In psychiatry to-day it is becoming a common practice when a husband or wife is receiving therapy, for the other marital partner to seek help also. Theoretically this 'concurrent' psychotherapy should be expected to result in greater improvement to the individuals and to the marriage than would therapy of one partner only; in practice this is often not the case. It is the authors' opinion that the whole concept of psychotherapy with marital partners requires careful and thorough re-evaluation. Note is made of, 1) the changing concepts of marriage in our society, 2) the emergence of the field of family psychiatry, 3) the broadening base of psychiatric referral, 4) the frequent occurrence of needless unsatisfactory results in concurrent individual psychotherapy of marital partners, 5) the discrepancy between the 'ideal' and the 'real' situation in this kind of therapy. The factors involved in the unsatisfactory results of this kind of therapy may be conveniently divided into: a) problems in reference to the therapists and, b) problems in reference to the patients. Problems in reference to the therapists may be classified as follows: hierarchical problems, differences in viewpoint, transference-counter-transference phenomena, differences in skill, differences in assessment of improvement, the 'advocate phenomenon', and, (pervading all of the above), the problem of communication. Each of these problems is discussed, with particular emphasis on the difficulties in communication that exist between the two treating psychiatrists and the differences in basic assumptions the psychiatrists may hold about the marital role and the duties of each partner. Problems on the patients' side of the situation are dealt with under the headings of: 1) transference-counter-transference relationships, 2) accentuation of gratification or frustrations, 3) the use of psychotherapy as a substitute for other gratifications, 4) the problem of the unwilling marital partner. It is felt by the authors that, 1) a much more realistic appraisal of the whole concept of concurrent psychotherapy of marital partners is called for, 2) this type of therapeutic operation should be included in the general conceptual framework of Family Psychiatry, 3) consideration should be given to the marriage itself as being the therapeutic unit. The authors point out that the family doctor must be aware of some of the unconscious motivations which underlie the presenting picture in marital problems and thus be aware of his own attitudes and biases towards marriage and how these may affect his assessment of the particular marriage about which he is being consulted. It is recommended that specialized training in this type of therapeutic operation be provided in postgraduate psychiatric training programs. In spite of the many difficulties, the authors feel that the concurrent psychotherapy of marital partners by different psychiatrists can work reasonably well provided the therapists, a) spend enough time together to make optimum communication possible, b) reach agreement on their own views regarding marriage, c) develop a working agreement on general concepts such as aggressiveness, dominance, dependency, etc., d) meet at regular intervals to work out the difficulties between them and their patients.


This paper presents an improvement of a previously proposed pitch determination algorithm (PDA). Particularly aiming at handling alternate cycles in speech signal, the algorithm estimates pitch through spectrum shifting on logarithmic frequency scale and calculating the Subharmonic-to-Harmonic Ratio (SHR). The evaluation results on two databases show that this algorithm performs considerably better than other PDAs compared. Application of SHR to voice quality analysis task is also presented. The implementation and evaluation routines are available from <http://mel.speech.nwu.edu/sunxj/pda.htm>.


The use of over-the-counter swap products can be highly beneficial but also entails credit risk and basis risk. Investors should thoroughly understand the nature of these risks both to evaluate the cost-benefit trade-offs and to control the risks to the extent possible.This presentation comes from the Derivative Strategies for Managing Portfolio Risk conference held in Marina del Rey, California, on April 13-14, 1993.


The purpose of introducing English as foreign language to young learners is to stimulate learners' interest in studying the language. Assessment should support this purpose instead of working against it. However, some studies reveal that only few English teachers comprehend the principles of teaching English to young learners. Consequently, if teachers were lack of competence in teaching young learners, it can be assumed that they are too lack of competence in assessing young learners.The objective of this study is to investigate how teachers carried out language assessment for young learners. Specifically, the aims of this study are; to identify teachers' understanding of assessment in terms of purpose, aspect, and feedback of assessment; to identify techniques employed by teachers in assessing young learners; and to identify difficulties encountered by teachers during assessment process. This study is designed as qualitative and descriptive study. The research conducted in three elementary in eastern part of Bandung. Those elementary schools were chosen based on the assumption that they share similar features with many other public elementary schools. The features shared are: teachers must deal with a great number of students and English teachers come from various backgrounds (English and non-English background). Therefore English teachers from each elementary school are the participants of the research. The data for this study were compiled through questionnaire, interview and observation.This study reveals that respondents were well-informed of the benefit of assessment. Nevertheless, they were lack of understanding of how assessment should be carried out. Assessments conducted by the respondents were categorized as traditional assessment which is considered to be counter productive for young learners' language development. Difficulties encountered by respondents during assessment process were mainly derived from a great number of students in their classroom.


The absence of the Canarian accent in the Spanish Cinema and TV Series is perceived by the inhabitants of the Archipelago as an element of marginality compared to other accents of the Spanish state. However, it is more widespread than we might think as there is a tradition of a type of diction, intonation and melody called «neutral», heir to classical theatre, radio and film dubbing; that was imposed in all film productions in Spanish since the beginning of the last century. The latest Canarian productions generate hope by opening the ear beyond the neutral accent and educating from the richness of one of the outermost European accents. Perhaps in the future our Canarian accent, heir, mestizo and open, but warm and closer to the speech of millions of Spanish-speakers can serve as a substitute for the neutral Castilian accent in audiovisual productions in our language. In this paper we try to analyze more in detail.


ABSTRACT Three types of explanation in evaluaticn are discussed: causal explanations, explanations of actions, and ertlanaticns of value judgments. The role and importance of each form is addressed, as are alternate approaches to providing such explanation. The concert of ex;lanaticn is defined as anything said cr done to help someone understand something. The classification of explanation is based on a distinction between types and methods. Methods are identified and defined: descriptive, narrative, genetic, experimental, and theoretical. Two of these types of explanationaction and value explanation--have generally been neglected in evaluation. Causal explanation has been interpreted in a narrow fashion, and causal claims not satisfying its requirements have been regarded as unsound. Action and value explanations have objective significance which is capable of being spelled out empirically, and they are therefore susceptible to public testing. It is concluded that, in spite of imFerfect circumstances, there are ways cf responsibly arriving at intellectually and morally sound explanations: although the available means are demanding on the ludgment and ccnscience of the evaluator. (Author/GK)


Learning media used by tutors in the learning process at PKBM Farilla Ilmi are very suitable and attract the attention of the learning community. The results of this study found that the compatibility and attractiveness of the media in learning can increase the motivation of students to learn, so that students' understanding increases rapidly. Likewise the interaction between tutors and students and their peers is more increased because the media provided involves a lot of learning in the learning process. This study has a population of Paket C learners equivalent to high school, amounting to 60 people. While the sample is 30 people, which is half of the research target using classified random sampling techniques so that it is representative in representing each class. The results of this study are in accordance with the researchers' expectations expressed in the preliminary section about the success of the Paket C program in achieving high scores in Entrepreneurship subjects.


Tuban, East Java, Indonesia, is well-known by its high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions which are mixed in its soil and water. The consumption of high calcium-magnesium concentrated water leads to kidney stone disease in Tuban. Palmyra palm ( Borassus flabellifer ) is a common plant in Tuban. Its antiurolithiatic activity (diuretic effect) dissolve brushite crystals formed inside the kidneys. It is done due to Borassus flabellifer ' s sap which is served as a traditional drink called Legen . The objective of the study is to identify that Palmyra palm ( Borassus flabellifer ) contains diuretic chemical substance and Legen can be used as the cure of kidney stone disease. The used research method is qualitative by field and library research. According to Shirisha (2018), sap from the flower of Borassus flabellifer acts as diuretic agents. The plant has been used traditionally as a stimulant, antileprotic, diuretic, and antiphologistic (Chinnala, 2016). Pursuant to Amalo (2008), Legen cures kidney stone disease by consuming it once in 24 hours for 30 days constantly. Furthermore, it is also recommended to be consumed in a determined amount as a prevention of kidney stone disease.


Practical teaching of curriculums refers to the teaching patterns with practical characteristics adopted by teachers according to the professional personnel training scheme,based on a certain curriculum with a clear knowledge system.It aims to promote the development of students' practical ability,innovational ability and other capabilities.Compared with the traditional higher education,practical teaching of curriculums was introduced into new schools of westernization movement and into the priliminarily-shaped formal higher education arena during the period of "New Administration",thus strongly promoted the modernization process of the whole Chinese education,but meanwhile,issues of superficial knowledge,narrow understanding,systemic inefficiency,lack of guarantee and so on still existed.


