Introduction I. The Pre-Existing Constitutional Protections for Landowners in the Land Use Process, and the Movement Under RLUIPA Toward Making Cost and Convenience Sufficient to Avoid Local Land Use Laws A. Due Process for Ali Land Developers: Inconvenience and Cost Are Insufficient to Overcome Land Use Law.. B. Free Exercise for Religious Landowners: There Is a Split in Authority Regarding Whether Inconvenience and Expense are Sufficient to Prove a Substantial Burden on Religious Exercise 1. Under the First Amendment, Inconvenience and Expense Have Been Insufficient to Prove a Substantial Burden on Religious Exercise in Land Use Cases 2. After RLUIPA, More Courts Have Held That Inconvenience and Expense Are Sufficient Proof of Substantial Burden in Land Use Cases II. Permitting Religious Landowners to Avoid Local Land Use Laws Because They Cause Expense or Inconvenience Violates Federalism and the Establishment Clause A. The Criteria of Inconvenience and Cost to Establish a Substantial Burden in the Land Use Context Violate Federalism B. The Criteria of Cost and Inconvenience in the Land Use Context Violate the Establishment Clause Conclusion "[N]either a state nor the Federal Government can set up a church. Neither can pass laws which aid one religion, aid ali religions, or prefer one religion over another." (1) INTRODUCTION The Supreme Court and lower federal courts following Supreme Court doctrine have held consistently that local land use priorities are most appropriately decided by local governments. (2) Local land use regulation is a crucial element of the federalism that is a fundamental basis of the United States' constitutional structure. (3) After all, if there is anything that is truly local, it is land use. In addition, the Supreme Court repeatedly has ruled that financial preferences for religious organizations violate the Establishment Clause. (4) Neither of these two lines of cases is in serious question, yet, when Congress enacted the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) in 2000, (5) it managed to cross both constitutional boundary lines without taking either into account. Congress ran roughshod over the Supreme Court's established doctrine on local land use and the Establishment Clause when it enacted RLUIPA, which applies the heavy hand of the federal government to manufacture new and special privileges for religious landowners to override local land use priorities and interests. It is a "free exercise" statute that too often strong-arms local governments to prioritize a particular religious applicant's private vision over all other interests in the community. RLUIPA purportedly was passed to redress religious discrimination in the land use process. The Conference Report stated: Churches in general, and new, small or unfamiliar churches in particular, are frequently discriminated against on the face of zoning codes and also in the highly individualized and discretionary processes of land use regulation. Zoning codes frequently exclude churches in places where they permit theaters, meeting halls, and other places where large groups of people assemble for secular purposes. Or the codes permit churches only with individualized permission from the zoning board, and zoning boards use that authority in discriminatory ways. (6) Regardless of its proponents' outlandish claims, this is a statement with a pro-religion bias and few facts to support it. In a previous article, I discredited the notion that there was meaningful evidence of discrimination against churches in the land use process before Congress when it decided to intermeddle in ordinary local land use disputes involving religious landowners with RLUIPA. (7) There was no alleged evidence of discrimination offered by anyone other than a self-interested religious organization. …


This paper aims at a comparative reading of some archaeological remains in the island of Sardinia, starting from a reflection on the UNESCO discipline, which introduces a hierarchy of cultural heritage based on the level of worthiness of protection and provides enhanced protection for the goods that are on its list. The main goal of the study is to investigate in parallel the application of this 'selective appreciation' on the actual context of the protection of the so-called 'real cultural heritage' (article 9 of the Italian Constitution). The study proceeds by comparing some important sites on the island having similar contextualization, but different strategies for protection: the Archaeological Park of Porto Torres, Su Nuraxi in Barumini, registered since 1997 in the World Heritage List of UNESCO, and the archaeological area of Neapolis (Oristano). From comparisons and analysis carried out in selected areas it was possible to focus attention on some critical aspects of the UNESCO rules and on contradictions between the operational guidelines and the objectives that the organization provides for the protection of property. In the wake of new reforms for the reorganization of the Ministry of Heritage, Culture and Tourism, the critical issues discussed in this paper appear even more evident in Sardinia. The idea of a 'protection of the exceptional' appears to reduce the opportunities of intervention, by isolating the evidence from its context and making the action of protection inadequate for the territory and for the same items contained therein.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Metabolic disorders in DM are mainly carbohydrate accompanied by fat disorder and protein metabolism. Aloe vera is known as one of the plants for the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study is to compare the extract of Aloe vera peel and gel to cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) on diabetic rat type 2. This study is an experimental study with the sample of 18 diabetic male rats induced by the combination of 65 mg / kg bw of streptozotocin and 230 mg / kg bw of nicotinamide acid. Rats were divided into three groups receiving 0 mg (K), 200 mg of peel extract (P1) and 200 mg / kg of gel extract (P2) for 28 days, feed and water ad libitum. At the end of the study, blood was taken from the orbital veins for measuring cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL. Data were analyzed by one-way Anova at 95% of confidence level and continued by Least Significant Differential (LSD). The result showed that there was significant difference (P <0.05) between control group, P1 and P2 for cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL. It could be concluded that Aloe vera peel extract lowers cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels, and increases HDL levels better than Aloe vera gel extract.


Among the many learner variables that may influence language learning, autonomy is a very unique one because it involves learners being responsible for their own learning. In the current study, autonomy is operationally defined as a construct comprising three components: sense of responsibility, engagement in learning activities, and perceived ability. This study aimed to provide insights into the construct and gain a further understanding of its relationship with motivation among students learning English as a foreign language. The sample included university freshmen who were non-English majors and were taking required English classes at the time of the study. The results suggested that participants possessed a satisfactory level of autonomy when asked about their perceptions of responsibility, whereas they tended to possess an unsatisfactory level of autonomy regarding engagement in learning activities inside or outside the classroom. In addition, the results indicated that students of all three proficiency levels tended to perceive their ability as being mediocre. Significant differences in all three aspects of learner autonomy were observed for participants with different motivation levels. Furthermore, the findings establish that motivation and autonomy had a high level of positive correlation. Engagement frequency of learning activities had the strongest association with motivation, followed by perceived ability and responsibility. Finally, the results revealed that motivation effectively contributed to predicting autonomy, accounting for a relatively high amount (50%) of variance in the dependent variable.


A method that combines temperature field detection, adaptive FCM (Fuzzy c-means) clustering algorithm and RBF (Radial basis function network) neural network model is proposed. This method is used to analyze the thermal error of the spindle reference point of the taurenEDM (Electro-discharge machining) machine tool. The thermal imager is used to obtain the temperature field distribution of the machine tool while the machine tool simulates actual operating conditions. Based on this, the arrangement of temperature measurement points is determined, and the temperature data of the corresponding measurement points are got by temperature sensors. In actual engineering, too many temperature measurement points can cause problems such as too high cost, too much wiring. And normal processing can be affected. In order to establish that the thermal error prediction model of the machine tool spindle reference point can meet the actual engineering needs, the adaptive FCM clustering algorithm is used to optimize the temperature measurement points. While collecting the temperatures of the optimized temperature measurement points, the displacement sensors are used to detect the thermal deformation data in X, Y, Z directions of the spindle reference position. Based on the test data, the RBF neural network thermal errors prediction model of the machine tool spindle reference point is established. Then, the test results are used to verify the accuracy of the thermal errors analysis model. The research method in this paper provides a system solution for thermal error analysis of the taurenEDM machine tool. And this builds a foundation for real-time compensation of the machine tool's thermal errors.


In this letter the effects of nylon buffering in multimode fibres are examined using a method previously reported, and the design criteria for avoiding the additional loss due to the nylon buffering are shown.


The Fabric defect detection method based on Cascade Deep Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is proposed in this paper. The method describes the data by Deep SVDD to realize the correct evaluation between the normal fabric images and the images with defects in the high dimensional space. Combining with the cascading method, the proposed algorithm can be used to detect minor defects more accurately and quickly. We take the anomaly score as the evaluation result of the testing image, then the Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) outlier detection method is applied to get the final defect detection results. This newly developed method can be trained with only a small amount of defect-free samples, which greatly reduces manual intervention. A variety types of defects in the general fabric images can be detected efficiently. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model has good global performance and high recall rate.


Cooperative diversity is a transmission technique, where multiple terminals form a virtual antenna array that realizes spatial diversity gain in a distributed fashion. The concept of cooperation has already been introduced to MAC layer to design MAC protocol. But it does not take advantage of physical layer's cooperation. In this paper, we present a novel MAC protocol based on IEEE 802.11, called C‐MAC, which is able to support the basic building block of cooperative system. In other words, in C‐MAC, a source would invite a relay node into data transmission if there exits an available one. During data transmission, the source sends the signal to destination in the first time slot. The relay node will retransmit the overheard information to the destination in the second time slot. The destination combines two signals from the source and the helper to create the spatial diversity and robustness against channel fading. The C‐MAC is backward compatible to the legacy IEEE 802.11 system. The performance of C‐MAC mainly depends on physical layer's performance as it just provides the support for cooperation at the MAC layer. If the physical layer works well, C‐MAC would outperform IEEE 802.11 when considering packet error rate (PER). We also perform extensive simulation using ns‐2 with assumptive physical parameters. The results show that C‐MAC would outperform 802.11 if PER is over some threshold, e.g. when PER is 0.4, C‐MAC can achieve up to 11.5% higher throughput than IEEE 802.11. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objectives: The relation between aortic root dimension (ARD) and measures of arterial stiffness is uncertain. Accordingly, we studied the relation between ARD and an estimate of arterial stiffness in 12 392 hypertensive patients (age 53 ± 12 years, 43% women) free of prevalent cardiovascular disease and with ejection fraction at least 50%, from the Campania Salute Network Registry. Methods: Echocardiographic ARD was measured and compared with the value predicted by age, sex and height by using a z-score. Arterial stiffness was assessed by the pulse pressure/stroke index. The highest population tertile of pulse pressure/stroke index was considered 'high arterial stiffness'. Results: High arterial stiffness was more common in women than in men (P < 0.001) and associated with older age, diabetes, longer duration of hypertension and less frequent smoking habit (all P less than 0.01). Patients with high arterial stiffness had smaller ARD, higher carotid intima–media thickness and plasma cholesterol, and lower BMI and glomerular filtration rate (all P less than 0.01). In multivariable logistic analysis, high arterial stiffness was associated with both lower ARD z-score [OR 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.79–0.88)] and higher carotid intima–media thickness [OR 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.26–1.47); both P less than 0.0001], independent of significant associations with age, female sex, body size, DBP, heart rate, duration of hypertension, diabetes and smoking habit. Conclusion: Small ARD, together with atherosclerotic modifications of conduit arteries, is associated with increased 2-element Windkessel model of arterial stiffness in hypertension, independently of the significant effect of confounders.


