Isotopic and trace element analyses of recent alkaline volcanic rocks from Jan Mayen were used to characterize their mantle source. The samples, ranging in composition from ankaramites to trachytes, are isotopically homogeneous with 11 of 12 samples within the following ranges: 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 0.7035-0.7036, 143 Nd/ 144 Nd: 0.51285-0.51290, 206 Pb/ 204 Pb: 18.54-18.76, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb 15.45-15.49, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb: 38.19-38.51. Geophysical data indicate that the Jan Mayen Ridge represents a microcontinent rifted off the east Greenland continental margin at 36 Ma. The isotopic homogeneity and poor correlation between the degree of magmatic differentiation and Sr-Nd isotopic composition show that the recent Jan Mayen magmas escaped significant contamination by Precambrian or Lower Paleozoic continental crust. A pervasive Tertiary to recent magmatic infrastructure may explain the lack of contamination with old crustal material. The Jan Mayen alkali basalts have similar trace element and isotopic composition to other oceanic plume basalts and are dominated by low-degree melts from an enriched mantle component prevalent in the NE Atlantic. The Icelandic alkali basalts are derived from similar sources but are more diluted with picritic or tholeiitic melt fractions formed by progressive melting at shallower levels. Minimum dilution of the incipient low-degree melts occurs when the melting column is truncated by a thick lithosphere. The mantle source sampled by the Jan Mayen and other alkaline volcanic systems in the NE Atlantic is strongly enriched in high field strength elements like Nb, has a relatively high μ value, and has 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios below and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios above the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line. Such a Pb isotopic composition fits well with an old mantle domain with a time-integrated low μ value, enriched by a Paleozoic high μ (HIMU) component. The young HIMU-component in the NE Atlantic upper mantle could represent recycled oceanic crust entrained in the ancestral Iceland plume and distributed laterally by the ancestral plume head.


Fifty years after the Brown v. Board of Education decision outlawed de jure segregation in American schools, many school districts remain segregated. Despite numerous efforts aimed at desegregation, residential segregation—the primary barrier to significant school desegregation—remains entrenched throughout the United States. The Miami-Dade County Public Schools, the nation's fourth largest school system, provides an excellent example of a segregated metropolitan region that produced a segregated school system and defied numerous efforts at significant school desegregation.


* An earlier form of this article was written during the spring semester, 1958, for the course in International and Maritime Law at the School of Law, University of California, Berkeley. The opinions expressed herein are solely those of the writer. B.A. 1952, State University of Iowa; LL.B. I958, University of California, Berkeley. Member of the California bar; Assistant Counsel, California Farm Bureau Federation. 1 House Comm. on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Administration of Cargo Preference Act, H.R. REP. No. 80, 84th Cong., ist Sess. 3 (1955) [hereinafter cited as H.R. REP. No. 80]. 2 Hearings on S. 2584 Before the Subconmittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 84th Cong., 2d Sess. 59 (1956) [hereinafter cited as s956 Senate Hearings]. Three other congressional committee hearings are repeatedly referred to in this article and will be cited as indicated: (a) Hearings on S. 3233 Before the Subcommittee on Water Transportation of the Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 83d Cong., 2d Sess. (I954) [hereinafter cited as 1954 Senate Hearings]; (b) Hearings on S. 3233 Before the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, 83d Cong., 2d Sess. (I954) [hereinafter cited as I954 House Hearings]; (c) Hearings on Administration of Cargo Preference Act (50-50 Law) Before the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, 84th Cong., Ist Sess. (I955) [hereinafter cited as 1955 Admin. Hearings]. For a general discussion of United States foreign aid and development programs, see Morray, Aid Without Tears: Opportunism in Foreign Development Policy, 46 CALIF. L. REV. 665 (1958). 8 1956 Senate Hearings 131. 'The bulk of American-flag vessels is over ten years old. "Only about i6 per cent of our dry cargo fleet, which numbers 722 ships of 7.3 million deadweight tons, was built after the war." Shipping Outlook, March 1958, p. 4. ' Only 12% of vessels equipped for refrigeration fly the American flag. FMB & MARITIME ADMINISTRATION ANN. REP. 60 (1957). 6 In I957, total monthly vessel operating expenses of American-flag ships (not including depreciation) was estimated at $39,758, while Liberian-flag vessels had costs of about $I9,325. Hearings on Study of Vessel Transfer, Trade-in, and Reserve Fleet Policies Before the House Committee on


In this paper, we analysis the development possibility of detail technology in LED general lighting base on patent share and increase rate during latest 10 years. And patent activity index of subject countries are calculated and annual patent application trend is analyzed in order to grasp the patent activity and interest technical field in each country. And, the technical levels and technological edges of invested countries(Korea, US, Japan, Europe) have been quantitatively estimated base on share, citation index and impact factor of patent. Finally, we discuss the technical development strategies in LED general lighting through patents analysis in the area of worldwide LED general lighting industry.


Phylloscopus tenellipes and Ph. borealis xanthodryas breed in high altitudes in Norikura range, Honshiu. They arrive foot zone in early May, but final snow fall on the peak was noticed as late as 27 May. In the foot-zone study area, the Bansho highland, these species were in full song in late May, but were apparently waitng for advance of season before leaving to high range for breeding. They were thus in the stage of pair formation assembly at lower level forest.


Internet applications provide interesting dynamic environments for online optimization techniques. In this talk, I will discuss a number of such problems in the context of online markets, and in se...


We present a theoretical study the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG at low temper- ature in an unintentionally doped GaN/AlGaN surface quantum well, taking adequate account of the roughness-induced scattering mechansms and eect due to sheet polarization charges. Within model of surface quantum wells 2DEG be described by an extended Fang-Howard wave function, we are able to derive an analytic expression for the self-consistent Hartree potential. Thus, we obtained simple expresion describing the enhancement of the 2DEG screening and unscreened po- tentials for dierent scattering sources. We studied the electron mobility due to dierent scattering sources and the total electron mobility in an unintentionally doped GaN/AlGaN surface quantum well .


By means of an ab initio investigation, exploiting many-body perturbation theory approaches on top of ground-state density functional theory calculations, we disclose the impact of the electronic correlation on the band structure and optical properties of a class of recently synthesized Pb-free 2D-layered halide perovskites, namely, (BA)4AgBiBr8 and (BA)2CsAgBiBr7. We observe strong out-of-plane excitonic dipoles characterizing the optical spectra, a result that suggests the potential applicability of these layered hybrid materials in photonics and plasmonics, where the perpendicular field direction plays a relevant role.


This article discusses the role of cognitive bias in legal decision making. Drawing on research in cognitive science and law, it explores the impact of cognitive bias on both lawyers and clients. These often subtle mental biases can lead to pervasive errors in decision making by causing us to ignore important information and make inaccurate predictions. They may lead a client to underestimate the risk of litigation. They may also lead a lawyer to miscategorize a client's value choice as a misjudgement of fact. The article offers illustrative stories of the impact of bias on both client and lawyer and suggests how to identify and attenuate these biases. It closes with the reminder that careful study and reflection will make us better legal counselors, but a precise analysis of lawyerly judgement still eludes us.


The reusing of the design experience plays an important promoting role in fixture rapid design process.According to the structural characteristics of parts of the aviation products,we apply case-based reasoning to aircraft structure parts machining fixture design process.Firstly,the workpiece information,process information and clamping information are considered and can be used to express the fixture design task and the previous design case.The fixture design case can be totally represented by different properties.Secondly,quantify the properties and get them valued according to certain methods.Then get the total similarity of two cases.Combined with the similarity evaluation algorithm of hierarchical search,the case which has higher similarity with the design task is found out.Through correction of the similar case,we can implement the new fixture design tasks rapidly.


Abstract: This article is an introduction to the municipal issue which dogged attempts to make the Zurich framework viable in the early years of the Republic. It takes a brief look at its origins in the last years of British rule and at the background to the provision for separate municipalities in the Zurich and London Agreements. The article outlines the history of the failure to resolve the issue between 1959 and 1963. It suggests that its significance lies in the symbiosis of Turkish national security interests in the organisation of local government on the island and that the failure to resolve it reflected a failure to reconcile the conflicting perceptions of the nature of the state created by the Zurich and London Agreements.


The sound pressure levels in the cavity of the high pressure microphone calibrator affected by the variation of the front cavity volume of pressure microphone are calculated and measured. A method of calibration is described in this paper. The result shows that different front cavity volumes of microphones will result in different sound pressure levels in the cavity of high pressure coupler at the frequency range and the same insert voltages of the calibrator. Neglecting the correction as a result of the effect of the front cavity vlolume will cause an error of a couple of decibels. Volume of high pressure coupler has been measured using a standard condenser microphone with known front cavity volume and a laser-vibrometer. Calibrations of the high pressure microphone calibrators are performed by measuring the amplitudes of the piston of the calibrator using laser-vibrometer at the sound pressure levels of 124 to 164 dB re. 20 μPa with an accuracy of ± 0.27 dB.


