(54) BETAVOLTAIC BATTERY WITH A SHALLOW (52) U.S. Cl. ..................... 438/19,438/56; 257/E21.465 UNCTION AND AMETHOD FOR MAKING (58) Field of Classification Search .................... 438/19, SAME 438/56 See application file for complete search history. (75) Inventors: Michael Spencer, Ithaca, NY (US); MVS Chandrashekhar, Columbia, SC Primary Examiner — Jarrett Stark (US) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — MaxValueip LLC


In the development of the investigation topics of significant interest were approached for the design of a communication proposal. Starting from momentous historical moments as the discovery of America the
possibility is generated from a new trade system to world level with a marked economic, social reality and politics as preamble for the new global classification and liberate market, Ecuador it doesn't escape to this reality, it is then that it should structure an entire juridical mark that regulates the commercial relationships; it is so, July 13 1966 are sent the Organic Law of Customers with their consequent creation of the Corporation Ecuadorian Customs, under this scenario he/she FALLS her he/she is responsible for the surveillance and control in the entrance and people's exit, goods and means of
transport for the frontier areas as much to the north as to the south of the country.


T.K. Oommen, Social Inclusion in Independent India: Dimensions and Approaches. New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan, 2014, 342 pp., ₹795, ISBN: 9788125056294.


In November 2010, a community of practice was formed at McMaster University around accessible teaching and learning with an emergent focus on web accessibility. The nimbleness of the community of practice structure allowed the actionoriented group to plan and undertake a number of web accessibility initiatives, including the development of a centralized accessibility resource website for the university. The session will highlight the enablers and challenges in mobilizing web accessibility projects as a community of practice, and discuss how – in conjunction with official committees formed to address policy change at the institutional level – communities of practice can play a critical role in addressing attitudinal barriers and supporting a culture change as part of a broader web accessibility strategy. Best Practices Session Proposal When working in a multi-stakeholder environment like a university, community buy-in is critical to the success of any proposed project, initiative or program. In light of recent provincial legislation in Ontario – the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) – the founding members of the Accessibility Community of Practice (CoP) recognized that, for a large institution like McMaster University, meeting both the spirit and the letter of the law would require a coordinated and streamlined approach. The Accessibility CoP brought together a broad range of stakeholders from across the institution, and its action-oriented focus captured the interest of the partners, leading to a commitment of resources in the form of time and skill sets. The session will outline some of the lessons learned throughout the Accessibility CoP's first major initiative: the development of a centralized accessibility resource website, set to have an institution-wide impact and benefit. In detailing both promising practices which emerged from the process, as well as pitfalls that affected the project, the session will highlight the advantages and limitations of approaching web accessibility using a community of practice structure. To conclude, the session will discuss future directions and projects for the Accessibility CoP, and explore the kind of work that can be done by a community of practice to promote a culture of accessible web design and development practices.


Primary objective: To evaluate mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) case ascertainment in the US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Research design: A sample of NEISS injury cases was analyzed. Two trained researchers independently reviewed diagnostic codes based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). The sensitivity and specificity of two NEISS TBI definitions were evaluated, and Kappa coefficients were calculated to evaluate the agreement between NEISS TBI definitions and the standard TBI definition based on the ICD-9-CM. Results: Our sampling procedures provided a total of 1,018 NEISS cases, of which 880 were injury cases and 138 were non-injury cases. Out of the injury cases, 54 cases were defined as mild TBI cases based on the ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. Compared with non-TBI injury cases, a significantly higher percentage of TBI cases (33.3% versus 15.4%) were infants less than 1 year old and TBI cases were more likely to be admitted for hospitalization. If TBI was identified using NEISS definition 1 (diagnosis code 52 for 'concussion'), the sensitivity was only 38.9% (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 25.9–51.9%). However, if TBI was identified using NEISS definition 2 (diagnosis code 52 for 'concussion' or 62 for 'internal organ injury' and 'head' was the affected body part), the sensitivity increased dramatically to 79.6% (95% CI = 68.9–90.4%). The Kappa coefficient for overall agreement between the NEISS and ICD-9-CM system was 0.528 (95% CI = 0.393–0.664) for NEISS definition 1 and 0.807 (95% CI = 0.723–0.892) for NEISS definition 2. Conclusions: The current approach of pediatric TBI case ascertainment in the NEISS faces some challenges in identifying mild TBI. Future research efforts are needed to refine TBI case ascertainment in the NEISS.


Based on the analysis of a curve of stress versus strain from the constant rate quasi-static experiment,it was found that the deform- ation of molded pulp material is divided three phases:elastic deformation period,viscoplastic deformation period and fracture period.Then a general rheological model of nonlinear elastic viscoplasticity was developed.The experiment results of two different molded pulp materials showed that the theoretical model is well agreed with the test results.


Three dimensional ( 3D ) processing of hydrogels has attracted much attention for fabrication of scaffolds in the fi eld of tissue engineering and soft actuators. For example, living tissues are soft 3D matrices with highly organized and strati fi ed architectures. Adhesion of hydrogels has therefore attracted attention because it is one of the most important processes for building functional soft constructs. To develop Tailor - Made hydrogel constructs, we developed the " electrophoretic adhesion " of cationic and anionic hydrogels. The adhesion of the hydrogels was achieved via electrophoresis to move the polyions inside the gels in order to form a polyion complex at the interface between the two hydrogels for adhesion. The present novel adhesion strategy will be useful not only for the adhesion of gels, but also for the fabrication of modular and reconstructible hydrogel materials.


Objective:To investigale the effect of needling combined with partial body weight support system(PBWS) training on the balance function of stroke Patients.Method:60 Patients were randomly divided into two groups,treatment group and control group.Patients in the control group were treated with the routine function training method,while those in the treatment group received the treatment of acupuncture and PBWS combined with the function training.All Patients were assessed combined with after training period.The evaluating items included Berg balance scale for balance function,Fugl-Meyer measurement for the motor function of lower extremities,Bathel index scales for ability of daily life.Result:There is a significant difference(P0.05)of after treatment of balance function,the motor function of lower extremities and ability of daily life between the two groups.Relationship found among balance function,the motor function of lower extremities and ability of daily life.was highly signifrcant(1=0.867~0.910 P0.01)Conclusion:Both needling combined with PBWS training in addition to the function training and function training can improve balance function,the motor function of lower extremities and the ability of daily life.But the former is better than the latter,and the thiee funitions are in close relationship.It indicated that the improvement of balance function is beneficial to the motor function of lower extremities and ability of daily life of stroke patients.