A flashlamp-pumped dye laser was modified to produce 80mJ/pulse, narrowband output at 532 nm suitable for pumping of Raman active transitions of the major combustion species CO2, H2O, N2, and O2. Simultaneous measurements of multiple species were obtained in atmospheric pressure methane-air flames, demonstrating absolutely quantitative measurements of species mole-fraction. Comparisons with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pumping showed that higher fluences, and concomitantly higher Raman signals, were possible with the long-pulse flashlamp-pumped dye laser. A series of measurements in Physical Sciences Inc.'s (PSI) Gas Turbine Combustion Simulation Facility compared the Nd:YAG laser to the dye laser using both heptane and Jet-A fuels at pressures up to 15 atm. A commercial GE CFM-56 fuel injector was used to accurately simulate the aero-thermo-chemical environment of a practical gas turbine combustor. Measurements obtained with the low pulse energy flashlamp pumped dye laser suggest that improved laser performance should achieve ~ 1% mole-fraction accuracy of the major combustion species.


The flow stress behaviors of Ag-SnO2(10%,mass fraction) composite material prepared by powder metallurgical method were investigated on Gleeble-1500 machine at temperatures of 750-900 ℃ and strain rates of 0.01-1 s-1.The microstructures of Ag-SnO2(10%) composite materials after hot compression deformation were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The deformation activation energy was calculated using the hyperbolic-sine mathematics model,and the flow stress constitutive equation of Ag-SnO2 composite during hot compression was represented by Zener-Hollomon parameter.The results indicate that the flow stress depends on the strain rate and deformation temperature.The flow stress increases with the strain rate increasing and decreases with deformation temperature increasing.The flow stress of Ag-SnO2 composite predicted by the proposed models well agrees with experimental results.The combined action of dynamic recrystallization and twins crystals is the main deformation mechanism in the hot compression of Ag-SnO2 composite.The quantity of twin crystals increases with the strain rates increasing and also the secondary twins are observed.


The extraction of chromium (Cr) from soil by using green mustard (Brassica
juncea) have been studied. The effect of various experimental parameters have been
investigated too. The results showed that the amount of Cr from soil by Brassica juncea
plants affected by soil pH and plant age, the highest withdrawal occurred at of pH 7.0 -
7.5 at the age of 7 weeks. Cr withdrawal from soil by using green mustard without
induction with cadmium showed that the accumulation in roots was 412.287 mg / kg of
dry mustard and in the dry weight of leaves was 270.634 mg/kg mustard. The results also
showed that there was no influence between the size of the pot with the accumulation of
Cr on the plant because of the statistical analysis showed that there was no significant
difference between the size of the pot (0.5 kg soil) with the other size larger. While the
withdrawal of Cr from soil using cadmium induction showed that the Cr accumulation in
roots was 873.30 mg / kg of dry mustard and in the leaves was 545.28 mg / kg dry weight
of mustard. Thus, translocation of chromium metal ions from soil into roots and leaves of
green mustard with the addition of the cadmium as an inductor may increase
significantly which is two times greater than the accumulation of chromium without the
addition of inductors.


OBJECTIVE To improve the efficiency of drug distributing business process in hospital.METHODS Drug distributing business process is reengineered by rearranging the responsibility between outpatient drugstore and drug warehouse and adjusting the contents of business process activities.Drug warehouse uses red,yellow and green light to monitor the drug status of outpatient drugstore and turns once drug dispensation to small amount batch.The amount of drug distributing is set by the anticipate service level of hospital according to the probability distribution of the daily drug consuming is normal.RESULTS The none value created activities of drug distributing business process are eliminated,the lead time of drug distributing is shorten and the inventory turnover of the outpatient drugstore is increased.CONCLUSION The business process reengineering of drug distributing based on lean thinking increases the efficiency of drug distributing business process and service level of outpatient drugstore for patients.


The broadband integrated service network (B-ISDN) had been considered as one of the leading network architectures of fiber to the home for delivering integrated services for a quite long period of time. However, with the development of the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology, large number of channels of lights with different wavelengths are used to transmit data within one single fiber. This increases the bandwidth capacity of a single fiber by tens or even hundreds of times. DWDM has been deployed for long-haul transmissions and will surely change the landscape of fiber-to-the-home network architecture and protocols. Utilizing the bandwidth capability of DWDM to deliver broadband integrated services to homes is an important area of research. This paper presents a virtual star network architecture based on the very high channel count DWDM (VHCC-DWDM) framework, which uses the wavelength channels within one fiber to link the users with the service providers or the edge routers of the Internet. The paper discusses the network architectural issues, which include the network topology, the very high channel count DWDM, the wideband-low-loss fiber for access networks, and the user premises. The paper starts with an overview of the DWDM based residential access networks which have been developed in the literature.


References html#ref-list-1 http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/468/2147/3725.full. This article cites 18 articles Subject collections (141 articles) mechanical engineering  • (115 articles) materials science  • Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here the box at the top right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in


We consider parity nonconservation (PNC) in singly ionized ytterbium (Yb{sup +}) arising from the neutral current weak interaction. We calculate the PNC electric dipole transition amplitude (E1{sub PNC}) and the properties associated with it using relativistic coupled-cluster theory. E1{sub PNC} for the [4f{sup 14}] {sup 2}6s{yields}[4f{sup 14}] {sup 2}5d{sub 3/2} transition in Yb{sup +} has been evaluated to within an accuracy of 5%. The improvement of this result is possible. It therefore appears that this ion is a promising candidate for testing the standard model of particle physics.


There has been increasing attention to the use of soil amendments and green plants to remediate surface soils contaminated with Pb. We call one form of this technique in-place inactivation. In-place inactivation reduces the hazards associated with contaminated soils through the use of chemicals that change the molecule species of the Pb to stabilize the soil Pb chemically and physically in situ. We have seen significant changes in soil Pb chemistry, Pb leached from soil, and Pb measured by a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) after incorporating inexpensive and readily available materials to three soils. The soils have total Pb concentrations that range from 1200 to 3500 mg kg-1. The leachable soil Pb was significantly reduced in all cases from as high as 30 mg Pb L-1 to below the regulatory limit of 5 mg Pb L-1 after soil treatment. The PBET mimics the mammalian gastric−intestinal tract solutions. In the simulated intestinal phase of the PBET, Pb in solution was reduced by 72% in one of the soi...


The present invention discloses a lead frame and a chip package. The lead frame includes a die pad, a plurality of pins, the outer frame, a plurality of connecting rods and a plurality of grounding bar. Pin seat provided on the chip peripherals. Pin chip carrier and disposed in the outer frame, and one end of each pin remote from the chip carrier is connected to the outer frame. Between the first branch and the third branch of each connecting rod connected to the frame and having an end portion extending toward the die pad, the end portion having a first branch parallel to each other, the second branch and the third branch, wherein the second branch is located and connected chip carrier. Grounding bar located between the die pad and the pins, each grounding bar disposed along an edge of the corresponding die pad, and having a grounding bar between two adjacent connecting rods, rod ends are connected to the ground the corresponding a first connecting rod and another branch of the third branch of the connecting rod. Having greater design flexibility of the lead frame according to the present invention.


If consumers like the music in an advertisement, this is conducive to their forming a positive response. To find out what kinds of advertising music people like we conducted semistructured in-depth interviews with 20 participants in China, then analyzed the content through thematic
 analysis. We found that consumers liked music that they perceived as having good advertising functions, acceptable artistic qualities, attractive characteristics (e.g., interesting, positive, easy to remember, distinctive), and which had the ability to evoke positive affect and feelings. This
 study supplements previous investigations into advertising music from the perspective of consumers. On the basis of our findings, we provide suggestions on selecting music for advertisements that consumers find likable.


After a disaster such as a hurricane or flood, your water supplies may have become contaminated or been temporarily cut off. To make sure the water you are using is safe for you and your family, follow these guidelines: Listen to and follow public announcements from your local authorities. They will tell you if your tap water is safe to drink or use for cooking and bathing. If the water is not safe, use only bottled water, or boil or disinfect your water for cooking, cleaning or bathing. Until your water supply is tested and found safe, use only bottled, boiled or treated water for drinking, cooking, washing dishes, cleaning, brushing your teeth, washing your hands and bathing. If water is limited, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer to wash your hands.