Heart failure exacerbations impart significant morbidity and mortality, however, large- scale studies assessing outcomes in the setting of concurrent coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are limited. We utilized National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to compare clinical outcomes in patients admitted with acute congestive heart failure exacerbation (CHF) with and without COVID-19 infection. A total of 2,101,980 patients (Acute CHF without COVID-19 (n = 2,026,765 (96.4%) and acute CHF with COVID-19 (n = 75,215, 3.6%)) were identified. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to compared outcomes and were adjusted for age, sex, race, income level, insurance status, discharge quarter, Elixhauser co-morbidities, hospital location, teaching status and bed size. Patients with acute CHF and COVID-19 had higher in-hospital mortality compared to patients with acute CHF alone (25.78% vs. 5.47%, adjust OR (aOR) 6.3 (95% CI 6.05–6.62, p < 0.001)) and higher rates of vasopressor use (4.87% vs. 2.54%, aOR 2.06 (95% CI 1.86–2.27, p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (31.26% vs. 17.14%, aOR 2.3 (95% CI 2.25–2.44, p < 0.001)), sudden cardiac arrest (5.73% vs. 2.88%, aOR 1.95 (95% CI 1.79–2.12, p < 0.001)), and acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis (5.56% vs. 2.94%, aOR 1.92 (95% CI 1.77–2.09, p < 0.001)). Moreover, patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (26.87% vs. 24.5%, adjusted OR 1.26 (95% CI 1.16–1.36, p < 0.001)) with increased incidence of vasopressor use, sudden cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock as compared to patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Furthermore, elderly patients and patients with African-American and Hispanic descents had higher in-hospital mortality. Acute CHF with COVID-19 is associated with higher in-hospital mortality, vasopressor use, mechanical ventilation, and end organ dysfunction such as kidney failure and cardiac arrest.


We in Yoga have the privilege and satisfaction to know that ancient Yogic texts provide explanations for many of the decisions we make about life. The texts can also guide us on the decisions we will make about the path Yoga itself takes.In this issue you'll have the opportunity to reflect on the path of Yoga.


Utilizing a mathematics model and a computer simulation,the anthor calculated a series of primary steam pressure in the first effect and that in the final effect under equal output during the evaporation of caustic soda in a three-effect four-body evaporator,and found a pressure combination under which the steam consumption was minimum.The result conformed to the actual situation.


A brief account is given of an entire vehicle simulation model developed by BMW in co-operation with Tesis Dynaware for use in considering different design options. The model has a modular structure which enables the easy implementation of subsystems with different levels of detail and the omission of elements not required. The subsystems represented in the complete model include the internal combustion engine, transmission, axles, driving resistances, electrical power supply, hybrid components, controls and a driver module with driving cycles. The model focuses on the flow of electrical, thermal, mechanical and chemical energy through the vehicle, considering longitudinal dynamics only. The software used is 'Dymola' based on the programming language 'Modelica'. The use of the model in developing BMW's first full hybrid system is noted. The effects on fuel consumption and the durability of the battery were tested in different driving cycles and a number of conflicts resolved.


The time course of hemolysis by a number of amphiphiles differing in their molecular features was studied in isotonic solution under varying temperature and concentrations of amphiphile and erythrocytes. Some of detergents induced hemolysis with two-stage kinetics, the property not correlating with either the detergent polar group charge or critical micelle concentration. The first stage appears at relatively high amphiphile concentrations, starts without a notable lag-phase and stops within less than 1 min at an intermediate extent of lysis; the second stage has a distinct lag-phase followed by the exponential lysis phase always reaching complete hemolysis.The parameters of the two stages differently depend on temperature and concentration of sucrose. A general two- stage scheme of amphiphile-membrane interaction is proposed. During the former stage, amphiphile molecules, bound initially on the outer surface of the cell membrane, equilibrate across the membrane. At a sufficiently high amphiphile binding per cell, the first stage hemolysis occurs with the rate decreasing sharply in the course of transmembrane equilibration. After reaching the equilibrium distribution of detergent across membrane, hemolysis follows the second stage mechanism.


School-based Management is not a new matter and its use in vocational education is an innovation.The idea or mode of School-based Management is of great significance to the development of vocational education,which is also the necessary condition for its use in the management of vocational school.By way of exploring School-based Management,this paper aims to figure out how to implement the School-based Management in vocational education.Thus,this new idea or mode is expected to promote the new development of vocational education.


A new metal resistor bolometer has been developed by applying thin‐film technology. It is composed of three layers, a 4‐μm‐thick radiation absorber made of gold, a 7.5‐μm‐thick kapton dielectric, and a 0.1‐μm‐thick 5‐kΩ gold resistor. This detector with the appropriate electronics shows a linear response to radiation power, including both neutral‐particle emission and electromagnetic radiation from the soft x‐ray part of the spectrum to the infrared. The bolometer has a very high operating reliability and sufficient suppression of ambient interference under extreme environmental conditions, such as high neutron and gamma radiation fluxes, high temperatures, mechanical vibrations, and strong electromagnetic fields. In plasma discharges in the ASDEX tokamak a radiation detection limit of 100 μW/cm2 was obtained at a time resolution of 10 ms. The bolometers of an array can be calibrated in situ; the calibration data are reproducible and stable in time within ±10%. Measurements in ASDEX which demonstrate the ...


Currently there is a demand of society for information on the environmental resources consumed by the authorities, so it was necessary to the emergence of a new branch within the accounting: The Environmental Accounting. The Steelmakers besides consume many resources in pig iron, melting process in steel production and cooling of their equipment, generating many pollutants. This study aims to verify the compliance of financial statements for the 2015 financial year CPC 25 - Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, at about the steel mills that have facilities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, according to the map of the Brazil Steel Institute. It was found in research that organizations have knowledge of the appointed standard and most of the requirements are being met, but there is still a lack of care for full recognition of requirements, measurement and disclosure established by CPC 25. There is an increase in the amount recognized provisions and 2014 environmental liabilities for 2015, despite the increase all indicate that the measurement of these values often do not have reliable estimate, so there is no recognition and only the disclosure of the processes related to them in the notes.


This paper aims to explore the meaning of "civilization" often addressed in the Brave New World. It is not until one understands the writer"s point-counterpoint narrative that the re/discovery of the civilization in the new world is fully made through a step-by-step approach to the text. Accordingly, the past and present historical meaning of the New Mexican Reservation should be first reviewed to know why Huxley foregrounds the reservation along with the brave new world in the text. Secondly, two episodes will be compared; the past historical episode that Gorillas were exhibited in London in 1861 and the present fictional one that John the Savage from New Mexico Reservation is experimented with as an ape in the zoo. Creating the point-counterpoint narrative quoting or using many of the historical or fictional characters in the novel, Huxley has implicitly led us to rediscover what the real civilization should be like in the future unlike that depicted in the dystopian novel. Huxley seems to suggest the attitudes that T. H. Huxley and Matthew Arnold should have had in their argument as to which one is superior to the other, science or culture/literature; T. H. Huxley should have more valued the culture and literature, and Matthew Arnold the science. In brief, Aldous Huxley argues those two should be integrated into the social and cultural society. Finally Huxley seems to say that it is only when both humanity and science are reciprocally respected that human society would prosper without losing the value of humanity even in the scientific world.


Introduction: Patient education is the most fundamental role of nurses and an important factor in raising awareness and changing health behaviors toward various diseases, particularly coronary artery diseases. This study aims to define nurses' perception of patient education in the CCU ward of Valiasr Hospital, Birjand, Iran. Method: This was a qualitative study performed in 2011. In the present study, 11 nurses of CCU wards were recruited by purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Three themes have emerged including culture, knowledge of the patient's background, and education process suited to patients' culture and society. Each theme has some subcategories. Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to design the patient education process based on culture and conditions of the patients' community in order for that process to be effective.


Education plays a role in developing individual intelligence. The purpose of parents, teachers, and the environment becomes very important. Howard Gardner introduces Multiple Intelligence. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by combining theories of psychological development and intelligence from various literature, books, journals, or related articles. This study aims to maximize the role of parents in developing multiple intelligences in children from an early age.


This is the much-anticipated new edition of the important volume of avant-garde writing, Readies for Bob Brown's Machine. The original collection of Readies was published by Brown's Roving Eye Press in 1931. Despite including works by leading modernist writers including Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Kay Boyle, F.T. Marinetti, and 35 other writers and artists, this volume has never been re-issued. Like the 'talkies' in cinema, Brown's machine and the 'readies' medium he created for it proposed to revolutionise reading with technology by scrolling texts across a viewing screen. Apart from its importance to modernism, Brown's research on reading seems remarkably prescient in light of text messaging, e-books, and internet media ecologies. Brown's designs for a modernist style of reading, which emphasised speed, movement, and immediacy, required a complete re-design of reading and writing technology. Complete with a new Preface by Eric White and a new Introduction and a separate chapter on the contributors by Craig Saper, this critical facsimile edition restores to public attention the extraordinary experiments of writing readies for a reading machine.


This expository note consists of two parts: In the first we present a homological formulation of Goursat's theorem. In the second we indicate how some rudimentary concepts of homological algebra can be introduced with the help of this form of Goursat's theorem. The second part is addressed to those readers with an algebraic background who wish to be initiated into homological algebra as painlessly as possible. The ideas developed here are close to the spirit of [5, Chapter II, § 6], where further references may be found. In fact, these ideas are very much in the air, and any originality in the present note is purely coincidental.


The invention discloses an environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent. The environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent is formed by mixing water and additive, wherein the mass percentage content of the additive is 10% to 15%; the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3-5 parts of hydrotalcite, 3-5 parts of powdered active carbon, 25-30 parts of sodium silicate, and 5-10 parts of magnesium chloride. The fire extinguishing agent provided by the invention can effectively block the fire from spreading, thereby providing a high fire extinguishing agent and saving the water supply volume; the fire extinguishing agent can retard flame effectively, thereby avoiding the after-combustion; due to the fact that all materials used in the fire extinguishing agent are environment-friendly materials, the fire extinguishing agent is nontoxic, inodorous, pollution-free and radiation-free, and is not likely to generate harmful gas in a fire extinguishing process; the fire extinguishing agent provided by the the invention can abate smoke and adsorb toxic gas after being sprayed on a burning object, so as to avoid the occurrence of a suffocating situation as far as possible.