This paper presents the design of Bidirectional Barrel Shifter using Differential Cascode Pre-resolve Adiabatic Logic (DCPAL). The distinct attribute of the proposed design is its capability for the bidirectional shifting operations, namely, bidirectional logical shift and arithmetic shift and rotate operations, while the conventional barrel shifter designs do not perform all these operations with the use of a single circuit. The design is realized using Cadence® Virtuoso simulation environment employing 180nm technology files. The design is implemented in the diode free, dual rail DCPAL adiabatic logic seeking low power operation. For justifiable comparisons, the equivalent static CMOS counterpart is also implemented in the same design environment. The results show 85% static power reduction in a 2-bit Bidirectional barrel shifter using DCPAL as against the static CMOS equivalent circuit. Keywords—bidirectional logical shift, bidirectional arithmetic shift, binary shifter, binary rotator, DCPAL


The work presented here has been carried on at the National Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines - COMOTI, Bucharest, as part of a National Research program aimed at the conversion of aviation and industrial gas turbines for agricultural applications. The paper presents a Linear - Eddy - Model based on numerical simulation of the round turbulent exhaust jet of a Garrett 30 - 67 gas turbine. Experimental measurements of the jet gas composition and of the jet temperature, using a gas analyzer model VARIOPLUS INDUSTRIAL, have also been conducted, and are included in the paper, in order to ensure the numerical algorithm validation. The numerical results are analyzed with respect to the future utilization as carrier phase for active substances in agricultural applications


Abstract: The concept of residuated relational systems ordered under a quasi-order relation was introduced in 2018 by S. Bonzio and I. Chajda. In such algebraic systems, we have introduced and developed the concepts of implicative and comparative filters. In addition, we have shown that every comparative filter is an implicative filter at the same time and that converse it does not have to be. In this article, as a continuation of previous research, we introduce the concept of strong quasi-ordered residuated systems and we show that in such systems implicative and comparative filters coincide. In addition, we show that in such systems the concept of least upper bound for any two pair of elements can be determined.


This paper considers the construction of an upper confidence bound on the range of a set of p (?2) location parameters following a sequential range test. Although details are given only for the one-way analysis of variance model with known variance, generalisation to other situations is pointed out. This upper confidence bound is useful in assessing the equivalence of all the location parameters. An illustrative example is given


The ordering process of constituent molecules in phase III of {N(CH3)4}2MnCl4 is discussed on the basis of the results of X-ray structural analyses performed at nine temperatures below the normal-commensurate transition point. The order–disorder and displacive models are analyzed and compared in terms of the temperature dependences of structural parameters. Consequently, it is concluded that both tetramethylammonium and tetrachloromanganese ions behave as order–disorder units, and that their occupation probability, representative of the order parameter, changes monotonically with decreasing temperature. The results of our detailed analysis indicate that the centers of mass of the tetrahedral molecules shift continuously together with occupation ordering. The temperature dependence of the atomic displacement parameters is also investigated to confirm that the transition is of the order–disorder type.


Objective To understand the epidemic of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(TB) under the DOTS(directly observed treatment short-course)implementation in Xinmi county of Henan province.Methods Accor-ding to the inclusion criteria defined by the guidelines for national drug-resistant tuberculosis baseline survey,a total of 333 cases,including 295 cases of new and 38 cases of retreatment smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients,were enrolled successively for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) surveillance from March 1,2007 to Fe-bruary 28,2010;100,135 and 98 cases in each year respectively.According to the criteria set by the quality control manual for national drug-resistant tuberculosis baseline survey,sputum culture and strain identification were done for the included patients.All the contaminated samples,those that did not grow and those were not Mycobacterium tuberculosis were ruled out.296 isolated strains were acquired eventually,including 261 strains from new cases and 35 strains from retreatment cases.These strains were performed first line TB drugs(INH,RFP,EMB,S) susceptibility test.Results The overall smear positive drug-resistant rate were 28.57%(26/91),30.43%(35/115),27.78%(25/90)and multidrug-resistant rate were 5.49%(5/91),7.83%(9/115),4.44%(4/90)for 3 years re-spectively.Among the 86 drug-resistant Mtb strains isolated from the smear positive TB patients,47 strains(15.88%,47/296)resisted to one kind of drugs,20 strains(6.76%,20/296)resisted to two kinds of drugs,12 strains(4.05%,12/296)resisted to three kinds of drugs,7 strains(2.36%,7/296) resisted to four kinds of drugs,18 strains(6.08%,18/296) resisted to both RFP and INH.Conclusion The epidemic of MDR-TB was lower than that of the whole country.The epidemic remained in the same level in Xinmi county in the past 3 years.Effective measures to detect and treat drug-resistant TB patients should be taken to reduce the rate of drug-resistant tuberculosis.


Fluidized bed catalyst for the ammoxidation of propylene to acrylonitrile on the basis of Bi-Mo-Fe, composed of silica as a carrier and a composition of the general formula (shown in atomic ratio) A in which A represents at least one element selected from a group comprising Li, K, Rb, Cs, Sm, In or Tl; B is selected from the group consisting of P, Sb, Cr, W, Pr, Ce, As, B, Te, Ga, Al, Nb, Tb, La or V comprises at least one element, wherein the component B comprises at least the elements comprises simultaneously from Pr, W or mixture of Pr, W have been chosen with other metals C stands for an element selected from a group comprising, Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, Sr, Mn, Mg, Ca or comprises Cu, and the mixture thereof, in which a is a number from 0.01 to 1.5, b is a number from 0.01 to 3.0, c is a number from 0.1 to 12.0, d is a number from 0.01 to 2.0, e is a number from 0.01 to 0.7, f is a number from 0.1 to 8, g is a number from 0.01 to 6, h is a number from 12 to 14.5, x denotes the number of oxygen atoms which satisfies the requirements with regard to the valence of the other elements in the catalyst and in which the content of the silica used as a carrier 30-70 wt .-% by weight.


In order to research the effects of tillage methods on the growth of wheat at early stage and soil moisture in Sichuan hilly areas,three tillage methods (no-tillage,rotary tillage and conventional tillage) were used as main plots and straw-mulching or no straw-mulching as sub-plots,and the effect of tillage methods on reducing the negative influence of seasonal drought on the growth of wheat at early stage in those regions were discussed under split plot field experiments. The results showed that straw-mulching could significantly accelerate the happening of tillers and improve the chlorophyll contents (SPAD value),leaf area index (LAI) and population dry matter accumulation,respectively,however,the root activity was lower than that of no straw-mulching treatment at tillering stage. Under no-tillage condition,the winter wheat had stronger tillering ability,higher LAI and population dry matter accumulation,but there was not significant between rotary tillage and conventional tillage. There were no significant effects of three tillage methods on the SPAD value and root activity of winter wheat. In addition,straw-mulching had remarkable effect on soil water preservation,especially at 0- 20 cm soil layer,and the soil moisture with strawmulching was higher by 8. 0 %- 16. 7 % as compared to no straw-mulching. Furthermore,no-tillage could also promote soil water preservation,but this function reduced along with the growth of winter wheat. Based on these results,it was concluded that straw-mulching and notillage could significantly promote the growth of wheat at early stage as well as soil water preservation effect and could effectively reduce the negative effects of seasonal drought on the growth of wheat at early stage in this region.


Many published damage localization indices require structural modal identification and mathematical model of the undamaged structure. However, it is somewhat inconvenient for use in practical engineering. In this study, an efficient localization index has been presented, named as image flexibility of frequency response function, for damage detection in plate-like structures. In order to avoid the finite element model error, two-dimensional gapped smoothing method is employed without the need for the baseline data from a presumably undamaged structure. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, experimental studies on a multi-damage steel plate are carried out. Meanwhile, the effects of damage magnitude and boundary condition on detection results are also discussed. The results show the effectiveness and robustness of the non-modal method compared to those found in the literature.


A new model for two-dimensional electromagnetic inverse scattering is introduced by means of a convenient rewriting of the pertinent integral equation and by exploiting the 'reduced scattered field', which is underlying a recently introduced qualitative method. The proposed inverse scattering model exhibits a lower degree of nonlinearity with respect to parameters embedding dielectric characteristics as compared to the traditional model, thus suggesting its exploitation in the solution of the inverse problem.


Obtained is 125% or more hole expansion rate λ to ensure is, the TS 490 provides the 590 least ㎫ ㎫ less workability is excellent high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing the same. By mass%, C: the 0.005 ~ 0.1%: 0.04 ~ 0.1%, Si: 0.3 ~ 1.3%, Mn: 0.8 ~ 1.8%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.005% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Al contained, and further Ti: at least 0.002% and less than 0.03%, V: more than 0.002% to less than 0.03%, Nb: more than 0.002%, and containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of less than 0.02%, the balance of component composition of Fe and inevitable impurities have, and the area ratio of the ferrite phase is 85% or more, the area ratio on the bainite is 10% or less, the ferrite phase and the area ratio on the other outside of the bainite is 5% or less in the entire tissue, also in the ferrite phase full Molecular occupied assists on the ferrite area ratio is excellent in workability characterized by having a micro-tissue of less than 80% more than 30% high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet.


We present the design, realization, and characterization of optical strong light–matter coupling between intersubband transitions within a semiconductor heterostructures and planar metamaterials in the near-infrared spectral range. The strong light–matter coupling entity consists of a III-nitride intersubband superlattice heterostructure, providing a two-level system with a transition energy of ∼0.8 eV (λ ∼1.55 μm) and a planar "dogbone" metamaterial structure. As the bare metamaterial resonance frequency is varied across the intersubband resonance, a clear anticrossing behavior is observed in the frequency domain. This strongly coupled entity could enable the realization of electrically tunable optical filters, a new class of efficient nonlinear optical materials, or intersubband-based light-emitting diodes.


