In Today's world, public sector organizations increasingly concentrate on transformations of socio-economic & political and administrative structures through the application of e-governance to provide efficient, convenient and affordable services and information to the citizens, business-entities and for public organizations. Developing and developed nations around the world have attained significant improvement in application of e-governance and making e-services easily available and accessible and as well as to provide information and knowledge about entire government operations to their citizens. In recognition of importance of e-governance, the government of Afghanistan initiated the development and implementation of a comprehensive e-governance strategy to improve the working condition of public administration. Several Studies have shown that the implementation of good governance, economic growth, socialprogress strongly rely on e-governance initiatives. E-governance provides many opportunities to improve the higher quality service to the citizen. Citizens should be able to get service or information in seven days of the week. The paper relies on the primary and secondary sources of data. The secondary data was extracted from books, journals and websites and primary data was collected through distribution of structural questionnaires. The total sample size was 50 respondents. The overall object of this paper is to investigate challenges and opportunities in implementing e-governance and as well as to identify what means and practice will really help the present administration to promote e-governance in the context of Afghanistan? As a matter of fact, the current study concludes that there is no sufficient evidence of e-governance in comparison other countries in Afghanistan and that in actual practices, the bad governance is the order of the day. All in all, e-governance must be embraced in Afghanistan through political, administrative and economic reforms and by adopting the time-tested based on experiences of egovernance initiatives in other countries.


Studies on heat transfer fuel rods are of great importance in the nuclear industry . This is evidenced by the need for prediction of temperature limits to optimize the design of fuel rods . This work aims to develop a computer code in FORTRAN language, in which are gathered tools such as Finite Element Method . Equations and thermo- hydraulic correlations were implemented in the code with a view to a thorough investigation of heat transfer between the fuel rod and coolant channel , seeking thereby to understand the behavior of both in transient ( eg , in cases of accident ) . An analysis of the validity of the approach that disregards the axial heat flow in the analytical solutions was taken . Comparisons between solutions using constant properties and temperature dependent properties manner contemplated in this work . Transient studies involving the reactor shutdown , considering aspects such as limit the fuel temperature and Departure from nucleate Boiling Ratio ( BnBr ) , were performed yielding results that can demonstrate the performance of the computer code


The quantitative analysis of differential algebraic equations and Matlab's graphing capabilities are used in this study to analyze travelling wave solutions in MHD, integrate through singular pseudo-equilibrium points, and compute solutions of the singularity induced bifurcation phenomenon. Dissipative parameters such as resistivity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity are considered through a series of numerical examples.


implants 2_2016 08 I This article qualifies for C.E. credit. To take the C.E. quiz, log on to www.dtstudyclub. com. Click on 'C.E. articles' and search for the edition this article first appeared in (Implants C.E. Magazine — 2/2016). If you are not registered with the site, you will be asked to do so before taking the quiz. You may also access the quiz by using the QR code below. _c.e. credit part II _When a patient presents with an edentulous arch or terminal dentition, implant treatment can be provided that improves not only form and function but also quality of life. For patients desiring better chewing capability, stability, esthetics and comfort than a traditional denture can offer, both removable and fixed implant restorations are superior alternatives.1 While the appropriate implant solution can vary depending on the patient's oral health, anatomy, quality and quantity of bone, and financial resources, full-arch prosthetics have progressed to the point where virtually every patient can be restored. Although fixed, implant-supported restorations offer the highest levels of stability, function and patient satisfaction, removable overdentures are a dramatic improvement over conventional complete dentures as well.2 Both treatment options effectively mitigate the bone resorption that occurs following the loss of teeth, helping to preserve the oral and facial structures and, by extension, the self-confidence of the fully edentulous patient. Determining which solution is appropriate requires a careful evaluation of the individual patient's circumstances and desires. Even when an implant overdenture is delivered, the prosthesis can eventually be converted to a fixed restoration. As evidenced by the case that follows, in which one arch is restored with an implant overdenture and the other with a BruxZir® Full-Arch Implant Prosthesis, practitioners today have a great deal of clinical flexibility. Whatever prosthetic approach is adopted, immediate, life-changing relief can be provided to patients suffering from terminal dentition or an uncomfortable, poorly functioning traditional denture. Further, the dramatic overhaul of this patient's oral health demonstrates the life-changing capabilities of implant therapy, which helped him overcome severe functional and esthetic challenges that were impacting practically every facet of his life prior to treatment.


Main function of car is to move from one place to another place. we find that every member of the family have their own vehicle. Car provide us lot of benefits like protect us from sun heat in summer and from rain in monsoon. travelling is inevitable part of person's life Car is the most common thing in today's world . Having a car is the status in the society but Having a costly car is a royal status in the society, with increase in number of vehicle people have to face traffic problems like parking, taking reverse etc. So here we have "DESIGNED A 360 DEGREE ROTATING CAR" for these above mentioned purposes. These problems can be efficiently reduce and eliminated by the use of this application we use. It operates in a clockwise and anticlockwise direction A primary objective of the present invention is to provide a simple, stable, easy control, smaller space needed and a more concise movement of car To better understand the present invention, detailed descriptions shall be given with the accompany drawings.


The objective of this study is to develop assignment model for making practice report in the form of video by smartphone where students act as reporter (ViReS assignment model). This assignment model is implemented and able to enhance students' confidence and competence in vocational subjects. The research method used is Research and Development (RnD) with the model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The product from this research is syntax model with ViReS assignment model. The research result shows that ViReS assignment model can be applied as assignment model in the practical learning. Students' self-confidence increases after the implementation from a less appropriate category to a fairly appropriate category. Student competencies increase after the implementation of the "appropriate enough" category to be "appropriate" category. Students give good respond to this assignment method.


Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are composed of a mix of fixed and mobile nodes interconnected via wireless links to form a multihop ad hoc network. They contain three types of network devices: Mesh Routers (MRs), Mesh Access Points (MAPs) and Mesh Clients (MCs). The functionality of both the MRs and the MAPs is twofold: they act as classical access points towards the MCs, whereas they have the capability to set up a Wireless Distribution System (WDS) by connecting to other mesh routers or access points through point to point wireless links. Both MRs and MAPs are often fixed and electrically powered devices. Furthermore, the MAPs are geared with some kind of broadband wired connectivity (ADSL, fiber, etc . . . ) and act as gateways toward the wired backbone. The structure of a WMN is illustrated in Figure 1.


Corrosion inhibition effect of cationic surfactant DTAB (Dodecyl Threemethyl Ammonium Bromide) on low carbon steel in 1M HCl was studied using weight loss and OCP (Open Circuit Potential) methods. Inhibition efficiency increases with increasing of surfactant concentration. Also synergistic effect between surfactant and different alkaline metals salts (KCl, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, LiCl, Na2SO4, and NaNO3) in 1 M HCl is investigated. The effect of different anions and different metal cations on inhibition efficiency is discussed. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing of salts concentration and reaches the maximum value near 0.1 M. The results show that the synergistic effects of salts are in this order Na2SO4 >NaI > LiCl > NaCl > KCl > NaBr > NaNO3. This inhibitor system containing cationic surfactant and an alkaline metal salt is efficient and low-cast for steel corrosion inhibition in HCl medium, even when the concentration of DTAB is as low as 0.5 × 10 -4 M.


The invention discloses a road base reinforcing high-polymer loading and grouting method. Aiming at semi-rigid road surface with an incompact base, and flexible base road surface, additional load is applied to the road surface by a loading device, an expansive force of the reacted high-polymer material is prevented from supporting the road surface; and by injecting the high-polymer material into the base, the volume of the reacted material rapidly expands, and the incompact base is solidified so as to fulfill the aim of reinforcing the base. The method has the characteristics of good treatment effect, rapid construction, no curing need, high pertinence, high controllability, fund conservation and the like; and compared with the conventional maintenance method, the method is obviously innovative in technical principle, construction method and other aspects. The unique road base reinforcing method can save a lot of funds and construction period, avoids bad social impact due to long-term traffic closure, and contributes to protecting environment and saving resources.


Aims and methods  The aim of this prospective study was to compare the diagnostic value of [18F]FDOPA‐PET and [111In]pentetreotide‐SPECT somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in patients with nonmetastatic extra‐adrenal paragangliomas (PGLs). Twenty‐five consecutive unrelated patients who were known or suspected of having nonmetastatic extra‐adrenal PGLs were prospectively evaluated with SRS and [18F]FDOPA‐PET. 131I‐MIBG and [18F]FDG‐PET were added to the work‐up in patients with a personal or familial history of PGL, predisposing mutations, abdominal PGLs, metanephrine hypersecretion and abdominal foci on SRS and/or [18F]FDOPA‐PET.


The study of sports injuries is a crucial and captivating topic that requires thorough exploration. Understanding and effectively managing sports injuries is essential for coaches, instructors, and athletes. However, there is limited awareness among sports practitioners, particularly regarding flat foot conditions. Therefore, this research aims to identify common injuries among athletes with flat feet through a comprehensive survey. Employing a quantitative descriptive method with a survey-based approach. This study included a sample of 89 male athletes who sought treatment for sports-related injuries at massage clinics. Data collection techniques encompassed observations, interviews, questionnaires, and measurement tests. Purposive sampling was utilised for participant selection. Wet footprint tests, stature metres, weight scales, and questionnaires were employed for data collection. Data analysis employed the percentage formula and was supported by Excel software. The findings indicated that athletes with flat feet were more susceptible to knee injuries (69%), ankle injuries (31%), external causes of injury (22%), internal causes of injury (52%), and overuse injuries (26%). These results imply that athletes with flat feet who seek treatment at massage clinics commonly experience knee and ankle injuries, with internal trauma being the leading cause. This study contributes to a better understanding of injury identification among individuals with flat feet, aiding in the selection of appropriate sports activities. Limitations of this study include a single research site, an uneven distribution of sports disciplines, and a male-only sample. Future research should employ more comprehensive methods and ensure representative samples across various sports to facilitate proper generalisation of the data.


