A technique of forming a large-area uniform ion beam by multipole magnets is developed at the TIARA cyclotron facility of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The quality of the uniform ion beam is described by the crosssectional area and uniformity. A technique has, therefore, been developed to measure the two-dimensional transverse intensity distribution of the ion beam using Gafchromic radiochromic films, which are widely used for dose distribution evaluation in radiation therapy. The coloring response of Gafchromic films irradiated with ion beams is investigated as a change in the optical density of the film. It has been found that the optical density increases linearly with the ion-beam fluence and that, thus, the relative transverse intensity distribution of ion beams can be measured using the film at practical fluence ranges for materials and biological research. Furthermore, it is confirmed, by evaluating the microscopic pore areadensity distribution in a track-etched polymer film, that the uniform intensity distribution of the multipole-focused beam is realized microscopically, too.


While graduate study in acoustics takes place in several colleges and schools at the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), including Communication, Fine Arts, Geosciences, and Natural Sciences, this presentation focuses on the acoustics program in Engineering. The core of this program resides in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering (ME) and Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE). Acoustics faculty in each department supervise graduate students in both departments. One undergraduate and seven graduate acoustics courses are cross‐listed between ME and ECE. Instructors for these courses include staff at Applied Research Laboratories at UT Austin, where many of the graduate students in acoustics hold research assistantships. The undergraduate course, offered every fall, begins with basic physical acoustics and proceeds to draw examples from different areas of engineering acoustics. Three of the graduate courses are offered every year, a two‐course sequence on physical acoustics and a course on ac...


Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic conditions among children. According to the latest edition of the diabetes Atlas, an estimated 490,100 children below the age of 15 years are living with type 1 diabetes. India being home to an estimated 97,700 children with T1DM and there is evidence that the occurrence is mounting hastily. The cause of type 1 diabetes is not known and it is not preventable with current knowledge. Here Ayurveda has an opportunity to discover the guidelines for prevention of juvenile diabetes and to ignore its complications. According to Ayurvedic pathophysiology it may be a result of Beeja Dosha (genetic factor), Ahara Dosha (depraved diet) and Agni Dushti (digestive fire disturbance). Creating awareness among general public regarding the importance of Atulyagotriya Vivah (non-consanguineous marriages), Garbhiniparicharya [regimen for pregnant women], Shad Garbh Bhavas (pro-creative factors) and avoidance of Garbhopaghatakar Bhavas (detrimental factors affecting foetus) can help in reducing the incidence of juvenile diabetes directly by altering Beeja Dosha. Specific herbal drugs, Yoga and balanced diet can improve the life of a diabetic patient.


The essential micronutrients to plants and phytotoxicity of toxic heavy metals are not related merely to the total concentrations but depend on their availability in soils.The paper dissertates the conception of element bioavailability,introduces the method of sequential extraction and single extraction to reveal element availability,reviews some problems profoundly correlated with element bioavailability.


This study examined the existing legal framework for mobilizing, distributing, and utilizing customary land revenue in Ghana. It combined a review of the regulatory framework on land revenue management and face-to-face interviews with Officers of the Administrator of Stool Lands with the view to identifying the gaps inherent in these regulations. The study found that the lack of legislative clarity on the mobilization and application of stool land revenue has been responsible for the misappropriation of funds by beneficiaries. Legislative reform is recommended to remedy the inherent gaps in the land revenue management regime in Ghana.


ABSTRACT The islanding phenomenon of a distributed resource (DR), like a photovoltaic (PV) system or an energy storage system (ESS), is one of the major issues about the increased DR in distributed power networks because it causes a safety hazard to a power system's service personnel and the related power facility by unexpected powering. To prevent islanding, many anti-islanding methods have been developed and evaluated by the international and domestic grid-interconnection standards, but they have mostly focused on a single DR unit. Until now, evaluating the anti-islanding function for multiple DRs connected to the same power grid has received little attention. The rapid deployment of the PV micro-inverter in recent years has substantially increased the likelihood and concerns associated with islanding, especially with multiple operations in the same grid. This paper presents an anti-islanding performance analysis of multiple PV micro-inverter operations. Various islanding cases for multiple PV micro-inverter systems are evaluated based on the existing standard with the appropriate modification.


When a mother has two newborns to deal with at once, it can often feel more than twice the struggle. A mother of twins talks to Ruth Donnelly about the difficulties she faced in the early months, and how her local health visitors helped to make things a little bit easier.


The presence of topographical barriers like mountains and fjords often cause disconnections in the road network. In this paper we consider investments that remove the effect of such barriers through the construction of bridges and tunnels. We focus on how travel demand responds to different levels of toll to be imposed for using the new road connection. Available data restricts the study to the context of commuting flows. Estimation results are used to predict how the generation and distribution of commuting flows is influenced when a ferry connection between two islands in western Norway is substituted by bridges and tunnels. We also estimate the willingness to pay for a new road connection, and predict how commuting flows respond to alternative pricing policies both in the case with the ferry connection and in the case when a new road link is established.


Leg posture is an important factor in adopting the proper working postures since it has a strong relationship with the postural stability and mobility of the human body. In this study, thirty-one different leg postures were evaluated based on perceived discomfort. Eighteen male subjects were instructed to maintain the postures for one minute and then to report their perceived discomfort using the free-modulus magnitude estimation method. The ANOVA results showed that the leg posture had a significant effect on the mean discomfort rating. Especially, the effect of the knee flexion angle was the largest, followed by that of unbalance or one-foot posture. However, the interaction effect between the knee flexion angle and balance factors was not significant, which implies that discomfort levels of a complex posture, a combination of several postural factors such as knee flexion and postural imbalance, can be estimated by summing independent simple postures' stress. It is recommended that a new posture classification scheme fully considering lower limb's postural load be developed for more precisely quantifying postural load.


Er3+/Tm3+-codoped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 glasses were prepared by traditional melt-quenching method.Fluorescence spectra were investigated under 980 nm and 800 nm LD excitation.Combined with their absorption spectra,the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωi(i=2,4,6),spontaneous transition probabilities A and rediative lifetomes τ for Er3+ ion were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory.Due to the energy transfer from 4I13/2 of Er3+ to 3F4 of Tm3+,the addition of Tm3+ significantly reduced the lifetime of the 4I13/2 level of Er3+,that in turn increase the possibility of population inversion between the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 levels of Er3+.It is learned that the intensity of 2.76 μm mid-infrared fluorescence firstly increased,and then dropped in the Er3+/Tm3+-doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 glasses with the increase of Tm3+ ion concentration.


The dynamic information was extracted from the landscape patterns of the Zhangye Oasis,as a case study,by means of remote sensing and GIS techniques.Thereafter,the gradient changes maps were acquired immediately with the FRAGSTATS moving-window technique.It was found from the spatio-temporal changes of the landscape structure and the gradient difference of landscape metrics that the ecological security pattern of the Zhangye Oasis had dominated by corridor landscapes,mainly including the transitional zone between oasis and desert,the man-made shelter belt and the irrigation channel network.These oasis corridor systems demonstrated the peak and valley values of the gradient changes of the oasis landscape pattern,and also controlled the key patterns of oasis ecological security.Therefore,the spatial characteristic of the corridor landscape and the concept of landscape gradient had been employed to analyze and evaluate the ecological security status of the Zhangye Oasis and also validate the applicability of integrating the theory and methodology of landscape gradient with remote sensing techniques on the landscape dynamic and ecological security of the Zhangye Oasis.


Vulnerability analysis is a key issue in power systems since power transmission grids play a crucial role as a critical infrastructure. The power grid structure (number of nodes and lines, their connections, and their physical properties and operational constraints) is one of the main factors to assure power system security. Complex network theory as a promising topological approach for the structural vulnerability analysis has been widely used in many different fields. Recently, many complex network metrics have been proposed to assess the topological vulnerability of power transmission grids. However, these approaches are purely topological and fail in capturing the specific features of power systems. In this paper, an extended topological approach which incorporates electrical features such as flow path, line flow limits, etc., is presented. Three new metrics, net-ability, electrical betweenness and entropy degree are provided and used to assess structural vulnerability in power transmission grids.


The triple isotopic substitution (TIS) method is based on the analysis of a scattering curve which is the difference between the scattering of two solutions containing appropriately deuterium-labelled particles. A necessary condition for the application of the method is that the two solutions are identical in all respects except for the extent of the deuterium label. Such an experimental scheme has allowed a number of unique physical experiments to be performed, the main ones being: (1) elimination of the contribution of the interparticle interference; (2) addition of both small- and large-sized foreign particles to those studied without distortions of the structural data; (3) highlighting of individual (quite small) regions in the molecules; (4) suppression of the dimerization contribution to the scattering curve. The application of this method is of special interest for studying the mutual three-dimensional disposition of individual small regions of molecules (3D mapping) and for investigating the geometrical properties of the surfaces of globular proteins. It is evident that TIS has a wide range of experimental possibilities, demonstrating that small-angle neutron scattering is one of the most informative structural methods for low resolution.