Plasma-wall interaction in magnetic fusion devices is responsible for wall changes and plasma pollution with major safety issues. It is investigated both in situ and ex situ, especially by realizing large scale dedicated post-mortem campaigns. Selected parts of the walls are extracted and characterized by several techniques. It is important to extract hydrogen isotopes, oxygen or other element content. This is classically done by ion beam analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Raman microscopy is an alternative and complementary technique. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that Raman microscopy is a very sensitive tool. Moreover, if coupled to other techniques and tested on well-controlled reference samples, Raman microscopy can be used efficiently for characterization of wall samples. Present work reviews long experience gained on carbon-based materials demonstrating how Raman microscopy can be related to structural disorder and hydrogen retention, as it is a direct probe of chemical bonds and atomic structure. In particular, we highlight the fact that Raman microscopy can be used to estimate the hydrogen content and bonds to other elements as well as how it evolves under heating. We also present state-of-the-art Raman analyses of beryllium- and tungsten-based materials, and finally, we draw some perspectives regarding boron-based deposits.


Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding (UGIB) is defined as originating in the distal esophagus, stomach and duodenum (proximal to the Ligament of Treitz). The most common cause of nonvariceal UGIB is peptic ulcer disease, but the differential diagnosis is diverse, including benign and malignant tumors, ischemia, gastritis, arteriovenous malformations such as Dieulafoy lesions, Malloy-Weiss tears, trauma and iatrogenic causes. Endoscopic hemostasis remains the initial treatment modality, however, in patients endoscopic treatment fails to control bleeding, trans-catheter arterial embolization is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment to surgery. Advances in catheter-based technique and newer embolic agents have expanded the role of interventional radiology in the treatment of UGIB. In this presentation, techniques, embolic agents, and literature evidence on the outcomes of trans-catheter arterial embolization in such a setting.


An efficient stereo video coding method was proposed instead of calculating both disparity estimation (DE) and motion estimation (ME) of every stereo pairs. The first right frame was encoded firstly, and the first left frame was predicted by DE with adaptive windows. This first stereo pair was considered as "I stereo pair". According to occlusion correlation between disparity vectors (DVs) and motion vectors (MVs), next three adjacent stereo pairs, which were referred to as "P stereo pair", were put into content-based 4 dimensional units (4DUs). And MVs of the middle time blocks in 4DUs were referred to as the uniform MVs of the 4DUs, and were used to calculate the motion compensation. 4D matrix DCT (4D-MDCT) was used to eliminate spatial and temporal redundancy further. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can reduce computational complexity more than 95% and 66% in DE and ME respectively by keeping image quality.


Aetiology in Mongolian medicine,as one of the achievements of Mongolian medicine theory,has obvious difference in cognition of pathogeny from modern medicine,and differs widely in system of Chinese and other traditional medicine.The pathogeny in the theory of Mongolian medicine,presupposed one,has outstanding internalization and meanwhile emphasizes external cause.The theory of pathogeny plays an important and leading role in clinical diagnosis and treatment in Mongolian medicine.


This paper considers the impact of new media on freedom of expression and media freedom within the context of the European Convention on Human Rights and European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence. Through comparative analysis of US jurisprudence and scholarship, this paper deals with the following three issues. First, it explores the traditional purpose of the media, and how media freedom, as opposed to freedom of expression, has been subject to privileged protection, within an ECHR context at least. Secondly, it considers the emergence of new media, and how it can be differentiated from the traditional media. Finally, it analyses the philosophical justifications for freedom of expression, and how they enable a workable definition of the media based upon the concept of the media-as-a-constitutional-component.


Increased trend of globalization and focus on environment friendly processes and products has make it a biggest challenge for small and medium size enterprises (SME's) to play their active and equal role as compare to large multinational corporations (MNC's). SME's play a significant role in the overall supply chains around the globe and specifically in the economies of the developing countries. To meet the challenges of becoming green SME's in the developing countries need to follow business models based upon open innovation paradigm. This conceptual study reveals that by inbound knowledge sharing SME's can enhance their capabilities to mitigate environmental issues. At the same time by making inter and intra industry clusters and by using unique localized tacit knowledge they could come up with indigenous processes and products which they can offer to other companies including MNC's around the globe. Keywords–Open Innovation; SME's; Green supply chain management; Sustainability; Developing countries


This research is part of an on-going study of the effects of ship impact loads on waterway structures underlain by pile foundations. The objectives of this research are: (1) To modify the existing pile driver and make it capable of driving 3 by 3 and 4 by 4 battered pile groups in flight onto a base plate and achieve fixed head conditions at the pile cap; (2) To instrument each of the piles in both groups to measure shear and axial force and bending moment; (3) To conduct the lateral load tests in samples with relative densities of 36% and 55% and also to test with dead loads equivalent to 20%, 50%, and 80% of the vertical capacity of the model pile group; (4) To analyze the effect of dead load on the lateral capacity at different relative densities; (5) To gather data about the internal force distribution of the pile groups and to investigate the pattern of pile group rotation; and (6) To use measured test data to validate a coupled bridge superstructure-foundation finite-element-code (FLORIDA-PIER).


Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a multi-functional peptide localized in a number of tissues besides the brain, and its expression is high in strains of mice with autoimmune disease. Functionally, along with its neurotransmitter role, NPY has multiple effects on both vascular tissues and tissues involved in immune responses. Previous studies demonstrated that immunoreactive NPY (i-NPY) exists in large quantities in platelets and bone marrow of some species, and suggested its release during platelet aggregation by collagen. Because NPY has been hypothesized to have a role in a number of pathophysiological states in which platelets are involved, including immune responses, hypertension and vascular smooth muscle proliferation, we sought to further characterize platelet i-NPY content and release by a diverse group of physiological platelet agonists. Platelet rich plasma and gel filtered platelets were prepared from citrated whole blood of male Sprague Dawley rats. Platelet content and concentration of i-NPY were quantified by RIA. Platelet aggregation responses (turbidometric method) and release of i-NPY were measured in rat platelet preparations stimulated by a thromboxane agonist (U44069), collagen, thrombin and ADP. All agents induced dose-dependent aggregation, although ADP and U44069 were weak agonists in citrated platelet rich plasma, ADP only inducing primary aggregation. Total i-NPY content in platelet rich plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats was 32.1±3.8 pmol/ml; more than 20 pmol/ml was released into supernatant of aggregating platelets stimulated with high dose thrombin or collagen during secondary, irreversible aggregation. Although U44069 and ADP both stimulated i-NPY release in a dose-dependent manner, release was substantially lower than with the other agonists. We conclude that i-NPY release from rat platelets is associated mainly with secondary, irreversible aggregation, and can be produced by a variety of platelet stimulating agents as part of the platelet release reaction. The present study and other recent studies demonstrate wide variability in platelet i-NPY content between and within species. Investigation of the genetic regulation of i-NPY content in platelets could offer new insights into the relationship between NPY and pathophysiology of the immune and cardiovascular systems.


In Germany, the current stock of boilers in residential buildings is predominantly fuelled with natural gas and heating oil (Fig. 1). Other heat generators are heat pump systems, which have become more and more important in recent years. In addition to energy from the environment (e. g. geothermal heat) or waste heat, they always also consume electricity. Technologies that are also used in the context of energy-related building improvements are solar thermal and photovoltaic systems that provide both heat and electricity, as well as ventilation systems with heat recovery. The latter – when used appropriately and with quality assurance in planning and execution – lead to less heat loss than window ventilation by using the heat contained in the exhaust air to partially cover the heat demand of the rooms.


Recently, it was shown that the conserved charges of asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes can be written in an explicitly gauge-invariant way in terms of the linearized Riemann tensor and the Killing vectors. Here, we employ this construction to compute the mass and angular momenta of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Kerr-AdS black holes, which is one of the most remarkable Einstein metrics generalizing the four-dimensional rotating black hole.


The impact of the coronavirus offers definitive
evidence of Europe's vulnerability to global challenges
and disorder. Its diffusion is the product of multiple
governance failures at national and international
levels. Geopolitical competition and nationalism have
engulfed international affairs, undermining multilateral
cooperation needed to manage interdependence.


We generalize the theory of resolving a mixture of two closely spaced spontaneous emission lifetimes to include pure dephasing contributions to decoherence, leading to the resurgence of Rayleigh's Curse at small lifetime separations. Considerable resolution enhancement remains possible when lifetime broadening is more significant than that due to pure dephasing. In the limit that lifetime broadening dominates, one can achieve super-resolution either by a tailored one-photon measurement or Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry. We describe conditions for which either choice is superior.


We report two cases of ectopic inverted tooth, which were removed by endoscopic endonasal surgery. Case 1 was a 9-year-old boy who had no symptoms. A white mass was incidentally found in his right nasal cavity, and the tooth was removed easily with endoscopic endonasal approach. Case 2 was a woman who had recurrent episodes of right maxillary sinusitis. Imaging examination revealed that a tooth was buried in the posterior wall of the antrum. After creating a large middle meatal antrostomy by endoscopic endonasal approach, we could observe the tooth fixed firmly to the surrounding bone. We removed the tooth completely by drilling the surrounding bone with a curved burr. They are both doing well after operation. Recent improvement in instruments has made the endoscopic endonasal approach possible. This approach is useful for removing ectopic teeth because it is less invasive to the patient than a conventional approach.


