The purpose of this study is to compare the time-frequency characteristic, the amplitude and the timing of recruitment of the EMG signal, as well as the three-dimensional kinematics, of the lower limb of female and male volleyball players performing a onelegged
drop jump landing. Results showed that women landed with significantly higher peak knee abduction angles than men. Furthermore, peak activity of the semitendinosus, relative to initial contact (IC), occurred significantly sooner (prior tolC) for the female athletes than the male athletes (following IC). The male volleyball players' timing might be more protective to the ACL as the peak anterior tibio-femoral shear force is generated after IC. In addition, no gender differences were found for median frequency of muscle activity prior to and following IC.


Micro sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) have limited energy. Communication stops when these nodes lose their energy completely. In this paper, presented on Multi-Hop LEACH energy efficient routing protocol for wireless Sensor networks, a method of routing is suggested based on both particle swarm optimisation technique and V-LEACH protocol and multi-hop network design. To minimize energy dissipation in the transmission from cluster head to the base station, multi-hop communication has been used.


A bioassay was developed to assess the stable carbon isotopic composition of planktonic bacteria from the Parker River estuary, Massachusetts. The results suggest that carbon isotopic measurements are useful for tracing the linkage between bacteria and the plant sources of substrates that support bacterial growth


Enterovirus RNA has been found previously in specimens of muscle biopsy from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic inflammatory muscle diseases, and fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome (fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome). These results suggest that skeletal muscle may host enteroviral persistent infection. To test this hypothesis, we investigated by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay the presence of enterovirus in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic inflammatory muscle diseases or fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome, and also of healthy subjects. Three of 15 (20%) patients with chronic inflammatory muscle diseases, 4 of 30 (13%) patients with fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome, and none of 29 healthy subjects was found positive. The presence of VP‐1 enteroviral capsid protein was assessed by an immunostaining technique using the 5‐D8/1 monoclonal antibody; no biopsy muscle from any patient or healthy subject was found positive. The presence of viral RNA in some muscle biopsies from patients exhibiting muscle disease, together with the absence of VP‐1 protein, is in favor of a persistent infection involving defective viral replication. J. Med. Virol. 71:540–547, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The vacuum ultraviolet of photolysis of ethylene with argon resonance radiation leads to ion formation with a quantum yield (ionization efficiency) of 0.218 ± 0.015. Ethylene ion immediately forms an adduct with ethylene with an internal energy of 58 kcal/mole above the most stable 2‐butene or methylpropene ion configurations. Neutralization of the C4H8+ ions by charge exchange with toluene, dimethylamine, or trimethylamine yields 2‐butene and methylpropene as neutral counterparts to ions assumed to have a similar structure. The relative abundance of the isomers is dependent on the concentrations of charge acceptor and of inert gases. Results are interpreted in terms of an equilibrium between the ionic precursors of 2‐butene and methylpropene. A transition state corresponding to a loose methylcylopropane ion structure, with a barrier of about 30 kcal/mole, is postulated for the isomerization. The effects of inert additives and ethylene, which does not react rapidly with C4H8+ ion, are ascribed to successi...


Research on developing algorithms for building modeling such as extracting outlines of the buildings and segmenting patches of the roofs using aerial images or LiDAR data are active. However, utilizing information from the building model is not well implemented yet. This study aims to propose a scheme for search identical or similar shape of buildings by utilizing graph topology pattern matching under the assumptions: (1) Buildings were modeled beforehand using imagery or LiDAR data, or (2) 3D building data from digital maps are available. Side walls, segmented roofs and footprints were represented as nodes, and relationships among the nodes were defined using graph topology. Topology graph database was generated and pattern matching was performed with buildings of various shapes. The results show that efficiency of the proposed method in terms of reliability of matching and database structure. In addition, flexibility in the search was achieved by altering conditions for the pattern matching. Furthermore, topology graph representation could be used as scale and rotation invariant shape descriptor.


Introduction COVID-19 has had a devastating effect around the globe with over 560,000 deaths and 12 8 million people now infected as of 13 July according to WHO, 2020 Our study looked at the pandemic's effect on acute admissions across two institutions compared to the same time (23 March to 30 April) in 2019 Method We collected data using records from the hospital's coding department, analysed patients discharge letters, and grouped patients by their final diagnoses We also looked at variances in daily acute admission numbers Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test and descriptive statistics Results One hundred seventy-six patients were admitted in 2019 and 92 patients in 2020 There was a 58% significant reduction in acute admissions in 2020 (p<0 0000226) Five (5 43%) patients died in 2020 compared to four (2 27%) in 2019, and the most common presentation was renal colic, 23% rising to 29% in 2020 Conclusion There was a significant reduction in acute urological admissions during the UK lockdown period Possibly as a consequence, the mortality rate doubled Further analysis with larger cohorts is recommended for future studies


CANAL SIDE SLOPE STABILITY IS RELATED TO GROUND WATER HYDRAULIC GRADIENT, CHANNEL FLOW VELOCITY, AND INITIAL SIDE SLOPE ANGLE. A QUANTITIATIVE, AS WELL AS QUALITATIVE, INVESTIGATION OF CHANNEL SIDE SLOPE STABILITY IS BASED ON AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL IN A LABORATORY FLUME. VARIOUS COMBNATIONS OF THE AFORE- MENTIONED VARIABLES WERE TESTED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF SEEPAGE ON CHANNEL SIDE SLOPE STABILITY WITH VARIOUS HYDRAULIC AND GEOMETRIC CONDITIONS IN THE CHANNEL. AN EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP IS DEVELOPED FOR SIDE SLOPE SEEPAGE EXPRESSING THE EROSION OF THE SIDE SLOPE AS A FUNCTION OF HYDRAULIC GRADIENT AND FLOW VELOCITY IN THE CHANNEL. AT RELATIVELY LOW VELOCITIES (V LESS THAN 1 FT PER SEC) THE EROSION OF THE SIDE SLOPE IS DUE PRIMARILY TO THE HYDRAULIC GRADIENT. AT HIGHER CHANNEL VELOCITIES, THE SIDE SLOPES FROSION IS A FUNCTION OF CHANNEL FLOW VELOCITY AS WELL AS THE GROUND WATER HYDRAULIC GRADIENT. /AUTHOR/


On the basis of the test for soil water characteristic curve of upland yellow soil and the moisture constant have been determined in central Guizhou province. The speed and rule for soil moisture loss under different cropping systems and irrigation rates have been recognized by means of a 2-year location trial. The availability of water utilization for crops is limited. The resistance of upland yellow soil to drought and the seasonal drought is enslaved to precipitation. The moisture loss differentiates with the seasonal climate and crop types which should be brought into the consideration as major factors of irrigation. The development of rainfall collection works with the natural and economic circumstance and a systematic irrigation measure including a reasonable irrigation rate are the outlet for seasonal drought in upland yellow soil.


A three story steel frame structure in Kunming adopts friction pendulum isolation technology. The structure height is 18. 7m and the maximum floor height is 3. 6m,The vertical stiffness of the friction pendulum isolator is obtained by experiment. In SAP2000,through reasonable parameter settings,the plastic time history analysis of the rare earthquake in this structure is carried out. the conditions for the failure of the bearing under rare earthquake are proposed. The results show that the structure of all the friction pendulum bearing is not destroyed under the rare earthquake.


This article posits that schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa has so far failed to yield the results expected of it on two grounds. First, the population of persons accessing both basic education and other levels of education is negligible in comparison with those who ought to access them (1 out of every 4 primary school age children; less than half of the qualified secondary school students; about 7% gross enrolment within higher education). Second, schooling has failed to deliver the kind of socio-economic development expected in the case of Sub-Saharan Africa as a high prevalence of poverty still exists and incongruity continues to exist between the education provided and the livelihoods of Sub-Saharan Africans. Using this poor educational and development performance as justification, a more utilitarian, relevant and sustainable approach to basic education and learning is recommended for Africa going forward. This recommended approach combines both the current school system with a special non-formal education system for the purpose of delivering basic education and learning in Sub-Saharan Africa in the twenty-first century.


In the title hydrate, C17H17ClN2O2·H2O, the dihedral angles formed by the aromatic rings of the chlorobenzene and methylbenzene groups with the mean planes of their attached NH—C(O)—CH2 fragments are 16.6 (2) and 22.8 (2)°, respectively. In the crystal, O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane.


Recently, most of the stock markets all over the world have ever experienced the worst situation since the great depression of 1929. Some of the stock market indices have dropped down to the half of the indices achieved in October of 2007. This kind of rapid downfalls in the stock markets has been happening in the southeastern Asia including Korea and Chine. With this in mind, we tried to figure out how to make the sound investment in stocks from a decision-making theorist perspective. To this end, we employed the TOPSIS for the purpose of discriminating the stocks and proposed the decision-making framework for picking up the best stock. Finally, we demonstrate how to apply it to the stocks listed in KOSPI.


The present band‐selective photodetection is realized by incorporating different optical filters with broadband photodetectors (PDs). However, the use of the optical filters reduces the overall PD sensitivity. This work reports on the effort to develop high‐performance filter‐free band‐selective organic photodetectors (OPDs) having a heterostructure photoactive layer architecture, comprising a semiconducting shorter‐wavelength light depletion layer and a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer with an extended absorption to longer wavelengths. The filter‐free band‐selective photodetection is realized by adjusting the difference in wavelengths between the transmission cut‐off wavelength of the semiconducting light depletion layer and the absorption edge of the BHJ layer. For example, a filter‐free visible‐blind near‐infrared OPD, with a spectral rejection ratio of 100, a high responsivity of 0.39 A W−1, a high −3 dB cutoff frequency of 80 kHz, and a fast response time of ≈7 µs, is demonstrated, offering an exciting option for a plethora of applications in imaging and light communications.


