotic expression is developed based on Maxwell equations to characterize WGM resonance shifts. The proposed biosensor is designed based on the theory developed.


In order to enhance the utility ratio of solar energy,the photovoltaic array should work on the maximum power point all the time.This paper proposes to track the maximum power point separately by BP neural network and grey BP neural network.We simulate and analyze the characteristics of the photovoltaic cell with setting parameters;secondly train the established BP neural network by Matlab programming to get the optimal training factor by which the maximum power point tracking model for the photovoltaic cell with setting parameters is established;then regulate difference by grey forecasting to get the forecasting model and maximum power point tracking model with little difference.The calculation shows that the maximum power point tracking based on grey BP neural network is fast and accurate.


Orthopaedic impaction-instruments are used to drive implants into the bone of the patient. Pre-clinical experimental testing protocols and computer models of those are used to assess robustness and functional efficiency of such instruments. This generally involves impaction of the instrument mounted on a substrate that should represent the mechanics of the patient. In this study, the effects of the substrate on stressing of the impaction-instruments were investigated using dynamic finite element analysis. Model results were compared with experimental data from lab protocols, which have been derived to recreate the mechanics of cadaveric implantations, which represent clinical conditions.FEA models of selected experimental protocols were created in which a simplified instrument was impacted on substrates with varying material properties and boundary conditions. After impaction, the instrument settled into a modal vibration which then decayed over time. The resulting axial strain data from the computational model was compared to strain-gauge data collected from experimental measurements. Strain signal amplitude, frequency and decay were compared. The damping-ratio was derived from the decay of the strain signal.The computational model slightly over-predicted the initial experimental strain amplitudes in all cases, but the frequency of the cyclic strain signals matched. However, the model underestimated the experimentally measured rate of signal decay. Inclusion of implant seating and soft-tissue conditions had little effect on decay.Clinical failures of impaction-instruments may be related to multiple fatigue cycles for each impaction and should be modelled accurately to allow failure prediction. Any soft substrate results in an impedance mismatch at the instrument interface, which reflects the pressure wave and causes vibration with a frequency related to the speed-of-sound in the instrument, and its geometry. While this could be accurately modelled computationally, signal decay was underestimated. Further experimental quantification of energy losses will be important to understand vibration decay.


The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a color filter, comprising: a black matrix layer formed on the substrate, the substrate comprising a first region of the black matrix layer has been formed, the second region and the third region; forming a first region of the same color resist layer, a cured resist layer of the first color is carried out at a first temperature; a second color resist layer is formed in the second region, the second colored cured resist layer is carried out at a second temperature; the first three color resist layer forming a third region, the third color resist layer curing is carried out at a third temperature, said first, second color constituting a color resist layer and the third color resist layer, the color of the final color a transparent conductive layer and a barrier liner layer. Wherein the first temperature and the second temperature is lower than the third temperature, a first temperature and a second temperature, the first, second light-cured color resist layer, after processing by the third temperature the first, second, and third color resist layer is completely cured.


Through an examination of Robert Browning's early and middle works, this thesis studies the function and responsibility of the artist in society and the world. Following a brief introduction which looks at Victorian society's expectations of the artist, this study first examines Browning's early works. These early works reveal Browning's uncertainty and doubt as he struggled to define his purpose and to find form. The study of Sordello, Browning's major early work, shows Browning rejecting the aesthetic approach to art. He emphasizes the social responsibility of the artist, and in a direct comment which is rare for Browning, he articulates what is to be his purpose and his duty to man and God. This comment by Browning indicates deep compassion and sympathy for man, and he dedicates his art to the service of man. -- The remainder of this thesis is a study of Browning's artist figures who fail to live up to Browning's ideals of the artist. Chapter four is a study of two artists who work in isolation. The first artist, Jules of Pippa Passes, emphasizes art and beauty; Pictor Ignotus, the second artist, emphasizes that the purity of art is destroyed by contact with the world. The thesis next studies Browning's artist figures who turn to the world. The artist Andrea del Sarto misuses his talent and the world; the other artist, Fra Lippo Lippi, presents many of Browning's theories regarding life and art. This artist sees the importance of the world and man, and he believes his function as an artist is to reproduce the beauty of the world, so that man can be awakened to its meaning and truth. -- Finally, there is a summary of the findings of this study, and the conclusion emphasizes that Browning strongly believed that the artist had a duty and responsibility to the world and man.