Australian populations of the Black-faced Woodswallow Artamus cinereus are divisible into two subspecies on the basis of whether the vent and undertail-coverts are white (albiventris) or black (melanops). These are in secondary contact in Queensland. Hybridization was quantitatively analysed using a hybrid index. Though genetic exchange between these subspecies is fairly extensive, there is a step in the morphological gradient of intergradation coincident with the Great Dividing Range and the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria. Their evolution is discussed and it is concluded that they diverged when conditions were extremely arid and the Carpentarian and Eyrean Barriers were simultaneously operative.


Spinal cord metastases are frequently discussed in the literature (2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 14) because of the heaviness of the neurological symptomatica, and low effectiveness of the various conservative and operative therapy measures. Some of these metastases develop yet before the c l in ica l picture of the primary focus is manifested. On account of dissenting li terature reports on the issue, an analysis is made of the case material, consisting of patients wi th carcinomatous metastases of the spine and spinal canal , hospitalized in neurosurgical hospitals throughout the country over the periods 1954 through 1969. On the basis of the results of the latter and personal experience had, we would l ike to share some of our concepts on the problem. During the period under review, a total of 200 patients wi th carcinomatous spinal-cord metastases underwent treatment in the neurosurgical c l i nical units and departments throughout the country. Compared to the total number of cases wi th spinal cord tumours (1339), they constitute 16.28 per cent, and rank on the third place after neurinomas (21.06 per cent ) and meningiomas (16.80 per cent). Figure 1 illustrates the follow-up data by years in a l l patients wi th neoplasms, carcinomatous metastases and parasi t ic cysts of the spine. I t can be seen from the figure that while parasitic cysts display an almost uniform distribution throughout the whole period, the overall incidence equally of spinal cord tumours and carcinomatous metastases, despite slight fluctuations, shows a tendency towards increase. I n a l l l ikelihood, their number is higher since part of the patients are never referred to neurosurgical c l in ics . Moreover, patients wi th multiple metastases in whom metastases in other organs are the primary c l in ica l manifestation, are not referred to neurosurgical units. According to data submitted by Karagyozov and Hristov, cases w i t h carcinomatous metastases rank on the first place among spinal cord neoplasms (63 out of 234, or 21.43 per cent). Distr ibut ion of the patients by sex is not uniform. Males prevail — 112 (56 per cent) against 88 females (44 per cent). Mature and advanced ages are mainly affected. The mean age of the patients is 56 years, but younger individuals are by no means spared. The age distribution in our series is the following: from 10 to 19 years — 1 case, 20 to 29—5, 30 to 39—12, 40 to 49—21, 50 to 59—80, 60 to 69—68, 70 to 79—11, and above 80 years — 2 cases. The site of origin of carcinomatous metastases is shown in F i g . 2. I t is evident from the figure that metastases of the spine and spinal cord canal are the most frequent in carcinoma of the bronchi and lungs — 42 patients


Ant colony optimization (ACO) methods, which imitate a mechanism of pheromone secretion when ants carry food to their nest, are one of efficient heuristic search methods for combinational optimization problems such as traveling salesman problems (TSPs) and so on. In this paper, we analyze the queen ant strategy ASqueen that is one of ACO methods more in detail by applying it to six kinds of city configurations included in the TSPLIB. Furthermore, in order to improve searching ability of the ASqueen, we propose a new method named "stimulative queen ant strategy ASS queen". As experimental results, we have clarified that the ASS queen shows better performance than the conventional ASqueen in the viewpoint of both "discovery rate of optimal solution" and "average number of iterations"


This paper considers conceptually different methods to define the influence levels of agents in social networks using the actional model developed earlier, namely, the general and initial actions-based ones. We study the general and initial actions-based influence levels of users that are selected by a given attribute in the VKontakte online social network.


Author Contributions: Drs Yuskaitis and Poduri had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Yuskaitis, Poduri. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors. Drafting of the manuscript: Yuskaitis, Poduri. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors. Statistical analysis: Yuskaitis. Administrative, technical, or material support: Yuskaitis, Sheidley. Study supervision: Sheidley, Poduri.


In this minireview, we address the trade-off between biological altruism (group adaptation resulting from the ability of an organism to improve the fitness of an associate at the expense of its own fitness) and symbiogenesis — the evolutionary pathway based on genetic integration of non-related species. We address symbiogenesis as a multi-stage process, which involves formation of superspecific hereditary systems — functionally integral symbiogenomes (under the facultative partners' interactions) reorganized into the structurally integral hologenomes (in the obligatory symbioses). The best studied case of symbiogenesis is represented by the evolution of the eukaryotic cell based on transformation of symbiotic bacteria into cellular organelles. This evolution is associated with the deep reduction of microsymbionts' genomes and with allocation of their genes into the hosts. As a result, microsymbionts lost their Genetic INdividuality (GIN), characterized by an ability to implement DNAand RNA-based template syntheses required for genome maintenance and expression. Under facultative symbiotic dependence on hosts, the partial loss of GIN is due to a "symbiont → host" altruism which in the N2-fixing microbe–plant symbioses results in formation of non-reproducible bacterial forms (e.g., intracellular bacteroids in rhizobia or multiple heterocysts in Nostoc). If micro-symbionts lose their ability of autonomous existence (e.g., in the vertically transmitted intracellular symbionts), they are switched to the "forced altruism" in which the GIN reduction is required for the stable persistence of symbionts in hosts. Therefore, organellogenesis involves the sequential increase of the symbionts' dependency on hosts: conditional → facultative → obligatory → absolute. It is associated with the reorganization of microbes into semi-autonomous cellular components, which may be completely devoid of their own genomes.


