PARTICIPATION IN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS by Lyle C. Ailshie This study examines the relationship between participation in extracurricular activities and the variables of school attendance and academic achievement. The population for the study was the 1994-95 graduating class in the First Tennessee Development District high schools. The definition of extracurricular activities was expanded to include the employment of students. The relationships were examined through Pearson Product Moment correlations and by way of multiple regression. A total of 575 students from thirteen high schools made up the sample for this study. Schools were classified into three size categories and proportionally selected in order to accurately represent the population. Selected students responded to a survey instrument in order to provide the information to be analyzed. Demographic information concerning race, gender, and estimated family income was gathered. Respondents were also asked to provide the number of absences during the current year and current cumulative grade point average. The remaining portion of the survey contained a list of thirty-seven activities typically sponsored by high schools. Students provided information regarding the amount of time per week and the time frame of participation for any activity in which they participated. Space was allotted for respondents to provide the same information for activities not listed. A significant relationship was found between involvement in extracurricular activities and both school attendance and academic achievement. Results showed that as involvement in extracurricular activities increased, school attendance and academic achievement improved. This was true for two definitions of involvement. Results for employment differed. As involvement in employment increased, school attendance and academic achievement declined.


This paper introduce a passive equalizer for compensating the frequency characteristics of on-interposer differential interconnects in TSV-based 3-D ICs. To facilitate the design of the equalizer, we develop a simplified odd-mode circuit model, which only consists of four elements. The simplified model can capture the electrical performance of the differential interconnects quickly and accurately up to 20 GHz. Then, the equalizer parameters are designed by using the time-domain inter-symbol interference (ISI) cancellation method, and then used for extracting the geometrical parameters. The functionality of the passive equalizer is validated in both frequency- and time-domain.


This research focuses on explaining FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOCIAL
SKILLS AND THE STUDENTS OF FIRST DEGREE OF SECONDARY CEM
"GUSTAVO RIES" TRUJILLO-2014.
This study was conducted with a total of 200 students, consisting of 8 sections;
of first "A" to first "H", with an average of 25 students per section.
Statistical, inductive-deductive, analytical, and ethnographic: in research
methods were used. Survey depth interview and review of literature sources
and the following techniques are also used. Through the instruments
questionnaire depth interview guide and index cards. To this it has been based
on the following theoretical approaches: gender, needs a human scale, human
development, theory of family social support, social learning theory.
Their results show a profile of young people who have specific deficiencies in
the issue of social skills have developed with them to have a better
development in the social and professional level. Hindering the achievement of
emotional intelligence in the workplace, professional skills, teamwork,
identification with the goals of a company, and his leadership at work.
However, it does have a specific scale values, allowing them to have a closer
relationship with his friends, where solidarity prevail, spirit to get ahead in life,
and identification with the effort made by their parents.


The Communist Party dictatorships in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the "masses" with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy—successful at the outset—in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers' state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.


This study surveyed the levels of atmospheric stability across the atmospheric boundary layer in Jos, northcentral Nigeria. Five years (2011-2015) meteorological data for temperature and wind speed at 1000mbar pressure level was retrieved and processed from ECMWF Era-Interim Re-analysis platform. The data were for 6-hourly synoptic hours: 0000H, 0600H, 1200H and 1800H at 0.125° grid resolution. The gradient Richardson (Rig) number technique was used to assess stability conditions across distinct layers: 10-50m (surface layer); 50-100m (mid layer) and 100-1300m (upper layer). Results indicated that the surface layer is always in unstable state as over 90% and 100% of Rig values were below Richardson Critical (Ric) value of 0.25 and Richardson Termination level (RT) of 1, respectively. Stable conditions exist at the mid layer across the hours and all Rig values were greater than RT level of 1. Rig values for the upper layer were largely negative and ranged between -52 to -360. This indicates very strong unstable conditions. Atmospheric stability generated through mixed convection prevailed at the surface layer and upper layer but with more of forced and free convection. This shows that mechanical turbulence is dominant at the surface while thermal buoyancy prevails at the upper level. Linking results to emission dispersion proposes that air pollutants will be dispersed across far and near expanses at the upper layer and surface layers. This is due to the laminar pattern of the mid layer that will restrict altitudinal and horizontal emission dispersion. Authorities should certify that prospective emission sources are above 50m to safeguard the health of sensitive receptors as regards emissions concentrations. Also, wind energy could be utilised as surface Rig values concur with obtainable wind shear values.


President Truman said to the crowd gathered before the White House on the night of August 14, "The emergency [today] is as great as it was on December 7, 1941." This statement sums up our present rela? tions with Japan. Under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and the Japanese condition to that Declaration, the American authorities will work through the Emperor and ele? ments of the regime which he now heads. At present the primary responsibility for eflecting the changes in Japan required in the Potsdam Declaration rests on General MacArthur. Although he will act on directives prepared in Washington, it is General MacArthur who is to make sure that the Japanese "eliminate for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan," that "The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people;" and that "Freedom of speech, of religion and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights, shall be established." Two courses appear to be open as to treatment of the regime which General MacArthur finds in Tokyo. One is to retain it fairly intact, after the elimination of the obviously war-guilty. The other course is to make sweeping changes in its personnel so as to permit the emergence of democratic groups which could initiate a domestic program designed to eliminate the economic basis for aggression. There will be a strong temptation to retain in the regime a preponderance of elements not obviously war-guilty who have a Western polish and, because of past experience, what is called "know-how." They include men of the Zaibatsu, bureaucrats, politicians, and the Court circle.


The term 'tense' can be defined as a secondary grammatical category which serves to locate an event or a situation in time. It accounts for example for the difference in the sentences John leaves / John left. It encompasses two aspects: a morphological aspect, namely a system of tenses encoded in the verb's morphology, and a semantic aspect dealing with the temporal location of the event or events depicted in one or more sentences: the 'meaning' of the various tenses.


The results of long-term study of 13 varieties of plum Yenikeyev΄s breading in the Central region of Russia are given. The purpose of research was to identify the best of them. The productivity, quality fruit, winter hardiness, disease resistance and other indicators were studied. Winter hardiness was studied in severe winters (1986/1987, 1990/1991 and others) with the minimum temperature to -35 (without thawing) and -28 °C (thaw). Resistance to fungal diseases was estimated in 2013., during the growing season in which (April - September) fell to 450 mm of rain, and the average monthly air temperature exceeded the normal by 2-4 °C. The varieties of Prunus domestica Smolinka, Utro, Yaichnaya siniya, Sukhanovskaya, Pamyati Timiryazeva and the variety of Prunus salicina Skoroplodnaya have been revealed as adaptive, productive and high-quality varieties.


The Australian Community Psychologist Volume 25 No 2 December 2013 © The Australian Psychological Society Ltd Even though youth homelessness is a global phenomenon, accurate counts of homelessness are exceedingly difficult to collect. Notwithstanding this difficulty, it is conservatively estimated that in Australia somewhere between 22,000 and 40,000 12 to 18 year old youths are homeless on any given night (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2011). Furthermore, it is anticipated that half of all Australia's homeless youths will access crisis accommodation on one or more occasion over the course of their period of homelessness (ABS, 2011; Chamberlain & MacKenzie, 2008). One purported reason for the high rate of youth homeless is that adolescence is the developmental period in which young people first become capable of looking after themselves outside of the confines of the family home. Of growing concern to the Australian Government is the realisation that, in 2008, 14% of all withinschool adolescents in the state of Victoria were found to be at-risk for homelessness (Bearsley-Smith, Bond, Littlefield, & Thomas, 2008). Historically, a formal definition of homelessness has also been difficult to formulate due to the heterogeneity of the homeless population and the temporal nature of the homelessness experience (Rossi, 1989). However, this situation changed somewhat in 1992 when Chamberlain and MacKenzie conceptualised a two-tiered (primary and secondary) definition of homelessness, which is now widely accepted. They conceptualised primary homelessness to be a habitation state in which individuals lack any form of permanent accommodation and, thus, routinely shelter/sleep in dilapidated buildings or public spaces. In contrast, they conceptualised secondary homelessness to be a habitation state in which individuals sleep/reside in transient or temporary accommodation, including, formal crisis accommodation and informal 'couchsurfing' in the homes of extended family members/friends. However, Chamberlain and MacKenzie's classification does not fully capture the complexity of displacement that can occur within different cultural groupings. For example, Memmott and colleagues (2005), in their examination of homelessness within Australia's Indigenous population, identified three distinct categories of 'You get forced to live with randoms ... and that makes you stronger as a person': Homeless Western Australian teenagers' perspectives on their experiences of residing in crisis accommodation


This dissertation uses genealogical discourse analysis to unpack recent Western conceptions of monogamy and non-monogamy in the public sphere. Beginning from the premise that discourses surrounding monogamy and non-monogamy (taken together as a system of non/monogamy) have come into particular prominence in recent years, this dissertation deploys a thread of queer theory focused on the study of broader conceptions of "intimacy" to explore the ramifications of such a prominence in the public sphere. More specifically, drawing on theorizations of spatiality (Temporary Autonomous Zones, Mapping/Reterritorialization, Heterotopia) and the concept of "privilege", I formulate the theoretical lens of "intimate privilege" to explore how non/monogamy is distributed throughout, takes up, and creates forms of intimate space. In exploding the overly-simple notion that monogamous sexuality is societally privileged, while non-monogamies are marginalized, I show how while there is a societal meta-narrative that centres monogamy, it is really the intersectionality of non/monogamy with other forms of privilege/oppression that truly locates a subject practicing (or connected to) non-monogamous intimacy as having intimate privilege, defined as the emergent state in which one's intimacies hold societal privilege. Engaging in theoretical and discursive analyses of the contemporary public sphere presences of three major forms of non-monogamy (adultery, polygamy and polyamory) through texts such as journalistic articles, policy documents, self-help literature, television programs and Internet sites, I continue the academic discussion surrounding non-monogamies that is just beginning to come into its own in the fields of social science and humanities, as well as to complicate less-nuanced discourses on non/monogamy that are circulating more broadly in the public sphere.