In objective Bayesian model selection, no single criterion has emerged as dominant in defining objective prior distributions. Indeed, many criteria have been separately proposed and utilized to propose differing prior choices. We first formalize the most general and compelling of the various criteria that have been suggested, together with a new criterion. We then illustrate the potential of these criteria in determining objective model selection priors by considering their application to the problem of variable selection in normal linear models. This results in a new model selection objective prior with a number of compelling properties.


In this paper we have studied and obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for a contravariant almost analytic vector field to be strictly almost analytic vector field in Kenmotsu manifold as well as in trans-Sasakian manifold.


Although intelligent agents individually exhibit a number of characteristics, including social ability, flexibility, and robustness, which make them suitable to operate in complex, dynamic, and error-prone environments, these characteristics are not exhibited in multi-agent interactions. For instance, agent interactions are often not flexible or robust. This is due to the traditional message-centric design processes, notations, and methodologies currently used. To address this issue, we have developed Hermes, a goaloriented design methodology for agent interactions which is aimed at being pragmatic for practicing software engineers. Hermes focuses on interaction goals, i.e., goals of the interaction which the agents are attempting to achieve, and results in interactions that are more flexible and robust than messagecentric approaches. In this chapter, we present the design and implementation aspects of Hermes. This includes an explanation of the Hermes design processes, notations, and design artifacts, along with a detailed description of the implementation process which provides a mapping of design artifacts to goal-plan agent platforms, such as Jadex.


The invention discloses a rice bran polysaccharide and the extraction method of rice bran protein, which comprises the following steps: getting rice bran degreasing draff powder after disintegrating rice bran degreasing draff; adding water and aqueous alkali in the rice bran degreasing draff powder; dealing with hypersonic, mixing and extracting 10-180 minutes in 50Deg. C-80Deg. C bath temperature after homogenate; centrifugalizing after the extraction; disposing residues; getting extract of the rice bran polysaccharide and the rice bran protein; adjusting pH 4. 1-4. 5 after hydrolyzing starch with amylase in the extract; depositing protein; centrifugalizing; getting supernatant with rice bran polysaccharide and protein deposition; collecting protein deposition; getting rice bran protein product after drying. The invention improves the extraction rate of the rice bran polysaccharide and the rice bran protein effectively.


Abstract Nowadays, H.264/AVC reaches very high resolutions, flexible depending on the application, which particularly leads to a very large amount of data compression. The motion estimation defines the most-complex process and the most interesting at the same time; its complexity appears with a consumption of more than 60% of total encoding time which make it difficult to achieve real-time encoding required in many video applications, but the interesting part is the flexibility to make its implementation variant according to the application. For this purpose, the following paper presents a speed real-time hardware implementation of integer motion estimation used in H.264/AVC, the method is based on the full-search block-matching algorithm. The proposed architecture calculates best motion vector using a parallel process. It is composed of three processor modules and a comparator three values. Implementation results based on Field Programmable Gate Array devices uses Xilinx Virtex7 XC7VX550T show performance characteristics like low latency, high processing speed reaching 473 MHz of frequency. The processing capacity is up to 1080HD video streams with a search range of 48 × 48.


In this paper the TPC encoding theory and Pyndiah's SISO decoding algorithm are introduced.An iterative algorithm for TPC decoding is analyzed,and a hard decision rule is introduced to control the termination of the iterative process to reduce the time delay in decoding.An application example of TPC code in digital video transmission system is also presented.


Overview of consumer decision-making. Consumer problem recognition. Consumer problems and results. Business response to consumer problems. Consumer search for information. Patterns of consumer search. Business policy affecting search. Consumer evaluation and decision. Elements of the consumer decision. Business policy influences consumer choices. Consumer assessment of purchase. Consumer's check on purchase results. Business adjusts to consumer change. Index.