The infrared flee-electron laser (IR-FEL) proposed by LBL as part of the Combustion Dynamics Research Laboratory (CDRL) consists of a multiple-pass accelerator with superconducting cavities supplying a 55 MeV 12 mA beam to an undulator within a 24-meter optical cavity. Future options include deceleration through the same cavities for energy recovery and reducing the power in the beam dump. The electron transport system from the injector through the cavities and undulator must satisfy conditions of high order achromaticity, isochronicity, unity first-order transport matrix around the recirculation loop, variable betatron match into the undulator, ease of operation and economical implementation. This paper presents a workable solution that satisfies these requirements.


With the ever-growing quality of observational data in astronomy, the complexity of astrophysical models has been increasing in turn. This trend raises the question: Are there still reasons to prefer simpler models if the final goal is an actual model-target comparison? I argue for two aspects in which astrophysical research may favor models having reduced complexity: first, to address the problem of determining the values of adjustable parameters and, second, to pave the way for a validation of the model based on the modeler's understanding of the scope of the model and the critical processes on the target's side.


Fastenings are becoming increasingly important in modern building practice. A wide range of products cover for the great flexibility that they provide in a large variety of applications. In order to ensure the safe and economical use of the fastenings, a combined effort of manufacturing firms, practicing engineers and constructors, research organizations, and public authorities has led to the establishment of interrelated design standards, application guidance, and product approvals. It is however evident that failures, in fact even small defects, of fastenings can lead to disproportionate catastrophic events. In addition to these state-of-the-art documents, which reflect the most precise knowledge possible, a management of possible residual risks and hence causes of failure is also indispensable. Due to the great range of fastening systems with different dimensioning and assembly guidelines, load-bearing behaviour and areas of application, and the overall complexity of the subject, a coherent risk management procedure against structural risks can be very helpful in this respect. This article deals with the technical and load-bearing related risks of fastening technology in construction. The objective of the paper is to introduce fundamental concepts and significant risks met in the fastenings design specification and installation. Moreover, it provides a rating of the identified risks and it transfers recommendations for risk mitigation, based on semi-structured interviews with expert professionals who are active in the field. The results are accumulated in a dedicated risk register as a standard tool of the risk management process in civil engineering, which is the first of its kind in current scientific literature. The aim is to assist future practice and research by providing a basis for risk management considerations for fastenings, which moreover reflects actual risks indicated in the outcome of an industry survey.


A simple synthetic method for preparing stable colloidal dispersions that form polymeric films containing fluorinated acrylates is presented. The simultaneous presence of the dual tail anionic fluorosurfactant phosphoric acid bis(tridecafluorooctyl) ester ammonium salt (FSP) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants facilitates a suitable environment for the aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate/heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate (MMA/nBA/FMA) colloidal particles. Polyermerization is achieved by a low-sheer monomer-starved emulsion polymerization process in which the FSP/SDS surfactant mixture significantly reduces the surface tension of the aqueous phase, thus facilitating mobility and subsequent polymerization of FMA along with MMA and nBA momomers. Using this approach, it is possible to obtain stable nonspherical MMA/nBA/FMA colloidal dispersions containing up to a 8.5% (w/w) copolymer content of FMA. These studies illustrate that the incorporation of FMA into MMA/nBA particl...


Differential matrix models provide an elementary blueprint for the adequate and efficient treatment of many important applications in science and engineering. In the present work, we suggest a procedure, extending our previous research results, to represent the solutions of nonlinear matrix differential problems of fourth order given in the form Y(4)(x)=f(x,Y(x)) in terms of higher-order matrix splines. The corresponding algorithm is explained, and some numerical examples for the illustration of the method are included.


Graduate designers inevitably face tremendous challenges in adjusting to society when entering the workforce. Visual designers frequently experience difficulties, particularly in the brand development process, when working with strategists and clients, often as a result of gaps in linguistic and cognitive understanding. In response to these issues, this paper aims to propose a module guideline for teach branding theories, which can be integrated into visual identity design modules from an interdisciplinary perspective. To develop the new guideline with an objective standard and prove its validity a number of branding, pedagogy, and design theories are reviewed, accompanied by an analysis of existing identity design modules from three countries and the opinions and suggestions of four stakeholder groups. The final guideline proposes suitable branding theories, integrated into a course of instruction appropriate to the identity design development process, and is intended to help students better develop strategic designs and provide educators with a guide for their classes on identity design development.


: We (cid:12)nd the N -soliton solution at in(cid:12)nite θ , as well as the metric on the moduli space corresponding to spatial displacements of the solitons. We use a perturbative expansion to incorporate the leading θ − 1 corrections, and (cid:12)nd an e(cid:11)ective short range attraction between solitons. We study the stability of various solutions. We discuss the (cid:12)nite θ corrections to scattering, and (cid:12)nd metastable orbits. Upon quantization of the two-soliton moduli space, for any (cid:12)nite θ , we (cid:12)nd an s -wave bound state.


epidural space. Thus, we developed an alternate technique to overcome this limitation using electrocardiography (ECG) to guide epidural catheter tips from the caudal space to the thoracic region (11). Initially, a standard ECG (lead II) is recorded by connecting the right-arm electrode to a skin electrode on the patient's back at the target spinal level, while the left-arm electrode and left-leg electrode are placed at their standard positions. The shape of this initial ECG must be remembered or a hard copy must be taken as a reference for later. Next, the right-arm electrode is connected to the metal hub of the ECG adapter to record a tracing from the epidural catheter. A satisfactory tracing (lead II) is obtained when the epidural catheter is filled with saline allowing the catheter tip to become a unipolar ECG electrode. The catheter is then advanced from the caudal space until the tip reaches the target level as demonstrated by a match between its ECG configuration and the initial surface ECG. This technique is easy to perform and enabled optimal epidural catheter positioning. Ban Tsui M S C M D F R C P ( C ) Director of Clinical Research Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Alberta Hospital Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2B7 (email: firstname.lastname@example.com)


ABSlXACT This paper presents experimental results comparing two different designs for a spoken language interface to entail. We compare a mixed-initiative dialogue style, in which users can flexibly control the dialogue, to a systemiuitiative dialogue style, in which the system controls the dialogue. Our results show that even though the mixedinitiative system is more eflicient, as measured by number of turns, or elapsed time to complete a set of email tasks, users prefer the system-initiative interface. We posit that these preferences arise from the fact that the system initiative inter&e is easier to learn and more predictable.


We investigate conducting properties in the basal abplane before and after a long time exposure in air atmosphere of optimally oxygen doped YBa2Cu3O7-δ single crystals. Prolonged exposure leads to an increase of the effective scattering centers of the normal carriers. The excess conductivity in a wide temperature range has exponential temperature dependence and near the critical temperature is well described within the AslamazovLarkin theoretical model. The prolonged exposure increases to a great extent the temperature range of the implementation of the pseudogap state, narrowing the linear section of the temperature dependence of the resistivity in the ab-plane, ρab(T).


With the tremendous increase in the photovoltaic (PV) power plants world-wide remarkable decreases in their installation prices per watt are attained mainly due to economic scale effect. This brings questioning to increase their energy yields by considering any possible way like fabricating bifacial solar modules. Present study is on the performance analysis of a bifacial PV module using one-year outdoor testing results in Ankara-Turkey. The module performed very well and reached a specific yield value of 1750 kWh/kWp. This value for Central Anatolia region is well above the values predicted (and suggested) by the local authorities. The efficiency and performance ratio variation with respect to ambient and module temperature are obtained. The calculated dependence of efficiency on the module temperature is found to be $\eta=-0.073T_{mod}+18.05$, and the maximum measured module temperature is about 70 °C. The results show that the bifacial modules have the potential to replace the mono facial modules that are now dominating the PV market.


This paper investigates the processes and spatial patterns of the turbulent flow around a naturally formed in situ pebble cluster and the interactions with large‐scale coherent flow structures. Instantaneous high‐frequency velocities were measured using the simultaneous deployment of four acoustic Doppler velocimeters, with the pebble cluster and after the cluster was removed. Results indicate a twofold increase in turbulent kinetic energy over the sampling area when the pebble cluster is present. Individual vertical component velocity spectra in the wake of the pebble cluster contain a marked peak which decreases in frequency from 1.8 Hz near the cluster to 1.0 Hz farther downstream. This peak is associated with eddies shedding from the shear layer in the lee of the cluster, and it agrees well with the values estimated using a Strouhal number of 0.18. Space‐time correlations indicate the presence of coherent depth‐scale macroturbulent flow structures. These structures in the intermediate flow region are relatively unaffected by eddies shedding from the pebble cluster. The results suggest the effects of the pebble cluster on the surrounding flow dynamics are quite localized and limited to the near‐bed region.