Conveyor system is a mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another, which often contains inclined sections to change the elevation of the material as it is moving. Conveyor serves to increase quality control at a manufacturing or a storage location. In the warehouse or farm gate, there is need to increase the quality control required in moving agricultural produce from one place to another as damages done to the produce while throwing them can open them to pest and disease infestation thereby making them unattractive. Hence a dual power source inclined belt conveyor was constructed.
The component parts of the inclined belt conveyor include; the electric motor (2hp), the drive and tail drum, the supporting roller (idler roller), the hopper, the bed frame and the conveyor belt.
The conveyor loading height (input height) is 600mm (2ft) and the maximum discharge height (output height) of 100mm (6ft) with a maximum inclination angle of 30o. The conveyor was tested at different angles of inclination (0o, 10o, 20o, 30o) at a speed of 25 rpm (0.17 m/s) and the efficiency was evaluated. The discharging efficiency obtained as the angle of inclination increases from 0o to 30o ranged from 2.54tonnes/hr to 1.8tonnes/hr, and efficiency which ranges from 84.5% to 61.2%. This shows that the efficiency of the conveyor decreases as the inclination angle increases due to loss of power in moving the material up an inclined plane against gravity. The efficiency showed that the optimum performance of the dual power source inclined belt conveyor is gotten at inclination angle of 0o. It is therefore recommended that the speed of the conveyor belt should be increased as the inclination angle increases in other to get the optimum efficiency of the conveyor.


Fiber optic sensors offer many advantages over electrical sensors for use in harsh environments. One advantage over distributed electrical sensors is the elimination of the need to route electrical power and wiring to the sensors, which, in general, improves safety and reduces power consumption. Another advantage is that the optical sensors are immune to electromagnetic interference that may be caused by radio frequency signals used for communications. Another benefit of using an optical approach for impact detectors is the implicit immunity from false detections that may otherwise be caused by unrelated mechanical shock or vibration events. Previous studies have documented the characteristics of the Optical Debris Impact Sensor (ODIS). With the ODIS, the impacts are inferred by detecting the brief triboluminescent optical pulses generated by the abrupt charge separation within a phosphor that is caused by the particle impacts. The main limitations of the ODIS are the small detection area and the limited sensitivity. This paper describes a method for extending the ODIS to accomplish broad area detection on a surface with potentially higher sensitivity. The sensing element is comprised of a stack of planar optical waveguides with phosphor-coated strips. The geometry of the design ensures optical pulses are automatically captured by the waveguides and routed to a fiber optic cable that transports the signal to a remote high-speed photodetector. Background light levels in the vicinity of the detector are filtered out by the tailored frequency response of the photodetector.


The effects of the Ni/ZrO2/TaN resistive switching memory devices without and with 400 o C annealing process were investigated. Due to a large amount of Ni diffusion, the device exhibits lower set and reset voltages after the annealing process. It also shows the excellent endurance which can be attributed to the less oxygen consumption in the period of reset process caused by the lower reset power.


The soil properties,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and the net N mineralization were determined on-site at 5 different altitudes in the alpine meadows on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.The results showed that there was no significant difference for microbial biomass carbon,but there was significant difference for microbial biomass nitrogen and the contribution of C_(mic) to organic carbon and N_(mic) to total nitrogen were detected among different altitudes(P0.05).There was a significantly positive correlation between soil pH and microbial biomass and a negative correlation between soil moisture and microbial biomass(P0.05).The net N mineralization from the indoor incubation was larger than that from the in-situ incubation,which indicated that there would be higher N mineralization rates under the conditions of appropriate temperature and moisture.


The existing phase field model of polymer crystallization contains many parameters that lack actual physical meaning. Although the value of these parameters can be adjusted to obtain results consistent with the experiment, it cannot correspond to the experimental conditions. In this paper, a new phase field model is established. By adjusting the latent heat, various forms of isotactic polystyrene crystals, such as dendrites, spherulites, lamellas, etc., can be simulated. Latent heat refers to the heat absorbed or released by a substance from one phase to another and has important physical meaning during the solidification process. The finite difference method was used to solve the model, and then the data were used to visualize. The simulation results were consistent with the experiment. Numerical simulation results under pure diffusion conditions show that the newly established phase field model can qualitatively predict the polymer growth process and provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and optimization of high-performance polymers. In order to make the simulation result closer to the actual growth of the crystal, the flow velocity is added in the simulation to make the melt convection. Under forced convection, the simulated polymer crystal image is no longer symmetrical.


Hippocampus is crucial for episodic-like memory formation. The dynamics of hippocampal neuronal ensembles during learning has not been well understood. To investigate the hippocampal circuit property during learning, we designed a new spatial learning task and performed multiunit recording from CA1 neurons. Analyses for hippocampal place cells revealed that hippocampus captured not only the structure of environments, but also the structure of behavior task. Further analyses for hippocampal neuronal replays, the neuronal ensemble reactivations followed by sharp-wave ripples, showed rate increases in the frequency of replays with dynamic changes in replay patterns, reflecting the newly learned pathways. Real-time neuro-feedback experiments confirmed that such prioritized experience replay supports efficient learning. These results indicate that hippocampal neurons represent the self-state in the environment with multiple axes, enabling the hippocampus to flexibly emit experience replays to support the reinforcement of a specific behavior pattern.


In the long-term harbor improvement policy "port to the 21st century" upon which it was decided in 1985N having improved the watertline where priority was given to the transportation function and the industrial function by the high economic growth of 60 to the 70s as synthetic port space which aimed improvement in amenity was determined. About opening to citizens of a breakwater and a seawall which is facing the open sea especially. Japanese government developed itself starting with the water amenity-oriented breakwater in Wakayama Marina City, and also has tackled the same kind of development of the breakwater and seawall in this SUNPORT Takamatsu. It was decided upon "greenization of port administration" which is a fundamental policy of a future port environment policy in 2005. Because of Landscape Law enacted in 2004, and in order to aim at the surveillance of environmental preservation by a civic eye such as closing ocean space, positive opening of the waterline to the further citizen is called for . In this paper, SUN PORT Takamatsu project which was completed in 2001 and conducted "ex-post valuation of public works" in 2007 was taken up J would like to discuss about the design of the ocean space structure which has a water amenity-oriented function, proving the development effect of the water amenity-oriented structures in there.


The high temperature properties of molding sand determine the state of molding sand in the casting conditions. Poor high temperature properties can cause deformation,cracking and breaking core in the pouring,and it will directly reduce the quality of casting and the rate of finished products. To prevent the occurrence of the defect,accurate detection the behavior of the molding sand at high temperature in laboratory conditions is essential. In the paper,the test methods and associated instrumentation of green sand,resin sand and other sand at home and abroad in recent decades was reviewed. Then the present status of the shapes and sizes of molding sand specimen especially resin sand specimen was described. Finally,the design of new high temperature properties test apparatus of resin sand was suggested.


Although an abundance of evidence shows that territorial disputes fundamentally shape relations among states, we know surprisingly little about when territorial claims are made. We use new data on the spatial distribution of historical borders and territorial claims across four centuries of European history to demonstrate that the majority of territorial claims are drawn following historical boundary precedents at times of high systemic uncertainty. For instance, 19th century claims, several of which contributed to subsequent wars, are clustered at 1848 and 1870–1871, years in which crises engulfed several of Europe's great powers. Importantly, the claims that emerge at this time are not necessarily among states involved in the crises that generated uncertainty in the system, e.g., the Concert of Europe system. Moreover, the claims follow historical precedents that have no plausible relation to the revolutions of 1848, for example. Rather, states make claims in areas where well-established historical precedents, i.e., precedents that were actual borders for a long period, and make these claims when systemic uncertainty suggests that great powers are occupied with other crises and have lost the ability or will to effectively intervene in border disputes involving third parties. ∗We thank participants of the 2015 North American meeting of the Peace Science Society (International) for comments on a very early (pre-written) version of this project. All mistakes remain our own responsibility.


The paper presents results of a study of the activities of Margaret Thatcher after his resignation from the post of Prime Minister. Discusses the main directions of socio-political activity of M. Thatcher at the end of XX beginning of XXI centuries.


Recently, in various biological processes such as endoscopic medication, blood pumping from the heart to different parts of the body, food supply, and in maintaining heat transfer phenomenon, slip plays a significant part in all aspects. Therefore, a study is aimed to enlighten the significance of multiple slips with Joule heating in a mixed convective Casson fluid. The flow regime is induced by the thermal radiation, chemical reaction and nonuniform heat source/sink in order to accomplish the heat and mass transportation. The modeled equations generated from the physical problem are transmuted into ordinary differential frameworks. The transformed system of equations was solved by means of numerical technique named Runge–Kutta Fehlberg method. The numerical results for involved engineering parameters like Joule heating, Eckert number, thermal, mass and velocity slip parameters for temperature, velocity and fluid concentration are analyzed by graphs using MATLAB. The numerical values for the drag force and Nusselt number are keenly observed and concluded that slip controls the flow closer to the boundary layer. Furthermore, magnetic factor decreases the velocity field and Eckert number enhances the temperature filed.


Treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer, in particular tongue cancer, often results in impaired speech, swallowing, or mastication. Due to the complex structures and systems involved in oral functions, it is difficult for a clinician to predict the functional consequences after surgery or chemoradiation. Effective patient counseling and choosing the right treatment is therefore often an arduous task. Simulating the effect of treatments using biomechanical computer models can help the patient and the treating physician to understand the effects and impact of the intervention. Therefore, we are currently developing a Finite Element tongue model that can simulate these postoperative functions.


Villages,John Updike's 21st novel published in 2004,employing three typical suburban middle class villages in different regions as its settings,traces Owen Mackenzie's adulterous life and records in minute details the transformation of sexual morality of America in over half a century.It is suggested by the author that,while the pursuit of the individual freedom of the body is an instinct of the human as a thinking animal,it impinges upon the social conventions,bringing harm to other people.


