Discussion on TREM2 splicing and its different transcripts with regard to the physiological function of TREM2 and its role in disease.


The maturation of chondrocytes is essential for endochondral bone formation. The Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) gene is expressed in prehypertropic chondrocytes and has been proposed to regulate chondrocyte maturation. While such secretary factors as PTHrP and BMP are thought to be involved in Ihh expression, the mechanism of the restricted expression of Ihh is not clear.


This paper mainly analyzes the stability of high-dimensional fractional-order gene regulatory network systems with time delay. Based on the judgment of eigenvalues, this paper proposes sufficient information about the stability of high-dimensional fractional-order gene regulatory network systems with time delay. Conditions, and by analyzing the characteristic equations, the bifurcation conditions of the high-dimensional fractional-order gene regulatory network system with time delay are derived. Finally, the theoretical part of this paper is verified by numerical simulation.


Objective To detect aberrant methylation status of the 5'CpG island locating in the promoter area of pl6 in pancreatic cancer, the relationship between the aberrant methylation of p16 and clinical manifestation was analyzed. Methods Target DNA was modified by bisulfit, and p16 fragment was amplified with primers specific for methylated and unmethylated DNA. Results Aberrant methylation of 5'CpG island locating in the promoter area of pl6 was detected in 14/36 cases of pancreatic cancer, and no aberrant methylated p16 sequences were detected in tissue adjacent to cancer (5 cases), normal pancreatic tissue (1 case), pancreatitis (7 cases) and pancreatic mucinous cystoadenocarcinima (2 cases). Conclusions Methylation of pl6 gene promoter 5'CpG island can induce inactivation of pl6 gene and the methylation can be detected in pancreatic cancer. Detection of aberrant p16 methylation may be helpful to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.


ZigBee is a low-speed WPAN technology,suitable for the applications of small-amount communication data,relatively low speed and low power consumption.Flexible networking is one of its major characteristics,and however,for its relatively short transmission distance,its development is restrained.Based on ZigBee wireless network technology,a way to increase the data transmission distance by raising transmitting power and receiving sensitivity is proposed,the power amplifier circuit and the low-noise amplifier circuit are simulated and optimized with ADS software,and a best circuit design is thus obtained.The simulation results basically accord with the demands of satisfied the system power and gain.


Astrophysical implications of gravitational microlensing of gravitational waves emitted by rotating neutron stars (NSs) are investigated. In particular, attention is focused on the following situations: i) NSs in the galactic bulge lensed by a central black hole of $2.6\times 10^6 M_{\odot}$ or by stars and MACHOs distributed in the galactic bulge, disk and halo between Earth and the sources; ii) NSs in globular clusters lensed by a central black hole of $\sim 10^3 M_{\odot}$ or by stars and MACHOs distributed throughout the Galaxy. The detection of such kind of microlensing events will give a unique opportunity for the unambiguous mapping of the central region of the Galaxy and of globular clusters. In addition, the detection of such events will provide a new test of the General Theory of Relativity. Gravitational microlensing will, moreover, increase the challenge of detecting gravitational waves from NSs.


Two common bean cultivars were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions. Plants were submitted to a foliar Pi spray two days before suspending irrigation, what enhanced net CO2 assimilation rate of Ouro Negro cultivar but did not change significantly the photosynthesis of Carioca cultivar under both water deficit and rehydration periods. The results revealed that a foliar Pi spray induced an up-regulation of photosynthesis in common bean under mild water deficit, with this effect being genotype-dependent.


Problem statement: The concentration of Arsenic, Nickel and Iron from twenty water
samples from Ugbe Akoko in Ondo state, Nigeria was determined with atomic absorption spectrometer
and conductivity meter. Approach: The aims are to determine the level of concentration of the three
heavy metals in the well water, the relationship between the WHO reference standard for pure water
and the well water sample and the potential hazards in utilizing the water for their sole purposes of
drinking and cooking. Results: The result showed that, water samples 2, 6 8, 14, 17, 18 and 19 have
low level of Arsenic metal pollution with values below 0.05 ppm WHO standard. Samples 1, 4, 6, 8,
10, 13, 14 and 19 are with low level Nickel concentrations compare to WHO acceptable value of 0.02.
The Fe occurrence in samples 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 is below the
WHO standard permissible level. Only water samples 2, 3 and 13 have higher Fe value (2-13 times)
above WHO acceptable level. Water samples 6, 8, 14 and 19 have values of As, Ni and Fe below the
WHO acceptable standard. Conclusion/Recommendations: However the conductivity result which is
too high shows that other metals or salts can still be present. The As, Ni and Fe pollution result from
human activities involving improper refuse and sewage disposal often at places with shallow well
resulting from sediment overlying the impervious bedrock.


Blood and urine level distributions of several antitumor agents, administered I. V. or P. O. to human subjects, have been determined using cell culture assay and chromatography methods. Reproducible blood and urine levels could be determined after administration of amethopterin,[2][1] 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine or streptovitacin A. Peak blood levels with these agents were 0.4–1.0 µg/ml (streptovitacin A, Ameth, and 6-MP) or 45 µg/ml (5-FU). Although cytotoxicity could be demonstrated in blood specimens after the administration of 5-FUDR, vinblastine, or cyclophosphamide, the data were not sufficiently reproducible for quantitative assay purposes. No drug activity was observed in blood following I. V. administration of actinomycin D or nitrogen mustard, in spite of the high cytotoxicity of these agents. In general, cytotoxic activity was observed in the urine specimens of patients after administration of all of the above agents.

Data on the recovery of antitumor agents added to whole human blood and serum in vitro , and the inherent cytotoxicity of human blood specimens per se , are also presented.

 [1]: #fn-2


The ' Texas sharpshooter fallacy ' (or: ' clustering illusion ' ) refers to a man with a gun but no shooting skills who fi res a number of bullets into the wall of a barn, paints a bull ' s-eye around a fortuitous cluster of bullet holes, and declares himself a sharpshooter (Smith, 2016). In every collec-tion of data there will occur coincidental clusters, just as in one hundred random gunshots there will be clusters of bullet holes. Human percep-tion tends to identify patterns where none actually exist. We ignore dif-ferences and focus on similarities, thus increasing the risk of arriving at false conclusions. For scienti fi c fi ndings to be convincing, the target should be pre-speci fi ed (the bull ' s-eye should be painted before fi ring the bullets): Does endometriosis occur more often in red-haired Caucasian women between 26 and 33 years of age? If a large enough prospective study con fi rms this pre-speci fi ed detailed study question, you are in busi-ness. If the red-haired, middle-aged Caucasian emerges as the result of intensive data dredging and torturing of immense administrative data-bases for nominally signi fi cant associations, comparing dozens of attri-butes without correcting for multiple observations, you are in trouble. Especially, if a pathophysiological rationale for your research is lacking and a biological plausibility of your fi ndings does not exist (Braakhekke et al. , 2017). Forecasting endometriosis after having performed a laparos-copy is easy. Predictive factors (e.g. biomarkers) may be developed in one set of patients; they should be validated in a second, independent set of similar patients. Prognostic models always do well in the popula-tion


In the article the issues of tourism development in the regions of Saberia are considered, the economic and social meaning of tourism for sustainable development of territories is shown, the topicality is revealed and problems of ecotourism development in regions are defined. As one of the problems of such methodology a necessity of formation the methods of assessment has been defined, they should be adaptive to peculiarities of territories correspondent to requirements of ecological tourism, the assessment qualifying features of ecotourism potential of Krasnoyarsk area have been proposed.


The dove prism is widely used in periscopes and other optical instruments to rotate the image azimuth in the field of view. The dove prism is compared to another image rotating prism. The comparison is in respect of the base length of the prism and the area required to pass a given beam width. Both the prisms have three polished sides, which are made of a single piece of glass, and have to be used in collimated light and hence the comparison.


Multilocation and on stations trials were conducted during 2004 and 2005 to evaluate System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of rice cultivation in comparison with normal transplanting (NT) and Integrated Crop Management (ICM) methods . Grain yield recorded under SRI was significantly higher under SRI compared to that under NT at 53% of the locations, while it was similar to that under ICM at 33% of locations involved. Higher grain yield under SRI was recorded in diverse soil types, with wide range of soil pH (6-8) and different regions which could be associated with increased number of panicles per unit area, biomass and panicle weight. However, the cultivars used had significant interaction with method of cultivation at 28% of the locations. Rice hybrids responded better than varieties. Normal transplanting with wider spacing or SRI method with older seedlings did not enhance grain yield in the on station studies at DRR. Significantly, SRI could be adopted successfully even under late transplanting conditions.


A study observing the influence of siblings or lack thereof, birth order and vocabulary skills on social skills of adolescent cochlear implant recipients using ratings from their parents.


ioribus linearibus integerrimis, paniculae diffusae ramis squamatis, squamis anthodii hemispherici cuspidatis. Cuba." Aster inconspicuus Less., Linnaea 5: 143. 1830. Based on Erigeron expansus Poppig ex Spreng. Aster exilis var. inconspicuus (Less.) Hieronymus, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 19. 1900. (Sphalm. conspicuus.) Based on Aster inconspicuus Less.-Among the collections in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium is one from the Bernhardi Herbarium with a small tag reading "Erigeron expansum En. pl. Cub. MSS. In siccis calidis Cubae. Octbr." This consists of a section of stem taken in the lower part of a diffuse inflorescence. The larger leaves are obscurely and remotely toothed, up to 0.9 cm. wide by 13 cm. long, acuminate and with long-tapering, winged-petiolar base. The specimen agrees with Wright 2828, from Cuba, in having larger, more pointed leaves and more slenderly pointed phyllaries than are characteristic of the form treated as var. australis. No specimens of var. cubensis have been seen from the North American continent. -It should be mentioned that three of the other varieties named by De Candolle on the same page with var. cubense (vars. mexicanum, domingense, and brasilianum) were not described and were not based on any previously published description; as nomina nuda, they have no claim to consideration under present rules of nomenclature. The one remaining variety for which a basonym was cited, var. boreale, being based directly on Aster subulatus Michx., would now be called var. subulatus.