The effect of boiling and autoclaving on the levels of some antinutritional factors (trypsin inhibitor, phytate, heamagglutinin, hydrogen cyanide, tannins, stachyose and raffinose) were investigated. The results showed that boiling for 90 min reduced trypsin inhibitor activity by 90.92%; phytate by 70.70%; heamagglutinin 79.02%; hydrogen cyanide 47.58%; tannins, 79.41%; stachyose by 67.80% and raffinose by 70.00%. Autoclaving at 45 min optimally achieved the detoxification of the antinutritional factors as follows; trypsin inhibitor 100%, haemagglutinin 78.45%, phytate 91.04% tannins 70.98%, hydrogen cyanide 16.74% stachyose 84.75% and raffinose 83.30%. The two processing methods, boiling and autoclaving have shown to be very effective in detoxifying the antinutritional factors in Mucuna sloanie . Keywords : autoclaving, boiling, antinutritional factors, Mucuna sloanie Nigerian Food Journal Vol. 23 2005: 53-58


In the realization of panoramic view,the annular imaging system using the flat cylinder perspective is easier to restore panoramic images compared with the ordinary ones designed by the center point perspective because of the merit of low distortion at large angle of view.The mapping relation of the annular images,generated by the annular imaging systems,and the rectangular images was investigated,and the resolution angles on the meridian and sagittal directions on the image plane were discussed.It is concluded that the resolution angles of the system at the sagittal and tangential planes are equal when the super-hemisphere annular imaging system taking photo at the 90° angle of view into a circle image.That circle image can be used as a standard to calculate the height and width of the restored image.There are two steps during the restoration period: the first is to transform the annular image back into a cylinder in three-dimensional space,and the second is to spread out the curved plane into a flat one.The Keys before the restoration are to identify the circle image of the 90° angle of view and the center of the annular image.The cubic spline interpolation method was applied in the image restoration as it is the best interpolation method approaching the sinc function.


The option pricing model can predict the future trend of the financial market. In order to more accurately describe the changing process of the financial market, the Hurst index which can describe the characteristics of long-term memory is introduced into the traditional Heston model. Under the assumption that the underlying asset price follows fractional Brownian motion, the fractional stochastic volatility pricing of European option pricing model (Hurst-Heston model) is constructed, and the closed solution of the model is obtained according to the partial differential equation satisfied by the model. By analyzing the relationship between Hurst index and asset price, it is found that the movement process of asset price under the hypothesis of this model is more consistent with the real market change law, which verifies the rationality of the model. In the process of empirical analysis of SSE 50ETF put option data, Self-adaptive Differential Evolution algorithm is used to estimate parameters. The results showed that the error of Hurst-Heston model is smaller than other models, and the prediction error for consecutive trading days is similar. It showed that the pricing results of Hurst-Heston model are more accurate and stable.


An experiment was conducted to compare the predation efficiency of the coccinellids Harmonia axyridis and Coleomegilla maculata on potato plants, Solanum tuberosum, and on a wild aphid-resistant species, Solanum tarijense. Harmonia axyridis females reduced aphid populations more than C. maculata females. Aphid predation by the predators was reduced on S. tarijense compared to S. tuberosum. Coleomegilla maculata spent less time on S. tarijense than on S. tuberosum. Harmonia axyridis spent the same amount of time on both plant species. The plant species did not affect IGP between larvae. Compared to S. tuberosum, the resistant plant offers M. persicae an enemy-free space against both coccinellid predators.


We present a case of pituitary ganglioneuroma occurring in a 25 year old woman who presented with headache and hemianopsia. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of this tumor support the view that these rare hypothalamic-pituitary tumors are independently functioning neurohormonal units. Immunostaining is strongly positive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in all tumor cells and cell processes and for synaptophysin in a few cells and fibers. Few cells closely associated with tumor cells are positive for S100 protein. The cell processes are positive for neurofilament antigen. Ultrastructural analysis documents a spectacular neoplasm of neural derivation. The tumor consists of ganglion cells and areas of neuropil. The most typical tumor cells have relatively lucent spherical nucleus with large nucleolus, and abundant cytoplasm harbors compact sacks of RER membranes studded with ribosomes. Particular emphasis is given to the ultrastructural features which strongly support the functional relationship between the tumor components. It should be kept in mind that unusual and rare ganglionic tumors might show a progressive clinical course and needs surgical intervention as the major part of their treatment whereas ontogenetic and pathogenetic mechanisms taking part still need more work to enlighten pituitary neuronal tumorigenesis.


Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC) in the atmosphere can greatly
influence aerosol's radiative forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) because
it has the non-negligible capacity of light absorption compared to black
carbon (BC); however, our understanding of optical properties, sources,
and atmospheric processes of BrC in this region remains limited. In this study,
a multiple-wavelength Aethalometer coupled with a quadrupole aerosol
chemical speciation monitor was deployed to investigate the highly time
resolved BrC in the submicron aerosol at the southeastern edge of the TP
during the pre-monsoon season. The results showed that BrC made
substantial contributions (20.0 %–40.2 %) to the light absorption of
submicron aerosol from 370 to 660 nm. Organic aerosol (OA), an alternative
to BrC, was split into a biomass burning OA (BBOA) with aging processes and a
photochemical-oxidation-processed oxygenated OA (po-OOA) by a hybrid
environmental receptor model analysis. Combined with the light absorption
coefficient of BrC (babs-BrC), the source-specific mass absorption cross
sections of BBOA (0.61–2.78 m2 g−1) and po-OOA (0.30–1.43 m2 g−1) at 370–660 nm were retrieved. On average,
babs-BrC from po-OOA (1.3–6.0 Mm−1) was comparable to that from
BBOA (1.3–6.0 Mm−1) at all wavelengths. The concentration-weighted
trajectory analysis showed that the most important potential source regions
for babs-BrC values from BBOA and po-OOA were located in northern
Myanmar and along the China–Myanmar border, indicating the cross-border
transport of BrC from Southeast Asia. A "simple forcing efficiency"
evaluation further illustrated the importance of the BrC radiative effect with
the high fractional radiative forcing by two OAs relative to BC (48.8 ± 15.5 %). This study highlights a significant influence of BrC of
biomass burning origin and secondary formation on climate change over the TP
region during the pre-monsoon season.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the authors' predictions 1) that hopelessness would positively correlate with suicidal ideation and that impulsivity (either transient urges to self-harm or impulsive acting out) would positively correlate with suicidal behavior, and 2) that the recent or long-standing nature of the traits will have corresponding effects on reported histories of suicidal ideation and behavior.

DESIGN
Questionnaire validation trial in which each subject received every measure in counterbalanced fashion.

SETTING
Inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings associated with a medium-sized medical school in the southeastern United States.

PARTICIPANTS
Forty-five subjects presenting with varying levels of suicidal ideation and behavior completed measures providing information about their histories of suicidal ideation and behavior, recent feelings of hopelessness, feelings of general hopelessness, recent feelings of difficulty controlling urges to self-harm, and feeling about general levels of impulsivity.

MEASUREMENTS
The InterSePT Scale for Suicidal Thinking-Plus, the Sheehan-Suicidality Tracking Scale, the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and six additional questions to assess hopelessness and impulsivity.

RESULTS
Recent and trait hopelessness correlated positively with suicidal ideation. Patients who reported any suicide attempt endorsed higher levels of general impulsivity than those who did not report a history of at least one suicide attempt. Those enrolled in the study secondary to a very recent suicide attempt reported more difficulties with recent suicidal impulses.

CONCLUSION
Simple measures of hopelessness and impulsivity are associated with suicidal ideation and attempts and may add to determination of suicide risk.


With the increase in demand for low power memory, this is achieved by reducing the leakage currents. Power dissipation mainly occurs due to leakage currents of different forms such as Sub threshold & Gate leakage etc. and need to reduce these currents. This work mainly aims at design of low power 7T SRAM Cell by employing Improved Self Controllable Voltage Level (I-SVL) circuits. Simulation results show that there is enormous leakage current reduction in Improved Self Voltage Level method than Upper Lower-SVL 7T (UL-SVL) & Basic 7T SRAM Cell. I-SVL method resulted in 60% reduction of leakage current compared with UL-SVL SRAM 7T Cell and 68% reduction in comparison with Basic 7T SRAM cell. The entire Simulation is carried on 180nm CMOS technology, in Virtuoso platform of Cadence tool with a supply voltage of 0.7V.


A widely distributed religious legend maintains that Ezra the scribe rewrote the Hebrew Bible sometime during the post-exilic period. The story is interpreted differently among its varying iterations. Some accounts view Ezra's recovery of the Scriptures as an act of divine wonder while other versions insist that Ezra's hand distorted the biblical text. Both outlooks are present in medieval Islamic writings. This article considers the polemical approach of three Muslim authors (e.g., al-Ṭabarī, al-Thaʿlabī, and Ibn Ḥazm) and their portraits of Ezra, including his role that led to a purported compromise of Jewish monotheism. The article explores Ibn Ḥazm's claim that Ezra the scribe corrupted the biblical text. Several sources are examined (e.g., 4 Ezra, Porphyry, Justin Martyr, a Samaritan liturgical imprecation, and diverse rabbinic traditions) as plausible support for the charge that Ezra corrupted the Scriptures. A tale from Avot d'Rabbi Natan that features Ezra's alleged scribal dots is posited as a reasonable source for the comment. Given Ibn Ḥazm's interpretive outlook and Ezra's prominent role in the story, the dots offer a new and sensible explanation.


The present invention discloses a light device and a fabrication method thereof. An object of the present invention is to provide the light device and the fabrication method thereof an electric/thermal/structural stability is obtained, and a P-type electrode and an N-type electrode can be simultaneously formed. In order to achieve the above object, the inventive light device includes: a GaN-based layer; a high concentration GaN-based layer formed on the GaN-based layer; a first metal-Ga compound layer formed on the high concentration GaN-based layer; a first metal layer formed on the first metal-Ga compound layer; a third metal-Al compound layer formed on the first metal layer; and a conductive oxidation preventive layer formed on the third metal-Al compound layer.