Twelve nulliparous New Zealand White female rabbits, and eight nulliparous Hereford heifers were used for profile analysis of the oviductal layers after in vivo and in vitro fixation of the oviducts. The unstraightened oviducts were cut into eight segments of about 1 cm starting from the uterotubal junction. Using a projection microscope, the areas of the lumen, mucosa + submucosa, and musculature of cross sections from each segment were measured planimetrically. The lumen of segments 5 and 6 (from the fimbriae) had the smallest surface area at all reproductive stages in both species. At about 72 and 168 hours after ovulation, the surface area of the lumen at these two segments increased by two‐fold compared to the estrous stage. The ampullary‐isthmic junction (AIJ) is probably located at 6/10 to 7/10 of the oviductal length (segment 5 or 6) in both species. The widening of the lumen at the AIJ, 60–70 hours post ovulation, is sufficient to allow the trapped eggs to pass rapidly to the uterus. The whole isthmus and particularly the AIJ seems to function as a sphincter, the closure of which may be coordinated by neuro‐endocrine mechanisms.


Complex structure metal work-pieces, especially bionic porous structures in tissue engineering, can be manufactured with high shape precisions and efficiencies using laser direct depositing technology. Three-dimensional modeling, finite unit analyses of thermo field, and tissue growing technology were applied to metal selected laser sintering (SLS) to solve the problem of forming quality difference and nucleation discrepancy. The thermo field was simulated and analyzed using finite element method, with correlative affection of technical parameters then discussed. According to the thermo field analyses, metal nucleation growing process was provided by using the cellular automaton model based on the coupling finite element method and the growing mechanism, where the nucleation could be optimized by adjusting the correlated technical parameters. Based on the analytical results, the optimization and control of nucleation were realized by combining the macro model of thermo field analyses and the micro model of cellular automation. The simulation results are almost the same as those of the correlated experiments at a consistency level of 95%.


To achieve high accuracy in machine learning (ML) systems, practitioners often use complex "black-box" models that are not easily understood by humans. The opacity of such models has resulted in public concerns about their use in high-stakes contexts and given rise to two conflicting arguments about the nature — and even the existence — of the accuracy-explainability trade-off. One side postulates that model accuracy and explainability are inversely related, leading practitioners to use black-box models when high accuracy is important. The other side of this argument holds that the accuracy-explainability trade-off is rarely observed in practice and consequently, that simpler interpretable models should always be preferred. Both sides of the argument operate under the assumption that some types of models, such as low-depth decision trees and linear regression are more explainable, while others such as neural networks and random forests, are inherently opaque. Our main contribution is an empirical quantification of the trade-off between model accuracy and explainability in two real-world policy contexts. We quantify explainability in terms of how well a model is understood by a human-in-the-loop (HITL) using a combination of objectively measurable criteria, such as a human's ability to anticipate a model's output or identify the most important feature of a model, and subjective measures, such as a human's perceived understanding of the model. Our key finding is that explainability is not directly related to whether a model is a black-box or interpretable and is more nuanced than previously thought. We find that black-box models may be as explainable to a HITL as interpretable models and identify two possible reasons: (1) that there are weaknesses in the intrinsic explainability of interpretable models and (2) that more information about a model may confuse users, leading them to perform worse on objectively measurable explainability tasks. In summary, contrary to both positions in the literature, we neither observed a direct trade-off between accuracy and explainability nor found interpretable models to be superior in terms of explainability. It's just not that simple!


Background and Objective- More than 285 million people are affected worldwide by diabetes mellitus. According to the International Diabetes Federation, number is expected to increase to 439 million by 2030. Here, the aim of this study was to assess visual outcome of cataract surgery using phacoemulsification with intra ocular lens implant in diabetic patients with cataract as compared to non-diabetic patients with cataract.
Methodology- A prospective study conducted on 232 patients between January 2018 to May 2018. 116 consecutive diabetic patients with cataract and 116 non-diabetic patients with cataract and undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery were enrolled in this study after taking informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using JASP (Version 0.8.6) and Microsoft Excel 2013.
Result- The mean age was 63.04 ± 8.11 in non-diabetic group and 63.64 ± 6.27 in diabetic group. Non-diabetic group had 48.28% males (56 males) and 51.72% females (60 females), whereas the diabetic group had 49.14% males (57 males) and 50.86% females (59 females). The overall mean duration of diabetes was seen to be 8.3±5.1 years. The diabetic patients were found to be significantly associated with hypertension (P = <.001) and IHD (P = 0.04). At postoperative 6 weeks mean BCVA was 0.07 ±0.1 in Non-Diabetics and 0.11 ± 0.13 in diabetics while difference in BCVA was statistically significant (p = 0.04).
Conclusion- Visual outcome after phacoemulsification surgery with intra ocular lens implant was comparable in diabetic and non-diabetic group.


India has a large network of road throughout the country. India faces the highest number of accidents and accidental fatalities in the world. To prevent the accidents caused due to over speeding of vehicles, speed breakers are used. But, the accidents are caused due to both presence and absence of speed breakers. During night, speed breakers are not necessary. During day time, the speed breaker comes up and during night time, the speed breaker flattens. Here LDR is used to sense the available light and RFID is used to sense the vehicles. In rainy days many accidents will occur due low friction during breaking, so the speed breaker is not necessary during rain. Many luxurious cars are struggling to move over a speed breaker. Patients travelling in emergency vehicles face many difficulties due to speed breakers. They need a smooth ride. In these situations, speed breakers are not needed. So, in this project we are controlling the speed breakers automatically based on the requirement by using RF detector and it is controlled using PIC controller.


This study focuses on algorithms currently available for a high PRF airborne phased array radar, where the system is designed to unambiguously detect fast targets, such as fighters, under intense jamming. It is shown that under the constrained conditions, the best processing option is not the well known space time adaptive processor (STAP), but a dual processor which provides the optimal solution at lowest possible computational cost maintaining the overall optimal performance.


The invention discloses a health care golden mushroom sausage. The weight ratio of the raw materials of the sausage is that every 1000 grams of pork is added with 100 to 150 grams of the golden mushroom, 65 to 75 grams of sugar, 25 to 35 grams of salt, 0.02 to 0.04 grams of cochineal red pigment, 25 to 35 ml of Longan osmanthus wine and 10 to 15 grams of turmeric, wherein the Longan osmanthus wine is prepared by adding 20 to 40 grams of longan aril, 5 to 10 grams of sweet osmanthus and 12 to 15 grams of mulberry leaf into every 100 grams of liquor, mixing, sealing, immersing for more than 6 months and then filtering. The golden mushroom enables the sausage to be relatively delicate and elastic, and meanwhile have a good anti-cancer effect and other medicinal therapeutic roles for health care. The Longan osmanthus wine can nourish heart and calm nerves, improve mood and sweeten mouth as well as prevent diseases and prolong life. The turmeric, used as a natural anticorrosion bactericide, has strong bactericidal, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation effects, and meanwhile can inhibit harmful substances such as nitrite in the sausage.


This guide gives an overview of sources on law Introductions to provide students with background information on the available legal sources.


The paper is devoted to the search for more effective adsorbents for the defluorination of wet-process phosphoric acid, as well as methods for their synthesis. It was established that mechanochemical modification of activated carbon allows more complete removal of fluoride from the acid. Modification was carried out in a roller-ring vibrating mill. The original and modified samples were analyzed using such methods as scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and potentiometric titration. It was revealed that the mechanical effect on activated carbon for 5 minutes leads to an increase in the specific surface by 11.6%, the concentration of carboxyl and phenol groups by 59.6 and 12.8%, respectively. This led to an increase in the efficiency of phosphoric acid defluorination. When using a modified sample, fluorine content decreased from 2.06 to 1.73 wt. %. The positive effect of mechanical action is due to the active oxidation of activated carbon, that is, an increase in the concentration of functional groups containing a hydroxyl fragment that is replaced by fluorine during the purification process.


Exercise has acute and chronic influences on immune function.Regular moderate exercise may benefit immunity and is associated with a reduced risk of infection while prolonged strenuous exercise may cause a temporary immune suppression that usually lasts about 3-24h after exercise,depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise.Acute exercise bout may up-regulate the release of IL-6 from muscle,leading to an increase in IL-10 and inhibition of cellular immunity.Acute exercise temporarily enhances natural killer cell activity but inhibits leukocyte phagocytosis.Prolonged strenuous exercise may inhibit mucosal immunity by decreasing IgA secretion,leading to a possible increase risk of upper respiratory infection.Balanced nutrition including long-term antioxidant(e.g.Vitamin C and E) supplementation and carbohydrate intake during exercise has been shown to be beneficial to immune function and to prevent immune suppression induced by heavy exertion.Well-balanced nutrition accompanied to well-designed exercise schedule is recommended to athletes.


In all major industrialised countries, copyright law has fundamentally changed in the last 15 years due to the digital age, the TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO Copyright Treaties. Japan is no exception, and both legislation and case law have been most active within this period of time. "Copyright Law in Japan" contains up-to date information on such difficult issues as the new distribution right for copyrighted works, frictions between private and public interest, provisions on anti-circumvention devices, contributory infringement in a digital and non-digital environment, calculation of damages in copyright infringement cases, the fundamentals of moral rights protection, and the work quality of video games. The book is written by a number of leading Japanese and Max Planck academics, and Japanese practitioners, and thus combines practical knowledge with academic standards. The book contains the following chapters: Copyright History; General Introduction; Protected Works; Copyright Ownership; Moral Rights; Economic Rights and Limitations; Copyright Contract Law; Neighbouring Rights; and The Enforcement of Copyrights. The book is a must for all copyright owners concerned about their rights in Japan, and for private practitioners counselling their clients on potential strategies of marketing copyright material and enforcing copyrights in the Japanese market.