We are very pleased to announce the appointment of a new Editor to Food Additives and Contaminants. With immediate effect, Professor Dr Elke Anklam will become one of the three Editors of the journal. Professor Anklam is Deputy Director of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre's (JRC) Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) and Head of the IRMM's Food Safety and Quality Unit in Belgium. She studied food chemistry (University of Münster) and received a PhD in organic chemistry in 1984 (University of Hamburg). She held a post-doctoral position in 1985 in the group of Professor J. M. Lehn at the University of Strasbourg (financed by the Alexander von Humboldt foundation), and from 1986 to 1989 held a position in the Hahn Meitner Institute in Berlin (granted by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Grossforschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). She was appointed Professor of Food Chemistry and Chemistry at the Engineering School from 1990 to 1991 in Fulda, Germany. Since 1991, she has worked for the European Commission, initially at the Joint Research Centre in Ispra, Italy, where she was Head of the Food Products and Consumer Goods Unit (Institute for Health and Consumer Protection) and latterly at IRMM. Professor Anklam has published more than 180 papers and has given more than 240 oral and poster presentations in international workshops and conferences. She is a Titular Member of the IUPAC Division of Chemistry and the Environment and a Board Member of AOAC International. With a strong background in food chemistry and experience in food safety and quality Professor Anklam will greatly strengthen the Editorial Team of Food Additives and Contaminants.


Nonprofit management centers, dedicated to teaching the management of nonprofit organizations have become a mechanism through which higher education can become more responsive to the communities it serves and move beyond the boundaries of academic departments. This paper examines how centers can become more permanent or sustainable parts of their institutions while maintaining their positive distinction of flexibility and responsiveness. This paper is based on published literature about academic centers and draws on interviews of center directors and staff from six nonprofit management centers. The focus is on institutional stability and academic credibility. The paper assumes that centers are seeking sustainability and it proposes how centers might become sustainable through attention to funding, organizational fit, and community connections. Not all centers will want to sustain themselves; some may wish to become integrated into other segments of the university. Academic stability is most likely to be achieved when the mission of the center is consistent with that of the university and remains stable over time, with strong faculty connections to the university as a whole. (Contains 10 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


The amniotic membrane may be considered as an attractive dressing material. However, the applicationofa freshamnioninclinicalpracticemeetsseveralobstacles,mainlyitslimitedavailability, and possible risk of infectious factors transmission. Therefore, different procedures of sterilization and preservation of the amniotic membrane have been developed. Although these procedures destroy all viablecomponentsoftissue,thebiostaticamnioticdressingmaystilldisplaysomebeneficialproperties. The aim of the study was to explain a possible mechanism of its action using in vitro HaCaT cell proliferationassayandbiochemicalanalysisofacceleratedelectronbeam-sterilizedamnioticmembrane dressing.Thepresenceofbiologicallyactivefactorsintheamnionsampleswasassessedusingprotein microarray, whereas the amount and quality of hyaluronan was verified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/silver staining method. ThesterilizedamnioticmembranestimulatedHaCaTcellsproliferationinvitro.Interestingly,although hyaluronidase itself did not reveal toxicity against HaCaT cells, this effect was partially reduced by additionofhyaluronidasetotheculture.Asexpected,a gelelectrophoresishasconfirmedthepresence ofhighmolecularweighthyaluronanpolymersinamnioticdressing.Moreover,thesterilizationprocedure did not significantly influence the amount and quality of these molecules. A protein microarray analysis of radiation-sterilized amniotic membranes revealed significant amounts of various proliferation-stimulating factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), angiogenin (ANG), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) and serpin E1. It is plausible that all of them, together with high molecular weight hyaluronan polymers, could contribute to the proliferation-stimulating action of irradiated amniotic membrane dressing.


OBJECTIVE: Ventricular septum defect (VSD) can be defined as one or more openings located in the septum separating the left and right ventricle. Ventricular septal defects can be congenital or acquired. It is the most common congenital heart anomaly. In this article, we evaluated the VSDs that we treated surgically in our clinic in the light of the literature.MATERIAL AND METHODS: 68 VSD patients were intervened in our clinic. 39 cases were male (57.3%) and 29 cases were female (42.7%). The mean age was 9.10 ± 9.13 (1-48), and the mean weight was 25 ± 16.5 (7-75). When the preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional capacity (FC) was compared, FC-I was determined as 31 cases (45.5%), FC-II as 30 cases (44.1%), and FC-III as 7 cases (10.2%). The most common preoperative existing anomalies were 15 cases (22.05%) with aortic insufficiency (AR) and aortic valve prolapse (AVP); 18 cases (26.4%) ASD and 8 cases (11.7%) with PDA.RESULTS: When looking at the intervention methods according to VSD types, the most common cases of perimembranous type were right atriotomy in 53 cases (77.9%), right atriotomy in 1 case (1.4%) and tricuspid septal annulus radial incision; 8 cases of muscular type (11.7%) and right atriotomy and left ventriculotomy in 2 cases (2.9%) of Swiss-Chess type; Right ventriculotomy was preferred in 4 cases (5.8%) of DCJA (Doubly Committed Jukstaarterial) type. Between postoperative complications the most frequent one was residual VSD in 9 patients (15.3 %). Mortality was seen in 3 patients (5.09 %) with preoperative PAB 67±7.5 mmHg, LV- RV shunt 49±9.6 mmHg, Qp/Qs 4.7±3.87, PVR 7.5±4.6 values in follow-up. According to the comparison of the pre/postoperative NYHA and RVP statistics (p<0.05), the survival rate without reoperation was estimated as 93.2 %.CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart disease. The development of ECHO and cardiac angiography has a great share in the diagnosis and classification. It should be preferred to evaluate the defects very well and close them after 3 months.


Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is one of the most important technologies, which can be suitable replacement for conventional technologies at Nano-scale. The principle logic elements in the QCA technology are majority gates and inverters. In this paper, a novel design is proposed for 5-input majority gate in the QCA technology. The proposed 5-input majority gate uses half distance. The QCADesigner tool version 2.0.3 is utilized for verifying functionality and layout of the proposed majority gate. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed 5-input majority gate design provides significant improvements in the logical circuit design in terms of area and the number of required cells in comparison with other majority gates.


The article is devoted to digitalization in Germany, taking into account the historical context. The scientific novelty and relevance of the study lies in the fact that the German digital media history is examined against the background of the transformation of the media system, mainly after the reunification of the two German states. The scientific significance of the research results is that the following conflict is presented and resolved. On the one hand, Germany has long been ranked among the countries in which multimedia is actively involved in everyday life, and the problem of digital divide (digitale Kluft or digitale Spaltung), which caused heated discussion in the world in the mid-1990s not typical for an economically developed country like Germany. On the other hand, in 2018-2019 scientific publications appeared in which the country was presented as a digital outsider, which means that the federal governments strategy for the development of information and communication technologies has not been properly developed. The author studies digitalization in Germany in the following aspects: historical, substantial and economic, making an attempt to analyze the current situation.