Robert Bevan, The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War, London, Reaktion Books, 2006; pp. 240; ISBN 10: 1 86189 205 5 Brett Ashley Kaplan, Unwanted Beauty: Aesthetic Pleasure in Holocaust Representation, Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 2007; pp. 215; ISBN 13: 978 0 252 03093 2 Lisa A. Kirschenbaum, The Legacy of the Siege of Leningrad, 1941–1995: Myth, Memories, and Monuments, Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006; pp. 309; ISBN 10: 0 521 86326 0 Richard Ned Lebow, Wulf Kansteiner and Claudio Fogu (eds), The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe, Durham, NC, and London, Duke University Press, 2006; pp. 366; ISBN 13: 978 0 8223 3802 5 Bill Niven, The Buchenwald Child: Truth, Fiction and Propaganda, New York, Camden House, 2007; pp. 244; ISBN 13: 978 1 57113 339 7 Victoria Stewart, Narratives of Memory: British Writing of the 1940s, Houndmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006; pp. 218; ISBN 13: 978 1 4039 9703 6


Recent decisions pave the way for Metro/City of Portland, Oregon and Seattle to go full-scale with commercial organics diversion, as Toronto's 3-stream residential program expands.


Introduction 1. Emergence of the American System, 1790-1860 2. Art and Industry in the Gilded Age, 1860-1918 3. Designing the Machine Age, 1918-1940 4. High Design versus Popular Styling, 1940-1965 5. Toward the Millennium: Moving Beyond Modernism Further Reading Museums Web Sites Timeline


During an interactive configuration session we may reach a point where our desires can not be met. At this point we can consider "tradeoffs". Ideally, we would like the configurator to suggest appropriate tradeoffs to us. In this paper we have modeled tradeoffs in constraint-based configuration as additional constraints, and begun to study the issues involved in generating and evaluating such tradeoffs. We describe our basic approach in the context of a "toy" configuration problem based on the classic N-Queens problem. Initial experiments compare "proposal strategies" for generating tradeoffs. We lay out a program for further study, outlining the parameters of the problem space to be explored. Finally, we discuss how our ideas might be applied to a real-world configuration problem.


Abstract This article considers, from a deconstructive perspective, the tension between the ideal of "law-as-Logos" within the Western legal tradition and an unstable, transgressive textuality that undermines that ideal, and which may be related conceptually to Derridean notions of différance and supplementarity. Within this context, the ambiguous status of the preface as a marginal space that is seemingly both redundant and essential to the text or discourse that it supplements assumes theoretical significance. The article examines the relation between what Plato terms "law pure and simple" and that which exists at the margins of law, supplementing and subverting law's claim to pure self-presence. It goes on to consider a particularly ideologically potent prefatory narrative that supplemented the theory and practice of English law in the eighteenth century: the fiction of the Gothic origin of English law. This article examines the destabilizing effects of the law's fictions of origin within the specific historical context of the emergence of legal and literary "Gothicism" in eighteenth-century England; it does so in particular through an analysis of and comparison between Blackstone's Commentaries and the deeply ambivalent fictions of literary origin presented in the famous prefaces to Horace Walpole's Gothic "original," The Castle of Otranto.


The observations here reported form part of a study of the nasopharyngeal flora of persons in isolated communities during health and when they were suffering with colds. The results of studies of aerobic flora have been published (Burky and Smillie (1929); Milam and Smillie (1931)). Field studies have been made in southern Alabama, in Labrador, and in St. John, one of the Virgin Islands in the West Indies. In the course of this field work cultures were made of the filter-passing anaerobic organisms of the nasopharynx of normal persons and of those with colds. This report is a summary of the results of this work. Olitsky and Gates (1920) first isolated a minute micro6rganism from the nasopharyngeal washings of early uncomplicated cases of influenza. This organism, which they named B. pneumosintes, is a cocco-bacillus, non-motile, Gram-negative, very small, and entirely anaerobic. It was first recovered in Smith-Noguchi medium; later, it was grown on blood-agar plates. Other workers subsequently reported the isolation of B. pneumosintes; Loewe and Zeman (1921) obtained strains from 3 cases of influenza; Gordon (1922) reported its presence in fourteen of 20 cases of influenza; Detwiler and Hodge (1924) in three of 6 cases, and Lister (1922) in five out of 15 cases of the same disease. Branham and Hall (1921), McIntosh (1922), and Traut and Herrold (1930) reported negative results from influenza studies. Later, Olitsky and Gates (1922) and Olitsky and McCartney


Fault Diagnosis (FD) has a major importance to enhance the quality of manufacturing and to lessen the cost of product testing. It keeps away from product quality problems and facilitates precautionary maintenance and pattern recognition problem. It has more attention to develop methods for improving the accuracy and efficiency of pattern recognition. Many computational tools and algorithms that have been recently developed could be used. This study evaluates the performances of three of the popular and effective data mining models to diagnose seven commonly occurring faults of the steel plate namely; Pastry, Z_Scratch, K_Scatch, Stains, Dirtiness, Bumps and other faults. The models include C5.0 decision tree (C5.0 DT) with boosting, Multi Perception Neural Network (MLPNN) with pruning and Logistic Regression (LR) with step forward. A training set of such patterns, the individual model learned how to differentiate a new case in the domain. The diagnosis performances of the proposed models are presented using statistical accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. The diagnostic accuracy of the C5.0 decision tree with boosting algorithm. Experimental results showed that data mining algorithms in general and decision trees in particular have the great impact of on the problem of steel plates fault diagnosis.


Governmental intervention is inevitable to private universities because of private universities' public character and positive externality as well as the possible occurrence of "market failure" in educational field. It's no doubt that governments are not "all-round", so governmental intervention should be limited but effective. In reality, there are various phenomena of anomie in governmental intervention to private universities, either excessive or inadequate, or with a single means. The lagging of current governments' management ideas and function transformation, or the inadequate function innovation, have caused the inappropriate governmental intervention, which not only influence the promotion of government management level but also hinder seriously the healthy and sustainable development of private universities. Governments should transform their management ideas practically, should have a better understanding to private universities, should adjust their functions, improve the means and measures of intervention, train and develop positively the intermediary organizations, loosen government regulation to a moderate degree, release powers gradually to the universities and the market, so as to recover private universities' functions. Limited but effective intervention will be an ideal role for governments to private universities.


A family of combination rules, from which van der Waals coefficients for interactions between unlike molecules may be estimated in terms of those for the corresponding like interactions and the static polariabilities, is tested empirically and related to an approximate parameterization of the frequency‐dependent polarizability function. The treatment includes two‐ and three‐body dipole force constants and the higher‐multipole terms of the second‐order two‐body dispersion energy. The rules give agreement within a few percent (about the same accuracy as the input data) when compared with accurate unlike coefficients for systems involving H, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Hg, H2, N2, CH4, He(21S), He(23S), He+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+. Knowledge of n like coefficients and polarizabilities permits calculation of n(n − 1) / 2 unlike two‐body and n(n − 1)(n + 4) / 6 unlike three‐body force constants.


We investigate a recent semantics for intermediate (and modal) logics in terms of polyhedra. The main result is a finite axiomatisation of the intermediate logic of the class of all polytopes -- i.e., compact convex polyhedra -- denoted PL. This logic is defined in terms of the Jankov-Fine formulas of two simple frames. Soundness of this axiomatisation requires extracting the geometric constraints imposed on polyhedra by the two formulas, and then using substantial classical results from polyhedral geometry to show that convex polyhedra satisfy those constraints. To establish completeness of the axiomatisation, we first define the notion of the geometric realisation of a frame into a polyhedron. We then show that any PL frame is a p-morphic image of one which has a special form: it is a 'sawed tree'. Any sawed tree has a geometric realisation into a convex polyhedron, which completes the proof.


The following paper deals with the euphemisms occurring in the original text and some Italian translations of F.M. Dostoevskij's novel "Crime and Punishment." Particular attention is given to the euphemisms formed via application of metaphor, as it appears to be one of the most effective veiling instruments. First of all, the main thematic areas of metaphorical euphemisms use are indicated and, subsequently, a lexicographic-cultural analysis is conducted paying attention, as well, to the essential functions and processes of formation of such a type of words and expressions in Russian and Italian. An important part of the article is devoted to the contrastive analysis of Russian metaphorical euphemisms found in the text of the novel and their translations into Italian. Apart from the masking meaning, metaphorical euphemisms contain those cultural and symbolic, expressed by means of semiotic content of denotatum, and this characteristic makes of them often a complicated translation problem to resolve. Some examples will be delivered in order to demonstrate the major tendencies translators follow dealing with the issue.


We introduce a notion of double group construction within the category of quasi Woronowicz algebras which are regarded as quantum groups in the von Neumann algebra framework. We show that the quantum double in this setting is always unimodular. The Kac-Takesaki operator of the double group is explicitly described. It is also proven that the dual of the quantum double has a quasitriangular structure.