In this study, it is aimed to determine the efficiencies of school managers in educational administration by getting teacher opinions. The research's field of study includes totally 40 teachers ( 21 female , 19 male ) who works in Sapanca, Sakarya: 10 pre-school teachers, 10 primary school teachers, 10 secondary school teachers and 10 high school teachers. In the e search, teachers were asked 6 questions to find the proficiencies of school managers in educational administration by gitting teacher opinions. Since the interviews were made in computer environment, they were recorded digitally and then turned into written documents. At the end of there search, the proficiencies of school managers in educational administration according to the teacher opinions were evaluated under 6 titles. It was mostly declared by the teachers that managers should be fair. When evaluated as academically, it was stated that they should support the students and give importance to education more than enough hand also was mostly declared that they should motivate and award the students to improve their academic success. In terms of social activities, it was stated that they should provide all kind of opportunities by thin kind the personal differences of the students. Finally, when evaluated as their attitudes towards teachers, it was indicated that they should be fair, respectful managers who can communicate well. © IJERE. All rights reserved


Arteriosclerosis is a disease, which is widespread in the Western world. In addition to the cholesterol hypothesis, which has not been scientifically proven so far, mainly inflammatory and oxidative processes at the vascular wall are regarded to be the cause for this disease. Micronutrients can therapeutically and mainly preventively influence causal processes of the development of arteriosclerosis in a positive way.


The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a learning environment using an Electronic Health Record (EHR) on undergraduate nursing students' behavioral intention (BI) to use an EHR. BI is defined by Davis (1989) in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the degree to which a person has formulated conscious plans to perform or not perform some specified future behavior. BI is determined by measuring the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of a particular technology or information system. The study employed 56 undergraduate nursing students, both juniors and seniors, from three (3) accredited Schools of Nursing in a survey research approach that uses a cross-sectional between-subjects design. One-on-one interviews also were used to document undergraduate nursing students' perceived behavioral intention of an EHR in the learning environment on clinical rotations and on practice. Participants were recruited using sampling procedures during the fall 2010 and spring 2011 semesters. They were either enrolled at (1) Schools of Nursing that bring an authentic EHR experience into the curricula in order to teach nursing practice or; (2) a School of Nursing that uses a paper-based approach to teach nursing practice. In both environments students also had experience with an EHR on clinical rotations. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire that has items to assess the perceived usefulness (PU) and the perceived ease of use (PEOU) of an EHR. They were also given the option to participate in a follow-up interview. During the interview, they were asked to share their perceptions of their behavioral intention to


The utility model discloses a light-volume filter, comprising a box body, wherein a resonant cavity is formed in the box body, the inner wall of the resonant cavity is plated with silver, a plurality of installation holes are formed on the periphery of the resonant cavity, a plurality of signal resonant frequency control rods are installed in the resonant cavity, and a near-end and far-end suppression control component is installed among the signal resonant frequency control rods; a signal input port SMA-KFD type connector and a signal output port SMA-KFD type connector are installed on the side of the box body, and the two connectors are connected to the signal resonant frequency control rods via a signal input transmission wire and a signal output transmission wire; and a cover plate is arranged on the upper surface of the box body. The light-volume filter disclosed by the utility model has the main characteristics of being small in design shape and light in volume, and the maximum weight of the light-volume filter is not greater than 0.5 Kg, so that the weight of an overall system and the safety of installation and maintenance are greatly reduced by using the light-volume filter. The light-volume filter is provided with two ports which are directly connected to the signal processing equipment of a complete machine via feeders, and further has many advantages of being less in loss, beautiful in design, smooth in signal transmission, convenient in installation and maintenance, etc.


This study aimed to investigate the effects of two functional sport shirts with different fiber compositions (polyester: 100% polyester vs polyester–lyocell combination: 67%–33%) on thermoregulation and wearing comfort during treadmill walking at an average intensity under moderate environmental conditions. It was hypothesized that the hydrophilic lyocell fibers would benefit sweat evaporation and, thus, provide a superior cooling effect. Using a repeated-measures study design, core, surface and between skin-and-shirt temperatures were measured in 11 men while wearing either the polyester or polyester–lyocell shirt. Additionally, sweat loss, heart rate and subjective perception of comfort were determined. In spite of significantly greater sweat production, relative humidity was lower with the polyester–lyocell shirt. In the later phases of the walking intervention, the temperatures were consistently higher with polyester–lyocell, although between-shirt differences failed to reach significance. These results suggest that greater water retention limits the thermoregulatory efficiency of cellulosic fibers when excessive sweat production occurs.


Service quality of airports is evaluated by several studies on a regular basis (ACI, Skytrax, ATRS). Many studies do not or only partly include airport security and border control services as quality drivers of passengers' airport experience. Reasons are that security and border control services are mostly handled by governmental organizations or external security companies rather than by the airports themselves. From a passenger perspective security and border control are steps of the service chain at airports and they can have an impact on travelers' first perception of service culture in a destination. They belong to the procedure at the airport and can have an impact on airport service quality perception. Furthermore, as border control and security checks are the first and last interaction point of travelers with a destination, there might be an impact on the feelings and memories of travelers about a country. Therefore the underlying study focuses on customer value provided by security and border control services at airports and its impacts on passengers' quality perception of the airport and the destination.
The results show that most of the participants do not see a relation between the performance of an airport at security check and border control and the service culture of the destination they travel to. There are no specific expectations concerning the treatment at security and border control at the airport. But on one hand the passengers expect more friendly staff and more information about the procedure and what they are allowed to take into the secure area of the airport. On the other hand, the security checks are perceived as strict and some rules and behaviors of security staff are not understandable. Sometimes Passengers do not feel fairly treated by the security department. Passengers feel that they are seen as a potential threat. Passengers think that the treatment in Europe is generally more friendly than in the United States.


Atrazine added in different doses to the culture media, augmented with glucose, of Aulosira fertilissima, Tolypothrix tenuis, Anabaena oryzae and Nostoc muscorum enhanced heterocyst frequency and efficiency of nitrogen fixation. Variations in the amounts of fixed nitrogen between the four test organisms may be attributed to differences in the levels of the high energy substance ATP, and also to various effects on the permeability barrier of cells. Although atrazine is a metabolic inhibitor, it enhanced particularly the nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, leading to more amino‐N and protein‐N accumulation, yielding active synthesis of organic phosphorus, total soluble and insoluble phosphorus contents.


McLoughlin, D. K. (1964). Activity of dimetridazole in Trichomonas foetus ORAL ADMINISTRATION of 50 mg. dimetri- dazole/kg. body wt., either by capsule or in the food for five days, eliminated Tr. foetus infections from six bulls. A of one bull not two the bulls also refractory to a course of treatment at 25 mg./kg. and to one at 50 mg./kg., by capsule. The bulls were then given 100 mg./kg., again by capsule. One animal remained infected, but no trichomonads were recovered from the other in four examinations during six weeks after treatment.


Selectively induced compressive residual stress depth profiles are gaining increasing importance as design tool for internally pressurized components. Hydraulic Autofrettage (AF) is a well-known manufacturing process to induce pronounced compressive residual stresses. However, AF does not stand alone in the technical process chain. In this paper, results from neutron diffraction experiments performed on thick-walled cylinders are presented and compared to finite-element simulations with Abaqus/CAE. The impact on the final residual stress depth profile after pre-machining, Autofrettage and post-machining is discussed.


Objective
To explore a new method of radiological and measuring the posterior foot line of force based on X-ray films, and to study the evaluation accuracy of flatfoot patients.

Methods
Prospective study. Twenty-eight patients (40 feet) with flatfeet(flatfoot group) and 20 volunteers (40 feet, control group) admitted to foot and ankle surgery department of Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, were taken from January to December 2018. The Saltzman position shooting stand independently designed by our department has been used to take the hindfoot alignment X-ray at 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° respectively. The differences in age, gender, gender, and BMI were compared between the two groups.The modified tibio-hindfoot angle (THA) at standard Saltzman position (shooting at 20°) and the consistency with the van Dijk method and the modified van Dijk method were evaluated. The THA results of the three measurement methods with the weighted CT measurements reported in the literature were compared. The visibility of tibiotalar joint space of all imaging data at five projection angles were observed; and the consistency of the modified THA method at different projection angles were evaluated.

Results
There was no significant difference in age, gender, sides, or BMI between the two groups (all P values>0.05). The intra-group consistency of the three measurement methods was excellent, and the intra-group consistency was the best in modified THA group(intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.928). The results of modified THA method were significantly larger than those of van Dijk method and modified van Dijk method.The mean THA in standard Saltzman view in normal people were significantly different between the three evaluation methods (F=0.092, P 0.05). The tibiotalar space in the normal group were visible in all cases at 10°, 15°, 20° (100%); and visible in some cases at 25° (70%); and invisible in all cases at 30° (0%). In the flatfoot group, the tibiotalar space were visible in all cases at 10° (100%); and in some cases at 15° and 20° (80%); and invisible in all cases at 25° and 30° (0%). In the normal group, the modified THA was 4.84±1.81° at 10°, 4.96±1.77° at 15°, 4.94±2.04° at 20°. No significant difference was found between the three groups (F=1.570, P>0.05). In the flatfoot group, the modified THA of 18 feet, which was visible at 10°, 15° and 20°, was 13.58°±3.57° at 10°, 13.62°±3.83° at 15° and 13.38°±4.06° at 20°. There was no significant difference between the three groups (F=0.197, P>0.05).