Biological barriers are of fundamental importance in understanding evolution, systems biology, and the prevention, ACHTUNGTRENNUNGdetection, and treatment of disease. Methods to enhance or ACHTUNGTRENNUNGcontrol selective passage of therapeutics or probes into or through such barriers are a key to the future of drug therapy and many fundamental advances in science. Research in this area offers the possibility of improving the bioavailability of existing drugs, enabling the delivery of new cargoes and drug candidates (e.g. , RNAi, shRNA, DNA, proteins, imaging agents, and sensors), accessing difficult sites (e.g. , the blood–brain barrier and eye), achieving tissueor cell-selective entry, modulating the activity of agents and controlling their release, and avoiding or minimizing toxicity and metabolism—all of which could dramatically enhance human therapy and our fundamental understanding of living systems. Biological barriers have evolved to perform many functions. They provide compartmentalization and are critical to the ACHTUNGTRENNUNGselective import, concentration, and export of compounds needed for sustenance, protection, movement, adherence, and replication. However, these very functions often present a formidable challenge for chemotherapy, limiting or precluding the uptake, and therefore the therapeutic benefit, of a variety of drugs. The perceived effectiveness of barriers is so great that most approaches to drug design select only drug candidates that fall into a rather narrow logP range so as to allow passage of the molecule through the polar extracellular milieu and diffusion across the relatively nonpolar membrane of a cell. A not uncommon view is that polar molecules cannot cross the nonpolar membrane of a cell. Reinforcing these selection criteria are the problems often encountered with molecules that fall outside of the preferred logP range. Poorly water-soluble taxol, for example, must be formulated in ethanol :Cremophor EL, and, at the other end of the polarity range, charged polar molecules, like oligonucleotides, often must be modified into less polar analogues to achieve cellular uptake. Thus, while much emphasis in recent years has been placed on "diversity" in drug discovery, many drug discovery strategies achieve only structural diversity while maintaining physical property (logP) homogeneity. In contrast, Nature utilizes molecules that cover a wide range of physical properties and structural diversity, offering important inspirations for new approaches to cell entry and hence to drug delivery. Several physical and molecular techniques have been developed over the years to enable drug or probe uptake into cells and tissue. The needle is one of the most commonly used devices for this purpose, although high pressure injections and other mechanical techniques have also been deployed more recently. Molecular approaches to enable or enhance drug uptake have traditionally centered on adjusting the physical properties of the drug candidate through the synthesis of numerous analogues from which those with optimal logP and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) characteristics are selected for advancement. This is a synthesis and time intensive exercise, as often hundreds if not thousands of analogues are made before an optimal candidate is identified. The time and effort involved in this approach have contributed to the increasing interest in other strategies. Encapsulation of drugs, even those with suboptimal physical properties, by using, for example, liposomes, provides an increasingly important means of overriding the problematic solubility characteristics of a drug candidate while often also offering advantages with respect to distribution and metabolism. Nature provides inspiration for other strategies for cell penetration as it has evolved a wide variety of delivery techniques ranging from the remarkably exquisite mechanism of fertilization to various entry mechanisms, including macropinocytosis, clathrinand caveolin-mediated entry, and receptor-mediated uptake. Folate, for example, is actively imported into cells. By attaching folic acid to a drug that cannot enter cells, or does so only poorly, a conjugate can be prepared that readily enters


Using the micromagnetics package MAGPAR, we study the ground states of NiFe nanorings with sub-100-nm lateral dimensions, in zero external field. We solve the Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation for three different initial magnetizations (in plane, out of plane, and vortex) to obtain the lowest energy state. Plotting the total energy as a function of thickness, along with its corresponding magnetostatic and exchange energies, we are able to identify various phase transitions and derive phase diagrams as a function of thickness and outer radius, normalized to the exchange length, for rings with different inner to outer radius ratios. We discuss the results in terms of shape anisotropy and its effect on the magnetostatic and exchange energies. We also compare the results of our numerical method to the phase diagram of a nanodot and the phase diagrams of rings obtained by analytical models. Finally, we present a new ground state configuration, the helix, found along the boundary between the vortex and out of plane phases, where the magnetization is vortex like, but with moments canted along the z direction


Abstract First order kinetic mean field games formally describe the Nash equilibria of deterministic differential games where agents control their acceleration, asymptotically in the limit as the number of agents tends to infinity. The known results for the well-posedness theory of mean field games with control on the acceleration assume either that the running and final costs are regularizing functionals of the density variable, or the presence of noise, i.e. a second-order system. In this article we construct global in time weak solutions to a first order mean field games system involving kinetic transport operators, where the costs are local (hence non-regularizing) functions of the density variable with polynomial growth. We show the uniqueness of these solutions on the support of the agent density. This is achieved by characterizing solutions through two convex optimization problems in duality. As part of our approach, we develop tools for the analysis of mean field games on a non-compact domain by variational methods. We introduce a notion of 'reachable set', built from the initial measure, that allows us to work with initial measures with or without compact support. In this way we are able to obtain crucial estimates on minimizing sequences for merely bounded and continuous initial measures. These are then carefully combined with L 1-type averaging lemmas from kinetic theory to obtain pre-compactness for the minimizing sequence. Finally, under stronger convexity and monotonicity assumptions on the data, we prove higher order Sobolev estimates of the solutions.