Because aplastic anemia is shortage in the function of kidney and spleen,combined therapy of chinese and western medicine on aplastic anemia,and offset the shortage from kidney and spleen which is basis on chinese medicine by using dialectical method is the main treatment at present.In the clinical treatment,using the methods in the basis of Promoting Blood circulation by removing blood Stasis and offset the shortage from kidney and spleen,and combined therapy of Western medicine have a good clinical curative effect.


BIM technology contains data from the life cycle of buildings through 3D modelling. One building produces a huge file because of the massive amount of data. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), which is the representative standard, has some serious issues about data processing of large-scale data based on geometry and property data of objects. It increases the rendering speed and constitutes much of a graphics card, so large-scale BIM data is inefficient to the user for screen visualization. The light weighting has to resolve processing and quality of the program essentially. This study has been researched and confirmed with regard to light weight techniques from domestic and overseas research. Based on this research, to control and visualize large data effectively, we proposed and verified the algorithm which is able to optimize the BIM character. The general aim of this paper is to propose and verify the light weight algorithm making the best use of property of BIM to control and visualize the large-scale BIM data effectively.


In the process of language learning, acquisition of verbs and their particles requires a certain level of mental capability. Acquiring the particles of verbs, such as argument structure and theta role (see below), require both developmental and cognitive efficiency. The use of syntax (order of words in a sentence) and psycholinguistics play an important role in examining argument structure and theta role, as well as the developmental process.


According to the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, the health status of children and adolescents in the Russian Federation is characterized by the following indicators: more than half of school-age children have impaired health; two-thirds of children under 14 have chronic diseases; only 10-15 percent of graduates of general education institutions can be classified as healthy. In recent decades, with the development of nutrigenomics, the world community of scientists has come to understand the importance of the role of the microbiota in the human body and its relation with nutrition. Normal intestinal microbiota is involved in a variety of physiological functions of the body of school-age children: protective, digestive, detoxifying and anticarcinogenic, synthetic, genetic, immunogenic, metabolic, and others. Probiotic bacteria are one of the functional ingredients that have proven to have a positive effect on children's bodies. Methods of normoflora correction are proposed, aimed not only at restoring evolutionarily conditioned microbial populations, but also providing an effective impact on the individual organism.


Cocaine addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder whereby cocaine craving in response to drug related cues persists, and even intensifies through protracted drug‐free abstinence periods. Studies employing animal models observe cocaine‐seeking patterns that are similar to human addicts. Additionally, there are long term changes in neuron structure, receptor function, and neurotransmission associated with abstinence from cocaine in humans and animals. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification to the DNA structure that mediates mRNA expression to confer different cell types, but has recently been implicated in learning and memory mechanisms. The long‐term control that DNA methylation has over gene expression in animals makes it a prime candidate for controlling gene expression over the course of abstinence in animals with previous drug experience. To test this, I trained rats to self‐administer either saline (1 h per day) or cocaine (6 h per day) for 15 days, then exposed them to 60 days of forced abstinence. After abstinence half of the rats were put back in self‐administration chambers and re‐exposed to cues for 2 h, while the other half were left in their home cages. After the cue manipulation, all rats were sacrificed, the dmPFC was dissected out, and DNA and mRNA were extracted. Methylated DNA was purified using methylated DNA immuno‐precipitation, and mRNA was reverse‐transcribed into cDNA; levels of each were then quantified via digital PCR procedures. Interestingly, I observed cue‐induced changes in DNA methylation within Homer2, Dlg4, Npas4, and Grin1 promoter regions. These context‐specific changes indicate that DNA methylation is much more dynamic than previously shown. Additionally, I saw changes in mRNA expression for Homer2, Dlg4, and Npas4 that appear to be highly reflective of the changes in DNA methylation. These results indicate re‐exposure to cocaine cues induce gene‐specific mRNA expression via rapid changes in DNA methylation.


This research looks into the main DNA markers and the limits of their application in molecular phylogenetic analysis. Melatonin 1B (MTNR1B) receptor genes were analyzed from various biological sources. Based on the coding sequences of this gene, using the class Mammalia as example, phylogenetic reconstructions were made to study the potential of mtnr1b as a DNA marker for phylogenetic relationships investigating. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using NJ, ME and ML methods that establish the evolutionary relationships between different groups of mammals. The resulting topologies were generally in good agreement with topologies established on the basis of morphological and archaeological data as well as with other molecular markers. The present divergences provided a unique opportunity for evolutionary analysis. These results suggest that the coding sequence of the MTNR1B gene can be used as a marker to study the relationships of lower evolutionary levels (order, species) as well as to resolve deeper branches of the phylogenetic tree at the infraclass level.


Most human factors design problems involve large data spaces with so many factors that a single experiment investigating all of these factors simultaneously is unreasonable. The design of a computer-based telephone inquiry system is presented as an example interface which required consideration of over 100 independent variables which could affect end-user performance. An integrated research paradigm involving the three major steps of selecting, describing, and optimizing these independent variables is presented. Specific methods and design implications are described for each of these steps. This overall strategy for sequential experimentation is discussed in terms of its usefulness in human factors design applications.


Myocardial revascularisation in the form of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are the two important treatment strategies in combating ischaemic heart disease. There have been tremendous improvements in many aspects of these revascularisation methods over the years. However both these forms of revascularisation can have a deleterious effect on the myocardium while its vascularity is re-established. This revascularisation induced myocardial injury is one of the prognostically important deleterious effects. Consequently, many therapeutic strategies are being studied which can cardioprotect and reduce peri-operative myocardial injury during CABG and peri-procedural myocardial injury during PCI. We evaluate Remote ischaemic preconditioning, a cardioprotective strategy, for its effect on myocardial revascularisation methods of PCI and CABG. In the PCI settings, the beneficial effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning in patients undergoing elective PCI has now been established. However its role in patients admitted with Non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSEACS) and undergoing urgent PCI is still unknown. This group of patients particularly has increased peri-procedural myocardial injury due to their soft coronary plaque and thrombi. In the CABG settings, remote preconditioning has been shown reduce perioperative myocardial injury in non diabetic patients. There are no clinical studies looking at the beneficial effect of remote preconditioning in diabetic cohort of patients undergoing CABG. In animal models, diabetic myocardium is known to possess higher threshold for preconditioning, albeit still possible to precondition. As diabetic patients, are more vulnerable for myocardial injury during CABG and also tolerate the injury relatively poorly compared to their non diabetic counterparts, it is important to explore for cardioprotective strategies to be applied to this high risk diabetic population. The two clinical studies in this thesis evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning in a) reducing peri-procedural myocardial injury in patients with NSTEACS undergoing urgent percutaneous intervention and b) reducing peri-operative myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.


We applied poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) homopolymer, in stead of PET copolymer, topowder coating on galvanized steel. Despite the concern over internal stress originated from its rigid molecular structure, pin-holefr ee thick PET overcoating was formed with good adhesion to the substrate. This coating coupled with the sacrificial c o rrosion of zinc undercoating provided an excellent corrosion protection capability against salt-water spray (60 0 0 h) and seaside weathering (5 years) tests. The coating had enough strength to withstand scratches and impacts t h a t can be inflicted uring the constructi on and use. These properties are equivalent to those of the PET cop o ly m e r coating, which as been successfully used for outdoor telecommunications plants over 15 years. The introduction of PET homopolymer r duces the cost for raw material, and recycled PET can be em pl o y e d. Key word: powder coating, PET, corrosion prevention, recycle, dur a bi li t y.


n 2012 the Trust decided to launch an impartiality review of the breadth of opinion reflected in BBC output.

The Trust commissioned Stuart Prebble, a programme maker, author and former CEO of ITV, to lead the review. The review examined content on BBC national TV and radio, online content and looked at three subjects in particular as part of its review of breadth of opinion: content about religion and ethics, the UK's relationship to the EU and immigration.

As well as the authored report by Stuart Prebble, the review also included content analysis and audience research. The review below includes the Trust conclusions, Stuart Prebble's report and the Executive response. The content analysis and audience research, as well as a list of individuals and organisations consulted during this review, are provided separately.


Many computer vision applications require synchronization between image acquisition and external trigger events. Hardware and software triggering are widely used but have several limitations. Soft synchronization is investigated, which operates by time tagging both trigger events and images in a video stream and selecting the image corresponding to each trigger event. A stochastic model is developed for soft synchronization; and, based on the model, the uncertainty interval and confidence for correct image selection are determined, and an efficient calibration method is derived. Soft synchronization is experimentally demonstrated on a Linux image processing computer with a camera connected by the IEEE-1394 serial bus. To minimize timing variability, time tags are associated with images and events in the corresponding interrupt service routines within the operating system of the image processing computer. The model-based analysis applied to the experimental hardware shows that image/event synchronization within inter-frame interval can be achieved with 99% confidence. Experiments confirm this result.