The invention provides an exhaust treatment system capable of carrying out advanced exhaust treatment, a motor unit and a vehicle. An exhaust treatment system (30) applied to a motor (30), comprising an exhaust ducting (31), exhaust gas is brought thereto from the motor; a reducing catalyst (38) arranged in the exhaust ducting; and an oxidation catalyst (41) arranged at the downstream of the reducing catalyst (38) in the exhaust ducting; and a path forming component (33) for forming air supply path (34). The path forming component is arranged from a part of upstream pipe section arranged with the reducing catalyst (38) to the downstream pipe section of the part along the reducing catalyst (38) in the exhaust ducting. The air supply path (34) introduces air from the upstream of the reducing catalyst (38), and supplies the introduced air to the exhaust ducting (31) at the downstream of the reducing catalyst (38) and the upstream of the oxidation catalyst (41).


Combining information from multiple spectral bands to describe a scene in which objects will be tracked can aid a well designed algorithm in differentiating between interesting and unimportant objects. This will lead to a more effective automated tracking system. Successful image fusion requires accurate imagery and good image registration. While offering certain advantages, using linear arrays also introduces new challenges. This paper will discuss the design of a system that combines a dual band infrared (IR) imager with a visible imager to feed a robust tracker with an intuitive user interface.


Next-generation thin film solar cell technologies require the use of abundant photovoltaic absorber materials in nature. Various materials such as CuInGaS (CIGS), CIGSSe CdTe, and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) have been explored and used for solar cell technology. Nevertheless, the complex crystal structure and the elemental toxicity restrict them for photovoltaic applications. Studies in recent years have begun to reduce costs and complexity in the structure of new ternary semiconductors [1]. Among them, Cu2SnS3 (CTS) is an earth abundant, non-toxic material with direct band gap energies of 0.93-1.77 eV. Suitable electrical and optical properties they exhibit, promise their use as absorbent layer for photovoltaic applications [2]. Unfortunately, the material still needs to improve for high efficiency [3]. Depending on the deposition technique, several secondary phases may appear and affecting the formation reactions during the sulfurization process of the film [4]. Insufficient conversion of binary sulfides during thermal process may lead to the formation of unwanted compounds which affect the crystallization of CTS. In this work, Cu-Sn precursor metals deposited on glass substrates by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technique. In the second stage, the production of CTS films was completed by applying a sulfurization process in a furnace at different sulfurization temperatures. Many physical features have been examined such as optical, structural, surface and electrical properties of the films and were investigated in detailed with the help of xray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and four-point probe techniques.


Real-world network data is often very noisy and contains erroneous or missing edges. These superfluous and missing edges can be identified statistically by assessing the number of common neighbors of the two incident nodes. To evaluate whether this number of common neighbors, the so called co-occurrence, is statistically significant, a comparison with the expected co-occurrence in a suitable random graph model is required. For networks with a skewed degree distribution, including most real-world networks, it is known that the fixed degree sequence model, which maintains the degrees of nodes, is favourable over using simplified graph models that are based on an independence assumption. However, the use of a fixed degree sequence model requires sampling from the space of all graphs with the given degree sequence and measuring the co-occurrence of each pair of nodes in each of the samples, since there is no known closed formula for this statistic. While there exist log-linear approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, the computational complexity still depends on the length of the Markov chain and the number of samples, which is significant in large-scale networks. In this article, we show based on ground truth data that there are various phase transition-like tipping points that enable us to choose a comparatively low number of samples and to reduce the length of the Markov chains without reducing the quality of the significance test. As a result, the computational effort can be reduced by an order of magnitudes.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of gefitinib(Iressa),an epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:From Sep 2003 to May 2005,86 patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ NSCLC were enrolleded.Gefitinib was administered orally 250 mg daily.Clinical data were analyzed using chi-square test,t test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results:(Among) the 86 patients,the median duration for administration of gefitinib was 7 months.Rate of followed up was 100%.Complete response(CR) and partial response (PR) was 1.2% and 26.7%,respectively;tumor response rate(CR+PR) was 27.9%;stable disease(SD) was 39.5%;disease control rate was 67.4%;the rate of symptom relief was 58.7% and median time of occurrence of symptom improvement was 10 days and duration was 6.2 months.Median time of time to progression(TTP) and of survival was 7.2 months and 8.5 months,respectively.Survival rate at 1 year was 37.5%.The major adverse events were mild skin rash(54.6%) and diarrhea(44.25%).Others were nausea(10.5%),dyspnea(5.8%),fever(2.3%),interstitial pneumonia(1.2%) and conjunctivitis(1.2%).Stratification analysis showed that patients who were female,adenocarcinoma,good performance states,without smoking,≤65 years old had good response(P0.05).Relationship was not observed between expression of EGFR,P53 and HER-2 with efficacy and survival of patients using gefitinib treatment(P0.05).Conclusion:Monotherapy with gefitinib is effective and tolerable for the patients with advanced NSCLC.


Any machine-tool or manufacturing process designed by engineers is not as excellent as plants, animals or processes occurring in natural surroundings, which have been designed by The NATURE in evolution process. The bridge between solutions occurring in natural surroundings and technique create the BIONIC. The bionic (from Greece words "bios – life" and "mimesis – to mimic") is an interdisciplinary science which investigated alive organisms, materials and processes occurring in the natural surroundings in order to apply results in technical solutions. The bionic achievements have been applied in many branches of technique. Nowadays it is very important to start the intensive research on bio-inspired applications in the area of production engineering. However it is not optimistic that there are many factories and engineers who don't apply bio-inspirations in their professional activities. The results of investigations presented in this paper can encourage for wider applications of bioinspirations in engineering. So, in the paper there are presented general informations about methodology of bio-inspired design. Then, the practical application and results are presented. The special attention is payed for bio-improvements in manufacturing systems, mechanical parts shape and inside structure designing, special properties of surface layer creation and innovations in drilling and grinding operations. The general idea of the paper is to generate some kind of braking down in the classical view on engineering and manufacturing processes further development.


This report presents data on clinicians' use of a browsing and encoding utility. Traditional and computerized discharge summaries during three phases of coding ICD-9 diagnoses were compared: phase I (no coding), phase II (manual coding), and phase III (computerized semiautomatic coding). Our data indicate that only 50% of all diagnoses in a discharge summary are encoded manually; using a computerized browsing and encoding utility this rate may increase by 64%; when forced to encode diagnoses manually users may "shift" as much as 84% of relevant diagnoses from the appropriate section to other sections, thereby "bypassing" the need to encode. This effect can be partially reversed by up to 41% with the computerized approach. Using a computerized encoding help can ensure completeness of encoding data (from 46 to 100%). We conclude that the use of a computerized browsing and encoding tool by clinicians can increase data quality and the volume of documented data. Mechanisms bypassing the need to code can be reversed.


Applications of robotics in surgery to date have taken advantage primarily of the robot's accurate positioning capability. Robotics technology could also be applied to a telerobotic microsurgical system with the surgeon dynamically controlling the manipulator. A first step toward developing such a system is to understand the surgeon's grasp and dexterous movement strategies. Principles of the analysis of grasp are described.<<ETX>>


Objective: Our aim was to identify the factors associated with the anaemia during pregnancy in women. Materials and Methods: We carried out a case and control study; clinical files were reviewed and we conducted direct face-to-face interviews with pregnant women with a delivery during the months of February and March, 2005 who was cared for at Family Medicine Unit 1 (UMF) 1 during the first postpartum week. For each patient with anaemia, two controls from the same institutional base were selected. Sample size was determined with the modified proportions comparison formula. Associations were sought by means of odds ratio (OR), χ test, and logistic regression. Results: A total of 60 patients with anaemia were included in the study, as were 120 subjects without anaemia. We identified the following nine anaemia-associated factors in 23 study participants: Iron deficiency, OR 15.4 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 6.740–35.18); inadequate iron supplementation, OR 5.4 (95% CI, 2.770–10.60); dysfunctional family, OR 3.8 (95% CI, 1.920–7.714); inappropriate nutritional guidance, OR 3.7 (95% CI, 1.950–9.400); low socioeconomic level, OR 3.5 (95% CI, 1.581–9.590); low pregestational Body mass index (BMI), OR 3.1 (95% CI, 1.586–6.093); deficient feeding, OR 2.6 (95% CI, 1.590–5.848); an antecedent of three or more childbirths, OR 2.5 (95% CI, 1.333–5.518), and inadequate prenatal control, OR 2.4 (95% CI, 1.755–4.103). Conclusions: Anaemia in pregnancy is associated fundamentally with factors related with iron deficiency, with poor nutritional status and habits with the participation of other factors such as non-attendance at prenatal control, poor daily life conditions, and changes in family dynamics.


The article deals with the archival documents revealing the development of the economy of Buryatia in the XIX century. This paper analyzes the documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Buryatia, the State Archives of the Irkutsk region, the Archives of the Orientalists of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is revealed that the annual reports and Stepnyi doom's statistics are the most informative. They provide a comprehensive picture of Buryat's economy. They contain information about the natural conditions, the size and composition of the population in the Buryat departments, of taxation; materials for animal husbandry, farming, hunting, fishing, crafts, private enterprises, trade and other activities. It is shown that in the Stepnyi doom's archives along with the same type there are rare documents, which reflect the significant events that took place in the economy of the Buryats.