def in i te in common. T h e Angel ic D o c t o r thus succeeds chiefly in p rov ing t h a t the doc t r ine of One M i n d leads to i ncu rab le pess imism a b o u t the in te l l igence of i n d i v i d u a l men ; a m a n ' s awareness , if i t is r educed to sense a n d ima g ina t i on , is no more c a p a b l e of benef i t ing f rom the p r o d u c t i v i t y of a pub l i c m i n d t h a n of gene ra t ing ideas on i ts own. Cogni t ive socia l i sm, Aqu inas warns , is cogni t ive a n a r c h y in disguise. W h a t the Angel ic D o c t o r f inds more diff icult to e s tab l i sh is t h a t his own p r i v a t e en te rp r i se does no t a m o u n t to t he s a m e th ing. F o r t he u n m a n a g e a b l e ax iom wi th which bo th pa r t i e s m u s t con tend is t h a t the u n i v e r s a l i t y of a " m a t e r i a l " fo rm is a d e b i l i t a t i n g ach ievement . T h e pr ice a fo rm p a y s for mu l t i p l e occur rence is an incomple teness of p resence h a r d l y d i s t i ngu i shab le f rom absence. Th i s is w h y i n d i v i d u a l s t h a t a re mere e x a m p l e s " m a t e r i a l " or " sens ib le" th ings r e s i s t comprehens ion . 5 T r u t h , if i t m u s t occur a t once to m a n y minds , wi l l be e i the r a vagueness or a discord. ' Cf. Nifo's version (quoted in Nardi, pp. 16, 18, 20 respectively): "Dicunt [Subgeriani] intellectum non esse totam hominis animam, sed quasi semianimam vel semiformam . . . cogitativum esse medietatem anime humane . . . Ut principium essendi copulatur nobis per essentiam, ut principium vero intelligendi copulatur nobis per phantasmata." "Addit [Subgerius] intelligentias esse individua eadem cum earum quidditatibus . . . . Intellectus ergo materialis [i.e., possibilis] erit individuus et singularis . . . . Vult ergo ipse intellectum, inquantum quidditas, partiri per materias informatas dimensionibus et cogitativis; inquantum est individuum, esse id per quod individuum hominis est hoc. Intellectus e rgo . . , est forma suo orbi." "Imaginatur [Subgerius] quod intellectus est eternus et natura humana est eterna, et quod intellectus non est forma Socratis aut Platonis nisi per copulationem intentionum imaginatarum secundum Averroym; sed est primo et per se forma et actus nature humane, et per accidens actus et perfectio secundum postremam perfectionem Socratis et Platonis et aliorum." Cf. Nardi, pp. 33 ft.: "Nel De unitate intellectus scriveva S. Tommaso: 'Procedunt autem ulterius, ex hoc concludere volentes quod nulla forma separata est una numero nec aliquid individuatum.' Nel De intellectu Sigieri rinunzia a questa tesi, se mai l'aveva sostenuta . . . . Universale e individuale insieme, l'intelletto possible, unico in s~, communica la propria individualit~ superiore ai singoli appartenenti alla specie umana, informando la 'cogitativa' di ciascuno e moltiplicandosi in essi, sl da potersi dire forma sostanziale di ciascuno." 5"Substantiae vero compositae . . .non sunt suae formae nec suum esse" (CTh CXI). "Huiusmodi formae ipsae quidem proprie loquendo non sunt, sed eis aliquid est. Sicut enim calor non calefacit, sed calidum, ita etiam calor non calidum est per se proprie loquendo, sed calidum est per calorem" (UI 212b). "Totum esse earum est in concretione ad materiam" (UI 213b). "Si aliqua forma nata est participari ab aliquo, ita quod sit actus alicuius materiae . . ." (UI 221b). "Natura enim formae materialis, cum ipsa non possit esse hoc aliquid completum in specie, cuius solum esse est incommunicabile, est communicabilis quantum est de ratione sua" (De principio individuationis 329a). "L's humaine, au contraire, plac~e plus bas sur l'~chelle des ~tres, appartient d~j~ ~ cet ordre de formes qui ne poss~dent pas assez de perfection pour subsister ~ l'~tat s~par~" (Etienne Gilson, Le Thomisme [Paris, 1947], p. 268). Of course, one may go a step further and argue that even a separate form is not wholly separate and hence not fully present, since it shares something with other forms--i.e, its formality or PADUAN EPISTEMOLOGY 347 But Aquinas' principal objection to the Averroist argument is that it rests on a false theory of human consensus: "We grant that what is understood is the same for all men, but by 'what is understood' I mean the object of understanding, and this is not the idea of the thing but what the thing is in itself. For understanding is not all of ideas, but of the natures of things, just as the object of sight is color, not the form (species) of color in the eye" (CTh LXXXV). The idea, as we learn, is admittedly another image (similitudo), no less individual for exemplifying only what is typical in its external model. It is merely a glass, one of many, in which individual minds may view, as in Perseus' mirror, the single "real" nature. But the rub is that the nature out there is not single, but a material form as much afflicted with a multiplicity of embodiments as the Thomistic idea with one of minds. Clearly the nature is freed, if at all, from dynamis only by becoming a presence. And the realization of this presence is the act of mind par excellence. It is to the act itself that Aquinas makes his final appeal: But i t is t rue tha t the nature of a stone as i t occurs in i ts instances is an object of understanding only as a dynamis . . . . Now, if understanding were an action tha t passed into an external subject matter , like burning and moving, i t would follow tha t understanding would exist in the same way tha t the [external] na ture really has being in its singulars, just as the fire's burning exists in the same way as tha t which can be burnt . But because understanding is an action tha t stays in tha t which understands, as Aristotle says in Book I X of the Metaphysics, i t follows t ha t understanding exists in the same way a.s t ha t which unders tandsin other words, according to the requirement of the form (species) by which the mind understands . . . . W h a t is understood by you and me is therefore one, bu t I unders tand it through one thing and you through another, i.e., another idea; and one mind is mine and the other yours . . . . Consequently, when my mind understands tha t i t is understanding, i t understands a certain singular act ion; bu t when i t understands understanding as such, i t understands something universal; for i t is not singularity tha t conflicts with the capacity to be understood, but materiali ty. [UI 222b] There are, then, not one but two sorts of individuals, the ideas or mind and the "material" instances from which it is distilled. Mind, unlike body, is a form and not a mere example of one. Only instances or embodiments have the innate weakness of not being their own form, and they are no concern of the mind, but of the senses. So the mind, untroubled by matter, is absorbed in its own ideas or form, a sinless Narcissus. This account, however, does not speak to the most recalcitrant point. The universality of the medium of understanding (material or not) has yet to be explained. I t would still seem that minds are rescued from dynamis only by not holding their form in common, in short by having nothing in common: "For they do not differ from one another by a material difference, since they are imfinite being: "L'acte d'exister se sp~cifie donc par ce que lui manque, si bien qu'ici c'est la puissance qui determine l'acte, en ce sens du moins que son degr~ propre de potential i t~ est inscrit dans chaque acte fini d'exister" (Gilson, p. 54) . "S i nous supposons une forme de nature d~termin~e et qui subsiste par soi hors de toute mati~re, cette nature est encore ~ l '4gard de son exister dans le rapport de la puissance ~ l 'acte" (Gilson, p. 232). "Libre de toute potentiali t~ l'~gard de la mati~re, cette substance reste n4anmoins en puissance ~ l'4gard de son propre esse" (Gilson, p. 236). Only God is, a t last, a pure individual--unique, fully present, and in no sense a mere instance. 348 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY material. So that if they are more than one, it must be by a difference in form, which constitutes a difference in species" (CTh LXXXVII) . This applies, Aquinas' adversaries insist, to men as well as angels: Since i t has been shown tha t the mind is a substance subsisting in its own being, bu t tha t there are numerically no more than one intellectual substance in a single spec ies . . , i t follows that , if there is numerically one mind in me and another in you, the minds differ in species as well, and thus t ha t you and I are no t of the same species . . . . If, then, there is in all men one mind in species bu t more than one in number, we must assume something tha t will cause one mind to differ in number from another . . . . Since a mind is no t made up of mat te r and f o r m . . . i t follows tha t every difference tha t could be received according to what proceeds from the substance of the mind must be a formal difference, and one tha t di= versifies species. I t therefore remains tha t the mind of one man could not differ in number from the mind of another except on account of the diversity of bodies; when the several bodies are destroyed, therefore, i t seems t ha t many minds do not remain, bu t only one. [CTh L X X X V ] But even after the death of bodies, Aquinas insists, equivalent principles remain that still make it possible to speak of mind as many individuals; namely, the "individuating principles," "unibilities," or "corporeities." However, it is perhaps worthy of note that according to the opposition the number of the "individuating principles," whether bodies or "corporeit, ies," is attributed to the mind, not strictly, but merely by association.


ABSTRACT This article examines how the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk, Poland, employs an immersive virtual reality (VR) experience 'Postcard from the Uprising' (Kartka z Powstania) in order to build an affective memory regime that prescribes an emotional repertoire for museum audiences. By engaging in a narrative inquiry of the VR experience, I demonstrate how it evokes the emotional dynamic of ressentiment, which has been identified as the affective driver of right-wing populism and which informs the historical policy of Poland's ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party. The ressentimentful emotional regime is predicated on (1) the repeated re-experiencing of perceived injustice and victimhood, which requires (2) an outlet of negative emotions directed at the enemy and (3) a reclaiming of self-worth and dignity along with an ennobled and morally superior victimhood position. The VR experience functions as an emotion training device through which 'appropriate' emotions towards the past are instilled in the audience. The VR narrative transforms collective historical victimhood from a powerless to a morally superior position and may help the PiS in harnessing feelings of injustice and victimhood present among the museum visitors, who yearn to overcome these feelings and reclaim their self-worth and dignity.


Researchers in universities in the western 'world are under increasing pressure from their governments to undertake more applied and socially useful research which is seen to be relevant to national needs. Australia is no exception. In the last few years several government initiated reviews of the management of research and the distribution of research funds in Australian universities have recommended concentration and selectivity in research funding in order to achieve the Government's aims. In 1988 restructuring of the tertiary education system, foreshadowed a year earlier, was begun. Research is one of the many areas which will be affected ‐‐ its funding, its administration and possibly also its direction. This paper outlines the ways in which research in Australian universities was supported before the changes were announced and describes how the universities allocated the government's earmarked Special Research Grant.


This paper describes experiments aimed at the development of a convenient method of determining the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of lignins and lignin-like polymers. As a model, a polymer of coniferyl alcohol prepared by enzymatic dehydrogenation was fractionated on columns of Sephadex G 75, G 100 and a mixture of G 75, G 100 and G 200 of equal volumes swollen in dimethyl sulphoxide. The columns were calibrated by means of sharp fractions obtained by preparative fractionation characterized independently by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation. From the elution curve of the sample and the calibration curve the molecular weight and its distribution were calculated. The assumption that the system predicts the molecular weight and its distribution correctly was tested by running a sample whose molecular weight distribution was known by ultracentrifugation. The distribution calculated from the gel column chromatograph was found to coincide with that obtained by ultracentrifugation. The molecular weights and their distributions obtained on milled wood lignin samples by this method appear to be reasonable.


Objective
To investigate the causes and preventive measures for deviation of guide needle in orthopedics robot surgery.

Methods
A robotic surgery was simulated on a wooden stick.The guide needle was inserted under the guidance of the robot.A lateral deviation force was applied respectively onto the tail and tip of the needle.The actual offset distance at the guide needle tip was measured and compared with the 1 mm offset allowed by robot monitoring.

Results
The offset distance of the guide needle tip was 0.5+0.07 mm when the deviation force was applied onto the tail, significantly smaller than the 1mm offset allowed by the robot monitoring (t=22.588, P<0.001).The offset distance of the guide needle tip was 4.92+0.16 mm when the deviation force was applied onto the tip, significantly larger than the 1 mm offset allowed by the robot monitoring (t=77.476, P<0.001).

Conclusions
The deviation of guide needle may be caused chiefly by the deviation force onto the tip.As the actual offset distance of the guide needle tip may be larger than that shown on the robot monitor in orthopedics robotic surgery, the intraoperative monitoring should serve only as a reference to the deviation of the guide needle.The operative details may be the key to prevention of such deviations.

Key words:
Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Robot; Surgical procedures, minimally; Guide needle


Parameters in a data carrier circuit having (2) (1) by the circuit (2) to implement a pointing device (3), the indication means (3) can be used to determine the effect of the data carrier (1) with respect to the at least one threshold value is changed, the at least one threshold parameter range separates the first and second parameters, the device is designed after the first time change occurs, indicating that the changes permanently.


