Treatment of the four-electron alkyne cation [Mo(η2-PhC2Ph){P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5)][BF4] with K[BHBus3] affords the η2-vinyl or metallacyclopropene complex [[graphic omitted]HPh}{P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5)](2). The related complexes [[graphic omitted]HPh}{P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5)](3),[[graphic omitted]H(C6H4Me-4)}{P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5)](4), [[graphic omitted]H(C6H4Me-4)}{P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5)](5), and [[graphic omitted]Ph2}{P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5)](6) are obtained on reaction of the corresponding lithium diarylcuprate with the respective alkyne cation [Mo(η2-R1C2R2){P(OMe)3}2(η2-C5H5)][BF4](R1= But, R2= H; R1= Pri, R2= H; R1= Me, R2= Ph). The structures of (2), (3), and (6) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The molecules show close similarities; each has a molybdenum atom to which a vinyl moiety is co-ordinated via one short and one long Mo–C bond. These molecules may be described either as η2(3e)-vinyl or metallacyclopropene complexes. The orientation of the C2 vinyl group relative to the Mo{P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5) fragment is discussed in terms of the torsion angles. In (2) and (3), Cα of the vinyl group lies closer to the plane of the η-C5H5, ligand than does Cβ, whereas in (6) the reverse orientation is observed. The solution n.m.r. spectra of (2) and (3) have distinct 31P environments, whereas in (6) the phosphorus environments are equivalent. This is discussed in terms of a rotational movement, an extended Huckel molecular orbital analysis suggesting that the orientation and fluxional behaviour of the η2-vinyl ligands parallel those of the related alkyne complexes. Reaction of [Mo(η2-PhC2CH2Ph){P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5)][BF4] with K[BHBus3] affords a separable mixture of isomeric complexes [[graphic omitted]HPh}{P(OMe)3}2(η-C5H5)], which differ only in the orientation of the η2-vinyl moiety. The complex (6) slowly rearranges in solution to an η3-allylic complex this being explained in terms of an η2 to σ change in the bonding mode of the vinyl ligand. A similar transformation is suggested to explain the formation of η3- allylic complexes on reaction of [Mo(η2-RC2H){P(OMe)3};2(η-C5H5)][BF4](R = But or Pri) with LiCuMe2. Extension of the dimethyl- or diphenyl-cuprate reactions to the cations [Mo(η2- R1C2R2){P(OMe)3}2(η-5H5)][BF4] provides evidence for competing reaction pathways involving either direct attack on the metal centre or on a co-ordinated alkyne carbon. The regioselectivity of the latter reaction is discussed in terms of steric and electronic effects.


International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project ( ISCCP) monthly data of cloud parameters for the monsoon season (June-September) for the period 1984 -90 are used to examine the relationship between de p convection and sea surface temperature (SST) over the north In dian ocean (0 °-25° N, 50° E-100° E). During the monsoon season, at SSTs above ~25.2 ° C, the high clouds amount (HCA) increases systemat ically with SST. At the SST threshold (SST Th) of 27.6° C when the probability of occurrence of deep conve ction becomes ≥ 50%, the increase of HCA with SST is rapid. However, at very warm SSTs (SSTs above 29 ° C), the HCA decreases significantly with increase in SST. The HCA-SST relationship over north Indian ocean has si gnificant spatial variation. Over Bay of Bengal, as the SSTs are always high, the overlying circulation has the grea ter importance than SSTs it self in controlling the development and variation of deep convection. Over north Arabian se a, persistent upper air subsidence motion suppresse s development of deep convection. In south Arabian sea, the deep con ve tion is influenced by both SSTs and overlying ci rculation. The SSTTh for the north Indian ocean found to be, in effect, qual to that for the southeast Arabian sea. Duri ng 1984-90, the SSTTh shows significant interannual (1.2 ° C) variation. Among the monsoon seasons of this p eriod, the highest SST Th of 28.8° C was observed during 1987.


In 2013/14 eastern South America experienced one of its worst droughts, leading to water shortages in São Paulo, the world’s fourth most populated city. This event was also responsible for a dengue fever outbreak that tripled the usual number of fatalities and reduced Brazilian coffee production leading to a global shortages and worldwide price increases. The drought was associated with an anomalous anticyclonic circulation off southeast South America that prevented synoptic systems reaching the region while inhibiting the development of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone and its associated rainfall. A concomitant and unprecedented marine heatwave also developed in the southwest Atlantic. Here we show from observations that such droughts and adjacent marine heatwaves have a common remote cause. Atmospheric blocking triggered by tropical convection in the Indian and Pacific oceans can cause persistent anticyclonic circulation that not only leads to severe drought but also generates marine heatwaves in the adjacent ocean. We show that increased shortwave radiation due to reduced cloud cover and reduced ocean heat loss from weaker winds are the main contributors to the establishment of marine heatwaves in the region. The proposed mechanism, which involves droughts, extreme air temperature over land and atmospheric blocking explains approximately 60% of the marine heatwave events in the western South Atlantic. We also identified an increase in frequency, duration, intensity and extension of marine heatwave events over the satellite period 1982–2016. Moreover, surface primary production was reduced during these events with implications for regional fisheries.


For purposes of this st tidy, Inicro-adaptations of established fluoromet nc and spect rophotometric methods were developed for quantitative measurement in tnicrotome sections of tissue of NADPH- and NADH-dependent dichlorophenolindophenol reductases (diaphorases) and quinoite reductases, and also of NAI)PH and NADH oxidases and NAI)PH-NAD transhydrogenase. Correlations of the enzyme activities with the histology of the rat adrenal gland were made, both in glands from animals injected with ACTH and from control animals given saline injections. The functional significance of the results was considered in relation to electroll transport and hormone biosynthesis in the organ.


The revised and enhanced version of the new European Settlement Map is presented together with the first results. An added-value to the previous versions is the improved automatic detection of buildings, automatic extraction of water, extraction of building typology and an information layer allowing to derive city indicators. The ESM workflow is fully automatic and runs on the Joint Research Centre Earth Observation Data and Processing Platform.


Non-human centralism has invoked drastic debate in law circle.The theory of animal′s subject status advocated that the subject doesn′t belong to humanity and current criterion of legal subject should be overturned.The theory of animal′s object status refuted that the subject belongs to humanity merely and legal mansion won't be destroyed by the theory of animal′s subject status that its essence is a sort of human centralism.


In this paper, the solvability of output regulation problems for linear systems is studied again. Based on the dynamic state feedback, which includes the full state feedback as a special case, the method of the eigenstructure assignment is used to show that the solvability of the output regulation is equal to the solvability of generalized regulator equations without additional assumptions. Moreover, a computational algorithm is developed for the construction of feedback regulators. Simulation studies are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed.


Graphing is fundamental in the scientific process. Scales are key but little-studied components of graphs. Using a "fine-grained constructivist" perspective, we investigated the resources undergraduate students activate in constructing a scale for difficult data sets ranging over 10 or more orders of magnitude. Following a constant comparison method, we identified resources including: show all elements, zoom in, ratio, halving, and conversion. Students also used their knowledge of bar graphs, histograms, and logarithmic, powers of ten, and linear scales as resources, at times inappropriately. Implications for instruction are outlined. Student Resources for Scale Construction Graphing is a fundamental part of the scientific process. Scales are key but little-researched components of graphs. We investigate the resources that undergraduate students activate in constructing a scale for difficult data sets, adopting a "fine-grained constructivist" perspective (Elby, 2000). We use difficult tasks to preclude students' simply following well-known procedures. Identifying students' resources for representation and building upon them in the classroom should lead to deeper understanding of conventional graphing practices.


We considered conditions of patients' medical radiation exposure in Russian diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine basing on the data of our own research, of the Unified system of individual dose control and of some relevant literature. We analyzed the data on the number of diagnostic examinations, patients' individual and collective doses and their distribution by examination types. Time trends of the studied parameters are presented for the period between 1999 and 2013. Current level of Russian patients' medical exposure is the lowest over the whole observation period and one of the lowest among the developed countries. The annual number of X-ray diagnostic examinations is 1.8 per capita. In 2013 median effective dose of medical exposure per capita in Russia was 0.45 mSv and median dose per procedure was 0.25 mSv. The major contribution to collective dose of medical exposure was from computed tomography and radiography; the largest individual doses were caused by interventional radiology, computed X-Ray and nuclear medicine tomographic examinations. The range of median doses comprises about four orders of magnitude, i.e. from several microSv in dental X-ray examinations up to several tens of milliSv in interventional and multistage tomographic examinations. The median effective dose of adult patients increases by about an order of magnitude with each transition from dental X-ray examinations to conventional radiology and further to computed tomography and interventional radiology examinations. During interventional X-Ray examinations, absorbed skin doses at radiation beam entrance site may reach several Gray, which may lead to deterministic radiation effects in skin and subcutaneous tissues. Due to replacement of low-dose 'functional' nuclear medicine examinations with more informative modern scintigraphy and tomography examination, patient doses substantially increased over the last decade. With current trend for re-equipment of Russian diagnostic facilities with modern sophisticated equipment one may expect a substantial increase of diagnostic X-ray services, especially of computed tomography, and the associated increase of medical exposure in the coming years. In order to prevent increased medical radiation exposure of patients, which took place in some leading countries, it is necessary to pay attention to patient radiation protection, including justification of examinations and protection optimization. The priority issue is the patient protection at examinations with the increased radiation doses: interventional, computed tomography and radionuclide tomography, especially when combined with X-ray.