The study evaluated the combined effects of chicken manure (CM) and inorganic (NK) fertilizer on yield and yield attributes of three hybrid maize varieties. Field experiments were carried out during the 2010 and 2011 planting seasons on soils derived from coastal plain sands in Akpabuyo, Nigeria. Five fertilizer treatments (0, Nitrogen (Urea 46%) +Muriate of Potash (60%), 5t chicken manure+urea and muriate of potash designated (5 tonnes CM+NK), 10 tonnes CM+NK and 20 tonnes CM alone and three maize varieties Suwan-1-SR, Obatanpa, NDD20 and Calabar White ) were studied. The sustainability index (SI) was also determined. Application of chicken manure significantly (P<0.05) increased plant growth parameters, with a peak at 8weeks after sowing (WAS). The Calabar White variety treated with 10 tonnes CM+NK had the tallest plants (166.10 cm), highest number of leaves (13.70) and largest leaf area (595.4 cm2) at 8WAS while ND4420 had the shortest plants. Averaged across fertilizer treatment, Suwan-1-SR had the highest yield (2904.46 kg ha-1) with 10 tonnes CM+NK treatment while ND4420 had the lowest (923.86 kg ha-1) with 0 CM. Agronomic efficiency was highest with NK treatment (316 kg ha-1) followed by (195.42 kg ha-1) under 10 tonnes CM+NK while 20 tonnes CM had the lowest (8.6 kg ha-1). The Partial factor productivity (Pfp) followed the same trend with the highest value (658 kg) obtained from NK and the lowest (8.6 kg) from 20 tonnes CM. However, sustainability index (SI) followed a descending trend in the order 10 tonnes CM+NK, 20 tonnes CM, 5 tonnes CM+NK and NK. Thus, the 10 tonnes CM+NK with 72.5% SI was more productive and environmentally safer than NK with the highest agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity.


Question generation attempts to create natural questions from a body of text. An important application of this technology is related to education: we can use question generation to provide readily-available reading comprehension material given any corpus of text. Successful question generation can also used to generate non-trivial annotated datasets for question answering given a piece of text. Furthermore, question generation can be used as a submodule in chatbot systems to prompt certain answers from users based on the responses that the user has given so far. This feature could be integrated in a wide-ranging variety of disciplines, such as in commercial chatbots or in healthcare-based chatbots.


The purpose of the paper is to present a comprehensive expert model created to obtain the quantitative safety risks assessment of environmental projects' implementation in the aviation sector, within the investment phase of the project life cycle. The successful implementation of aviation environmental projects depends also on the security risks of the projects, their implementation, and the team implementing them. The complex expert model will allow increasing the degree of validity of the decision on the security risks of project implementation in the aviation sector. On one hand, the developed model uses the quantitative estimates of the project on various indicators and it is based on different models, and on the other hand, it uses the experience, the knowledge and the expertise of the project, and the security experts in the subject area. The model is based on the neuro-fuzzy network. It enhances the accuracy and the objectivity of the project evaluation within the investment phase of the project life cycle. Copyright © 2020 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.


The study aimed to identify the level of readiness using (ICT) in teaching and its effects on the work and behaviour of preschool children.Using the survey method the study will identify level of readiness using ICT among teachers and the impact on the work and behaviours of preschool children who used ICT with that of non-users. A total of four preschool clasess in the Gombak district of Selangor were chosen as samples.The study involved 100 respondents and 30 teachers.The result of the study showed the level of readiness among teachers is at the level of average (66.2%) whilst the physical facilities is also at the level of average (65.5%). Appropriateness of resources is at the high level (77.5%). The study also showed that preschool teachers are prepared to implement the use of ICT in their teaching and learning process. Analysis using Pearson correlation indicated a strong and positive relationship of the variables pupils' work and behaviour. However analysis of test using MANOVA found that there is no significant difference on the pupils' work and behaviour based on the teaching approach used by preschool teachers.


new classifier algorithm based on Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MPNN), Apriori association rules, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) models is proposed. It provides a comprehensive analytic method for establishing an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with self-organizing architecture by finding an optimal number of hidden layers and their neurons, less number of effective features of data set, and better topology for internal connections. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using a number of benchmark data sets including Breast Cancer, Iris, and Yeast. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and the notability of the proposed algorithm comparing with recently existed ANN learning and classification algorithms.


This article aims to discuss the agricultural cooperatives in Roraima from the point of view of theoretical and practical. In this sense, we will not discuss about the origins of cooperative romantic way in which we have reported earlier times that discuss about the birth of the spirit of cooperation as a way intrinsic to men. But we understand that it is necessary to contextualize the emergence of the cooperative movement, as a response to social changes resulting from the economic liberalism of the nineteenth century. We understand that it is necessary to deal with the origin and development of cooperatives in order to have clarity of the subject in order to identify the ways that many agricultural cooperatives embarked. What we found with the study is that many of these cooperatives have distorted the cooperative spirit in all aspects. Many of them assume behaviors of private companies. Cooperative which are used only as tools for its members to benefit from incentives that guarantee certain laws.


BINGHAM, JAMES. Comparison of RNA versus DNA-Based Amplification Methods for the Discrimination of Viable from Non-Viable Salmonella Typhimurium. (Under the direction of Dr. Lee-Ann Jaykus). Although nucleic acid-based foodborne pathogen detection strategies offer promise, a consistent concern has been their poor correlation to bacterial cell viability, largely due to long-term persistence of DNA even after cell death. Evidence has suggested that RNA may be a better target than DNA for detection of viable cells. The purpose of this study was to compare a real-time RNA amplification method (nucleic acid sequence-based amplification or NASBA) to a similar real-time DNA-based PCR method with respect to the ability to detect viable bacterial cells. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was grown in both pure culture and a chicken carcass rinse and subjected to different time and temperature conditions (no heat, 2.5-5 min at 60°C, 10-20 min at 60°C, and 15 min at 121°C) followed by isolation and purification of both DNA and RNA and cultural enumeration by direct plating. Isolated RNA and DNA were amplified by real-time NASBA or molecular Beacon, SYBR Green, and/or TaqMan real-time PCR, respectively. Detection limits for each assay were determined using a modified MPN approach. The SYBR Green and the TaqMan®-based PCR assays had a detection limit of 1010 CFU/ml for each replicate, with a similar log linear quantification range (approximately 2.0-9.0 log10 CFU/ml); in comparison, the real-time NASBA assay had a detection limit of 10 CFU/ml indicating a less sensitive assay. Exposure of S. Typhimurium cells to 60°C for 2.5-5 min resulted in a 4 log10 reduction in viable count when compared to the control (unheated) samples, while an >8 log10 reduction in viable count was observed after exposure to heat for 10-20 min at 60°C or 15 min at 121°C, regardless of the matrix. Based on the MPN equivalents estimate, there was no statistically significant difference between detection of S. Typhimurium when comparing treatments for any one real-time PCR method in either matrix. There was a gradual reduction in real-time NASBA signal as the heat treatments increased in severity for each matrix. The RNA-based amplification assay was more indicative of bacterial cell viability than was a parallel DNA-based amplification assay, suggesting that RNA may be a more reliable target in this regard. While the real-time NASBA assay was a better indicator of cell viability, it appears that mRNA can still be detected up to one hour after cell death. Consequently, the detection of either DNA or RNA using nucleic acid amplification methods cannot be relied upon to completely indicate the presence of live target bacterial cells. . Comparison of RNA versus DNA-based amplification methods for the discrimination of viable from non-viable Salmonella Typhimurium. by James Edmund Bingham A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science


The ever-increasing anthropogenic activities which have led to global warming, climate variation and consequently, climate change is altering rainfall characteristics / pattern across the globe, Nigeria inclusive. For this reason, this paper seeks to give a descriptive analysis of rainfall in Lokoja Local Government Area (LGA), Kogi State; Nigeria with a view to offering useful suggestions for proper agricultural planning in order to ensure food sufficiency. Daily rainfall of 1981 – 2010 (30 years) obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria is used for this study. The rain days were also obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Oshodi, Lagos. Results are presented in tables and subjected to statistical analysis using measures of central tendency such as mean, mean deviation and median; measures of dispersion such as range, variance and standard deviation as well as a measure of relationship (coefficient of variance). The findings indicate that April and October are the onset and cessation months (dates) of rains for the study area. Long – term mean annual rainfall is about 1216.83mm, while the mean rain days and long – term monthly rainfall stood at 81.8mm and days respectively. The decadal mean rainfall and rain days are1263.48 while coefficient of variance is 97.26%. These results indicate that the study area is still very favourable to crop farming despite the observed frequent dry spells. It is therefore suggested that crops which can withstand longer days of absence of rainfall should be planted early such as melon. Hybrid crops should be introduced while the use of irrigation should be given an aggressive attention in order to boost crop production, ensure food security and alleviate poverty.


This paper compares the conditions and related responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong and Taipei, two cities which were among the first to be affected by the pandemic after the virus was first discovered in Mainland China. The cases of both cities offer interesting observations due to their earlier experiences with the SARS epidemic, which led to their prompt reaction, and helped to avoid general lockdowns and to keep most public spaces open. Public space, in the later discussion of worldwide pandemic, has been recognized as a crucial urban facility to mediate people's outdoor activities and secure health and wellbeing issues. The more detailed comparison, however, identifies specific issues particularly in Hong Kong, where, despite the generally low number of infections and fatalities, the severe pre-existing socio-spatial inequalities were further exacerbated and affected vulnerable groups, such as domestic workers, elderly and urban poor. At this early stage, the paper aims to identify which policies have helped most, and which challenges would need to be addressed to improve people's health and wellbeing and prepare better for future crises, particularly in the aspect of public space. The study of these two highly urbanized and densely populated cities is also relevant for the current debate about the relationship between urban density and pandemics, as both cities demonstrate that through decisive actions and civic responsibility, infection numbers could be kept comparably low.


The contribution illustrates the processing of Gino Cerrito's archive, professor of contemporary history and anarchist militant, and the prospects for its enhancement.