Preface. Introduction. Parts: I. General Aspects of Work and Organizational Psychology. Invited Papers: Contexts and Conflicts between Ergonomics and Industrial Psychology (A.F. Sanders). At the Crossroads: An Examination of Content and Values of Organization Psychology (F.A. Heller). Complete vs. Incomplete Working Tasks - A Concept and its Verification (W. Hacker). Ergonomics and Organizational Consulting: Accentuation or Neglect of Psychology? (P. Goguelin). II. Selected Topics: 1. New Technologies, Automation, Organization and Job Design (7 papers). 2. Employment and Unemployment Problems (7 papers). 3. The Effects of Work Characteristics (7 papers). 4. Personnel Selection, Career Planning and Development (7 papers). 5. Work Values (4 papers). 6. Safety and Prevention of Accidents (4 papers). III. Professional Problems. Invited Papers: Towards Successful Psychological Associations (T.A.J.M. Jonkergouw). What Organizational Psychologists Say they Do and what they Really Do (G. de Cock). (plus 2 other papers). Author Index. Subject Index.


A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.} degree in the department
of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering
Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna.
Niger State. Nigeria.
NOVEMBER, 2008.


The bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 strain JZ05-1(BVDV2/JZ05-1) was isolated in this experiment.Single dose,overdose and single dose reduplication safety experiment and immunogenicity experiment were carried out in this experiment.When the calves were immunized with BVDV2/JZ05-1,the safety and immunogenicity of BVDV2/JZ05-1 were examined.The results suggested that the immunization of BVDV2/JZ05-1 is safe for calves,and it can well protect calves from the BVDV.


The effect of a single dose of thyroxine on the cerebellar protein synthesis has been studied in 6, 10 and 14‐day‐old normal and hypothyroid rats. Doses of 10, 30 and 50 μg thyroxine were studied 24 hours after injection. Furthermore, a dose of 30 μg thyroxine was studied 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post‐injection.


Objective To observe the effects of extract Ginkgo biloba(EGB) on β1-integrin(Itgβ1) expression and extracellular matrix(ECM)secretion of glomerular mesangial cells(GMC) in rats induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods The cultured GMCs of rats were established in vitro,3-10 offspring of rat cells were used in the experiment after identification.Cultured GMCs were divided into 5 groups:control group,LPS group,high,middle and low dose EGB groups.The changes in ECM including laminin(LN),fibronectin(FN) and collagen type Ⅳ(ColⅣ) protein secretion were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay.The changes of Itgβ1 mRNA expression was detected by semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results 1.GMC could secrete some ECM protein in normal culture medium,and GMC secreted ECM protein was higher significantly in LPS group than that in control group(Pa0.01),but significantly lower in all EGB groups than that in LPS group(Pa0.01).2.GMC could express low level Itgβ1 mRNA in normal culture medium,Itgβ1 mRNA expression was higher significantly in LPS group than that in control group at all time points(Pa0.01),but lower significantly in EGB group than that in LPS group(Pa0.01). Conclusions LPS can induce the increase of ECM secretion and Itgβ1 mRNA expression;EGB can inhibit the ECM secrection and Itgβ1 mRNA expression induced by LPS in GMC as dose-dependent manner.Renoprotective effect of EGB may be involved in inhibiting the ECM secretion and cytokines expression.


The Confucius Institute's primary focus is mainly on the teaching of the Chinese language abroad. However, there seems to an inadequate understanding of the "Cultural Element" of such a task, for the founders of the Confucius Institute have overlooked the crucial link that language has as both a method of communication and a vessel for cultural exchange. Thus having led to a sort of misunderstanding between the institute and its foreign counterparts. Such a flaw in the orientation will seriously affect the growth and development of the Confucius Institute.


Detecting salient regions in an image or video frame is an important step in early vision and image understanding.

We present a visual saliency detection method by measuring the difference in color content of an image

segment with that of its neighbors. We represent each segment with richer color descriptors in the form of a

regional dominant color descriptor. The color difference between a pair of neighbors is found using the Earth

Mover's Distance. The cost of moving color descriptors between neighboring segments robustly captures the

difference between neighboring segments. We evaluate our method on standard datasets and compare it with

other state-of-the-art methods to demonstrate that it has better true positive rate at a fixed false positive rate

in detecting salient pixels relative to the ground truth. The proposed method uses local cues without being an

edge highlighter, a common problem of local contrast-based methods.


Investigations of the method by which the plant body of Podostemaceae fastens to naked rocks in waterfalls refute the hitherto accepted existence of a special glue secreted by these plants. Instead, roots and crusts of Podostemaceae utilize bacteria, mainly cyanobacteria of biofilms, for attachment. These plants essentially depend on the sticky components (extracellular polymeric substances [EPS]) of slime‐coated cyanobacteria that live within biofilms covering the rocky substratum: the EPS of biofilm functions as the pasting agent. Adhesive hairs, developing from the lower side of the Podostemonad plant body, stick to the cyanobacteria threads and the biofilm matrix, which, in turn, fasten to the substratum. This mode, occurring widely, is exemplified herein with five Old World species of both subfamilies of Podostemaceae.


The SAMS gene was transferred by the shoot apical point of different inbred lines,which included Dan598,Zheng58,Chang7-2 and Ye478 through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.The transgenic maize were identified by PCR,and 35 positive transgenic plants were obtained,which showed that the SAMS gene has been integrated into the four different inbred lines.Besides we studied the important factors influenced the efficiency of the transformation.The results shows that the frequency of transformation were different with the various concentration of bacteria、 acetosyringone(AS) and the different time of infection.And we found that the bacteria concentration(OD6000.5-0.7),the infection time(25 min),the co-culture time(3 d),and the concentration of acetosyringone(100 μmol/L) were optimal.And Chang7-2 has the highest percent conversion with the optimal condition.


The nonintrusive load monitor (NILM) determines the operating schedule of the major electrical loads in a building from measurements made at the utility service entry. This paper describes techniques used to develop, test, and implement a transient event detector that extends the applicability of NILM to challenging commercial and industrial sites. Software has been developed that can flexibly and quickly simulate the electrical harness and loads in a building. Data from this simulator were used to design a transient event detection algorithm. This algorithm has been implemented on a real-time digital signal processing system that can be used to monitor actual loads in operation. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated with results from the prototype transient event detector.