A review of some of the literature concerned with the aetiology of homosexuality shows that certain variables, in particular those involving the relationship between the homosexual and his parents, differ between studies involving populations of neurotic homosexuals and those concerned with non-psychiatric populations. Investigators concerned with the former group (Bieber et al., 1962; O'Connor, 1964; West, 1955), have placed emphasis on the importance of the mother-child relationship, having found this to be abnormally intense in the case of many homosexuals. On the other hand, a well controlled study by Bene (1965), involving a non-psychiatric population of homosexuals, revealed no difference between her homosexual and heterosexual groups as regards maternal overprotection. Her findings caused her to place more emphasis on the father-child relationship.


Diarrhea is the most common disease of the gastro-intestinal tract for which narcotics are used and the only one that will be discussed here; but this discussion will serve to indicate the uses and limitations of these drugs in other gastro-intestinal diseases. The use of morphine in the gastric crises of tabes will be discussed under tabes. Alvarez 1 says that many opinions relating to the physiology and pharmacology of this region must be revised, and that an understanding of these is essential for the treatment of diarrhea. The diet exerts a profound influence on the entire digestive tract. Different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract vary enormously in size in different species. Man's stomach is simple; the small intestine is relatively short, and the cecum relatively small. The roles of the sympathetic, the vagus and the plexuses of Auerbach and Meissner in the normal gastro-intestinal tract are not known. The


Summary.  We adapt martingale estimating equations based on gap time information to a general intensity model for a single realization of a modulated renewal process. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators is proved under ergodicity conditions. Previous work has considered either parametric likelihood analysis or semiparametric multiplicative models using partial likelihood. The framework is generally applicable to semiparametric and parametric models, including additive and multiplicative specifications, and periodic models. It facilitates a semiparametric extension of a popular parametric earthquake model. Simulations and empirical analyses of Taiwanese earthquake sequences illustrate the methodology's practical utility.


The article emphasizes the importance of social and moral development of preschool children, presents the views and ideas of scientists on this problem. Mechanisms of realization of the Self-concept in the process of socialization of the preschool child's personality are considered, the role of teachers is emphasized.


Over the last decade or so there has been growing interest in research on computationally analyzing opinions, feelings, and subjective evaluation in text. This burgeoning body of work, variously called "sentiment analysis," "opinion mining," and "subjectivity analysis," addresses such problems as distinguishing objective from subjective propositions, characterizing positive and negative evaluations, determining the sources of different opinions expressed in a document, and summarizing writers' judgments over a large corpus of texts. Potential applications include Web mining for consumer and political opinion summarization, business and government intelligence analysis, and improving text analysis applications such as information retrieval, question answering, and text summarization. In this well-written book, Pang and Lee survey the current state of the art in opinion mining and sentiment analysis, broadly construed, with the goal of fitting this diverse research area into a unified framework. After a brief introduction to the area (Chapter 1) and survey of application areas (Chapter 2), the authors present their view of the central challenges that unify this research area in Chapter 3, largely by contrasting it with "traditional," "fact-based" text analysis. The book then surveys the full range of extant approaches, dividing them into sentiment classification and extraction (Chapter 4), and opinion summarization (Chapter 5). This survey is quite thorough as regards computational work in the area, though it lacks detailed reference to relevant linguistics research such as in the study of modality (Nuyts 2001; Kärkkäinen 2003), cognitive linguistics (Stein and Wright 1995; Langacker 2002), and appraisal theory (Martin and White 2005). This lacuna is justified, however, by the (perhaps unfortunate) fact that little computational work to date relates to this literature. A distinctive and valuable feature of the book is the inclusion of material on the relationship between subjective language and its social and economic impact (Chapter 6). This discussion helps to place the technical work in its larger context, pointing towards opportunities and risks in its application in various situations. Also particularly valuable is Chapter 7, on publicly available resources, which includes much useful information about available data sets, relevant competitive evaluations, and tutorials/bibliographies in the area. Although much of this information is likely to become outdated, the authors also maintain a companion Web site which presumably will feature updates to this resource list. The book provides a useful resource for application developers as well as for researchers, though some readers might have benefited from a more extensive discussion of real-world applications and how various techniques can be used as components of larger systems. Overall, this slim and entertaining volume is an excellent and timely survey of an exciting and growing research area within computational linguistics.—Shlomo Argamon, Illinois Institute of Technology


Aims Challenging behaviours often results in exclusion from communities and is associated with worse outcomes for patients with Intellectual Disability (ID). Due to substantial cut backs in local community service provisions across Highland for people with ID, placements have dwindled and recent trends indicate a high demand for "crisis" inpatient admission for PWID with co-morbid mental health and/or pervasive developmental disorders. This project aims to thematically analyse the admission trends to the Intellectual Disability Assessment and Treatment Unit (IDATU) in NHS Highland over a 5 year period (2018-2022). Methods All patients admitted to and discharged from the IDATU over a 5 year (2018-2022) period were identified. Their case notes were reviewed and details on the primary reason for admission were manually gleaned from the admission clerking document. Data were also gathered for demographics, diagnosed mental disorder, legal status and length of admission. Results Total 18 new admissions were identified. All had established ID and/or co-morbid mental illness, autism, & other organic conditions. The average age was 30.2 years. 81% of admissions were formal. Length of admission varied from 1 to 814 days. Allowing for some overlap, admission themes mainly fell into 3 categories: challenging behaviour related- Aggression, Abscond, Self-Neglect, Suicidal (50%), Decline in mental/Physical health- Psychosis, Confusion, Weight Loss (16.7%) and manageability- Vulnerability, Breakdown of social situations (33.3%). Several themes were identified amongst the stated reasons for admission in case notes. A pattern emerged whereby these fell into 3 different headings as shown by the table here. Conclusion The above three themes identified are not surprising. A combination of behaviours grouped as "challenging" and also felt to be "unmanageable" were cited as primary reasons for admission. Notwithstanding the dwindling of community resources and workforce attrition within the ID Service in recent years, the actual numbers admitted to IDATU was roughly down by 50% comparing a 5 year analysis done from 2012-2017 (34 Vs 18). Robust scrutiny/tightening of IDATU admission criteria, along with other new service initiatives may have helped mitigate against any inappropriate use of IDATU beds. Given the established and well researched risk of institutionalisation, it is of interest to us that our findings suggest that the services employed by the State to reduce this risk were already involved in a large proportion of cases. It is our recommendation that future service development planning should focus, incentive, invest and expand robust community ID services and resources within Highland.


Music is the richest emotional art;the sound of singing displays the human sentiment in the artistic method.The singer highlights own sound color,but this must be on the foundation of the sentimental processing.The natural relations established between the sound and the sentiment is one of remarkable characteristics of vocal music art.Their natural union is the precondition to obtain the success.


Contrary to Peter Hare's claim that James was a natural realist, I argue that James was a radical empiricist. As James's pervasive use of 'phenomena' attests, his central insight and organizing theme of selective interest required such a 'double-barreled' term to signify the stream of sensations or consciousness being organized. Selection, interpretation, 'knowing-as', rather than perception or description, all inform the intentional, value-laden actions that constitute the model of pragmatist analysis.


Investigates the nature and performance of the native integral ratio (NIR) technique for separating the foreground from the background in a grey-scale handwriting image. The technique separates the pixels into three groups: background, foreground and a fuzzy group of pixels which may be either foreground or background. The NIR has previously been shown to perform well in qualitative experiments by comparing of the resulting thresholded images with other thresholding techniques. In this paper, the properties of the NIR technique are analysed on hypothetical (Gaussian) distributions. The technique is found to be robust to the variation of the distribution strength and variance, and to the presence of strong uniform noise.


ABSTRACT Rotational cryptanalysis was introduced by Khovratovich and Nikoli ´c as a tool to analyse ARX-type cipher designs. GOST 28147-89 is a former Soviet Union cipher standard based on a Feistel construction with 32 rounds. Each round function adds the round key modulo 232, transforms the result with 4-to-4 bit S-boxes, and rotates the output. We apply the rotational cryptanalysis to a version of GOST using eight identical S-boxes, such as GOST-PS. We show the existence of (practical) rotational distinguisher in related key model for full GOST. Furthermore, there is a set of weak keys (rotationally symmetric keys) that enables rotational attacks in single-key model as well. Finally, we show a simple attack on the last round that uses the rotational distinguisher to reduce the complexity of the full GOST to 208 bits.


saying that Rapallo was "the first step" in "overturning the decisions of 1918 by force," if only because military collaboration had already begun. One of Fink's few comparative perspectives is quite interesting. She suggests that the statesmen gathered at Genoa lacked the personal qualities that made possible the limited accords reached at Helsinki in 1975. The reader may note many instances in which the diplomats of 1922 were less well prepared than those of more recent decades. Is it possible, though we often lament the passing of nineteenth-century diplomatic savoir-faire, that foreign relations have become more professional? Modern diplomats can at least stay in touch with their home capitals in ways unavailable in 1922, when talks sometimes adjourned for three or four days while Chicherin tried to get instructions from Moscow. The book's major achievement is to show the interpenetration of domestic and foreign policy in each major European country after Versailles.


A B S T R A C T : T his study analy z es w hether phy sicians charg e their privately insure d patients m o re - a pra ctice kno w n as co st shifting - in re spo nse to Me dicare pay me nt re ductio ns. A s part o f co ng re ssional leg islatio n in 1989 and 1990, Medicare reduced its pay ment rates for selected procedures by as much as 30 percent. H ere we ex amine whether reductions in Medicare rates increase how much phy sicians charg e privately insured patients. O ur data provide no evidence that phy sicians respond to Medicare pay ment reductions by shifting costs to their privately insured patients.