The paper provides a systematic insight into judicial control of Croatian Competition Agency (CCA) decisions in Croatia. Its first part will explain how the applicable model of judicial control and CCA powers were changed over the years. The central part of the paper will be dedicated to the current model of judicial control of CCA decisions, to the powers of the High Administrative Court of Republic of Croatia (HACRC) and to the scope of judicial review in competition cases. In the last part of the paper, the author will present the results of a survey on the most successful and unsuccessful appeal arguments in competition cases before the HACRC in the five year period from 2015 until 2020. In its conclusion, the author will give a critical review of the quality and adequacy of the current model of judicial control in competition cases in Croatia, and will suggest changes that would, in the authors view, result in significant improvements.


This case present the dilemma of an employee who, having been terminated in a manner he deems unfair, has to decide whether to cash or return a $2,500 check. Excerpt UVA-E-0251 Rev. May 30, 2019 $ 2,500 Sorting through the day's mail—various catalogs, bills, and Christmas cards—I came across the letter I was expecting from American Express. It contained a $ 2,500 check made out to me. Now I was faced with a dilemma I was dreading: Should I cash the check or not? Severance Up until several weeks ago, I was part of the Asian Equity Sales Group at Global Investment Banking. One morning, the managing director asked us to meet in the bank's main auditorium. We had heard rumors that the bank was going to close its Asian Investment Banking division, and the managing director's request indicated that there might be truth to the rumors. Soon after we filed into the auditorium and took our seats, members of the human resources staff handed out severance packages in manila envelopes. Standing at the podium, the managing director announced that the bank was heading in a different direction and, as a result, was drastically reducing its Asian exposure. Sitting there, I thought back to a year ago, when the same managing director had stood at the same podium and told us how excited the bank was to be expanding its presence in Asia. . . .


The growth and fecundity of Siniperca chuatsi and Siniperca kneri are investigated.The results show that Siniperca chuatsi grows faster than Siniperca kneri.There are curve regression relationships between the body weight(m) and standard length(L) with relational expressions as follow: m=0 081 L 2.71 and m= 0 076 55 L 2.59. Siniperca chuatsi's fecundity is bigger than that of Siniperca kneri. Siniperca chuatsi and Sniperca kneri attain maturity at two-winter-age and three-winter-age respectively.In addition,the growth equation,the growth speed and growth acceleration equation of body length and body weight are also studied.


As a very serious reason of accidental deaths in childhood, we have aimed to investigate deaths due to foreign body aspiration (FBA), since its incidence has not decreased despite advances in the techniques and instruments for its emergency treatment. We retrospectively reviewed the records of forensic cases due to FBA examined at the Diyarbakir Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine between 1990 and 2003. Over this period this office investigated 8330 medicolegal deaths cases, 22 of which were children under 15 years of age due to FBA. Of the victims, 14 (63.6%) were male and 8 (36.4%) were females. The mean age of the victims was 2.2+0.6 years. There were 20 (90.9 %) children between 1 and 3 years, and two other cases at 2/12 and 5 years of ages. All fatal aspirations occurred at home. Food was the most commonly aspirated foreign body in 81.8% of the cases, nuts being the most common in 50%. Carina (54.5%) was the most common site of the foreign body in the respiratory tract. In conclusion, food asphyxiation remains a common problem particularly in children between 1 and 3 years of age in our region. These fatal accidents could be prevented by parent education and early recognition and management of the situation.Key words: Foreign body, aspiration, child, death


longer being cultivated. Farris's work should encourage those of us involved in the study of shoen to reexamine our data and reassess some of our conclusions. It is clear that this is an area that demands further exploration. One further caveat in using this book: it is not one for the casual or unwary reader. Perhaps because he is working with such diverse elements and attempting to weave an intricate fabric, occasionally the author allows a thread to go astray. One is now and then confronted with an apparent leap in logic that demands close reading to extract the meaning. For example, on pages 137—38 the author says that "peasants living in most of Japan had little need to band together [in settlements} to ward off external threats." On the next page, in discussing local village administration, he states that "local government was organized to facilitate the conscription of troops for defense of the kingdom." A close reading of the two sections resolves the apparent contradiction, since one is presented from the peasants' perspective and the other summarizes the government's perceptions of its own needs. These statements again suggest places where scholars of early Japan may want to reexamine assumptions about settlement patterns and the congruence of government edicts with reality in the countryside. Farris has challenged us to take a new look at our sources and to open ourselves to using all the data and evidence available as we try to increase our understanding of life in early Japan.


The period since 1974 has witnessed major changes in intergovernmental relations as Congress has decreased federal financial aid to state and local governments and has exercised partial and total preemption powers in new areas and in innovative ways. President Ronald Reagan persuaded Congress to combine 57 categorical grant-in-aid programs into nine new or restructured block grants, thereby giving state governments a degree of regulatory relief. In addition, several of his administrative initiatives reduced federal regulation of state and local governments. Nevertheless, the president signed several major preemption, crossover-sanction, and tax-sanction bills into law. Current trends suggest that Congress will rely less on grants-in-aid and more on preemption, supplemented by crossover and tax sanctions, to achieve its policy goals. As a result, the federal system will become more complex. Federalism theory must be modified to explain fluctuating national-state relations on a continuing basis and the mutual dependence of each plane upon the other two planes for the performance of functions by incorporating, as central elements, informal and formal federal preemption.


Short-term potassium uptake by excised roots was investigated in Carex species from swamps, ranging from oligotrophic to eutrophic. The range of species from oligotrophic to eutrophic habitat is: C. rostrata Stokes, C. limosa L., C. lasiocarpa Ehrh., C. diandra Schrank, C. hudsonii A. Benn., and C. acutiformis Ehrh. After a short period of potassium starvation the species of the oligotrophic habitat showed a fast potassium uptake rate while the species of the eutrophic habitat showed lower uptake rates. Uptake by all species except C. rostrata and C. diandra was reduced at pH 4.0. Potassium uptake at low potassium concentrations was greatly increased by a period of starvation for potassium especially in the eutrophic species. The results on potassium stress are compared with the ecology of the species and with the reaction of the same Carex species to phosphate stress.


The abbreviation "GIS" has been tricky since Michael F. Goodchild proposed in the early 1990s that the meaning of the "S" should change from "systems" to "science" [5, 6]. Until then, no one had suggested that "GIS" would stand for anything else than "geographic information systems" (although "studies" and "services" were also later suggested [6]). "Geographic information systems" was a term coined in the 1960s, and by the late 1980s had evolved into widely adopted software tools [6]. The reason for Goodchild to challenge the meaning of the abbreviation "GIS" was that, at the time, certain researchers began increasingly to view GIS as more than just a tool or system. A shift of focus from systems to science was a way to address the lack of theory and to raise the status of the researchers involved in the field. Initially, Goodchild argued for the use of the term "spatial information science" (in a keynote address at the 4th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling), but later used "geographic information science" (in a keynote address at the Second European GIS Conference in 1991). When Goodchild shortly thereafter was asked to combine the two keynotes together into a paper for the International Journal of Geographical Information Systems (IJGIS) he wrote that he settled for "geographic" rather than "spatial" as he was intrigued by the ambiguity it implied about the decoding of "GIS" and as it seemed to him that "there might be general truths to be discovered about geographic space that were not equally true of other spaces" [6]. Goodchild started the ball rolling with his 1992 paper. Five years later, in 1996, the International Geographical Union changed the name and structure of their commission on Geographical Information Systems to two working groups: Geographical Information Science and Geographical Modelling [4]. In 1997, IJGIS changed "Systems" to "Science," and Cartography and Geographic Information Systems followed suit in 1999. The First International Conference on Geographic Information Science was held in 2000, and in 2014, it was held for the eighth time. Nowadays, the domain addressed by geographic information science is well-defined and persistent [6], although the debate regarding whether it is a science or not still resurfaces every now and then [10]. While the scope of geographic information science as a discipline thus is no longer ambiguous, the denotation of the abbreviation "GIS" still is, and this poses a problem. ∗The author would like to acknowledge Vilja Pitkänen at the Aalto University Language Center for her feedback on issues regarding the use of the English language and the author's co-workers for their feedback on the text in general, especially Paula Ahonen-Rainio, Kirsi Virrantaus, and Andrei Octavian.


Thirty-two hybrid derivatives isolated from 9 different crosses were grown in preliminary yield trial along with 3 standard varieties. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of correlations between seven component characters were worked out and the estimates were evaluated for their utility in selecting the hybrid cultures. All the characters except number of mature and immature pods/plant and number of primary branches/plant showed negative and nonsignificant correlation with yield indicating the hinderance of direct selection on any character alone. An index score was calculated on the basis of discriminant function. Multiple criteria selection based on three yield components like shelling %, number of mature and immature pods/plant was found most effective, being 6∙68 times more efficient than the direct selection based on yield alone. The theoretical efficiency as judged from the expected genetic advance was found to be deviate little from the actual result in practice.


We prove that the class of positive operators from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] has the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property for any positive measure [Formula: see text], whenever [Formula: see text] is a uniformly monotone Banach lattice with a weak unit. The same result also holds for the pair [Formula: see text] for any uniformly monotone Banach lattice [Formula: see text] Further we show that these results are optimal in case that [Formula: see text] is strictly monotone.


In order to reveal the physical mechanism of rotary-percussive drilling process,coupling the weight on bit(WOB),percussion and rotation,we establish two three-dimensional(3D)impact dynamics models of insert and rock,and 12 1/4″ bit and rock respectively.We use the fracture judgment to describe when and how rock fails,and a triangular wave as the percussion stress wave.The calculations of the two models show that:aggressive tensile failure is primarily responsible for the rock breakage,while shear failure(or compressive failure)only contributes as a minor player;rock breaking mainly happens in the tensile failure stage and the WOB and bit rotation stage;the rock under insert rotary-percussion can be divided into four hemispherical zones;the physical mechanism of the bit rotary-percussion drilling process is characterized as five fundamental processes;rock breaking volume and teeth crest stress are proportional to the teeth angle on the inclined plane,but the intrusion-depth of the tooth is inversely proportional to the teeth angle;the teeth crest and hole stresses of the teeth on the inclined plane are higher than the teeth on the flat plane;when the rock is harder,the rock breaking volume is larger and its intrusion-depth is lower.The results are further calibrated with a series of laboratory experiment results.