OBJETIVO: A case of Turner's syndrome mosaicism who became pregnant with oocyte donation and embryo transfer is presented. SETTING: Ricardo Palma Clinic Assisted Reproduction Center: MATERIAL AD METHODS: 32 year-old patient with Turner's syndrome 45,X/47,XXX/46,XX and primary infertility. The endometrium was prepared for implantation with increasing doses of estradiol valerate 2 to 8 mg/daily, until endometrial thickness was obtained and retrieval day was calculated. Luteal support was with transvaginal micronized progesterone 1200 mg/daily. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was done with GnRH analogs and FSHr. Nine eggs were retrieved, 5 used and 3 embryos transferred in the next 48 hours. Currently the patient carried a II trimester twin pregnancy. CONCLUSIONs: In vitro fertilization with oocyte donation is an alternative for infertility in Turner's syndrome. The intrauterine embryo transfer can be performed in patients with normal uterine cavity.


Provided are a password information authentication method, a password information authentication system, and a terminal, said password information authentication method comprising: upon obtaining an instruction to run a designated process, determining the type of operating system to which the designated process belongs, and preset biometric feature information corresponding to the operating system type (102); obtaining biometric feature information inputted by a user in connection with the designated process (104); determining whether the biometric feature information matches the preset biometric feature information (106); if it is determined that the biometric feature information matches the preset biometric feature information, then determining the password information authentication to be successful and running the designated process, said biometric feature information comprising any combination of any one or several of fingerprint feature information, iris feature information, facial feature information, and voice feature information (108). The method improves data security in terminals having multiple operating systems; at the same time, the steps of encryption and decryption are simplified, improving user experience.


Ninety-seven Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effects of season and stage of lactation on physiological measurements, behavior, and milk production. Skin and rectal temperatures and respiration rates were lowest in winter and highest in summer. Skin temperatures increased .39°C per degree rise in ambient temperature, whereas rectal temperature and respiration rate changed .017°C and 1.74 breaths/min per degree increase in air temperature. Eating activity in winter was 5.6 h and decreased to 4.2 h during summer. Lying activity decreased from winter to summer, whereas standing activity increased. Drinking, defecation, and urination frequency increased from winter to summer. Monthly milk yield was highest during the spring and lowest in winter. Highest milk yield for early and midlactation cows was in the spring, whereas late lactation cows performed best in the summer. Midlactation cows were most adversely affected by summer conditions, and early and late lactation cows were most affected by winter conditions. These data show differential response of cows in different stages of lactation to changes in the environment.


The exponential growth in medical knowledge 16 millions citations in the MEDLINE database in 2007 and more than 30 millions in 2020–along with technological advances in both diagnostics and therapeutics have been essential drivers of medical specialization throughout the past decades [1]. Specialization is a logical consequence of the evolution of Medicine (and Surgery), but it is probable that overspecialization may carry significant drawbacks [2,3]. In surgery for instance, early (and too important) specialization may lead to poor surgical training and the inability to change to a new subspecialty or to address more "general" surgical problems. Furthermore, overspecialization can become an invitation to medical overconsumption, considering that there is always room for another (more specialized) medical opinion [2]. The field of Dental Medicine has not been forgotten in the era of medical specialization and a number of practitioners opt for a practice limited to a specific subspecialty (endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics, pedodontics, aesthetic dentistry, etc.). Whereas having the possibility of specialist consult and management is obviously very fruitful for patients, one can wonder whether too much specialization can lead to poor patient outcome when the clinical problem falls out of both the generalist's and the specialist's scopes of expertise. Furthermore, overspecialization can lead to an interesting paradox, namely the inability to diagnose and treat a condition that clearly falls within the specialist's expected scope of practice and expertise because of a too-focused (and thus too-limited) practice. It is as if the overspecialist can't see the forest for the trees.


The utility model relates to a remaining pericardium puncture needle, pertaining to the medical apparatus and instrument technological field for pumping pericardium effusion, and consisting of a sleeve puncture needle and a silica gel tube. The utility model is characterized in that the silica gel tube is arranged in the sleeve puncture needle, the outer diameter of the silica gel tube is matched with the internal diameter of the sleeve puncture needle. The outer wall of the front end of the silica gel tube is provided with a circular groove, an airbag ring is arranged in the circular groove, and the rear end of the silica gel tube is provided with a sealing plug. An inflated channel is arranged in the wall of the silica gel tube, the front end of the inflated channel is communicated with the airbag ring, and the rear end is connected with an inflated tube with the sealing plug. The utility model has the advantages that: the sleeve puncture needle is used for leading the head of the silica gel tube to remain in the pericardium for pumping effusion, and cardiac muscle is not be punctured; so the utility model can be safely used, and can pump effusion for a plurality of times after a successful puncture, thus relieving the pain of a patient caused by a plurality of times of puncture, therefore the utility model is an ideal medical apparatus used for pumping the pericardium effusion, and can be widely used in clinic.


At the present time, the chief method for industrial production of hydrogen cyanide is oxidative ammonolysis of methane (OAM) by the reaction of CH{sub 4}, NH{sub 3}, and air over a platinum catalyst at elevated temperatures. The object of the present work was to determine the energetically most favorable mechanism for the formation of hydrogen cyanide in the oxidative ammonolysis of methane based on a thermodynamic analysis of reactions in the system CH{sub 4}-NH{sub 3}-O{sub 2}, and this is both opportune and of current interest. 9 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.


In the present work, an alternative probe configuration to be used for time domain reflectometry (TDR)-based monitoring of liquid level inside tanks is presented. The proposed probe, which resorts to a bifilar transmission line configuration, is flexible and adaptable to the surface of the containers to be monitored. This feature, along with the other advantageous characteristics of TDR, makes this probe configuration particularly attractive for industrial applications. In this paper, to test the applicability of the method, two different scenarios are considered: monitoring of liquids contained in metallic tanks and non-invasive monitoring of liquids in non-metallic tanks. Results show that, in both cases, the proposed system has considerable potential for being easily and effectively employed in practical, industrial applications.


The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between package design and customer involvement in brand using the Food and Beverages Industry of Lagos State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. 2374 consumers of packaged food products were proportionally sampled across the 20 local government areas of Lagos State. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection rated on a 6 – point Likert scale. Data were analysed using the descriptive statistical techniques of Pearson Product moment correlation (r) and Simple Regression Analysis. The results of the study revealed that package design significantly influence customer involvement in a brand (p < 0.05, R = 0.501; R 2 = 0.251) and this can be achieved through effective choice of label information, logo, brand size and shape which are all ingredients and attributes of good package design for a brand. It was recommended that aesthetic components of the product package should be soothing for the eyes of the consumers to enhance good point – of – purchase appearance.


The influences of WC content,sintering temperature and high-temperature annealing on properties of Cu / WC composite were studied.The results show that the density,conductivity of Cu / WC composite decrease gradually with the increase of WC content,and hardness increases with the increase of WC content.The Cu / WC composite has better thermal stability and higher softening temperature.After annealing at 600~900 ℃,the hardness and strength decrease slightly,while the plastic is greatly enhanced.


The performance of robust adaptive control system based on traditional revised algorithm is awful in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and the performance will go bad, even be unstable, when the working condition (including the parameter, reference input, and so on) change. This paper designs the multiple models robust adaptive controller to control the discrete single-variable non-minimum phase system. First, the higher part of the system is deem to be the unmodelled dynamic and the normalization is introduced to convert the system unmodeled dynamics to bounded disturbance as well as the dead zone is introduced in parameter update algorithm. And then, the multiple models robust adaptive controllers are designed based on the lower part of the system and the best controller is chosen based on the switch index to control the system. The last simulation illustrates that the proposed method is preferable even the working condition changes.


For further study the flocculation properties of Mercapto-acetyl Chitosan,we have investigated the flocculation properties using Kaolin suspension prepared with the distilled water as the dispersion medium by beaker experiments.The effects of the pH value,original turbidities and coexisting heavy metal ions of the untreated water on the dose and the flocculating properties have been discussed in detail.It is found that the flocculant has some ability of turbidity removal,and in a suitable dosage range,the pH value and the turbidity of raw water have little effect on turbidity removal efficiency.It is shown that the presence of heavy metal ions can greatly promote the turbidity removal of the flocculant.The maximum removal rate of turbidity is up to 100% in the coexisting system for heavy metal ions and turbidity.


Various aspects of work of the Samara State Aerospace University in connection with its participation in the priority national project Education are discussed.


Resistive wall modes (RWM) associated with ideal magnetohydrodynamic current-driven (βN 2.4) kink modes with low toroidal mode number n (n = 1) have been identified in JT-60U. The pressure-driven RWM occurs at the plasma toroidal rotation of about 1% the Alfven speed without clear continuous slowing down of the plasma toroidal rotation. Occurrence of n = 1 RWMs result in thermal quench accompanied by higher n (n ≥ 2) modes. In the case of current-driven (˜ zero β) RWMs, a thermal quench occurs only at the peripheral region just after the RWM. In contrast, a thermal quench occurs in the whole plasma region following a drastic increase in the growth rate of the RWM from the order of τw-1 (τw is the resistive diffusion time of the wall) to larger than 102 τw-1in the case of pressure-driven (high β) RWMs.


transplantacija preživljavanja transplantacijske medicine, transplantacije preživljenje presatka relativno kratko zbog visoke odbacivanja, Abstract. End-stage renal disease requires the replacement of kidney function by different methods, the best of them being renal transplantation owing to significant survival advantage and better quality of life compared to the dialysis. In the beginnings of transplantation medicine, when transplantation was performed solely in young patients, and survival was relatively short due to acute rejections, malignant tumors were not a significant problem. In the era of modern immunosuppression, the leading cause of graft lost is death of a patient with functional graft. Malignant tumors are the third leading cause of death in patients following renal transplantation due to the increasing age of patients undergoing renal transplantation and longer cumulative influence of immunosuppression. Cardiovascular diseases and infections are the first and a second leading cause of death, respectively. According to Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, 10% of patients develop tumor 10 years after transplantation, 25% after 20 years, and after 30 years 40% of renal transplant recipients treated with immunosuppression develop malignancy. In a large population-based cohort study of 175 000 United States transplant recipients of solid organs, among those 10 656 developed some kind of a tumor. This is 2.1 times more often when compared to the general population. A significant increase of risk for 30 different primary tumors was reported, whereas a decreased incidence of breast cancer and prostate cancer was noted.