Body weight adjusted for height is often used in exercise science and epidemiological studies to determine overweight and obesity of individuals and groups. Such measures being widely used are simple ratio index (SRI: weight/height) and BMI (weight (㎏)/height² (m)). Recent evidence, however, suggests that use of SRI and BM is quite likely to penalize shorter individuals, because SRI and BM have positively significant correlations with height. Log linear modelling (LLM: allometric modelling) has been introduced in the field of exercise science as one of techniques that can be used to create an index of weight properly adjusted for by height. The present study was to develop LLM index, which is free of the confounding effect of height in college-age combat sport athletes. Subjects for this study were 212 college-age combat sport athletes (Taekwondo n=55, Judo n=52, Boxing n=46, and Wrestling n=59) and 76 racket ball athletes selected for comparison purpose from Seoul and Kyunggi area. Total 33 variables (9 skinfolds, 10 girths, 6 breadths, 6 lengths, and height and weight) were measured by the four level 3 anthropometrists based on International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment prepared by International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS PC+ and windowlO.O. Pearson r and regression analysis, and analysis of covariance for examining a homogeneity of regression were computed for comparisons among the different combat sport and racket ball events. Moderate but statistically significant positive correlations were observed between BM and height in each combat sport event, ranging from .372 to .411. The result confirmed that BM penalized shorter combat sport athletes. LLM was applied to the total sample with a separate analysis for each combat sport event. The resulting height exponents was α=2.863±.297 for Taekwondo, 2.870±.266 for Judo, 3.078±.362 for Boxing, and 2.961±.290 for Wrestling events. This suggested that only one height exponent (WtHt^(-2.728)) could be determined for scaling of weight regardless of combat sport events.


We consider the wave equation $u_{tt}=\Delta u$ on a bounded domain $\Omega\subset{\mathbb R}^n$, $n>1$, with smooth boundary of positive mean
curvature. On the boundary, we impose
the absorbing boundary condition ${\partial u\over\partial\nu}+u_t=0$. We prove uniqueness of solutions backward in time.


Higgs hunting is a world-wide sport and the Tevatron is set to become the next field of play when Run II starts in March 2001. To set the stage, we summarize results of searches for standard and non-standard Higgs bosons by CDF and Dzero in Run I at the Tevatron. Progress has been made in quantifying the requirements on the Tevatron Collider and on the upgraded experiments in Run II for extending the excellent work done at LEP. Armed with parameterizations of expected detector performance, the Tevatron Higgs Working group has made predictions of the sensitivity of CDF and Dzero to Higgs bosons in the Standard Model and in its Minimal Supersymmetric extension as a function of integrated luminosity. These predictions are presented to underscore the excitement being generated by Run II, and to highlight the need for the highest possible luminosity.


1. The mean concentration of BBSP in the seminal bull plasma is 1.53 ± 0.30 mg/ml. This concentration decreases about 40% after 14 days storage at 4 °C. 2. There is only a small correlation between the concentration of BBSP in the seminalplasma and its fertilization capacity. 3. An artificial doubling of the normal BBSP concentration does not change the results of an artificial insemination. 4. The genital tract of bull has been investigated with immunofluorescent antibodies on the presence of BBSP. The results were negative. 5. Exprimed sperm from tail of epididymis didn't show fluorescence after treatment with cor respondent antibodies. However washed ejaculated sperms had a distinct fluorescence in the middle piece. After incubation of washed sperms with BBSP containing seminal plasma the entire surface of the sperms showed an additional immunofluorescence. 6. From this it is concluded that BBSP develops or is concentrated in the middle piece of sperms during its stay in the head of the epididymis. During the ejaculation a portion of the sperms is destroyed and therefore BBSP enters the seminalplasma. The sperms contain on the whole surface strongly negatively charged groups especially neuraminic acids. The BBSP binds to these groups. So the electrophoretic mobility of ejaculated sperms is reduced. 7. The BBSP has a strong leukotactic activity. This is the probable reason for the phagocytotie activity of seminal plasma.


Tax reforms contributed to the recognition and consolidation of the institute of the tax consultations. This created the need to research new relationships between controlling tax authorities and taxpayers, as well as solving problems of legal regulation of their status at the level of industry legislation. The law-making methodology of tax consultations is of considerable interest, in particular through the prism of activity theory in law-enforcement. The application of the activity approach to the problems of modern tax law is inextricably linked with the trend of anthropologizing tax legal science and practice. Therefore, tax consultations act as informational and guarantee tools, through which conditions are created for the taxpayer to properly and consistently exercise his rights and obligations, even in such a rather difficult period of our state's existence.
It has been proven that cooperation (partnership) in the tax field requires taxpayers to bring to the attention of the tax authorities all the circumstances of their economic activity that are important for taxation. Instead, taxpayers have the opportunity to receive from the tax authorities detailed and proper explanations on the issues of calculating and paying taxes, as well as fair (adequate) taxation and guarantees against prosecution for alleged miscalculations or mistakes made by the tax authorities.
Individual tax consultation is an explanation of the controlling state authority; provided to the taxpayer regarding the practical use of certain norms of tax and other legislation (the control over compliance with which is entrusted to the controlling state authority); registered in the unified register of individual tax consultations. A general tax consultation is a publication of the position of the central executive state authority regarding the practical use of certain norms of tax and other legislation. This position was formed based on the generalization of individual tax consultations, which are provided by controlling state authorities to taxpayers, and/or in the event of discovering circumstances that indicate the ambiguity of certain norms of such legislation.
The author defined the guiding principles that underlie the methodological law-making of tax consultation: the principle of demand for tax consultation, the principle of formally defined subject orientation of tax consultation, the principle of priority of generalizing tax consultation, the principle of guaranteeing the interests of the taxpayer, the principle of presumption of legality of the taxpayer's decisions. The results of the use of tax consultation depend on the chosen methodological principles of its formation – necessity, reliability of interpretation of the provisions of the legislation, level of comprehensiveness, degree of persuasiveness, and truthfulness for the addressee – the taxpayer.


Three typical kinds of discharges in hydro generator stator windings were studied in the paper.In the experiment,the simulated discharge pulses with a rise time of several ns to nearly one hundred ns are injected into the single generator bars and the whole stator winding of a 36 MW/10.5 kV hydro generator,the responses are reported respectively.This article also introduces the application of virtual instrument technology,which takes place on the On-line VHF Detecting System for Hydro generator.


Aim To explore the risk factors of abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials of hyperbilirubinemia newborn and its value in the treatment of the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Methods The examinations of the serum total bilirubin,the ratio between the total bilirubin and the albumin,the carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP),and the blood glucose concentration of the 147 full-term newborn with hyperbilirubinemia were made,and contrast observations on the etiology,the emerging time of jaundice,the visited day-old,the weight change,the serum total bilirubin,the ratio between the total bilirubin and the albumin,the CO2CP,and the blood glucose concentration were carried out by groups according to the results of brainstem auditory evoked potentials.Results In the 147 cases,81 cases were normal and 66 cases were abnormal.The difference between the two groups was significant in the following indexes:the serum total bilirubin,the ratio between the total bilirubin and the albumin,the CO2CP(P0.05);however,there was no significant difference in the following two indexes:the blood glucose and the percentage of body weight loss(P0.05) and the difference was statistically significant when comparing different etiology of hemolytic disease of newborn.In two groups,there is significant difference in the emerging time of jaundice in 24 hours but no difference in 7 days before the visited day.Conclusion Early appearance of jaundice,hemolytic disease of newborn,the high level of bilirubin,the high ratio between the total bilirubin and the albumin,the low carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP) are the risk factors of abnormal BAEP.


We have successfully reduced threshold voltage variation by Nitrogen co-implantation. Doping profile is modulated through co-implantation of diffusion suppressor. The effects of implantation on device performance are investigated especially in terms of junction leakage. We have explored the possibility of Nitrogen dosage, energy and tilt angle in order to minimize junction leakage. With optimum combination, NMOS/SRAM Local variance is achieved ~2mV improvement accompanied with reduced leakage current.


A transformation is presented that enables chemists to construct 4-aryl tetralones via visible-light-induced cyclodimerization-oxygenation of styrene under very mild conditions. Adding a catalytic amount of CuOAc obviously improves the yield. A mechanistic study reveals that the photoredox catalyst played the role of activating O2 while Cu affected the reactivity of reactive oxygen species (ROS).


Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) acts as an antioxidant and plays a vital role in maintaining good health. The study was designed with the aim to determine the influence of the Trivedi Effect® on the various properties of ascorbic acid by using the modern analytical techniques. The study sample was divided into two parts. The first part was considered as control (no treatment), while the second part was termed as the Biofield Energy Treated sample and it was treated with the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak. The PXRD peak intensities and the crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -67.75% to 1059.21% and -29.41% to 271.10% respectively, whereas the average crystallite size was significantly increased by 50.67% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The particle size analysis of the treated ascorbic acid was reduced by 8.23% (d10), 22.07% (d50), 11.64% (d90), and 15.81% {D(4,3)} and the surface area was increased by 15.38% as compared to the untreated sample. The weight loss was 20.57%; however, the residue amount was significantly increased by 573.99% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The maximum thermal degradation temperatures were increased by 0.58% and 4.93%, respectively, of the treated sample compared to the control sample. The decomposition temperature was decreased by 4.17%; however, the ΔHfusion and ΔHdecomposition were increased by 9.13% and 110.60%, respectively of the treated sample compared to the control sample. The Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment showed the possible formation of a new polymorph of ascorbic acid that may show better solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability, as well as more thermally stable compared to the control sample. Hence, it might be advantageous to use the Biofield Energy Treated ascorbic acid in various nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations to improve their efficacy.


Ferroelastic domain switching behaviour is observed in large and high quality LaNbO 4 and NdNbO 4 single crystals grown by the Czochralski method. The domain walls which are (10\bar2) and (201) twin planes move when a small stress is applied, and return to the initial positions when the stress is removed. This back - switching behaviour is much influenced by a strain rate: the perfect back-switching is not expected by decreasing the strain rate. This behaviour may be explained by assuming a restoring force due to the restricted rotation of NbO 4 tetrahedra in the distorted Scheelite-structure.