Satellite Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising way to provide seamless coverage to a massive number of devices all over the world, especially in remote areas not covered by cellular networks, e.g., forests, oceans, mountains, and deserts. In general, satellite IoT networks take low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites as access points, which solves the problem of wide coverage, but leads to many challenging issues. We first give an overview of satellite IoT, with an emphasis on revealing the characteristics of IoT services. Then, the challenging issues of satellite IoT, i.e., massive connectivity, wide coverage, high mobility, low power, and stringent delay, are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the possible solutions to these challenges are provided. In particular, new massive access protocols and techniques are designed according to the characteristics and requirements of satellite IoT. Finally, we discuss several development trends of satellite IoT to stimulate and encourage further research in such a broad area.


This qualitative research uses a methodology of literature review, analysis and phenomenological analysis. Currently, there are reports of non-prescribed use, by healthy people, of drugs for the treatment of cognitive ailments. Such intake has been carried out for the purpose of enhancing specific cognitive abilities such as memory, concentration and reaction capacity. This non-recommended use of drugs has been documented through a series of research and surveys that find an upward trend in the consumption of these drugs, especially in specific sectors of the popula - tion


This paper is prepared with the objective of knowing the recommended health solutions features of mobile healthcare applications that will be offered to users of digital technology services based on their demographics, such as gender, age, income level, ownership of health insurance coverage and limited personal medical history. Research was conducted using 2 (two) methodologies, starting with qualitative approach by interviewing 12 respondents over the age of 30 years, middle-income and digital technology users to explore the issues related to current health services and alternative solution desires of some mobile application features health, and then followed by quantitative research through filling questionnaires on google form of 200 respondents sent email and whatsapp. From this research, we find most popular features of mobile health applications and have the potential to be developed further in the development of mobile health application business through the creation of market place related to the needs of doctor, ambulance, drug and patients.


of common themes, not the least important of which is the insistence on retaining personal integrity and ~ndiJvidua'!'ity and the deploring of the tendency to gather handicapped people into tidy diagnostic groups, both in homes and social dubs, thus aggravating their isolation, emphasising their "difference" and discouraging the integration into society for which they all long. The publisher's write-up on the dustcover refers to "these . . . often amusing essays", but read wil\:'h insight most of the toucihes of humour mask a thinfyveiled frustration, bitterness or aggression confirmed by the frequency of the use ~f the word "cripple", with its loaded overtones implying inferiorjty and rejection. Problems of sexual frustration are frankly mentioned and there is much reference to difficulties of adaptation, as would be expected since oniy two of the writers suffer from congenital disabrlities. Honesty and insight are Sltri'king inasmuch as rio-one claims complete, finai acceptance of his condition, though many stress the will to live and to fight back, to compromise when necessary and to solve what Henry Reed described as "the ever-important question of human balance". As Dr. Peter Townsend remarks in his foreword, this is not a comfortable book, but H wi'l:] have succeeded in its aim if it brings home the message of Paul Hunt, editor and himself one of the contributors, thalt "there is really no such thing as a disabled person, only people who have disabilrties." M. M. Smith, MAO.T.


The laser refrigeration of solid-state materials with nanoscale dimensions has been demonstrated for both semi- conducting (cadmium sulfide, CdS) and insulating dielectrics (Yb:YLiF4, YLF) in recent years. During laser refrigeration it is possible to observe morphology dependent resonances (MDRs), analogous to what is well- known in classical (Mie) light scattering theory, when the characteristic dimensions of the nanostructure are comparable to the wavelength of light used to initiate the laser cooling process. Mie resonances can create substantial increases for internal optical fields within a given nanostructure with the potential to enhance the absorption efficiency at the beginning of the cooling cycle. Recent breakthroughs in the laser refrigeration of semiconductor nanostructures have relied on materials that exhibit rectangular symmetry (nanoribbons). Here, we will present recent analytical, closed-form solutions to the energy partial differential equation that can be used to calculate the internal spatial temperature profile with a given semiconductor nanoribbon during irradiation by a continuous-wave laser. First, the energy equation is made dimensionless through the substitution of variables before being solved using the classical separation-of-variables approach. In particular, calculations will be presented for chalcogenide (CdS) nanoribbons using a pump wavelength of 1064 nm. For nanostructures with lower symmetry (such as YLF truncated tetragonal bipyramids) it is also possible to observe MDRs through numerical simulations using either the discrete dipole approximation or finite-difference time-domain simulations, and the resulting temperature profile can be calculated using the finite element method. Theoretical predictions are presented using parameters that will allow comparison with experimental data in the near future.


Considering the difficulty in the diagnosis of compound faults in rolling bearings, the paper combines Intrinsic Time-scale Decomposition (ITD) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for extracting the characteristics of compound faults from rolling bearings. Rotational components obtained from ITD decomposition are denoised according to Singular Value Decomposition algorithm; signal is reconstructed by denoised rotational components; at last, characteristics of compound faults of rolling bearings are extracted by Hilbert spectrum envelope of reconstructed signal. In validation, the paper has made a comparative study on the proposed ITD-SVD method and conventional one based on ITD algorithm and PCA method, and the result shows that ITD-SVD method works better on noise control and thereby provides more precise extraction of characteristic frequency of compound faults from rolling bearings of aero-engine.


The article analyzes the formulations of Roberto Schwarz about the world and Brazilian contemporary, which are inseparable. We will take as objects of analysis some of the tests that the critic published in several of his books, from the householder and other studies , passing the time ?, by Brazilian sequences and reaching Martinha versus Lucrezia. The interpretation proposed text is that Schwarz's work can be interpreted as a constant reflection - so always up to date - on the impasses of Brazilian modernization In this sense, the work will also seek to observe how the materialist dialectic method used by Schwarz , It may indicate the connections between the various plans that make up the national life.


Among alternative anode materials for high-temperature fuel cells, the complex ceramic oxide La0,75Sr0,25Mn0,5Cr0,5O3 (LSCM) has recently shown good catalytic activity regarding fuel oxidation and sufficient stability in reductive environments at relatively low steam-to-carbon ratios. However, the electrical and ionic conductivities of LSCM are lower compared to some other perovskite materials. One of the possibilities to improve the conductivity of LSCM is in its composition variations, i.e., altering the Sr-content, doping on the A-site of the perovskite with other ions (Ba, Ca and Mg), and varying the Mn-to-Cr ratio on the B-site of the perovskite. In this paper, systems with the general formula La0.75SrxA0.25-xCr0.5Mn0.5O3 (A = Ba, Ca, Mg, x varies between 0 and 0.25) are described. Within the investigated system, prepared materials after synthesis contain the perovskite structure as a main crystallographic phase with relatively low additions of secondary phases. Any secondary phases are undesired, because they may substantially influence the electrical properties of the final materials. In samples with relatively high Sr-additions, a secondary Sr-rich phase Sr2CrO4 is also identified. Ca-doping may result in traces of CaCr2O4 phase in as-synthesized samples, while Ba-doping may lead to BaCrO4 or BaCO3 phases with higher Ba-additions. The quantity of the secondary phases may be controlled by calcination program or sintering conditions. Secondary phases, which may form additional grains or liquid phase, also influence the development of microstructures during sintering. Within the investigated compositions, the most promising materials are La0.75SrxCa0.25-xCr0.5Mn0.5O3 (x = 0.05–0.15), because they exhibit single-phase microstructure with fine grains after sintering at 1200 °C. Materials with Baor Mg-additions form precipitates of secondary phases at 1200 °C, which also remain present after sintering at higher temperatures.


We examined nitrogen (N) uptake in seven grassland streams lying in catchments along a gradient (0–84%) of agricultural land use in New Zealand using a stable isotope (15N) addition of NH4+ to quantify whole‐stream uptake rates and uptake by specific compartments within the streams. Whole‐stream uptake of NH4+ ranged from 1.2 mmol N m−2 min−1 to 7.9 mmol N m−2 min−1 and showed no evidence of strong saturation of uptake with increasing NH4+ availability along the land use gradient. The relatively simple pattern of increasing N uptake along the gradient occurred despite substantial shifts in uptake among community members. Uptake of NH4+ by epilithic biofilms followed a subsidy‐stress relationship, with highest uptake rates at intermediate levels of pastoral development and lowest uptake rates at high pastoral development. At high (>60%) pastoral development, reduced uptake by epilithon was compensated for by enhanced uptake by macrophytes. Compensatory uptake can play an important role in streams when community composition is reorganized by human activity.


We introduce Hamiltonian systems and derive an important stability result, along with giving some physical motivation. We then move onto the generalization of these systems found in symplectic geometry. Next we consider symplectic geometry's natural generalization, Poisson geometry. After giving some definitions we present the motivating example of the torqueless Euler equations. These motivate us to consider the abstract structure of Poisson geometry, but we first need to introduce some concepts from multivector calculus. Finally we arrive at some important results connecting symplectic geometry and Poisson geometry, including the Darboux-Weinstein theorem.


The young people belong to the largest peer group in history. They live in a rapidly changing world faced with many pressures and challenges and are ill-equipped to tackle their problems. Education is the bedrock of development but in a global world, it is bisected with myriads of problems ranging from poor teaching approaches to paucity of quality teachers and polluted learning environment. The teachers' approaches should be able to prepare learners for challenges of the 21 century. This qualitative study is an attempt to explore the interactive approaches to music education in this era of information technology. This study which is anchored on constructivism theory argues that learning is a process of making meaning and that young people in this global world can develop their existing knowledge and understanding in music education through active interactive approaches to achieve deeper levels of understanding. It concludes by recommending that music teachers at all levels should brace themselves with the life challenges of Nigerian youths to develop in the students, life skills, entrepreneurial thinking and workforce.