In this paper, three computationally proficient model predictive control (MPC) algorithms for least square support vector machine (LSSVM)-based Wiener model are described. A Wiener model with Laguerre filter as dynamic linear part and LSSVM approximator as nonlinear static part is considered. Even though having excellent approximation abilities, LSSVM suffers from lack of sparseness. A pruning algorithm for LSSVM model is proposed and its comparison is made with classical pruning algorithm. The proposed pruning algorithm is able to remove 99% of support vectors with no remarkable drop in modelling accuracy. Using pruned Wiener model, three computationally efficient MPC algorithms are described. In the first algorithm, linearization of Wiener model is performed at every sampling interval and therefore control vector is determined by carrying out a quadratic optimization task. In the second algorithm, control signal is determined by an explicit control law and parameters of this control law are computed by performing lower-upper (LU) factorization of a matrix and solving linear equations without any online optimization. In the third algorithm, the parameters of explicit control law are calculated directly by another LSSVM approximator, which is trained offline. The advantages and effectiveness of proposed methods are demonstrated on the benchmark pH neutralization reactor. The control performance and computational efficiency of proposed algorithms are compared with computationally complex nonlinear MPC, which repeats a nonlinear optimization task at every sampling interval. The impact of pruning on model accuracy, computational efficiency and control accuracy is also discussed.


The growth of halal cosmetic and personal care industry encourage the entrepreneur cosmetic and
personal care applying halal certification standard to increase their business performance. Yet, a study and efforts to explain halal cosmetic and personal care challenges remain scant compared to other halal product such as food, slaughter, and financial banking system.This conceptual paper explores the business challenges faced by the entrepreneurs in halal cosmetic and personal care. The source of this study based on a library study review from available statistics, annual reports as well as reliable articles. Overall, there are several challenges faced by entrepreneurs in this industry that is fulfill consumer demand, understanding shariah requirement, market competition, and organization capability.


Let X t be a weak solution of a stochastic differential equation of the form dXt = b(Xt) dt + dWt . We give stochastic and non-stochastic conditions which guarantee the finiteness respectively (uniform) bounds of the /«-divergence of X t with respect to Brownian motion. Some examples with exploding drifts b show the wide range of the context. As an application, we deal with some dichotomous decisoli problem. 0 Notations and background Throughout the paper it is always assumed that (with space-dimension d > 1) the drift b : M i-» M is a Borei measurable function (M := iRU{oo}) so that exploding drifts are allowed. As far as the non-stochastic conditions and examples are concerned, we confine ourselves to the case d > 3; the cases d = 1 and d — 2 can be treated similarly. Let us also fix an arbitrary Τ £ ]0, oo[ which shall play the role of the final time. If one wants to prove the existence of a weak solution of the d-dimensional stochastic differential equation (0.1) dXt = b(Xt) dt + dWt , t e [ 0 , T ] Xo has probability distribution μ on ]R AMS 1991 subject classifications: 94A17, 60H10, 60G46


Text detection in natural scenes holds great importance in the field of research and still remains a challenge and an important task because of size, various fonts, line orientation, different illumination conditions, weak characters and complex backgrounds in image. The contribution of our proposed method is to filtering out complex backgrounds by combining three strategies. These are enhancing the edge candidate detection in HSV space color using the fractal dimension (FD) to transform the image intensities, then using MSER candidate detection to get different masks applied in HSV space color as well as gray color. After that, we opt for the Stroke Width Transform (SWT) and heuristic filtering. Such strategies are followed so as to maximize the capacity of zones text pixels candidates and distinguish between text boxes and the rest of the image. The components selected non text are filtered by classifying the characters candidates using Support Vector Machines (SVM) exploring Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) features and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) vector features. We use the technique of word grouping who the boundary box localization select different words in the image where false positives text blocks are eliminated by geometrical properties. The evaluation of the proposed method demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for complex foreground through the experimental results tested on three benchmarks ICDAR2013, ICDAR2015 and MSRA-TD500.