This paper presents a FPGA implementation of a Sub-pixel correction algorithm for active laser range finders. It shows how to replace complex CPU operations by an efficient use of arithmetic functional units and lookup tables LUTs. This leads to a less complex architecture and an increase in performance. The architecture of a processor element, its complexity and performance on a Xilinx FPGA device are presented.


The present invention relates to a system and method for elimination by condensing into the underground gas storage compartment contained moisture. Underground facility having a dehumidification system comprising: an interior wall, the inner wall surface of the underground facilities is spaced a distance, a buffering space formed between the walls and the interior, thus the inner chamber interior space of the underground facility and buffer space apart; a ventilation means, the buffer may be circulated between the chamber and the inner space of the underground facility through the means of air. According to the present invention, without having to install any air conditioner or dehumidifier, and these devices are expensive, in use, it will consume a large power, large maintenance costs.


For any odd positive integer n , we express cyclic codes over ℤ 4 of length 4 n in a new way. Based on the expression of each cyclic code C , we provide an efficient encoder and determine the type of C . In particular, we give an explicit representation and enumeration for all distinct self-dual cyclic codes over ℤ 4 of length 4 n and correct a mistake in the paper "Concatenated structure of cyclic codes over ℤ 4 of length 4 n " (Cao et al. in Appl Algebra Eng Commun Comput 10:279–302, 2016). In addition, we obtain 50 new self-dual cyclic codes over ℤ 4 of length 28.


During the past year about 50 domestic hens from a farm at Wheathampstead, Herts, have been sent to this laboratory for postmortem examination. The birds came in singly at first. Later as the helminthic fauna seemed likely to prove interesting, they were kindly sent in groups of three. When a diseased bird died, a thin one and an apparently healthy one were slaughtered so as to effect a control. The hens had been bought as adults from a number of local farmers and were kept outside on free range. They belonged to the breeds Ancona, Light Sussex, Rhode Island Red or were a cross between R.I.R. and Light Sussex. All the birds seemed to be equally affected.


Abstract 2444 Multiple myeloma genomes are characterized by complex structural and numerical abnormalities. Proteasome inhibitors are routinely used to treat multiple myeloma. Despite significant clinical success with these agents, development of resistance often limits therapeutic benefit. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to proteasome inhibitors. In order to understand the dynamics of structural evolution of the multiple myeloma genome under selective pressure afforded by proteasome inhibition and to identify targets to overcome acquired resistance, we derived global optical maps of two myeloma cancer genomes (DNA extracted from CD138+ tumor cells), obtained sequentially from the same patient before and after development of resistance to bortezomib, the prototypical therapeutic proteasome inhibitor. Optical Mapping offers a high throughput, single molecule, whole genome analysis that offers the highest rate of discovery of structural and numerical variants, free of the confounders associated with hybridization-based approaches. Briefly, the Optical Mapping System assembles entire genomes from large datasets of Rmaps (Rmap = a restriction-mapped individual genomic DNA molecule- see Figure 1) from which novel balanced and complex structural variants (2 kb – entire chromosomes) are discovered and tabulated by our pipeline (Figure 2). We identified multiple structural variants including single nucleotide variations (SNVs), deletions, insertions, inversions, and loss of heterozygosity regions across the entire genome. Some of these variants are common to both bortezomib-sensitive and bortezomib-resistant genomes. We also discovered variants that were unique to the bortezomib resistant genome, implicating a role in acquisition of drug resistance. Many of these structural variants encompass genes, some of which have not been previously associated with multiple myeloma and bortezomib resistance, thus providing a rationale for further interrogation of these novel targets. In addition to novel potential targets, known recurrent events including del(13q) and a deletion spanning the CDKN2C/FAF1 locus on chromosome 1 were detected. Future efforts are directed towards integration and correlation of optical maps with whole genome sequencing and transcriptional profiling as well as establishing the frequency of prioritized genomic perturbations in bortezomib-sensitive and –resistant patient populations. The integration of structural optical maps with base-pair sequence information and transcriptomic tracks will generate an entirely new view of the multiple myeloma cancer genome at a previously unseen resolution. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


ABSTRACT This paper deals with electroosmotic dewatering that can be very effective for sludge which is difficult to dewater by conventional mechanical techniques. First, the dewatering mechanism of sludge due to electroosmosis is analyzed theoretically based on an electroosmotic flow through a compressible packed bed of particles, and then its processes under the conditions of both constant electric current and constant voltage are discussed both theoretically and experimentally. Further theoretical expressions for the dewatering rate and the electric power consumption are proposed using a simple model in which the sludge bed consists of two parts: a dewatering bed and a dewatered bed. The equations obtained theoretically are demonstrated to be applicable to the design of electroosmotic dewatering equipment.


The minimum exposure required to produce persistent pigmentation (PP) on the skin of normal Japanese subjects was evaluated by means of monochromatic irradiation on the back using a high-intensity monochromator. PP was induced within the range of wavelengths up to 468 nm, with a peak from 330 to 370 nm, but it was not observed at 482 or 497 nm. When the PP production curve was obtained taking the spectral distribution of sunlight into account, it showed a peak at 340 nm centering in the UVA region and extending into the region up to 396 nm. Thus, it appears that solar UVA participates in PP formation.


The article considers the international legal regulation of combating cybercrime, which is considered as a transnational phenomenon. In the group of transnational crimes, along with drug trafficking, terrorist acts, money laundering, illegal import of migrants, human trafficking, firearms trafficking, counterfeiting, etc., cybercrimes play an important role in terms of public harm, unprecedented and rapid growth. The mechanisms and directions of the fight against cybercrime developed by international criminal law are studied, among which the international legal regulation is of fundamental importance, and difficulties in defining the concepts of "cybercrime" and "computer crimes" are noted. The classification of types of cybercrimes is given and their most characteristic features are revealed.
The author analyzes the international normative documents that form the legal basis for regulating relations in the field of international cybercrime, among which the most prominent are conventions, including the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of November 15, 2000, the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime of November 23, 2001 and Additional Protocol to it of January 28, 2003. The obligations of states to criminalize cybercrime in national legislation are analyzed, the types of illegal actions related to cybercrime are considered, in particular the main four groups of crimes classified in the 2001 Cybercrime Convention by Gender object and on specific grounds of the object of encroachment: 1) crimes against confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems; 2) offenses related to the use of computer tools; 3) offenses related to the content of data; 4) offenses related to infringement of copyright and compatible rights, as well as additional types of liability and sanctions (attempt, complicity). The Protocol to the 2003 Cybercrime Convention expands this range of crimes and contains obligations to criminalize the following acts: distribution of racist and xenophobic material through computer systems. The limitation of the 2001 Convention on Cybercrime, adopted by the Council of Europe, and the need to adopt a universal instrument that would significantly increase the fight against cybercrime are noted.


The microcirculation and fine structure of the rabbit and rat organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In both animals, the microcirculation is composed of a superficial and a deep vascular bed but the system is more complex and extensive in the rabbit. This was particularly true of the deep vascular bed. In the rabbit, the deep bed is composed of fenestrated capillaries, which are arranged in glomerular tufts surrounded by very wide perivascular spaces (PVS). In contrast, the deep vascular bed of the rat OVLT usually consists of only one or two small vessels. These are either fenestrated and surrounded by a PVS or lined by continuous endothelium with only a few fenestrae and without a dilated PVS. A corresponding difference was seen in the contours of the ventricular surface. It is much more irregular in the rabbit than in the rat and numerous bulges reflect the underlying vascular tufts and pockets of PVS in the rabbit. Supraependymal cells are present in both species and two sizes of them occur in the rabbit.


In this paper, a new type of surgical device for the coagulation and scission of biological tissues, such as blood vessels, using microwave energy is proposed. In addition, the effectiveness of the device for tissue coagulation is evaluated using a numerical analysis and an ex vivo experiment with swine liver tissue. In the numerical analysis, the coagulating capability of the device is evaluated by calculating the temperature distribution inside of the tissue grasped with the device. Microwave energy absorbed by the grasped tissue is used as a heat source for the bioheat transfer equation. In the ex vivo experiment, a prototype of the proposed device is used. The results of these investigations indicate that the proposed device has sufficient coagulating capability of the biological tissue. Moreover, for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed device in a more realistic condition, an in vivo experiment with the swine tissue has been conducted. In this experiment, venous hemorrhage at the surgical site is stopped using the prototype. As a result, the effectiveness of the proposed device has been confirmed by a surgeon.