The study of festivals in the context of Andean culture has led many times to the study of power. Social relations of power manifest themselves through symbolism and rituals. This article analyses the harvest festival which takes place each year in the rural parish of Tixan in the central Ecuadorian Andes. It is an indigenous celebration organised by an indigenous second grade organisation named Inca Atahualpa. Ritual acts are strongly related to the state interethnic conflict which during centuries has been characterizing social interacting of three ethnic groups (Indians, chagras, and mestizos) struggling either to maintain or to gain the exercise of power. The analysis will focus on ethnic interaction which takes place during the festival to establish symbolic ethnic boundaries. The feast becomes the scenery of the conflict where ethnic identity and culture are reified in order to become weapons for empowerment. In this game even cultural manifestations which belong to the realm of the other are symbolically used to claim indigenous rights to equality.


This paper describes several arithmetics about the molten steel composition adjustment for LF converter.The model presents the fed alloy combinations and additions on the principle of minimum cost.At last,an effective measure is proposed to reduce production cost and improve control accuracy about liquid steel composition.


ON 30 november 1776, the Norwich Mercury announced that it was 'informed by a gentleman from London that Captain Armstrong and Son have offer'd Proposals for . . . a new map of the county of Norfolk,' with the encouragement of the nobility of the county, the Bishop of Norwich, and the county members of Parliament. Richard Gough (1780) states that the proposals had been published on November i. Captain Andrew Armstrong and his son, Mostyn John, had published large-scale maps of Scotland and northern England since 1768, and Mostyn John published a small quarto atlas of Scottish counties in 1777. They apparently moved south about 1775-6, but the reason is not known; perhaps they planned a series of large-scale maps of southern England, similar to those ofthe North. Certainly, in Norfolk, a county whose prosperity was increasing rapidly in the late eighteenth century, they might expect to find a ready market for the first large-scale map of the county. Detailed proposals for the Norfolk Map were published in the Norwich Mercury on several occasions in May, June and July 1777, together with those for a map of Lin? colnshire ; in the first advertisement, both are described as by Captain Armstrong and Son, but the later ones, for Norfolk only, contain no mention of the father, suggesting that the partnership had broken up, and M. J. Armstrong worked alone in Norfolk. His 'New and Correct Map of Norfolk' was to be 'taken from an Actual Survey and laid down on a Scale of one Inch to a Mile . . . elegantly engraved and printed on eight Sheets of Imperial Paper. Price to Subscribers Two Guineas each Copy: one Guinea to be paid on Subscribing, and the Remainder on Delivery of the Map.' The survey had been started in May and this part of the work was to be completed in Au? gust of the following year, 1778, engravings prepared in London during the autumn, and the completed map published in December 1778. Armstrong appealed for help in ascertaining precise boundaries of the Hundreds and correct spellings of place-names, and requested the loan of estate plans. He estimated that the cost of publication would be at least ?450, and intimated that the subscription list, then standing at fifty, would be closed when it had reached three hundred, and the price then raised to ?2 10s. Throughout the summer of 1777, Armstrong reported on his progress, and in No? vember said that he had completed surveying for the two western sheets, and was preparing drawings for the engraver. Proof copies (of only one sheet) were available for inspection in the following April at 'most of the booksellers in the county, and at the Coffee Houses in Norwich and Lynn.' This sheet covered 'the coast and county from Hunstanton lighthouse to Lynn Regis, Wisbech, Pentney Abbey, &c.' There were 220 subscribers by then, but already publication of the map by December 1778 seemed rather unlikely. In October 1777 another advertisement had appeared in the Norwich Mercury asking for information towards a new History of Norfolk. It was to be published in parts, cor? recting, abridging and enlarging Blomefield's uncompleted History of Norfolk (173652), and supplying illustrations where that work had none. The first part was pub? lished in May 1778, and it was announced that 'the Topographical Descriptions will be


PURPOSE: To hold respective leads so as to obtain close contact with the respective pads on a printed board in a junction process. CONSTITUTION: A base having two bars 34 and 44 for the respective sets of leads 76, extending from the periphery of the housing of a package 70, is included. This bar pushes the respective leads by compressing a force, so that the entire leg parts of the leads are arranged flatly for the corresponding pads. These two bars are spaced and positioned, so that an opening part 62 an accept the junction means such as laser beams. Therefore, the lead is pushed to the pad with the compressing force by the bar of a fixing jig. The solder composition is melted again by the laser beams, and a good junction is formed between the respective leads and pads.


Introduction The definitions and approaches for measuring and assessing women's empowerment manifest complex paradigm shifts over the years. Since 1950 until the "Decade of Women" (1975-1985), the welfare approach predominated. After this, women's development has been conceptualized by equity, empowerment and rights-based approaches. There has been varying emphasis on concerns like the condition/situation of women and their practical/strategic needs.


China's coal-fired central heating systems generate large amounts of hazardous emissions and significantly deteriorate air quality. In a regression discontinuity design based on the dates of winter heating, we estimate the acute health impacts of air pollution. We find that a 10-point increase in the weekly Air Quality Index will cause a 4% increase in mortality. Poor and vulnerable groups are particularly sensitive to this sudden air quality deterioration, suggesting that the health impacts of air pollution can be mitigated by better socio-economic conditions. Exploratory costbenefit analysis suggests that replacing coal with natural gas for heating will improve social welfare.


CLLC resonant bidirectional DC-DC converter has characteristics of isolation and high efficiency. The burst mode under light load is an effective way to increase the light load efficiency. In this paper, pulses burst mode control strategy is proposed to improve the light load efficiency by optimizing the pulse width in a fixed burst on time. First, a modeling method of time domain analysis is adopted to obtain the accurate converter model, Then, the subsequent two pulses work at the resonant frequency point. The burst off time is adapted to the load change in the burst mode. This pulses burst mode control strategy does not need to measure the resonant capacitor voltage, simplifies the circuit, improves the efficiency of light load and minimizes the output voltage ripple. Simulation results verify the efficiency of the method.


To extend and upgrade the driver easily on the embedded real time operating system,the VxBus virtual bus device driver infrastructure is studied.The VxBus module utilizes XBD(extended block device) library,which facilitates the interface between the device drivers and the VxWorks file system.The efficiency of VxBus technology in management of device drivers and improvement of VxWorks development is demonstrated by the realization of the SD card driver.How to apply the XBD interface is presented to the development of the SD card driver,and the MS-DOS FAT32 file system on the SD card is built.


We analyse available experimental data on the total charged-current νN and νN cross sections for quasielastic scattering and single-pion neutrinoproduction. Published results from the relevant experiments at ANL, BNL, FNAL, CERN, and IHEP are included dating from the end of sixties to the present day, covering νμ and νμ beams on a variety of nuclear targets, with energies from the thresholds to about 350 GeV. The data are used to adjust the poorly known values of the axial masses.


The growth of mammary carcinoma induced by oral 3-methylcholanthrene in female Wistar rats is retarded by ovariectomy and by food restriction sufficient to produce 12–14% body weight loss. Estradiol benzoate (NSC 9566), 5-fluorouracil (NSC 19893), miracil D (NSC 14574), mitomycin C (NSC 26980), and AB-100 (NSC 37095) showed inhibitory activity. The best tumor inhibition without mortality was elicited by ovariectomy combined with food restriction, and by ovariectomy combined with estradiol benzoate.


Until recently, it was not certain whether or not the malicious procurement of the issue and execution of a search warrant was an actionable tort. Indeed, the only reported successful claim for damages in English law in such an action was the ancient case of Elsee v. Smith (1822) 2 Chit. 304. However, judicial confirmation of the existence of the tort has finally been given in a landmark Privy Council case, Brian Gibbs and others v. John Mitchell Rea (The Times, 4 February 1998).


A novel fingerprint indexing scheme for embedded system is presented in this paper. Our approach is a modelbased one, which efficiently retrieves correct hypotheses using novel rotation-invariant features formed by the core and minutiae of fingerprint image. Differently from most existing fingerprint indexing approaches, the proposed algorithm is suitable for embedded systems because it is not time consuming and does not acquire large memory. Experiments were conducted on the FVC2002 database and our private database respectively. Experiment results based on FVC2002 database show that the time consuming for identification using proposed algorithm is about 50 times faster than the conventional approaches.


An experimental study on thin-walled hybrid plate girders subjected to repeated loading is described.Six large-sized hybrid plate girders which were fabricated of HT-80 (quenched and tempered high strength steel) at a tension flange, SM-58 at a compression flange and SS-41 at a web were tested under repeated bending.Parameters investigated in this study were maximum stress, stress range, web slenderness ratio and rigidity ratio of longitudinal stiffener.Test results were discussed on the observed fatigue crack patterns according to the classification proposed by Toprac, and S-N curves for hybrid girders were plotted and compared with several past research data. Consequently, it has been proved that the stress range is one of the most significant parameters that affect the fatigue strength of hybrid girders, and the fatigue failure can be evaluated well from the crack at the transverse stiffener-to-web fillet weld below the neutral axis (Type 2 crack). A good correlation was observed in the fatigue test results between model specimens with transverse fillet welded attachments and largesized girder specimens, and comparisons with several fatigue data on steel plates with transverse fillet welded attachments showed that SS-41 web is the most economical.


In a 65-cow herd located north of lthaca, 12 abortions had occurred during 1999; four between mid-January and mid-February, one in March and one more in July. The remaining six abortions had occurred between the beginning of September and mid-October, three of them within one week during mid-October. Submission of a blood sample from the last aborting cow revealed a positive Neospora caninum titer. Upon screening 15 cows including most of the cows that had previously aborted, nine animals were found positive to Neospora caninum. It was decided to try and controlling the problem by vaccinating with a Neospora caninum vaccine.