A generalized finite-difference time-domain method is used to model the propagation of ultrafast optical pulses through periodic structures with a frequency-dependent material response. Excellent agreement with a thin multilayer decomposition is found for the cases of dispersive and nondispersive optical media.


Sustainability risks increase with rising biofuel production. Environmental, social and economic sustainability issues in agricultural production and conversion processes have become a major concern. External effects of biofuel production are not covered by a market mechanism. Therefore, an instrument to address the most pressing sustainability issues of biofuel production is required.


This thesis covers the work of the author as a postgraduate student at the University of Glasgow, between October 1982 and September 1985. The experiment WA70 was designed to study the production of high transverse momentum direct photons in hadron-hadron interactions. The experiment took place at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland. The apparatus used was the OMEGA spectrometer facility, and a purpose built electromagnetic calorimeter. Data was taken with a hadron beam, at an energy of 280 GeV, incident on a liquid hydrogen target. The beam composition could be selected to be either negative pions, or unseparated protons and positive pions. One of the principal features of the calorimeter was its source calibration system. Sixteen radioactive sources could be positioned within the calorimeter to provide calibration data. Much of the author's work in the early stages of the experiment was on setting up and understanding the calibration system, and on applying the results to the experiment. The work done, and the results obtained, are presented here. One of the requirements of an experiment studying direct photon physics is the ability to accurately identify background sources of photons. The main source of such background is the decay of high transverse momentum pi s, and to a lesser extent, ns. The study of the production of pi s and ns is therefore important to the experiment. The latter part of this thesis presents the work of the author on the study of these mesons. The aim of the analysis is to derive the cross sections for the production of high transverse momentum pi and n mesons. The method of analysis and the results are presented.


PurposeThis study aimed to provide user-centered evidence for health professionals to make optimal use of images for the effective dissemination of health information on Facebook (FB).Design/methodology/approachUsing an eye-tracking experiment and a survey method, this study examined 42 participants' reading patterns as well as recall and recognition outcomes with 36 FB health information posts having various FB post features.FindingsThe findings demonstrated that FB posts with text-embedded images received more attention and resulted in the highest recall and recognition. Meanwhile, compared to text-embedded images, visual only images yielded less effective recall of information, but they caught the viewers' attention; graphics tended to attract more attention than photos. For effective communication, the text features in FB posts should align with the formats of the images.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide practical implications for health information disseminators by suggesting that text-embedded images should be used for effective health communication.Originality/valueThis study provided evidence of users' different viewing patterns for FB health information posts and the relationship between FB post types and recall and recognition outcomes.


Energetic charged particles are encountered in spaceflight as part of the galactic cosmic rays, where they pose a potential health risk to astronauts. On the other hand their destructive potential is also used for radiotherapy of deep seated tumours. The deposition of energy of these high energy and high charged (HZE) particles occurs mostly along the trajectory of the particle itself, but depending on its energy, there is some probability for energy deposition relatively far from the nominal trajectory, due to long-ranged delta rays produced. These delta rays are considered to induce non correlated DNA damage similar to low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation (like Xor γ –rays), whereas the DNA damage induced by the dense ionizing track of HZE particles is assumed to be skewed towards more complex or clustered DNA damage, which is slowly repaired or is even irreparable. To study the spatiotemporal protein dynamics during and after charged particle irradiation, a remote controlled microscope device was used at the accelerator facility of GSI [1]. The system enables the acquisition of high-resolution fluorescence images of stained living cells during ion irradiation. The microscope setup allows us to study early radiation effects without the time lag of minutes presently conditional on limitations of access to the irradiation devices. Utilizing GFP-tagged repair proteins like 53BP1, NBS1 and XRCC1 allows us the spatio-temporal characterization of DNA damage in respect to the particle trajectory by direct visualization in human cells. To compare high LET (ions) and sparsely ionizing radiation (x-rays) induced DNA damage and to use the microscope between beamtimes, the system was now upgraded with a 35 kV x-ray tube operated at high dose rate (40 Gy/min). Time-lapse series of GFP-coupled repair proteins like XRCC1 proved accumulations within seconds at sites of ion tracks indicating a very fast recognition of DNA damage in combination with a quite stable location of damage processing (Fig.1). In the study presented here, we used a spectrum of different particles over a broad range of LETs in addition to x-rays to address the dynamics of the early DNA damage response in regards to the damage density in living cells. The detailed analysis of NBS1-GFP revealed differences in the recruitment kinetics and retention at damage sites in connection to the LET and radial track structure of the particles. These differences might be explained by the increasing local density of DSBs along the ion track which results in a shift in the balance of molecules binding directly to the DNA damage and those binding to the surrounding chromatin domain.


QR codes are the means to offer more direct and instant access to information. However, QR codes have shown their deficiency, being a very powerful attack vector, for example, to execute phishing attacks. In this study, we have proposed a solution that allows controlling access to the information offered by QR codes. Through a scanner designed in APP Inventor which has been called XSStudent, a system has been built that analyzes the URLs obtained and compares them with a previously trained system. This study was executed by means of a controlled attack to the users of the university who through a flyer with a QR code and a fictional link accessed an infected page with JavaScript code that allowed a successful cross-site scripting attack. The results indicate that 100% of the users are vulnerable to this type of attacks, so also, with our proposal, an attack executed in the universities using the Beef software would be totally blocked.


Pyrolytic characteristics of acid hydrolysis residue from corncob(residue in short),were studied using thermal analyzer,tube furnace,gas chromatogram(GC),gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM).The thermogravimetric analysis shows that pyrolysis of the residue mainly occurs in 280 ℃ ~450 ℃ with only one obvious mass loss peak.The tube furnace test indicates that with increase of temperature gas yield increases greatly,while char and tar yield show decreasing trend.Among the gaseous products,with increase in temperature,H2 and CH4 increase,CO2 decreases;compared with corncob,the residue releases more CO,H2 and CH4,and less CO2 during pyrolysis.The main compounds identified through GC-MS are phenol and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.SEM images show that char prepared at higher temperature is more uniformly crystallized.


The physical and chemical conditions in photodissociation regions (PDRs) are largely determined by the influence of far ultraviolet radiation. Far-UV photons can efficiently dissociate molecular hydrogen, a process that must be balanced at the HI/H2 interface of the PDR. Given that reactions involving hydrogen atoms in the gas phase are highly inefficient under interstellar conditions, H2 formation models mostly rely on catalytic reactions on the surface of dust grains. Additionally, molecular hydrogen formation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through the Eley–Rideal mechanism has been considered as well, although it has been found to have low efficiency in PDR fronts. In a previous work, we have described the possibility of efficient H2 release from medium to large sized PAHs upon photodissociation, with the exact branching between H-/H2-loss reactions being molecule dependent. Here, we investigate the astrophysical relevance of this process, by using a model for the photofragmentation of PAHs under interstellar conditions. We focus on three PAHs cations (coronene, ovalene, and circumcoronene), which represent three possibilities in the branching of atomic and molecular hydrogen losses. We find that, for ovalene (H2-loss dominated) the rate coefficient for H2 formation reaches values of the same order as H2 formation in dust grains. This result suggests that this hitherto disregarded mechanism can account, at least partly, for the high level of molecular hydrogen formation in dense PDRs.


The present study aims to discuss, under a theoretical perspective, the role and the added value of the interaction between Information Technology (IT) and decision-making, paying particular attention to the planning context. The main idea of this paper is that the interaction of decision makers with IT, especially when the decisions concern scenario planning and alternative hypotheses, plays two important roles: a) it supports decisions, given the availability of semi-structured information and data provided by IT tools; b) it generates knowledge due both to the iterative approach followed by the decision maker for designing the planning model and to the reasonings and group discussions about the objectives to be defined. The conclusions speculate that the interaction between IT and decision makers is not limited to provide decisional support, but it also generates knowledge and promotes a learning process, especially in a complex decision domain. Therefore, further research is encouraged on this issue, for examining to what extent, and under which conditions, the interaction with IT allows to generate or increase knowledge about a problem, beyond a mere decision support.


Methods from group theory and combinatorics are used to prove the (Slepian-Duguid) rearrangeability theorem for Clos' three-stage network. The nr-permutations realizable in such a network can be represented as a product G<inf>ϕ</inf> −1H <inf>ϕ</inf>G, where G, H are subgroups realized by stages and ϕ is the special cross–connect field used in making frames. Thus, rearrange-ability can be cast as G<inf>ϕ</inf>−1H <inf>ϕ</inf>G = S<inf>nr</inf> = symmetric group of degree nr. Since it is an elementary theorem that a permutation group containing all transpositions is symmetric, it is enough to show that the product G<inf>ϕ</inf>−1H <inf>ϕ</inf>G is closed under multiplication and contains all transpositions. We prove that closure of the product is equivalent to a property of suitable partitions: existence of systems of common representatives. This property, formulated by J. B. Kruskal, is a consequence of Hall's theorem on distinct representatives. It is easily seen that G<inf>ϕ</inf>−1H <inf>ϕ</inf>G contains all transpositions, so the Slepian-Duguid theorem follows.