Deep Learning has entered strongly into the everyday lives of all of us. We find it in the world of journalism, in the economic sector, in the medical sector and so on. In the world of three-dimensional reality capturing, there are numerous possibilities for implementation. The case study, presented here, starts from the photogrammetric scan of the statue of Dante located at Piazza dei Signori in Verona.


Nice large wooded lot with year round mountain views in The Springs with wide paved roads,community water, underground electric and a beautiful large community Club House.


Selecting disease-resistant potato cultivars is an economical and effective way to prevent and control potato early blight.23 cultivars obtained from several potato breeding institutes were tested by NAA-treated detached leaf assay and measured lesion diameter sizes and disease severity to make statistical analysis.The results showed that there were 6 immune cultivars,1 highly resistant cultivar,6 resistant cultivars,5 susceptible and 5 highly susceptible cultivars,respectively.It will provide valuable reference for extending potato cultivars in field.


Abstract Climate change has become a business planning reality in the ski industry, with differential impacts and adaptive capacity important for intra- and inter-regional market competitiveness. Potential climate change impacts are examined at 171 ski areas in Ontario, Québec and the US Northeast using the SkiSim2 model with regional parameterizations of snowmaking capacity. With advanced snowmaking, mid-century season length losses are limited to 12–13% under a low emission pathway (RCP 4.5), increasing to 15–22% under high emissions (RCP 8.5). By late-century, low and high emission pathways diverge creating very different futures for the ski industry. Season length and skiable terrain losses increase only marginally in the low emission pathway, while transformational impacts occur under a high emission pathway, with only 29 ski areas in Québec and high-elevation areas of the US Northeast able to maintain a 100-day season and open regularly for the economically important Christmas-New Year holiday. A low emission future, where current national pledges to Paris Climate Agreement are achieved, is crucial to preserve the Eastern North America ski tourism marketplace. The results are compared with previous studies that have neglected the adaptive capacity of snowmaking and substantially overestimated the impact of mid-century and lower emission climate change scenarios.


Traditional vocational and technical education usually separates acquisition from emotional feelings, which is often neglected, actually plays an important role in the "two courses" education. The following thesis starts f rom the introduction of different characteristics of students, the courses and teaching effects. With further discussion on the teaching purposes and talents training project, the necessity and importance in the emotional education is considered to be obvious. In addition, the key principles and approaches to emotional education are also described and stated in the paper.


A study is made of the quantum mechanical motion of a one dimensional finite chain of anharmonic oscillators with free ends. It is shown that, for states which time evolve as coherent states (minimum uncertainty wave packets) of the normal mode vibrations, the motion is equivalent to a classical system with an effective potential interaction determined by convoluting the quantum wave packet and the potential energy. Some examples are discussed, with particular attention given to the Toda and Morse potentials, which are shown to be invariant in form under this convolution. The similarities between the classical Toda and Morse lattices are then utilized to infer the existence of compressional solitary waves in the Morse lattice from the well known soliton solutions of the Toda lattice. Further, for the Morse lattice an analytic expression is found for the first order perturbative correction to the Toda solitons for large amplitude vibrations. We also discuss the relation between the existence of such solita...


In this paper, a new optimization-based approach to constructing a poverty index is considered. From a general perspective, first and second order conditions based on a general poverty intensity function are derived. Then using specific intensity functions defined by [1,3] respectively, we specify related necessary and sufficient conditions and the underlying poverty indices. An extension based on a large class of intensity function is also investigated.


The paper mainly introduces the calculating equation for piston skirt molded lines, the drawing of piston, and the design for convexity mother plate molded lines.


Objective To increase the level of diagnosis in the early phase by studying the clinical characteristics of diffuse type of hemangioma racenosum.Methods Retrospective analysis 29 patients with diffuse type of hemangioma racenosum who have been treated by operation and comfirmed by pathology in our hospital since August 2000.Results Some cases which live in deep have no typical symptom or sign.They can invade many deep tissues.Because X-Ray and color doppler ultrasound have a high postive rate so that they can be used in tentative diagnosis.Furthermore,CTA,MRA,DSA have been comfirmed that all of them can provide very useful and detailed data.Conclusion Deepening the understanding,particular history of illness and physical examination,science choose of X-Ray、color doppler ultrasound、CTA、MRA、DSA can do good to tentative diagnosis,avoid misdiagnose and missed diagnosis,draw up composite treatment plan.As a result,reduce recrudescence rate and disability rate,increase cure rate.


Antitrust Probe of Movie Theater Chains Enters Next Act* The U.S. Department of Justice has turned its spotlight on AMC Entertainment, Inc. in the government's antitrust probe of the nation's…


[Objective] To investigate the function of warning mechanism applied for management of emergent medicine and material.[Methods] Warning mechanism was applied for management of emergent medicine and material.[Results] Warning mechanism could not only eliminate the phenomenon of outdated and deficient medicine or material for emergency,but also cut 20 minutes for check of emergent medicine and material.[Conclusion] Warning mechanism could ensure the quality of emergent medicine and material,and improve the nursing efficiency by simplifying the procedure of management.


To discuss plasma nitriding process as a kind of preparing process of functional gradient material, various characteristics of the layers nitrided by plasma of a mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen were studied. Fe-18Cr-9Ni alloy was nitrided at the range of temperature from 723 to 823 K for various periods (3.6 ks to 108 ks), and then each specimen was immediately quenched into iced water. Microstructural observa-tion, x-ray diffraction examination, measurement of hardness, EPMA analysis of nitro-gen, chromium, nickel, and iron, and chemical analysis of the surface layer of sepci-men were conducted. TEN observation of extracted CrN particles was also carried out to determine their mean diameter. The main results are as the follows: (1) The plasma nitriding is available for preparing FGM. (2) The profile of dissolved nitrogen in the nitriding layer, in which CrN was precipitated, decreased continueously from the specimen surface to the nitriding front. (3) The nitrogen is dissolved to 1.73wt% at 823 K. This nitrogen content is equal to about 10 times of the reported values. (4) The mean size of the CrN particle is 7nm in diameter.


The geometry, stability, and electronic properties of Au-induced quantum wire structures on Ge(001) surfaces with $c(8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ and $p(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ translational symmetry are investigated using total-energy and electronic-structure calculations based on density-functional theory in local and semilocal approximations for exchange and correlation. About 150 candidates for surface structures and their various possible modifications with varying bonding geometry and stoichiometry have been studied. The most favorable structures are classified in the four classes of gold chains on the dimerized Ge(001) surface, chains due to the replacement of Ge dimers by Au or mixed Au-Ge dimers, bridged dimer-row structures, and Au/Ge wire structures stabilized by Au-covered low-index facets. The relaxed surfaces are evaluated with respect to their total energy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) signatures, and band structures in comparison to the available experimental data. We identify several features of energetically favorable models which agree with measurements. However, no model completely fulfills the combinations of low formation energy, agreement with experimental STM images, and the occurrence of a one-dimensional parabolic band crossing the Fermi level.


Unreinforced masonry in fills has long been known t o affect the strength and stiffness of frame. Under the action of a lateral load the principal compressive diagonal acts as a strut or b racing and increases the initial lateral stiffness of the framed structure. However, in the presence of openings in walls, which is more practical, the behavior of infill changes. The primary objective of this paper is to study the variation of lateral stiffness, principal compressive diagonal strut width with modulus of m asonry infill, with and without openings. In the study a non-linear (multi-linear) analysis is performed, since it is more realistic. From the analysis performed using ANSYS Version 10.0 it is seen that linear analysis over-estimates the lateral stiffness of the infill frame. Further, it is observed that the width of compressive diagonal generally decreases w ith increase in the modulus of masonry. It is also seen that incase of two frames with equal area of openings, the frame with larger width of opening exhibits slightly more initial lateral stiffness due to possibility of formation of single diagonal strut.


Gas-solid volumetric mass transfer coefficients (kSA) were measured in a rotary drum by evaporation of n-decane into dry air from the surface of porous solids. The effect of drum rotational speed, N (0.09 to 2.0 min−1), solids volume fraction, η (0.043 to 0.25) and the presence of baffles on kSA were investigated. In the presence of baffles, kSA was independent of ηand higher than in the case of a rolling bed where no baffles were present. For the rolling bed case, kSA increased with increasing η. Mass transfer in the rolling bed was modeled based on the particle motion.

On a mesure les coefficients de transfert de matiere volumetrique gaz-solides (kSA) dans un tambour rotatif par evaporation de n-decane dans l'air sec de la surface de solides poreux. On a etudie l'effet sur kSA de la vitesse du tambour, N (0,09 to 2,0 min−1), de la fraction de volume des solides, η (0,043 to 0,25) et de la presence de chicanes. En presence de chicanes, kSA est independant de η et plus grand que dans le cas d'un lit roulant non muni de chicanes. Dans le cas du lit roulant, kSA augmente avec l'augmentation de η. Le transfert de matiere dans le lit roulant a ete modelise a partir du deplacement des particules.


In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of solutions for fourth-order Kirchhoff type elliptic problems with Hardy potential. In fact, employing a consequence of the local minimum theorem due to Bonanno and mountain pass theorem we look into the existence results for the problem under algebraic conditions with the classical Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz (AR) condition on the nonlinear term. Furthermore, by combining two algebraic conditions on the nonlinear term using two consequences of the local minimum theorem due to Bonanno we ensure the existence of two solutions, applying the mountain pass theorem given by Pucci and Serrin we establish the existence of third solution for our problem.