The algorithm and software for search and study of orthogonal bases matrices – minimax matrices (M-matrix) are considered. The algorithm scheme is shown, comments on calculation blocks are given, and interface of the MMatrix software system developed with participation of the authors is explained. The results of the universal algorithm work are presented as Hadamard matrices, Belevitch matrices (C-matrices, conference matrices) and matrices of even and odd orders complementary and closely related to those ones by their properties, in particular, the matrix of the 22-th order for which there is no C-matrix. Examples of portraits for alternative matrices of the 255-th and the 257-th orders are given corresponding to the sequences of Mersenne and Fermat numbers. A new way to get Hadamard matrices is explained, different from the previously known procedures based on iterative processes and calculations of Lagrange symbols, with theoretical and practical meaning.


Providing air traffic service to more than one aerodrome is a key concept within Remote Tower. So-called Multiple Remote Tower Operations (MRTO) are expected to be more cost-efficient and user-friendly. On the one hand, their anticipated benefit is to maintain smaller airports that are currently non-profitable due to low traffic numbers, high staff-and tower maintenance costs. On the other hand, MTRO offer equally distributed and constant activity for air traffic controllers (ATCOs), with the expectation to lower risks of human error due to boredom or sleepiness at work. However, multiple tasking challenges arise if one ATCO needs to handle traffic at three airports simultaneously. Thus, combinations of visual, audio, vocal and haptic tasks need to be performed for more than just one location. Therefore, this paper addresses the impact of simultaneous movements on perceived safety, workload and task difficulty. Descriptive results show that with the increase of simultaneous movements, providing ATC is perceived as being more efficiency-critical, more demanding in workload and task difficulty increases as well. It was not tested if the differences were significant, since statistical conditions have not been met. Results show that no situation containing simultaneous movements was perceived as a threat to safety, good workload or the ability to provide ATC. The discussion shows why the impact of simultaneous movements might not only affect MRTO but also single remote or conventional tower environments.


As the development of ship software systems has followed the growth curve of digital technologies, Marine & Offshore assessors, like Bureau Veritas, are lacking dedicated software safety assessment standards and tools compared to other industrial sectors like railways or aeronautics. Indeed, in this field of Marine & Offshore, software systems are seen as black-boxes, i.e. only assessed through system testing without specific requirements for the software development. Given the impacts of software failures on human, strategic, economic, or environmental aspects, this approach is not sufficient. From this statement and because usual safety standards are very demanding in terms of development processes, Bureau Veritas has decided to issue pragmatic guidelines for the development and the assessment of industrial software. They are focusing on development processes and the use of efficient tools to verify software through a white-box approach. In this context Bureau Veritas has partnered with CEA-List which is a major actor in applied formal verification techniques. This paper is illustrated by a use case with Sirehna for the implementation of those guidelines on a critical ship software system.


A brief summary is presented of results pertaining to excited states of the p(i70) obtained from analyses of LASS and MARK III data. The interpretation of these states in the context of the quark model is discussed.


We report a novel methodology of fabricating sub-micron spherical atomic force microscope (AFM) tip controllably - a silicon sub-micron sphere atop microcantilevers, which is desired for precise nanoscale tribology measurement, biology study and colloidal science. Silicon sub-micron spheres are fabricated through swelling of single-crystal silicon with proper high-energy helium ion dosing, a traditionally undesired phenomenon known in helium ion microscopy. Silicon sub-micron spheres with diameter from 100 nm to 1 μm are demonstrated and the placement of silicon sub-micron spheres can be as accurate as 10 nm or even below. This AFM tip demonstrated robust measurements for friction tests on graphene / silicon oxide substrate for more than 10000 cycles. This AFM tip solves a critical challenge of reducing the size of spherical AFM tips from micrometer scale to sub-micron scale and is promising in cross-scale mechanics study, nanotribology, colloidal science and biology.


Background & Aim: The fact that the nursing profession is seen as a female profession deepens gender discrimination in the nursing profession. This research aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the gender attitudes of nursing students towards the nursing profession and study the psychometric properties thereof.
Methods & Materials: The study is methodological research. The research was conducted with 238 nursing students at a public university in Türkiye.
Results: Exploratory factor analysis reduced the total number of items from 41 to 10. 10 items categorized under three factors were determined to explain 57.11% of the total variance. The total Cronbach Alpha value of the scale is .62. The scale consists of 3 factors entitled "Male Gender Role", "Professional Stereotypes," and "Gender Discrimination", which further include a total of 10 items.
Conclusion: The scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the gender attitudes of nursing students toward the nursing profession.


We examined the chest CT findings in 12 cases of intralobar pulmonary sequestration. We classified 4 subtypes by evaluating bronchial and alveolar structures, thus: type A (3 cases), mild cylindrical dilatation of the bronchial structure and hyperlucent alveolar structure; type B (3 cases), marked cylindrical dilatation of the bronchial structure and hyperlucent alveolar structure; type C (2 cases), multicystic dilatation of the bronchial structure and alveolar structure without hyperlucency; and type D (4 cases), multicystic dilatation of the bronchial structure and absence of any alveolar structure. All 77 cases (present and previously reported cases) with CT-documented intralobar pulmonary sequestration could be classified into 4 subtypes: type A 9%, type B 34%, type C 19%, and type D 38%. We concluded that these 4 types were useful for the radiological diagnosis of intralobar pulmonary sequestration.


Objectives: To discuss the difference of PBL model and traditional education model in obstetrics and gynecology education.Methods: Revision of education outline of obstetrics and gynecology and collection of the PBL cases.The PBL model was performed in education,and the education effect was evaluated by examination and table analysis.Results: PBL model is proved to be better than the traditional education model in clinical thought culture and autonomous study motivation and cooperation ability.Conclusion: Compared with the traditional education model,PBL model is of significance in modern medical education.


This work focuses on the validation and application of solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC) analysis of important endocrine disruptors compounds (EDC) from different classes in highly complex wastewater matrix. The endocrine disruptors investigated included three different categories: pharmaceuticals (sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), trimethoprim (TMP) and diclofenac (DCF)), hormones (estrone (E1), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and 17β-estradiol (E2)) and plastic materials (bisphenol A (BPA)). The method involves pre-concentration by SPE using Strata-X extraction cartridges followed by HPLC coupled with diode array detector (DAD). As the assumption of homoscedasticity was met for analytical data, ordinary linear regression procedure was applied to the data. The method was considered validated for 7 EDC after consistent evaluation of the key analytical parameters. Recoveries were ranged from 52.3 to 179.6%. Limits of quantification were in the range 6.0-0.4 μg L. The described method was applied to evaluate the occurrence and removal efficiency of EDC in two biological sewage treatment plants (STPs). The influent mean concentrations of E1, E2 and EE2 hormones were 79.54; 175.09 and 102.19 μg L, respectively, while for SMZ, TMP, DCF and BPA were 215.17; 187.01; 218.97 and 87.12 μg L for STP A, respectively. The efficiencies for the removal of EDCs ranged from 0 to 79.4%.


Overview:The molecular biology of the BCR-ABL1-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has witnessed unprecedented advances since the discovery of the acquired JAK2 V617F mutation in 2...


A sensitivity analysis of the operation parameters and the chemical properties in the thermochemical hydrogen production IS process (iodine-sulfur process) was carried out for a static flow sheet. These parameters were evaluated by hydrogen production thermal efficiency, the mass flow rate or heat exchange based on the heat/mass balance. The most important parameters were the concentration of HI after electro-electrodialysis (EED) and the apparent transport number of protons of the cation exchange membrane in the EED cell. HI concentration operation should be operated carefully because the parameters for optimum thermal efficiency and for the optimum flow rate and heat exchange were different. For the chemical properties, composition at the inlet of the HI decomposition procedure and HIx pseudo-azeotropic composition had great effects. The HI concentration after the EED should be optimized for each composition. The order of priority for the assessment of the operation parameters and chemical properties was determined by the evaluation.


This paper presents the efficiency investigation of a fully on-chip DC-DC step-up converter realized in a standard 130 nm CMOS technology and its comparison to previous works. Research is mainly focused on finding the optimum operation point to provide the high output power and conversion efficiency of the on-chip converter solution. The obtained output voltage of 1.2 V shows 98.6 % efficiency of power conversion, and the maximum output power of 6 mW is achieved. Another performed analysis has been focused on impact of inductor properties as well as impact of the control circuit on the main parameters of the developed boost voltage converter.


ERP systems have been studied in various situations and contexts, both geographical and social and economic. By its turn, institutionalization of Management Accounting practices has also received attention. Wether it's in the context of business process reengineering, large companies against small companies, developed countries or not, in family businesses or even under regulatory pressures, several research methods have investigated how the practice of Management Accounting in the institutional environment develops and evolves, aiming to shed light on the processes of change and make them less expensive and more successful. This paper, through a case study, analyzed the process of institutionalization of the Management Accounting practices as a result of the implementation and usage of an ERP system in a small business retailer. The results obtained through interviews point to the fact that using a new system, even years after implementation, did not contribute to the change in management practices of the company analyzed, keeping the previous practices, although operational processes have evolved as a result of the system's implementation. Thus, it is possible to conclude that, if one disregards pre-existing institutions in the change process, implementing new ERP systems is not enough to cause disruptions to institutionalize new management accounting practices. It is recommended that this research be replicated in small businesses in similar situations in order to understand why ERP systems may not be useful for institutionalizing Management Accounting practices.


Optical networks that apply the technology of dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) have recently resulted in a considerable increase in existing telecommunications infrastructures. They are expected to play a significant role in the next generation networks and the future Internet. This is because these networks can support a large variety of services having very different requirements in terms of bandwidth, latency, reliability and other features. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a forward Raman amplification WDM Optical Network in terms of output noise power, signal power and pump power. Results show that an increase in pump power leads to an increase in the output noise power, while a continuous increase in fibre lengths leads to an exponential drop in the output pump power which leads to an increase in the output signal power.