The addition of polarization diversity for a non-imaging laser speckle system provides improvement for the phase retrieval problem. The polarization diversity of the remote scene provides additional information for successfully recovering a two-dimensional image from noisy autocorrelations obtained from laser speckle patterns or pupil plane images. The proposed system may be used to characterize space-borne objects and debris with an earthbased sensor array. We propose an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm with a simple, statistical-based stopping criteria. Results from both simulation and laboratory experiment are presented.


This article describes what happened when adult learners in a literacy education class participated in online book discussions. Forty students, enrolled in a graduate literacy class, talked about the book Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred Taylor in an asynchronous online discussion. Findings included a higher level of satisfaction with online discussions than with face-to-face discussions during class. Students' comments about the experience clearly suggest that the electronic discussions provided things that could not be made available in class, such as varying amounts of time individual students had for reflecting and responding and affording students opportunities to participate in ongoing discussion. Students reported that the online discussions provided them with "think time" and that this time for reflecting and responding improved the quality of their discussions. They also reported that the asynchronous format allowed them to complete their thoughts without interruption. In addition, students noted that quieter classmates participated more fully online than during class. However, students also reported that prior face-to-face discussions were crucial for the success of the electronic experience in terms of building rapport, comfort level, and their willingness to take intellectual risks.


The OPTIMUS Decision Support System (DSS) developed within the FP7- Smatcities project OPTIMUS is a web-based tool addressed to city authorities to assist them in the decision making process, aimed at minimizing both energy use and CO2 emissions in public buildings. The OPTIMUS DSS receives input data belonging to different fields (weather, in-building sensors, social media, energy costs and energy production). The elaboration of these heterogeneous data through data mining techniques and inference rule processing provides to the stakeholders a set of actions regard the management of the HVAC systems, to be implemented within a week. The actions include the optimal start/stop of the heating system, the schedule of the indoor set point temperature according to the adaptive comfort concept and to real time feedback of the building occupants, the management of the air-side economizer, the load shifting related to the self consumption/selling of the energy produced through a PV system. The paper describes the architecture of the OPTIMUS DSS with particular regard to the modelling process of the actions. An example of action plan process is also presented and the first results are discussed


Abstract : Models of the dentin tubule system were made with epoxy resin and a low viscosity resin, both used routinely in transmission electron microscopy. Tubular bifurcations and intertubular connections were described using scanning electron microscopy. The significance of the tubular interconnections were discussed. (Author)


The necessity of considering water resources as base of economic infrastructures' development in developing societies such as Iran is largely emerged during recent years. The necessity of development and good management in facilities allocation and utilizing native potentials and knowledge of natural geography regions are among primary managing affairs of the country.Today, planning is accepted as the most effective tools for encountering with complex problems and representing key solutions in crisis management and facilities allocation. Comprehensive and complete knowledge about geographical field of the considered location and integrated, simultaneous analysis of all effective factors on the location are necessary for planning. Such knowledge and analysis requires applying system which can be able to store all location characteristics in a data bank and to represent these information as map and tabulated information according to the demands of planner.Geographical Information System (GIS) is recognized as one of the most effective planning tools in collecting, analysis and visual representation of required information for planning during recent decades. The current paper is aimed to investigate the role and position of this information system on various affairs of water resources' studies and its effects on the development of the country.


Real-time data on national accounts statistics typically undergo an extensive revision process, leading to multiple vintages on the same generic variable. The time between the publication of the initial and final data is a lengthy one and raises the question of how to model and forecast the final vintage of data – an issue that dates from seminal articles by Mankiw et al. [51], Mankiw and Shapiro [52] and Nordhaus [57]. To solve this problem, we develop the non-parametric method of multivariate singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) for multi-vintage data. MSSA is much more flexible than the standard methods of modelling that involve at least one of the restrictive assumptions of linearity, normality and stationarity. The benefits are illustrated with data on the UK index of industrial production: neither the preliminary vintages nor the competing models are as accurate as the forecasts using MSSA.


Comprehensive assessment and treatment for school-age children who stutter is critical in effectively managing the affective, behavioral, and cognitive components of the disorder. Using a framework...


Commercial distributed systems such as Clouds are managed by selfish providers that strategically try to increase their revenues regardless of the utility of other providers and users. These selfish behaviors affect the efficiency of using such environments. In this paper, based on a general game theoretic truthful reverse auction mechanism, we investigate the scheduling problem of dependent tasks on distributed Cloud resources owned by selfish providers. The social cost of the game is to minimize the make span and monetary cost simultaneously. Extensive simulation experiments show that the schedules obtained are approximately Pareto optimal.


Let G be a reductive algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Let X be an affine variety with an algebraic G-action. We are interested in the Ga-actions on X commuting with the G-action. We observe G-equivariant (locally nilpotent) derivations in various settings from the viewpoint of the invariant theory.


RESONANT FIELD: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF USER INTERFACE DESIGN IN DIGITAL MEDIA Tunalı, Erhan M.F.A, Department of Communication and Design Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Andreas Treske


A high-performance stacked double-layer N-channel poly-Si nanosheet (NS) multigate thin-film transistor (DLNS-TFT) is demonstrated successfully. The proposed device has low cost, is easy to fabricate, and is compatible with Si MOSFET, active-matrix organic light-emitting diode, and active-matrix liquid-crystal display fabrication. This DLNS-TFT reveals high driving current (> 105 A/um), high Ion/Ioff ratio (> 108), high mobility (42 cm2/Vs), and low parasitic resistance, when compared with single-layer nanosheet TFT. The DLNS-TFT also has a high density and satisfies the driving current monolithic multilayer 3-D IC in the ITRS 2015 version technology roadmap to the year 2030.


Gum base gives chewing gum its "chew." It is made of a combination of food-grade polymers, waxes, and softeners that give it the texture desired by consumers and enable it to effectively deliver sweetness, flavour and various other benefits, including dental benefits. Gum Base is a non-nutritive masticatory substance (US FDA, "Code of Federal Regulation"). It is an inert and insoluble non-nutritive product used as a support for the edible and soluble portion of the chewing gum (sugar, glucose, polyols and flavours). The general description "Gum Base", used on chewing gum products throughout the world, is recognized by The Food Chemicals Codex and most national legislation. Gum Base is produced through a blend of raw materials which can be categorized in five classes: 1. Elastomers act as the key ingredient and provide elasticity. 2. Resins act as binders and softeners. 3. Plasticizers render the elastomer soft to ensure thorough blending of the gum base. 4. Fillers contribute to the overall texture. 5. Antioxidants prevent oxidation of the gum base and flavors during shelf life. Chewing Gum Applications: The ingredients of a chewing gum or a bubble gum can be divided into soluble and insoluble parts. The insoluble components are the gum base and a portion of the flavoring material; all other ingredients like some of the flavors, sugar, glucose syrup, or polyols and intensive sweeteners in sugarfree products - are water soluble. Gum Base delivers a variety of gum bases that match the solution to customer requirements with regard to quality and price. A wide selection of gum bases is available. They can be combined with acid or non acid flavoring, sugar or sugar substitutes as well as vitamins or active ingredient in functional and pharmaceutical


Lean Management is a philosophy which objective is to seek and eliminate the non value adding processes and waste inside a company, to improve the client service through simple and lean procedures. Resource optimization, profit increase and permanency in the market, in an evolving environment, are the purposes of Automotores Continental Quito through the Lean philosophy applied to the Parts and Accessories department. The present project designs and structures a Lean Supply Chain in the company, analyzing the actual politics, processes and procedures, which shall allow the removal of waste, maintaining a high service level.


Below the Middle to lower Upper Jurassic ophiolitic melange and their overlying ophiolite nappes of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt in the Zlatibor Mountain area occur olistoliths and slideblocks. These consist of Triassic carbonates and radiolarites of variable age and palaeogeographic provenance. The matrixes of these blocks are late Middle Jurassic radiolarites and clays. The different carbonate rocks were commonly interpreted to derive from the near-by Drina-Ivanjica Unit. In contrast, the radiolarites should represent the original sedimentary cover of the ophiolitic rocks of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt, i.e. the obducted oceanic crust of the Neotethys Ocean, originally located far to the east. The carbonate blocks in the Zlatibor (Sirogojno) melange reach several tens to hundreds of metres in size, occasionally even kilometres. Several olistoliths and blocks contain well-preserved parts of the Middle Triassic sedimentary succession. Their stratigraphy and facies evolution allowed the reconstruction of a sedimentary succession originating from the same palaeogeographic provenance of a relatively proximal passive continental margin setting, located originally east of the Drina-Ivanjica Unit. Different red nodular limestones of the Bulog Formation were deposited on top of a drowned Middle Anisian (Pelsonian) shallow-water carbonate ramp; beside condensed sections of red nodular limestones equal-aged thick successions with megabreccias occur, indicating the creation of steep fault escarpments and rapid subsidence. In contrast to this continuous sedimentary succession, Triassic sections of the relatively autochthonous Drina-Ivanjica Unit indicate Late Pelsonian uplift of the Middle Anisian carbonate ramp. After a hiatus (Late Pelsonian to Early Illyrian), deposition of grey cherty limestones with shallow-water debris (newly described as Rid Formation) started in the Middle to Late Illyrian. The focus of this paper is on the age, the depositional environment and the facies characteristics of the Late Anisian hemipelagic successions. Based on this study it is concluded that in the Inner Dinarides domain the Middle Anisian Neotethyan break-up resulted in the generation of a horst-and-graben topography. Blocks were uplifted in a rift shoulder manner and asymmetric basins were formed. Mass flows and slide blocks were mobilized along normal faults of the evolving western passive continental margin of the Neotethys Ocean.


Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rolling element bearings has become an indispensable technology in modern industries for safety guarantee and maintenance optimization of machines, and deep learning-based prognostics methods are the research hotspot in recent years. Existing deep prognostics networks, however, usually focus on RUL prediction of bearings under constant operating conditions, and the variation of rotational speed of bearings is not explicitly considered during network construction and representation learning. To address this limitation, a new convolutional prognostics network with adaptive kernels, named adaptive multi-scale convolutional network (AMSCN), is proposed in this paper. The proposed AMSCN uses vibration and speed signals as the network inputs, and builds two novel layers, i.e., an adaptive convolutional layer and an information merging layer, to enhance the representation learning ability, including automatic scale-varying degradation feature extraction and representation recalibrations based on time-series information. The proposed AMSCN is evaluated using life-cycle monitoring data from accelerated degradation tests of bearings under variable speed conditions, and is also compared with some existing prognostics methods. Experimental results validate the advantages of the proposed AMSCN in terms of accuracy and convergence for RUL prediction of bearings considering variable speed.


Return to Hazards Center Home Page Return to Quick Response Paper Index This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMS-9632458. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.


Introduction Concrete pavement has superior durability and longer structural life than asphalt pavement. Use of the concrete pavement has been grown over the past decade in developing countries. In Indian road network 98% of roads are flexible pavement and only 2% of roads are rigid pavement (1). Plain concrete is an inherently brittle material with low tensile strength and strain capacity. The use of steel fibers considerably improves its structural characteristics such as static flexural strength, impact strength, tensile strength, ductility and flexural toughness, the cracking performance of concrete pavements and reduces the required slab thickness (2). These factors lead to the development of Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material comprised of Portland cement, aggregate, and fibres. Normal unreinforced concrete is brittle with a low tensile strength and strain capacity. Fibers are generally utilized in concrete to manage the plastic shrink cracking and drying shrink cracking. They also lessen the permeability of concrete and therefore reduce the flow of water. Some types of fibers create greater impact; Steel fiber reinforced concrete is concrete made of cements containing fine or fine and coarse aggregate and discontinuous discrete steel fibers. In tension, SFRC fails only after the steel fiber breaks or is pulled out of the cement matrix (3).


The occurrence of compact features in a complete sample of 3 CR sources, as revealed by interplanetary scintillation at 8r5 MHz, is described. It is found that ' hot spots ' having a typical size of 5 kpc commonly exist in sources of high luminosity. Hot spots account for at least half the total radiation in many high luminosity sources when the overall extent of the source is around 100 kpc. Sources having an extent exceeding about 200 kpc do not usually contain prominent hot spots and are of lower luminosity. The significance of these facts is discussed in relation to the beam model of extragalactic radio sources. distributions of weak, intermediate and strong scintillators.


Kissing Molars is a term used to describe impacted teeth that contact occlusal surfaces in a single follicular space. The occurrence of this phenomenon is extremely rare and of unknown etiology. Therefore, the present study aimed to present a case report of Kissing Molars associated with dentigerous cyst where a surgical procedure was needed under general anesthesia due to the atrophied jaw. On the left side, of the mandible, and fracture after the removal of the impacted teeth happened and a 2.4 mm reconstruction plate was installed. After the extraction of impacted molars, the lesion with a cystic aspect was removed and sent to histopathological analysis which confirmed the diagnostic hypothesis of dentigerous cyst. Thus, it was concluded that despite the rare impaction and unknown etiology, with a little report in the literature, clinically the case behaves like any impacted tooth, and inflammation may occur if it partially erupts. Radiographically, it presents with the occlusal surfaces in contact and a single follicle, usually associated with the dentigerous cyst.


We exploit results from the classical Stieltjes moment problem to bring out the totality of all the information regarding phase insensitive nonclassicality of a state as captured by the photon number distribution p_n. Central to our approach is the realization that n !p_n constitutes the sequence of moments of a (quasi) probability distribution, notwithstanding the fact that p_n can by itself be regarded as a probability distribution. This leads to classicality restrictions on p_n that are local in n involving p_n's for only a small number of consecutive n's, enabling a critical examination of the conjecture that oscillation in p_n is a signature of nonclassicality.


Objective To study the protective effect of Danshen Droupping Pills in vascular endothelia cell,discuss its mechanism.Methods 200 cases of patients with coronary atherosclerosis were selected,get fasting blood to test ET,PGI2,TXA2,and then give the Danshen Droupping Pills 10 pills/time,3 times /day for 3 months,after 3 months adopted fasting blood to test ET,PGI2,TXA2 again,to carry out self-controlled study.Results ET,TXA2,was significantly higher,and PGI2 was lower in before experiment,after given Danshen Droupping Pills ET,TXA2 was significantly lower(P0.01)and PGI2 significantly higher(P0.01)than before.Conclusion Danshen Droupping Pills could adjust and improve the abnormal conditions of vascular endothelia cells setretion function,vascular endothelial cells may be one of the targets of Danshen Droupping Pills's action.


allgeminer RelativitaÈ tstheorie'' (Formal principles of the general theory of relativity) 1 appeared in the records of proceedings of Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1914 and should be considered as his first fundamental work on the principle of relativity. Later in 1916, this paper, somewhat amended and completed, was published in Annalen der Physik. The reprints of this work were offered for sale. Owing to this fact, the work of Einstein became especially popular . HLorentz, who in 1915 ± 1916 delivered lectures on relativity in Leiden, named them On Einstein Theory of Gravitation ; mathematician D Hilbert called his papers, appearing in 1915 ± 1916, ``Die Grundlagen der Physik'' (Basics of physics) ; at last, mathematician H Weyl issued a book in 1918, dedicated to these theories, under the title Raum, Zeit, Materie (Space, Time, Matter) . Already these titles show clear enough that the theory created by Einstein embraces the whole physics, and theories of such a kind could not but arise deep, exciting interest; this is confirmed by the fact that from the very moment of its appearance Einstein's theory became the subject of consideration for such outstanding physicists and mathematicians as Lorentz, Hilbert, andWeyl. For a more or less complete exposition, this theory requires rather subtle mathematical tools, hardly understandable for almost all the physicists. As to the popular expositions, however brilliantly written, they are good for nothing except vague, loose and dissolving views for those who would like to receive something more than a general notion on Einstein's theory. The proposed paper is too concise to lay claim to any exhaustive explanation of Einstein's theory. Its aim is to elucidate the main concepts and their application to the solution of two or three comparatively simple questions such as, for example, questions on the motion of Mercury's perihelion or the deviation of a light ray in the gravitational field of the Sun, about which recently there was much ado. It goes without saying that the main Einsteinian concepts should not be considered as theorems which could be derived in a purely deductive way from other statements which are beyond any doubt. The elucidation of the fundamentals of the theory comes to the explanation, or better to say, to the enumeration of the reasons why the fundamentals should be considered as such. The proof of the validity of Einstein's theory should be looked for not a priori, but a posteriori. Not experimental validation of the conclusions and the foreseeing of new, unknown phenomena are the most important thing in Einstein's theory. The fundamentals of Einstein's theory are of great importance in principle, and here one should seek the main value of the theory but not in several experiments strengthening Einstein's theory, however brilliant these experiments may be. Geometry and physics. Prior to Einstein, the geometry and physics were considered as two essentially quite different sciences. In physics they considered geometry as something external in respect to physics; really the content of physics was only given by experiment. The Euclidean geometry of 3dimensional space was only a frame, true enough necessary Ð because any physical phenomenon took place in this space Ð but in any case having nothing in common with the phenomenon. True, in the case of the now so-called `special' principle of relativity (1905) HMinkowski used a geometry of 4-dimensional space without any signs of Euclidean geometry and connected with physics via one constant it included, which is equal to the speed of light. In Minkowski geometry the element of length was defined as ds ˆ dx ‡ dy2‡ dz ÿ c dt , where x, y, z are properly space coordinates, t is time, and c is the speed of light. This geometry is nonEuclidean, because in Euclidean geometry one would have ds ˆ dx ‡ dy ‡ dz ‡ dct ; moreover, it was connected with physics, because it included the constant cÐthe speed of light; nevertheless Minkowski geometry was considered as purely formal just in the same way as in physics one is viewing  ÿ1 p , but more an intimate connection between physics and geometry did not exist yet. Geometry was for physics a kind of a frame, something external, outside in respect to the content of physics. On the contrary, for some geometers physics seemed sometimes to be a science whose experimental data were necessary for consolidation of the very foundations of geometry. It is selfevident that to come to know the particulars of the foundations of geometry is beyond the scope of the present paper. In his bookLa Science et l'Hypothese (The Science and Hypothesis) 6 Poincare gives an excellent universally understandable analysis of what refers to the foundations of geometry, how one has to consider the axioms of Euclidean geometry as well as the geometries of Lobachevsky, Riemann and all other numberless non-Euclidean geometries. We shall restrict ourselves here only to the discussion of the association between an experiment and axioms or geometrical theorems V K Frederiks Article first published in Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 2 (2) 162 (1921).