ABSTRACT  A lively debate was witnessed in 2011 about the role of deductive and interpretive approaches in the production of anthropological knowledge, especially as it relates to archaeology. Scholarly output in archaeology this year reflects this concern. First, there is a trend toward furthering our archaeological imagination—finding new ways of asking questions that link the most empirical of research projects with innovative social theory. Second, there is an embracement of the messiness of archaeological data and the conclusions we can reach from it. By looking at the messiness of archaeological data and the limits of knowledge, archaeology asserts itself as an open frontier for anthropological inquiry. [anthropological archaeology, historical archaeology, environment, identity, power]


Dividing rivers into homogeneous reaches is key for river processes and watershed management. In contrast to downstream fluvially dominated rivers, upstream debris‐flow dominated torrents have steeper channel slopes and smaller valley width/depth ratios. Investigating transition reaches between torrents and fluvially dominated rivers, not only explores the structure of the landscape, but also contributes to hazard management. This study proposed a valley morphology index combining two variables, channel slope and valley width/depth ratio, to determine transition reaches between torrents and rivers. The methodology was applied to 41 mountain streams in Taiwan using a Geographic Information System (GIS)‐based topographic analysis. Plots of valley width/depth ratio versus channel slope were used to determine boundary values of the valley morphology index (Iv) separating torrents from rivers. The plots showed that about 80% of the river basins present "L‐shaped" curves, which indicate sharp decreases in slope for upstream sections and dramatic increases of valley width/depth ratio for downstream sections. Results further demonstrated an average value of Iv 0.0047 across the study sites. Spatial comparison between geographic regions indicated that transition reaches in eastern rivers tend to occur lower in the drainage basin due, in part, to higher terrain. Local factors, such as tributary confluences and landslides promote the transition from torrents to fluvially dominated rivers. Satellite images verified that the approach correctly identified transition reaches, suggesting that it may provide a useful reference for river management.


At present, the COVID-19 epidemic is still unfolding all over the world. In the face of the epidemic outbreak, all countries are trying their best to prevent the spread of the epidemic and reduce the harm brought by it. China has also taken a series of measures to effectively prevent and control the spread of the epidemic, and some achievements have been made in the prevention and control of the epidemic. And China is the only country in the world that has main-tained economic growth during the pandemic. The experience of dealing with public health emergencies with the Scientific Outlook on Development is an important reference for China's epidemic prevention and control. The Scientific Outlook on Development under the background of the outbreak still has important meaning. The theme of the Scientific Outlook on Development is how to develop our country under the pressure of resources and environment. In the process of epidemic prevention and control, China has adopted policies and measures that fully reflect the core position of putting people first, and at the same time, it has promoted comprehensive, balanced and sustainable economic and social development by conducting unified planning and taking all factors into consideration.


A method is described for the determination of the regions of the parameter space corresponding to stability and instability of the null solution of a restricted system of linear, periodic-coefficient ordinary homogeneous differential equations. The method is applicable to equations which represent the motion of a completely damped mechanical system. For such systems, there can be no periodic or almost-periodic solutions within the region of the parameter space corresponding to stable null solutions. Accordingly, by establishing those parameter values for which almost-periodic solutions are possible, one can determine the boundaries of the regions in the parameter space corresponding to stable solutions. This is accomplished by substituting an almost-periodic solution as the product of a specific periodic function and a Fourier series, obtaining by numerical search those parameter values which guarantee the existence of such a solution by the vanishing of a suitable approximation of a determinant of infinite size. This method is applied to a current problem in space vehicle dynamics, and comparison is made with a numerical implementation of Floquet theory.


Fe81-xCoxZr9B10(x=0,2,4,6) amorphous alloys were prepared by single roller melt-spinning.The glass formation ability and magnetic property of alloys were studied.Microstructure and magnetic property of alloys were measured by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The results showed that when quenching speed reachd 30 m/s,Fe81-xCoxZr9B10(x=0,2,4,6) amorphous alloys were formed.Special saturation magnetization(Ms) increased at first,and then decreases with increasing Co content.