The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of down-modulation of TIMP mRNA levels in derivatives of Swiss 3T3 cells that contain an expression cassette driving synthesis of an RNA molecule complementary to the TIMP mRNA.' These cell lines are of interest because as a consequence of reduced TIMP expression, they have acquired both an invasive and a tumorigenic phenotype.2 We address here the detailed mechanism of how TIMP expression is down-modulated in light of the finding that two cell lines differing substantially in the number of copies of the expression cassette and the level of cytoplasmic antisense RNA show comparable extents of TIMP expression. We found that although TIMP mRNA levels (cytoplasmic and nuclear) were down-regulated by antisense TIMP RNA, total nuclear TIMP RNA levels were not. Compared with control cells, cells producing antisense TIMP RNA contained a higher level of unprocessed TIMP RNA. The increased amount of unprocessed primary transcripts in the nucleus accompanied by a reduction in the concentration of TIMP mRNA molecules is consistent with the hypothesis that antisense TIMP RNA inhibits processing of the transcript.


In the tank by hydroponic cultivation on the tree method and apparatus ornamental plants this method, the method comprising: a piece of a tree arranged in the water tank; tree attached to the support member in the water and can freely deform transparent on; the root of the plant in conjunction with a support member placed on the soil, the water supply to the water level is not higher than the level of the support member, thus enabling trees cultivated plants in solution; and said enabling means are arranged in a tree in a water tank and a transparent section of the support member can freely deform water attached to the tree, thus making it possible to realize a tree growing plants by hydroponic method.


Random projections have recently emerged as a powerful method for dimensionality reduction. Theoretical results indicate that the method preserves distances quite nicely; however, empirical results are sparse. We present experimental results on using random projection as a dimensionality reduction tool in a number of cases, where the high dimensionality of the data would otherwise lead to burden-some computations. Our application areas are the processing of both noisy and noiseless images, and information retrieval in text documents. We show that projecting the data onto a random lower-dimensional subspace yields results comparable to conventional dimensionality reduction methods such as principal component analysis: the similarity of data vectors is preserved well under random projection. However, using random projections is computationally significantly less expensive than using, e.g., principal component analysis. We also show experimentally that using a sparse random matrix gives additional computational savings in random projection.


2-Methylporphobilinogen 5 and 8,9-didehydroporphobilinogen 7 are only weak inhibitors of porphobilinogen deaminase (hydroxymethylbilane synthase). The phosphonate analogue 8 and 9-fluoroporphobilinogen 9 are good inhibitors, however, and also act as slow substrates (the first unnatural substrates known for this enzyme). The particularly strong inhibition shown by the fluoro analogue 9 is shown to be due to the slow regeneration of free enzyme once the compound has become covalently bound to it. This results in a sigmoidal dependence of rate vs.[substrate].


Many central banks pursue some kind of an exchange rate objective. For a given objective we derive what variables the central bank should look at when setting the interest rate to implement that objective. Exchange market pressure (EMP), the tendency of the exchange rate to change, emerges as the key variable. The resulting interest rate rule can implement many regimes, from floating to intermediate to fixed rates, and does so exactly, even after a structural change. It can be applied to many models, and we illustrate it in a New Keynesian model for a small open economy.


Integrity refers to the property that a system remains functional despite failures of certain subsystems. In multivariable systems controller integrity means that stability is preserved despite failures of certain sensors or actuators. In this paper we first show by examples that typically multivariable controllers designed by the standard state feedback observer approach lack integrity even when plant and controller are open loop stable. With this background as motivation we develop a technique of designing controllers that do possess integrity. The main mathematical tools are our recent results on computation of sets of stabilizing PID controllers and the Mapping Theorem of Robust Control Theory. The method can be extended beyond PID control and also to the plant integrity problem. Illustrative examples are included and areas for further research are indicated.


The invention belongs to the modified emulsified asphalt field, and more specifically relates to a SBS polymer modified emulsified asphalt and a preparation method, the SBS polymer modified emulsified asphalt is prepared by the following raw materials by mass percentages: 40-65% of SBS polymer modified emulsified asphalt, 25-50% of water, 2-10% of cation asphalt emulsifier, 0.1-2.0% of composite emulsified stabilizing agent and 0.2-2.0% of acid, wherein SBS polymer modified asphalt is prepared by mixing and reacting a SBS polymer modifier and matrix asphalt, and the mass of the SBS polymer modifier accounts for 3.5%-5.5% of that of the SBS polymer modified asphalt. The prepared SBS polymer modified emulsified asphalt has stable property, and can be used as a cement asphalt mortar layer and the like for a road tack coat, a seal layer, surface treatment, a slurry seal layer and a high speed railway plate-type ballastless track.


Systems developed for predicting both the action and the amount of time someone might take to perform that action need to be aware of the inherent uncertainty in what humans do. Here, we present a novel hybrid generative model for action anticipation that attempts to capture the uncertainty in human actions. Our model uses a multi-headed attention-based variational generative model for action prediction (MAVAP), and Gaussian log-likelihood maximization to predict the corresponding action's duration. During training, we optimise three losses: a variational loss, a negative log-likelihood loss, and a discriminative cross-entropy loss. We evaluate our model on benchmark datasets (i.e., Breakfast and 50Salads) for action forecasting tasks and demonstrate improvements over prior methods using both ground truth observations and predicted features from an action segmentation network (i.e., MS-TCN++). We also show that factorizing the latent space across multiple Gaussian heads predicts better plausible future action sequences compared to a single Gaussian.


"Design tools affect the results of the design process" - this is the starting point of our considerations about the efficient use of CAAD within architecture. To give you a short overview about what we want to say with this thesis lets have a short - an surely incomplete - trip through the fourth dimension back into the early time of civil engineering. As CAD in our faculty is integrated in the "Lehrstuhl fur Hochbaustatik und Tragwerksplanung" (if we try to say it in English it would approximately be "institute of structural design"), we chose an example we are very familiar with because of its mathematical background - the cone sections: Circle, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola. If we start our trip two thousand years ago we only find the circle - or in very few cases the ellipse - in their use for the ground plan of greek or roman theaters - if you think of Greek amphitheaters or the Colosseum in Rome - or for the design of the cross section of a building - for example the Pantheon, roman aqueducts or bridges. With the rediscovery of the perspective during the Renaissance the handling of the ellipse was brought to perfection. May be the most famous example is the Capitol in Rome designed by Michelangelo Buonarotti with its elliptical ground plan that looks like a circle if the visitor comes up the famous stairway. During the following centuries - caused by the further development of the natural sciences and the use of new construction materials, i.e. cast-iron, steel or concrete - new design ideas could be realized. With the growing influence of mathematics on the design of buildings we got the division into two professions: Civil engineering and architecture. To the regret of the architects the most innovative constructions were designed by civil engineers, e.g. the early iron bridges in Britain or the famous bridges of Robert Maillard. Nowadays we are in the situation that we try to reintegrate the divided professions. We will return to that point later discussing possible solutions of this problem. But let us continue our 'historical survey demonstrating the state of the art we have today. As the logical consequence of the parabolic and hyperbolic arcs the hyperbolic parabolic shells were developed using traditional design techniques like models and orthogonal sections. Now we reach the point where the question comes up whether complex structures can be completely described by using traditional methods. A question that can be answered by "no" if we take the final step to the completely irregular geometry of cable- net-constructions or deconstructivistic designs. What we see - and what seems to support our thesis of the connection between design tools and the results of the design process - is, that on the one hand new tools enabled the designer to realize new ideas and on the other hand new ideas affected the development of new tools to realize them.


Synthesis and designing of variable structure controller for linear discrete uncertain time-delay singular system are studied. Firstly, a new restricted system equivalent form is developed and the system is decomposed into two low dimensional subsystems: one is a difference system without input; the other is a difference system with input. Secondly, based on some results on asymptotic stability of discrete time-delay singular systems, a switching function with difference compensator is designed, which guarantee the system is asymptotically stable in quasi-switching manifold. Thirdly, different variable structure controllers are designed respectively in terms of two cases that the uncertain part is bounded and the uncertain part changes slowly. The controllers can force solution trajectory of the system to enter into a small neighborhood of the quasi-switching manifold in finite steps and to converge to a small chattering in the neighborhood ultimately. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate feasibility and simplicity of the design method.


The motor fault detection based on data-driven approach has achieved some results. However, there are still some problems, such as complex signal processing, long training time, and poor adaptability to different working conditions. A new fault detection method for permanent magnet synchronous motor based on image content retrieval is proposed in this article, which does not require complex signal processing and model training and has strong adaptability to conditions. First, the fault signals are converted into images by the symmetrized dot pattern method. Second, an image coding technology based on KAZE feature and bag of features is proposed to reduce the computational cost. Then, to improve the adaptability of conditions, a cyclic update algorithm of image retrieval library based on image fusion is proposed. Finally, fault detection is realized through image retrieval of feature code matching. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method.