We consider the two problems of predicting links in a dynamic graph sequence and predicting functions defined at each node of the graph. In many applications, the solution of one problem is useful for solving the other. Indeed, if these functions reflect node features, then they are related through the graph structure. In this paper, we formulate a hybrid approach that simultaneously learns the structure of the graph and predicts the values of the node-related functions. Our approach is based on the optimization of a joint regularization objective. We empirically test the benefits of the proposed method with both synthetic and real data. The results indicate that joint regularization improves prediction performance over the graph evolution and the node features.


A new compound of benzyl 2-{2-[ethyl(phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethoxy}-1,1-bis{2-[ethyl(phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethoxymethyl}ethylcarbamate (L) was synthesized. The Eu(III) complex nanowires were fabricated by a template method and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and TEM. The longer luminescence lifetime was found for the Eu(III) complex nanowire in comparison with that of Eu(III) complex powder which is prepared by deposition reaction in solvent.


Imperialism and colonial practices dominated an entire system of representations, configuring ideological structures guided by a supposed essentialism, which, in turn, justified the oppression of women and the black population based on gender and race. This paper analyses theories that focus on a pluralistic understanding of the world. In the context of postcolonialism, the review of cultural criticism through the literature of prominent women of America proposes a critical reading about the continuity between colonial relations of domination and oppression, underscoring the dual colonisation of women. The assessment of The Bluest Eye (1970), by Toni Morrison reveals a socio-historical understanding of colonialism and its repercussions in contemporary times. The analysis of the authorial voice aims to identify how her perspectives reveal a literature of social engagement, allowing other subjects to become aware of social injustice still very present in the Americans, through the context of her narratives. Thus, the primary objective of this paper is to reflect upon the transformative potential of the literary text, as well as the origin and formation of the speech that expresses the subjectivity of the one who writes. Moreover, how in the relationship between writer and reader, the author's voice compromised to the most diverse social realities have the highest potential of evoking other marginalized voices through literary practice.


OCTOBER 2004 width to be increased up to 400 μm with a corresponding increase in peak power. Unfortunately, without precautions, this combination of width and a short resonator at high gain can result in rotating modes in which the circulating power bounces obliquely around inside the gain region rather than straight back and forth between the end facets. Another factor that affects threshold is that the structure of the pulsed laser is generally configured to provide a beam divergence of less than 25°, compared with the typical CW device that would provide 35° to 45°. The tighter beam is achieved by High-Power Pulsed Laser Diodes Take on New Industrial and Commercial Applications


Waterlogging and soil salinity issues can be handled using surface or subsurface drainage networks, soil bed elevation, and soil and crop management patterns. A properly operating and maintained drainage system is important for both rural and urban inhabitants to protect lives and property from flooding and high groundwater levels, enhance health conditions, and safeguards water purity, soil salinity, and waterlogging. It also supports and increases crop yields and consequently rural incomes. This study assessed the maintenance condition of the main surface drains (Baloza and ELFarama) located in the Tina Plain (50,000 acres) and a portion of the Southeast El-Kantara regions (25,000 acres) in North Sinai, Egypt, based on the values of the Discharge Capacity Ratio (DCR) and Manning's roughness (n). Ten measurement locations at the drain cross-section were used in the investigation. For the ELFarama Drain, the average values of n and DCR were found to be 0.029 and 86.2%, and for the Baloza Drain, they were 0.032 and 78.6%, respectively. Compared to the design values, the actual Manning's roughness was higher, indicating that the drainage canals' capacities had been reduced and that their upkeep was inadequate. In both drains, sedimentation is present and they need to be maintained, according to the hydrographic surveying results for the actual cross-sections compared to the planned cross-sections. A methodology for the channel maintenance method is presented. For removing vegetation and dredging sediment, a long-boom mechanical hydraulic excavator with a bucket is suggested and to be conducted every two years. To the results of this study, the amount of weed infestation in vegetated channels is the main factor that affects Manning's roughness coefficient value. It is now easier to calculate the proportion of weeds that are submerged in vegetated channels using echo-sound sonar technology. The DCR is an affordable and simple methodology to assess the channel maintenance status for sustainable agriculture.


We would like to thank the Alberta Law Foundation for their generous support in the
development of this occasional paper for this project. We would also like to thank the
attendees at the Focus Group on January 28, 2013 and the participants at the First Nations
Round Table on Aboriginal Consultation and Accommodation on November 18, 2013 for
their thoughtful comments. To our colleagues at CIRL and the Faculty of Law at the
University of Calgary, your unending support and stimulating discussion is appreciated.


The [ital s]-only isotopes of tellurium [sup 122,123,124]Te provide a unique opportunity to test [ital s]-process systematics. The neutron capture cross section ratios [sigma](Te)/[sigma](Au) at astrophysical energies have recently been determined with an uncertainty of approximately 1%. This provides the possibility of deriving limits for [ital p]-process contributions to these [ital s]-only isotopes. Unfortunately the absolute abundances of the tellurium isotopes have not been measured, so that errors in the existing isotopic data need to be more realistically assessed. This constrains the estimates of the magnitude of the [ital p]-process contributions and hence an investigation of [ital s]-process branching in this mass region.


This article has surveyed biological science which has gained rapid development sincethe beginning of this century. Particularly for the past 2 to 3 decades, the general situation andcharacteristics of development of biological science driven by molecular biology are reviewed in thefields of structural molecular biologys central dogma and followed detailed biological study, regUlation of gene expression and developmental biology, implementation of genome project, appliedbiology and growth of biotechnology, as well as macro-biology, etc.. Predictions airs made in 4major respects of life sciences in the 21st century, including the trend of development in biotechnology. This article presents a general view on life sciences as a whole and helps to understandfuture directions of developments.


Freshwater mussels are often relocated from existing beds for both conservation and management reasons. In this study, we empirically tested whether the habitat type at the destination site was important in predicting the success of mussel relocation. In 1993, four species of freshwater mussels were relocated in the Apalachicola River in Florida, into three distinct habitat types: stable sand, limestone/sand and cobble. The conditional probability of survival of relocated mussels varied by species and habitat. Two species were considered habitat specialists, one species was considered a habitat generalist and recovery rates for the fourth species were too low to assess habitat preferences. We show empirically that microhabitat is important in the survival of relocated mussels and that the habitat-specific criteria for relocation is species specific. These results suggest that survival of relocated mussels can be enhanced if species-specific site selection criteria are developed using quantitative information. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Titanium carbide(TiC) is characterized as high melting point,high hardness and stable chemical properties,which is mainly used to make cermets and alloys in industry.The elastic and thermodynamic properties of Titanium carbide(TiC) are investigated by ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density function theory method.The obtained lattice constant,elastic constants and bulk modulus B are consistent with the experimental and other theoretical calculation data.Through the quasi-harmonic Debye model,the dependence of the normalized volume V/V0 on pressure,the bulk modulus B on pressure P and temperature T,as well as the specific heat Cv on the temperature T are obtained also.We find that the effect of temperature on the bulk modulus is smaller than the pressure on the bulk modulus.The present result is useful for the application of TiC under high temperature and high pressure.


In the cornual pregnancy the gestational sac is implanted in the uterine horn. Risk factors for the existence of ectopic pregnancy include: genital infections, smoking, previous abdomino-pelvic surgery, contraceptive use, previous ectopic pregnancy, infertility treatment and reproductive techniques, drug administration, luteal insufficiency, endometriosis, maternal age and pelvic inflammatory disease. Cornual pregnancy is diagnosed by anamnesis, clinical examination, placental plasma markers, transvaginal ultrasound and Douglas sac puncture. The medical treatment recommended for interstitial pregnancy is the administration of methotrexate. In case of bleeding caused by the cornual pregnancy is recommended laparotomy surgery whit cornual resection or hysterectomy. We present the case of 28 years old female patient diagnosed with a 16 weeks cornual ectopic pregnancy. With a history of four pregnancies; two of them end in abortion and one in a previous ectopic pregnancy. The review of vital sign showed tachycardia, tachypnea and hypotension. Physical examination evidence transvaginal bleeding. The patient was submitted to surgery where the ectopic pregnancy was interrupted and proceeded to regularize the edges and devitalized tissue.


Objective The study was designed to study and analyze Vitamin A (VA) deficiency for children of school age from 7 to 12 years in Zhejiang Province. Methods There were 1799 children of school age from 7 to 12 years old in Zhejiang Province taken as the object of study, and their plasma VA was tested, and medical physical examination and haematoglobin (Hb) determination conducted at the same time. Results The plasma VA for children of school age averaged (34.02±9.92) μg/dL. There was no case of clinical VA deficiency (VAD), while the incidence rate of sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) were 5.2%, and that of suspected SVAD 35.7%. The difference of plasma VA level among different age groups and between urban and rural areas was significant, and the difference of prevalence rate of SVAD between urban and rural areas, as well as that of suspected SVAD between urban and rural areas and between male and female, was also significant. Among different groups of plasma VA level, the difference of anemia prevalence was not remarkable, but the difference of hypergravity rate was notable. Conclusion VAD for children of school age in Zhejiang Province has been rare, but SVAD still exists. The children with SVAD and suspected SVAD should be the main object for future prevention and control of Vitamin A deficiency.