Conclusions
The modified THA evaluation method is easy to operate and has high inter-group and intra-group consistency. It can be used to evaluate hindfoot alignment. For patients with flatfeet, the 10° position view and modified THA measurement can be used to evaluate the hindfoot valgus conditions.

Key words:
Flatfoot; Hindfoot alignment; Radiology measurement


Previous studies on the changes in both the activity and localization of acid hydrolases in tails of Xenopus larvae during growth and metamorphosis have led to the conclusion that the increase in activity of cathepsins and acid phosphatase in the regressing tissue reflects the synthesis of acid hydrolases by activated macrophages, rather than the release of such enzymes from preformed lysosomes in the regressing tissue itself (13, 14). In order to elucidate the mechanism that could account for the progressive stimulation of phagocytic activity, it appeared of relevance to follow the regressive changes in the fine structure of the tadpole tail. This study was also promoted by the recognition of the fact that, in spite of a voluminous literature on the histological aspect of tail regression, a number of important problems have remained unsolved. In fact, there exist divergent views, e.g. on the relative importance of autolysis and phagocytosis, or on the origin of macrophages in the regressing tadpole tail (2). The present report, based on a very extended electron microscope study, is chiefly concerned with some conspicuous early changes in the fine


The back-propagation algorithm has long been the de-facto standard in optimizing weights and biases in neural networks, particularly in cutting-edge deep learning models. Its widespread adoption in fields like natural language processing, computer vision, and remote sensing has revolutionized automation in various tasks. The popularity of back-propagation stems from its ability to achieve outstanding performance in tasks such as classification, detection, and segmentation. Nevertheless, back-propagation is not without its limitations, encompassing sensitivity to initial conditions, vanishing gradients, overfitting, and computational complexity. The recent introduction of a forward-forward algorithm (FFA), which computes local goodness functions to optimize network parameters, alleviates the dependence on substantial computational resources and the constant need for architectural scaling. This study investigates the application of FFA for hyperspectral image classification. Experimental results and comparative analysis are provided with the use of the traditional back-propagation algorithm. Preliminary results show the potential behind FFA and its promises.


Abstract. One of the most important problems facing road transport today is improving traffic safety. To solve it, it is necessary to promptly investigate road traffic accidents (accidents) to establish the causes and take measures to eliminate them. Therefore, the solution of this problem largely depends on the effectiveness of the work of expert services. At the same time, examinations are carried out for a long time due to the overload of expert services. This is due to the lack of methods for determining their structure, taking into account the conditions of a particular region. Research in the field of accident examination is mainly aimed at improving the methods of accident analysis. The influence of the main factors on the need for expertise, as well as the influence of expert qualifications on the intensity of application processing, has not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of research in general is to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the system of expert investigation of accidents, and the article presents a fragment of the results aimed at establishing the regularity of the influence of age and seniority on the performance of experts. To achieve this goal, an experiment was conducted to collect statistics on the number of applications processed by experts of different ages with different work experience. Using correlation and regression analysis, the significance of the factors under consideration is proved, and regression models of their influence on the intensity of application processing are obtained. It has been established that with an increase in age and length of service, the intensity of processing applications first increases, then stabilizes. Processing of the experimental results showed that the influence of both the age and the experience of experts on their performance is described by logarithmic models. Therefore, when determining the performance of an expert, it is necessary to take into account only his experience, since it has a greater impact on the indicator under consideration. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is the establishment of a pattern of the wagging of the expert's experience on his performance in the analysis of an accident. Practical significance is the possibility of using the results in the development of methods for forming the structure of the expert service. Further research should be carried out in the direction of developing a simulation model of the expert system and a methodology for determining the structure of the expert service.


The detection of athlete contact is of great significance for the safety of athletes and the fairness of sports events. The commonly used method is to have athletes wear sensors and set up multi-camera positions on the field, and then perform contact detection by analyzing the data from the sensors and cameras. This paper focuses on the scenario of dual video streams and multiple sensor data, where the images are sampled over time to obtain information features related to the temporal dimension. Multi-layer perceptron and XGBoost are used to fit the sensor data, and the EfficientNetB4 model is selected to extract features from multi-angle images stacked along the time dimension, thus achieving feature fusion based on both the time and spatial dimensions. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in contact detection using multi-sensor data.


Oroo' is a language of nomadic Penans in the rainforests of Borneo and the only way of asynchronous communication between nomadic groups in the forest journey. Like many other indigenous languages, the Oroo' language is also facing imminent extinction. In this paper, we present the research process and reflections of a multidisciplinary community-based research project on digitalizing and preserving the Oroo' sign language. As a methodology for project activities, we are employing Participatory Action Research in Software Development Methodology Augmentation PRISMA. Preliminary results show a general interest in digital contents and a positive impact of the project activities. In this paper, we present scenario of a research project that is retooled to fit the need of communities, informing language revitalization efforts and assisting with the evolution of community-based research design.


The human‐machine interface design is not a new problem; however, existing knowledge appears to be focused either on interface conceptual design, which determines what information at what time needs to be displayed, or on interface detailed design, which determines the form of display elements. This article presents a study on interface layout design. Three interface layout designs were proposed based on the proximity compatibility priniciple, which were on the same interface conceptual design. In particular, the first interface layout design is with the highest degree of proximity cognition and the second and third with a reduced degree of proximity cognition. They are called sophisticated, semisophisticated, and nonsophisticated interfaces, respectively. An experiment with a simple process plant was conducted to understand user behaviors on the three interfaces. It is noted that in order to provide an unbiased comparative evaluation of these interfaces the same application problem and similar look‐and‐feel forms of interfaces were designed. In the experiment, three general classes of tasks were considered, namely, normal control operation, fault detection (or monitoring), and fault diagnosis. Two categories of measures were used: the performance measure and the subjective measure. The major results obtained from the experiment are 1) the nonsophisticated interface is the best for fault detections in terms of performance measure; besides, this interface has the lowest mental workload for fault detection; 2) the sophisticated interface is the best for normal operation in terms of performance measure; 3) there appears no significant difference for fault diagnosis in terms of performance measures for all these three interfaces; 4) for normal operation and fault diagnosis, the mental workloads for the three interfaces have no significant difference. Overall, the experiment suggests that the nonsophisticated interface be used in practice with additional two reasons: 1) most of time in the chemical process plant today is the fault detection or operation monitoring task, and 2) it is relatively easier for the nonsophisticated interface to adapt to changes in the chemical process plant design, which are common in today's manufacturing environments.


Biobanks are generally created with the long-term goal of establishing genotype-phenotype correlations. These resources collect and link DNA with health information for use in future genetic research studies. The biobanking process can vary with regard to specific characteristics in study design. Biobanks may extract DNA by using DNA from leftover samples or obtaining new DNA samples specifically for the biobank. Biobanks also vary in whether they use an optin or opt-out informed consent process. Some biobanks collect health information at a single point in time, while others "re-access" such information at designated points in the future to categorize subjects accurately into affected/unaffected status. These study design differences can influence the perception of participants and affect their willingness to participate. This paper will address the following three key issues: (1) why people decide to participate in DNA biobanks, (2) what enrollees understand about their participation in DNA biobanks, and (3) how participants feel about the possibility that biobanks will re-contact them, either to obtain new information for future studies or to share potential study results. Finally, we will suggest how information related to these three key issues ought to inform future study design for biobanks.


Introduction: Pathophysiology of the aorta negatively impacts cardiovascular health. Hypothesis: Assessment of aortic anatomy facilitates population-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratifi...


How do graphs look like? How do they evolve over time? How can we generate realistic-looking graphs? We review some static and temporal 'laws', and we describe the ``Kronecker'' graph generator, which naturally matches all of the known properties of real graphs. We also describe some case studies.
 The first is on influence and virus propagation on real graphs, where we show that the so-called ``epidemic threshold'' of a graph depends only on the first eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix. The second shows how to spot patterns in e-bay interaction graphs, indicative of the ``non-delivery'' type of fraud. The last is analysis on blog cascades and some surprising patterns there.


anorexia and bulimia*, nervosa may also be under-diagnosed in this group. In the sections on obesity, little is written about the importance, at least in terms of numbers who take part, of well established treatment venues such as Weight Watchers. These, however, are minor quibbles. I found the book stimulating and informative, particularly in the way that it brings the wide spectrum of eating pathology into a balanced focus. Perhaps predictably, in these times of increasing famine in many underdeveloped countries, I was left with a sense of unease about our well-fed first world communities struggling with the problems of eating.


This paper reports on an experiment the aim of which was to determine whether a complex full body activity, learnt on a new prototype simulator, can be transferred into the real world. The activity was 'continuous linked ski turns' as performed in downhill skiing and the new simulator was designed and built by the author. Although the benefits of simulators in areas such as aviation and medicine are well documented, there is little published evidence that complex whole-body movements learnt via simulation are effective in the real world. In scope, this paper covers the development of a programme for learning complex skiing skills on the new simulator, a programme for transferring those skills into the real world and an experiment to test for transference of those skills. The results from this research provided some tentative evidence to support the research aim.