Noam Chomsky is considered by the majority of his fellow linguists as the most important and influential linguist of the last two decades. Even those who do not (fully) accept his views cannot deny the enormously stimulating effect of his writings on the field, and his r61e in determining the evolution of linguistic theories within what has come to be known as the 'Chomskyan paradigm'. Any new book by him is thus an event of the greatest significance, even when it consists as the work under review does mostly of previously published works. The book being reviewed includes four essays previously published between 1973 and 1976; these are: (i) 'Questions of form and interpretation', published in LAn 1 (1975); (ii) 'On the nature of language', published in Harnad et al (1976); (iii) 'Conditions on transformations', published in Anderson and Kiparsky (1973); (iv) 'Conditions on rules of grammar', published in LAn 2 (1976). There is also an introduction which states that the four essays 'fall within the framework of the socalled "extended standard theory" (EST)' (1) and 'represent ongoing work' (2). Thus, the particular version of EST presented in this book (called the R(evised) E(xtended) S(tandard) T(heory) in Fiengo, 1977) goes beyond the early EST of Jackendoff (1972) and Chomsky (1972), and has in turn undergone subsequent refinements and revisions (some of which are mentioned in the introduction), in particular, in Chomsky (1977), Chomsky and Lasnik (1977) and Chomsky (1978); reference to some of the innovations introduced in the last three works will be made in what follows. In the remainder of this review, I propose (i) to outline the major ways in which REST differs from its predecessors (i.e. the S(tandard) T(heory) of Chomsky (1965) and early EST), and (ii) to briefly consider one (promising, in my view) direction in which the theory seems to be moving. Much like ST and earlier versions of EST, REST views a grammar as consisting of base, transformational, phonological and semantic components (5-6); however, REST differs from its predecessors both in the internal organization of (some of) its components and in the manner in which the various components interrelate. Some but not all of these differences can be detected by examining the overall model of a linguistic description exhibited in Figure 1 (adapted from Chomsky & Lasnik (1977) and the fourth of the present essays), and by comparing it with the models proposed in Chomsky (1965) and Jackendoff (1972). (I assume familiarity with these.) In Figure 1, small capitals indicate levels of representation, lower case letters indicate components, and the components separated by the vertical line are independent of one another.


The performance and degradation mechanism of a pilot-scale bio-trickling filter(Φ 300×2 000 mm) for treating organic waste vapors produced from printing and coating facilities was investigated under two different intermittent loading conditions.The bio-filter was started by adding P.putida consortium using a "gas-liquid phase joint inoculation" method and an "inducer-target graded acclimation" method.The results show that the bio-filter is effective for treating organic waste vapors during the daytime operating period.When the inlet gas concentration is in the range of 550-750 mg/m3 the empty bed residence time(EBRT) is 30.3 s and the elimination efficiency of TVOC,toluene and ethyl acetate are greater than 85%,95% and 80%,respectively.Two days of contaminant loading after the weekend shutdown period were required to regain the full elimination capacity.A closed-system batch experiment on aerobic toluene degradation showed that there are several intermediates,such as catechol and benzyl alcohol,that accumulate during bio-degradation.The good performance is demonstrably due to the oxidation of intermediates linked to biomass synthesis during shutdown periods.


The factors resulting in the violent vibration of the power building floor and the crack of the runner are investigated under the practical situation of Yantan water power plant.Synthetical measures of adopting negative rake angle blades,increasing blade number,reducing optimum unit speed and CFD analysis are used to develop a new runner A773a that is replaced of the former runner to minimize the vibration level of hydroelectric sets in Yantan water power plant.The comparison test under the same conditions of model runner A773a and the former runner is carried out,the test result of runner A773a shows that the violent vibration of the power building floor may be eliminated.The results based on FEM(Finite Element Method) analysis approve that the crack of the runner is also avoided in Yantan water power plant.In addition,the proposed synthetical measures may be referable to other large hydraulic turbine units to minimize the vibration and crack.


a possibly a very distant Sc viewed in UV. aa " tadpole " with R head and B tail b asymmetrical.


This bachelor thesis n the introductory part deals with the classify of all used diesel injection systems. Subsequently, the work focuses on the division into individual emission standards Euro, according to the quantity of emitted pollutants. It also focuses on the individual com-ponents of the exhaust gases of diesel engines, their impact on the environment and humans. Also gives a description of the individual systems, reducing the amount of exhaust gases from diesel engines. The thesis describes the types of biofuels, focusing on biodiesel and impact of biodiesel burning on the amount of exhaust emissions. Finally, it is connected simulation and calculation of the amount of emissions emitted during the passage of vehicles through the town or on the circuit.


Using a new piecewise linear fitting method,the trend breaks of summer rainfall in North China during 1968-2000 are tested.Results show that an interdecadal trend breakpoint of summertime rainfall in North China exists in 1977.The anomalies of 500hPa geopotential height distribute adversely before and after the trend breakpoint.Comparing with polynomial estimate method,the location of trend breakpoints can be ascertained exactly and its physical meaning is more reasonable.The analysis results of the variations of vapor transport flux and sensible heat flux show that meridional vapor transport flux varies from strong to weak before and after the decadal trend break.The change of sensible heat flux maybe cause weak trend of summer monsoon and decrease trend of summer rainfall in North China.


The title compound, C17H17NO3, crystallizes in a zwitterionic form with cationic iminium and anionic enolate groups. The zwitterion exists in a trans configuration about the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 13.42 (7)°. The methoxy group is almost coplanar [C—O—C—C = 2.1 (2)°] with the attached ring whereas the allyl unit is oriented at a dihedral angle of 67.9 (1)°. An intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, the molecules are linked into zigzag chains along [010] by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In addition, weak C—H⋯π interactions are observed.


Some soil scientists in Taiwan made their studies in the effort to rearrange the soil series of rural and hill soils into a more simple and useful "soil management group" to be used by the farmers and policy makers, in terms of soil management group and improvement of soil fertility. The selected soil indicators of soil management grouping system are soil depth, soil texture, drainage, and soil reaction, and they are easily identified in the field. Based upon this grouping system, 924 soil series are classified into 45 soil management groups. 


In shrimp culture, various diseases, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in particular, has been emerging as a serious constraint affecting shrimp culture in Bangladesh. In this study, effort has been given assessing the risk factors for WSSV outbreak under which 72 farms were investigated belonging 4 Upazilas of Bagerhat (Kochua, Rampal, Fakirhat) and Khulna (Paikgacha) district of Bangladesh from January to June 2011. Major scenario depicted improved traditional culture method. PCR test has been carried out to confirm WSSV infection. About 20 factors were considered in assessing the association of WSSV outbreak. Study revealed significant correlation with some factors like accessibility of cattle (r=0.630, p≤.01) and linked up with other ghers (r=0.754, p≤.01) within a cluster (Spearman's rho correlation coefficient test). Pearson Correlation coefficient for salinity found to have significant correlation with the risk of WSSV infection (r= -0.727, p≤.01), followed by temperature (0.624, p≤.01) and average depth (-0.618, p≤.01), however, feeding kept 30.6% farms away from the outbreak followed by sludge removal (26.39% farms). On the contrary, uses of river water directly into the ghers pose 38.9% risk of being attacked which is absolutely nill and 1.4% for the underground and rain water respectively. Disease prone months found in March to June and out of the four upazilas, Fakirhat found to be less infected due to better management. Therefore, ensuring proper gher management practice, virus free Pl, awareness buildup at the farmer level and community based farm management development can act as preventive measures in reducing the risk of WSSV infection.


Behavioral reinforcement by stimulation of diencephalic structures is by now well established. Delgado, Roberts, and Miller ('54), after the work of Hess ('54), Gastaut et al. ( ' 5 2 ) , Kaada, ('51), and Masserman ('41, '42) , established negative reinforcement to diencephalic stimulation in the region of the ventral posterior thalamic nuclei. Work of our own (Olds and Milner, '54; Olds, '56, '60) has established positive reinforcement on stimulation in a system based in medial forebrain bundle regions of the lateral hypothalamus and also in the other brain regions tied together by the widely distributed medial forebrain bundle. Roberts ('58a, b), Brown and Cohen ('59), and Bower and Miller ('58) have indicated some regions where both approach and avoidance are evoked by stimulation of the same point. Brodie et al. ('60) have shown, to the contrary, that some points yielding positive reinforcement in medial forebrain bundle regions of the macaque could not be made to yield any escape or avoidance reactions at all. Lilly ('58) has reported a focal point near the anterior commissure of the macaque where approach was produced by very low stimulation levels, and a point much lower (near the optic chiasma) where escape was produced by very low stimulation levels. In the rat, we ('60) have found points in medial forebrain bundle regions where stimulation produced positive reinforcement only, points in dorsomedial tegmentum where stimulation produced negative reinforcement only, and points in between these two types, where stimulation produced both positive and negative reinforcement. Questions remain unanswered concerning the pervasiveness of the areas of pure positive reinforcement, of pure negative reinforcement, and of overlap. More specifically, the questions are concerned with which areas are involved in each phenomenon. The present study takes up these questions with respect to diencephalic centers and some bordering regions of midbrain and telencephalon in the rat.


The concept of experiential learning has long embedded the process of reflection into the prescribed learning process (Kolb, 1984 Perkins and Rao 1990,2005, Cheetham and Chivers, 2001, McKnight and Sechrest, 2003) as a widely accepted practice that is useful and effective in furthering the learning that happens in the "experience". In the midst of these student reflections are references to changing worldviews, value shifts and individual development. These concepts represent the ineffable and therefore are hard to capture through student interaction and corresponding measurement. However, these reflective concepts merit exploration and need further analysis. This paper illustrates an initial attempt to measure value development and the use of reflection to assess the change in values observed during experiential learning, provides a thorough review of the literature surrounding these concepts framing the study and its methodology, initial results and plans for ongoing research. Engaged Learning


The article is devoted to the study of ethnocultural features in the Chuvash Republic at the present stage. This problem is topical from the point of view of regional ethnic processes, as well as the strategy of national state policy. The authors analyze the materials of empirical research on the issues of preserving and value of the national culture and interethnic relations, which were conducted in the Chuvash Republic annually in 2017–2019. The number of respondents each year was a little over 600. The results of processing these surveys showed that if the Chuvash language is more important for the Chuvash as a factor of ethnic identity, for the Russians it is a «common land, territory». The authors believe that for the Chuvash people, their native language is one of the main factors not only in terms of implementing the opportunities to communicate in it and its importance for maintaining folk traditions, but in connection with actualization of the problem of preserving their ethnic group in conditions of a globalized society as well. Some concerns for safekeeping the national culture are related to passivity of the population itself and a low level of awareness-building efforts in this area.


Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem with one-third of the world's population infected by its etiologic agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and over two million people dying from the disease each year. Improvement of the current treatment requires the development of more potent therapeutic agents that could act on latent and persistent bacilli and reduce the duration of therapy. Although two-component systems are the most common means of controlling bacterial gene expression in response to external stimuli, the genome of M. tuberculosis contains a large number of genes encoding Ser/Thr protein kinases (STPKs) [1, 2]. Two of these genes, pknA and pknB, are part of a highly conserved operon that also includes the genes coding for PstP, the cognate Ser/Thr phosphoprotein phosphatase, and accessory proteins with forkhead-associated (FHA) domains that specifically recognize phospho-threonine residues. There is strong evidence that this operon controls cell division and elongation [3], a key element in mycobacterial development that provides a link between the exponential/extracellular growth phase and the latent lifestyle within the granuloma [4]. If this model is correct, then protein kinase (and phosphatase) inhibitors would represent attractive lead compounds for development into antitubercular agents capable of targeting M. tuberculosis in the different stages of its life cycle. In the last few years, structural and biochemical studies of mycobacterial protein kinases and phosphatases confirmed the remarkable conservation of the protein fold, catalytic machinery and regulation mechanisms between eukaryotic and mycobacterial homologs [4–9]. However, the biological roles of most protein kinases in mycobacteria still remain to be elucidated. In particular, while PknA and PknB were reported to phosphorylate a variety of proteins in vitro, their physiological substrate(s) are currently unknown. Using a global proteomic approach, we identified the protein GarA as the optimal PknB substrate in soluble protein extracts from M. tuberculosis and the saprophyte M. smegmatis [10]. Interestingly, GarA is a FHA domain-containing protein that has been proposed to regulate glycogen degradation during exponential growth of M. smegmatis [11] and was also reported to control the ubiquitous 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, a key enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in Corynebacterium glutamicum [12]. Enzymological and binding studies demonstrated that docking interactions between the phosphorylated activation loop of PknB and the C-terminal FHA domain of GarA are required to enable efficient phosphorylation at a single threonine residue of the substrate. The high conservation of the garA gene in mycobacteria and related actinomycetes suggests an important functional role of the protein in bacterial STPK-mediated signal transduction pathways [10]. Gene essentiality is a prerequisite for a target protein in anti-bacterial drug design. We demonstrated that the pknB gene can be disrupted by allelic replacement in M. tuberculosis and the saprophyte Mycobacterium smegmatis only in the presence of a second functional copy of the gene [13]. Furthermore, we found that specific compounds which are potent inhibitors of PknB in vitro have anti-mycobacterial activities with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the micromolar range [9, 13]. These findings demonstrate that the Ser/Thr protein kinase PknB is essential to sustain mycobacterial growth and strongly support the development of protein kinase inhibitors as new, potential antituberculosis drugs.


SUMMARY Advances in technologies and science have progressively allowed defining better terrestrial coordinate systems or their reference frames used in surveying. This circumstance always keeps datum transformation from one system, or one frame, to another up to date. Data used for the estimation of datum transformation parameters are the coordinate components of common points whose coordinates are known in both system of datum transformation. Obtaining a reliable set of the parameters requires a proper choice of the common points. What number of the common points should be used? Or, is their distribution suitable? These questions are too hard to decide by rule of thumb. Sometimes, some components of some common points may need to be eliminated while some may be necessary for a reliable solution. In this study, a rigorous method is suggested and useful remarks are made for the proper data choice in datum transformation.


A compound structurally represented by Formula I ** (See formula) ** or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: Y is -O- or -S-; Q, D, X, and T independently represent carbon (substituted with hydrogen or the optional substituents as indicated herein), or nitrogen (optionally substituted by oxygen), with the proviso that no more than two of Q, D , X, and T are nitrogen; R1 is -H, -OH, or -halogen; R2 is -H or (C1-C3) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens); R3 and R4 are independently -H, -halogen, -CN, -OH, alkoxy (C1-C7) cycloalkyl- (C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or alkenyl (C2-C7) : R5 is selected from -H, (C1-C12) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), (C3-C12), - phenyl, -phenyl-phenyl-alkyl (C2-C12) -aryl , -aryl-alkyl (C2-C12) heteroaryl, heteroaryl-alkyl (C2-C12) alkyl, ((C2-C12)) cycloalkyl (C3-C12) cycloalkenyl, -heterocycloalkyl, -aryl-alkenyl ( C2-C10) -heteroaryl-alkenyl (C2-C10) -alkynyl ((C2-C12)) -cycloalkynyl (C3-C12) -aryl-alkynyl ((C2-C12)), and -heteroaryl-alkynyl ((C2-C12)), and wherein (C1-C12) alkyl- (C3-C12), -phenyl, -phenyl-phenyl-alkyl (C2-C12) -aryl, -aryl-alkyl (C2-C12) heteroaryl, heteroaryl-alkyl (C2-C12) cycloalkenyl, -heterocycloalkyl, -alkenyl ((C2-C12)) cycloalkyl (C3-C12) -aryl-alkenyl (C2-C10), -heteroaryl-alkenyl (C2-C10) -alkynyl ((C2-C12)) -cycloalkynyl (C3-C12) -aryl-alkynyl ((C2-C12)), -heteroaryl-alk ynyl ((C2-C12)), they are each optionally substituted with one to three substituents each independently selected from -hydrogen, -cyano, -nitro, -halo, -oxo, (C1-C7) ( optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -C (C1-C7) -C (O) OR12, alkoxy (C1-C7) alkyl- (C3-C7), -C (O) R12, -C (O ) OR12, -OC (O) R12, -OS (O) 2R12, -N (R12) 2, -NR12C (O) R12, -NR12SO2R12, -SR12, = S (O) R12, -S (O) 2R12 , and -S (O) 2N (R12) 2; R6 and R7 are independently selected at each occurrence -H, -halogen, -hydroxy, -CN, (C1-C7) alkyl, (C2-C7) cycloalkyl- (C1-C10) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), (C3-C12), tert-butoxiiminometilo, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl-, hydroxymethyl, formyl, hydroxyiminomethyl, morphylino-4-yl-methyl, 4-methylpentyloxy, and pentyloxy; provided however that wherein D is nitrogen, then R6 or R7 are not attached to D, and provided that wherein T is nitrogen, then R6 or R7 not being attached to T, and provided that when Q is nitrogen, then R6 or R7 are not attached to Q, and provided that when X is nitrogen, then R6 or R7 are not attached to X; may R6 and R7 form optionally form a six membered ring with the atoms to which they are attached, and the ring so formed may optionally contain up to two oxygens, and further, the ring thus formed may be substituted with up to four halogens; R8 and R9 are independently selected at each occurrence -hydrogen, -hydroxy, -CN, -nitro, -halo, (C1-C7) (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), alkoxy (C1-C7), alkyl- (C3-C7) aryl, -aryl (C1-C7) alkyl, -heteroaryl, -heteroaryl-alkyl (C1-C7) alkyl, -aryloxy, -C (O) R12, -COOR12, -OC (O ) R12, -OS (O) 2R12, -N (R12) 2, -NR12C (O) R12, -NR12SO2R12, -SR12, -S (O) R12, -S (O) 2R12, -O-alkenyl (C2 C7), and -S (O) 2N (R12) 2; and wherein (C1-C7) alkoxy (C1-C7) cycloalkyl, (C3-C7) cycloalkyl, -aryl, -aryl-alkyl (C1-C7) alkyl, -heteroaryl, -heteroaryl-alkyl (C1 C7) alkyl, -aryloxy, and alkenyl (C2-C7) are each optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from -hydrogen, -cyano, -nitro, -halo, -oxo, (C1 C7) cycloalkyl, (C1-C7) -C (O) OR12, -alkoxy (C1-C7) alkyl- (C3-C7) cycloalkenyl, -heterocycloalkyl, -C (O) R12, -COOR12, -OC ( O) R12, OS (O) 2R12, -N (R12) 2, -NR12C (O) R12, -NR12SO2R12, -SR12, -S (O) R12, -S (O) 2R12, and -S (O) 2N (R12) 2, R10 is selected from -H, halogen, (C1-C12) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -aryl-alkyl (C1-C7) -heteroaryl , (C1-C7) alkyl, ((C2-C12)) cycloalkyl (C3-C12) -aryl-alkenyl (C2-C10) -heteroaryl-alkenyl (C2-C10) -alkynyl ( (C2-C12)), cycloalkynyl, (C3-C12) -aryl-alkynyl ((C2-C12)), and -heteroaryl-alkynyl ((C2-C12)); R11 is independently selected at each occurrence -H, -halogen ** (See formula) ** wherein the mark zigzag shows the point of attachment to the parent molecule, wherein A, G, and E represent independently carbon (substituted with hydrogen or the optional substituents as indicated herein) or nitrogen, provided that no more than two of a, G, and E are nitrogen; provided however that when A is nitrogen, then R8, R9, and R14 are not attached to A, and provided that wherein G is nitrogen, then R8, R9, and R14 not being attached to G, and with the proviso that when E is nitrogen, then R8, R9, and R14 are not attached to E, ** (See formula) ** wherein the mark zigzag shows the point of attachment to the parent molecule, wherein m is an integer of 0, 1, 2, or 3 and when m is 0 then (CH2) m is a bond and ** (see formula) ** wherein the mark zigzag shows the point of attachment to the parent molecule, provided that, however, when D is nitrogen, then R11 is not attached to D, and provided that wherein T is nitrogen, then R11 is not attached to T, and with the proviso that when Q is nitrogen, then R11 is not attached to Q, and provided that when X is nitrogen, then R11 is not attached to X; R12 is independently selected at each occurrence -hydrogen, (C1-C7) (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens, and -aryl R13 is independently selected at each occurrence -hydrogen, -halogen, (C1-C7 ) (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), phenyl, and alkenyl (C2-C7); R14 is independently at each occurrence -H, halogen, or (C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens) .