List of Color PlatesList of Illustrations List of DiagramsForeword by Robert Farris ThompsonInterpenetrating Themes: A PrefaceAcknowledgments1. Crossing the Middle Passage: A Method2. Into the American Community3. Voices of Survival4. Sea Island Voices: From "My daddy's daddy's daddy..."5. African ResonanceEpilogue: To Build a NationNotes Bibliography: Works Cited Photographic Credits Index


Traditionally, studies of open innovation (OI) focused on high-tech industry. Though consumer goods industry is increasingly adopting online open innovation (OOI), managers are unclear about the trends of OOI. This study proposes a new classification of OOI in consumer goods industry: firm-led OOI and customer-led OOI, and identify the evolution trends of customer-led OOI. The finding is based on a longitudinal study of 138 cases. The results highlight the important areas that managers should pay particular attention to.


This paper discusses case studies that were set forth in TCRP H-36 – "Reinventing the Interstate: A 'New Paradigm for Multimodal Transportation Facilities" The project is tasked with identifying, evaluating and explaining the opportunities for improving travel services within freeway corridors by incorporating transit facilities. The paper draws upon a survey of existing multimodal (highway-transit) corridors in the United States. Information was assembled from discussions with transit engineers, a literature review and web searches and quantitative analysis. The analysis of case studies of multimodal highway corridors in the United States for TCRP H-36 suggest there are seven factors that contribute to the capability of transit lines to effectively compete with and survive in a corridor with a highway facility. These are: constrained highway capacity, urban form, station access, multimodal coordination, transit operating speeds, an effective downtown distribution system, and a strong central business district with limited and costly parking.


Different types of biochemical and physiological factors (including commonly used cellular and dietary antioxidants) affect the activity of therapeutic antibiotics. The findings from our lab have shown that the presence of glutathione, N-acetylcysteine or ascorbic acid in the growth medium decreases the bacterial susceptibility towards fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics. However the mechanism behind the antioxidant mediated protection against these two groups of antibiotics could be different. In addition, presence of glutathione increased antibacterial activity of β-lactam antibiotics showing that glutathione could act as a differential antibiotic susceptibility modulator for bacteria. Our data therefore demonstrate that therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotic treatment could be modulated by the dietary intake and cellular level of these antioxidants.


Using a simple overlapping generations model with the growth engine of public capital by incorporating the union wage setting, we examine the effects of fiscal policies on unemployment, economic growth and welfare in the imperfect labor market. We demonstrate that the growth-maximizing tax in the imperfect labor market is larger than that of the perfect labor market. However, as the allocation ratio of public capital increases, the growth-maximizing tax in the imperfect labor market approaches that of the perfect labor market, thus reducing the unemployment rate. The policy implications of the intergenerational welfare aspects are also mentioned.


In the complicated economic context, will survive only companies who can obtain recognizable products, with higher quality and who are economically efficient by reducing losses of any kind. An example of good practices is represented by SC Fibalco SRL, a footwear company from Craiova, Romania, which emphasizes the development strategy of the Quality Management and the value chain analysis. Fibalco's success is explained by the fact that the value chain analysis is a component of the quality management and the responsibility is distributed pyramidally starting from each employee to the top management. One of the chains in Fibalco's value chain is Industrialization of the new product, which is an element of originality and makes the difference between the theoretical and the practical approaches from the perspective of launching a new product on the market. Due to the Industrialization of the new product chain, in order to make it efficiently reproducible, many risks of failure are eliminated from the design phase, especially those related to the technical execution of the product. The result is a "clean" footwear product with clear lines without unnecessary sophistication. This paper demonstrates that the implementation of quality management and a complex value chain adapted to the company needs leads to brand value and loyalty among consumers.


A method for testing produced in a high variety in a continuous process wooden workpieces in various physical and / or chemical properties, in particular as regards the bulk density, characterized in that at least one sample timber piece (1) is removed from the process, it is then checked and, finally, the sample timber workpiece (1) is recycled back into the process, without causing the continuous process is interrupted, and that after extracting a sample wooden workpiece (1) in the sequence of wooden workpieces (1, 1 ', 1' ') remaining gap with one another, already tested sample timber workpiece (1) is filled.


Abstract. Applicant job pursuit intentions impact the composition of an organization's applicant pool, thereby influencing selection outcomes. An example is the self-selection of women and men into gender-congruent jobs. Such self-selection contributes to a lack of gender diversity across a variety of occupations. We use person-job fit and the role congruity perspective of social role theory to explore job pursuit intentions. We present research from two cross-sectional survey studies (520 students, 174 working adults) indicating that at different points in their careers women and men choose to pursue gender-congruent jobs. For students, the choice was mediated by value placed on the job's associated gender-congruent outcomes, but for working adults it was not. We offer suggestions for practitioners and researchers.


Project management practices in various spheres of human activity have received a considerable interest over the past few decades on the territory of the Russian Federation. In the modern world, considering an increase in the role of culture in socio-economic transformations, project management can be viewed as the most effective way to create the combination of traditional and innovative principles and the necessary measures to address various problems. However, little is known about the vital processes of project management in the arts sphere and the obstacles encountered in its implementation. The proposed study generalizes the experience of project application and seeks to define a methodology for strengthening cultural policy with the project-based approach.
The relevance of the findings for governmental and non-governmental employees and the potential implications for future research will be discussed.


Antioxidant and redox enzyme activities are known to be involved in the cellular responses to various stresses. Their variations were observed according to the growth cycle of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Peroxidase activity appeared to be notably higher in the early exponential phase than in the mid-exponential and stationary phases. However, catalase activity showed a variation pattern resembling the growth curve. Glutathione S-transferase activity was higher in the early exponential and late stationary phases. Activities of the two redox enzymes, thioredoxin and thioltransferase (glutaredoxin), were high in the stationary phase. However, their activities appeared to increase from the early exponential to mid-exponential phase. Total glutathione content had a varying pattern similar to that of thioredoxin and thioltransferase. However, its content in the early exponential phase was high. These results propose that antioxidant and redox enzymes tested are also involved in the mechanism of cell growth.