The study of and research on the civil procedure law are procedural measures to correctly implement civil procedure law and ensure the impartiality of the civil substantive law.Among the multiple teaching methods of the procedural law,case teaching is most effective in the teaching process of civil procedure law.In accordance with its own features,this paper discusses the main principles and method design of case teaching of the civil procedure law,which offers reference for the improvement in such teaching.


A study at Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co's. laboratories to evaluate pipeline coatings for general use led to a recommendation of thin-film powdered resins for extreme cold-weather regions. Test results indicate that electrostatically applied thermosetting thin-film powders have the best possible properties for pipeline coatings. The thin-film coatings have proven to be tougher and stronger than any other type of pipeline coating. They are more resistant to abrasion and impact, and their adhesion to steel is considered excellent. Their heat-resistant properties are proven superior, and they are highly resistant to deformation caused by soil stresses.


The present invention provides an antenna array. The antenna array comprises a substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The first side has a first conductor comprising narrow elements and wide elements. The second side has a second conductor comprising narrow elements and wide elements. Such that the first conductor narrow elements are above the second conductor wide elements and the first conductor wide elements are above the second conductor narrow elements. The first conductor further has a feed element and a terminating element.


The current study involved a telephone survey of the knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviours to driver fatigue of 1000 licence holders in New South Wales. The research was conducted to provide future strategic directions for driver fatigue policy and public education in NSW. Basic analyses of results, as well as more complex statistical analyses are presented. These revealed the importance of attitudes to driver fatigue (including perceptions of its seriousness) as well as situational factors to self-reported driver fatigue behaviour. The more complex analyses lead to the creation of a driver behaviour index, the creation of four clusters or types of fatigued driver and path analyses to quantify the relationship of perceptions of the seriousness of driver fatigue with attitudes and behaviour. Implications of the study include the likely benefits of further increasing the perceived seriousness of driver fatigue and decreasing its social acceptability. It also notes the importance of considering reasons that some groups of drivers give for pushing-on when tired and their general resistance to breaks. The study gives useful data on the most salient warning signs for driver fatigue and indicates community support for the creation of an offence of driving while fatigued. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E215375.


Employing probabilistic constellation shaping with jointly optimized entropy and symbol-rate, we demonstrate that the tolerance towards WSS filtering can be significantly enhanced. Compared with standard uniform modulation, OSNR gains in the range of 1–3 dB are experimentally demonstrated for 400G–600G systems, after 5–10 WSS passes.


Examination of 540 Italians indicated that the third molar may form between the 6th and 13th year of life. The statistical possibilities of forecasting agenesis of this tooth at different periods of life are evaluated in this light of the data obtained.


Objective To detect the ways of quality control of transcatheter closure of congenital heart defect.Methods Transcatheter closure of congenital heart defect was performed in 98 patients with congenital heart defect,of whom 34 were concerned with atrial septal defect(ASD),36 patient ductus arteriosus(PDA),26 ventricular septal defect(VSD).2 patent ductus arteriosus with ventricular septal defect(VSD).Results A success rate of 97.76% was obstained and no serious complications occurred;10 cases had general complications,the incidence(10/97) 10.3%;2 cases had serious complications,the incidence(2/97) 2%;No deaths occurred.Conclusion The ways of the initial transcatheter closure of congenital heart defect quality control were as follows: ① the short-term learning from hospital with mature skills combined with inviting experts for operation were shortcuts for carrying out transcatheter closure of congenital heart defect independently in Prefectural and Municipal Hospital;② Strict indications as well as following the principle of gradual procedure were the key points to improve the success rate;③Strictly following the operating procedures,operating gentlely,appropriate retreating when necessary,close observation after operation can ovoid the complications;④ multi-disciplinary collaboration,mutual discussion can further promote this technology.


Evaporating fronts propagate through porous media during drying processes, underground coal gasification, geothermal energy production from hot dry rock, and around nuclear waste repositories. Present work will focus on the one-dimensional heat transfer at the interface between vapor saturated porous matrix and water saturated porous region and evaluate the conditions for which various approximations yield an accurate representation of front velocity. An implicit finite difference scheme is utilized to simulate the propagation of an evaporating front in a porous medium saturated with water and undergoing the phase change process. The assumption of local thermal equilibrium (LTE) which results in a one-equation model and a simple two-equation model that does not assume LTE are examined by comparison with a quasi-analytic numerical model. We consider the case for low Reynolds number, hence Nusselt number is assumed constant. Results illustrate that the one-equation model does not yield accurate results even if the length scale for diffusion in the solid phase is relatively small. The one-equation model predicts faster front propagation than the two-equation model. It is illustrated that the one-equation model yields satisfactory results only when thermophysical properties characterized by the volume weighted ratio of thermal diffusivities is reduced to an order of magnitude less than those for the applications of interest. In addition, consistent with the established "rule of thumb", for Biot < 0.1, the traditional two-equation model which makes the lumped capacitance assumption for the solid phase compares well with a two-equation model that more accurately predicts the time dependent diffusion in the solid phase using Duhamel's theorem.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This dissertation explores how children communicate their experiences of place. It focuses on the qualitative methods of group interviews, walks, drawings and photographs, and asks how children com ...


A central tenet of cognitive theories of depression implicates the organisation of self‐referential material in the depressive process. However, few studies have extended beyond the examination of cognitive products and processes to assess the interconnectedness of the depressive self‐schema. Clinically depressed participants completed a computerised measure of the cognitive organisation of positive and negative adjectives. Participants organised adjectives according to two dimensions (i.e., valence and self‐descriptiveness), and an interstimulus distance index of interconnectedness was computed. The sample was divided into two groups to assess whether differential organisation was associated with the number of previous episodes individuals had experienced. Analyses indicated that the patient groups did not differ from one another on demographic characteristics, severity of symptomatology, or comorbidity. Those individuals with more recurrent depression demonstrated significantly greater organisation of negative content and less interconnectedness of positive content than those with less recurrent depression. The implications of these results for the organisation of cognitive content in depression are discussed and directions for future research are provided.


Using vector bundles techniques and the Viehweg weak positivity theorem, we give an answer to the Harris - Stankova slope conjecture for a sufficiently general curve in the fourgonal locus of the moduli space of stable curves. We also refine Harris - Stankova slope conjecture for trigonal curves of odd genus.


A password is a secret word or phrase that must be used to gain access on websites. That password access can either be an application, a network, documents, and data in a computer system. Generally, a password should consist of something that is hard to guess, so that it will remain a secret. However, with our increasing dependence on the Internet, using static password to gain access to a system is no longer safe. This is because static passwords can be cracked, guessed or stolen. Hackers are getting better each day at cracking sophisticated passwords. Once this happened, they can gain access to your private network and steal your sensitive business information such as your customer database, emails or financial information. To reduce the damage of phishing and spyware attacks, banks, governments, and other security-sensitive industries are deploying one-time password systems, where users have many passwords and use each password only once. The motivation for using one-time passwords is that the compromise of one password should not affect the security of sessions involving another password. In this paper, we proposed about a survey of one-time password. The one-time password serves to mutually authenticate the client and the server; there are no other long-term values like public keys or certificates. Authentication is based on knowledge of the shared password.


Islam education programs in New York and parts of Britain offer a mine of ideas for those wanting to foster understanding here, IEU member and St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, Director of Mission Helen Smith tells IE Journalist Tara de Boehmler.


The T‐matrix or Null Field approach is employed for studying scattering of acoustic waves by rigid cylindrical obstacles with sharp corners. A piecewise basis function is used to represent the surface field. The algebraic system of equations obtained from the resulting integral equations is solved for computing the surface and farfield amplitudes. Numerical results are presented for backscattering and bistatic scattering cross sections for square and intersecting circular cross sections and are compared with those obtained for smooth cross section, such as elliptical cross sections. Wavelengths down to one fifth of the maximum dimension of the section are considered. This frequency range is wide enough to definitively conclude that the dominate effect for objects with sharp corners is the interference of waves specularly reflected at such points also known as flash points. For smooth shapes such as the ellipse, the dominant effect is that of creeping waves. Schlieren photographs of a pulse propagating int...


Objectives Olfactory receptor neurons undergo apoptosis at a baseline rate, probably secondary to environmental damage even in the absence of gross disease. The study demonstrates age‐related changes in expression of genes known to regulate apoptosis in the rat olfactory mucosa. These results are compared with gene expression in young rats and rats that have undergone surgical deafferentation of the olfactory receptor neurons.


In many nano- and microcrystalline or amorphous insulators, semi-insulators, and solid electrolytes, relaxational polarization processes follow stretched exponential functions or power laws in the time domain referred to as Kohlrausch relaxations. For the underlying physical processes we investigated (I) the dipolar interaction and (II) an electrode effect including ionic interactions as possible mechanisms. The calculations were carried out numerically by the use of computer models.


PT XYZ Food realized the importance of accurate costing strategies to increase company profitability. The traditional method of determining the cost of goods manufactured led to undercosting or overcosting, which further resulted in a low selling price. Therefore, the company implemented the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method to calculate the cost of goods manufactured by identifying and classifying activities into four levels and setting cost targets for each activity level. The results of the ABC method showed that the cost of Snack Series 10 gr was Rp. 17,246 per kg and Mie Sedap Series 9 gr was Rp. 17,247 per kg. Through pricing structure simulations, the company could reach the Highest Retail Price of Rp. 500 without reducing margins, and even the margin of ABC was greater than the traditional method.  Thus, the use of ABC in determining the cost of goods manufactured can help companies increase profits and get accurate prices in a competitive market.