The paper aims to examine the main theoretical contribution on the personalization of policy in general and of leaders in particular, as a preliminary operation in a research that pursues the personalization of political leadership of Romania and the presidentialization of the executive decision making process. It assumes the general thesis that the leadership and party personalization and presidentialization is the basic characteristics of the presidentialization of politics and executive power and that in the new democracies of Europe, including Romania, presidentialization has had great implications on the nature and quality of politics. As such, the paper comprises specifications concerning the role of media communication in personalizing the politicians and the political leadership, and some of the main trends of defining and analysing the current process of the personalization of politics.


Managing relationships with customers is often challenging because firms engage in many different types of transactions and their customers vary considerably as to their wants and needs. To meet these challenges, firms are turning increasingly to formal customer relationship management (CRM) programs. Because of their ability to enhance interfirm relationships in business-to-business marketing, firms often turn specifically to customer-needs–driven CRM strategies. These strategies focus on the use of database technology to aid in developing long-term cooperative relationships with key customers. One important resource that enables firms to more easily develop and implement customer-needs–driven CRM strategies is the core selling (CS) team. We examine CS teams' ability to enhance the development of two competences (a knowledge management competence and a relationship marketing competence) that are important components of customer-needs–driven CRM strategy.


METROFOOD-RI is a new Research Infrastructure (ESFRI Domain "Health & Food") aimed at promoting metrology in food and nutrition constituted by an organised network of physical and electronic facilities allowing to perform cross-cutting research activities and deliver advanced services addressed to different categories of users: research/academy, food inspection and control agencies/policy makers, food business operators, consumers/citizens. Among the core-services of METROFOOD-RI, there is the development and production of new (certified) Reference Materials (RMs). The RI includes in fact - among its physical facilities – an integrated network of plants and laboratories specialised in the production and characterisation of new RMs for the agrifood sector. As further added value, thanks to its network of experimental fields, farms and pilot production plants, METROFOOD-RI is also able to produce the raw materials to be used for preparing the RMs themselves and therefore, so being able to realize customized RM perfectly meeting the user's needs. The capability of producing food matrix RMs has been recently tested during the "Early Phase" of METROFOOD-RI (H2020 INFRADEV-02-2016 PRO-METROFOOD, G.A. 739568), by implementing a specific pilot service dedicated to the development and characterization of new RMs of rice grains, rice flour and oyster tissue.


The ceremony was opened by a speech of Mr. Edmund Shehadeh, the General Director who congratulated the nursing staff in this occasion on behalf of the Senior Leadership Team and the Board of the Trustees. He also expressed thanks for their tremendous efforts in serving the patients and for constantly seeking to provide creative ideas for the development of the organization which in turn leads to improving the quality of the services rendered to the Palestinian people.


Myositis‐specific antibodies (MSAs) facilitate grouping children with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) into distinct phenotypes. The first aim of this study was to investigate the link between anti‐p155/140 and lipodystrophy as determined by dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessment of fat distribution. The second aim was to examine the relationship between anti‐p155/140 and damage to the nailfold capillary system.


The research objectives were the following: to determine the interrelation of the stages of development of the breast public and axillary hair to menarche; to detect the trend of the development of the secondary sexual characteristics to the onset of menarche; and to determine the relationship between the menarcheal age of the mother and the onset of menarche of the daughter. All female patients aged 7-18 years who were seen at the Department of Pediatrics of the Veterans Memorial Medical Center Quezon City Philippines were included in the study. Patients who were malnourished with endocrinologic disorders and on steroid therapy were excluded. Abbreviations such as B1 PH1 and AH are used to designate the different stages of development and the subscript denotes the staging--breast development pubic hair and axillary hair. A total of 464 cases were collected. It was found that regardless of age the majority of the females were in stages 2 (31.3%) and 3 (28.1%) of breast maturity. Breast budding was observed as early as 7 years and only 3 patients aged 15 16 and 18 had a preadolescent breast. None reached B5. Earliest age of onset of pubic hair was at 7 years but the majority were in stages 1 2 and 3 (30.17% 28.88% and 24.1%). None was observed to have reached PH5. Axillary hair was first seen at 10 years in 1.58% of the females. 59.05% had no axillary hair. At PH1 a total of 70% were in B1 and only 2.14% were in B4. Axillary hair was observed in only 3.57%. At PH3 and PH4 none was in B1 and most were in B3 and B4 (66.96% and 76.92%). At these stages too (PH3 and PH4) a large percentage--64.29% and 91.3%--were with axillary hair. Menarche was observed as early as 9 years and as late as 16 years with a mean of 12.76 + 1.33. Of the 464 cases only 267 had menarche and only 116 of those with menarche had its onset recently. There was an equal number of girls at B2 and B3--42.3% each--at the time of menarche and 44.8% were at PH2. Axillary hair was observed in 46.55% of the girls. The majority of girls without menarche were in B1 and B2 50.8% and 38%. Pubic hair growth was in Stage 1 in 63.5% and in Stage 2 in 28.4%. Axillary hair was absent in 95.43% of those without menarche and AH was absent in only 4.57%. A direct relationship was found between the mothers onset of menarche and her daughters onset of menarche.


According to classic curves of hydraulic fracturing test in coal seam and theoretical analysis,this paper obtained typical analysis curves of hydraulic fracturing test.Taking testing well in Southern Qinshui basin as the research object,the in-situ stress of coal seam is measured.The hydraulic fracturing test data were analyzed and studied by double logarithm method and root squaring method,the empirical value of in-situ stress in Southern Qinshui basin and the mutual authentication of the two methods are accurate and credible.The test results of coal-bed hydraulic fracturing provide a basis for coal-bed methane exploration,testing,discharge and mining operations process in late stage.


The paper begins with an elementary treatment of a standard trammel (trammel of Archimedes), a line segment of fixed length whose ends slide along two perpendicular axes. During the motion, points on the trammel trace ellipses, and the trammel produces an astroid as an envelope that is also the envelope of the family of traced ellipses. Two generalizations are introduced: a zigzag trammel, obtained by dividing a standard trammel into several hinged pieces, and a flexible trammel whose length may vary during the motion. All properties regarding traces and envelopes of a standard trammel are extended to these more general trammels. Applications of zigzag trammels are given to problems involving folding doors. Flexible trammels provide not only a deeper understanding of the standard trammel but also a new solution of a classical problem of determining the envelope of a family of straight lines. They also reveal unexpected connections between various classical curves; for example, the cycloid and the quadratrix of Hippias, curves known from antiquity.


This article introduces the method of designing, manufacturing, controlling and monitoring a concrete mixing plant model using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) - Mitsubishi. The evaluation results show that the model operates stably and easily to replace components. HMI control screen makes it easy for operators to manipulate and change quantities. Successfully manufactured model serves the needs of learning, researching and PLC programming


The objective of this study was to investigate use of pultrusion technique as a cost-effective method for the production of thin-sheet fabric-reinforced cement composites. Cement-based composites were developed with different fabric types using cast (hand layup) process and pultrusion (impregnated) methods. Knitted fabric made from low-modulus polypropylene (PP) fabric, woven fabric made from low-modulus polyethylene (PE), and bonded glass meshes were used. Tensile and pullout tests as well as SEM observations were used to examine the mechanical, bonding, and microstructure properties. It was observed that the processing method significantly affects the bond as well as the tensile performance of the composite. The best performance was achieved for the polypropylene pultruded composites.


During this time, determining the shelf life of tofu still uses human smell and vision. Although this method is realistic, but it is subjective and cannot be used as standardization of measurement. Electronic nose as the alternative instrument, can be used to predict the shelf life of tofu based on the qualitative aroma pattern produced. The information stored in the response sensor is the result of the conversion of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor array. Then the information is extracted using the maximum method and predicted shelf life of Tofu with curve fitting. Six fresh tofu (20 grams) is placed in a plastic container at room temperature. Experiments are made after the tofu has finished production and ready to sell (first day) until it decays (day six). Sensor response is obtained through a sniffing process (collecting 120 s, purging 180 s) with 60 samples per day. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.834 and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 8.414 can be obtained. Based on this analysis, the prediction of the tofu shelf life with electronic nose using the curve fitting method was successfully carried out.


E-Health applications may mitigate the impact of a pandemic by facilitating disease surveillance and control activities, and improving performance of medical practices. The implementation of these applications requires proper planning and management. E-Health preparedness assessment represents an important step in change management, and including this step in its planning stage may increase the chances of its implementation success. This article presents a three-phase methodology that was developed and utilised in a collaborative project on E-Health preparedness assessment in the context of an influenza pandemic. Based on this project, a software tool set was newly developed to partially automate the assessment process.


A NoSQL database plays an essential role in all parts of today's multi-tenant large-scale IT services. Accurate information about per-tenant resource accounting is invaluable for optimal service management. However, there is a lack of study on the characteristics of resource consumption by multi-tenants in NoSQL database services, particularly for those resources consumed as part of activities asynchronously triggered by requests accumulated over time from multiple tenants. According to our investigation, this shared resource usage takes up a significant portion of total resource consumption in NoSQL databases.We assert that an accurate understanding of the shared resource consumption pattern is required to design correct and effective techniques for resource management. To this end, we conduct a detailed investigation of the shared resource consumption in popular NoSQL databases. Our focuses are to find out what portion of the overall resource consumption occurs in a shared manner, what type of operations cause them, and what effect the workload intensity has on the amount of shared resource consumption. We have developed a set of techniques for monitoring, recording, and analyzing the resource consumption data toward answering these questions. Our investigation revealed that the shared resource consumption can be as large as 30% of the total resource consumption, implying that resource accounting based only on directly causal events, may lead to underestimation of the true amount. We believe our study highlights the importance of shared resource accounting and provides crucial insights for building accurate resource accounting techniques.