This paper applies insights from theoretical and empirical research in economic growth to analyze the impacts of policies affecting fertility, migration and human capital accumulation on growth and poverty alleviation. It underlines the tradeoff between having more children and investing more resources in the human capital of each child as a critical force in devising policies that will alleviate hardship and generate long-term prosperity. In developing countries, policies increasing the return to education would trigger a virtuous cycle of fertility control, investment in education, poverty alleviation, and economic growth. Moreover, permitting migration of high skilled individuals to developed countries would mitigate the issues associated with aging populations in those societies, while encouraging human capital formation in developing countries.


Effective Health Care s A Health of the Nation target is to reduce by one third the death rate from unintentional injury in children aged 14 and under by the year 2005. s There is good evidence that the use of cycle helmets and child car seat restraints can reduce serious injury to children involved in road traffic accidents. s Urban road safety measures such as the provision of crossing patrollers, measures to redistribute traffic and improve the safety of individual roads can reduce the rate and severity of childhood accidents. s The use of safety devices in the home such as smoke detectors, child resistant containers and thermostat control for tap water can reduce the risks of home injuries. Targeting of households at higher risk combined with home visits, education and the free distribution of devices is likely to make the most impact. s Educational programmes by themselves appear to have little effect. However, a number of community programmes which involve local participation and use a broad range of interventions have been effective at reducing childhood injuries from a wide variety of causes. These need to be based on accurate data derived from surveillance systems.


Abstrcat It is very important for the teachers who are engaged in education to master the skill of sound usage. It does not only influence directly the quality of teaching, but also relate to protecting the youth and charm of voice or not. It's a kind of skill and ability mastered only by scientifically training. After the training of sound production, the teachers do not only develop greatly the ability of linguistic sound production, but also beautify their own voice, and enrich their own expression of voice.


Criegee rearrangement of 5α-hydroperoxy-6-estren-17-one gave 6-oxa-B-homo-4,7-estradien-17-one. This confirms that, in this rearrangement the alkenyl group has a greater migratory aptitude than the alkyl group.


To understand the patterns of genetic, geographical and morphological diversification in the Arabian gecko subspecies Pristurus rupestris rupestris, and to discuss the various processes that generate and shape diversity in arid mountain ranges.


A novel method for fabricating curved frequency selective surfaces with undevelopable curved shape using 3D printing technology was proposed in this paper. First, FSS composed of Y slotted elements that adapt to 0° ~ 70 ° incidences was designed. Then, the 3D model of the curved FSS was created in a 3D modeling software. Next, the 3D model was digitalized into stl format file and then the stl file was inputted into a stereo lithography 3D printer. Next, the prototype of the curved FSS was fabricated by the 3D printer layer by layer. Finally, a 10 μm thick aluminum film was coated on the outer surface of the prototype of the curved FSS by a vacuum coater. The transmission performance of the metallised curved FSS was tested using free space method. It was shown that frequency selection characteristic of the metallised curved FSS reached the requirements of simulation design. The pass-band was in the Ku-band and the transmission rate on center frequency was 63% for nose cone incident direction. This method provides a new way to apply the FSS to arbitrary curved electromagnetic window.


Abstract Questions concerning the convergence of Padé and best rational approximations are considered from a categorical point of view in the complete metric space of entire functions. The set of functions for which a subsequence of the mth row of the Padé table converges uniformly on compact subsets of the complex plane is shown to be residual. The speed of convergence of best uniform rational approximations and Padé approximations on the unit disc is compared. It is shown that, in a categorical sense, it is expected that subsequences of these approximants will converge at the same rate. Likewise, it is expected that the poles of certain sequences of best uniform rational approximations wil be dense in the entire plane.


Moscow State University is developing a project for a multi-satellite constellation intended for the monitoring of space radiation. A number of small satellites of CubeSat format were launched into selected orbits crossing the wide range of magnetic drift shells. The primary scope for the project is the operational monitoring of near-Earth's radiation environment, i.e., fluxes of electrons and protons of Earth's radiation belts and energetic particles of solar and galactic origin. To date, there are four CubeSat satellites operating in near-Earth orbits, which deliver scientific and telemetric data. Thus, for the first time, a unique multi-satellite constellation has been implemented, which makes it possible to simultaneously measure the particle and quantum fluxes at different areas in the near-Earth space using the same type of instruments. A special compact detector of gamma quanta and energetic charged particles (electrons and protons) DeCoR has been developed to carry out radiation monitoring by CubeSats. With their help, observations of various effects of space weather have been made. These effects include a variety of electron fluxes in the outer belt during geomagnetic activity in late November–early December 2021, filling of polar caps by solar energetic particles accelerated in flares occurring in late October–early November, and the existence of stable electron fluxes near the geomagnetic equator.


This work is about public spaces in Lilongwe, assuming that public space is determined by the public urban life being lived in a given context. It is, therefore, strongly shaped by local cultures, lifestyles, and everyday occurrences. As such public space is less understood as a physical entity but more as a performative practice (Sennett 2017) and a platform for social intersections (Simone 2010). This work traces these unacknowledged public spaces by Lilongwe's urban planning sector. It explores where the publics in Lilongwe can be found instead and how they create and shape public space in the city, including water kiosks, the Labor Office, Kachere in Chinsapo, WhatsApp groups, a churches square in Kauma, Bawo players at the Craft Market, the Area 13 Market, and a home plot in a high density residential area. The latter three are presented in more in-depth case studies while the other examples serve more as introductory case studies for further research.

None of the case studies presented aim to be exhaustive but are utilized to make a point with regard to public urban life and potential interpretations of public space which are, finally, assembled in five Food For Thoughts. These aim to inspire future decision-making processes concerned with public urban life or public spaces, especially in Lilongwe's urban planning sector. Moreover, they can, for one, fill up the void created by the absence of public space debates and, secondly, not only fill it up but fill it up with ideas that are deeply connected to local public urban life and not imported from other, foreign, or EuroAmerican practices. In this manner, this work further aims to show how the legacy of colonial town planning and dominant global practices in urban planning can be challenged by adopting a southern perspective that is based on truly local insights (De Boeck 2016; Myers 2011; Roy 2009; Watson 2009). Looking at local public urban life can subsequently also serve as a foundation for a more grounded understanding of Lilongwe's urbanity (Jenkins 2013). What kind of city is Lilongwe, after all? The answer most likely lies somewhere between neatly collected statistics as well as everyday practices that do not fit into single digits or words. But one can assume that the answer does not lie in any of the currently circulating master plans, land use plans, and zoning schemes as neither addresses Lilongwe's publics although it so profoundly determines a city's urbanity.


The distributions of PAH and soot particles were measured for multi-concentric ethylene diffusion flames with an annular flame inside and with an inverse diffusion flame attached at the center nozzle in addition to an annular flame. Temperatures of soot particles in flames were also measured by a modulated LⅡ technique. The presence of an annular flame inside increased the flame temperature at the soot formation region and resulted in the increase of PAH and soot concentrations. The maximum soot volume fraction, however, was decreased mostly due to the rapid oxidation of soot particles at the soot oxidation region. The addition of an inverse diffusion flame inside of an annular flame significantly decreased PAH and soot concentrations all over the flame. The oxidation of soot precursors including PAH as well as significantly increased flame temperature due to the flame-flame interaction could be the primary reason for the decreased soot volume fraction with annular and inverse diffusion flames inside.


Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the effect of magnification devices (MDs) during nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCT) on quality of life (QOL) among dental professionals of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The dental practitioners performing endodontic treatment were evaluated for ergonomic, postural, psychological, and financial issues associated with and without the use of MDs. Materials and Methodology: A total of 1650 dental professionals (general dentists and endodontists) were recruited from public and private sectors of Saudi Arabia from October 2021 to December 2021. The World Health Organization's QOL assessment questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was administered to conduct the study. The questionnaire addressed four domains of QOL which included physical, psychological, procedural, and financial. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software® version 23.0. Descriptive analysis, ANOVA test, and unpaired t-test were used. Results: All dental professionals completed the survey. 41.5% reported the use of MDs out of which dental loupe was most commonly used. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders were the most frequent physical difficulty which was faced by 61.5% of dental practitioners while performing RCT. 80% of DPs revealed that MDs improve manual abilities while performing RCT. MDs also relieved psychological, physical, and postural stress by 49.2%, 64.6%, and 63%, respectively. Further 72% of the dental professionals reported improved quality of work after the usage of MD. Conclusion: MDs are commonly used by dental professionals during RCT in Saudi Arabia. It is believed that its use can lead to a better ergonomic, postural, and psychological state of these dental professionals.


A DOS (Denial of Service) attack, as its name suggests, denies or blocks access to certain services by flooding either the bandwidth of a specified network or by targeting its connectivity. There are much security challenges in mobile cloud computing. Cloud indicates a period of the computing where the services, which are an application, are made available by the internet. Cloud based computing is very adjustable and cheap as to providing a platform for various IT services. The mobile systems can hinge on the cloud based computing with mobile agents and can undertake various processes such as the searching or storing, etc. While it's very economic, it has many challenges such as the security. Various researches have been carried out to build a secure mobile cloud based computing. In this paper, we have viewed and analyzed the DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks in depth to prevent it in the mobile cloud computing.