Myocardial bridge (MB) is occasionally recognized, especially of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) during cardiac catheterization when a physician notes systolic compression of a coronary artery. Pathologically MB occurs when a segment of the artery takes a short intramyocardial path rather than an epicardial course.1 Careful studies of MB document that both length and depth may be important, and these vary depending on the modalities used to assess, that is, angiography, computed tomography, or autopsy. We think the most accurate method of assessment of MB is computed tomography and the incidence of MB is 43% as reported by Liu et al,2 with highest presence involving the LAD (80%: proximal, 3%; mid, 58%; distal, 19%), followed by diagonal (12%), obtuse marginal (7%), and right coronary artery (2%). They also showed a good correlation with systolic compression and MB depth but not with length.

See accompanying article on page 1407

There is a higher incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with MB.1 The reasons have remained uncertain, …


The main aim of the article is to present possibility of negative influence of an AC 25kV traction system on the existing DC 3kV railway system and power network, due to the unbalanced AC traction load. In the article, apart from the main problems which could appear in the transition zone of AC and DC railway systems, the analysis of each system in separation is performed. Article also contains some aspects of voltage unbalance calculations and estimations. A Matlab - Simulink model of the DC and AC traction systems is done.


With the development of social economy,the urbanization continuously speeds up the pace of construction. In recent years,various of underground pipeline accidents break out frequently. On developing and practicing the project of Suzhou underground pipeline emergency treatment system,this thesis generally introduced the process,theory,and correlative technology of the underground pipeline system emergency treatment. Focused on the "12345" convenient service centre platform,making full use of GIS technology network analysis based on the realization of urban underground pipeline emergency treatment of automation and information.


Abstract : A simplified method is suggested for computing biological shielding for high-power betatrons which is accurate enough for solving practical problems of attenuation of bremsstrahlung, foreign, and accompanying electromagnetic radiations. In practice it can be considered that the effective energy of quanta of bremsstrahlung radiation is equal to one half the maximum energy of bremsstrahlung beta-particles at E(max) < or = 10 mev and to one third the maximum energy if 10 mev < or = E(max) 30 mev.


Few metiers are more difficult than that of comparative historical sociology. As in all historical sociology, empirical evidence must be brought to bear effectively on a clearly-defined problem of broader theoretical significance. As in all comparative history, the cases must be chosen appropriately in relation to the problem at hand, and the archives and secondary literature of two separate countries mastered. These are extremely demanding requirements, and few works in the field meet all of these criteria. Even a wrong-headed study, to be sure, may produce new insights about each national case by asking unfamiliar comparative questions; but the acid test must always be whether or not the theoretical analysis genuinely illuminates the historical material. Unfortunately, however, Jeffrey Haydu's book illustrates all too clearly the many pitfalls of this genre. Between Craft and Class sets out to compare the "factory politics" of skilled metal workers in the United States and Britain during the era of the First World War, based on case studies of Coventry and Bridgeport, Connecticut. Its central problem is to identify the conditions under which such groups may be mobilized for radical goals of "workers' control" in alliance with the less skilled, as opposed to craft sectionalism or economistic bargaining with management. The


BACKGROUND
 Cerebral stroke is a common cardiovascular disease in the field of neurology. Current imaging detection methods and psychological nerve scoring methods are characterized by low sensitivity and high subjectivity. Machine learning in artificial intelligence (AI) systems has shown high accuracy in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and has been applied in the field of neurology. At present, there are few studies on the application of machine learning to stroke diagnosis.

 OBJECTIVE
 The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of AI systems in stroke disease and to provide a reference for the application of AI systems in the field of medical neurology.

 METHODS
 A retrospective analysis was performed on 763 patients with stroke, of whom 183 (24.0%) had recurrent stroke, as confirmed by the neurology department of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to December 2019. Basic data and medical data of all participants were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox and logistic regression model algorithms were respectively used to predict stroke risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to detect the accuracy and sensitivity of the Cox and logistic models. According to the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm in machine learning, data were filled and preprocessed using mean value, median, linear regression, and normalized expectation-maximization (EM) methods. The influencing factors were selected using the conservative mean method, and the risk factors for stroke recurrence were predicted by the SVM model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was used to analyze and compare the prediction results of the three models.

 RESULTS
 The multivariate Cox model and logistic model analyses showed that family history of stroke, systolic blood pressure, history of heart disease, total cholesterol, disease progression, dietary habits, and history of hypertension were the main risk factors for stroke recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of the Cox model were 0.754 and 0.805, respectively. The AUC of the logistic model was 0.889. In the SVM model data filling algorithm, the median AUC was 0.874, which was significantly higher than that of the other algorithms (P<.05). The top 10 risk factors of stroke patients predicted by the SVM model included both clinically established risk factors and potential risk factors. The prediction results of stroke risk factors were in the order of 0.873SVM>0.861logistic>0.853Cox.

 CONCLUSIONS
 AI systems have obvious advantages in the prediction of stroke disease, and this work provides a reference for the application of AI in the field of medical neurology.


In various areas of China, the fourth largest sunflower-producing country in the world, 25 sunflower diseases have been reported: 19 caused by fungi, one virus disease and five caused by different species of broomrape. Their geographical distribution and economic significance are discussed. Fungi are the most prevalent disease causing agents in every region. More species of broomrape have been recorded in China than in any other country in the world. Orobanche coerulescens has not previously been reported to attack sunflower but is an important cause of disease in China. The number of diseases recorded differs among the regions, with 14 in North-east China, 11 each in North, North-west and South-west China, 10 in East China and six in Central and South China. This distribution broadly corresponds to the intensity of sunflower production. Only Puccinia helianthi and Septoria helianthi are reported in all the regions; 64% of the diseases are restricted to one or two regions. Alternaria helianthi, Septoria helianthi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Orobanche coerulescens are considered to be the most important, causing 10-50% losses in yield, and even crop failure in some areas in some years. Much work remains to be done on disease control to promote the development of sunflower production in China.