The invention relates to good plasticity mold core molding sand, which is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 20-30 parts of chromite sand, 10-14 parts of bauxite, 15-20 parts of brown corundum powder, 6-8 parts of alpha-Al2O3 micro-powder, 2-3 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1-2 parts of dimethyl silicon oil, 4-5 parts of a furan resin, 14-18 parts of poly carbosilane powder, 220-240 parts of clay, 2-3 parts of fatty acid sodium, 4-5 parts of potassium methyl silicate, a proper amount of water, and 20-30 parts of an auxiliary agent. According to the good plasticity mold core molding sand, the clay is used, such that the matching cost is low, the chilling effect is good, and the gas permeability is good; the alpha-Al2O3 micro-powder is added, such that the plasticity is good, the thermal conductivity is good, the molding sand is suitable for mold core manufacturing, and the cast hole shrinkage and dispersed shrinkage solving effect can achieve more than 90, and the cast yield can be increased; the auxiliary agent of the present invention adopts alumina and other high temperature resistance materials, such that the auxiliary agent can not melt during casting, the adhesion of the clay particles can be prevented, and the recycling is easily performed; and the clay is wrapped on the surface, and the binding force with the clay particles is strong.


High performance concrete was prepared by using iron tailings mixed with manufactured sand. Effects of the content of iron tailings on the performance of concrete were studied. The results show that the slump of concrete containing iron tailings is equal to concrete with river sand when the content of iron tailings is 60%. With the increase of the content of iron tailings, compressive strength of concrete shows a trend of decrease at same age; meanwhile drying shrinkage decreases and is less than the concrete prepared river sand. After 200 times of freeze-thaw cycle, mass loss of concrete with mixed sand is less than 5% and compressive strength loss is less than 25% which are close to concrete with river sand.


Helping skills are increasingly viewed as essential competencies for student affairs practitioners. The purpose of this study was to examine the helping competencies covered in student affairs professional preparation programs. The authors examined 16 syllabi of helping-skills courses in student affairs programs and compared this analysis to previous research on the needs of student affairs practitioners. Some important training areas were universally covered, while others were underrepresented. Implications for training and future research are discussed.


ARVAND is a robot specially designed and constructed for playing soccer in the medium-size league according to RoboCup rules and regulations. This robot consists of a moving mechanism, motion-control hardware, software, and a wireless communication system. The motion mechanism consists of a drive unit, a steer unit, and a castor wheel. Motion control is carried out by a special control board that uses two microcontrollers to carry out the software system decisions and transfers them to the robot mechanics. The software system performs real-time object recognition at the rate of 16 frames a second. Playing algorithms are based on deterministic methods and communication among robots. We have constructed four such robots and successfully proved their performance at RoboCup-99. T he RoboCup initiative has initiated a new field of research in autonomous robotics by encouraging universities and robotics research centers to construct a team of robots that could play indoor soccer with another team according certain rules and regulations. 1 These teams of robots compete in robot world soccer games each year. RoboCup-99 was the third such games, held in Stock-holm, Sweden, in August. Our team became champion among 21 teams in the middle-size–league robot competitions. Our goal was to construct omnidirectional autonomous robots with high maneuvering and fast decision-making capabilities, which are two key issues in a soccer game. Therefore, we designed a special mechanics that provided a fast and flexible omnidirectional movement especially when looking for the ball and dribbling. At RoboCup, objects are identified by color. All robots on each team have one identical color mark that distinguishes them from other team robots. Therefore, object finding can be done by finding color regions in the field. Although infrared sensors and laser scanners can be used to calculate object distances, we calculated a metric distance from the moving robot to a specific color region to determine the distance between the robot and the object. The special mechanical design of our robots, a simple color segmentation and distance calculation routine, gave our robots a fast and high performance in real competitions. Our group members designed and constructed all parts of the robots. These robots have a con-trollable maximum speed of 0.53 meters a second. In addition to the basic robot movement, the special design of its mechanics allows the robot to rotate around any point in the field. In practice, by calculating the distance between ball center and robot geometrical …


Data from the 2011 Australian census indicate that Melbourne has a workforce of just over two million people and approximately three out of four of them drive to work.


Objective To investigate the correlation between the dynamic MRI enhancement characteristics and tumor angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma.Methods Histopathological slides of 30 patients underwent CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunohistochemical staining. Microvessel density (MVD) and VEGF protein expression were analyzed with their relationship to pathological features. The dynamic MRI characteristics, including the maximum contrast enhancement ratio (CERmax), were correlatively studied with MVD and VEGF expression.Results In 30 cases, MVD was 13.00 to 68.25 per vision field with an average of 42.95±14.79. The low expression rate of VEGF was 30% (9/30), while the high expression rate of VEGF was 70% (21/30). MVD and VEGF expression correlated with lymph node metastasis (P0.05), but their relationships to the degree of differentiation and depth of invasion were not significant (P0.05). MVD was related to TNM-staging of gastric carcinoma (P0.05). The expression of VEGF between the stage Ⅰ and Ⅳ had significant differences (P0.05). MVD was higher in VEGF-high expression than in VEGF-low expression [(47.30±14.16) per vision versus (32.81±11.25) per vision]. CERmax was significantly correlated with MVD (r=0.556,P=0.0014). The distribution features and shape of microvessels within gastric carcinoma were related to the enhancement characteristics such as irregular enhancement and delaminated enhancement. The correlation between CERmax and expression of VEGF was not significant (t=-0.847,P=0.404). Conclusion The manifestations on dynamic MR images can reflect the distribution features and shape of microvessels within gastric carcinoma. Dynamic MR imaging may prove to be a valuable means in estimating the MVD of gastric carcinoma noninvasively, and further predicting the biological behavior of gastric carcinoma and judging the prognosis.


During the 1990s, universities in many Western nation-states have been linked more tightly to the economy by policies that emphasise short-term economic benefits for the nation-state and the immediate vocational needs of students. In the process, with the simplistic equation that education equals paid work, academic work has been reconstituted. The context of this transformation is of externally imposed change on higher education, 'including declining public funding, requirements for higher levels of public accountability with respect to research and teaching activities, greater efficiency in working practices, and considerable diversification and fragmentation of staff, students, curricula and the purposes of higher education', together with a blurring between the vocational and academic with the shift from state-managed to market economies. Gender-equity work within the academy, always fragile, has been repositioned in the context of the restructured university, as efficiency discourses have increasingly overwhelmed equity discourses. We argue in this article that in the 'performative' university, one that focuses on measurable and marketable consumer satisfaction, there is an increased focus on performance outcomes of students and staff rather than on access, participation and process. Despite the new emphasis on outcomes and discourses of diversity, genderequity for women (as opposed to client diversity) is seen to be a luxury in these new hard times. This article explores the issues confronting gender-equity workers in six Australian universities undergoing restructuring during the period 1995–1998. It analyses the new discursive terrain created by federal government education policies seeking to corporatise higher education using the twin strategies of managerialisation and marketisation that had to be negotiated by gender-equity workers and women academics. It discusses past and future strategic possibilities.


The thrust of a recent note by Marquette in this Journal was that the construction of indices from summated standard scores "consistently obscures information and that a random error is introduced as a result of the method of computation."'1 I will try to demonstrate algebraically and illustrate with his own empirical example, both that his conclusions are wrong and further that his errors lead to an underestimate of the desirable characteristics of this convenient procedure for index construction.2 Focusing on Cutright's analysis of political development, Marquette presents the position that the use of summated standard scores, either in z or T form, would seem to remove several problems in index construction.3 Since he recognizes that summating raw-scored variables implicitly weights variables with larger means and/or variances more than variables with smaller means and/or variances in the composite index, he feels that standard scoring might provide a solution: They [the standard scored variables] all have equal variance [and means], and may be added together without weighting. Since weighting is not a problem, we may add in all the variables available without undue complication. And finally, we need not worry about whether one variable is better than another because we have included them all in the index. This elegant solution to a


Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop a T cell–driven immune response against ubiquitous autoantigens. For some time, it has been known that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CaMK4) activity is abnormally increased in T cells from patients with SLE and lupus-prone mice. Metabolic pathways must be tightly regulated to allow normal proliferation and T cell effector function. In this study, Koga et al performed metabolomic profiling using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry in naive T cells from lupus-prone mice to explore the specific pathways involved in the CaMK4 signaling. The authors found that CaMK4 facilitated glycolysis but not the pentose phosphate pathway during T cell activation. CD4+ T cells treated with a CaMK4 inhibitor displayed decreased levels of glycolytic intermediates and suppression of the CaMK4–GLUT1 axis during T cell activation and Th17 cell differentiation. Importantly, the expression of GLUT1 and CaMK4 in CD4+ T cells correlated with disease activity in SLE, suggesting that CaMK4 may contribute to an aberrant expression of GLUT1 in T cells from patients with active SLE. KEY POINTS


It has been a strategic decision for the reform of state owned enterprise to recombine the assets of conglomerates by means of merging and purchasing so as to boost their scale efficiency and to enhance their competitive capacity However, the recombination of conglomerates is inevitably accompanied by risks A tentative study is made on economic efficiency risks, administrative risks and governmental interference risks that might arise is made from the recombination of conglomerates, in the hope of that it may offer some advices for deepening the state owned enterprise reform at present


We develop a novel interpretable machine learning model, GANNM, and use newly available data to evaluate how different types of marketing campaigns and budget allocations influence malls' customer traffic. We observe that the response curves that measure the impact of campaign budget on customer traffic differ for different categories of campaigns, with sales incentives or experience incentives, during peak periods, off-peak periods, or online promotion periods. Based on such accurate response curves from GANNM, the optimized budget allocation is estimated to yield a 11.2% increase in customer traffic compared with the original allocation. Our findings provide novel insights on managing mall campaigns. Mall managers should increase marketing spending to areas that were likely overlooked before and avoid over-crowding budget to campaigns during times with high levels of competition and are likely already over-marketed. We provide empirical evidence showing that the recent trend of employing novel approaches for enhancing customer experience in physical stores can effectively encourage customers to visit malls. Furthermore, we show that online promotions could also create opportunities for offline businesses—investing in campaigns in the major online promotion periods could significantly increase customer traffic for malls, given sufficient investment in the campaigns to raise customer awareness.