The two Chinese characters"pian hui"literally means"bi hui"or in English"avoidance",the understanding of which actually is of much controversy.And there are two opinions about the original meaning of "the avoidance of the two characters".One holds that the two characters must be both avoided;the other holds that only one of the two characters must be avoided.The argument focuses on the disputing character"pian".This paper studies many examples in history and then comes to the conclusion that the original meaning of"pian hui"refers to the latter,that is"the avoidance of one of the two characters".


Bipolar disorder has a genetic component, but the mode of inheritance remains unclear. A previous genome scan conducted in 70 European families led to detect eight regions linked to bipolar disease. Here, we present an investigation of whether the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder corresponds to genetic heterogeneity in these regions using additional markers and an extended sample of families. The MLS statistic was used for linkage analyses. The predivided sample test and the maximum likelihood binomial methods were used to test genetic homogeneity between early‐onset bipolar type I (cut‐off of 22 years) and other types of the disorder (later onset of bipolar type I and early‐onset bipolar type II), using a total of 138 independent bipolar‐affected sib‐pairs. Analysis of the extended sample of families supports linkage in four regions (2q14, 3p14, 16p23, and 20p12) of the eight regions of linkage suggested by our previous genome scan. Heterogeneity testing revealed genetic heterogeneity between early and late‐onset bipolar type I in the 2q14 region (P = 0.0001). Only the early form of the bipolar disorder but not the late form appeared to be linked to this region. This region may therefore include a genetic factor either specifically involved in the early‐onset bipolar type I or only influencing the age at onset (AAO). Our findings illustrate that stratification according to AAO may be valuable for the identification of genetic vulnerability polymorphisms. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The status of the genera Arthrocephalus and Placoconus is discussed. Careful consideration of buccal capsule characters, host records, and geographical distribution of species belonging to the two ...


This introductory chapter illustrates some of the linkages between tax and human rights. Taxation affects which resources stay in private versus public hands, which activities are encouraged or discouraged, how much is available to the state, and who pays for and receives the public goods and services the state provides. Human rights, in turn, inform not only how tax policy should be made, but what policies are permissible, when, and why, setting parameters for the revenue-raising objectives and distributive effects of taxation, as well as the processes by which tax laws are adopted and implemented. In short, tax affects the realization of human rights in all countries—developed and developing alike—through its role in resource mobilization, redistribution, regulation, and representation. The chapter provides an overview of the volume's contents and discusses how the policy of fiscal consolidation underpins many of the phenomena examined in those contributions. It then identifies some of the key ways in which human rights norms should feature in future debates over fiscal policy.


Hyperthyroidism is a common thyroid disease. Graves' disease is the most common etiology with 70-80% of hyperthyroidism. Conventionally, a diagnosis requires weeks to confirm with blood tests. In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to diagnose Graves' disease in ultrasound images directly. We segment the thyroid regions, and utilize a high performance classifier to recognize the regions. The diagnostic result is determined using the area measure of these regions. Experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Development and application of technologies for establishing the spatial behavior of soils, allow to optimize the use of different agricultural resources in order to improve the sustainability and competitiveness, reducing the risk of environmental degradation and improving its profitability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability and the relationships of some soil chemical properties, using different statistical techniques. The reseach was carried out in the municipality of Pasca (Cundinamarca) in a Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn. production area, in an Entisol. On a regular grid, 64 samples were taken, with perpendicular distances between points 25 x 12.5m, at 0.20m of depth, evaluating organic carbon, pH, Ca, Mg, K, sum of bases and Ca:Mg relation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis, geostatistics and interpolation by kriging. The attributes showed low to medium variability, where the K was the only attribute that showed no spatial dependence. There was a strong relationship between cations, and a close relationship between Ca and the sum of bases. The contour maps confirmed the spatial variability of the properties, indicating the appropriateness of the agricultural inputs application at a variable rate. By adapting this methodology it is possible to improve the experimental design of future research, besides being the basis for the establishment of crops under precision agriculture concepts.


Philosophical analysis of Nicholas of Cusa's conception of "wisdom" {sapientia) and the series of definitions contained in Idiota de sapien tia. Wisdom is considered as an experiential knowledge available to everyman and as the support of intellectual and spiritual life. The scope and nature of true wisdom can only be comprehended in the bounds of comprehensibility and in connection with being and the foundation of existence.


Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics: E-LPandemic BioethicsBioethicsBioethics in Africa: Theories and PraxisThis Is BioethicsPersonalist BioethicsDisorientation and Moral LifeBioethicsBioethics in CanadaBiomedical EthicsAdministration EthicsBiomedical EthicsBioethics in CanadaCengage Advantage Books: Bioethics in a Cultural Context: Philosophy, Religion, History, PoliticsBioethics in ActionBioethics: An AnthologyBioethicsBioethics in CanadaThe Ethos of Medicine in Postmodern AmericaThe Ethics of AbortionRethinking Health Care EthicsClinical Ethics ConsultationBioethics in Canada, Third EditionBioethics in CanadaBody & SoulThe Moral Status of PersonsPower and TechnologyChimpanzee RightsWhy Have Children?Classic Works in Medical Ethics: Core Philosophical ReadingsReading Onora O'NeillThe Oxford Handbook of BioethicsConcepts and Cases in Nursing Ethics, second editionBioethics in CanadaThe Cambridge Textbook of BioethicsA Theory of BioethicsThe Moral Psychology of PrideMedical PhilosophyEthics & AIDS in AfricaBioethics in Canada


1. Introduction 2. Confronting Past Crimes: Transitional Justice and the Phenomenon of Truth Commissions 3. Why a Truth Commission? 4. The Five Strongest Truth Commissions 5. Other Illustrative Truth Commissions 6. What is the Truth? 7. The Truth About Women and Men 8. Truth and Justice: A Careful but Critical Relationship 9. Truth Commissions and the International Criminal Court 10. Naming Names of Perpetrators 11. Healing from the Past 12. Truth and Reparations 13. Reconciliation and Reforms 14. Leaving the Past Alone 15. When, How, and Who: Basic Questions of Methodology and Operations 16. Reflections: Looking Forward


INTRODUCTION The Transdermal drug delivery systems are selfcontained, discrete dosage forms which when applied to intact skin deliver the drug through the skin at a controlled rate to the systemic circulation[1].At present, the most common form of delivery of drugs is the oral route. While this has the notable advantages of easy administration, it also has significant drawbacks namely poor bioavailability due to hepatic metabolism (first pass) and the tendency to produce rapid blood level spikes leading to a need for high and /or frequent dosing, which can be both cost prohibitive and involvement[2].To overcome these difficulties there is a need for the development of new drug delivery system; which will improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs by more precise (i.e. site specific), spatial and temporal placement within the body thereby reducing both size and number of doses. One of the methods most often utilized has been Transdermal delivery. This delivery transport therapeutic substance through the skin for systemic effect. The success of Transdermal delivery depends on the ability of the drug to permeate the skin in sufficient quantities to achieve its desired therapeutic effects. The skin is very effective as a selective penetration barrier. Percutaneous absorption involves the passage of the drug molecule from the skin surface into the stratum corneum under the influence of a concentration gradient and its subsequent diffusion through the stratum corneum and underlying epidermis through the dermis and into the blood circulation. The skin behaves as a passive barrier to the penetrating molecule. The stratum corneum provides the greatest resistance to penetration and it is the rate-limiting step in percutaneous absorption[3]. Gels are transparent to opaque semisolids containing a high ratio of solvent to gelling agent merge or entangle to form a three-dimensional colloidal network structure. This network limits fluid flow by entrapment and immobilization of the solvent molecules. The network structure is also responsible for a gel resistance to deformation and therefore, its Research Article


The human central nervous system (CNS) has a markedly poor capacity for regenerating its axons following injury. This appears to be due to two main causes: 1) a developmentally regulated decline in regenerative capacity within mature CNS neurons, and 2) the presence of biological components that constitute barriers to axon regeneration (e.g., growth-inhibitory molecules). Intrinsic alterations have been elucidated by studies that show causative links between developmental changes in gene expression programs and growth-signaling states on one hand, and changes in regenerative capacity on the other (Moore et al., 2009; Park et al., 2010). In addition to these neuron-intrinsic factors, several molecular species that are native to the CNS microenvironment, such as myelin associated proteins, and others that are secreted by injury-activated astrocytes, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), exert extrinsic inhibitory influences on growing axons (Young, 2014).

Given the various factors that negatively influence axon regrowth in the adult CNS, achieving clinically relevant regeneration to promote recovery from traumatic injury has been difficult. Experimental manipulation of individual inhibitory factors, or their mediators, has resulted in some improvement of regeneration/sprouting (Young, 2014). However, manipulations that simultaneously target intrinsic growth capacity while also blocking inhibition from extrinsic factors appear to produce the most pronounced effects in vivo (Lee et al., 2014). Development of effective therapies thus requires agents that simultaneously modulate multiple sources of regeneration failure. This could be achieved with drugs that engage multiple targets (polypharmacology) within various relevant signaling networks. The use of multi-target drugs to treat complex polygenic disorders is not a new concept; however, the lack of appropriate methodologies has hindered systematic exploitation of polypharmacology (Peters, 2013). Interestingly though, it appears that polypharmacology is important for the therapeutic efficacy of many approved drugs (Peters, 2013).