The invention relates to a testing device and method for simulating pavement of propping agents in a complex manual crack. The testing device is composed of a fracturing fluid preparing tank, a fluid injection pump, a simulation shaft, a plurality of adjustment valves, a flow meter, a pressure meter and the complex manual crack. The manual crack is composed of a primary crack body and a plurality of secondary crack bodies on the periphery of the primary crack body. Different crack states can be simulated. The manual crack is made of transparent organic glass, and the width and the complex degree can be manually arranged. By means of the testing device and method, the flow conditions of sand carrying fluid in the complex manual crack and the pavement conditions of the popping agents under the conditions of different crack widths, different sand carrying fluid sand proportions, different fracturing fluid leak-off rates, different crack complex degrees and the like can be simulated, and the visualization of migration and sedimentation of the propping agents in the complex manual crack can be achieved in the test process.


Introduction In the GSIA Journal for the year 2000, Stephen Mills's article on Millend Mill was published. He noted that the former textile mill had been converted in c. 1895 to a maltings. He commented that it was not know whether the maltings which operated between c. 1895 and the early 1930s lived up to the name of the company and operated as a pneumatic maltings. Stephen Mills also noted that the mill and maltings had been operated by the Sleeman Brothers, John and Oliver, and that they had a long history of milling around Portishead (Bristol) and Taunton.


The cysteine (Cys) residue at position 312 in the third transmembrane domain (M3) is conserved among 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5‐HT3) receptor subunits and many other subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) related Cys‐loop receptor family, including most of the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) and glycine receptor subunits. To elucidate a possible role for the Cys‐312 in human 5‐HT3A receptors, we replaced it with alanine and expressed the 5‐HT3A(C312A) mutant in HEK293 cells. The mutation resulted in an absence of 5‐HT‐induced whole‐cell current without reducing homopentamer formation, surface expression or 5‐HT binding. The 5‐HT3A(C312A) mutant, when co‐expressed with the wild‐type 5‐HT3A subunit, did not affect functional expression of receptors, suggesting that the mutant is not dominant negative. Interestingly, co‐expression of 5‐HT3A(C312A) with 5‐HT3B led to surface expression of heteropentamers that mediated small 5‐HT responses. This suggests that the Cys‐312 is essential for homomeric but not heteromeric receptor gating. To further investigate the relationship between residue 312 and gating we replaced it with amino acids located at the equivalent position within other Cys‐loop subunits that are either capable or incapable of forming functional homopentamers. Replacement of 5‐HT3A Cys‐312 by Gly or Leu (equivalent residues in the nACh receptor δ and γ subunits) abolished and severely attenuated function, respectively, whereas replacement by Thr or Ser (equivalent residues in nACh receptor α7 and GABAAρ subunits) supported robust function. Thus, 5‐HT3A residue 312 and equivalent polar residues in the M3 of other Cys‐loop subunits are essential determinants of homopentameric gating.


Inever expected to ride a retired race horse in Beijing on Saturdays. But in this city of unknown equestrian quantities I have found some of the best horse-riding training and facilities I've ever encountered, anywhere. Most of the instructors come from Inner Mongolia, home to most of China's horse culture. The horses meanwhile have been brought here from stables in Hong Kong and Australia. Many are retired racehorses, mild-mannered, gentle beasts who take students gently around the training pens. Lessons aren't cheap by any standards but the qual-


Oxfam's Inspiring Better Futures case study series seeks to inspire inform, and catalyse action to build a fairer, more inclusive and sustainable future. The stories show what is possible when people dare to hope, dream and create better futures against the odds. All the cases have achieved transformative change at scale by tackling structural causes of poverty or injustice, ranging from inspiring to aspira-tional journeys with strong promise. The cases focus on the economic, gender and climate crises and are all based in challenging contexts in predominantly lower income countries. Although conceived before the pandemic the series pro-vides compelling examples of how the world can achieve a just and sustainable recovery and build resilience to future shocks. You can also read the series syn-thesis paper at this link.


Electrochemical impedance and capacity data for porous nickel electrodes in 31% KOH at ambient temperature (20±2 o C) were obtained as a function of cycle number. The isopotential impedance magnitude at any given frequency, |Z|, decreased and the capacity of two types of sintered porous nickel electrodes increased during the first few hundred cycles, before becoming constant. Electrochemical impedance data were also obtained for a planar nickel electrode in 31% KOH as a function of applied dc potential to provide fundamental data for simulating the Ni(OH) 2 and NiOOH phases within the pores


The judgement of the Constitutional Tribunal under discussion concerns the issue of taxation of real estate and buildings owned by natural persons conducting business activity. Natural persons conducting such activity act in two ways under the tax law – as entrepreneurs and as private persons in the field of personal property (not related to running a business). The problem with the taxation of property held by these entities results from Article 1a(1)(3) of the Act of 12 January 1991 on the Local Taxes and Fees, which, in its literal wording, does not take into account whether a given real estate is actually or can be potentially used for the purposes of conducted economic activity. The judgement in question is an interpretative ruling – it does not definitively resolve the problem of taxation of land, buildings and structures related to running a business.


We propose the small‐angle flip‐flop (SAFF) pulse sequence as an alternative procedure for the rapid measurement of the 1H spin–lattice relaxation time in the laboratory frame (T1) of solid and liquid substances, in a time‐domain NMR experiment. Based on the original flip‐flop pulse sequence, this technique allows the fast estimation of T1 values of samples that require minutes to hours of acquisition time if traditional pulse sequences are employed. We have applied SAFF to different substances, with T1 ranging from microseconds up to seconds, including natural clays, polymers, and organic and inorganic solvents. We also demonstrate the potential of the pulse sequence in the real‐time monitoring of dynamic processes, such as the conformational changes of polymeric materials during heating. The results we obtained with SAFF are comparable with those acquired with the inversion‐recovery pulse sequence, with the addition of several benefits. This pulse sequence obeys steady‐state and magnetization‐conserving principles, making it possible to dismiss the need for relaxation delay times of the order of 5T1. SAFF has shown high sensitivity in the resolution of individual components of T1 in multiexponential systems and can be easily integrated to well‐established pulse sequences, such as Magic Sandwich Echo and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill, for the single‐shot determination of T1 and T2 or T2*.