This article presents a computationally efficient and straightforward to implement a posteriori error estimator for second‐order G/XFEM and FEM approximations. The formulation is based on the recently proposed block‐diagonal Zienkiewicz–Zhu (ZZ‐BD) a posteriori error estimator. The focus is on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) problems but the proposed error estimator formulation is general and can be adapted to other types of problems such as those involving material interfaces. The proposed ZZ‐BD error estimator is based on a new strategy to recover stress fields from second‐order G/XFEM and FEM approximations. This recovery procedure involves locally weighted L2$$ {L}^2 $$ projections of raw stresses on an approximation space for discontinuous and singular stress fields. The basis functions for these stress approximations are defined using a low‐order partition of unity together with polynomial, discontinuous, and singular recovery enrichment functions. These singular enrichments are provided by the gradient of G/XFEM enrichments for LEFM problems and are, thus, available in most G/XFEM implementations. They also lead to a more computationally efficient stress recovery procedure than the one in the original ZZ‐BD error estimator. The adopted G/XFEM are optimally convergent with the error in the energy norm of 𝒪(h2) . Numerical experiments show that the error of the recovered stress field converges at the same rate as the discretization error. They also show that the effectivity index of the error estimator is close to the unity and that it provides good local error indicators for mesh adaptivity algorithms. Second‐order FEM for elasticity problems is a special case of the G/XFEM adopted here. This is exploited to define a block‐diagonal ZZ error estimator for the FEM as a special case of the proposed estimator for the G/XFEM. This brings the computational efficiency, simplicity, and accuracy of the ZZ‐BD error estimator, originally developed for the G/XFEM, to second‐order standard FEM.


This study was conducted to detennine the effects using functional analysis as a method to determine a best intervention program for improving oral reading fluency. The subjects were S elementary boys with leaming or developmental disabilities enrolled in public school. The study took place in a resource room within the context of ongoing reading instruction. Throughout the study, the students worked individually in the back of the room with the experimenter for about S minutes per day. Following a two-session baseline condition, four brief conditions were administered for the purpose of testing. These included: (a) repeated reading; (b) repeated reading with easier materials; (c) listening passage preview; and (d) listening passage preview with easier materials. Hypotheses regarding effective treatment were then tested in an extended analysis. Finally, the selected best interventions were implemented and their effectiveness was monitored across time. During all sessions, the experimenter collected data on one-minute readings. The dependent variables were the number of words read correct per minute, errors per minute, and recalls per minute across instructional and generalization passages. Differential response patterns were obtained for all participants during the brief analysis. Functional relationships among the number of words read correct per minute ii and best intervention programs determined through brief analysis were shown for all 5 students in instructional passages. Generalized outcomes were consistent across all. students only when a criterion for generalization was applied. Additionally, the best intervention program determined through brief analysis had an effect on the number of recalls for instructional passages. The results of the current study suggest that functional analysis is an effective procedure for determining the comparative usefulness of instructional methods, especially within the context of a thorough educational assessment.


Aim Let n be integer number.The study of divisor and divisor function d(n) are the most basic and important in number theory.A number m be index of beauty if there exist a number n thus that m.Index of beauty was defined by A.Murthy.In this paper,we studied a conjecture of A.Murthy concerning indexes of beauty.Methods By define of divisor function and elementary method.Result If p is a prime,and,then 15 p is an index of beauty.Conclusion There are infinitely many positive integer m and m is not an index of beauty,therefore the conjecture of A.Murthy is negative,and proved conjecture of Pu Yongfeng and Yang Shichun.


Corns are also known as localized plantar hyperkeratosis of skin, is one of the most common diseases in young adults and old people throughout the world. It falls under the category of superficial disorders occurring in the foot. It is caused by the hyperactivity of keratinocytes, that is to say, the hyperkeratotic activity of stratum corneum or rapid proliferation of keratinocytes, resulting in the formation of thickened layers of skin. The major mechanical cause for the development of corn is faulty footwear, congenital deformities in the foot viz... A mallet toe, hammertoe and claw toes. A broad forefoot that has been forcefully constricted in the toe box could be one of the most common causes for the development of Corn. The common symptoms associated with corn are pain, impaired mobility and limited functional activities. Common site of the appearance of Corn is palm, soles of feet, knees, balls of the heel. On assessment, it is observed that 14 -48 % of people experience the sufferings of Corn. 33-78% of older age group people over 75 years of age experience these hyperkeratotic lesions.  Here we are going to discuss the existing literature describing various methods that are used while treating hyperkeratotic lesions, especially of Corn. The following literature concisely provides different procedures opted to excavate the Corn, either conservatively or operatively, using Homoeopathy or modern medicine respectively. In this review of the literature, we are going to exhibit the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine over other conventional methods of treatment. This article will review a few of the literature work done under the condition of hyperkeratotic lesions mainly emphasizing the treatment of Corns by using various techniques in various systems of medicine.


PURPOSE
To investigate the effect of alprostadil on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.

METHODS
Rats were subjected to myocardial ischemia for 30 min followed by 24h reperfusion. Alprostadil (4 or 8 μg/kg) was intravenously administered at the time of reperfusion and myocardial infarct size, levels of troponin T, and the activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum were measured. Antioxidative parameters, nitric oxide (NO) content and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (p-eNOS) expression in the left ventricles were also measured. Histopathological examinations of the left ventricles were also performed.

RESULTS
Alprostadil treatment significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, serum troponin T levels, and CK-MB and LDH activity (P<0.05). Furthermore, treatment with alprostadil significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P<0.05) and markedly reduced myonecrosis, edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P<0.05), NO level (P<0.01) and p-eNOS (P<0.05) were significantly increased in rats treated with alprostadil compared with control rats.

CONCLUSION
These results indicate that alprostadil protects against myocardial I/R injury and that these protective effects are achieved, at least in part, via the promotion of antioxidant activity and activation of eNOS.


Learning how to plan is recognised as a key skill that beginning teachers have to develop but there has been little research examining how they may actually learn to plan. This paper, based on the analysis of 10 post-lesson interviews with 17 secondary school teachers across three years (the PGCE year and the first two years in teaching) focuses on: what these beginning teachers learned about planning; the nature of that planning; and the development of their awareness as to what planning could and could not achieve. The findings demonstrate that learning how to plan is a feature of beginning teachers' learning well beyond the PGCE year, indicating that it is through planning that teachers are able to learn about teaching and through teaching that they are able to learn about planning. We discuss the implications for teacher educators and others involved in the professional learning of beginning teachers.


Textile curtains can be designed to be good sound absorbers. Their acoustical performance, as usually described by the sound absorption coefficient, not only depends on the textile itself but also on the drapery fullness and the backing condition, that is, the spacing between the fabric and a rigid backing wall, or the absence of a backing in the case of a freely hanging curtain. This article reviews existing models to predict the diffuse-field sound absorption coefficient, which to date can only predict the case of flat curtains. A set of existing models is extended to the case of curtains with drapery fullness using a semi-empirical approach. The models consider different backing conditions, including freely hanging curtains. The existing and new models are validated by comparing predicted sound absorption coefficients with data measured in a reverberation room. Hereby, curtains consisting of different fabrics and with different degrees of fullness are considered. Besides situations with rigid backing, also the measurement data of textiles hung freely in space are included in this study. Comparisons reveal a very good agreement between measured and predicted sound absorption coefficients. Compared to currently available commercial sound absorption prediction software that can only handle the situation of flat textiles with rigid backing, the results of the presented models not only show a better agreement with measured data, but also cover a broader range of situations. The presented models are thus well applicable in the design and development of new textiles as well as in the room acoustical planning process.


There are many myths in early childhood education, e.g., early experience determinism, myth of abundant stimuli, myth of developing right brain. These myths conveyed by people who either lack of scientific knowledge or have some commercial aims, have resulted in social hazards. Many pseudosciences originated from these myths of early childhood education have brought about perils to physiological and psychological health of children. In fact, there doesn't exist a theory which can resolve all problems of education.


Abstract E-learning is becoming an increasingly mainstream feature of educational delivery. The launch of a national e-learning strategy in England signals the Government's commitment to maximising the potential benefits of investment in information and communications technology (ICT). The vision for e-learning set out in this strategy is ambitious. At this time, research has the potential to inform related decisions about e-learning at many levels, though achieving evidence-informed policy and practice requires meaningful dialogue between researchers and policy makers and practitioners. Robust evidence of the impact and added value of e-learning is at a premium, set within the context of broader educational objectives, like widening participation in learning and raising educational standards. This is not a straightforward exercise, due to the difficulties of researching complex social contexts and interventions. The challenge for researchers is to develop methodologies which both recognise the complexities of e-learning implementation and produce robust measures of impact or added value. Greater understanding is needed of the conditions under which ICT deployment impacts positively on attainment, the relationship between learner needs and e-learning, the effective deployment of staff time, assessment in an e-learning age and e-learning in post-16 education.


The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical model based on the tripartite model of attitude to examine consumers' intention to use mobile banking. The proposed model was empirically validated by survey method that collected 262 valid data in this study. The results of the analysis show that relative advantage, personal innovativeness, and compatibility have a positive relationship with consumer's intention, and switching cost has the negative impact on consumer's intention.


Because the structure of the medium and small span pre-stress concrete bridge is very simplex, so that this style is widely used.In this text, we will discuss the problems that happen frequently during the construction, So we can make clear that how the management works better.


THE AUTHORS PRESENT THE RESULTS OF 7 PLATE BEARING TESTS (5000 SQUARE CENTIMETRE SQUARE SLABS) CARRIED OUT ON SOIL CONTAINING UP TO 2,9% OF EASILY SOLUBLE SALTS DISTRIBUTED IN THE SOIL MASS, WITH SETTLEMENT MEASUREMENTS (EVERY 20 CM IN DEPTH) AFTER WETTING OF THE SOIL. VARIATIONS IN PERMEABILITY AND GYPSUM CONTENT DUE TO SETTLEMENT ARE ALSO STUDIED.