For the past few years, we worked to identify small molecule compounds that can engage multiple targets to promote axon regeneration. We focused our investigations on kinases as targets for several reasons. Kinases are involved in regulating most if not all cellular processes. They are well-established and readily druggable targets, with numerous therapeutic applications ranging from neurology to cancer. Moreover, the homology of kinase catalytic domains gives rise to kinase inhibitor promiscuity (Metz et al., 2011), making it possible to discover drugs with multiple "intended" kinase targets. Numerous kinases have been shown to play a role in regulating axon growth. However, predicting the most effective pharmacological targets (and target combinations) requires detailed knowledge of time-dependent properties of all nodes within relevant signaling networks, which at present is not feasible. Thus, we utilized phenotypic screening, which does not require a priori target hypotheses. Phenotypic screening tests compounds on whole cells rather than individual drug targets, and enables the discovery of compounds with desired biological effects, including those with favourable polypharmacology. We developed an assay that utilizes primary neurons from rat brains and used it to identify kinase inhibitors that strongly promote neurite outgrowth (Al-Ali et al., 2013). This technique by itself, however, does not provide direct information on the identity of the cellular targets through which the compounds exert their biological effects. Without this information, it is not possible to rationally select compounds with the best polypharmacology. To overcome this problem, we made use of another popular drug discovery technique, target-based screening. Target-based screening assays a single functional molecule (in our case a kinase) against a large number of compounds. We assayed several hundred compounds (previously screened in the phenotypic assay) against more than two hundred kinases to obtain the compounds' inhibition profiles towards those kinases. Using machine learning and information theory to relate the compounds' kinase inhibition profiles to their influence on neurite outgrowth, we were able to identify kinases that can serve as targets for promoting neurite outgrowth. We also identified kinases whose inhibition represses neurite outgrowth, and thus their targeting should be avoided (anti-targets) (Al-Ali et al., 2015).

Typically, a prioritized drug target is a single functional protein. The goal of target-based discovery campaigns is often to identify compounds that potently interact with the assayed target to elicit a desired therapeutic response. However, due to structural similarities arising from homology or parallel evolution, various proteins can show a high degree of similarity in the identity of compounds that they bind (Metz et al., 2011). This means that inhibiting a given target with a compound will frequently also inhibit other proteins that have a topologically similar binding pocket. Thus, as the similarity between binding pockets increases, so does the likelihood for co-inhibition. Proteins with highly similar binding pockets can be said to be pharmacologically linked (i.e., it is difficult to engage one without also engaging the other). This is especially true for catalytically active kinases, given their shared lineage and evolutionarily conserved requirement for ATP binding. To account for this, we extended the concept of drug target from that of a single kinase to a group of pharmacologically linked kinases. Thus, a kinase was considered a robust target only if it was pharmacologically linked to other kinases that also behave as targets, or at least do not behave as anti-targets. Since most small molecule inhibitors will engage all members in a group of pharmacologically linked kinases, this criterion ensures that the overall effect of inhibiting a robust target group will be positive (pharmacologically linked targets and anti-targets will tend to counteract one another). We also identified several pharmacologically linked anti-target groups whose inhibition correlated with strong negative effects on neurite outgrowth. We prioritized the ten most robust target and anti-target groups (based on the outcome of our phenotypic screen), and selected a single member from each group for prioritizing lead compounds. For example, the activity of a compound against rho kinase 2 (ROCK2) was used to represent the activity of that compound against the corresponding group of pharmacologically linked kinases (in this case, ROCK1 and ROCK2). Activated CDC42 kinase 1 (TNK2), rho-associated kinase-II (ROCK2), PI3-kinase δ (PIK3CD), protein kinase C γ (PRKCG), ribosomal protein S6 kinase α-4 (RPS6KA4), cGMP-dependent protein kinase G 1 (PRKG1), and cAMP-dependent protein kinase X (PRKX) were selected as representatives of robust target groups, while p38α MAP kinase (MAPK14), MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPKAPK3), and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 (CDK5) were selected as representatives of robust anti-target groups (Figure 1). Using these representative targets and anti-targets, we identified a compound with exemplary polypharmacology, which inhibits 5 out of the 7 robust target groups and does not affect the robust anti-target groups. Amongst its targets, RO0480500-002 inhibits both PKC and ROCK, kinases known to mediate repression of axon growth by myelin and CPSGs in the CNS (Young, 2014). RO0480500-002 also inhibits the growth regulatory S6 kinases, which have been shown to limit intrinsic neuronal capacity for axon growth and regeneration (Hubert et al., 2014). Moreover, RO0480500-002 inhibits PRKG1 and PRKX, two kinases involved in the regulation of cell migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Our phenotypic assays showed that this compound promotes neurite outgrowth both from hippocampal neurons and from postnatal cortical neurons (Al-Ali et al., 2015). Importantly, RO0480500-002 has beneficial effects on descending motor axons in vivo following spinal cord injury.

Figure 1

First-neighbor protein interaction network for top ranked target and anti-target kinases.

This new appreciation for favourable polypharmacology among kinase inhibitors may shed light on earlier results. Previous studies had shown that two kinase inhibitors, Go6976 and Y-27632, promote axon regeneration in vivo. Y-27632 was described as a ROCK inhibitor (Fournier et al., 2003), while Go6976 was described as a PKC inhibitor (Wang et al., 2013). Interestingly, kinase profiling of these two compounds reveals that each of them also inhibits several robust targets identified by our method (Figure 2), raising the possibility that their polypharmacology may have contributed to their in vivo efficacies. Interestingly, the compounds share no chemical similarity despite having somewhat similar target polypharmacology. This underscores the idea that desirable polypharmacology is not necessarily restricted to particular chemical scaffolds. With the expanded view of a polypharmacology profile (as opposed to just a single target), lead compounds with desirable polypharmacology and improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties can be discovered more easily, even if they share no chemical similarity to the original hit compounds. The polypharmacology profile elucidated in this study provides such a platform for discovering and developing effective multi-target drugs for neurodegenerative applications.

Figure 2

Kinase inhibitors previously reported to promote axon growth in vivo exhibit poly-pharmacology.


The following is an attempted answer to the question: in what kind of world is learning from experience possible? The method is to build up imaginatively a world until what has in general outline been constructed is such as to permit the kind of learning by experience with which we are all familiar. We may hope that some interesting facts even now may emerge from a consideration of this trite subject. Not all that we know has been learnt from experience, though, no doubt, anything we know, if it has come to our notice, has done so in the course of experience. With this truth we are not concerned. Our subject is what is called "empirical science"; but by sometimes calling it by the homelier name appearing in the title of this paper, we may remind ourselves that we are not dealing with a specialist branch of knowledge or a technical subject, but with what is a necessary feature of even the most commonplace experience.


The influence of an early interview on children's (N = 194) later recall of an experienced event was examined in children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities (CWID; 7–12 years) and typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological (7–12 years) or mental (4–9 years) age. Children previously interviewed were more informative, more accurate, and less suggestible. CWID (mild) recalled as much information as TD mental age matches, and were as accurate as TD chronological age matches. CWID (moderate) recalled less than TD mental age matches but were as accurate. Interviewers should elicit CWID's recall as early as possible and consider developmental level and severity of impairments when evaluating eyewitness testimony.


PURPOSE To present a comprehensive overview of current information on heel pressure ulcer (PrU) risk, development, prevention, and treatment. TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in wound care. OBJECTIVES After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: Identify risk factors for heel PrUs. Describe assessment findings and staging of a heel PrU. Discuss current heel PrU prevention and treatment.


Language course design reflects the designers' idea of language teaching and education.College English course consists of the required and selective courses,which are supplementary to each other.The selective courses of college English act as an efficient approach to general education for students.From the angle of TCM culture,TCM colleges can combine the college English teaching principles,evaluate the course needs,work out the teaching plan,and reform the evaluation mode and content,for the purpose of developing selective courses of college English,by which foreign language teaching can integrate with general education.


We describe here a mild and efficient method for the nucleophilic ring-opening of epoxides with amines, alcohols and water in the presence of nitromethane as a polar solvent without using any catalyst. The reactions are highly regioselective and afford the products in excellent yields within a short period of time at room temperature. The regioselectivity for this ring opening has been investigated using experimental and theoretical 1H and 13C NMR studies together with activation energy calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level of theory. The mechanism of nucleophilic attack has been investigated in terms of a direct attack or a methanol chain attack.


University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. July 2013. Major: Kinesiology. Advisors: Stacy Ingraham, PhD, and Arthur Leon, MD. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 92 pages, appendices A-G.


Submitted for the DFD17 Meeting of The American Physical Society Large-eddy simulation of the flow in downtown Oklahoma City1 CATHERINE GORL, Stanford University, CLARA GARCA-SNCHEZ, Stanford University / von Karman Institute — CFD modeling of urban canopy flow is of interest for a variety of applications, ranging from pedestrian wind comfort and air quality, to wind loading on buildings. The complexity of the flows complicates validation of simulation results, and uncertainty quantification (UQ) is indispensable to draw conclusions on the predictive capabilities of numerical tools. In previous work, we investigated inflow and turbulence model form UQ for the flow in Oklahoma City, comparing the results to field measurement data from the Joint Urban 2003 measurement campaign. In the present study, we performed a LES of the same configuration to further investigate the turbulence model form uncertainties, and determine opportunities for improving the predictions using high-fidelity simulations. Quantitative comparison of the LES results and the experimental data for mean velocity showed some local improvements compared to RANS, especially for the velocity magnitude. However, when comparing the results at all available measurement stations, a similar performance for the LES and RANS was found. The LES does capture the turbulence spectra at the measurement locations well, which is a substantial benefit over RANS for applications that need accurate predictions of the turbulence statistics. The lack of an improvement in the mean prediction with LES occurs particularly in areas that were previously shown to have a large uncertainty related to the inflow boundary condition in RANS. 1This work used XSEDE, which is supported by NSF grant number CTS160009 Clara Garca Snchez Stanford University / von Karman Institute Date submitted: 01 Aug 2017 Electronic form version 1.4


Research on the beam angle optimization problem for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has focused on developing optimization approaches to obtain a single high-quality angle set for each patient. In this paper, we propose a population-based method to aid the beam angle selection process with the goal of significantly improving the efficiency of the process while identifying high-quality angle sets. We use a database of approximately 2,700 IMRT treatment plans for 10 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer to train three data mining techniques (linear regression, neural networks, and k-nearest neighbor) to rank treatment plans based on potential quality. Using 5-fold cross-validation, we train our models to rank a list of 54 new beam angle plans (for a total of 50 lists) and then fully evaluate a set of the most promising plans. Our models can, choosing only three plans out of 54, correctly identify at least one of the top three plans up to 76% of the time. Furthermore, 34% of the time we find the top plan. By sorting the plans prior to full evaluation, we are able to find the better plans faster.