3:30 p.m. Martin P. * Stofan E. R. Glaze L. S. Analysis of Coronae in the Parga Chasma Region, Venus [#1617] Parga Chasma is a 10,000 km long fracture and trough system in the southern hemisphere of Venus. We perform a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of coronae in this region, and examine the variations in volcanism and relative timing of corona formation with respect to local rifting.


Transhydrogenase couples the redox reaction between NADH and NADP+ to proton translocation across a membrane. The protein has three components: dI binds NADH, dIII binds NADP+, and dII spans the membrane. Transhydrogenase is a "dimer" of two dI-dII-dIII "monomers"; x-ray structures suggested that the two catalytic sites alternate during turnover. Invariant Tyr146 in recombinant dI of Rhodospirillum rubrum transhydrogenase was substituted with Phe and Ala (proteins designated dI.Y146F and dI.Y146A, respectively). Analytical ultracentrifuge experiments and differential scanning calorimetry show that dI.Y146A more readily dissociates into monomers than wild-type dI. Analytical ultracentrifuge and Trp fluorescence experiments indicate that the dI.Y146A monomers bind NADH much more weakly than dimers. Wild-type dI and dI.Y146F reconstituted activity to dI-depleted membranes with similar characteristics. However, dI.Y146A reconstituted activity in its dimeric form but not in its monomeric form, this despite monomers retaining their native fold and binding to the dI-depleted membranes. It is suggested that transhydrogenase reconstructed with monomers of dI.Y146A is catalytically compromised, at least partly as a consequence of the lowered affinity for NADH, and this results from lost interactions between the nucleotide binding site and the protein β-hairpin upon dissociation of the dI dimer. The importance of these interactions and their coupling to dI domain rotation in the mechanism of action of transhydrogenase is emphasized. Two peaks in the 1H NMR spectrum of wild-type dI are broadened in dI.Y146A and are tentatively assigned to S-methyl groups of Met resonances in the β-hairpin, consistent with the segmental mobility of this feature in the structure.


The whispering galleries phenomenon can be observed at various locations in the world, like the main dom of the St-Paul cathedral in London. Various physical interpretations of this phenomenon have been suggested by Lord Airy and Lord Rayleigh in the XIXth century, based on either multiple reflections of a wave in air or on surface waves that travel along the solid interface of the dom. In this work, we present various numerical simulations that can help understanding the propagation of a surface wave inside the solid layer that surrounds the volume of the dom. In particular we can observe how the incident energy is mainly trapped inside the solid shell. Measurements have been realised with a semi-closed cavity made of a 5cm-thick curved plasterboard, with microphones located at different positions near the wall. We present comparisons between experimental and numerical results, helpful to better understand the complexity of the measured signals.


We present the systematical decomposition results of three-dimensional (3D) fragmentation functions (FFs) from parton correlators for spin-1 hadron. We choose one of the best process $e^+e^-\to V\pi X$ to study the 3D and tensor polarization dependent FFs. By making a general kinematic analysis we show that the cross section is expressed by 81 independent structure functions, and get the results of the azimuthal and spin asymmetries. We also present the parton model results for this process and express the results in terms of the 3D FFs. Based on this formalism, we also give the numerical results of hadron longitudinal polarizations and predict the energy dependence.


Ia pamiatnik sebe vozdvig nerukotvornyi.--Aleksandr Pushkin, "Pamiamik," 1836 (1) There are many remarkable features in Franco Venturi's historical work on Russia and in his attitude toward its people. Only a few of them will be touched upon in this essay. Others have been the object of valuable articles on Venturi's life and scholarship by distinguished authors. (2) But although limited in scope, this essay examines issues that deserve to be seen in a wider context in the hope that this may clarify some major aspects of Venturi's work on Russian and European history. The Historian Like a number of historians of his generation and of a younger one like mine, Franco Venturi (1914-94) did not come to the practice of history and to the professorial chair at the university after quiet and undisturbed years of study along the traditional and uneventful cursus honorum of higher learning and students' pastimes? He came to Clio and to the world of academe after years of opposition to fascism, exile in France, prison in Franco's Spain, internment in Avigliano in the Basilicata, underground activity in the Resistenza--the armed struggle against the German occupation in 1943-45, political participation in the movement Giustizia e Liberta and in the Partito d'Azione, and diplomatic service in Moscow. To his historian's craft he brought a considerable amount of life experience and a reflection on human nature, on the inner logic of institutions, on political strife, on contingency and necessity, on collective mentalities and group dynamics, and on the hidden springs and apparent interests that make men and women act as they do. By his profession and aptitudes Venturi was an intellectual, but he was also, from the very start, a man of action. The simultaneous existence of these two traits was one of his specific characteristics at all times. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] At the same time, his decision to devote himself entirely to the field of study and research did hOt diminish his awareness of the fact that social and political life--in Italy, in Russia, and elsewhere--and historical events and processes are always ambiguous and contradictory and often generate tragic and insoluble dilemmas. He knew, and not only from books, that history and history writing were indeed not a simple matter like a walk on Nevskii Prospekt or on Via Roma in Turin. It has been rightly pointed out that Venturi's exile and study in France in the 1930s and his diplomatic mission in Moscow in 1947-50 were formative periods in his life. This horizon of his may be widened: the people of his generation lived through the Spanish Civil War, the show trials and the Great Terror in Soviet Russia, the Munich agreements, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, World War Il, Hiroshima, the Holocaust, the exhilaration of the victory and newly won liberty, the great hopes, immense optimism, and ideological effervescence in the aftermath of the 1945 victory, and the insidious disenchantments that followed. Those were events never to be forgotten; they, too, represented formative years in one's life, and they left their mark forever. During these years, Venturi and the truly remarkable group of Italian intellectuals to which he belonged lived and actively participated in history in the making. This involvement and its lessons and memories were not lost when he began to write the history of other places in other times. Venturi abandoned political activity--as happened in Europe to many intellectuals of his generation and of mine--a few years after the end of the war. The reasons for that existential decision were different for different persons in different places. For Venturi, the decision to devote himself entirely to study and research was a process that began sometime between 1947 and 1950 and became final around 1956, after doubts, hesitations, and soul-searching. It was prompted neither by disillusionment nor by cynicism, nor by despair in the righteousness of the struggle for justice and liberty. …


Today, maps are important components of public safety. Collecting geographic information data enables any public safety agency to smartly allocate their limited resources to those places where the public safety needs are the greatest. However, the current address geocoding applications are generally static, requiring specifically assigned personnel to geocode the addresses using a geographic information system (GIS) software. Real-time geocoding services like Google Maps are an alternative to these static systems by offering real-time geocoding capabilities; however, these closed systems usually come with a price that many agencies cannot afford. Given this context, we developed a public safety geocoding system using available open-source data and systems to enable any public safety agency to continuously enjoy the power of geographic information systems for their smart decision-making process. The proposed model is not limited to public safety and can be used for any purpose where people are used to using Google Maps Geocoding API or other commercial geocoding services.


In view of the opportunities and challenges brought by the independent college transfer and transformation, through the research and analysis of software engineering graduates' employment units and outstanding graduates, analyzes the implementation effect and problems of talent training plans in recent years and brought about the application-oriented talent training "transformation" plan for Software Engineering major. Presents a new approach for the teaching reformation of the Software Engineering major in the independent college to cultivate the new type of composite application oriented technology talents.


It can directly reflect the effect of injection wells before and after the layering water injection by evaluating the layering water injection wells. In view of the uncertainties on the impact of various factors of injection well group, it can establish a series of quantitative method which is suitable for the evaluation of well group. Prior to the evaluation of water injection wells group, it is necessary to make evaluation of the existing wells. This study uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to calculate comprehensive evaluation coefficient of well group to judge the nature of each well group. According to the calculation of the comprehensive evaluation coefficient of E2 which is combined with the actual geological and development condition of Ba fault block 17, it can not only find the increasing relation between E2 values and water injection effect, but also evaluate the effect of water injection well group, which can determine whether symmetry layering water injection is reasonable or not. Key words: Layering water injection; Quantitative methods; Evaluation; Nature factor; Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation Key words: Layering water injection; Quantitative methods; Evaluation; Nature factor; Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation


Objective
To introduce our experience of performing posterior or anterior renal lip incision for partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal hilum endophytic renal cell carcinoma.

Methods
From Jan. 2010 to Jan. 2014, five female patients with renal hilum tumors were treated in our institute. The median age was 54 (51–72) years. The median tumor diameter was 4.0 (2.8–4.8) cm. The median preoperative creatinine was 53.9 (52.6–75.4) μmol/L. One of them was solitary kidney with absolute indication; three cases had basic disease with relative indication; one was with selective indication. The patients were put in supine or lateral position. After general anesthesia, we preformed partial nephrectomy by cutting posterior renal lip in 3 cases and the anterior lip in 2 cases. We clamped the renal artery, opened the renal posterior or anterior lip, then dissected the tumor beside the pseudo–capsule. After removing the tumor, we used 3–0 absorption suture to control bleeding and repair the opened collecting system. Finally, we used 2–0 absorption suture to close the renal defect.

Results
The median operation time was 195 (155–215) min; the median renal warm ischemia time was 35 (15–70) min; the median postoperative hospital stay was 8 (7–9) d. There was no secondary bleeding and urine leakage happened. The pathological results showed that 3 cases with clear cell carcinoma, 1 with papillary carcinoma and 1 with renal medullary interstitial cell tumor. All patients showed normal kidney shape. The median postoperative creatinine was 63.0 (59.4–75.4) μmol/L. After a median follow up of 24.2 mon, all patients survive without tumor recurrence.