Abstract At least 5 species of the genus Laudakia Gray, 1845, as one of the representatives of the western radiation of the Agamidae, occur on the Iranian Plateau. Based on extensive field research, collecting material from most parts of the Iranian Plateau, examination of material from museum collections, employing statistical methods, and by referring to almost all the available relevant literature, we discuss the taxonomy and biogeography of the Iranian species of Laudakia. From the standpoint of body stature and scale morphology L. caucasia and L. microlepis are distinguishable based on several species-specific characters. Furthermore, descriptive statistics and ANOVA-based pairwise comparison of metric and meristic data show that in most characters they are significantly different. Based on scale morphology, descriptive statistics as well as ANOVA it is shown that L. nupta nupta and L. n. fusca are at least subspecifically different, and this is also the case with L. melanura melanura and L. m. lirata. Different ideas concerning the nomenclature of the Palaearctic ring-tailed, rock-dwelling agamids are discussed and the generic name Laudakia Gray is adopted as the best-fitted alternative. A summary of regional geology and palaeogeographgical events is presented, and different scenarios for the origin, radiation, and subsequent evolution of Laudakia species are discussed. Both dispersal waves and vicariant events are proposed to be involved in isolation, radiation, and speciation in Laudakia, and the high mountain ranges of northeastern Afghanistan and southeastern Tajikistan (Pamir) are regarded as their hypothetical centre of origin. A key to the Iranian species of Laudakia is provided.


This research aims to understand and know the legal protection procedures of Indonesian Migrant Workers and the obstacles that often occur in the Indonesian Migrant Worker's Protection Agency, Makassar Region. To answer the formulation of problems in this study, using a type of empirical research. This research aims to understand and know the legal protection procedures of Indonesian Migrant Workers and the obstacles that often occur in the Indonesian Migrant Worker's Protection Agency, Makassar Region. To answer the formulation of problems in this study, using a type of empirical research. Based on the results of research comparing Indonesian migrant workers that the legal protection procedures of Indonesian migrant workers were conducted at the BP2MI office before work, during work, and after work. Based on the results of research comparing Indonesian migrant workers that the legal protection procedures of Indonesian migrant workers were conducted at the BP2MI office before work, during work, and after work. The obstacles faced by the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency are many illegal workers who are difficult to track by the government, touts that are difficult to eliminate, and not serious about the government in protecting Indonesian workers abroad.


A new method is presented for converting any continuously running discrete-time delta-sigma modulator (DTDSM) into a multi-channel ADC by adding only a digital filter at the output. The inputs are multiplexed and fed to the ADC directly. The crosstalk that would exist if the decimation filter output is demultiplexed directly is canceled using the proposed modulated-sinc-sum digital filter. Compared to resetting the DSM and converting it to an incremental DSM, the proposed technique is at least $1.57\times $ more power-efficient. A prototype two-channel ADC clocked at 6.144 MHz with a channel bandwidth of 22 kHz demonstrates the proposed technique. Fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process, the prototype chip consumes 1 mW/channel, including the digital filters, and achieves a peak SNR/DR of 94.4 dB/98.5 dB. The inter-channel crosstalk is restricted to less than −93 dBc across the entire bandwidth and across temperature.


Abstract The oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the foral bottom of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eugenol was the main constituent in the oil (86.7%). The biological activity of the oil applied to Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera was evaluated in two laboratory tests. Mite lethality was estimated using a complete exposure method test with the oil at different concentrations, and a systemic administration method of oil at different concentrations diluted in syrup was placed in feeders for bees. The LC50 for complete exposure method at 24 h was 0.59 μL/dish. The inferior and superior limits obtained were 0.47 x 10−6 μL/dish and 1.22 μL/dish, respectively. LC50 estimated at 48 h showed a slight decrease as compared to that recorded at 24 h. Ratio selection (LC50 of A. mellifera/LC50 of V. destructor) for complete exposure method was 26.46 and 13.35 for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Regarding the systemic administration method, mites LC50 at 24 h was 12,300 ppm. The inferior and superior limits calculated were 9,214 ppm and 15,178 ppm, respectively. LC50 estimated at 48 h showed a slight decrease as compared to that recorded at 24 h. Ratio selection for systemic administration method was 3.05 and 2.22 for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Syzygium aromaticum oil was found to be an attractant for V. destructor at 4.8% (w/w) concentration. The results showed that oil toxicity against V. destructor differed depending upon its administration. Nevertheless, the ratio selection calculated by this oil is expected to enable its application under field conditions with a good safety margin. This oil could also be used in combination with other oils in integrated pest management strategies in bee colonies.


In Manufacturing Engineering there is a need to be able to model the behavior of technological variables versus input parameters in order to predict their behavior in advance, so that it is possible to determine the levels of variation that lead to optimal values of the response variables to be obtained. In recent years, it has been a common practice to rely on regression techniques to carry out the above-mentioned task. However, such models are sometimes not accurate enough to predict the behavior of these response variables, especially when they have significant non-linearities. In this present study a comparative analysis between the precision of different techniques based on conventional regression and soft computing is initially carried out. Specifically, regression techniques, based on the response surface model, as well as the use of artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference systems along with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems will be employed to predict the behavior of the aforementioned technological variables. It will be shown that when there are difficulties in predicting the response parameters by using regression models, soft computing models are highly effective, being much more efficient than conventional regression models. In addition, a new method is proposed in this study that consists of using an iterative process to obtain a fuzzy inference system from a design of experiments and then using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for tuning the constants of the membership functions. As will be shown, with this method it is possible to obtain improved results in the validation metrics. The means of selecting the membership functions to develop this model from the design of experiments is discussed in this present study in order to obtain an initial solution, which will be then tuned by using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, to predict the behavior of the response variables. Moreover, the obtained results will also be compared.


If Schimmelfennig and Sedelmeier (2002) are right to assert that European enlargement is a highly under-researched area within European studies, the same claim could be made even more strongly in the field of European social policy. The impact of Eastern enlargement on both European social policy and post-communist social policies has failed to generate significant academic interest and escaped concerted theorization. Yet, what is apparent by reviewing the literature is that on the one hand there is an 'Enlargement literature', which takes the perspective of the EU, and speaks from 'within', while on the other hand there is an 'Accession literature' which takes the point of view of the candidate countries, putting, as Szalai (2003) phrases it, 'East–driven considerations on the table'. This review article addresses both perspectives, although it is more preoccupied with the latter. The article begins by making an analytic distinction between the terms 'accession' and 'enlargement'. The subsequent two parts set the context for understanding the accession and enlargement process. The first part discusses the different possible interpretations and the multi-dimensionality of the accession and enlargement process, while the second part places accession in relational context with globalization and transformation. The article then moves on to relate the way that academic debates on the social dimension of the accession and enlargement process have been framed in a way that points to a seemingly general consensus over its weakness. In the final section of the article, these tentative debates are located in five broader analytic dimensions: the regulative, institutional, economic, political and cognitive. The regulative dimension takes the social 'acquis' under critical review; the institutional perspective foregrounds issues of social-policy governance; the economic dimension enumerates the economic consequences and considerations and its implications for social policy; the political dimension concentrates on issues of democratic deficit, political silence and welfare non-reform; and finally, the cognitive dimension addresses the newly emerging agenda of soft social policy. The numerous aspects discussed in this article reflect the diversity of the EU accession and enlargement process, with the indication that more comprehensive theoretical frameworks are required to capture the complexity of the ongoing process and its impact on both EU and post-communist social policy.


An organic thin film transistor and a flat panel display device using the same are provided to enhance light emitting efficiency and stability by forming an ohmic contact between a source/drain electrode and an organic semiconductor layer. An organic thin film transistor compresses a gate electrode(150), a gate insulating layer(140) connected with the gate electrode, an organic semiconductor layer(130) connected with the gate insulating layer, and a source/drain electrode(100) connected with the organic semiconductor layer. The source/drain electrode includes an inorganic layer(120). The inorganic layer is formed by doping an impurity on a part of an outer surface of the source/drain electrode which comes in contact with the organic semiconductor layer.


【Objective】To determine the nutrients of crispy chips of fruits and vegetables that made by vacuum-frying technique and analyse its advantage compared to that fried at atmosphere.【Method】Protein was determined by NY/T3-1982 methods,fat by NY/T4-1982,mineral elements by the 7th methods of quality standard(96),carotenoids,vitamin C and dietary fiber by GB/T5009-2003.【Result】Purple flesh sweetpotato chips were with higher dietary fiber content,red flesh sweetpotato and carrot chips with higher carotenoids,potato and red flesh sweetpotato with higher vitamin C.The crispy chips of fruits and vegetables with higher potassium,calcium,phosphorus.The vitamin C,protein,calcium,phosphorus and iron content in red flesh sweetpotato chips were more than that fried at atmosphere.The preserve rate of vitamin C was about 36%,almost 3 times than that fried at atmosphere,and the crude fat content was only 36.1% of the frying chips at atmosphere.【Conclusion】The loss degree of nutrient component in chips made by vacuum-frying technique was less than that fried at atmosphere obviously.