The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate hydrophilic matrix tablets of Diltiazem hydrochloride to achieve a controlled and sustained drug release with reduced frequency of drug administration, reduced side effects and improved patient compliance. Matrix tablets of Diltiazem hydrochloride were prepared using polymers like Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC K15, HPMC K100, and HPMCK4).and different diluents like lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, Magnesium Stearate. Ascorbic acid All the batches were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, hardness,. Drug polymer interaction was checked by comparing the IR spectra of the physical mixture of drug with the excipients used with the IR spectrum of pure drug. This established the stability of the drug in the formulation which was further confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. Content uniformity and in vitro drug release characteristics as per USP XXIV monograph. The drug release rates from matrix tablets were compared with marketed SR formulations. Tablets having HPMC K4 gave sustained release as per USP limit. Than other hydrophilic polymers studied and it was comparable with marketed SR tablets. Amount of HPMC K4 and presence of different diluents significantly affected the drug release.


Feminist historians of science and philosophy have shown that during the Italian Renaissance, the profound shift in the concept of nature - from an organic worldview to the scientific - was assisted by the gender metaphor that defined nature as female. In this provocative and groundbreaking book, Mary D. Garrard extends this analysis to the history of art and proposes that the larger shift was both anticipated and mediated by the visual arts. In case studies of such major figures as Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Pontormo, Giorgione, and Titian, Garrard examines the changing relationship of art and nature in the Renaissance, and shows how they were cast by artists and theorists as gendered competitors in a steadily escalating rhetoric.


Objective(s) Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are nonhematopoietic stromal cells that are capable of differentiating into and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are ideal targets in cell transplantation and tissue engineering. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) has been an important reporter gene for gene therapy. The aim of this study was establishment of MSCs expressing GFP. Materials and Methods MSCs were isolated and characterized by Immunophenotyping. The pEGFP-N1 plasmid was extracted from previously transformed Escherichia. coli cells and transfected into MSCs using FuGENE HD transfection reagent. Stable cells were established in the presence of geneticin. Expression of GFP was detected by RT- PCR, western blot analysis and immunoflorecent microscope. Results MSCs were successfully isolated and characterized. The MSCs transfected with the pEGFP-N1 plasmid expressed GFP both in mRNA and protein levels while cells transfected with empty vector did not. Conclusion The results suggested that this engineered cell line will be used in the future studies and can easily be traced in vivo.


In many applications of sciences, for solve many them, often appear equations of type N-Order Linear differential equations, where the number of them is Cauchy-Euler differential equations (also known as the Euler differential equation). i.e. Cauchy-Euler differential equations often appear in analysis of computer algorithms, notably in analysis of quicksort and search trees; a number of physics and engineering applications, such as when solving Laplace's equation in polar coordinates; and many other sciences. In this paper, we use variable change method for solving the special type of N-Order Cauchy-Euler differential equations. We applying a variable change in the equation, and then obtain the conditions, where if we have an equation that applies to these conditions, a simple analytical solution for the equation can be obtained. Because in this method, an analytical solution is obtained, therefore, it is not necessary to use numerical methods to solve the problem.


Device for inducing flow in a fluid comprises a flow-inducing body (2) comprising two plates (3, 4) that intersect each other at right-angles, and are rigidly fixed together and have terminal hinges (5, 6), with which they are connected to reciprocating or rotating arms. An independent claim is also included for a system comprising a device as above and a drive unit with a frame to which the device is attached.


Rugby Union is a collective sport where athletes endure contacts during different phases of the play (tackles, rucks, mauls and scrums). These events have to be characterised in term of intensity, ...


An equation was previously derived to calculate inbreeding of an imaginary line (IM) made with three plants of maize (Zea mays L.). The inbreeding values of ...


The creator of this thesis took these few sentences to reveal and explain why he chose his topic of string quartets for this work. There is some policy at czech conservatories, that the students must take up the the lessons of chamber music when entering the fourth or fifth grade (out of six), causing they sort of ?smell? the scent of the chamber music greatness but it is too late for them to truly master the subject, beacuse it is a long-term thing to do if you want to do it right. Of course they can extend their chamber music knowledge later on ? or they might want to meet that greatness even earlier at the conservatory. The author is one of those exceptions. He started to share his free time with the chamber music when he was in the second grade at the conservatory and it absorbed him entirely. Yes, he has played some trios, quintets and others so far, but the quartet is what gives him pure joy and he considers it the most perfect set of string instruments among others. Not too much of this, not too little of that. And maybe that is why so many people in the past devoted their time of even life to the quartet. And many more continue today. These inspire him every day in what he does, therefore he decided to know more about them and share it with you.


We study the intraday relationship between media sentiment and speculative retail investor trading in leverage products. We find that retail investors enter positions to speculate on the outcome of news and also engage in feedback trading after news releases. Trading intensity increases significantly around positive and neutral news. No such effect is found for negative news, which implies that retail investors are intimidated by negative news and refrain from trading more actively around them. Further, the evidence implies that retail investors are news-momentum traders after positive news and news-contrarian after negative news. The analysis of order submission strategies implies that retail investors trade most aggressively on news articles with a negative tonality. Further, ahead of mandatory news, they have an increased desire to take safety precautions. Generally, leveraged retail investor trading is strongly affected by news. The specific impact differs by both tone and type.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy for liver metastatic recurrence in gastric cancer patients.

METHODS
Consecutive patients who underwent proton beam therapy from 2010 to 2015 were isolated from our institutional database. Patients with extrahepatic metastatic lesions were excluded. Seven patients were enrolled. The median diameter of target lesions was 31 mm (13-68 mm). The most frequent dosage was 72.6 Gy equivalent in 22 fractions. The effectiveness was assessed based on the local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates. The local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Adverse events were described according to the patients' medical records.

RESULTS
The median follow-up period was 41.7 months (20.7-66.3 months). The 3-year local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 85.7, 68.6 and 43%, respectively. All patients completed proton beam therapy without interruption. No grade ≥3 adverse events were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Proton beam therapy might be a treatment option for patients with liver metastasis of gastric cancer.


OBJECTIVE To establish a HPLC method for determination of the MMTA in cefodizime sodium for injection.METHODS The chromatographic analysis was performed on Inertsil ODS-SP(4.6 × 250mm,5μm);the phosphate buffer solution(0.87g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.22g of disodium hydrogen phosphate,dissolved in water and diluted to 1000mL)-acetonitrile(920 ∶ 80) as the mobile phase;the detection wavelength: 220nm;the flow rate: 1.0mL·min-1.RESULTS The method is more convenient and effective to determine the content of MMTA in cefodizime sodium for injection,there was a good linear relationship between the peak area and concentration in the range of 0.00245μg ~ 0.02946μg(r = 0.9999).CONCLUSION The method is reproducible and accurate to determine the content of MMTA in cefodizime sodium for injection.


I estimate network dependence effects in the euro area unsecured overnight interbank market during the financial crisis. I use linear spatial regressions to estimate the dependence of individual banks' trading volumes (and interest rates) on the trading volumes (and interest rates) of their network neighbours. Neighbours are defined from past trading relations. I find pre-dominantly negative dependence for net lending and the lending-borrowing interest rate spread, and positive dependence for total trading volume and borrowing rates. These effects are, however, generally small and significant only in periods of market turmoil or ECB interventions. The results suggest that neighbours act as a buffer in absorbing idiosyncratic liquidity shocks.


Along with intensifying of urban environment pollution and the expansion of the energy consumption pressure,the development fuel gas automobile becomes the urgent matter.It is a complicate social economical system which the interaction development of gas rufuel station and gas vehicle.The application of this system can regulate the source structure,relieve the enviornment pressure and realize the sustainable development strategy object.


Since future military systems are likely to require a relatively small number of highly specialized vacuum electron devices, a reduction of development costs will have a significant impact on the total cost of the device. Experimental testing cycles can be reduced or eliminated through the use of a new, simulation-based design methodology, thereby reducing the time and cost of development. This paper will describe recent progress in the development of such design tools for vacuum electronics and will present plans for future developments in this area.As an example, the measured transfer characteristic of a CPI Ku-band TWT is compared with CHRISTINE3D calculations.


This paper demonstrates that in order to fully appreciate the nuances of financial theory, it is imperative to examine the contributions that behavioral finance has made in applying psychological paradigms to pure mathematical modeling. The current study provides an overview of the major topics and theories related to behavioral finance, including prospect theory, investor biases and inefficient markets in order to assist in managerial decision-making. The integration of behavioral elements to portfolio construction, asset pricing and wealth management are also addressed. As many of the theories of behavioral finance are of a nascent nature, the study concludes with areas for future research.