The prospect of co-occurrence of Influenza (Seasonal Flu) and COVID-19 is potentially a worrisome future development that could get worse if infections are co-l


The assessment and proper management of plant genetic resources depends not only on knowing what species adn areas in need of conservation, but also on an appropriate database management systems to manipulate and share knowledge. With this in mind the Forest Planning and Management Project; a UK funded project attached to the Forest Department, initiated the computerization of the main collection held at the Belize National Herbarium in February 1997. The data were mostly entered by Mr. Ramon Vargas whose tie was provided by the Conservation Division of the Belize Forest Department. The database package being used is BGBase, which was developed by Dr, Kerry Walter and Dr. Rob Cubey both currently based at Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh and is used by 73 botanical institutions worldwide. BGBase is a relational database application designed to hold a wide range of biologial, geographical, bibliographical, and people-related data. BGBase is composed of several modules each of which is linked to the others using shared fields and files.


The giant African snail was confirmed to be present in Trinidad in October, 2008. The study presents a case study on the farmers' experiences with the giant African snail in Orange Grove, an active agricultural district in Trinidad which confirmed the presence of the snail in 2016, eight years after it was confirmed on the island. A qualitative approach was undertaken for this investigation. A semi-structured survey instrument was administered to thirty (30) participants who were impacted by the presence of the snail in their crop production fields. A purposive and convenience sampling strategy was used to select the participants for the study. Additionally, prolonged engagement and persistent observation techniques were used to capture the farmers' experiences with the snail infestation in their crop fields for a period of ten (10) months. The information gathered from the study was analyzed using thematic analysis. The main themes derived from the analysis were "crop production practices influence on the giant African snail infestation", "unmanaged and excessive weed growth" and "current approaches for controlling the giant African snail". The study concluded that uncoordinated approaches for the management of the snail population and the lack of collective action among the members of the farming community could sustain the pest population in this farming area. Strategic planning and collective synchronized action among the farmers are crucial to containing, suppressing and eradicating the snail population within this crop farming area.


The arrival of an American ambassador in Ottawa at the end of 1943 had led to Canada's speedy adoption of what had by then become the common practice of bestowing 'excellency' not only on ambassadors but also on lower ranking ministers plenipotentiary. As Canada's Department of External Affairs (DEA) saw it, the basic problem was that high commissioners lacked diplomatic immunity and had 'considerably lower' precedence than diplomats, whereas they ought to be treated as considerately as foreigners and rank with ambassadors. In considering what might be done, Britain was throughout guided by a determination that nothing must detract from the 'idea' of Commonwealth membership. The 1948 Prime Ministers' Meeting was, as usual, held in London and conducted on an informal basis, with no resolutions and no voting. The agreement to treat high commissioners and ambassadors as equal in status required the revision of national tables of precedence.Keywords: American ambassador; Britain's deliberations; Commonwealth membership; department of external affairs (DEA); diplomatic immunity; high commissioners; Ottawa


Through many years' observation and referring to internal concrete stress works,it analyzes causes of cement concrete crack,expounds field concrete temperature control measures and crack prevention measures,and puts forward processing methods.Thus,it guarantees the concrete engineering construction quality.


Title: Peopling the planet Authors: Philippe Rekacewicz & Philippe Riviere Keywords: #migration Data sources: R. Nielsen, J. Akey, M. Jakobsson, et al. "Tracing the Peopling of the World through Genomics," Nature 541 (2017): 302–10. Projection: Imago, by Justin Kunimune Publication: Sonia Shah, The Next Great Migration, Bloomsbury, 2020. our introductory piece.) —>


An enduring and probably intractable challenge for the law is the perceived desideratum that it should be consistent and predictable, that is, certain. Representative iterations of this attitude from the early seventeenth century include Sir Francis Bacon's observation that the "Primary Dignity of Laws" is "that they be certain,"1 and William Hakewill's affirmation that the common law "(as also all other wise Lawes in the World) delight in certainty, and abandon incertainty, as the mother of all debate and con fusion, than which nothing is more odious in Law."2 The problem of cer tainty in law, complex enough in any event, is probably even more complex in the context of judicial equity, which, historically, was intended to mitigate the rigor of the strict common law, to be responsive to the par ticular circumstances of individual cases. The flexibility of equity appears to be at odds with the desideratum of certainty. This problem was recognized at an early stage?certainly by the six teenth century. So, for example, William Lambard contemplates the specter of "an irregular and uncontroulable authority" as contrasted with "ruled Law and bounded Jurisdiction" and speaks of equity that is not "restrained


The model considered is that of ``signal plus white noise.'' Known connections between the noncausal filtering error and mutual information are combined with new ones involving the causal estimation error, in a general abstract setup. The results are shown to be invariant under a wide class of causality patterns; they are applied to the derivation of the causal estimation error of a Gaussian nonstationary filtering problem and to a multidimensional extension of the Yovits--Jackson formula.


Stress in organisation is an extremely important phenomenon. It is generally associated with several vital in- dividual physiological and behavioural symptoms. Stress has been defined in different ways over the years. Stress is not a medical diagnosis, but severe stress continues for long time leads to depression or anxiety, or more severe mental problems. Originally, it was conceived stress as pressure from the environment, then as strain within the person. In order to improve the healthy workforce in the organisation, individual stress levels should be identified and steps to be taken for reduce stress at work. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the main causes of stress, its adverse effect and effective way to manage them.


Since the publication of the original paper by Sowerby (1806) no investigator appears to have thoroughly examined Lernaeenicus spratta; even Scott and Scott (1913) in their monograph do not figure all the appendages.


In this paper we revisit and revise the method of Ma and Thorp [1] for computing all the real-valued solutions to the power flow equations. In a prior work we presented a counterexample to their algorithm [2]. Here we review the general topologically-inspired approach they proposed to trace between solutions assuming one solution is known. We offer a revision to the method by transforming the equations in such a way that all traces are bounded and all traces emanating from a known solution are explored. Results show that the revised method finds all real-valued solutions for power system problems reported in the literature for which all solutions are provably known, including the counterexample in [2].