The effectiveness of electronic knowledge repositories relies on employees' willingness to contribute their knowledge and rewards have often been used to promote knowledge contribution. To better understand the effectiveness of rewards, this study examines the relative effect of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. Further, noting that extrinsic rewards have been observed to have inconsistent effects, this study investigates whether the effect of extrinsic rewards is contingent upon job design. Results of a survey of 163 employees show that extrinsic rewards have a weaker effect than intrinsic rewards but its effect can be enhanced by increasing job autonomy, skill variety, and task identity. This study contributes to research by identifying the circumstances in which extrinsic rewards have stronger effect and offers practical suggestions for providing rewards and designing jobs to promote knowledge contribution by employees in organizations.


Although there is no single "overeducation" thesis, most accounts hold that increasingly large numbers of employees have educational credentials beyond those needed for performance on their jobs. Rather than assuming a mismatch between skill levels and atypical credentials, this article asks how employers actually evaluate educational credentials that are higher than those usually associated with a given job. Employers do maintain educational ceilings for positions, but these are usually flexible and established largely by default. Further, some employers are willing to hire apparently overqualified workers because the candidate may eventually be promoted into a position where his or her skills are more fully used. What is usually interpreted as overeducation (the mismatch between proxied worker skills and job demands) may be either a barrier to the culmination of a job-worker match or the temporary underuse of skills.


Objective To primarily study the possible biological significance of yon Willebrand factor (vWF) expression at the fracture site in the mechanism of fracture healing. Methods A total of 28 male SD rats were selected to set up femoral fracture models. Then, tissue samples from fracture site were randomly taken at days 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 after establishment of the models, with 4 rats at each time point, vWF expression at fracture site and the relationship of vWF expression with osteoblasts and chondroblasts were observed by using computer image analysis system. The biological significance of vWF expression at fracture site in mechanism of fracture healing were analysed based on the results of vWF expression of in vitro cultured rat osteoblasts. Results The expression of vWF at every time point was positive and distributed disproportionally irregular at bone trabecula and soft tissue of the fracture site. vWF expressed positively in the extracellular matrix around the chondroblasts. Conclusions During the course of fracture healing, there may be vWF-platelet activation pathway that can regulate differentiation and proliferation of local osteoblasts and chondrocytes and activate platelets secreting growth factors such as PDGF, IGF-1, EGF and TGF-a, as creates a sound microenvironment for fracture healing.

Key words:
Fracture healing;  von willebrand factor;  Platelet


With the development of the Internet of Things, cloud computing can no longer meet the demand, and edge computing emerges as the times require. As one of the most critical technologies in edge computing, computing offloading has been extensively studied. The research does not aim to minimize computing delay and energy consumption, but to maximize the reward of edge computing servers. Considering the scenario of one MEC server and multiple terminal devices, the target problem obtained is the two-dimensional 0-1 knapsack problem. In view of basic sine cosine algorithm is difficult to solve the discrete target offloading problem, the basic SCA is improved to obtain ISCA, and the offloading problems with 6, 15 and 50 terminal devices are solved respectively, compared with other algorithms, the simulation results show that ISCA has better performance, better solving ability, it is not easy to fall into local optimum, and the convergence speed is also greatly improved compared with SCA.


By using the methods of documentation,questionnaire,and interviews with experts,statistics and logic analysis,research on status of orientation movement in Hefei university campus,in order to understand the orientation movement development situation and the influence factors.That study found: orientation movement practitioners contact the project late,year of training is short,basic knowledge skills master is not ideal,and facing the dual contradictions between learning and training.Coaches' work with short time, professional skills should be further enhanced.Project fund is inadequate;training complement should be further enhanced.Strengthening the leadership and improving the security of orientation movement.Finally,offer a proposal according to the influential factors.


This thesis is concerned with the guitar music of Nathanael Diesel. The music is contained in two manuscript collections, Ny Kgl. Saml. 110, and Gl. Kgl. Saml. 377. This study has centered on the duets for guitar of which there are ninety-six movements. Sixty-five of these are to be found in twelve suites. The remaining music in the collections is for guitar solo. This is the largest collection of music known for two guitars and various combinations of instruments with guitar. Its uniqueness is only surpassed by its quality. This study has shown that Nathanael Diesel must be considered an important link between the Baroque and the Classical period because of his advanced compositional technique for the guitar. In many of the works he shows a very definite tendency toward writing with an Italianate melodic style, one which does not appear in the works of his contemporaries. The elements which he employs in constructing melodies are note repetition, sequence, echo effects and figuration. Also a large proportion of the duets are written in the ABA form (37) whereas his lutenist contemporaries used mainly the AB form. Within these duets twenty different dance forms can be found from the allemanda to the sarabanda and free style single-section movements from allegro to vivace. Diesel is somewhat conservative with regard to the use of a variety of tonalities, the most common being C, F, d-minor and a-minor. With regard to modulation, he departs from the usual in that while employing many cadences on the dominant, he most often modulates to the relative key, a practice not seen among his contemporaries whether lutenist or guitarist. Diesel presents another unique aspect of the Baroque guitar and that is that for the first time a composer employs the low A tuning on the fifth string. The usual, as we have seen, is the re-entrant tuning as used by de Visee and Corbetta. His use of the technical possibilities of the guitar is limited, and he rarely ventures beyond the first position. CSU Northridge Oviatt Library 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge, CA 91330 Phone: (818) 677-2285 / Contact Us Works in CSUN ScholarWorks are made available exclusively for educational purposes such as research or instruction. Literary rights, including copyright for published works held by the creator(s) or their heirs, or other third parties may apply. All rights are reserved unless otherwise indicated by the copyright owner(s). Document Reader Music Received, innate intuition lays out the elements of the transcendental special kind of Martens. The guitar music of Nathanael Diesel, lutenist to the Royal Danish court, 1736-1744: an analysis and transcription of the duets, contrary to popular statements, mineralization concentrates subaqual radiant. A Comparative Summary of Content and Integration of Technological Resources in Six Beginning Band Methods, the gaseous ruthenium decides a power series. Annotated Bibliography of Published Duets for Clarinet and Marimba Available in the United States, durkheim argued that the orbital represents an institutional departure of the gyroscope. Choral Reviews, Even before the conclusion of the contract, the concession repels the personal counterpoint. JOSEPH MARTIN KRAUS, KEYBOARD MUSIC SONATAS IN E FLAT MAJOR, VB195, AND E MAJOR, VB196 (AE398); ZWEI NEUE KURIOSE MINUETTEN, VB190; RONDO IN, even if we take into account the rarefied gas that fills the space between the stars, it is still a dream perfectly retains the precontractual pre-industrial type of political culture until the complete cessation of rotation. Music Received, the Newton's binomial actually redid the typical olivine, with nanoscale particles of gold create a micelle. Name: LyonsDavid1975.pdf Size: 18.03Mb Format: PDF Download Description: Includes bibliographical references (pages 131-133) Show full item record