In the training of medical personnel, determining the need for specialists with medical education is necessary. Furthermore, the future of the health care industry depends on those professionals who will soon fill the "labor market." In this regard, the issues encountered in the optimization of personnel policy are relevant, e.g., solving the problem of discrepancy between the number and structure of personnel to the volume of activity, which is considered as an imbalance in the structure of "doctors: nursing staff." Improving the professional orientation toward the personnel needs of practical health care is necessary. In the process of creating models for professional orientation, fixing the staffing situation regarding primary health care in the area of general medicine should be considered, focusing especially on the establishment of social order in terms of training specialists at public expense. Furthermore, one of the models (market) involves the choice of specialty and labor route specialist. The partnership of medical educational institutions with pre-university training institutions is relevant, when cooperation is based on a contractual basis approved by the health and education authorities of the region.


This work describes the design, fabrication, modeling, and testing of monolithic micromachined parylene-based electroactive membranes (µPEMs) with embedded microfluidic channels. The design and modeling employed analytical plate theory to determine the optimal membrane dimensions and structural shapes for various microsystem designs. The µPEMs were fabricated using a combination of surface and bulk micromachining techniques incorporating Parylene C as a biocompatible polymeric structural material combined with patterned electrodes for actuation. Experimental actuation of the electroactive membranes demonstrated reliability with minimal voltage shifts, and theoretical pull-in voltages closely matching experimental results. Different structural parameters of the µPEMs were also tested, such as varying the overall membrane thickness/structural rigidity and actuation chamber depth. Dynamic actuation of the membrane, including, the deflection and system response to various actuation frequencies, was observed and quantified via optical coherence tomography techniques. Microfluidic architectures were monolithically integrated with the membrane actuator and successfully perfused, with no signs of leakage. This compact microsystem has potential applications in microfluidics and Lab/System-On-a-Chip devices, for use in micromixers, particle manipulators, and applying strain to adherent cells cultured on top of the membrane.


The software products presented are universally usable programs for radiation protection. The systems were designed in order to establish a comprehensive database specific to radiation protection and, on this basis, modelin programs subjects of radiation protection. Development initially focused on the creation of the database. Each software product was to access the same nuclide-specific data; input errors and differences in spelling were to be excluded from the outset. This makes the products more compatible with each other and able to exchange data among each other. The software products are modular in design. Functions recurring in radiation protection are always treated the same way in different programs, and also represented the same way on the program surface. The recognition effect makes it easy for users to familiarize with the products quickly. All software products are written in German and are tailored to the administrative needs and codes and regulations in Germany and in Switzerland. Presentation de plusieurs logiciels de radioprotection, concus en Allemagne pour les besoins de l'Administration, des codes et des reglementations suisses et allemandes, mais utilisables de maniere universelle.


Many physiological signals may be described either as isolated pulses or as quasi-periodic sequences of isolated pulses. Wavelets are a powerful tool for the representation and analysis of such physiologic waveforms because a wavelet has finite duration (compact support) as contrasted with Fourier methods based on sinusoids of infinite duration. We show two examples of physiological signal processing using wavelet bases. The first example is compression of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using an Associated Hermite wavelet basis and the second example shows removal of artifact from non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurements.


ABSTRACT A mother's education is widely posited to affect positively her own and her children's health and nutrition in developing economies. This study analyzed the mother's year of schooling and its effect on child's growth controlling most common factors, that affect mothers education along with others variables. By using data from HIES 2010, collected by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, this study have tried to find out the relation between maternal education and growth of child. OLS regression implies that while father's education is positively correlated with child immunizati ons, mother's education is more critically associated with longer term health outcomes. IV estimates suggested that mother's education is highly associated with her own parental family education and within the home, mother's education have significant posi tive impact on child's height for age Z score. Keywords: Instrumental variable, maternal education, child health, Bangladesh INTRODUCTION It is generally agreed that investments in human resources play an important role in economic growth. There is a vast literature showing that education is a key determinant of improved performance in the labor market, in one's business, on the farm and even in the home in the sense of its influence on the outcomes of one's children. Like schooling, health is a form of human capital and it is also correlated with improved functionality and productivity (Thomas, D. 1990). But health is a good which there is no market for, and is therefore, produced within the household. Given household endowments and child rearing technology, the way parents allocate family resources has a direct impact on the child health. These decisions, in turn, affect not only the productivity of the children at school and at their jobs when grown up, but also influence their life expectancy. Conditions within the household are therefore expected to be important determinants of child health. The mother plays the central role in household domestic activities especially those which pertain to child rearing. As a result, the mother has been commonly described as the most important health worker. How well a mother performs this task may depend on her schooling which equips her with general and specific knowledge, and the means and confidence to seek new ideas. These enhance her ability to control her immediate environment. One might therefore expect maternal education to contribute positively to child health. The literature on child health and nutrition in different aspect has been analyzed by several authors. Health survey in Bangladesh 2010 shows that only 65 percent of total child within age 0 to 5 years has completed the immunization in time, even though this service is provided free by the government in Bangladesh. Hence, importance of parental education in the production of child health is very important (Behrman & Deolalikar, 1988; Strauss & Thomas, 1995). Indeed, it has even been argued that education has contributed more to


Background: Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women. Synthetic drugs like minoxidil and finastride are available treatment for androgenetic alopecia, however, use of these drugs on long term basis may cause many side effects. Hence there was a need to have an effective and safe alternative option. Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. has developed Amarantha hair oil (herbal hair oil) to be used for dandruff, hair fall and premature greying of hair. The aim was to standardize Amarantha hair oil with special reference to identification of β-sitosterol as major component having 5α-reductase inhibitory activity/hair growth promoting activity.

Methods: Amarantha hair oil was prepared by using various herbal ingredients which contains β-sitosterol as active marker compound. Amarantha hair oil was evaluated for appearance, weight per ml, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, TLC Identification of β-sitosterol, assay of β-sitosterol content using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and microbiological tests. Also accelerated stability study was performed.

Results: All the parameters tested were within normal limits. Amarantha hair oil was stable in accelerated stability study. We found that almost all the ingredients of formulation contain β-sitosterol when analysed using HPTLC. Amarantha hair oil contains 0.52% of β-sitosterol.

Conclusions: All the ingredients and Amarantha hair oil contain β-sitosterol that helps in promotion of hair growth.


In this study, the area of chloride damage in the cut and cover tunnel was investigated and numerical simulation was carried out with chloride diffusion analysis coupled with ground water. It had been understood that chloride damage was main problem in maintenance of subway tunnels have been indicated by last results of the investigation and the area of chloride damage occurs at the limit part nearby chloride water leakage. First, the chloride density of leakage was measured. As the results, it is found that the wide of chloride leakage was about 50m from the edge of tidal rivers. Second, numerical simulation is carried out to study time dependence of chloride movement. The result of simulation was good agreement with the insute measurement. 地下鉄トンネルの経年劣化の主な原因の一つである塩害について,東京地下鉄では躯体調査と対策工の検討を進めてきた.最近のこの調査結果から,塩害は塩化物を含む漏水箇所の近傍で局所的に生じる場合が多いことがわかっている.そこで,本研究では,塩化物の供給源となりうる河川等と塩分濃度の高い漏水箇所の位置関係を調査することにより,塩害が生じる可能性がある範囲を調べた.この結果,感潮河川の直下および河川端からおおよそ50mの範囲が要注意範囲であることがわかった.また,この結果が地下水中における塩化物の移流拡散の観点から妥当であるかどうか,地下密度流解析で検証した.


Tags are user-generated labels for entities. Existing research on tag recommendation either focuses on improving its accuracy or on automating the process, while ignoring the efficiency issue. We propose a highly-automated novel framework for real-time tag recommendation. The tagged training documents are treated as triplets of (words, docs, tags), and represented in two bipartite graphs, which are partitioned into clusters by Spectral Recursive Embedding (SRE). Tags in each topical cluster are ranked by our novel ranking algorithm. A two-way Poisson Mixture Model (PMM) is proposed to model the document distribution into mixture components within each cluster and aggregate words into word clusters simultaneously. A new document is classified by the mixture model based on its posterior probabilities so that tags are recommended according to their ranks. Experiments on large-scale tagging datasets of scientific documents (CiteULike) and web pages del.icio.us) indicate that our framework is capable of making tag recommendation efficiently and effectively. The average tagging time for testing a document is around 1 second, with over 88% test documents correctly labeled with the top nine tags we suggested.


Using phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and stilbene synthase (STS) as indicators of grape resistance to pathogen in- fection, the effects of different components (bacterial cells, fermentation products and metabolites) of strain E26(Agrobacterium vitis), biocontrol agent of crown gall, on PAL activities and genes' transcriptions of pal and sts in suspension cells of two grape varieties Vi- tis romanetii cv. Qiuhe and V. vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) were studied. The PAL activities of Qiuhei and Cabernet Sauvignon were higher than the controls at 12 h to 48 h after treated by E26 bacterial cells, 4 h to 48 h after treated by E26 fermentation products and 12 h to 48 h after treated by E26 metabolites. Dot blotting analysis showed that the quantities of pal and sts transcriptional products (mRNA) both in Qiuhei and Cabernet Sauvignon were higher than that of the control at 12 h to 48 h after treated by E26 bac- terial cells; At 4 h to 48 h after treated by E26 fermentation products, the quantifies of pal transcriptional products in Qiuhei were high- er than that of the control, while that in Cabernet Sauvignon were 4 h to 12 h. The quantities of sts transcriptional products in the two varieties were higher than that of control at 4 h to 48 h after treated by E26 fermentation products; At 4 h to 48 h after treated by E26 metabolites, the quantities of pal transcriptional products in Qiuhei were higher than that of the control, while that in Cabernet Sauvi- gnon were 4 h to 24 h. The quantities of sts transcriptional products in the two varieties were higher than that of the control at 6 h to 48 h after treated by E26 metabolites.