In a paper published in 1909 1 I presented evidence in refutation of the new teaching 2 that the normal shape of the mammalian red blood-corpuscle is cup-form. This evidence included data derived from an examination of the capillaries in the omentum of an anesthetized cat, sections of variously fixed tissues, and hanging drop preparations of fresh blood. The latter, sealed and kept at body temperature, were thought to simulate closely actual conditions in the blood vessels of the living animal. The free central corpuscles of such a drop preparation are almost exclusively of the circular biconcave disc form. In view of all the evidence there seemed to be no escape from the conclusion that the biconcave disc-shape is the normal, the cup-shape the derived, form of the mammalian erythroplastid. But since opinion still remains divided on the point as to what is the original and normal shape—that is, whether cup or disc—additional evidence is demanded. Cogent confirmatory data accrue from observations of the corpuscles in the gelatin solution recently devised by Hogan 3 as a substitute for salt solutions for transfusion purposes in clinical cases calling for relief to a fall in blood pressure. The special point of advantage claimed for Hogan's normal-salt-gelatin mixture is that it has the colloidal constitution of blood plasma, and in consequence is not lost from the blood vessels through secretion and osmotic processes as salt solutions are supposed to escape. The method of procedure in my investigation was to place the Hogan's solution 4 in an incubator at a temperature of 42'C. Hollow ground culture slides, cover slips, a pipette, and a needle were also kept in the same incubator. The excess above the normal body temperature was planned to compensate for the cooling incident to the frequent opening of the incubator and the transfer of the preparation for study to the microscope stage.


This article provides a description of concrete models that represent different classifications of matter and directions for their use in the classroom. By using colored paper clips, students can represent pure substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds and then discuss their similarities and differences. This model is advantageous for the beginning student who would not know enough about the detailed composition of simple materials like milk, brass, sand, and air to classify them properly. Examples of isomers and allotropes are also created to introduce those concepts at an early stage and in an easy-to-understand format. This classroom activity would be especially suitable for a collaborative- or cooperative-learning environment, but could be adapted for individual learners.


Abstract : A partial centralized relational data base in third normal form was designed for use by the staff of the United States Medical Center Wright-Patterson. Information requirements were gathered by means of an in-depth data/information analysis at the directorate and division level, and used as the basis of the design. Provided with the design is a detailed data dictionary and an implementation plan. As a result of certain facts gathered during the data/information analysis, several management and organizational recommendations were made to the Medical Center. The aim of these recommendations was to make the implementation and management of the data base easier, cheaper and responsive to the users. (Author)


The present invention provides a gate driving circuit, a method, an array substrate and a display device the row driver circuit. The gate driving circuit unit connected to a row of pixels, the pixel row driving unit comprises a row of pixels and the light emitting element module interconnected; the pixel row driving module comprises a driving transistor, a driving module and a compensation module; said compensation module by the gate scanning signal; the drive module drive control signal and a drive access level; the gate drive circuit comprising: a control unit pixel row, the gate scanning signal for providing said compensation module is the said drive module providing the drive level, in order to control the compensation module compensates for the threshold voltage of the driving transistor; and a drive control unit for supplying the drive module to the drive control signal to control the drive module drive the light emitting element. The present invention can simultaneously compensate for the threshold voltage of the pixel and the pixel driving, to improve the degree of integration.


Indonesian natural rubber is one of the most important trading commodities which provides a numerous benefit such as contribution towards national income, raw material for various industry, and labor absorption. This research aims to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian natural rubber export in both international and ASEAN market and later investigate the determinant factor affecting Indonesian natural rubber export. The methods in this research are revealed comparative advantage (RCA); constant market share (CMS); and multiple linear regression using ordinary least squares (OLS). The selected product are HS 4001 (natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip) and HS 40 (rubber and articles thereof). Period of investigation are from 1981 to 2013 for both RCA and OLS methods and from 2009 to 2013 for CMS method. Based on RCA analysis, Indonesia is the strongest exporter among its competitors in both international and ASEAN market. Based on CMS analysis, Indonesia standard growth for natural rubber export remain below worldAƒi?½A'¢AƒÂ¯A'Â?A'½AƒÂ¯A'Â?A'½s standard growth, roduct composition effect has a positive value in each market (USA, China, and Japan), product distribution effect in USA and Japan are negative, and competitiveness effect has a negative value only in China market. Significant factors affecting Indonesian natural rubber export are exchange rate (Aƒi?½A¯Â?½Aƒi?½A'±=1%), yields of Indonesian natural rubber (Aƒi?½A¯Â?½Aƒi?½A'±=10%), and world rubber price (Aƒi?½A¯Â?½Aƒi?½A'±=1%).
Indonesian natural rubber is one of the most important trading commodities which provides a numerous benefit such as contribution towards national income, raw material for various industry, and labor absorption. This research aims to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian natural rubber export in both international and ASEAN market and later investigate the determinant factor affecting Indonesian natural rubber export. The methods in this research are revealed comparative advantage (RCA); constant market share (CMS); and multiple linear regression using ordinary least squares (OLS). The selected product are HS 4001 (natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip) and HS 40 (rubber and articles thereof). Period of investigation are from 1981 to 2013 for both RCA and OLS methods and from 2009 to 2013 for CMS method. Based on RCA analysis, Indonesia is the strongest exporter among its competitors in both international and ASEAN market. Based on CMS analysis, Indonesia standard growth for natural rubber export remain below worldAƒi?½A'¢AƒÂ¯A'Â?A'½AƒÂ¯A'Â?A'½s standard growth, roduct composition effect has a positive value in each market (USA, China, and Japan), product distribution effect in USA and Japan are negative, and competitiveness effect has a negative value only in China market. Significant factors affecting Indonesian natural rubber export are exchange rate (Aƒi?½A¯Â?½Aƒi?½A'±=1%), yields of Indonesian natural rubber (Aƒi?½A¯Â?½Aƒi?½A'±=10%), and world rubber price (Aƒi?½A¯Â?½Aƒi?½A'±=1%).


Rationale: COPD is associated with alterations of pulmonary circulation. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are Aim: To assess the number of circulating EMPs in COPD patients, compared with control subjects, and assess if several indices of COPD severity are related with differences in circulating EMP counts. Methods: Circulating EMPs were determined in 31 control subjects and 57 COPD patients. EMPs were determined by flow citometry in platelet-free plasma (PFP) according to the expression of membrane-specific antigens: CD31+CD42b-AnnexinV+ for the apoptotic phenotype and CD31+CD42b-CD62E+ for the activated phenotype. In COPD patients we assessed differences in EMP counts related to FEV1, DLCO, gas trapping, PaO2 and the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Results: The number of circulating EMPs was increased in COPD patients compared with control subjects (median, 504 (IQR, 295-779) vs 340 (250-495) EMPs/μl PFP; p Conclusion: COPD is associated with an increased number of circulating EMPs, presumably originated by an apoptotic mechanism. The severity of COPD does not seem to influence the number of circulating EMPs. Supported by FIS PS09/00536.


Template learning has potential application in several areas of Cellular Neural Network research, including texture recognition, pattern detection and so on. In this letter, a recently-developed algorithm called Adaptive Simulated Annealing is investigated for learning CNN templates, as a superior alternative to the Genetic Algorithm. key words: adaptive simulated annealing, cellular neural network, template learning


New techniques of remote health monitoring in real time are becoming quite popular due to the advantages they bring to both the health system and the patient, especially the elderly. However, devices such technology to present high cost, in addition to acting as routers only information to a medical center. Given this context, this paper proposes a control technique for Embedded Systems (ES) focusing on monitoring of vital signs, comprising transmitting data to a server application and sending emergency alert or a mobile device in real time. The proposal seeks to address the problem differently, adding to the technical features configurable and low cost.


Social work students (n=39) were shown 10 videotaped client situations prior to and after participating in a communication skills training course. At both times, they were asked to write proposals for helpful answers for each of these situations. Proposals made by a sample of 15 students were analyzed with regard to patterns in their answers before and after the training course. These 15 were selected by using quantitative data identifying those students who changed their level of communicated empathy during the training course and those who did not. The communication course is described. Patterns in the proposals are examined and discussed in relation to central concepts of helping; such as acknowledging, empathic communication and working alliance. Three steps in the development of skillfulness are described and suggested as more general steps in the acquisition of therapeutic competence. The validity and reliability of the study are discussed, as well as possible implications of the findings for social work education.


Proponents of the Everett interpretation of Quantum Theory have made efforts to show that to an observer in a branch, everything happens as if the projection postulate were true without postulating it. In this paper, we will indicate that it is only possible to deduce this rule if one introduces another postulate that is logically equivalent to introducing the projection postulate as an extra assumption. We do this by examining the consequences of changing the projection postulate into an alternative one, while keeping the unitary part of quantum theory, and indicate that this is a consistent (although strange) physical theory.


To propagate uncertainty in reservoir production forecasts, it is typically required to sample a nonlinear and multimodal posterior density function. To do so, different techniques have been proposed and used, such as Markovian algorithms, data assimilation methods and randomised maximum likelihood (RML) method. Through several studies, it has been shown that the RML method provides a reasonable approximation of the posterior distribution, despite the fact that it does not have any rigorous theoretical foundation for nonlinear problems.
In order to reduce the computation and also provide an extensive search for multimodal density functions, in this study, the RML method is proposed in a context of a multi-objective genetic algorithm in which each of the equations is considered as a separate objective function. The proposed technique was compared against a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and an RML with a Levenberg-Marquardt minimiser, using IC-Fault model. The comparison showed that an acceptable set of samples for uncertainty quantification is obtained, and given the fact that the parallelisation of the algorithm is straightforward, it makes the proposed algorithm, efficient in terms of the total processing time.