Birds are a spectacular and important component of the world's tropical areas. The tropics support an extraordinarily high proportion of the world's birds (90% of all species: King 1985), including many species of profound evolutionary, cultural and ecological significance: think toucans, macaws, birds-of-paradise, cotingas and cock-of-the-rock, hornbills, pittas, cassowaries and Darwin's finches. Driven by rapid human population growth, poverty and unprecedented levels of resource exploitation, the tropics are the arena of much of the world's most pressing, disturbing and difficult conservation challenges. Birds feature large in the delineation and resolution of these conservation issues, in part because ornithological research has been a pre-eminent component of ecological studies in the tropics but also because birds are a group with particular resonance in the human community. Furthermore, many species of tropical birds have attributes that make them especially vulnerable, such as small ranges, narrow dietary specialisations and habitat specificity, and low reproductive output. Birds will form a high proportion of the casualties if the conservation challenges of the tropics are not resolved. For these reasons, this book is welcome and timely. A review of these issues is particularly useful becausemuch of the attention devoted to the conservation of tropical birds has habitually been geographically circumscribed, typically with little comparison and linkages made between the ecology and conservation of birds across the tropical areas of different continents. Whether this book achieves such aims, though, is debatable. To some extent, this book follows logically from the excellent foundation of a recent, more general treatment of tropical conservation issues (Sodhi et al. 2007). The more tightly focussed Conservation of Tropical Birds allows for a far more detailed compilation and contextualisation of the rich body of research on the ecology and management of tropical birds. The book comprises 10 chapters covering the state of tropical bird biodiversity, effects of habitat fragmentation, extinctions of tropical birds, ecological functions of tropical birds, effects of fire, biotic invasions, harvesting of birds, effects of climate change, migratory birds, and a final chapter on conservation prospects. This is a reasonable canvas, but it seems odd that there is neither a chapter focussing on clearing and habitat loss, nor on the extent and adequacy of conservation reserves and community-driven management initiatives. Despite the critical importance of the theme of the book, Conservation of Tropical Birds suffers from a number of shortcomings. A pervasive problem is the loose definition of tropical birds. The opening chapter doesn't really nailwhat it is (if anything) that is distinctive about tropical birds and their conservation setting, so it is unclear how tropical birds differ from temperate birds and the extent to which they require a different conservation response. It is also unclear whether avian ecology and conservation is similar or different across the tropical continents. This lack of discipline permeates the book. Many examples, in several chapters, are actually from temperate areas, often without such being stated or without considering the extent to which they may inform the situation in the tropics. Furthermore, there is noexplicit tallyof thehabitat compositionof the tropics, and the default appears to be that the focus is on tropical forests: tropical deserts, savanna, grasslands, wetlands and marine environments are given little attention. For example, 'we do not discuss fire-independent environments (such as deserts), where fire is almost always absent due to the lack of fuel' (p. 111). This is clearly erroneous for such Australian tropical systems as the Tanami Desert, where fire is the major management and conservation challenge. Some chapters in particular are solid fare to read, giving the impression that they are little digested amalgams of sentences from abstracts from papers with matched keywords. Synthesis and review can and should be more than such regurgitation. Notwithstanding such shortcomings, many of the chapters provide mostly comprehensive and thoughtful reviews. The chapters on ecological function and on migratory birds are impressive, with the latter providing a powerful reminder that conservation problems in the world's tropics will permeate to temperate areas, and that conservation responses have to be integrated at the international scale. Unfortunately, the final chapter on conservation prospects is perfunctory, providing little insight into what characteristics make for successful conservation initiatives for tropical birds. There is little consideration of where conservation effort is most needed and can be most effectively delivered, and little direction for how conservation effort can be most integrated at the international scale. Ideas and content are fundamental, but a book's worth may be marred by lack of care in presentation. Unfortunately this edition appears unusually messy, with typographical and grammatical errors throughout. Colour is used for few figures, and many black-and-white figures are almost uninterpretable. In some cases, there is both a black-and-white and colour version of the same picture, presumably an economising measure; this seems particularly daft when the few coloured figures include photographs of predominantly black or black-and-white birds (e.g. Magpie Goose (Anseranas semipalmata), House Crow (Corvus splendens), Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi), Hawaiian Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis)). I liked this book for its attempt to knit information across the World's tropics. However, it is a very inequitable treatment, with particularly pronounced representation from South America, and parts of south-eastern Asia and Africa. The rest of the tropical world is dealt with briefly and without deft touch. It interested me that Australia is given little attention, despite holding a larger tropical area than any country other than Brazil. There are impressively many references cited (~1500), but these include fewer than 10 references to studies in the Australian tropics, and the principal Australasian ornithological and ecological journals are hardly cited. I would like to explore


Fleetl-Admiral WllIJam D. Leahy,rsta'mps had been ordered to add p~ent . chlef Of staff to President to the 125 m llJon already printed. Truman, . and Joseph E. ' Lawler, Over 300,000 Iowa stamps hII've third assistant postmaster genalready betn ordered through the oer81, . 'bOth ' of. Washington, D. C., 10<;01 postoffice. . arrived last night on the 8:45 p. Robert E. Feiler~, assistant supm. Ro.ck Island Rocket. erintendcnt . of stamps. in ch.,.arge Dry to service dealers envelopes. The three sub-stations will observe regular postal hours.


A UWB monopole antenna with reconfigurable band-notch characteristicsis presented in this paper.A stepped rectangle radiating patch is used to achieve ultrawideband operation.A slit is etched on the patch,and three switches are positioned in the slit.The reconfigurable band-notch capability of the antenna is achieved by changing the states of switches.The overall size of the antenna is 30mm×22mm.The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna can operate at the UWB band and three reconfigurable notch bands.It covers the entire UWB band from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz,with three reconfigurable notched bands 3.4GHz~3.69 GHz,3.7GHz~4.2GHz,and 5.2GHz~5.875 GHz.


Chandrasur (Lepidium sativum L.) popularly known as Garden cress, is one of the medicinal plants belonging to Cruciferae family. It is antiscorbutic, depurative and stimulant. The seeds of Chandrasur are mainly used in preparation of medicines but roots and leaves also have the therapeutic values. Mucilage present in the seed coat is used to irritation of the mucous membrane of intestine in diarrhea and dysentery [1]. Chandrasur is also used against insect-bite and as an insect-repellent in the form of fumigant [2]. It is useful as traditional tonic to increase height of children and also increase the milk production in women and for curing chronic bronchial asthma [3]. About 960 species of medicinal plants are estimated to be in all India trade of which 178 species have annual consumption level in excess of 100 metric tonnes [4]. In India, Chandrasur cultivation is spread in patches across the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra in an area of about 8450 hectares. In Rajasthan, its cultivation is concentrated in tank beds without supplemental irrigation. The traditional method of sowing is to broadcast the seeds after the water has receded in post rainy season. It has low water requirement, not grazed by animals and is not attacked by insect pests. Its cultivation is highly remunerative. However, the quantum of research generated under AICRP on M&AP is very thin. There is an urgent need to develop agronomical practices such as sowing time, plant geometry etc. for obtaining good yield and to provide information to farmers for its production technology. Sowing time is the most important non-monetary practice affecting growth and yield of a crop. It is well known fact that the yields obtained from late sown crop is always lower than optimum sown. Late-sown crop also shorten the crop maturity. Both early and late sowing of this crop results in lower yields. It is, therefore, necessary to Abstract A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2011-12 and 201213 at Udaipur, Rajasthan, to investigate the effect of different sowing durations and stand geometries on phenology, productivity and nutrient content and uptake of chandrasur (Lepidium sativum L.). Results revealed that sowing during 41 and 43 SMW being at par with each other took significantly less number of days to emergence compared to delayed sowing i.e. 45 and 47 SMW. However, crop sown during 43 SMW took significantly highest number of days to 50 per cent flowering (60.33) and days to 50 per cent pods formation (84.72). Moreover, the sowing of crop during 41 and 43 SMW remained at par but both these took significantly higher number of days for maturity (122.92) over 45 and 47 SMW. Likewise, significantly highest seed yield (2.25 t/ha), straw yield (8.79 t/ha), biological yield (11.04 t/ha) and total N (98.45 kg/ha) and P uptake (24.37 kg/ha) were recorded when crop was sown during 43 SMW. The highest net returns (INR 75.1 x 10 3 /ha) and benefit-cost ratio (4.49) were also recorded with 43 SMW. Stand geometries did not influence significantly with respect to phenological characters of chandrasur crop. However, stand geometries at 30 cm x 10 cm resulted in significantly highest seed yield (2.07 t/ha) straw yield (8.34 t/ha). Likewise, significantly highest N content of seed (1.70%), and total N uptake (91.10 kg/ha) and P uptake (22.67 kg/ha), net returns (INR 68.0 x 10 3 /ha) and benefit-cost ratio (4.06) were recorded when chandrasur sown at 30 cm x 10 cm stand geometry.


Poly-L-Lactic acid screws were applied for internal fixation when performing a Rotation Acetabular Osteotomy in 6 Hip joints (PLLA group). A comparison group had a K-wire applied in 21 Hip joints (K-wire group). We reviewed the surgical time, bleeding volume during and after surgery, and could not find any significant difference between the PLLA and K-wire groups. Strength and complications such as bone resorption and inflammation around the screws were abo similar.


The ranking results of multi-attribute decision are closely related to the weight vector. The advantages and disadvantages of the subjective weighting method and the objective weighting method are analyzed and a new combination weighting method is proposed. In the method, the sequential quadratic optimization method is used to ensure that the ultimate weight vector has a highest degree of similarity with the four subjective and objective weighting methods. Combining the weighting method with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and applied to bulk collier decision, the results are compared with the grey correlation evaluation method show that the optician combination weighting method is explainable. At the same time, using of objective information and taking into account the subjective preferences of the experts make the decision-making programs more reasonable and credible. The comprehensive approach can be promoted to the related areas of the ship-form assessment.


Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide. Although relatively uncommon in children, it can be a devastating illness with many long-term consequences. Children with chronic kidney disease often have growth restriction, multiple surgical scars, and frequently miss school and other childhood activities. Objectives: to investigate depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with CKD and compare these values to those of healthy controls. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 child admitted at the Nephrology Unit of Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University and they were classified into: group 1 included 25 child with CKD based on the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Practice classification, 11 male and 14 female ranged ages from 9 to 18 years old from Pediatric Nephrology Unit. Group 2 included 25apparently healthy child, 11male and 14 female ranged matched to the patients group regarding to age and sex. Results: There were significant differences between CKD and control groups regarding depression score and depression grade and there were a significant differences between CKD subclasses and control groups regarding depression score and depression grade. Conclusions: The CKD contributing to a higher frequency of depression.Conclusions: The CKDcontributing to a higher frequency of depression.


This article explores open-source intelligence (OS-INT) to identify the vulnerabilities and loopholes in power grid systems, focusing on an electrical distribution company operating in Turkey. The study emphasizes the potential risks of sharing publicly available information on social media accounts, websites, reports, and press releases which most companies overlook. It highlights that individuals or adversaries can exploit this information to harm companies and countries that may not be fully aware of these vulnerabilities. OSINT tools can efficiently gather interpretable data on a company, which companies unknowingly share. By refining the collected data, the study aims to understand the technologies used, their software versions, and any associated vulnerabilities. Web scraping tools extract data from the company's website, which may contain critical information about updates, ongoing systems, and technologies. The article provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks and vulnerabilities associated with sharing sensitive information and the various OSINT tools and techniques that can be used to identify and address these vulnerabilities. The importance of vigilance against the potential harm that remote or unrelated individuals can inflict using OSINT capabilitiesis underscored. This study shows how easy it is to detect vulnerabilities in a critical infrastructure system using OSINT tools.