Based on the customer satisfaction theory and previous research, this paper has carried out research on the customer satisfaction of Yuantong Express Wuchang Branch(YEWB) from micro-level perspective; constructed the customer satisfaction assessment model and used questionnaire survey combined with analytical hierarchy process to carry out customer satisfaction calculation as well as propose improvement suggestions and methods on the basis of customer satisfaction status.


ABSTRACT The biosynthetic pathways of bacterial cellulose (BC) in Acetobacter xylinum were precisely examined by using culture media containing D-(l-13C)glucose, (2-13C)glucose or (6-13C)glucose as the carbon source. Quantitative analysis of the NMR spectra of the glucose hydrolyzed from synthesized BC allows us to estimate the percentage of which metabolic pathway the fed glucose pass through, such as the pentose phosphate cycle (PC) and Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. The results indicated that the rate of direct polymerization (DP) of glucose intensely increased to 47% by ethanol addition compared to the standard (16%). The other pathways (PC and ED) decreased to 30% from 35%, to 8% from 41%, respectively. From these results, it is considered that the role of ethanol is to act as the energy source for proliferation of cells instead of PC or ED pathways and a large part of the glucose which does not pass through PC or ED is used for BC production through DP.


Properties of H2O water vapor pumping by glow discharge sputtering with a LaB6 cold cathode are studied experimentally. For the purpose of developing a new type of sputter ion pump, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) is applied as the cathode material on the basis of a preliminary study. The application of LaB6 as the cathode of sputter discharge was proposed at first to obtain a low outgassing wall for a plasma vacuum chamber. The experiments showed that the vacuum chamber with the LaB6 sputter coating reached a lower ultimate pressure than that without the coating. LaB6 coating by glow discharge on a stainless steel wall is effective to reduce the H2O outgassing rate of a vacuum wall as shown by mass spectrometric analysis. The pumping speed of H2O by the coated wall is estimated experimentally. Characterization of the LaB6 coated films is also made by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.


Sixteen technical notes are compiled coveering: Apertures other than Northlights; Design of pile caps; thermal insulation of roofs of industrial buildings; room heating by solar energy; charging device for small capacity lime kilns; waste water disposal system for rural areas; low cost sound absorbing materials; solar space heating system; pedestal piles for low cost houses; solar timber seasoning kiln; design of cold storage for fruits and vegetables; techniques for improved thatch roofs; resilient floors for structural noise reduction; plastic composite panels for partition claddings and flush doors; chimney design for domestic kitchens; and a cheap and effective fire retardant treatment for paddy thatch/coconut leaves/palmyrah thatch. The notes give brief descriptions of the design and use of the materials and techniques covered.


A pressure-induced structural phase transition of indium has been found at 45 GPa using angle-dispersive powder-x-ray-diffraction techniques. The crystal structure of the high-pressure phase In(II) has been determined to be face-centered orthorhombic, which is stable to at least 93 GPa. In(II) is heavily deformed under uniaxial stress. While the volume change at the transition is very close to zero, the transition is likely to be first-order, judging from the coexistence of the low- and high-pressure phases over a wide range of pressure. The structure of In(II) is related to the low-pressure tetragonal phase through a simple orthorhombic distortion, which is in good accord with the structural trends expected from a previous pseudopotential theory.


Revision History since last PARP submission: 08/10/2018 This CPB has been revised to state that: (i) transient elastography (e.g., FibroScan) and FibroTest-ActiTest/HCV-FibroSure are considered medically necessary for distinguishing hepatic cirrhosis from non-cirrhosis in persons with hereditary hemochromatosis; (ii) transient elastography is considered experimental and investigational for detection of esophageal varices in individuals with cirrhosis, diagnosis of glycogenic hepatopathy, and diagnosis of portal hypertension; (iii) magnetic resonance elastography is considered experimental and investigational for prediction of ascites in persons with chronic liver disease; (iv) hepatic artery resistive index for evaluation of fibrosis progression in individuals with NAFLD; (v) serum angiotensin converting enzyme for liver fibrosis; (vi) serum miR-29a and miR-122 for diagnosis of NAFLD; and (vii) serum miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 for progression of liver fibrosis. 07/25/2019 – Next tentative scheduled review date by Corporate.


Spatial and seasonal variation of physico-chemical parameters of mountain streams is influenced by anthropogenic pollution pressure. The assessment of Cuejdi river water quality from Stânişoarei Mountains through 13 parameters, was performed. 30 samples each were collected during spring and autumn of 2013/2014, measurements being made both in situ aquatic ecosystem (Multi 350i / SET WTW) and in laboratory (bench meter Hanna HI 4421, Titroline 700 SI Analytics and WTW Turb 555IR).


156 oronary artery fistulas are unusual congenital heart anomalies in which blood is shunted into a cardiac chamber. Left coronary artery fistulas draining in to the left ventricle are even more unusual.1 They usually arise from the right coronary artery, and their clinical importance depends on the type of fistula, site of the shunt, shunt volume, and presence of additional cardiac conditions. Myocardial bridging is a compression of epicardial coronary artery between myocardial fibers during each systole. It usually occurs in the left anterior descending artery, however, right coronary artery distribution bridging is a rare phenomenon.2 Angiographic studies have revealed incidences ranging between 0.5% and 12%. Circumflex Coronary Artery Fistulae with Myocardial Bridging in the Right Coronary Artery: Case Report


PURPOSE
Ramp tests are continuously increasing exercise tests used for the determination of maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O 2 max ), which is identifiable by a plateau in oxygen uptake despite increasing mechanical power output (LOAD). On wind-braked rowing ergometers (RowErg), it is hardly feasible to ensure a continuous increase in LOAD until test termination, as neither resistance nor stroke frequency is externally adjustable but depends on the rower. To enable ramp tests on RowErg, the authors produced visual stroke-by-stroke feedback showing target and actual LOAD to the rower. The software supports automatic test termination (TERMauto) if LOAD ceases to increase. The authors aimed to evaluate linearity of the LOAD increment and calculate the difference between TERMauto and test duration at subjective exhaustion.

MATERIALS
Twenty-eight highly trained male rowers performed a ramp test until subjective exhaustion on RowErg, targeting an increment of 35 W·min-1. LOAD was measured as work per time via external force and position sensors and visualized on a computer screen. TERMauto was deactivated, but all data were logged. Test duration at subjective exhaustion was subsequently compared with virtual test duration at TERMauto calculated from the log files.

RESULTS
Regression between time and LOAD was y = 167 + 34.6 W (r = .99). Individual correlations ranged from .97 to 1.0. TERMauto caused 12- to 35-s-shorter test durations than subjective exhaustion in 4 rowers, leading to an underestimation in V ˙ O 2 max not higher than 1.2% or 3.7%.

CONCLUSION
This setup allows one to perform ramp tests on RowErg with continuously increasing LOAD until TERMauto. In particular cases V ˙ O 2 max might be slightly underestimated at TERMauto.


Interdependence has been enlarging common national interests among states in the Asia Pacific, while particular interests of any individual state should not be neglected. Cooperation among states in the Asia Pacific has thus three different levels and types respectively. And the key to promote and stabilize cooperation is to identify and preserve national interests in a correct way and to improve institutionalized arrangements.


Technology holds complex temporalities and its uncompromising persistence is one of them. Its upkeep and "unmaking" (19) are however rarely included in its narratives, owing in part to a prevailing preoccupation with innovation and a structural disregard for the "afterlife" (14) of things. In two substantial opening chapters, written by editors Stefan Krebs, Assistant Professor in Contemporary History and Head of Public History at the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (CDH) of the University of Luxembourg, and Heike Weber, Professor of History of Technology at the Technische Universit€ at Berlin, The Persistence of Technology: Histories of Repair, Reuse and Disposal builds an argument for a temporal perspective of technology, including a historicity of repair. Ten ensuing case studies of technologies that shaped the twentieth century substantiate the argument and illustrate how maintenance, repair, reuse, and disposal are central to technology's Anneke Coppoolse is Assistant Professor of Visual Communication Design in the College of Fine Arts at Hongik University in Seoul, South Korea. firstname.lastname@example.com © 2022 Anneke Coppoolse DOI: 10.1080/17547075.2022.2038974


In this paper, we describe the main tasks and objectives implementing web 2.0 technologies at the state government under a study case. This paper shows how web 2.0 and web 3.0 technologies help government to increase effectiveness, cost effectiveness and improve communications between the back-office and the front office.


The objective of our paper is to compare the training requirements between alternative tourism development strategies, which are differentiated by the quality of service offered. We focus on the case of the Balearic Islands. We use an original database that consists on a representative sample of the Balearic hotel establishments. It collects data from both employers and employees. Our data allows us to identify the differences in the workers' job characteristics, as well as differences in human capital, both in education and in on the job training, depending on the category of the hotel. We use a discrete choice model in order to identify both the employer and the employee characteristics that determine the provision of training. We conclude that the formal educational endowment is not a strong constraint for the mobility of workers between category groups, and we show that on the job training has a role to play in the transition between alternative tourism development strategies. * The authors are currently working at the University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa, km. 7,5. Palma de Mallorca, Baleares. Spain. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com. Fax: 34-918.104.22.168 The authors are grateful to the financial support given by the Conselleria de Treball from the local government of the Balearic Islands. This institution gave us the opportunity to construct the database used in this paper.