1. In decorticate monkeys, location of receptor for the righting reflexes acting upon the body was examined.2. When lying in the lateral position, an electrical stimulation of the uppermost splanchnic nerve evoked stereotyped changes in position of all four limbs, identical in pattern with the righting reflexes acting upon the body, which were executed by reciprocal responses of the antagonistic muscles of four limbs.3. The same responses of the skeletal muscles were also induced by an electrical stimulation of the mesentery and of the thoracic and cervical sympathetic trunks.4. Moreover, the same responses of the skeletal muscles were evoked by an electrical stimulation of the proximal cut end of the splanchnic nerve, whereas no response was caused by stimulation of its distal end.5. From these results, it was concluded that the receptors for the righting reflexes acting upon the body lie in the mesentery.6. The conclusion obtained from our experiments is supported by the body reflexes acting upon the body in spinal men described by POLLOCK and his coworkers which are readily evoked while immersed in water in a swimming pool.


Due to advancement in cloud computing technology, the research on the outsourced database has been spotlighted. Consequently, it is becoming more important to guarantee the correctness and completeness of query result in this environment. The existing data encryption schemes do not consider data distribution when encrypting original data. And existing query result integrity methods have limitation of verification object transmission overheads. To resolve these problems, we propose a clustering-based data transformation technique and a privacy-aware query authentication index. Our clustering-based data transformation scheme is designed to select anchors based on data distribution. For the integrity of query results, our query result authentication index stores an encrypted signature for each anchor and compares the anchor signature with the verification data from the data owner. Through performance evaluation, we show that our method outperforms the existing method up to 15 times in terms of query processing time and verification.


PURPOSE: An installation device and a construction method of a tunnel structure using the same are provided to obtain stability and punctuality of a train by maintaining driving of the train in a normal state and to construct the tunnel structure without cutting a train rail. CONSTITUTION: An installation device comprises a pile column, a pair of vertical beams, and a transversal beam member. The pile column is laid under the ground by maintaining a predetermined interval along a right and left outer side of a railroad. The vertical beams are installed on an upper part of the pile column in a train rail progressive direction. The transversal beam member is installed on the upper part of the vertical beams by being intersected with the train rail progressive direction and functions as a floor structure instead of the ground. The transversal beam member comprises an upper slab(50), which is a permanent slab structure, and a transversal beam, which is a temporary slab structure.


This paper presents a new approach for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) using virtual reality (VR) technology. In this paper, VR is used for sorting and visualising image databases in a 3D virtual environment and for representing the results of the search. After reviewing the state-of-the-art of colour image retrieval, the paper introduces the techniques of feature extraction, filtering, feature fusion, image browsing and navigation, and their implications for VR-based colour image retrieval. Although high level semantic processing is often necessary to produce useful navigation aids and search techniques, we apply low level colour, texture and shape features for our colour image discrimination associating content with other multimedia information such as image titles (text) due to effective implementation. Our feature fusion based on weighted multidimensional scaling (WMDS) has added to the existing techniques. Based on this experimental investigation using a colour-texture database, we have shown that virtual reality offers significant advantages as a tool for image retrieval.


An inflammation or injury to the sciatic nerve can result in sciatica, a type of nerve pain. It can cause back discomfort, tingling, and numbness that may travel down to the leg. Either way is possible. The main objective of this article is to treat sciatica with homoeopathic medicine


Text of a bond statement testifying that Francisco Farias (principal), Lazaro de la Garza and Juan Ortiz (seconds) will pay $36 to the chief justice in Webb County as a fine for violating an ordinance that regulates straying animals in Laredo, Texas.


In the structure learning of the large-scale Bayesian network (BN) model for the coal mill process, taking the view of the problem that the decomposition-based method cannot guarantee the sufficient learning of abnormal state node neighborhood in the diagnosis model, this paper proposes a new BN structure learning method based on decomposition. Firstly, a sketch is constructed based on an improved Markov blanket discovery algorithm and edge thickening and thinning. Second, the node centrality of k-path is used to search the important nodes, and the subgraph decomposition is realized by extracting these important nodes and their neighborhoods from the sketch. Then, through the targeted design of subgraph de-duplication, subgraph learning, and subgraph reorganization methods, the learning of large-scale BN is realized. This method is applied to public data sets, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed by comparing them with other methods. The advantage of the BN structure learning method of the abnormal condition diagnosis model is further verified by applying the method to the coal mill process, which is consistent with the original design intention.


The purpose of this study is to explain the influence of cost and service quality policies on customersatisfaction at Ganesha Operation Muara Bulian. The research approach is used through qualitativemethods of collecting data on observation and interviews. The analytical method used is a qualitativeapproach with data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The samples in this study were55 people. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, t test, f test and coef icient ofdetermination simultaneously and using the SPSS program to determine the factors that influencecustomer satisfaction. The conclusions in this study are: The value of multiple linear regression equations, namely Y = 2.072 + 0.982X1 + 0.951X2. It was concluded that if the cost policy (X1) and service quality(X2) = 0, then customer satisfaction (Y) was 2.072, if the cost policy (X1) increased by one unit, customersatisfaction rose by 0.982 assuming service quality (X2) = 0 or constant. And if service quality (X2)increases by one unit, customer satisfaction increases by 0.951 assuming a cost policy variable (X1) = 0or constant. T test with the most dominant value is the cost policy variable of 6,858 thitung> 1,675 ttable. While the F Test with a value of Fcount = 147.067> Ftable = 3.18 means that the variable policy costsand service quality af ect customer satisfaction. For the determination coef icient test of 84.4% which isinfluenced by cost and service quality policies on customer satisfaction and the remaining 15.6% isinfluenced by other factors not examined.


Hepatocytes of Culter alburnus,Mystus macropterus and Siniperca scherzeri were observed and compared under a optical microscope.The boundary of Culter alburnus hepatocytes is clear,the binuclear hepatocytes can be seen occasionally and the hepatocyte cords composed of multiple hepatocytes radiated from the central vein irregularly.The boundaries of the hepatocytes of Mystus macropterus are relatively clear,the hepatocyte cords are woven into nets and the hepatocyte cords also radiate from the central vein.The boundaries of the hepatocytes of Siniperca scherzeri are not clear and the hepatocyte cords can not be differentiated.The hepatocytes of 3 tested fish all have large size cells and a big nucleolus,which can store plentiful glycogen and fat.The hepatocytes of Culter alburnus can be divided into less-adipose and adipose-cell-like hepatocytes,and the hepatocytes of Mystus macropterus and Siniperca scherzer can be divided into less-adipose and more-adipose hepatocytes based on fat content.The less-adipose hepatocyte is possibly evolved from embryonic cells of the liver of arthropods while the adipose-cell-like and more-adipose hepatocytes are evolved from digestive cells of the liver of mollusk.


Psychosocial symptoms as predictors for persistent pain in temporomandibular disorder Ahmed H. Muftah El zawi, BDS MSD candidate Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Lisa J Heaton, PhD Assistant Professor, Oral Health Sciences This longitudinal study of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) reports the association of psychosocial dysfunctions (depression, somatization without pain, somatization, and anxiety) with characteristic pain intensity (CPI), pain interference (PI), and number of disability days (DD) for subjects with TMD. Subjects (N=330) underwent a thorough series of assessments at baseline and follow-up (5-10 years later) to receive both Axis I and Axis II diagnoses per the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). They reported their levels of CPI, PI, and DD at baseline and follow-up. Linear and log-binomial regression analyses were used to evaluate the change in CPI and PI and assess the risk of DD by baseline categories of psychosocial symptoms as measured by the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). Linear regression analysis revealed that subjects with depression at baseline had higher PI at follow-up. Also, subjects with moderate to severe somatization with and without pain had higher CPI at follow-up than subjects without somatization. Furthermore, among subjects with no DD at baseline, subjects with moderate to severe somatization without pain were more likely to have 1 or more DD at follow-up than subjects without somatization. In conclusion, we found that psychosocial impairments (depression, somatization) were associated with increased characteristic of pain intensity, pain interference, and disability days at follow-up.


In this paper, yield line theory is used to analyze regular slabs for different nine edge conditions. Two approaches are used for the computation of ultimate load-carrying capacity of a reinforced concrete slab concerning yield line theory. One is an energy method which uses the principle of virtual work and the other, an equilibrium method, which study the equilibrium of diverse part of the slab formed by the yield lines. The yield line theory is an upper bound theory and hence which pattern gives lowest load carrying capacity is the governing pattern. Finally equations are formulated by using yield line theory which are simple to apply.