Process for inhibiting corrosion of a metallic substance in an aqueous system cooling water containing a SiO2 concentration greater than 200 mg / L soluble in said aqueous system water cooling draws water from water inlet supply, the method of the present invention comprising the following steps: a) removal of hardness ions from said source water; b) Control of the conductivity of said aqueous system water of cooling water such that said aqueous system water cooling water has a conductivity of between 10,000 and 150,000 μohms μohms; c) lifting and maintaining the pH of said aqueous system water of cooling water such that said aqueous system water cooling water has a pH of 9.0 or higher; d) providing a metal surface of heat transfer in the system and make contact cyclically with water of said aqueous system, wherein the pH increases the solubility of said silica and controls fouling of silica or silicate in that metallic heat transfer surface.


A three-dimensional water quality model is developed based on the Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code(EFDC) to study the water quality processes and characteristics in the Erhai Lake.The model is calibrated and verified using field water quality data monitored from 2001 to 2011.The simulated results are in good agreement with the observed data and the model is able to simulate the lake water quality processes well.The modeling results indicate that seasonal variation of dissolved oxygen is significant during the year with high levels of dissolved oxygen occurring in winter and low levels in summer.Other water quality parameters including ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and BOD5 have significant temporal and spatial variations over the lake.Water quality in the northern and southern regions of Erhai Lake in general is worse than that in the mid-region of the lake.Algal growth is closely related to temperature and nutrients,and is generally higher in summer and low in winter.


This study examines the influence of study tawhid on the dimension of religious of santri in Langsa City. The research questions include; was there a correlation between study of tawhid carried out at the Islamic boarding schools and the dimension of religious of the santri in Langsa City. The population in this study were Islamic boarding schools in Langsa City, totalling 20 Islamic boarding schools; two Islamic boarding schools with different educational models were taken as samples, Futuhul Mua'rif represented salafiyah (N=85), and Raudhatun Najah represented integrated Islamic boarding schools (N=40) with the number of participants 125 people. The researcher applied a mixed-method, which combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. Pearson product-moment was used to measure the validity of quantitative data and analytical descriptive was involved to analyze the qualitative data. Results showed that the correlation values between the students' study of tawhid value and their dimension of religious at the Salafiah Islamic boarding school were; ideological 0,980, ritualistic 0,971, experiential 0,975, intellectuality 0,979, and consequential 0,926. All of the values were higher than r table, which was 0,278. This indicated that there was a significant correlation between the dimension of religious and the study of tawhid . While, results of student's values at the integrated Islamic boarding school were ideological 0,941, ritualistic 0,951, experiential 0,944, intellectual 0,943, and consequential 0,910. The values were higher than r table, which was 0,403. This indicated that there was a significant correlation. The value of religiosity Sig (2-tailed ) of Salafiyah and integrated boarding schools was 0,000 (p<0,01) thus the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. This showed that there were significant correlations between the two variables.


Introduction The benefits from Information Technology (IT) revolution cannot be reaped unless the masses use it, which is not possible unless computing is possible in a language that is understood by masses. This realization has come to many nations already. According to Jones S et al. (1992), the German Munchener Oberlandesgericht court decision of 1985 restricts the delivery of computers if it does not accompany operating instructions in German. Similar measures have been taken in many of the European and Far-Eastern countries, to enforce their local/national languages. Urdu software development dates back to late 1970s and early 1980s. Different applications have been developed by individuals and vendors since then, desktop publishing leading the scene for Urdu Software. As all these packages were developed without any underlying computing standard, each has its own character set and code page. Therefore data exchange between them is not possible. They even have their own keyboard settings, therefore making it difficult for a typist to switch from one application to another. With increasing usage of computers in Pakistan, and emerging Urdu applications from word


The effects of oxidized dietary lipid and the role of vitamin E on growth performance,
health status, and muscle and liver quality of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were
evaluated over a 9-week feeding period. Four isonitrogenous experimental diets
containing fresh or oxidized fish oil with or without added vitamin E (a-tocopherol or
mixed tocopherols) were fed to juvenile cod in duplicate tanks. The highly oxidized lipid
used had a peroxide value of 94 meq/kg oil.
No significant change (P>0.05) on growth performance or feed utilization was observed
when oxidized dietary lipid was used. The erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF), referred
to as susceptibility to hemolysis, of fish fed oxidized oil without added vitamin E was
high in comparison with those fed unoxidized oil. Supplementation of δ-tocopherol
appeared to decrease the hemolysis, but mixed tocopherols had no significant effect
(P>0.05) on EOF.
The proximate composition of fish whole body was also affected by oxidized oil and
vitamin E. Fatty acid composition of liver total lipid reflected that of dietary lipid.
However, muscle lipid contained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
compared to that of liver lipid, as expected. Both muscle and liver fatty acid composition
followed the same trend among the treatments as those of dietary fatty acids. Fish fed
fresh oil had a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle and
liver lipid than those fed oxidized oil. Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and
phospholipids in fish muscle tissue was also analyzed. A larger quantity of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was present in neutral lipid fraction, while phospholipids
contained a higher amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Oxidized oil significantly (P<0.05) decreased the deposition of α-tocopherol in liver but
not in muscle. Gamma- and δ-tocopherols from dietary tocopherols mixture were retained
at very low levels in liver but higher retention was observed in muscle. The oxidative
state of both liver and muscle, as measured by the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances (TBARS) and headspace propanal, negatively correlated with tissue vitamin E
levels.
It is suggested that oxidized oil affected juvenile Atlantic cod by causing vitamin E
deficiency in certain tissues and that these effects could be alleviated by supplementation
of a sufficient amount of vitamin E through diet. It is also indicated that mixed
tocopherols were good antioxidants for Atlantic cod, although less effective than α-tocopherol
alone in many tissues with the exception of muscle, where γ-. and δ-tocopherols were deposited at considerably high levels. Due to the fact that muscles are
the major edible part of fish, these results may be useful to fish farmers for producing fish
with better oxidative stability and hence extended shelf life during storage.


In the process of fluidized bed incineration chemical organic wastewater,the enrichment of alkali metal salt materials in heating surface can result into the agglomeration of furnace;melting alkali metal salt materials flow into the bed along the incinerator wall to form very sticky viscouseut ectic materials that can cause very rapid defluidization of the fluidized bed,eventually leading to catastrophic sintering.Therefore,formation mechanism,influencing factors and solving methods of agglomeration are discussed.


Background. Nowadays personalized medicine is actively developing and consists of individual approaches during patients' treatment, diagnoses and prognoses. Since the first use of DNA sequence analysis in 2009, many other directions and methods for precision medicine have been proposed, including metabolome, transcriptome, proteome, microbiome analysis etc., which reflect internal factors of organisms. Moreover, to take into account environmental influence on organisms including day/night activity, feeding and physical training regime, it was proposed to apply the descriptions of circadian system rhythmicity of each patient. Also, with organism aging, the sensitivity to external factors is raised that emphasizes the importance of the chronobiological approach in anti-aging concept. In this review we discussed available ways of the application of circadian system parameters to analyze human metabolic state.
Methods. Search strategy: PubMed, Scopus, DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) and Google Scholar were used to search for original research and articles review; no abstracts from meeting reports have been cited. ClinicalTrials.gov was used to search for clinical studies. Search terms included "chronotherapy", "circadian system", and "chronobiology".
Results. According to personalized medicine, the analysis of circadian system in the case of each patient is necessary as circadian rhythmicity varies in every person. Taking into account the peculiarities of patient's circadian system it will be easy to choose the best time for drug administration resulting in high efficacy and low side effects. The analysis of circadian system can be performed on molecular, physiological and systemic (general, metabolic and inflammation markers) levels. There was shown the increase in the number of clinical trials which are based on the use of chronobiological approach during the treatment of different pathologies that increase with aging: depression, insomnia, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, cancer. More than 1,000 clinical trials involving circadian interventions and chronobiology have been registered worldwide.
Conclusion. Chronobiological approach can be used as an additional measure to anti-aging therapy to diagnose metabolic state, to choose more effective treatment time as well as in preventive healthcare in terms of personalized medicine.


Attenuation characteristics and ultrasonic velocity of duplex stainless steel test coupons held at 1300°C for 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes period and later water quenched were found to be strongly influenced by the microstructural features. Attenuation increases with increase in grain size while longitudinal velocity is influenced by both the austenite content and the grain size. Elastic constants show better correlation with shear wave velocity than longitudinal velocity. However, for bulk modulus correlation coefficient (R) is 0.8 while for other elastic constants (R) value is more than 0.9.


s of the snentific papers presented from the Plafform Authors in alphabetic order ABBCYI-I., LOUISE C., KAYMONU H. ABHOLD, and BRUCE WEBER: Central Nervous System Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin, and Met-Enkephalin Levels in Tottering Mice; a Genetic Animal Model of Human Petit Ma1 Epilepsy. Depar t ment of Veter inary a n d Compara t ive A n a t o m y , Pharmacology and Physiology, College of ve ter inary Medicine, Washington State University, Pul lman, WA 99164. Elevated norepinephrine (NE) levels in cortical and some subcortical regions of the brain have correlated with petit ma1 seizure activity in the tottering ( tg l tg) mouse. The possibiiity of similar correlations wirh serotonin (5HT) and dopamine (DA) levels in the central nenous system (CNS) have not been investigated thoroughly, previously. In this study NE, DA, and 5HT were measured via HPLC-electrochemical detection in 13 different region3 of the brain in rglrg mice relative to control (+I+) mice. Only 2 brain regions showed differences in DA; 5 showed differences in SHT, while 10 showed differences in NE. The majority these differences were genotype-related and demonstrated increased NE, 5HT, and DA in tg l tg mice relative to +/+ mice. In contrast, decreased N E was observed in the pons from tg l tg mice. Methionine-enkephalin (Met-ENK), which is known to co-lucalixe with and modulate the actions ot NE, was also measured via RIA in several CNS regions. In those areas where NE was decreased in tg.'tg mice, Met-ENK also was decreased, relative to +/+ mice. These data raise the possibility that decreased N E and Met-ENK may be involved in epileptogenesis and/or maintenance of seizure activity in the tottering mouse and that the brainstern may be a region of particular importance. Supported by N I H grants RR00515 and RR05-46525. A C K E R M A N N , P. C., P. D. DE WET, a n d G. P. LOOTS: The Three Dimensional Organization of the Microvascular Module of the Rat Omentum. D e p a r t m e n t of Anatomy, Medical Universi ty of Southern Africa, P.O. Medunsa 0204. Republ ic of S o u t h