Objective To explore the effect of combination of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and medicine on patients with radiation encephalopathy.Methods 76 patients with radiation encephalopathy were divided into the trial group (combination of HBO and medicine) and the control group(medicine only) .The curative effects were evaluated and compared.Results In the trial group,the total effective rate was 89.5%,and in the control group,it was 58%.The deference of effective rate was significant (P0.05).Conclusions HBO is an effective,important and auxiliary treatment for patients with radiation encephalopathy.


Ihe c-tree sampling method has been proposed in the past as a rapid approaeh to estimate forest stand parameters. However, the use of c-tree sampljng is not as simple as previously theught, In order to use it, we sh,ould have a broad knowledge on statistical methodology ancl estimators as well as on spatial patterns and their indices. Otherwise, the use of c-tree sampling could lead into wrong cenclusions. 1)epending on exhibited spatial patterns and the type of estimator, c-tree sarnpling can yield a relatively high bias. Difficu1ties associated with accessing information n spatial patterns have been a reason to favoring robust estimators and there was a need to derive a new estimator of tree density which would be applicable in forest plantations. Density estimates with a newly derived estimator, named te as the "GM estimator", are compared with those obtained with the (c -O.5) estimator and the (c 1) estimator. The results have shown that the GM estimator ean be used in a wide range of populations exhibiting regular spatial patterns; spatial patterns ranging from highly regular to those of random, 1this study is a step forward in prometing the use of c-tree sampling in forestry


This study investigated the effects of a multienzyme complex containing protease and carbohydrase enzymes on the performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens under different rearing conditions from 1 to 42 d of age. Two experimental starter and finisher wheat-soybean meal based diets were used in a two-phase feeding programme, as follows: control diet (C); control diet plus 0.05% multienzyme complex of protease and carbohydrase enzymes (Vegpro) (VP). At location 1, broilers were raised in battery cages located in an experimental pen, without contact with litter. At location 2, broilers were raised in floor pens built in a commercial farm, and had contact with litter. At location 3, broilers were raised in commercial farms. In general, no differences in growth performance, feed intake or feed conversion ratio were observed in broiler chickens fed on the different diets at location 1. Only, the average daily feed intake from 22 to 42 d was significantly higher in the VP group compared with the C treatment (P<0.01). In addition, the final body weight of the VP group was numerically greater than that of the birds fed with the control diet, although the inclusion of the multienzyme complex did not cause significant effects. However, the ileal digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein were enhanced (P<0.05) by VP in the case of broilers in floor pens (+2.5% and +2.7% for DM and CP, respectively) and in the commercial farm (+4.4% and +6% for the DM and CP, respectively) at 42 d of age, as well as faecal digestibity of the VP diet in experimental pen. It seemed that the effectiveness of the multienzyme complex on digestibility was higher when conditions of hygiene were poorer and stress was frequent. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the multienzyme complex of protease and carbohydrase enzymes might be effective for improving nutrient digestibility in broilers fed with a wheat-soybean meal based diet under commercial farm conditions.


In essence, nihilism is the negation of traditional western metaphysics and the negation of the western civilization. Nietzsche's understanding of nihilism firstly was to associate the nihilism with the Platonism which was the origins of western metaphysics, and then he pointed out that the final result of Platonism was nihilism. On this basis, Nietzsche criticized the previous all values in hierarchy and set up the new highest value namely the will to power, in order to overcome the European nihilism. However, the highest value which is called the will to power by Nietzsche still fell into the stereotype of metaphysics of subjectivity. By questioning the being, Heidegger overcame the traditional metaphysics and nihilism, but his philosophy only strengthened the metaphysics of subjectivity at a higher level in essence, so Heidegger did not fundamentally overcame the traditional metaphysics and European nihilism. In the context of western philosophy, only abandoning itself by the metaphysics of subjectivity, it could fundamentally overcome the problems of nihilism.


Pleural effusion secondary to lymphedema may be chronic, symptomatic and refractory to treatment, occasionally requiring invasive and painful procedures such as chemical pleurodesis, open pleural abrasion or pleurectomy to achieve control of the effusion and gain symptomatic relief. We report a patient with yellow nail syndrome and chronic pleural effusion successfully treated with pleuroperitoneal shunting.


Linear texture information is an important sort of information of remote sensing image. Extracting linear texture information from image automatically is a necessary issue for remote sensing image intelligent interpretation. In this paper, the types of image linear texture information are extracted based on feature-object expert system and this expert system has been designed and implemented. Key technologies such as system structure, interpretation rule acquirement and expression, the design of message-based reasoning and explanation machine, are disscused. At the same time, the experiment based on this system is verified. The result shows that this method is operable and practicable, and the extraction accuracy is high.


The introductory part of the article is devoted to a brief overview of the typical methods of raising funds for a company's capital. Then, I compared The pros and cons of each approach. Further, the author introduces the company's new fundraising – through the merger with a SPAC (from now on referred to as the merger with SPAC). The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this option for a company to enter public capital markets or raise capital in a company compared to the already traditional methods – raising private capital and entering public capital markets through an IPO. As a result of this comparison, the author concludes that the merger with SPAC has the advantages of both classical options for raising capital, without their disadvantages, which makes this option a unique offer on the market. Statistical data confirmed this conclusion. The separate section in the article is devoted to the peculiarities and complexities of the merge with SPAC. The advantages of the merger with SPAC for the leading Russian companies compared with other types of capital raising are separately highlighted, and the contrast between the placement on the MICEX and the merger with SPAC. The article also presents statistics on the public capital market and the impact on the public market of the new opportunity for companies to go public. In the final section of the article, the author discloses the chain of events that brought the merger with a SPAC such a fame and popularity at the current moment in time. The article resulted in an explanation of the attractiveness of institutional investors' investment of funds in companies that have chosen the merger with a SPAC as a potentiality for entering public capital markets.


An emulsified oil as plant pesticide is prepared up through such technological steps as extracting active component from celastrus angulatus by organic solvent infiltration, dissolving in organic solvent and addition of three-element mixed emulsifier. It features high insecticidal effect and its appearance is like agricultural chemicals.


A series of isoxazole derivatives, 3-aryl-5-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]-2,3-dihydroisoxazoles (5a-j) were synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction between 1-aryl-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]prop-2-en-1-ones (4a-j) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid at reflux temperature. Formerly, compounds (4a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde (3) with various aromatic ketones by using alkali as catalyst. The structures of the synthesized various isoxazole have been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared,1H-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity towards Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 40 µg/ml. It was exposed that the compounds 5a, 5c, 5e, 5f, and 5i showed inspiring antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.


Impact of Pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus on Survival From Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States: A Population Based Study By Yao Tian Background: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dismal, and the impact of pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on HCC survival is still disputable. Our study aim is to investigate the impact of pre-existing DM on the survival of patients with HCC and further explore whether the impact varies among HCC patients with/without hepatitis in the U.S. Methods: We identified 6,789 HCC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database from 2000 through 2009. At least two separate claims in the three year window prior to HCC diagnosis were required to confirm a diagnosis of DM. Patients with only one claim in the window were classified as possible DM while those with no claims were classified as no pre-existing DM. The outcome in this study was survival time, and it was defined as the time in months from diagnosis until death from HCC or censoring. Multivariable modeling of survival was performed using Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between DM and HCC survival, and interaction between DM and hepatitis was examined using the likelihood ratio (LR) test based on full and reduced multivariable Cox models. The primary analysis was conducted excluding the possible DM group and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to reexamine the association between DM and survival incorporating the individuals with possible DM. Results: In primary analysis, there were 3,262 HCC patients classified with pre-existing DM and 2,910 patients without pre-existing DM. After adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, DM was associated with increased risk of death from HCC (hazard ratio=1.118, 95% confidence interval: 1.060, 1.180). No statistically significant interaction was observed between DM and hepatitis status. Results from the sensitivity analysis were similar to the primary analysis. Conclusion: Pre-existing DM was associated with increased risk of death for HCC patients diagnosed after 68 years old in the Medicare population. No significant interaction between chronic hepatitis B/C infection and pre-existing DM on HCC survival was observed in this population.


This paper audits current showcasing rehearses in the drug area, and their effect on customer what's more, specialist conduct. It recognizes negative effects which incorporate deceiving promoting, sickness mongering and raising expenses. It contends the need to move from industry self-guideline to an autonomously observed code of training for drug showcasing.


Educational assessment, as it is typically conducted in U.S. schools, does not successfully capture or build on potentially important content knowledge and understanding of Indigenous students. In fact, current policies (such as the No Child Left Behind Act, 2002) are interfering with the implementation of many of the things we know about making assessments appropriate for Native students. This paper draws from the authors' extensive experience working with Indigenous teachers and communities to discuss how their well-developed ways of knowing, learning, and problem solving can be understood and utilized in the analyses of student processes and products. The paper explores some of the cultural perspectives and culture-related strengths exhibited by Indigenous learners and shows how awareness of them can lead to a reduction in bias and inequity in assessment. It also explores the issues in the context of some of the historical and sociocultural factors that have affected the schooling of American Indians and Alaska Natives. Suggestions are offered regarding research that could contribute to identification of strategies for improving educational outcomes for these students. New research would build on what we know to be effective and take cues from what has worked successfully for English language learners who face challenges similar to Native students.