In the paper the case of diffraction tomography with limited angle of projections is discussed from the experimental and algorithmic point of views. To reconstruct a 3D distribution of refractive index of an object under study, we use the hybrid approach, which enables to apply the standard Computer Tomography algorithms for phase data obtained by digital holography. We present the results of applying Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique together with Anisotropic Total Variation minimization (SART+ATV) on both a phantom object and real data acquired from an experimental setup based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration. Also, the analysis of the influence of the limited number of projections within a limited angular range is presented. We prove that in the case of simulated data, the limited number of projections captured in a limited angular range can be compensated by higher number of iterations of the algorithm. We also show that SART+ATV method applied for experimental data gives better results than the popular Data Replenishment algorithm.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how women working for different women's organizations within civil society in Zimbabwe perceive and experience their own as well as other women's ability and existing opportunities to influence and participate in politics and decision-making. Several research questions were elaborated that address the role of the women's organizations, the opportunities and challenges the interviewees believe exist for their own and other women's political participation as well as the strategies used by these organizations in order to enhance women's ability and opportunities to influence and participate in politics and decision-making. In this study, a qualitative method was used with a hermeneutic approach as a strategy of inquiry. In total, fourteen women working for different women's organizations in Zimbabwe were interviewed. The results show that various strategies are used by the women's organizations to create opportunities for their own and other women's political participation and to tackle the different challenges that they face as women of Zimbabwe. The role of these women's organizations and the work that they do is crucial to enhance women's political participation in the country. (Less)


Stepping Down Earth's environment changed markedly over the past 5.2 million years, when a permanent ice sheet has developed in the Northern Hemisphere and the glacial cycle has changed its period from roughly every 40,000 years to the dominantly 100,000-year duration of the past half-million years. One of the biggest questions about these changes is whether they were "threshold" responses to a gradual, uniform cooling trend or whether they represent reactions to discrete episodes of cooling. Sosdian and Rosenthal (p. 306) present deep-ocean temperature records from the North Atlantic that show that the cooling happened in distinct steps, at 3 to 2.5 million years ago and at 1.2 to 0.85 million years ago. Combining their record with that of deep ocean water oxygen isotopes allowed the distinction between effects due to global cooling and ice-sheet dynamics. Increases in glacial ice volume and ice-sheet dynamics are implicated in two distinct climate cooling events. Earth has undergone profound changes since the late Pliocene, which led to the development [~2.7 million years ago (Ma)] and intensification (~0.9 Ma) of large-scale Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, recorded as transitions in the benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope (δ18Ob) record. Here we present an orbitally resolved record of deep ocean temperature derived from benthic foraminiferal magnesium/calcium ratios from the North Atlantic, which shows that temperature variations are a substantial portion of the global δ18Ob signal. The record shows two distinct cooling events associated with the late Pliocene (LPT, 2.5 to 3 Ma) and mid-Pleistocene (MPT, 1.2 to 0.85 Ma) climate transitions. Whereas the LPT increase in ice volume is attributed directly to global cooling, the shift to 100,000-year cycles at the MPT is more likely to be a response to an additional change in ice-sheet dynamics.


A 5x4 m reverberating chamber of 3 m height has recently been installed in the group EES at Eindhoven University of Technology. The room is intended for EMC studies of emission and immunity of equipment and for the coupling of installation cables and shielding structures. Initially the room will be used up to 1 GHz; the final goal is 40 GHz. The lowest usable frequency depends on the room size. The quality factor and the electrical field strength related to the input power have been modeled to predict the chambers behavior. Model and the measurements match acceptably well. A simulation has been preformed as well with a Method of Moments model (FEKO) and indicates that the room fulfills the IEC requirements (less than 4 – 3 dB standard deviation) on statistical field uniformity starting at 200 MHz. Higher frequencies up to 1 GHz have been calculated as well, and agreement with IEC has been observed. The calibration results were not in line with the models and simulation. The models, simulations and an investigation of the calibration results have proved that the calibration contains errors. Comtest is writing new software to correct these errors to recalibrate the room in the near future.


A transition in audiology is underway. Audiologists are moving beyond the current allied health status and sole interest in the ear to an inter-professional status and awareness of ear health as a component of whole-body health. This professional transition has been decades in the making, picking up momentum with the expanding knowledge of comorbidities between many chronic diseases and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). One in two adults has a chronic medical condition and one in four adults has multiple chronic conditions (CDC, Aug. 2018; CDC, Sept. 2018). These conditions persist for 12 months or more, have a slow progression, rarely resolve spontaneously, and are normally not curable by medical intervention. They are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States and the leading driver of American health care costs (approaching $3 trillion per year; CMS, 2016). Treatment of patients with chronic diseases accounts for over 70 percent of the dollars spent on U.S. health care and over 90 percent of Medicare expenses (CDC, Aug. 2018). This article outlines a multi-step process for audiologists to determine the existence and clinical significance of comorbidities and the actions they can take to contribute toward improving patient outcomes in a holistic manner.