Cyanogenesis, the production and liberation of cyanogenic compounds, in the shoots of 42 species of bamboos was assessed, and the results were compared to those of previous studies. The tribes of herbaceous bamboos and subtribes of woody bamboos recognized by Soderstrom and Ellis ( 1987) were found, in general, to be internally consistent for presence or absence of cyanogenesis. The two notable exceptions were in the Guaduinae and Schizostachydinae, in which both cyanogenic and acyanogenic genera occurred. The distribution of cyanogenesis is discussed from a phylogenetic perspective. Introduction The real key to a stable, useful classification of the bamboos is the discovery of their phylogeny. Modern classifications are based on phylogeny. Unless rigorous reproducible methods are used to generate and maintain classifications, the classifications will continue to be subjective and become obsolete concurrently with their creators. In a modern phylogenetic system, as the knowledge of phylogeny in a group becomes better known, the classification becomes more predictive and, hence, more stable. In order to be maximally informative, characters must be discussed in a phylogenetic context. This is our purpose in this brief preliminary report on cyanogenesis in the bamboos. Cyanogenesis has been used to elicit phylogenetic relationships in the grasses and other families (Spencer and Seigler 1985, Tjon Sie Fat 1979) although it has never been discussed in a cladistic framework, or used in bamboo systematics. Good discussions of the cladistic method, the one now most commonly used to clarify phylogenetic relationships and the one used in this paper, are given by Wiley (1981) and Wiley eta/. (1991 ). Briefly, groups are delimited on the basis of shared, derived (apomorphic) character states referred to as synapomorphies. Phylogenetic hypotheses in the form of branching diagrams called cladograms are generated and those requiring the fewest character changes or evolutionary events are preferred due to their greater simplicity or parsi11'lony. The groups (clades) recognized in the classification (genera, species, etc.) resulting from the cladogram must be monophyletic, that is, they must include all of the progeny of their most recent common ancestor. Groups that do not include all of these progeny are called paraphyletic. A brief introduction to cladistic theory along with an application to bamboos is given by Guala ( 1992). Cyanogenesis, as used here, is the production and liberation of cyanogenic compounds and, although it is not widely reported in the bamboos, it is quite common in some groups of both herbaceous and woody bamboos as well as many other grasses. Although the purpose of this paper is to discuss cyanogenesis from a phylogenetic perspective, the empirical testing for this study was originally instigated by the need for suitable forage in captive breeding programs for cyanogenic bamboo-eating lemurs from Madagascar at the Duke Primate Center (see Glander et a/. 1989). More generally, cyanogenesis is thought of as detrimental when it occurs in both native and exotic bamboos that are widely found in tropical pastures and used as forage elsewhere (McClure 1958 and references therein, Guala 1992, Filgueiras and Pereira 1984 ). *Department of Botany, 220 Bartram Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-2009. 2 Gerald F. Guala II 1993 Materials and Methods In addition to a review of the literature, a preliminary empirical study was undertaken to determine the distribution of cyanogenesis in the bamboos. The presence of cyanogenesis was determined by a positive (blue) reaction in the Feigl Anger test (Feigl and Anger 1966) consisting of a strip of filter paper impregnated with Feigl Anger solution suspended over the fresh crushed plant tissue in a small sealed test tube. Leaves were punched with a 5 mm paper punch to give 5, 5 mm disks from the mid-lamina. Shoot cross sections were taken approximately Y2 of the way up young shoots. These were 0.5 em thick and approximately I em in diameter, or the equivalent, when smaller shoots were used. When shoots were more than I em in diameter, the outer layers were removed until the desired diameter was achieved. Two drops of toluene were also added to macerate the tissue and aid in the liberation of HCN compounds. At least 2 tests for each species were performed, most species were tested at least 4 times. The results were then compared to current hypotheses about the phylogeny of the bamboos and discussed in this context. The system of classification presented by Soderstrom and Ellis ( 1987) is employed here as a basis for discussion. All of the plants tested by us and cited in Table I are vouchered at the Vascular Plant Herbarium of the University of Florida (FLAS) unless otherwise noted. Results The foliage leaf laminas of 87 species of bamboos were sampled and none showed a positive reaction. This is what one would expect (McClure 1958) and the leaf material is not further discussed here. The young shoots of 41 of these were also sampled and the results are given in Table I. Records from Glander ct a/. ( 1989) and the records from McClure ( 1958) using the chlorides of iron test are also included. The leaves and shoots of Flagcllaria indica L. (Flagellariaceae), a close relative of the grasses, and Ory:a satim \.... a member of the grass subfamily Oryzoideae, which is often included in the Bambusoideae, were also sampled. Flagcllaria gave a positive reaction in both its leaves and shoots while Ory:a was negative in both cases. The names in Table I are those recognized by the author as valid. In a cladistically consistent classification, only those genera that are themselves monophyletic and do not force the paraphyly of any other genus are recognized. At the preseent time, we can find no characters to support the monophyly of Arundinaria if Ampclocalamus, Pscudosasa, and Drepanostachyum are recognized. The same argument applies to Thamnocalamus with respect to Himalayacalamus. Equivalent binomials in common use are given in the footnotes. Discussion The data in Table I show a striking consistency within the Arundinariinae', Bambusinae, Chusqueinae, Olyreae, and Shibataeinae, and appear to follow generic lines elsewhere. They imply that this character may eventually be useful in the elucidation of phylogenetic relationships among genera. There is no correlation with herbaceousness vs. woodiness, Old World vs. New World endemics, or sympodial vs. monopodia! rhizomes. This supports the independence of the character and may further support its utility for phylogenetic analysis. Campbell and Kellogg ( 1987), using morphological and anatomical data, found 'Seigler ( 1979) found cyanogenesis in the "leaf-culm" of Sasa variegata. However, he employed the Guignard test and added emulsion and/or linamarase if a test was initially negative. The results are, therefore, not comparable to ours. 1993 J. A mer. Bamboo Society Vol. I 0 No. I &2 3 Table 1. Species of Bamboo tested for the presence of cyanogenesis using either the Feigl Anger test or a Chorides of Iron test. In addition to our data designated with (I), the records of McClure (195X) and Glander ct a/. (1989) are also included and designated with (2) and (3) respectively. Higher level groups are those of Soderstrom and Ellis ( 19X7). Species names and generic circumscriptions are those of the author. Anomochloea Anomochloa marantoidca Brongn' Arthrostylidiinae Rhipidocladum raccmiflorum (Steud.) McClure (I) Arundinariinae Arundinaria actinotricha Merr. & Chun 1 (I) Arundinariinae Arundinaria falcata Nees (I) Arundinariinae Arundinaria fastuosa (Marc. ex Mitf.) Houz. (I) Arundinariinae Arundinaria gigantca (Walt.) Chapm. (I) Arundinariinae Arundinaria hindsii Munro' (2) Arundinariinae Arundinaria japonica Sieb. & Zucc. (I ,2) Arundinariinae Arundinaria khasiana Munro (I) Arundinariinae Thamnocalamus falconer/ Hook e (I) Bambusinae Bamhusa hamhos (L.) Voss. ex Vilm. (1,2) Bambusinae Bamhusa hccchcyana Munro (I) Bambusinae Bamhusa c( dissimulator McClure" (I) Bambusinae Bamhusa .flcxuosa Munro (I) Bambusinae Bamhusa lincata Munro (2) Bambusinae Bamhusa (I longispiculata Gamble ex Brandis (I) Bambusinae Bamhusa malingcnsis McClure (I) Bambusinae Bamhusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult. (I ,2) Bambusinae Bamhusa polymmpha Munro (2) Bambusinae Bamhusa textilis McClure (I) Bambusinae Bamhusa vcntricosa McClure (I) Bambusinae Bamhusa ntlgaris Schrad. ex Wend!. (I ,2) Bambusinae Dcndrocalamus aspcr (Schultz) Backer (I ,2) Bambusinae Dcndrocalamus ha/cooa (Roxb.) Voigt. (2) Bambusinae Dcndrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Am. ex Munro (I) Bambusinae Dcndrocalamus sfl·ictus (Roxb.) Nees (2) Bambusinae Dinochloa scandcns (Blume) Kuntze (I) Bambusinae Gigantochloa apus (Bl. ex Schult. f.) Kurz (2) Bambusinae Gigantochloa atrm·iolacca Widjaja (I) Bambusinae Gigantochloa attcr (Hassk.) Kurz ex Munro (2) 'Not vouchered. Our material is from living collections originally at U.S .. and believed to be from the locality of C aldcr6n 2381. 1 Ampeloca!amus scandens Hsueh & Li. "Drepanostachyum .falcatum (Nees) Keng. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 5 Although McClure obained no reaction with the iron chloride test, he saw an "apparently weak" reaction using the Guignard test. "Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. & Zucc.) Makino. 7 Drepanostachyum khasianum (Munro) Keng. 'Himalayaca/amus.falmneria (Hook. f. ex Munro) P. C. Keng. "cf = mnfl'l~ compare. This is often employed when the identification of the specimen at hand is uncertain. 4 Gerald F. Guala II


Quantum error-correcting code for higher dimensional systems can, in general, be directly constructed from the codes for qubit systems. What remains unknown is whether there exist efficient code design techniques for higher dimensional systems. In this paper, we propose a 7-qutrit error-correcting code for the ternary quantum system and show that this design formulation has no equivalence in qubit systems. This code is optimum in the number of qutrits required to correct a single error while maintaining the CSS structure. This degenerate CSS code can (i) correct up to seven simultaneous phase errors and a single bit error, (ii) correct two simultaneous bit errors on pre-defined pairs of qutrits on eighteen out of twenty-one possible pairs, and (iii) in terms of the cost of implementation, the depth of the circuit of this code is only two more than that of the ternary Steane code. Our proposed code shows that it is possible to design better codes explicitly for ternary quantum systems instead of simply carrying over codes from binary quantum systems.


Trusted Platform Module (TPM) which is the root of trusted computing provides the cryptographic functions through the Application Programming Interface (API). However the API is defined as un-formal description in TCG's specification and the security policies are not discussed and guaranteed by TCG. We propose a formal model to describe the APIs system based on specification. In order to automatically verify the security policies,a formal deduction model based on resolution principle and theorem proving is presented,and a mechanism of executability determination is also integrated in the method to alleviate state space explosion problem to some extent. The proposed theory and method are then applied in the Key Migration module of TPM APIs and several design faults are disclosed.


Uttarakhand state is blessed with major water resources including large reverine system with its tributaries. In spite of the plethora of water resources, the people of the state are facing the problem of safe fresh water due to slope factor, management issues, urban conglomeration, deforestation and other environmental factors as discussed in the article. Besides this, an integrated approach considering the national water policy in state context is urgently required in difficult topographic and changing climatic conditions. The present article highlights the hydrogeology of the state, sustainable water resources including traditional water resources, drinking water supply system in state, Uttaranchal Koop, bank filtration technology. Furthermore, various suggestions are also incorporated for the fortification of water resources of the state.