Conclusions
The short–term result of posterior or anterior renal lip incision partial nephrectomy in treating endophytic renal hilum endophytic renal cell carcinoma is safe and feasible.

Key words:
Renal parenchyma incision; Nephron sparing surgery; Endophytic renal cell carcinoma


The development of a planar Doppler velocimetry is described. The technique is capable of measuring the three, instantaneous components of velocity in two dimensions using a single pair of signal and reference cameras. PDV can be used to measure the instantaneous 3-D velocity of a fluid by using an absorption line filter (ALF) to determine the Doppler shifted frequency of a narrow line pulsed laser (Nd:YAG) that has been scattered off particles seeded into the flow. The velocity of the fluid is determined using the Doppler formula and is dependent on the laser direction and the viewing direction. Hence, only one velocity component of the flow is measured. This component can be measured in two spatial dimensions using an array detector such as a CCD camera. To capture the three components, three such measurement heads have been used viewing from different angles. In the technique presented here the three views are ported from the collection optics to a single imaging plane using flexible fiber imaging bundles. These are made up of a coherent array of single fibers and are combined at one end as the input plane to the measurement head. The paper discusses the issues involved in developing a full three-dimensional velocity measurement system.


L anguage reciprocates culture and the former constitutes the core of the latter.Within the inheritance and trans- mission of m edical science,medical language reciprocates of medical culture.Based on the unequal or confused term of SARS within the English and Chinese languages,the essay entails a morphological,sem antic and pragm atic review of medical vocab- ulary and further presents the concept of Medical L inguistics towards further study of medical language.


This experimental study focuses on various cooling strategies and lubrication-assisted cooling strategies to improve machining performance in the turning process of AISI 4140 steel. Liquid nitrogen (LN2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were used as cryogenic coolants, and their performances were compared with respect to progression of tool wear. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) was also used with carbon dioxide. Progression of wear, including flank and nose, are the main outputs examined during experimental study. This study illustrates that carbon dioxide-assisted cryogenic machining alone and with minimum quantity lubrication does not contribute to decreasing the progression of wear within selected cutting conditions. This study also showed that carbon dioxide-assisted cryogenic machining helps to increase chip breakability. Liquid nitrogen-assisted cryogenic machining results in a reduction of tool wear, including flank and nose wear, in the machining process of AISI 4140 steel material. It was also observed that in the machining process of this material at a cutting speed of 80 m/min, built-up edges occurred in both cryogenic cooling conditions. Additionally, chip flow damage occurs in particularly dry machining.


The paper focuses on improving the terminology support of diagnosing the subjective component of socio-economic potential (and its components) under conditions that dynamically changing.


The Chinese and Japanese come from the Asiatic zone ineligible to citizenship. This means that the impulse to serve them has never been rooted in the Americanization zeal which has played so large a part, spoken or unspoken, in the attitude of Americans toward other transplanted folk. —Letter from Ethel Bird of the National Services Division ofthe YWCA to Mrs. Emily Price, Member of the Executive Board of the San Erancisco International Institute, March 9, 1934


According to the analysis on the contents of CODMn,TN,TP and heavy metal in the water samples and sediments collected from estuaries of Haihe River,Yongding New River and Duliujian River,it reaches a result that the water of these estuaries is heavily polluted,most of which exceeds the water-quality standard of class V.Based on the analysis on sediment pollution in these "three estuaries",the comprehensive pollution characteristics of heavy metal reveal that the three estuaries reach middle pollution level in terms of copper,zinc and chromium pollution,and stay at low pollution level in the aspects of lead,mercury,cadmium and arsenic.The extent of heavy metals followed the order: CuCrZnAsHgPbCd.Heavy metal contamination source analysis though principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that the contribution rates of the top three principal components were 47.53%,21.86% and 15.54%.The sediment from the estuary of Haihe River contains seven heavy metals with biggest concentration coefficients(Cd=7.66),and Yongding New River takes the second place(Cd=6.18).Besides,the sediment from Duliujian River includes the heavy metals with relatively smaller concentration coefficients(Cd=4.83).


The leaves of Chenopodium album Linn (Chinopodiaceae) are reported to have great medicinal value. Pharmacognostic evaluation including examinations of morphological and microscopic characters, determination of leaf constant, ash value, powder analysis, and extractive values were carried out. Phytochemical screening including qualitative chemical examinations was also carried out.


Congress and the U.S. Constitution impose no single apportionment method that all states must follow. The states have wide latitude in developing their apportionment formulas. The apportionment of business income for state tax purposes is a major consideration in maintaining the fairness of business taxation and encouraging business investment. This paper looks at the issues involved in deciding whether Alabama should change its apportionment formula to one that doubleweights the sales factor.


PURPOSE: A characteristic evaluation system of a plasma polymerized film using an UV spectrometer is provided to easily evaluate the surface characteristics of a sample having a polymer film continuously polymerized by plasma using non-contact method without influencing the vacuum status of a chamber. CONSTITUTION: The characteristic evaluation system comprises a transmissive part(14), an UV measuring probe(11) and an UV spectrometer connected to the UV measuring probe(11). UV is transmitted into a chamber through the transmissive part(14), by which the vacuum status of the chamber is maintained. The UV measuring probe(11) is mounted directly over the transmissive part(14). It is preferable that the chamber has a hole and is sealed by mounting the transmissive part(14) into the hole. It is further preferable that probe supporters(16) for controlling the level of the probe(14) are mounted on the outer wall of the chamber.


This study experimentally investigated the dimensional stability of SBR (styrene butadiene rubber)-modified cementitious mixtures in order to determine whether their properties are sustainable as a 3D additive construction material. Dimensional stability refers to resistance to material deformation caused by changes in internal relative humidity and temperature. Hence, drying and thermal shrinkage, which are the primary factors affecting dimensional stability, were tested. The mixing ratio of SBR-modified cementitious mixtures was determined based on a predetermined optimal flow of 70% ± 1% applicable for 3D additive construction applications. The results of this study showed that the elastic modulus, and drying shrinkage strain, excluding the coefficient of thermal expansion, all significantly improved as the SBR/cement ratio increased. In particular, drying shrinkage can be a disadvantage in 3D additive construction because drying in the printed mixtures is rapid due to the large specific exposure area of moldless construction. Consequently, mitigating drying shrinkage is very important. The elastic modulus, drying shrinkage, and coefficient of thermal expansion were all found to be associated with the dimensional stability obtained in this study. It was concluded that using SBR-modified cementitious mixtures was advantageous in terms of dimensional stability.


Cancer associated inflammation and the host immune response are key determinants of progression and outcome in solid malignancies. There is now persuasive evidence that inflammation is key to tumourigenesis via dna damage, stimulation of angiogenesis and proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis. there have long been suspicions that dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses promote the progression and dissemination of established cancers and there is a heightened risk of cancer development in individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases. the tumour microenvironment is now viewed as a battleground for pro-tumour and anti-tumour responses. We now see an increase array of novel therapeutic targets targeting innate and adaptive components of the immune response to cancer. ONCO-Immunology with immunotherapy are an established part of clinical practice differing from conventional anti-cancer treatments in that the strategies do not principally target cancer cells. This talk will focus on the evidence that inflammation influences malignant progression in gi malignancy discussing novel therapeutic strategies. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The mental load influence to the heart rate variability (HRV) spectral components is investigated for young healthy adults. The DLS method is applied to the HRV power spectra which is estimated by the linear prediction method and to calculate the spectral component analysis. The mental load is observed in the 0.1 Hz (low frequency (LF)) component. The greater the LF component without working, the greater the working influence to the LF component.


Aim: The 'choke vessels', defined by Taylor 1], are reduced-caliber anastomosing vessels which are normally the barrier in the vasculature. They also have capacity to dilate and increase the blood flow. The aim of this study is to investigate the anatomical and dynamic function of choke vessels.

Study design: The 3-territory bipedicled flaps were elevated on the back of the Wistar rats 2]. The flaps were directly sutured back in place in the revascularized group (10 animals), and the plastic sheets were underlaid in the non-revascularized group (10 animals). On the day 3, each flap was converted to the mono-pedicled flap and was scanned by the laser flow-graphy and injected for the angiography.

Results: All flaps survived completely. The revascularized flaps showed evenly dilated choke vessels in the 2 choke zones of the flaps and the blood flow from the vascular pedicle covered more than 2 territories. The non-revascularized flaps showed more remarkable but uneven dilatation of choke vessels between 2 choke zones. The blood flow in non-revascularized flaps, however, reached only 1 territory, blocked by the first choke zone which dilated less than the other zone.

Conclusions: By dilating, the choke vessels are activated and can have the adverse function of regulating the blood flow, namely, suppression and escalation of the blood flow.