Given the Loop-Quantum-Gravity (LQG) non-graph-changing Hamiltonian $\widehat{H[N]}$, the coherent state expectation value $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$ admits an semiclassical expansion in $\ell^2_{\rm p}$. In this paper, we compute explicitly the expansion of $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$ on the cubic graph to the linear order in $\ell^2_{\rm p}$, when the coherent state is peaked at the homogeneous and isotropic data of cosmology. In our computation, a powerful algorithm is developed to overcome the complexity in computing $\langle \widehat{H[N]} \rangle$. In particular, some key innovations in our algorithm substantially reduce the computational complexity in the Lorentzian part of $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$. Moreover, the algorithm developed in the present work makes it possible to compute the expectation value of arbitrary monomial of holonomies and fluxes on one edge up to arbitrary order of $\ell_{\rm p}^2$.


As the CHAMP has been launched as the first of the gravity satellites of the 2000s, its processing has been a real challenge for the geodetic community. Several methods have been developed for gravity field modelling based on different theoretical backgrounds. In this study the feasibility of the direct use of the Newtonian equation of motion has been studied. Then numerical results for 2 years of CHAMP observations are presented. Though the method failed to provide the best CHAMP-only gravity field model, it has been found to be generally feasible, and worth for using of other gravity satellite data.


Copper-tolerant bacteria were isolated from soil samples taken from a region where metal industries are located. After selecting 2 isolates with relatively higher bioremoval efficiency, the effects of increasing copper concentration, pH, and temperature on the bioremoval efficiency of the growing isolates were determined. Strain N1c and strain N5a showed maximal bioremoval efficiency of 82% and 75%, respectively, in 20 mg/L copper-containing medium at pH 6.8 and 30 °C. Although the isolates did not grow well at pH 5, a low amount of copper was removed at pH 5. Slow growth of N5a at pH 5 allowed for 26% copper removal at hour 80 of incubation. Optimal copper bioremoval of the cells occurred at pH 6.8 and 30 °C. When grown at 37 °C under aerated conditions, N1c showed 31.7% bioremoval in the presence of 100 mg/L copper, and N5a was much more resistant to copper compared to N1c and E. coli. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of N5a showed 96%-97% similarity to Pseudomonas stutzeri and other Pseudomonas spp. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of N1c was 96% similar to Achromobacter sp., Alcaligenes sp., and a novel genus, Collimonas.


Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to assess and compare clinical outcomes for patients with bilateral tarsal coalitions who had at least one coalition treated with surgical excision. Method: Patients were identified prospectively and agreed to participate. Data was collected prior to surgery, and again after surgery for up to 2 years. Comparisons of patients with unilateral disease to bilateral disease as well as unilateral excision to bilateral staggered and bilateral concomitant excision was done. Results: Initial cohort included 55 patients with 70 feet containing a tarsal coalition. 30 patients with 45 feet had bilateral tarsal coalition excision during the study period. Post-operative outcomes were considerably improved from preoperative outcomes. Five bilateral patients had concomitant excision, and ten had staggered surgery. There was no difference in outcome from patients with unilateral disease when compared to bilateral disease. There was no difference in patients with bilateral disease who had only one side excised compared to those that had both sides excised, and there was no difference in outcome for patients with staggered surgery compared to those with concomitant surgery. Conclusions: Patients with bilateral tarsal coalition show improvement in their outcomes in a similar fashion to those with unilateral disease. Concomitant surgical outcomes are comparable to staggered outcomes in this group, although the series is small.


A FIR filter which is suitable for distilling sound of a part played by a particular instrument from a music ensemble is discussed in this report. The filter separates a monaural music signal into individual tones of every pitch with a particular timbre, the combination of which provides melodies played by an instrument. A mixture of strongly correlated signals such as the same pitch tones by different instruments can be processed by the proposed FIR filter to separate them which is modified from the discrete-time Wiener filter combined with a window and an evaluation method of current statistics of the mixture in the frequency-domain.


The study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity of the aqueous and alcoholic extract and the essential oil of E. incrassata leaves toward some biological characteristics of the water mold S. ferax. Chemical analysis of the plant leaves using HPLC showed the content of several active compounds included 1,8-Cineole, Terpineal, Citronellal, Phellendrene and Citiric acid.Treatment of the fungus growing on solid media containing different concentrations of the extracts showed significant gradual decrease in radial growth with the increasing concentration, and the effect varied with the different extracts.Treatment of the fungus grown in distilled water on sesame seeds with different concentration of both extracts and the essential oil caused significant delay in production of zoosporangia and oogonia with the increasing concentration, which showed effect on asexual and sexual reproduction. Results of treating encysted zoospores with different concentrations of both extracts and essential oil showed significant gradual reduction in percentage zoospore germination with the increase of concentration. Generally, the essential oil showed higher activity at the lower concentration followed by the alcoholic extract then the aqueous.


At present, a number of antitumor agents to oral malignant tumors are applied. Plant glycoside-ginsenoside has been found by Odashima et al.(1979). to inhibit growth in certain malignant tumors. Concerning the inhibition of proliferation on a chemically induced salivary gland tumor by the ginsenoside, the authors have already demonstrated the favorable results in the previous study. In this paper, an anti-carcinogenesis effect of the ginsenoside in animals was studied regarding the chemically induced salivary gland tumor.Experimental methods: Male dd-strain mice (2 months old) were used as experimental subjects. To induce salivary gland tumors, 10% 20-methylcholanthrene in olive. oil, which roughly amounts to 1.0mg/100g, was injected into the surgically exposed sub-maxillary gland of mice. These mice were divided into three groups, i.e., control group, G-Rh2 group and G 1 group. After procedure of 20-methylcholanthrene injection, ginsenoside G-Rh2 (amounts to 0.1mg/100g) in the G-Rh2 group and/or glycyrrhizin-NH4 (amounts to 10mg/100g) in the G1 group was administered subcutaneously, 2 times weekly, for experimental duration (6 months). After the end of the experiment in the each group, the mice were sacrificed, and the submaxillary gland tumors were examined histopathologically.Experimental results: The first manifestations of induced submaxillary gland tumors became evident at about 11 weeks in the control group, 13 weeks in the G1 group, and 14 weeks in the G-Rh2 group. The incidence of these induced tumors in each group, was as follows: 7 of 20 mice (35.0%), in the control group 3 of 20 mice (15.0%) in the G-Rh2 group and 5 of 20 mice (25.0%) in the G1 group. In addition, the loss of body weight in the G-Rh2 group and the G1 group was suppressed. According to histopathological findings, the histological type of the submaxillary gland tumors was observed to be in variety: Namely epithelial and mesenchymal tumors and their mixed tumor were found in each group. Within these groups, degeneration and/or destruction of the tumor cells were observed at places of the tumor's nest in the G-Rh2 group.From these results, we were impressed not only by the inhibition of proliferation of the induced tumor but also by anti-carcinogenesis due to the ginsenoside Rh2.


Many very long (up to 1100 days) maneuver-free orbital arcs of resonant 12- and 24-hour satellites exist. These orbits are extremely sensitive to low-degree and low-order terms of the geopotential, To utilize these long orbital arcs for geodesy we integrate numerically orbits and variational equations in a mean element coordinate system. Step sizes of 1–10 days are obtained. All gravitational perturbations and drag and radiation-pressure effects are included. Tests with published gravity models on these long arcs indicate that considerable improvement in low-order coefficients, even beyond the second degree, is possible and desirable. These tests as a whole show that the low-order portions of 1969 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory gravity fields are superior to those derived in 1966, all without the use of this sensitive resonant satellite data. New geopotential results from combined 12- and 24-hour satellite data have also been obtained. A resonance-corrected Smithsonian 1969 field is presented that should have an accurate set of low-order and low-degree coefficients. These coefficients agree quite well with 1969 Smithsonian solutions.


The October 1984 supplement dealing with occupational radiation doses for the cleanup of Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) estimated total doses of 13,000 to 46,000 person-rem for the cleanup program. It now appears likely that the actual total dose incurred for the cleanup through the proposed monitored storage conditions will be on the order of 5,000 person-rem. A major contributor to this dramatically lower dose is the effort expended on dose reduction for the defueling tasks. GPU Nuclear Corporation radiological engineering began the process by performing a detailed review of the known condition of the reactor building itself, determining where radiation sources external to the defueling system were that could affect the dose rate to the defueling workers and potential sources within the system itself. It became apparent that the 9-mrem dose each worker received while transiting to the defueling work area as a result of major sources in other areas of the building would require dose reduction efforts. As part of the dose reduction activities, the major identified sources were decontaminated, shielded, or removed. Three sources of worker exposure in the vessel were dominant in system design: the dissolved gamma-emitting isotopes in the water, the fuel, and themore » contaminated tools. To reduce exposure from these sources, the working platform is 6 in. of steel for shielding. Tools were designed to prevent removing a tool from the water accidentally, and the loaded canisters are under several feet of water under the shielded platform.« less


The oil was obtained from the seeds of Physalis alkekengi L.native from Heilongjiang by the technology of supercritical CO2 extraction with 19.67% yield.The oil was analyzed and identified by GC/MS,which contained linoleic acid 73.91%,oleic acid 11.21%,hexadecanoic acid 11.58%,octadecanoic acid 3.30%.The results of HPLC analysis showed that the content of α-Vitamin E was 16.04 mg/100 g.