The invention discloses a short message data synchronous operation method and system. The short message data synchronous operation method comprises the steps that on one hand, a function phone receives an operation request related to short message data from a user on a user interface, the operation request is sent to a smart phone through the Bluetooth, the smart phone receives the operation request sent by the function phone, a corresponding operation is conducted to obtain a first operation result, the first operation result is sent to the smart phone, the function phone receives the first operation result, and an operation corresponding to the first operation result is conducted to obtain a second operation result; on the other hand, the smart phone sends a short message data change notice to the function phone when local short message data change, the function phone receives the short message data change notice, short message data are changed according to the short message data change notice, and a result after change is displayed on the user interface. Through the short message data synchronous operation method and system, short message data of the smart phone with a large screen can be operated through the function phone with a small screen.


s: Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICD) or ischemic stroke is one of the most severe and common neurological diseases in the elderly population. Autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotes and a key decisionmaker contributing to neuronal fate. Until now, reports on the role of the Notch pathway in autophagy of ICD are limited. In this study, PC12 cells were screened for neuron-like cells that were positive for MAP2. The silenced Notch1 transfected neuron-like cells were used for the establishment of an oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model which was verified with cell viability by MTT assay and apoptosis examination by flow cytometry. After establishing the OGD model, the mRNA and protein expression of Notch1, Beclin1, and LC3-I/LC3-II were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. In the established OGD model, the cell viability was decreased significantly with 72.98% of apoptosis. Following the introduction of silenced Notch1, the mRNA and protein expression of Notch1, Beclin1 and LC3 were upregulated remarkably in neuron-like PC12 cells exposed to OGD compared with the control, increased markedly in Notch1 siRNA transfected neuron-like cells post-exposure to OGD compared with Notch1 siRNA transfected neuronlike cells without the treatment of OGD, and down-regulated distinctly in Notch1 siRNA transfected neuron-like cells post-exposure of OGD compared with those without transfection. We also observed that the levels of LC3-II rose greatly in OGD cells without Notch1 siRNA transfection compared with the control, but declined in OGD cells with Notch1 siRNA transfection compared with those without transfection. The Notch pathway might be partly associated with autophagy in neurons post-exposure to OGD highlighting it as a potential target for ICD treatment.


This paper presents the heating and expansion analysis of vermiculite by using microwave energy. The heating process takes place within a waveguide where the sample can be exposed to a single-mode up to 3 kW. The importance of vermiculite and its applications are described, as well as the design of the waveguide. Themographic data is presented in order to analyze and compare the heating process with the use of different power values in a range from 50 W to 400 W. The heating and measurement setup are displayed in the results. The methodology applied shows that this process is viable and can provide good and fast processing of vermiculite grains.


On December 30th 2000, the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft reached the perijove milestone in its continuing journey to the Saturnian system. During an extended six-month encounter, the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) returned spectra of the Jovian atmosphere, rings and satellites from 10 to 1400 cm^-1 (1000 to 7 µm) at a programmable spectral resolution of 0.5 to 15 cm^-1. The improved spectral resolution of CIRS over previous infrared instrument-missions to Jupiter, the extended spectral range and higher signal-to-noise performance provide significant advantages over previous data-sets. Both optimal-estimation retrieval and radiance-differencing are used to investigate the global variation of upper-tropospheric temperature, ammonia, phosphine and cloud opacity between ± 60˚ latitude. The analysis methods are shown to successfully reproduce Jovian conditions with results consistent with previous investigations. The composition results in particular are well characterised and suggest an important role played by mixing and transport within the upper-troposphere. Interpretation and validation of the retrieved results is conducted via the construction of a simple dynamic model incorporating transport, diffusion and (photo)chemistry.


Abstract Phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) parasitize insects of many orders including leaf-cutting ants, which are pests of several crops. These parasitoids may have a significant impact on ant behavior by altering their foraging rhythm. Seasonal variations in climatic variables, such as temperature and humidity, influence the abundance, activity period, distribution, and reproduction of insects. Therefore, knowledge of parasitoid seasonal patterns is important for biological control success. In this study we evaluate the parasitism of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by Apocephalus attophilus Borgmeier and Eibesfeldtphora tonhascai Brown (both Diptera: Phoridae) across seasons throughout a yr in a Brazilian Cerrado-Atlantic Forest ecotone, and compare their parasitism in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest fragment and urban area. The number of ants parasitized by A. attophilus and E. tonhascai was higher in the winter and spring, respectively, but similar in summer and fall. Apocephalus attophilus parasitism was negatively correlated with temperature but not with relative humidity, whereas ant parasitism by E. tonhascai presented no correlation with either parameter. The number of ants parasitized by A. attophilus and E. tonhascai in the semi-deciduous seasonal forest fragment was higher than in urban areas. Knowledge of biotic and abiotic factors influencing the population dynamics of phorid flies is important for rearing and releasing protocols for these parasitoids.


There is a growing acceptance among investors that a for-profit corporation can both generate a financial return for shareholders while also pursuing social, environmental, or community agendas. But there currently does not exist in U.S. corporate law a widely accepted corporate form to accommodate those social businesses that seek to adhere to a stakeholder based agenda while also providing a financial return to investors. One model to embody this idea is the "beneficial corporation" (also known as a "B Corporation"), which is a newly proposed corporate form that straddles the for-profit and nonprofit sectors. Despite the lack of a widely accepted B Corporation form in the fifty states' corporate laws, already over 190 corporations in thirty-one industries have attempted to configure their articles of incorporation to set forth a stakeholder based purpose. In total, these corporations capture more than $1 billion of the marketplace. Thus, there is a strong need for a new corporate form as the for-profit corporate directors' fiduciary responsibility to maximize shareholder wealth while adhering to the corporation's social agenda can be incompatible at times, especially in situations where the board must make zero sum decisions in which some stakeholders inevitably gain while others lose. Previous scholarship has analyzed whether a new corporate form is necessary to support a stakeholder interest maximization model, and scholars are divided as to whether a new form is needed to adequately protect stakeholder interests and to limit director liability for pursuing stakeholder interests ahead of profit maximization. This Article seeks to add to the literature by examining scenarios in which a separate B Corporation corporate form would provide a solution to the problems detailed above and by proposing that the American Bar Association (ABA) enact a Beneficial Corporation provision in its Model Business Corporation Act (MBCA) to address specifically this issue. The MBCA has been adopted in whole or in substantial part by over thirty states, and amending it to reflect a new B Corporation form would promote wide acceptance in many states' corporate laws. Because for-profit corporation fiduciary duties require directors to further the interest of shareholders - that is, maximizing corporate profits - new provisions need to be adopted by the MBCA that will provide a corporate form that will allow directors to maximize stakeholder interests before shareholder profits.


The present invention relates to a sludge dewatering unit for seryungi, more specifically, the current sediment the precipitated sludge, debris and moisture, such as in the seryungi tank is discharged through the settled sludge automatic discharge device of seryungi in use on the market, sludge dewatering When passing through the yugonggwan covered with a membrane formed from a Public nonwoven fabric or mat in the tank debris of gravel-like material is accumulated on a film formed of a civil engineering for non-woven fabric or mat moisture are filtered, such as earth and sand contained in the settled sludge as it passes through the yugonggwan to the foreign substance and the water for the separation, that is, the dehydration device. The foreign matter and water the precipitated sludge containing the gravel-like material that is currently settle to the bottom seryungi tank (C1) of seryungi in use on the market, the sludge dewatered by the settled sludge automatic discharging device (C2) and outlets (C3) Division To this When the discharge over the film (B5) formed in civil nonwoven fabric or a mat of (B4) stacked on top of a foreign matter film (B5) formed in civil nonwoven fabric or a mat for gravel-like material, water is by the free-falling is formed of a nonwoven fabric or a mat for civil the film (B5) a tube (A8) and then filtered to water that has passed through the pores of the yugonggwan (B1) and, through this process settled sludge is dehydrated, through the void of yugonggwan (B1) is collected in the water tank (B3) pass by has a structure that seryungi recycled to the tank (C1) by the free fall. Separation walls (B2) serves to remove the sludge dewatering tank (B4) and the water tank (B3). The foreign matter and water in the gravel-like material in the seryungi water tank is discharged by the settled sludge automatic discharging device by the structure-containing precipitate article sludge is dehydrated, the dehydrated water is recycled to the seryungi tank by free fall, the moisture is removed foreign matter of the gravel-like material is effective, easy-handling.


The authors describe a 64-b carry look ahead (CLA) adder using a novel pass transistor BiCMOS circuit. In this BiCMOS circuit, the outputs of pass transistors are connected directly to the bases of output bipolar transistors. The circuit has a reduced intrinsic delay time, and it shows a speed advantage over CMOS circuits at any load capacitance. A 64-b CLA adder was fabricated using a 0.5-/spl mu/m BiCMOS process. The BiCMOS circuits are used in full adders, carry path circuits, and carry select circuits in the adder. A critical path delay time of 3.5 ns was obtained at a supply voltage of 3.3 V. This represents a 25% improvement over the adder based on CMOS technology.