Madhya Pradesh has the largest population of tribals among all the states in India. They constitute nearly one-fourth of Indias total tribal population. There are as many as 46 different tribal groups in the state among which Gonds Bhils Oraons Bhilalas Kols Kanwars are prominent. These groups show considerable variation in population size level of development acculturation and assimilation. Social and cultural traits religious beliefs and norms as well as traditional economic pursuits vary from tribe to tribe and from area to area (Saxena and Pandey : 1998). Out of these 46 tribal groups seven have been identified as the most backward or primitive tribes. They are Abujhmarias Baigas Hill Korwas Bharias Kamars Saharias and Birhors (Tiwari : 1984). They lead a secluded life far removed from modern conveniences. Acute poverty (over 90 per cent below the poverty line) and high illiteracy (over 90 per cent illiterate) mark their lives. From the health and nutritional point of view too they are vulnerable. Studies have reported high prevalence of respiratory infections among children genetic disorders and malnutrition especially among preschool children and among women of reproductive age (Pandey : 1996). Demographic studies carried out among these tribes have reported high mortality levels especially infant mortality rate which is as high as 155 compared to 106.6 for the State. About half the number of infant deaths occur during the neonatal period. The interval between first birth and subsequent births is generally longer among these tribes than that in the other population in the same area (Pandey : 1999 Pandey and Tiwary : 1996). A comparison of population indices has revealed that the primitive tribes are lagging behind the population of the State by about three decades (Pandey : 1988). There is a paucity of studies on pregnancy birth related practices and their possible impact on the reproductive health of these tribes. This paper makes an attempt in this regard. (excerpt)


Hydrogen adsorption on Gd(0001) has been studied with angle-resolved photoemission. Hydrogen adsorption attenuates the surface state near [ital E][sub [ital F]] on the clean Gd(0001) surfaces and induces two two-dimensional bands which are at 3.8 eV and about 6 eV near [bar [Gamma]]. The state with the smaller binding energy has [ital d][sub [ital z]][sup 2] character at [bar [Gamma]] and disperses away from [ital E][sub [ital F]] about 1 eV. The state at the greater binding energy disperses toward [ital E][sub [ital F]] about 0.5--1 eV. At low substrate temperatures (120--130 K), the hydrogen chemisorption on the Gd(0001) surface results in a work-function decrease of 0.2 eV. The correlation between the changes of the surface electronic structure and the corresponding change in the surface magnetic ordering is discussed.


graphy at the end of the book one might perhaps add Cherniss, Aristotle's Criticism of Pre-Socratic Philosophy, 1935, and possibly Zeller-Mondolfo. This is a book written with a definite purpose, for the teacher and student rather than for the research worker. As such, it should satisfy a real need. Throughout, the emphasis is on philosophic doctrines and speculations; literary questions, the successions of philosophers and schools, religious ideas, and the political affiliations of philosophers are scarcely touched on. But these are matters which may be developed in teaching if desired, and the present book provides a very adequate tool for the teaching of Greek philosophy to Classical students.


Smokeless tobacco use is gaining popularity among young males in the United States. A historical perspective provides insight into how smokeless tobacco has affected the religious, legal, and medical aspects of our society. Nurses are urged to understand the effects of smokeless tobacco and to become advocates to help combat nicotine drug abuse in all areas of nursing practice.


The responses of cloud and diagnostic fields to the poleward shift of the local Hadley cell subsiding edge are examined using observational and reanalysis data from December 1982 to February 2016. Over the western North Pacific, the interannual variability of the local Hadley cell subsiding edge is marked by an anomalous rising motion, decreased large‐scale static stability, and corresponding increases of the midlevel cloud fraction over the climatological sinking zone around 35°N. The most sensitive cloud type is identified to be cumulus congestus, with cloud top pressures in the range of 440–680 hPa and optical thicknesses in the range of 23–60. This kind of cloud is estimated to be the main contributor to the net negative top‐of‐atmosphere radiation anomaly and to constrain the distribution of the anomalous precipitation associated with the local HC expansion.


A new linear programming formulation for handling categorical outputs in DEA is presented which eliminates the difficulties of interpretation and computation that accompanied earlier mixed integer models.


Closed trauma of the pancreas is a rare condition. The organ is located in a place with a relative protection. It is considered that between 1 and 5 % of serious abdominal traumatisms present a pancreatic lesion, according to different authors. This study describes the case of a 54-year-old male patient who had a closed trauma in the epigastrium by the kick of an ox, and came to the Emergency Department 72 hours after the trauma. On physical examination there was peritoneal reaction at that level. Abdominal echography showed a hematoma at the level of the pancreatic neck. It was decided to perform an exploratory laparotomy which revealed a total section of the pancreas neck to the right of the mesenteric vessels. Subtotal pancreatectomy was performed, together with splenectomy. The patient had a good postoperative progress.


Producing and consuming electricity are strongly related to macro –economic such as growth, employment and price. However, this relationship in many circumstances, places, times are not in a direction. The relationship of processing electricity and the economy depends on the structure between production and consumption, the cost of structure of sectors in the economy, the use of electricity by the producer, the consumer and internal structure of electricity industry of each country in each time.


Thank you very much for downloading dictionnaire amoureux de la justice. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this dictionnaire amoureux de la justice, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their computer. dictionnaire amoureux de la justice is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the dictionnaire amoureux de la justice is universally compatible with any devices to read.


A/O-two-stage Fenton/BAF process was used to reconstruct the leachate treatment system of a waste incineration power plant in Guangdong Province.The results indicated that the treatment efficiency and stability of A/O unit could be improved by aerobic reflux.When the total reflux radio was 1 ∶ 2,the average concentrations of the effluent COD and ammonia nitrogen were about 1 100 mg/L and 50 mg/L respectively,and the corresponding removal rates were all over 95%.The dosages of H2O2(27.5%) in two-stage Fenton unit were 4 mL/L and 1 mL/L respectively,while the dosages of FeSO4 were 8 g/L and 2 g/L respectively.When the HRTs of two-stage BAF were 8 h and 5 h respectively,the effluent COD,ammonia nitrogen,color and SS were less than 90 mg/L,3 mg/L,25 times and 15 mg/L respectively,meeting the first class criteria(the second period) of the Guangdong Province local standard Discharge Limits of Water Pollutants(DB 44/26-2001).


A multiscale numerical framework has been developed to investigate the dispersion of deep-sea hydrothermal plumes that originate from the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge located in the Northeast Pacific. The analysis of simulation outputs presented in this study provides insights into the influences of tidal forcing and the buoyancy flux associated with hydrothermal venting on ocean circulation and plume dispersion in the presence of pronounced seafloor topography. The results indicate that tidal forcing drives anti-cyclonic circulation near the ridge-axis, while hydrothermal venting induces cyclonic circulation around vent fields within the axial rift valley. Tidal forcing has a notable impact on plume dispersion, particularly near the large topographic features to the north of the Endeavour Segment. Furthermore, plume dispersion exhibits notable inter-annual variability, with a northbound trajectory in 2016 and a southbound trajectory in 2021. The study also reveals that both buoyancy fluxes and tidal forcing enhance the mixing of hydrothermal plumes with ambient seawater.


The authors analyzed the dependence of resolution of the image formed by this kind of slab lens by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The numerical results show that the subwavelength image resolution can be obtained,and the resolution is of the same order as the crystal constant. It is found that the image resolution depends on the symmetry of the air hole,and the higher symmetry corresponds to the better resolution. The 2D photonic crystal slab lens with circular air hole has best image resolution.


Objective To observe the effect of astragalus injection combined with valsartan in treating diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods 60 patients with diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into two groups(n=30),which were both given conventional therapy.The control group took orally valsartan daily while the therapy group were treated with astragalus injection and valsartan daily both for three weeks.Results The total effective rate of therapy group was statistically higher than that of control group(P0.05).The proteinuria,trace of uro-albumin and the serum creatinine after treatment were all decreased obviously compared with the index before treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Astragalus injection combined with valsartan in treating patients with diabetic nephropathy can decrease the level of urine protein,trace of albumin and the serum creatinine.


There is only one truth of history though the interpretation and understanding of which vary as times change with different people. To a researcher therefore, to understand truth of history and feelings of the people in history, it is important to reconstruct historical and social contexts of the time involved.


Abstract Regulation of maximum levels of cadmium in chocolate is an issue for cacao exportation from many parts of Latin America, including Colombia. These limits are related to the final product, but buyers often request maximum levels of Cd in the beans. However, to date, there is neither a clear understanding of the relationship between the specified levels of Cd in chocolate and cocoa derivatives and levels in harvested beans or soil nor of the effect of post-harvest processes on the levels of Cd in the final product. To address this, the fate of Cd concentration from soil to chocolate bar was followed in a single farm in Santander district, Colombia. The concentration of Cd in soils was measured using ICP-OES and correlated with soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and the use of P-based fertilisers. Cd concentrations were also measured in unfermented seeds, fermented and dried beans, shell, nibs, and chocolate. SOM (2.93–3.78%), soil pH (4.7–4.9), soil P concentration (120–132 mg kg−1) affect Cd availability. However, it is still unclear whether Cd concentration of P-based fertilisers (3–30 mg kg−1) is important or not. While post-harvest treatments did not affect the Cd concentration of beans (4.17 ± 0.8 mg kg−1 on average), the removal of the shell (6.57 mg kg−1) from the nibs (3.28 mg kg−1), as well as the percentage of cocoa mass used contributes to a reduction in Cd concentration in the chocolate bar (1.60 mg kg−1). This study provides clear indications on where research into mitigation measures should be focussed, as well as indicating the importance of carrying out analyses for Cd in the nib or cacao mass, rather than the whole bean, reducing Cd concentration by up to 40%. Graphical Abstract


The effect of Hall currents on the flow of a viscous incompressible slightly conducting fluid through a porous straight channel under a uniform transverse magnetic field is considered. The pressure gradient is taken as constant quantity and the case of steady flow is obtained by taking the time since the start of the motion to be infinite. Skin friction, temperature distribution and coefficients of heat transfer at both the plates have been evaluated. The effects of Hall parameter, magnetic parameter and Reynolds number on the above physical quantities have been investigated. Velocity distribution when the pressure gradient (i) varies linearly with time, and (ii) decreases exponentially with time has also been evaluated.


Heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein(G protein),a kind of protein in living cells,plays an important role in signal transduction on plasma membrane.G protein is actively involved in many physiological processes in plant,such as seed germina-tion,stem elongation,root growth,fruit development,and regulation of defense reaction system.To clarify the functions of G protein on wheat leaf rust resistance,we detected the roles of Gα and Gβ subunits at a gene expression level in the interaction between wheat(Triticum aestvum L.) and Puccinia triticina.The results may help to disclose the molecular mechanism of wheat leaf rust resistance and signal transduction.Typical compatible and incompatible interactions were constructed,from wheat leaf rust resistance near-isogenic lines TcLr1 and P.triticina 05-22-64/05-8-63①.Expression of gene encoding Gα or Gβ subunit was detected in these interactions by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Using water as control,the activities of chitinase,β-1,3-glucanase,and the rate changes of reactive oxygen ions production were determined in the compatible and incompatible interactions of wheat and P.triticina,respectively.In contrast with inoculated by virulent or avirulent strain independently,wheat leaves were smeared in a thin layer by G protein inhibitor pertussis toxin and inoculated with avirulent strain after 24 h.The ex-pressions of gene for Gα and Gβ subunits were up-regulated when inoculated with the avirulent strain but down-regulated by the inoculation of the virulent strain.Different subunits of G protein showed different priorities in the process of disease resistance signal transduction.The β subunit gene expressed earlier and in a higher level than the α subunit gene.In addition,G protein in-creased the resistance to P.triticina through stimulating the defense enzyme activities and reactive oxygen ions.These results indicate that both Gα and Gβ subunits may be involved in the process of disease resistant signal transduction.


The present invention relates to a method for analyzing cancer. e.g., breast cancer including detection of differential expression of at least one of the 16 genes encoding serine/threonine kinases listed in Table 1, or of the 16 genes, and to a polynucleotide library including at least one the 16 genes. This finds use in the development of novel applications, in particular in the development of prognosis or diagnostic of breast cancer or for monitoring the treatment of a patient with a breast cancer.


The present invention relates to a method of producing a cosmetic composition and bride to Praga cas Pitot Shah extract containing the polar plant the bride to Praga cas Pitot Shah extract, the cosmetic composition of the invention is cell protection, antioxidants, whitening and wrinkle improvement effect excellent skin aging, can be effectively used in cosmetic compositions for skin protection and skin improvement. Cosmetics, Phyto-cas BRIDE Praga Shah, an antioxidant, protecting cells, whitening, wrinkle


The fracture enhancement of mixed-mode II - III crack in transformation toughened ceramics was predicated by using the pressure sensitive transformation criterion and the method of weighted function. The theoretical analysis of toughening effect for both the stationary and the steady-state growing crack were given respectively. There is negative toughening effect for the stationary crack and it will change when the ratio of KIII/KII increase. The toughening for the steady-state growing crack is associated with the modules of elasticity, the wide of transformation, the volume fraction of second phase particles and the ratio of KIII/KII .


Sydnone is one of the mesoionic heterocyclic aromatic compounds and is represented by the resonance hybrid of different polarized ionic structures. We have newly synthesized 3-propyl-4-propylsydnone (PPSD) and investigated its physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. The electron-pair donability for PPSD was higher than that for propylene carbonate (PC), but the electron-pair acceptability for PPSD was lower. The addition of PPSD to an ethylene carbonate (EC)-diethyl carbonate (DEC) equimolar binary mixture at the molar ratio of 1:1:0.05 was effective for an increase in cycling efficiency of a lithium anode. © The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.


Salmonella is a well known food borne pathogen which can be transmitted from animal to human being, and is a major pathogen that causes food poisoning. It is one of the most important pathogen to be detected in exit entry food microbiologic tests. From February to September 2004, 262 lots of import aquatic products and 45 lots of import meat products were examined by the Microbiology Lab of Tianjin Exit Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau. Identified with mini VIDAS and API 20E, Salmonella positive results from 3 lots(1 15%) of aquatic products (2 frozen panaeus from Indonesia, 1 frozen Nibea albiflora from India), and 1 lot (1 22%) of frozen turkey meat from USA. Then classified by serum resistance testing, the results were Salmonella senftenberg in frozen panaeus, Salmonella bareilly in Nibea albiflora and Salmonella montevideo in frozen turkey meat. We got the conclusion that these products may be caused enteric disease.


Abstract Despite the many studies that have addressed stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in high-strength aluminum alloys, the separate contributions of stress and electrochemistry to the SCC process ...


of dopamine from the rabbit caudate nucleus: Differences between electrical stimulation, amphetamine and tyramine. J . Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 216: 592-598. 65. HOFFMANN, I . S. & L. X. CUBBEDU. 1984. Differential effects of bromocriptine on dopamine and acetylcholine release modulatory receptors. J. Neurochem. 42: 278-282. 66. THOMPSON, J. M., C. L. MAKINO, J. R. WHITAKER & J . A. JOSEPH. 1984. Age-related decrease in apomorphine modulation of acetylcholine release from rat striatal slices. Brain Res. 299: 169-173. 67. SEEMAN, P. 1980. Brain dopamine receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 32: 229-313. 68. CREESE, I. , T. USDIN & S. H. SNYDER. 1979. Guanine nucleotides distinguish between two


Objective This study aimed to investigate the practice of hand-washing before bag changing among the operators who did home peritoneal dialysis(PD) and analyze the factors that influenced adherence to hand hygiene protocols.Methods During the month of April 2010,76 operators,who did home peritoneal dialysis for PD patients in PD center of Peking University People's Hospital,received the survey.A self-designed questionnaire survey on normative hand hygiene before operating and grading standard was used for this study.Results Among peritoneal dialysis operators,the majority are females(64.5%),65.8% are retirees and most of the dialysis operations were conducted by the patients themselves(73.7%).Only 5 of the operators(6.6%) passed when they were observed the procedures of hand washing.The average time of hand washing was 8 seconds.57.8% of the operators omitted two parts during washing procedures,and 81.6% of the operators omitted two or more parts.The parts accounts for higher omission rate in order were:knuckles,fingerwebs,fingertips.14 operators passed the bacterial colony counts after hand washing,with the pass rate was 18%.The bacterial colony counts were negatively correlated with the hand washing scores,that is,the lower scores of hand washing,the higher colony counts.The operator's age,dialysis duration,education level,occupation,gender,relationship with patients and other factors were not associated with hand washing scores.Conclusion The hand washing practice of the peritoneal dialysis operators are not normative.The professional PD nurses should pay attention to give the PD operators more training about the importance and the procedures of normative hand washing,so as to improve the hand hygiene status.


In a previous study, Standard Oil Production Company determined that duplex stainless steel conforming to UNS S31803 would be acceptable for piping and pipeline applications on the North Slope of Alaska. In consideration of the above studies as well as information contained in the literature or provided by suppliers, Standard Oil decided to utilize UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel for well piping, module piping and a three phase crude oil pipeline on a major offshore project. This piping will contain wet gas, produced water or non-inhibited crude oil. Some systems have a -50/sup 0/F (-46/sup 0/C) design requirement. Although the previous study had already shown that UNS S31803 would be acceptable for North Slope applications, additional studies were proposed to optimize the welding of this material. The proposed studies would determine welding parameter limits and would provide greater confidence in the material and the welding procedures for it which would be used on the North Slope for the first time. The knowledge gained during this study, would facilitate resolution of the questions and problems that would occur during construction.


Objective: To explore the identification of C reaction protein,adenosine deaminase and cancer antigen 125 in benign and malignant pleural effussion.Methods: 90 cases with pleural effussion were selected,and 30 cases were tuberculous pleural effussion,as group A;30 cases were carcinomaous pleural effussion,as group B;30 were purulence pleural effussion,as group C.The level of C reaction protein,adenosine deaminase and cancer antigen 125 was detected in three groups.Results: ①The level of C reaction protein,adenosine deaminase and cancer antigen 125 were higher than the normal level in three groups;②The level of C reaction protein in group C was higer than that in group A and group B,and that in group A was higher than that in group B(P0.05);③Adenosine in group A and group C than that in group B(P0.05);adenosine in group A was simila with that in group C(P0.05);④Cancer antigen 125 in group A and group B was higher than that in group C(P0.05);cancer antigen 125 in group B was higher than that in group A(P0.05).Conclusion: Joint detection of C reaction protein,adenosine deaminase and cancer antigen 125 is helpful to identify the benign and malignant pleural effussion.


Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is major public health problem worldwide. The problem of drug default is as old as chemotherapy itself. It has been encountered in all those diseases where the drugs have to be administered for a long time. However, it assumes a social significance in tuberculosis, because a drug defaulter in this diseases poses a threat not only to himself, but also to the community he lives in, by spreading the drug resistant organisms. For the T.B. clinics, it poses many additional problems e.g. default actions, retrieval of defaulters and reorganization of the chemotherapeutic schedule. Treatment failure was defined as a patient who is still sputum smear positive five months or more after the commencement of treatment. A defaulter was defined as a patient whose treatment was interrupted for two consecutive months or more. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate reasons underlying failure to complete DOTS treatment in TB patients in Nandyal urban, Kurnool dist. Methodology: A retrospective study. Results: In my study 110 cases are registered defaulter and failures. The sex wise distribution of the defaulter and failure cases are males (62%), and females (38%). The study cases are told multiple reasons. The reasons for the defaulter and failure cases are alcoholism (49.1%) is the major cause for the defaulter and failure case. Next followed by social stigma (20.9), carelessness and forgetfulness (16.4%), symptoms relieved (13.6%), feeling of wellbeing (12.7%), financial constraints (10%), and symptoms not relieved (4.5%), side effects (2.7%), long distance to DOTS center (1.8%), and patient not accepting he has tuberculosis (1.8%). Conclusions: In my study conclusions are a number of patients reported intermittent use of private clinics for privacy and also to avoid social stigma while visiting DOTS Centre. Private clinics generally lack record keeping and follow up arrangements, and do not link records with those of the DOTS Centre. Integrating TB care between all providers is another of the priority areas for the WHO 2006 "Stop TB" strategy. Strong association exist between socioeconomic status & compliance to TB management. No statistical significant difference age & sex distribution. Widevariations exist in age wise pattern. Multiple reasons associated with not adherence to treatment schedule. Recommendations: Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that accessibility to quality services and improvement in patient education needs to be done. More DOTS centers with more flexible working hours are needed so that they are easily accessible to all patients. Adequate education to community and familymembers on DOTS strategies is recommended. DOTS program should be introduced in all private clinics as a priority as suggested by the WHO. Home visits by the DOTS workers should be encouraged especially targeting working, elderly and severely ill patients.TB will remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nepal because of social issues like poverty, alcohol consumption, illiteracy, distance from health centers and stigma about the disease. This issue needs to be addressed appropriately and aggressively so that the country could contribute significantly in achieving the WHO goal of reducing the Global burden of TB.


Purpose – This study aims to assess the availability of micro-takaful (micro-Islamic insurance) schemes for the protection of houses belonging to low-income groups in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – Thestudyisconductedviadeskresearchandinterviewdiscussionswith representatives from takaful operators and key stakeholders. Findings – Findings of the study confirm the importance of micro-takaful as a scheme for the protection of low-income groups. Micro-takaful schemes in Malaysia are, however, skewed towards the protection of health, life and family. The study finds little industry interest in the provision of micro-takaful schemes for the protection of houses for low-income groups. This represents another important area that takaful operators should take into consideration in their planning. Research limitations/implications – The paper will help the Majlis Agama Islam Negeri-Negeri (MAINs), theregulator,takafuloperatorsandgovernmentagenciessuchasJabatanWakaf,ZakatdanHaji(JAWHAR)togenerateawarenessandpromotetheofferingofmicro-takafulschemesfortheprotectionofhousesbelongingtolow-incomegroupsinMalaysia. Practical implications – In light of the limited availability of micro-takaful schemes for the protection of houses for low-income groups, this study argues that takaful operators should offer and promote them. Social implications – The study is significant for fulfilling the need of low-income groups in Malaysia to protect their houses in the event of catastrophes so that they will not suffer significant losses. Rather, micro-takaful will assist them in improving their standard of living. Originality/value – This study promotes the idea that it is essential to facilitate the low-income groups with appropriate coverage made available to them; micro-takaful schemes in protecting their houses and home contents, should any defined calamities occur. The outcomes are necessary for further development of micro-takaful models, specifically for the protection of properties. The developed model shall be proposed for application in the Malaysian takaful and housing industry to facilitate low-income groups to obtain protection for their household and home contents.


The effect of niobium on the microstructures and mechanical properties of high carbon equivalent gray cast iron brake disc materials was investigated. The materials used in this study are two kinds of typical hypoeutectic and hypereutectic gray cast irons. The experimental results indicate that the addition of 0.10% niobium can refine the flake-like graphite and the mechanical properties including hardness and wedge strength of the cast iron were improved. Hot cracking resistance properties were also enhanced.


This chapter contextualizes Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) in relation to growing societal interest in the psychological impact of disease and the central role of healthcare providers in managing the threat of mortality and the end of life. There has been increasing recognition that the enormous investment in biotechnology and aggressive medical interventions for advanced disease has not been matched by complementary attention to the human dimensions of these conditions. There is now a growing public voice of patients and their families for more support in managing the psychological, emotional, and spiritual elements of advanced disease. The global palliative care movement emerged to address these unmet needs, but there has been less systematic attention in this field to the relief of psychological than physical suffering. CALM is a psychosocial intervention that is uniquely integrated with oncology and palliative care and focused on the psychological and social dimensions of advanced cancer.


The diagnosis of malignant melanoma is sometimes challenging. Immunohistochemistry for specific markers of melanocytic differentiation such as HMB-45 and Melan-A can be very valuable in proving melanocytic differentiation in poorly differentiated or spindled forms of melanoma. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF) is the most recently described and the only nuclear melanocytic marker. This article reviews the biology of MiTF and those published studies that have addressed its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. MiTF may be very valuable for the diagnosis of melanoma, including desmoplastic variants; melanocytic soft tissue tumors, such as clear cell sarcoma; and the unusual group of tumors that show combined melanocytic and myoid differentiation, the perivascular epithelioid cell family of tumors (PEComas).


A measurement of the rate of prompt diphoton production in {bar p}p collisions at {radical}s = 1800 GeV using the CDF detector is presented. The background from non-prompt sources is estimated using a sample of single photon candidate events. The results are compared to a next-to-leading order calculation by Bailey, et al. Both background and signal take on particular significance as an indicator of our ability to estimate the backgrounds affecting LHC low mass Higgs to diphoton searches.


Trip survey is an important premise and section for establishing a reasonable traffic plan.Because there are many problems of trip survey that need urgent solutions,the definition of trip survey rate is mainly according to external and qualitative experiences,lack of scientific theories.Therefore,it is important to determine the trip survey rate scientifically and reasonably based on the premise of guaranteeing survey accuracy according to survey object and method,which is also useful for further traffic plan,management and policy establishment.


Background: Theories and models are the bedrock of sound reasoning and judgments in any clinical practice. They serve as frameworks for scientific understandings and intellectual discussions. This paper provides a review of the Betty Neumann Systems Model (NSM) and how it could be applied to understanding the relationship between workload as a stressor and shift work disorder among nurses. Method: The Betty Neumann System Model was reviewed, and the main concepts were explained. A conceptual explanation of the model was then presented using the concepts relating to nurses' workload and shift work disorders among nurses. Results: The conceptual model shows that high workload as stressors if persistent could break the defence lines and results in symptoms predictive of shift work disorder among nurses who rotate shifts. However, primary prevention is needed before the individual is in contact with such a stressor. An example of primary prevention includes pre-shift napping and reducing working hours. Also, secondary prevention of stressors includes several treatment strategies such as promoting rest periods, reducing shift duration, and increasing inter-shift recovery. By augmenting inter-shift recovery, sleep debt and fatigue may subsequently diminish. When treatment occurs and is maintained, the restoration of balance may be achieved through tertiary prevention. Conclusion: The negative outcomes of workload stressors as manifested as shift work disorder (SWD) among nurses could be averted if the conceptual model of the Betty Neumann System Model is applied.


Functional dyspepsia defined as chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centred in the upper abdomen, with no clinical or endoscopic evidence of known organic disease ‐ is very common and causes considerable morbidity and Joss of productivity. A first priority in management is reassuring patients that they do not have a serious disorder. Few drugs have established benefit and the choice depends on which symptoms predominate ‐ prokinetic drugs may be most beneficial in those in whom discomfort (rather than pain), bloating or nausea is the most bothersome complaint and antisecretory drugs in those with predominant epigastric pain.


The purpose of this paper is to study the operation model and adaptive mechanism of new R&D system. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to the development and operation of the new R&D system. This research applies the systematic thinking to carry out the connotation of new R&D system with new interpretation on the basis of the complex adaptive system theory, and the complex adaptive characteristics of the complex adaptive system are analyzed to establish the complex adaptive system operation model of new R&D system, while the adaptive mechanisms of its multi-agent such as learning, collaboration, emergence, etc., are studied. Study results show that, the new R&D system is complex adaptive system, it is the emergence results for adapting with environmental changes. Consequently, the formulation of each relevant policy should be systematically considered characteristics of adaptability, nonlinear, butterfly effect, system hierarchical structure, integrity, etc.


SUMMARY

Soil loss and runoff prediction models were developed for a clay soil from a five-factor small-scale physical simulation of the field environment by following a central composite rota table experimental design.

The uncalibrated models efficiently ranked observed annual soil losses and runoff over a 4–year period between nine field treatments consisting of two bare fallows, two weed fallows and five plots cropped to soyabeans.

When calibrated against the field data, the soil loss model predicted the 4–year mean losses from cropped and bare fallow treatments to within 6% for two of the plots, to within 12% for five of the plots and to within 14% for all seven treatments.

Over the same period, the runoff model predicted mean annual runoff for the cropped and bare fallow treatments to within 4% for four of the plots and to within 16% for all seven treatments.

Percentage vegetal cover proved to be an adequate parameter for describing the role of the soyabean crop in runoff and soil loss processes for a wide range of planting densities of the crop. However, it did not prove to be an efficient index for weed fallows and it was apparent that factors other than simple above-ground cover became important soon after germination.


Three insecticides were evaluated for alfalfa weevil control in Menard County, Illinois during 1976. Plots were 20 × 40 ft and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied April 22 with a "back-pack" CO2 pressurized sprayer. This system delivered 29 gal/acre at 40 psi.


A major component of 3D design involves the manipulation of curved surfaces or the complex triangle meshes which approximate them. In the specific case of land-use planning design, these surfaces often represent the underlying terrain. Many techniques exist for the deformation of terrain surfaces for a single user. Building on existing work in the use of laser pointers for shared display groupware, we present a system using laser pointers on the MULTI platform to manipulate terrain in a 3D scene. The system provides several different tools for terrain manipulation. We provide a usability study on this system running on MULTI, comparing the laser pointer to the mouse, and the wall display to the tabletop. The factors compared include accuracy, speed, visibility, comfort and overall preference/ease of use. Our goal was to determine an optimal usage of MULTI's screens and input devices for the purpose of 3D surface deformation.