The utility model discloses a manual assembly machine for parallel flow condensers, which comprises a frame, a bedplate above the frame, and two flat tube comb tooth pieces distributed on the bedplate. A manual pressing mechanism is arranged between the two flat tube comb tooth pieces; each flat tube comb tooth piece comprises a comb tooth guide rod and a plurality of flat tube comb tooth blocks detachably connected on the comb tooth guide rod; each flat tube comb tooth block is provided with a flat tube comb tooth body and a plurality of flat tube comb tooth pieces arranged on two sides of the flat tube comb tooth body at equal intervals; and a through groove matched with the comb tooth guide rod is formed at the lower part of the flat tube comb tooth body of each flat tube comb tooth block. The manual assembly machine adopts the structure that the quantity of the flat tube comb tooth blocks can be adjusted according to the specifications of the parallel flow condensers, and then the assembly of the parallel flow condensers of different specifications can be satisfied through the manual pressing mechanism, the assembly efficiency can be improved, the assembly cost can be reduced, and large condensers can be conveniently assembled.


1 The effect of R56865 (N‐[1‐[4‐(4‐fluorophenoxy)‐butyl]‐4‐piperidinyl]‐N‐methyl‐2‐benzothiazolamine) on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+‐release channel function was investigated. The effect of R56865 on [3H]‐ryanodine and [3H]‐digoxin binding to SR vesicles and its effect on the ATP‐stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake into SR vesicles was also studied. 2 R56865 (0.5–50 μm) had no effect on single‐channel open probability (Po) when added to native cardiac SR Ca2+‐release channels, incorporated into planar phospholipid bilayers, that had previously been activated by 10 μm Ca2+. The single‐channel conductance (93 pS) and the Ca2+/Tris+ permeability ratio (12.5) were also unaffected by R56865. 3 R56865 failed to affect the rapid Ca2+‐induced efflux of 45Ca2+ from cardiac SR vesicles. The initial efflux rate at an extravesicular [Ca2+] of 0.1 μm was 176 ± 33 nmol 45Ca2+ mg−1 proteins s1 (n = 5). Addition of 0.5–50 μm R56865 to the efflux solution did not affect the initial efflux rate or the total amount of 45Ca2+ released from the vesicles. 4 The specific binding of [3H]‐ryanodine to SR vesicles can be viewed as a marker for SR Ca2+‐release channel activation. R56865 (0.05–50 μm) did not change the amount of specific [3H]‐ryanodine bound at 10 μm activating Ca2+. Taken together these data (points 2, 3 and 4) suggest that R56865 does not affect the Ca2+ activation of the cardiac SR Ca2+‐release channel. 5 R56865 (0.5–50 μm) decreased the ATP‐stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ into cardiac SR vesicles. The total amount of 45Ca2+ taken up into the vesicles was decreased by 26–37% and the initial rate of uptake was also reduced. 6 R56865 decreased the binding of [3H]‐digoxin to cardiac SR vesicles. It inhibited binding of [3H]‐digoxin to both sites on SR membranes. However, it acted as a mixed type of non‐competitive antagonist, as it increased the Kd and reduced the Bmax for [3H]‐digoxin. Additionally, when SR Ca2+‐release channels incorporated into bilayers were activated by 1 nm digoxin at 10 μm Ca2+, 5 μm R56865 decreased single‐channel Po to that seen prior to activation by digoxin, confirming that R56865 is an antagonist at the cardiac glycoside receptor site on the cardiac SR Ca2+‐release channel. 7 The results presented here show that R56865 decreases 45Ca2+ uptake into SR vesicles and also non‐competitively decreases the binding of cardiac glycosides to their activation sites on the SR Ca2+‐release channel. Since this compound fails to affect other aspects of the functioning of the SR, we conclude that inhibition of Ca2+‐uptake into the SR and/or antagonism of digoxin binding to its high affinity sites on the cardiac SR Ca2+‐release channel may contribute to the protection against glycoside‐induced toxicity seen with R56865. Indeed the reduction of Ca2+ uptake into the SR during Ca2+ overload may contribute to the protective action of R56865 against arrhythmias induced by veratridine or by ischaemia. Notwithstanding this, it is possible that the multitude of other actions on specific ion translocation processes, as well as the possible non‐specific membrane effects of R56865, may be as responsible for the protection against arrhythmias as the effects on SR function we have documented here. However, the simultaneous interference with more than one of these processes by R56865 may be required for its anti‐arrhythmic action.