Background To research the efficiency of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TCP) in refractory glaucoma and to evaluate the dose-response relationship. Methods A retrospective analysis of the cases of 31 eyes of 31 consecutive patients with uncontrolled glaucoma who underwent TCP. Six to thirty-six months were reviewed. The main outcome measure is intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction combined with the best corrected visual acuity and complications. Calculations were performed to determine possible predictive factors that would help establish optimal treatment parameters. Results All the 31 patients felt a relieved ocular pain after TCP. Corneas of 30 eyes recovered transparent one week after TCP, except one eye with corneal epithelialization. The IOP of all patients decreased to 5mmHg-38mmHg(average is 17.93±8.00mmHg)at the end of follow-up. The main earlier complications include conjunctival burns, hyphema and mild inflammation of the anterior chamber, and the late complications were phthisis bulbi and corneal staphyloma. Final IOP was moderately negative related to the number of spots, r=-0.41(t=2.05, P<0.05), and the linear regression equation is y=27.53-0.62x (independent variable x represents the number of spots, dependent variable y represents the final IOP). To a medium extent, the final IOP was negatively correlated with the number of the audible spots, r=-0.58(t=3.75, P<0.01), and the linear regression equation is y=28.39-1.26x. Conclusion Cyclophotocoagulation is a convenient, safe and effective procedure in refractory glaucoma. The recommended parameter is about 14 spots or 8 audible spots.


Objective
Determine the relationship between AR-V7 expression and treatment efficiency of abiraterone.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted to detect CTCs AR-V7 in newly diagnosed CRPC patients, aged ≥18 years who were admitted to the urologic department of Peking University cancer hospital from January 2016 to January 2019, with one or more systemic metastases. All the patients intended to be treated with abiraterone. According to the AR-V7 status, patients were divided into 2 groups (AR-V7 positive and negative). PSA decline time, PSA PFS, clinical status PFS, imaging PFS and CSS are analyzed and compared by t-test and Chi-square between 2 groups.

Result
49 patients were AR-V7 negative and 28 were AR-V7 positive. Compared with AR-V7 positive patients, PSA decline time (72.04±66.92 vs. 190.11±102.44, P=0.000), PSA non-response rate (6.12% vs. 21.4%, P=0.040) are significantly lower in AR-V7 negative patients. PSA PFS(489.17±269.39 vs. 130.56±120, P=0.010), Clinical PFS (551.91±322.05 vs. 261.44±200.85, P=0.018), and Imaging PFS (523.7±223.28 vs. 247.56±202.80, P=0.003) are significantly longer in AR-V7 negative patients.

Conclusion
Expression status of AR-V7 is related to the response of abiraterone treatment and the prognosis of the patients.

Key words:
Prostatic neoplasms; Castration resistant prostate cancer; Androgen receptor splice variant 7(AR-V7); Abiraterone


(57) [summary] at a relatively high speed, equipment and methods for setting up the "virtual connection" through the exchange data communication network to realize the control of the low-cost integration services. When the virtual connection is temporarily set, switch group can be along a path that sets the connectionless data packet is moved in direct manner without deforming the data packet. Complexity involved in the route selection data is removed from the data transfer path, it is treated with rather connection setup time. This exchange group can be more simply can and therefore faster. Further, replacement determination is substantially not involved in and end-system is not affected by the protocol. It also results in a significant advantage in terms of manageability: This is because is because, various possibilities that could not be carried out too costly on a packet-by-packet basis can be effortlessly carried out in connection setup time. Thus, datagram-oriented techniques can achieve a new level of control was not practical. Improved bandwidth allocation methods as well as new best route search method is also provided.


Objective:To investigate the effects of ultraviolet A(UVA) on the morphology and proliferation activity of human fibroblasts and the mechanism of action.Methods: Human fibroblast were respectively divided into blank group and low(1 J/cm2),moderate(5 J/cm2),high(10 J/cm2) UVA groups.The alterations of cellular morphology and proliferation,as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured 6,24,48,72 h after irradiation.Results: Obvious changes of cellular morphology were observed as early as 6 h after moderate and high UVA irradiation.At the same time,the level of IL-1α,IL-1β,IL-6 proteins were significantly higher than blank control,and the high level of IL-1β and IL-6 maintained to 48-72 h.The cell proliferation decreased to the lowest level 48 h after moderate UVA irradiation and 24 h after high UVA irradiation,respectively.Conclusion: Moderate and high dose UVA irradiation have significant light-damage on human fibroblast,and the mechanism may be related with inflammatory cytokines,which secreted by UVA stimulated fibroblast cells.


Over the past 2 years, several changes have occurred in the French system of scientific research and higher education, and more are on the way. As the country struggles to find ways of modernizing a structure that has been forged over two centuries, the intention to improve things is a good sign.


Based on theory study and interview survey to 20 experts,an policy assessment are made for the current safety management polices and both the positive and the negative effects are generalized on the current situation and the future development in construction industry in China.Three root-causes for the argument on government safety management policies are not perfectly understanding the rules of accident causation,not clear about the social and economical nature of both owners and supervisors,and preferring to the minatory methods(not the service methods) in construction safety administration.Safety duty assignment should be based on the accident causes and the stakeholders' controlling capabilities.Meanwhile,safety policy should embody the attribute of taking the owner as one kind of producer,and safety administration should put emphasis on the economics encouragement methods besides the punishment.


Over the last three decades, the far-infrared emission from distant galaxies has been revealed to us. This far-infrared light is emitted by dust clouds heated by UV radiation from young stars. This reveals to us some of the most remarkable and highly star-forming galaxies in the Universe. The Herschel space observatory was able to capture this light. With this thesis I have attempted to get a better understanding of the underlying galaxy population. I have done this by observing the most extreme forms of star formation in the early Universe seen in maps obtained by the SPIRE instrument and using prior information from deep high resolution surveys. In particular I have examined the dependencies of dusty galaxy properties on their environment.

I have confirmed that star formation is primarily dependent on both galaxy mass and whether a galaxy lies in the "blue cloud". Environment is the primary influence on the fraction of galaxies lying in the blue cloud and has a minor, but significant, affect on the average star formation rate of star forming galaxies. The highest redshift galaxies directly detected in the Herschel SPIRE maps are very rare, but due to the large area of the HerMES surveys we are able to find a statistical significant sample. With the addition of longer wavelength SCUBA-2 data I further confine the redshift of the dusty galaxies and find that the star formation rates of those sources are extremely high and exceed 1000 M_ a year. The observed number counts of these extremely bright sources have been a problem for galaxy evolution models. I am able to explain the observed number count of red SPIRE sources by adding correlated confusion noise and Gaussian instrumental noise to simulated galaxy catalogues. My results emphasise that it is crucial to correct for noise and selection effects for comparison with simulations. I exploit a novel way of fitting the full SPIRE maps using prior information from deep high resolution surveys, obtained from wavelengths ranging from optical to radio. In doing so I obtain the most accurate values of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) at the SPIRE wavelengths. With these results we have a better indication of which sources are producing the CIB, and therefore the bulk of star formation. My results indicate that future large area surveys like LSST are likely to resolve a substantial fraction of the population responsible for the CIB at 250 µm ≤ λ ≤ 500 µm.


This paper reflects a picture of the legal changes that have occurred in Albanian state, the reforms that have been under taken in law and in particular in the field of human rights. The establishment of democracy has required fundamental changes not only in recognition of the rights and fundamental freedoms, but also the sanction of real guarantees for the protection and enforcement of these rights, without the existence of these guarantees, the recognizing would not have any value and would be utopia. Issues raised for discussion in this paper are: Protection of human rights in democracy and their implementation. Guarantees that the Albanian Constitution provides for the recognition and protection of human rights. The role of law enforcement bodies in the implementation of protective mechanisms and in particular the justice system to ensure respect for the right to due judicial process .Through analysis of the legal and judicial practice in the field of protection of human rights, we aim to bring out the challenges faced by the Albanian institutions, whether nationally as well as internationally. A state that respects and protects human values testifies a healthy society that has consolidated basis and that stimulates economic, social and cultural prosperity. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p54


In recent years fractional Brownian motion has been suggested to replace the classical Brownian motion as driving process in the modelling of many real world phenomena, including stock price modelling. In several papers seemingly contradictory results on the existence or absence of a riskless gain (arbitrage) in such stock models have been stated. This survey tries to clarify this issue by pointing to the importance of the chosen class of admissible trading strategies.


Maximum efficiency for a given feed size is obtained if the resultant field from the feed matches in the conjugate sense the incident field at the aperture of the feed. A previous study of shallow reflectors shows that the mode composition required to achieve a good match can be obtained analytically. Graphic computer techniques used to study deep reflectors are discussed.