K. Miyazaki, S. Walker-Samuel, B. R. Knowles, N. J. Taylor, A. R. Padhani, T. Wallace, A. Tang, M. White, D. Hawkes, D. Atkinson, D. J. Collins, M. O. Leach, D. M. Koh CRUK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics, University College of London, London, United Kingdom Introduction: The liver has a unique dual vascular inflow derived from the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The relative contribution of the arterial versus portal inflow can be quantified by the hepatic perfusion index (HPI). Relative increase in arterial inflow results in elevated HPI, which was first observed in patients with liver metastases using radionuclide scintigraphy in the mid 1980s [1]. Since then, HPI measurements have been obtained by dynamic contrast enhanced CT [2,3,4], Doppler sonography [5] and more recently, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI [6]. HPI measurements using MRI can potentially overcome limitations posed by other imaging techniques, such as poor spatial resolution in radionuclide studies, lack of reproducibility in Doppler HPI and radiation exposure using CT. HPI information may be displayed as pixel-by-pixel parametric maps, allowing both visualisation and quantification of regional vascular perturbations. However, the potential utility of parametric HPI maps for lesion identification and for monitoring treatment response in patients with metastatic liver disease is not established. The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess parametric HPI maps obtained using DCE-MRI in a group of Phase I anti-cancer clinical trial patients with metastatic liver disease.


The paper presents the results of the parameters assessment of the lateral petals of the compressed signal at the inversion filter output under the conditions of uncertainty, caused by the presence of zero values in the signal spectrum when using the methods of correction and limiting the signal spectrum or frequency spectrum. Assessment of the lateral petals parameters was made according to the radio of the main peak energy to the energy of the lateral petals and the level of maximum lateral petal.


Trichosporon cutaneum is a soil yeast that utilizes a variety of aromatic compounds as sole carbon and energy sources. T. cutaneum is perhaps the best-characterized aromatic-degrading fungus from which further information about biodegradation can be obtained. In this thesis, the global effects on the T. cutaneum proteome associated with growth on phenol have been examined. In order to identify all the enzymes involved in the phenol degradation pathway and to find other proteins associated with the degradation process that are not part of the catabolic pathway, proteomic analysis combine high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry. The optimized sample preparation methods and experimental conditions provide a great advantage in quantitative analysis and potential high-throughout applications. Three mass spectrometry methods, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-QTOF-MS), nano-electrospray mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS/MS) and capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (CapLC-MS/MS), have been successfully applied to studying proteins of T. cutaneum strain ATCC 58094 differentially expressed in response to growth on phenol. Cross-species identification provides a powerful tool in protein identification with an unknown genome and was applied to the mass spectral data obtained. Except for phenol hydroxylase and cis, cis -muconate cyclase, the other identified 24 proteins were not previously known to be associated with phenol degradation in T. cutaneum


The utility model discloses a detachable wedding dress, which belongs to the field of garments. A main body is a barrel skirt; the detachable wedding dress further comprises three detachable parts which are respectively sleeves, an A-shaped skirt and a fishtail skirt tail, wherein the sleeves are arranged at armhole parting lines of the barrel skirt; the A-shaped skirt is arranged at a hem parting line of the barrel skirt; the fishtail skirt tail is arranged are the skirt connecting line of the barrel skirt; the armhole parting lines, the hem parting line and the joint are fixed with zippers, hooks, letter paste or studs so that the sleeves and the A-shaped skirt are fixed on the barrel skirt; and the fishtail skirt tail is fixed at the skirt connecting line of the connecting position of the A-shaped skirt and the barrel skirt. Each part of the wedding dress is easily dismounted so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the styles of the wedding dress; therefore, one suit of wedding dress can be dismounted into a plurality of suits so as to wear in more occasions; moreover, the wedding dress which can be only worn once is recycled and is collocated through a series of different clothing assembled accessories.


The following final report arises from my own experience during my formation as a teacher in the Master in Vocational Training Education within Chemical Processes. The feelings, adquired knowledge, and personal evolution during the actual formation as a professor are expressed in it. In order to think about it I have selected two of the main projects developped over these months , the Innovation Project carried out in the secondary school and the Teaching Unit designed for some of the courses. Thanks to the courses done I have become capable of innovate, programme, and evaluate all the teaching-learning proccess both on students and myself.


A at the decision of whether to apply a fungicide to any turf area is often difficult and based on economic considerations. Aside from cost, the primary determinants in using a fungicide are based on the prevailing environmental conditions, the susceptibility of the host species and cultivars present, and the pathogen(s) involved. Unique factors in turfgrass pathology include the intensity and nature of turfgrass cultivar, which greatly influence plant vigor and therefore the severity of diseases. Promoting vigorous grass growth through sound cultural practices is the first step in minimizing disease injury. Frequently, however, environmental stresses, traffic and poor management practices weaken plants, predisposing them to invasion by fungal pathogens. When disease symptoms appear, it is imperative that a rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disorder be made. The prudent manager also attempts to determine those environmental and cultural factors that have led to the development or contributed to the intensity of the disease. A common cause for extensive disease injury on golf course turf frequently can be related to improper management practices. Cultural practices that tend to exacerbate diseases include frequent and close mowing, excessive grooming during periods of environmental stress, light and frequent irrigation or excessive irrigation, and applications of inadequate or excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. The development of excessive thatch and/or mat layers, shade, poor air or water drainage, traffic, and soil compaction also contribute significantly to disease problems. Despite hard work and adherence to sound cultural practices, however, diseases may become a serious problem. This normally occurs when environmental conditions favor disease development, but not plant growth and vigor. For example, summer patch (.Magnaporthe poae) and brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) are most damaging when high summer temperatures stress plants and impair their growth and recuperative capacity. In this situation, fungicides may be recommended in conjunction with cultural practices that promote turf vigor. Fungicides may be applied preventively (i.e., before anticipated disease symptoms appear) or curatively (i.e., when disease symptoms first become evident). Preventive fungicide treatment is recommended for chronically damaging diseases. This is particularly true on golf course putting greens in regions where snow molds, Pythium blight (Pythium aphanidermatum), brown patch, summer patch, and anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) are common. Successful management of gray leaf spot (Pyricularia grísea) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) fairways in some regions of the United States also is best achieved with preventive sprays. Curative applications are more economically wise for less severe or chronically damaging diseases such as red thread (Laetisaria fuciformis), Helminthosporium leaf spots (Bipolaris spp. and Drechslera spp.), rusts (Puccinia spp.), and stripe smut (Ustilago striiformis). The key to a successful curative fungicide program is vigilant scouting. Contact fungicides are generally less expensive and provide good control. Contact fungicides, however, may only provide 7 to 14 days of control under conditions of high disease pressure. Penetrants applied preventively generally


COVID-19 has been associated with both transient and persistent systemic
symptoms that do not appear to be a direct consequence of viral
infection. The generation of autoantibodies has been proposed as a
mechanism to explain these symptoms. To understand this phenomenon in
more detail, we investigated the frequency and specificity of clinically
relevant autoantibodies in 84 individuals previously infected with
SARS-CoV-2, suffering from COVID-19 of varying severity in both the
acute and convalescent setting. These were compared with results from 32
individuals who were on ITU for non COVID reasons. We demonstrate a
higher frequency of autoantibodies in the COVID-19 ITU group compared
with non-COVID-19 ITU disease control patients and that autoantibodies
were also found in the serum 3-5 months post COVID-19 infection.
Non-COVID patients displayed a diverse pattern of autoantibodies; in
contrast, the COVID-19 groups had a more restricted panel of
autoantibodies including skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac antibodies.
Our results demonstrate that severe COVID-19 induces a pattern of
autoantibodies that may correlate with and contribute to the immune
pathology associated with the long-term sequelae of infection.


A device preventing abnormal movement of a lift cage, comprising a brake mechanism (1) installed on a crossbeam, a reset mechanism (2) provided on an end of the brake mechanism (1), and an electrical testing mechanism (3); the brake mechanism (1) comprises a casing (4); a U-shaped action jaw (5) is provided on one side of the casing (4); a T-shaped guide rail (10) is located in the U-shaped action jaw (5); an electromagnet (6) and a brake pad (7) are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the U-shaped action jaw (5); the brake pad (7) is installed on an end of the electromagnet (6), and extends out and retracts under the control of the electromagnet (6) to clamp and release the T-shaped guide rail (10); the electrical testing mechanism (3) comprises a magnetic strip (8) installed on the T-shaped guide rail (10) and a magnetic strip sensor (9) opposite to the magnetic strip (8); the magnetic strip sensor (9) is installed on the side of the casing (4) provided with the U-shaped action jaw (5). The device preventing abnormal movement of a lift cage employs a mechatronics design, and has the advantages of automatic testing, automatic identification, fast response and a short braking distance.


When a closed circuit television (CCTV) is used in conjunction with a perimeter intruder detection system (PIDS), performance can be improved by using an alarm verification aid (AVA). AVAs range from time-lapse video recorders through freeze frame capture units and small loop action replay systems to DIAMOND (Direct Image Assessment on Demand) type systems. The DIAMOND system presents a sequence of images immediately before and after an alarm to help the operator to decide the cause of the alarm. Earlier research has shown that operators are more likely to notice rapid movement in a scene than something moving slowly or the sudden appearance of a stationary object.<<ETX>>