In second language (L2) performance assessment, rater variability has long been recognized as a potential threat to the validity of testtakers' performance scores (AERA, APA, & NCME, 1999; Bachman, 2004; Bachman, Lynch, & Mason, 1995). Studies on L2 speaking assessments have identified where raters show differences; however, they have not yet explored why they show diverse rating patterns. To this end, this study examined the extent to which raters' experience affects their scoring behavior in an L2 speaking assessment. Six raters, who were categorized as novice, developing, and experienced raters based on their teaching and rating experience, scored six examinees' responses to a semi-direct speaking test consisting of eight tasks. The examinees' performances were scored on six predetermined components of speaking ability. While scoring using the analytic scoring criteria, the raters were asked to verbalize how they reached certain score decisions. The analysis of raters' ratings through a many-facet Rasch measurement model and the qualitative analysis of verbal reports showed distinctive rating behaviors of the three groups, especially in terms of degrees of dependence on the scoring criteria. The findings contribute to a better understanding of raters' scoring processes, and consequently, to more effective rater training.


The aim of the study was to examine the schemes proposed in the clinical guidelines and to compare them with inpatient treatment methods.Materials and method, the case histories of 40 patients of cardiology department of Saratov medical preventive institution were analyzed. Men and women, aged from 50 to 80 years, with functional class (FC) II to IV, with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (< 40 %) and with such diseases in anamnesis as arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus were in the inclusion group. The exclusion group included patients with noncardiac diseases, pediatric patients, patients under 50 and over 80 years old, patients with I class, preserved and intermediate LV ejection fraction (> 40 %). The results of immunochromatographic analysis of NT-proBNP marker were studied, the identity of prescribed drugs to a certain group and their frequency of use, as well as the similarity of prescribed regimen to clinical guidelines were determined.Results. NT-proBNP level over 125 pg/ml was revealed in 21 out of 40 patients, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease were in the anamnesis testifying to high probability of CHF. Perindopril (80 %) and fosinopril (20 %) were the main angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). Spironolactone (a К + -saving diuretic), thorasemide, furosemide (a loop diuretic) and indapamide (a thiazide-like diuretic) were used as diuretics. Among blockers, metoprolol (20 %), nebivolol (30 %), bisoprolol (50 %) were prescribed. Patients suffering from CHF and with a history of atherosclerosis were prescribed statins (rosuvastatin, atorvastatin) in addition to the main groups of drugs in all cases. Warfarin (9.5 %) and rivaroxaban (23.8 %) were present in 7 of 21 cases (33 %). In addition, 17 patients (81 %) were prescribed acetylsalicylic acid as an antiaggregant. Those with a history of diabetes mellitus (19 %) received metformin for glycaemic control, as an adjunctive therapy to the main combinations of drugs.Conclusions. The inpatient regimen used to treat patients with CHF is more in line with the clinical guidelines.


In this paper our motto is to give a simple and optimal networking solution by the integration of the VLSI technology with the networking domain, a router is the vital device in networking domain so the focus remains on router itself to get a better control over the network without sacrifice latency in favor of other goals, to enhance the network we go for the bridging loops which effect the latency and security concerns. The other is of multiple protocols being used in the industry today. With this paper the attempt is to overcome the security and latency issues with protocol switching technique embedded in the router engine itself. This paper is based on the hardware coding which will give a great impact on the latency issue as the hardware itself will be designed according to the need. In this paper our attempt is to provide a multi-purpose router by means of Verilog code, with this we can maintain the same switching speed with more secured way of approach we have even the packet storage buffer on chip being generated by code in this design. so we call this as the IP based router. This paper has the main focus on optimal implementation of hardware IP router. The approach here is that router will process multiple incoming IP packets with different versions of protocols simultaneously and even it is going to hold true for the IPv4 as well as for IPv6. This paper is going to be an enhancement in the domain of networking with VLSI technology.


Introduction: Epidemiological studies utilizing administrative databases typically use International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify stroke cases and estimate incidence rates. Ho...


A device is provided to transfer material for electro-conductive coating, such as paint on aqueous carrier, from a source to at least one coating ejection device (204) such as a spray gun, for application to a substrate. According to alternative embodiments, the coating material is supplied to the (x) device (s) projecting from parallel flow circuits which are relatively simple and inexpensive to construct and which are same to provide high flow rates material for coating at high pressures while substantially suppressing pressure fluctuations of the material for coating during the transition from one flow path to another.