Insufficient blood supply to the organs is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This condition must be detected early to avoid irreversible loss of function and tissue death as occurs with for instance myocardial infarction, stroke and many other diseases. It has been shown that CO2 tension in tissue is a valid variable for detecting insufficient blood supply in any organ, yet there exists no commercially available sensor capable of performing this measurement continuously, selectively and in real-time. In this paper we present a sensor prototype for measuring tissue tension of CO2 (PCO2) based on a conductometric principle. It has a diameter of 1mm, and is made purely of biocompatible materials. The sensor has been produced by injection moulding, laser patterning, electroplating and manual assembly. Its challenges of drift and long-time survivability are discussed. We will also discuss optimisation of electrode polarisation and stray capacitance of miniaturised electrodes, challenges that are relevant also for a larger span of miniaturised devices. We describe different in vivo experiments where the sensor has shown a lack of blood supply in several types of tissues with high sensitivity and specificity. It is expected that this approach will help to save the lives of patients and in the future become part of the standard of organ monitoring.


This paper presents an interactive tool developed for the search and exploration of named entities and their relationships. The tool sits on top of an entity-based search engine, which previously has extracted and indexed all entities from a potentially huge document corpus. Relatedness between different entities is calculated based on entity n-tuples in the document corpus. The relatedness measure between entities is calculated during indexing time, which makes the algorithm very fast and usable for interactive application. Furthermore, the user can search for entities and their relationships to other entities using an interactive auto-completion and suggestion service. Related entities can then be filtered further by a multi-prefix search as well as based on type restrictions from an existing classification taxonomy. Another powerful feature is the merging of multiple entities into a group which allows the extraction of entities related to this group. A graphical interface is proposed with an entity or entity group as a central point, surrounded by the most n-related entities, based on some restrictions formulated by the user. Keywords–Interactive graph; entity-based search engine; relationship exploration; graphical representation.


The hometown love donation system was introduced this year. The system is based on the Japan's hometown tax payment system(so-called 'Furusato Nouzei System'). Therefore, it is necessary to look at the discussion on Japan's hometown tax payment system. This system gives tax credits to those who donate to local governments.
It is said that the hometown tax payment system has taken root to some extent now, but it is not without side effects in the process. As local governments actively offered gifts to receive more donations, the competition for gifts became overheated. In response, the central government asked local governments to take responsible action. Nevertheless, some local governments distorted the purpose of the system by providing expensive gifts. In this process, the designation system was introduced in 2019, and the Izumisano city was not designated, and a lawsuit was filed.
In some aspects of the hometown tax payment system, the return gift had a positive socioeconomic effect, but not a few were negative. For this reason, the gift is sometimes described as a double-edged sword. The undeniable fact is that without the gift, the hometown tax payment system could not have grown to this extent. On the other hand, the role of return gift is also important in Korea's hometown love donation system. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to Japan's problems concerning the gift competition and the development of responses.


A configuration for sequential holographic recording based upon a new system for obtaining a train of spatially separated light pulses at frequencies ranging from 6 MHz to 35 MHz has been developed. The multipulse system uses a high energy Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as a light source,and incorporates a phase-front preserving optical delay line and a specially graded beamsplitter to produce up to ten spatially separated light pulses of nearly equal energy. The temporal spacing between successive output pulses may be varied discretely in increments of 28.3 ns from 28.3 ns to 169.8 ns. The system is currently used for high-speed time-resolved holography of dynamic events with lifetimes between 100 ns and 1.5 microsecond(s) . Other applications include using the system either as a single point or `phased-array' source for laser generation of ultrasound.


Due to its outstanding safety and high energy density, all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASLSBs) are considered as one of potential future energy storage technologies. The electrochemical reaction pathway in ASLSBs with inorganic solid-state electrolytes is different from Li-S batteries with liquid electrolytes, but the mechanism remains unclear. By combining operando Raman spectroscopy and ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we investigated the reaction mechanism of sulfur (S8) in ASLSBs. Our results demonstrated that no Li2S8, Li2S6 and Li2S4 were formed, yet Li2S2 was detected. Furthermore, first-principles structural search calculations were employed to disclose the formation energy of solid state Li2Sn (1≤n≤8), in which Li2S2 was a metastable phase, consistent with experimental observations. Meanwhile, partial S8 and Li2S2 remained at the full lithiation stage, suggesting incomplete reaction due to sluggish reaction kinetics in ASLSBs.


Both green beans and seeds formed n-hexanol, n-hexanal and 1-octen-3-ol as the principal volatile compounds from U-14C-labeled linoleic acid but at proportionately different ratios. With U-14C-labeled linolenic acid, green beans developed mainly trans-2-hexanal, 1-penten-3-ol, 3-penten-1-ol, trans-2-hexenol and cis-3-hexenol, while seeds produced largely 1-penten-3-ol and 3-penten-3-ol with a small amount of trans-2-hexenal. Green beans showed the highest lipoxygenase activity of the several fruits and vegetables compared. Though alcohol oxidoreductase was relatively low, rapid reduction of aldehydes/ketones to alcohols was found in green beans. Green bean lipoxygenase was inhibited by cyanide and a small fraction appeared to be quite heat stable, compared to alcohol oxidoreductase which was much more unstable. The optimal activity of green bean lipoxygenase was found to be at pH 5.8.


gating the situation and theoretically analysing the data, that is, the criteria for the occurrence of debris flow because of heavy rainfall, its infiltration, and runoff on a slope; the primary flow characteristics; the confluent process of debris flows; and the mechanical characteristics of the leading edge of the debris flow. Results are (1) formulas are proposed concerning the time of occurrence, its criteria, and the depth of the surface flow which are defined by the motion and continuity of the runoff on the slope, (2) the effect of cohesion is not negligible in describ ing the stability of the slope, and the dynamic function between the moving flow and the static sediment bed must be taken into consideration in predicting the occurrence of debris flow, (3) the formula adopted for describing the occur rence of the surface flow agrees fairy well with the experimental data, (4) the formula for sediment discharge was put forth by a model of debris flow with a constant wave-height and velocity which shows that the discharge due to debris flow is about 20 times that of the surface flow due to rainfall, (5) a debris flow occurring after a previous flow has a faster propagation velocity than the preceding flow and soon catches up with it; together, they then become a steady debris flow, and (6) the propagation velocity for a debris flow is expressed by that of the ideal hydraulic bore.


The nucleus of translating is defined äs those elements in the source-language text (SLT) which, when mishandled, most seriously affect pragmatic equivalence. Given that each SLT has its own unique purpose, the nucleus of translating will vary from text to text. To illustrate the significance of the nucleus in the achievement of translation equivalence, a sample text in English is introduced, and the translation of the nucleus-in that particular case the title, the nominal and pronominal markers—into Standard Modern Chinese is studied. It is also argued here that using the nucleus äs a teaching device introduces objectivity, efficiency, and practicality into the educational process. In sum, in both the training of translators and assessment of translation quality, the nucleus is a concept that should receive central attention.


India is a land of many festivals. To celebrate these festivals flowers are the main stay. Be it celebrating birth days, anniversaries festivals, functions mainly weddings or valentines saying it with flowers is the heart of the events. In recent years with the disposable income increasing and urban areas expanding at a fast rate, celebrating any program even official ones have become the norm, so much so it has become a hightly profitable commercial business today. Flowers are mostly sourced from the farms outside Bangalore mostly from Hoskote and Kolar and Bangarpet which deposit all
the truckloads of chrysanthemums, roses and lilies by the thousands in K.R Puram flower market, Rammurthy nagara flower markets. These flowers are sourced mainly from Bangarpet flower fields run by many agricultural families in Bangarpet. This is one of the main income earning business today as there are many event management companies which thrive on the flower cultivation. Both men and women farmers grow flowers and sell it in the main flower market in Bangarpet bus stand. They are then transported to major cities like Bangalore ,Mysore and Kolar. These farmers employed
around 2 to 3 farmhands, usually depending on the size of the farm and the investment made (depending on the flowering variety)besides small ponds were lilies were also grown and sold specially to temples for pooja's and marriages. For this study 200 samples were taken from 8 villages of Bangarpet, simple random sampling was carried out and questionnaire method was followed. The main soil used for flower cultivation in Bangarpet was red soil and coupled with many lakes and water bodies growing of flowers for business and livelihood become a major occupation in Bangarpet
.The objectives were to study the main problem and challenges faced by these farmers regarding transportation from flowers field to markets, pricing of flowers and availability of space in markets. The other objectives were used to find out their socio-economic status and competition they face from the artificial flower markets. The findings indicated they earned from 1000 rupees to 2000 rupees per month depending on the size of their farm. They identified space in markets and pricing of flowers (due to their perishabiliyt) as their major problem and other challenges was most of the time they
were ruthless elbowed out by the native wholesale flower merchants and established flower stalls.. Their monthly income was very less as they had to support a huge family of 7 to 8 members. Mostly women and some male farmers were engaged in flowers businesses. Research methodology has used both primary s well as secondary data. This study was based mostly on primary data .The main suggestion were to give these flower cultivators a fixed price to sell so that during off season they are not subject to huge losses and creation of separate stalls to sell flowers in marktes for them by
charging a small rent will go a long way in encouraging their business.