As the presence of aerial drones is growing in France, both in the military arsenal and in public debates, this article shows sociology's aptitude for studying the dissemination of a technological war device. Unlike essentialist approaches to technology, which claim that it evolves autonomously, the proposed analysis considers both that innovation results from actors' association and "framing" work, and, conversely, that the technical object has a mediating effect on its surroundings. By studying military thinking in the specialized press, the article shows that despite drone entrepreneurs' "good reasons" for defining it as a neutral and controlled tool, it is more fruitful to analyse it through the lens of the "mediator" concept. From this perspective, the technical object is active and, in our case, reconfigures French military organization. It allows for new ways of thinking and waging war, and leads to a whole different way of relating to the enemy.


Using survey data on expectations of future stock returns, we recursively estimate the degree of extrapolation bias (DOX) in investor expectations. There is considerable time-series variation in the DOX, and it interacts significantly with price-scaled variables in predictive regressions. In particular, we show that the ability of the dividend-price ratio to predict the equity premium is contingent on the DOX. There is strong predictability when the DOX is high, while the predictability disappears when the degree of extrapolation bias is low. Additionally, following the intuition from the present-value identity, we find that the lack of return predictability in low-DOX states comes with higher persistence of the D/P ratio. These results extend to the use of the book-to-market and earnings-to-price ratios, and are corroborated by out-of-sample evidence. Our findings have important implications. They support the interpretation of pricescaled variables as proxies for asset mispricing, and they help answer a critical question: when will an overvalued asset, or even a bubble, experience a correction? ∗We thank Adem Atmaz, Nick Barberis, Tolga Cenesizoglu, Zhi Da, Robin Greenwood, Yeejin Jang, Mitch Jonhston, Mohitosh Kejriwal, Ralitsa Petkova, Stefano Rossi, Allan Timmermann, Deniz Yavuz, and seminar participants at Purdue University for their helpful comments. We are responsible for any remaining errors. †Krannert School of Management, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Tel: (765) 421-5292, e-mail: email@example.com. ‡Krannert School of Management, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Tel: (765) 496-2689, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


When commenting on Frances Greville's 'Prayer for Indifference', Jerome McGann identifies a central element in the poetics of sensibility: 'Nothing is more characteristic of the poetry of sensibility than its dialectical relation to "indifference"'. He goes on to argue that 'The relation between the two, in the discourse of sensibility functions as a reciprocity and not an antithesis'. 1 In this statement, McGann describes a necessary relation between indifference and sensibility: indifference requires sensibility to prove that it feels; sensibility requires indifference to allow it to sustain itself. Each requires and validates the other. McGann's definition of this 'central element in the poetics of sensibility' provides a useful instrument for approaching such eighteenth-century practitioners as Greville who juxtaposes the 'nymph Indifference' from the 'treacherous sense / ... Which pleasure can to pain refine, / To pain new pangs impart'. 2


The present investigation was carried out on 1,070 local goats named as Udgiri goat in 242 villages from Marathwada and western Maharashtra during 2018 to 2021. The average body weight of adult Udgiri male goat is 42.77±3.94 kg while female weight is 32.98±3.44 kg and was highest than any other recognized indigenous goat breeds of Maharashtra. The average body length was 76.53±3.53 cm, height at withers was 74.65±1.65 cm, chest girth was 74.46±1.72 cm, paunch girth was 73.54±3.88 cm, tail length was 18.50±1.94 cm, horn length was 16.96±1.18 cm and ear length was 22.23±2.27 cm in male. While, in female goat, the average body length was 72.21±2.53 cm, height at withers was 68.7±2.68 cm, chest girth was 71.95±1.74 cm, paunch girth was 74.24±1.83 cm, tail length was 18.52±2.96 cm, horn length was 17.52±1.26 cm and ear length was 21.73±2.91 cm. The highest and positive significant correlation was noticed between live body weight and almost all body measurement parameters in all four age groups. The highest positive significant correlation (0.82) was found between live body weight and body length in the group of adult goat, hence, it may be used as selection criteria for goat and selection based upon these body measurements should improve the meat production. The multiple linear regression model revealed high level of coefficient of determination and low RMSE for prediction of live body weight using linear body measurements parameters.


This book is the first comprehensive history of psychoanalysis in Russia from the last years of the tsars to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Using rare Russian sources and newly opened Soviet archives, Martin A. Miller explores Sigmund Freud's influence in Russia during the twentieth century, discusses the lives of the Russian Freudians, and explicates for the first time original Russian psychoanalytic case studies.


Part of a series of eight volumes of diaries kept by James Lees-Milne, this text covers the years from 1973-74 and offers a fastidious, penetrating and humourous view of a world now largely vanished.


As organizations move toward using web technology to share data, the barriers go beyond the well known challenges of semantic interoperability. Our work proposes and illustrates the problem of establishing and maintaining data supply chains in the face of evolution and decentralized control. We explore agreements for data services, identifying obligations of provider and consumer, and opportunities beyond those for arbitrary services. Examples illustrate the kinds of capabilities that would be desired. We propose several open problems about data service agreements, e.g., techniques for agreement monitoring, and appropriate formalisms for specifying and reasoning about data supply chain graphs.


SYNOPSIS. Different species of larval trematodes that utilize the same intermediate host characteristically exhibit distinctive patterns of response to environmental fluctuations. Not only are the responses distinctive for each species, but also they cannot be correlated with that of the host. The physiological responses of the molluscan host to physical changes in the environment, however, are modified significantly by the presence of a larval trematode infection. The thermal metabolic acclimation patterns of infected Nassarius obsoleta are quite distinct from those of non-infected N. obsoleta . Thex activity patterns during thermal acclimation of cytochrome c oxidase from digestive glands of snails infected with different species of larval trematodes indicate that each species of larval trematodes differentially influences the hosttissue, so that the cytochrome oxidase system does not respond to temperature in the same way as does uninfected host tissue.


Studies in HIV-infected individuals suggest excess weight gain with integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. HPTN 077 evaluated changes in weight and fasting metabolic parameters in HIV-uninfected individuals randomized to cabotegravir or a placebo. No differences between arms were found for change in weight or fasting metabolic parameters overall or for subgroups.


The secure audit mechanism based on Linux Security Modules (LSM) is presented. The SAM enhances LSM in audit, makes security domain of process task structure point to the specified data structure, and adds audit hooks and hook functions to capture comprehensive audit information. Additionally, register functions and unregistered functions are provided to implement dynamic addition and deletion of security audit modules. Buffer with double-linked list structure is designed to solve easy lost of audit information and buffer overflow. Normal activities rule base, RVA, and its dynamic response algorithm are presented. And real-time security warning and punishment mechanisms are achieved by constraint control algorithm and the set of warning threshold and punish threshold. Audit log format based on efficiency is designed. And five kinds of basic query are provided to achieve effective log storage and query. The tested results indicate the mechanism has better security and running performance, less influence on the kernel, and adaptive kernel's upgrade.


In this paper, we study the shift of thread semantics that arises when adapting a centralized Java program for execution in a distributed environment. More specifically we focus on distributed applications that are developed by means of a distributed control flow programming model like Java RMI or OMG CORBA. The shift in thread semantics causes unexpected execution results or run-time errors if these differences were not taken into account by the programmer. We overcome this semantical gap between local and distributed programming by extending Java programming with the notion of distributed thread identity. Propagation of a globally unique, distributed thread identity provides a uniform mechanism by which all the program's constituent objects involved in a distributed control flow can uniquely refer to that distributed thread as one and the same computational entity. We have implemented distributed thread identity by means of byte code transformation of application programs.


Many cytological investigators have drawn attention to the peculiar forms assumed by the heterotypical aggregates of chromosomes, or, as we have lately termed them, The Synaptic Gemini of the first maiotic division. It was indeed the striking peculiarities presented by the forms assumed by these bodies, and the comparative ease with which they can be distinguished from the true chromosomes of pre- and post-maiotic mitoses, which led Professor Farmer and one of us some years ago to make a list of the different forms we encountered what was at that time by no means clear, namely, that in regard to the maiotic divisions we are dealing with an identical process throughout both animals and plants. In the note referred to and in subsequent publications by other authors, the view has been taken that the adult gemini (heterotype chromosomes) are to be regarded as capable of assuming any of the forms which two flexible rods can take. As for example, when bent round each other; lying parallel to each other; associated together in the form of a cross; joined end to end in the form of a ring; and so on. The rarer forms, such as tetrads, being accounted for by supposing that the four-fold figure results from a thickening or clubbing of the ends of the associated chromosomes thus:- In many instances where tetrads are found this is undoubtedly the explanation of their form.


A process is disclosed for writing by means of a laser on coloured or uncoloured foils having at least one covering layer and a base layer. The process is characterised in that the foil is irradiated by the laser radiation through the covering layer. The covering layer is selected so as to not absorb the used laser radiation and the supporting layer is finished so as to become able to receive an inscription made by a laser.


Although the pattern and issue of transition from school to work (TSW) is commonly discussed in France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK, and the US, it cannot find a place as a topic of discussion in the press and academe in Turkey. In reality, transition from school to work constitutes one of the most critical steps in young people's careers. It is therefore necessary to discuss the power of public policies to improve policies for young people, such as the regulation of the labor market, labor market programs, the effect of education on having a profession, and transition from higher education to work, all of which are underlined in the literature. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the process of transition from higher education to work within the context of Turkey based on the literature.