In this paprr we consider the topological structure of the distribution of the integralcurves with one singular point on the torus.First of all,we define three kinds of sectors.We consider the neighborhood of thesingular point by separating it into sectors.Using the property of the torus and the factthat the sum of the index of the singular point is equal to zero,we obtain three classes offoundamental figures(see Tables Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ,on page 186—187).We define five classes of operations.We proved that from the three classes of founda-mental figures and the five classes of operations we can obtain all possible topologicalstructure with one singular point on the torus.Finally,we proved the differentdability of the figure and considered also rile case of afinite number of singular points on the torus.


of the use of feeder antibiotics, which has been put into execution makes the researchers look for alternative ways of diarrhea prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HERB-mix ® feed additive as a piglets' diarrhea prevention product, especially in the weaning period. The experiment was carried out on 12 litters divided into 2 groups according to the analogue rule: I - a control (standard feed with an addition of tylozyne and lincospectin), II - an experimental (standard feed with 0,5% addition of HERB-mix). Piglets were weighted on the 2 nd , 14 th , 28 th (weaning) and 42 nd day of life. On the 14 th , 28 th and 42 nd day blood samples from chosen piglets were taken to estimate acid-base balance, acute phase proteins (haptoglobine, fibrynogene, serum amyloid A), total protein and its fraction in serum. The diarrhea accidents didn't occur in group II, and sporadically appeared in group I during lactation time. Within 2 weeks after weaning, a daily gain inhibition in group II was observed; diarrhea accidents were noticed too. Daily gains in group I did not decrease significantly. Diarrhea accidents were observed too, however on a lower scale compared to the experimental group. The acid- base parameters were more stable in the experimental group, which suggests a normalizing influence of evaluated feed additive. Estimated acute phase proteins were on a lower level in experimental group throughout the study. Last results of blood examination imply higher body homeostasis of piglets from group II in spite of a decrease in their daily gains.


Objective To evaluate the relationship between the allele polymorphism of HLA-DR and T1DM in the Chinese populations.Methods The odds ratios(OR) of HLA-DR allele distributions in T1DM patients were analyzed against healthy controls.All the relevant studies in Wanfang Data,CNKI,Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database VIP Information,and Pubmed were identified,and poorly qualified studies were excluded.The meta-analysis software REVMAN 5.0 was applied for summarizing OR of relevant alleles in all the studies.The publication bias was also evaluated.Results DR3,DR4,DRB1*0301,and DRB1*0405 were the susceptible alleles(all P0.05) in the Chinese populations,their merger OR were 4.42,2.18,6.04,and 3.21 respectively.DR2,DR6,DR15,and DRB1*1101 were the protective alleles(P0.05),and their merger OR were 0.31,0.50,0.51,and 0.35 respectively.DR3/DR4 and DR3/DR9 were also the susceptible genotypes(P0.05),and their merger OR were 25.36 and 5.21 respectively.Conclusion In the Chinese populations,some HLA-DR alleles relevant to T1DM are not totally the same as in the reports on non-Chinese populations.Susceptible alleles in China such as DR3,DR4,DRB1*0301,DRB1*0405,DR3/DR4,and DR3/DR9 match those of the non-Chinese populations,while the protective DR2 also agrees with the non-Chinese ones.And other alleles are quite different.


The emission properties of aluminum-doped zinc oxide are numerically investigated. A complete model for photoluminescence, based on the set of rate equations for electron–hole recombination, is used to study the influence of carrier concentration (1017–1021  cm−3) on visible and ultraviolet (UV) emission. The set of coupled rate equations is solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique for various optical pump intensities. The results for low carrier concentration (∼1017  cm−3) show that at low pump intensity (0.01  mJ/cm2), visible emission is dominant in the emission spectrum, and as the pump intensity increases (∼1  mJ/cm2), the UV emission becomes dominant. The study of ultrafast dynamics shows that for pump pulse durations of less than ∼1  ns, the intensity of UV emission is an order of magnitude larger compared to the visible intensity for aluminum-doped zinc oxide samples with carrier concentration ∼1018  cm−3.


Previous studies show that associative classification achieves higher classification accuracy than traditional classification approaches. However, associative classification suffers from two major deficiencies and thus sometimes has lower classification accuracy. First, it often generates a large number of rules when the minimum support is set to be low. It is not only time consuming to discover so many itemsets, but also very difficult to select high quality rules from a huge set of rules. Second, the association measure confidence does not reflect correlation relationships between itemsets and the class label. To deal these problems, in this paper, we propose a new classification approach called classification based on multiple class-correlation rules (CMCCR). First, we use both support and all-confidence to mine not only frequent but also mutually associated itemsets. This method not only saves the running time but as well considerably reduces the number of itemsets generated, and thus sharply decreases the number of class-correlation rules produced. Second, we use a new correlation measure correlation confidence to discover class-correlation rules. The measure correlation confidence has two bounds: - 1and 1. It is easy to control the correlation degree of the class-correlation rules found. Finally, we use multiple class-correlation rules and average correlation degree to measure the combined effect of group rules. Experimental results on the mushroom data set show that CMCCR has higher and more stable accuracy than associative classification and decision tree method.


▼Rivastigmine (Exelon - Novartis) is the second cholinesterase inhibitor marketed for symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's dementia, and follows ▼donepezil (Aricept - Eisai; Pfizer). Previously, we have been "unconvinced of the value of donepezil in routine clinical practice".1,2 Rivastigmine has been promoted with the slogan "Beyond cognition: improving functional ability". Does rivastigmine offer useful benefits in Alzheimer's disease?


. The escalation of biodiversity damage has occurred in the Lampung Province sea area along with the increase in capture fisheries production,. This condition is one of them caused by destructive fishing activities. Destructive fishing is still a problem in the sea area of Lampung Province due to the lack of community role, especially in terms of supervision. Tackling destructive fishing based on community supervision is one form of community empowerment to play an active role and directly involved in efforts to combat damage to fishery resources. Therefore, this article discusses the problem of how the condition of the case of destructive fishing in Lampung Province? How are efforts to tackle destructive fishing in Lampung Province? And what is the policy model for controlling community-based destructive fishing? The results showed that from 2016 to 2019, there were 27 cases of the destructive fishery that were tried at the District Court A-Class Tanjung Karang. Efforts in overcoming destructive fishing in Lampung Province have so far tended to be a means of punishment or a repressive action with a criminal law approach. But in fact, this effort has not been able to solve the problem of destructive fishing. Therefore, this research offers a model of destructive fishing management based on community supervision through penal and non-penal means.


Chris Nind and Harold O. Seigel (Scintrex) and Michel Chouteau and Bernard Giroux
(Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal) explain the background to a new gravity sensor based on
proven quartz element technology which is small enough in diameter to operate in mining
industry exploratory boreholes as deep as 2 km but able to offer the same sensitivity as today's surface gravimeters.


Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in White populations. There are indications that risk factors for BCC may differ according to the anatomic site of the tumour but this is not well understood.


The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response in vertebrates. The MHC in man (HLA) and the mouse (H-2) is the most thoroughly studied case of a complex of linked genes (see [I] for a review). The H-2 locus maps on the murine chromosome 17 (Fig. 1). Three different types of proteins are encoded by the H-2 region. The class I molecules regulate the killing of virus-infected cells. The virus antigen is recognized in association with class I proteins. This is known as MHC restriction of T-cell recognition [2]. The bestcharacterized class I molecules are the classical transpantation antigens found on virtually all cells, encoded by the H-2K, H-2D, and H-2L loci. Class I antigens are also encoded by the TL complex, adjacent to the classical H-2 loci. The Qa and Tla proteins are lymphoid differentiation antigens. Class I molecules are intrinsic membrane proteins with molecular weights (MW) of 40,000-45,000. They are associated with a smaller polypeptide, ß, microglobulin, MW 12,000, not encoded by chromosome 17. The class I1 genes were originally discovered as immune-response genes. They regulate the interaction of T-helper cells and B cells to induce antibody prod~ction [3]. The class I11 molecules encoded by the H-2 region are complement components. One of the most remarkable properties of the H-2 antigens is their genetic polymorphism. In fact, about 50 alleles at both the H-2K and H-2D loci have been detected. In this aspect, they differ sharply from almost all other genes. We are particularly interested in how the H-2 polymorphism is generated. We think it likely that the analysis of the class I genes by recombinant DNA techniques will provide some clues to the nature of the polymorphism.


This paper explains the problems of China's environmental regulations and programs regarding e-waste, with an emphasis on the multiscalar processes of globalization. Such problems are the consequence of diverse global policy mandates governing the transnational flows of e-waste and conflicting responses of the key actors in China at the national and local levels. Based on field studies carried out in China from 2000 to 2003, this study reveals the transplanting of "best-practice" of environmental policies from developed countries to China. We maintain that it is the conflicting views at different geographic scales regarding the global flows of e-waste and its localization in coastal China that have increased the complexity and difficulty in achieving a more effective regulatory system for a better environment. The conclusion recommends that the adoption of the extended producer responsibility principle in China should be a multiscalar process with three key environmental concerns - the green consumption of electronics products, environmentally sound technology innovation of the domestic electronics products, and the upgrading of the recycling industry in China.


The late early modern period witnessed critical consumer transitions across Europe. Yet, while the explosion of the material world and the transition from an 'old luxury' material culture to a 'new luxury' model is well documented, our understanding of the underlying value systems of consumer goods is still under‐developed. Building on a database of eighteenth‐century advertisements for household auctions in the London‐based Daily Advertiser, this article maps the value systems that characterized elite secondary markets in London. We find the language of consumption growing in complexity and sophistication as the eighteenth century progressed, but historiographically, key concepts such as fashion and modernity played minor and sometimes unexpected roles. While silverware is traditionally perceived as a store of wealth and marker of status, and hence a textbook 'old luxury', in the auction advertisements it is often praised for its design value. Chinaware, often attributed a central role in forging an affordable yet fashion‐sensitive 'new luxury model', is paradoxically valued for its age and patina. In fact, the boundaries between 'new' and 'old' luxuries were never clear‐cut. The intrinsic value of material culture continued to matter, and the language of consumption continued to reproduce social inequalities, much as it did in previous centuries.