There are a number of circumstances in which an escape mechanism is
needed in conjunction with a protocol to encode characters that cannot
be represented or transmitted directly. With ASCII coding the
traditional escape has been either the decimal or hexadecimal offset
of the character, written in a variety of different ways. The move to
Unicode, where characters occupy two or more octets and may be coded
in several different forms, has further complicated the question of
escapes. This document discusses some options now in use and discusses
considerations for selecting one for use in new IETF protocols and
protocols that are now being internationalized.


Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Antioxidant-rich food products are known for improving the oxidative stress and inflammation as well as inhibiting the development of metabolic syndrome. The present work thus aimed to determine the effects of phenolic-rich red kidney bean sprout milk yogurt (RKBSMY) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, TNF-α level, and body mass index (BMI) of women with MetS. Thirty obese women with MetS, low SOD activity, and high TNF-α level served as research subjects. The 2-month intervention using red kidney bean sprout milk yogurt (RKBSMY) with 2% lactic acid bacterial starter, 10% sucrose, and 24-h fermentation was conducted to women with MetS. Results showed that RKBSMY increased the SOD activity from 5.13 to 8.02 ng/mL (p = 0.047), decreased the plasma TNF-α level from 60.89 to 39.77 pg/mL (p < 0.05), and decreased the BMI from 28.04 to 24.38 kg/m2. Therefore RKBSMY could be beneficial for people with degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.


The effect of removing parts of unfertilized and fertilized eggs of Dentalium has been studied. Up to 70 % of the volume of a 1st polar lobe can be removed from the vegetal side of both unfertilized and fertilized eggs, without influencing apical tuft formation. The post-trochal region is reduced. These eggs form a reduced polar lobe at first cleavage. After removal of more than 70 % of the volume of a 1st polar lobe from the vegetal side of an uncleaved egg, before or after fertilization, no polar lobe is formed and larvae develop without apical tuft or post-trochal region. The polar lobe area is quantitatively determined in the uncleaved egg, but after fertilization of isolated vegetal fragments regulation occurs and the polar lobe becomes proportional in size to the fragment. Feulgen-positive granules, present at the vegetal side of the uncleaved egg, can be removed without influencing apical tuft formation. They may be important as determinants for the formation of the post-trochal region or adult structures.


Objective
The objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of compounding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) meloxicam or flunixin meglumine with iron dextran (ID) in piglets.

Animal
Forty piglets (8 d of age) were randomly allocated into 5 groups (8 piglets/group) and received 1 intramuscular injection in the neck of the following treatments: flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg) administered alone (F) or mixed with ID (F+ID); or meloxicam (0.4 mg/kg) administered alone (M) or mixed with ID (M+ID); or ID alone.

Procedure
Blood samples were collected via indwelling jugular catheters at pre-dose, and 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min, and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h post-treatment to determine plasma NSAIDs concentrations using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma meloxicam and flunixin meglumine concentration-time profiles were determined for each piglet using noncompartmental analysis approaches. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results
The AUC0-tlast, AUC0-∞, Cmax, and relative bioavailability values in the M+ID and F+ID groups were lower than corresponding M and F groups. The M+ID group elimination half-life was lower, whereas λz and tmax values were greater than the corresponding M group.

Conclusion
Relative bioavailability of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine were reduced when compounded with ID in the same bottle and administered to piglets.

Clinical relevance
Further research is warranted to evaluate if decreased NSAID exposure when compounded with ID alters analgesic efficacy or drug residue depletion.


A phylogenetic analysis and new family-level classification of Staphylinidae and allied families, proposed by Naomi in 1985, is critically reviewed. Although some of his new characters are found promising, ex amples are given of numerous problems with the phylogenetic analysis, including inadequate sampling, arbitrary use of the concept of "underlying autapomorphy;' and careless gathering and analysis of data. The resulting radically new division of Staphylinidae into 3 families (the names of 2 of which are junior synonyms) is not justified by Naomi's analysis, and his classification is rejected.


In this study, it was planned to investigate the presence and serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) in various pasteurized milk samples, collected from retail markets in Kırıkkale region, using classical isolation and identification. Pasteurized milk samples were taken for isolation in the study; aseptically, 25 g of the sample was added to 225 ml of Peptone Sorbitol Bile Buyyon (PSBB). 30 s were homogenized and incubated at 10 ° C for 10 days.
On day 10, the enrichment water was removed from the incubator and thoroughly mixed. From the enrichment water, 0.1 ml in 0.5% saline was transferred to 0.5% KOH and stirred for 2-3 seconds. Decouple one loop to the Mac Conkey plate and one loop to the CIN plate successively. After 1 day of incubation, the CIN plates were examined. Small (1-2 mm in diameter) colonies with a sharp-edged dark red center, the entire edge of which is surrounded by a clear colorless zone, were selected for identification. Colonies showing characteristic features after incubation were identified by a rapid identification system (BBL, Crystal). Y. enterocolitica could not be isolated in 100 of the pasteurized milk samples that were examined, but yeast was detected in 6 milk samples and Shigella spp. were detected in one of the samples.
 The reason why Yersinia spp. could not be isolated in our study, might be that the pasteurization process prevented the reproduction of Yersinia spp., but did not prevent the growth of Shigella spp. It is thought that working with a higher number of samples may increase the isolation rate, and Y. enterocolitica and Shigella spp., which are important sources of infection, should be examined in pasteurized milk.


This paper probes into the relation between sci-tech novelty retrieval and competitive intelligence of enterprises,analyzes the functions and positions of sci-tech novelty retrieval and competitive intelligence of enterprises and the advantages/disadvantages of sci-tech novelty retrieval institute in developing the competitive intelligence service,and researches some strategies for developing the competitive intelligence service in sci-tech novelty retrieval work.


A molecular beam source of pure hydroxyl radicals has been developed and used to explore the water reaction catalyzed over Pt(111). An electrostatic hexapole selectively focused OD radicals from a supersonic corona discharge source onto a Pt target at a surface temperature of TS=143 K. Subsequent D2O temperature programmed desorption (TPD) spectra revealed two major features, one near TS∼170 K from desorption of molecular water overlayer and a second near TS∼210 K from the decomposition of an adsorbed OD intermediate. The latter feature was isolated and analysis of TPD spectra revealed that the D2O production reaction was approximately half-order in total oxygen coverage with a pre-exponential factor ranging from vd=4±1×1016 to 5±2×1018 molecules1/2 cm−1 s−1 and activation energy Ea=9.7±0.1 to 11.5±0.1 kcal mol−1 for initial coverage ranging from θ0=0.04 to 0.25 ML. Coadsorption studies of OD and H2 revealed that H atoms drive reactions with adsorbed OD at TS∼180 K to form all three water isotopes: D2O, H...


The access impedance for Narrowband PLC communication is dependent of the global installation impedance. The interest of this paper is to measure the domestic installation impedance using a new setup based on an LCL filter for masking the network impedance. The short-time and the frequency variation of the global impedance in the frequency band between 30 and 500 kHz is measured in several scenarios. The domestic loads are classified according to their impact on the global installation impedance by connecting to the installation and changing the mode of operation. The access impedance is recalculated using the measured installation impedance in parallel to the network.


Abstract Conduct disorder is a serious and pervasive problem which greatly disrupts the lives of the children affected, their families, and significant others in the children's environment; is often associated with additional adjustment difficulties (such as peer rejection and academic problems); is stable both within families and over time (i.e., children have a poor prognosis); and is financially very costly to society. The current paper summarises and critically evaluates the research literature conceming risk factors for the development of conduct disorder, which include the characteristics of conduct–disordered children, their parents and families (e.g., children's problem–solving skills, parental psychopathology, family communication and interactions). The research conducted to date has many methodological limitations, which are extensively discussed in the current paper. Future directions for investigation are suggested, including the identification of protective factors and the combinations of ris...


Co-bonding ligands on the same support to produce "blended" HPLC stationary phases is most commonly carried out in the form of capped reversed-phase materials. Non-additive retention properties were observed over a range of trimethylsilane/dimethyloctylsilane ratios. In addition, the increase in retention per mole of bonded trimethylsilane was greatest at the highest dimethyloctylsilane coverages.


Abstract Background The phase 3 CheckMate 274 trial demonstrated superiority of adjuvant nivolumab over placebo after radical surgery in patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. However, the efficacy and safety of adjuvant nivolumab in Japanese patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma have not been clarified. Methods Patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma were randomized to adjuvant nivolumab 240 mg or placebo (every 2 weeks via intravenous infusion) up to 120 days after radical surgery in CheckMate 274. Results Of 49 patients in the Japanese subgroup, 27 and 22 patients were randomized to nivolumab and placebo, respectively. Eleven and 8 patients, respectively, had tumor PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more. The median disease-free survival times in the nivolumab and placebo groups were 29.67 months (95% confidence interval 7.79–not reached) and 9.72 months (95% confidence interval 4.73–not reached), respectively (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.35–1.69). The corresponding values in patients with tumor PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more were 29.67 months (95% confidence interval 2.63–not reached) and 25.95 months (95% confidence interval 5.59–not reached) (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 0.31–3.92), respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of Grade 3–4 occurred in 25.9 and 13.6% of patients in the nivolumab and placebo groups, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events in the nivolumab group were lipase increased, amylase increased and diarrhea. The changes in quality of life scores from baseline over time were similar in both groups. Conclusions The efficacy and safety results in the Japanese subgroup were consistent with the overall population of CheckMate 274.