Translation is a way of cross-cultural communication.In the process of translation,it inevitably leads to the transculturation which penetrates all levels of culture,from the surface-structure transfer to deep-structure transfer.And sometimes the transfer among the various levels may be staggered in a three-dimensional state. The cultural similarities,cultural differences,and the translators are the basis,reasons and catalyst of the transculturation respectively.


A practical and efficient method for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles has been developed via an iron-catalyzed one-pot tandem reaction. Various 2-aminobenzothiazoles were conveniently synthesized in moderate to excellent yields. It is highlighted that the reaction is conducted under ligand-free conditions in water.


The study of conceptions or beliefs about writing has recent history in Europe, especially as far as the study of personal conceptions is concerned. Students' participation in social practices shaped according to certain conceptions of writing contribute to how they learn to write and to a personal way of conceiving of writing, representing it to themselves and seeing themselves as writers. Thus, the personal conceptions are constructed within the framework of scientific and popular conceptions about writing as well as within the writing practices promoted by these conceptions. This chapter focuses on those aspects, and offers a comprehensive review of cognitive studies that analyze how students conceive academic writing, understood as those texts they write in the academic context, how these conceptions develop, and how they relate to academic writing practices. It finishes with a brief agenda regarding the conceptualisation of and research on writing conceptions for the coming years. Keywords: academic writing practices; Europe; scientific conceptions; students' conceptions


For computing the [Formula: see text]-means clustering of the streaming and distributed big sparse data, we present an algorithm to obtain the sparse coreset for the [Formula: see text]-means in polynomial time. This algorithm is mainly based on the explicit form of the center of mass and the approximate [Formula: see text]-means. Because of the existence of the approximation, the coreset of the output inevitably has a factor, which can be controlled to be a very small constant.


Thermodynamic models were constructed for a calorically imperfect gas and for a non-ideal gas. These were incorporated into a quasi one dimensional flow solver to develop an understanding of the differences in flow behavior between the new models and the perfect gas model. The models were also incorporated into a two dimensional flow solver to investigate their effects on transonic airfoil flows. Specifically, the calculations simulated airfoil testing in a proposed high Reynolds number heavy gas test facility. The results indicate that the non-idealities caused significant differences in the flow field, but that matching of an appropriate non-dimensional parameter led to flows similar to those in air.


By using the theoretical model and practical data analysis,the relationship between Shandong province's human capital and economic growth is studied systematically.The results indicate that the current public education system has simulative effect on human capital accumulation and economic growth;material capital and opening up is helpful for the talent aggregation and flow,promoting human capital accumulation,which is conducive to economic growth;Fiscal decentralization is conducive to economic growth and human capital accumulation;excessive financial burden has the opposite effect.Proposal is made on accumulating of human capital and promoting economic growth.


Cardiac sympathetic nerve dysfunction, which is assessed by I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging, is associated with the poor outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Serial evaluation of cardiac MIBG imaging was shown to be useful for predicting adverse outcome in CHF. However, there was no information available on long-term serial changes of cardiac sympathetic nerve dysfunction after discharge of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) hospitalization.

 We aimed to clarify the serial change of cardiac MIBG imaging parameter in long-term after discharge of heart failure hospitalization, especially relating to HFrEF (LVEF<40%), HFmrEF (40%≤LVEF<50%) and HFpEF (LVEF≥50%).

 We studied 112 patients (HFrEF; n=44, HFmrEF; n=23 and HFpEF; n=45) who were admitted for ADHF, discharged with survival and without heart failure hospitalization during follow-up period. All patients underwent cardiac MIBG imaging at the timing of discharge, in 6–12 months and in 18–24 months after discharge. The cardiac MIBG heart to mediastinum ratio (H/M) was calculated on the early image and the delayed image (late H/M). The cardiac MIBG washout rate (WR) was calculated from the early and delayed planar images after taking radioactive decay of I-123 into consideration.

 In HFrEF patients, late H/M was significantly improved from discharge to 6–12 months data (1.60±0.24 vs 1.75±0.31, p<0.0001). Late H/M of HFmrEF patients was also significantly improved from discharge to 18–24 months data (1.71±0.27 vs 1.84±0.29 p=0.043). On the other hand, late H/M of HFpEF patients was not significantly changed. As for WR, WR in HFrEF and HFmrEF patients was significantly improved from discharge to 18–24 months data, although WR of HFpEF was not significantly changed.

 The improvement in cardiac sympathetic nerve dysfunction was observed in patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF, not in HFpEF, after the discharge of acute heart failure hospitalization.

 Type of funding source: None


10th meeting of GRASS & GFOSS users The 10th Italian Congress of GRASS GIS and Geospatial Free and Open Source Software (GFOSS) was held on the26 and 27 Feb in Cagliari. Highlights included updates on major GFOSS projects (GRASS, QGIS), the presentation of new projects (SpatiaLite) and the public release of a free 3D visualization application suitable for distribution over the internet (RATMAN). Many users and developers connected to forge new business relationships and share new ideas.


The present invention provides the organic electroluminescence element, the terminal having the compound and using the same a thianthrene structure. An organic electroluminescence device, thianthrene


Objective To evaluate OXINIUM bearing surface used in hip arthroplasty of young patients. Methods From Jan 2005 to Feb 2007, 75 hip in 55 patients with average age of 48.1 years underwent hip arthroplastes with OXINIUM femoral head to high crosslinked UHMPE. To follow up these cases Harris score and radiological results were recorded. Results All cases got progress in joint function. The statistical results of Harris scores were significantly different (P 0.05). No case was found with radiological lucent line and no complication caused revision. Conclusion OXINIUM bearing surface certainly improved joint function especially for younger, active patients.


At the Cockpit Displays III & IV conference, diffractive color separation was proposed as a means for improving both the performance and efficiency of liquid crystal displays. This paper discusses that approach in further detail as well as the progress made in attempting to develop the necessary technology. A design for the color separator filter was made based around the use of an analog and binary fabrication technologies. Performance of the two resulting color separation filters will be discussed.


Abū al-Ḥusayn Muḥammad b. 'Alī b. al-Ṭayyib al-Baṣrī (d. 436/1045) was a student of qāḍī al-quḍāt 'Abd al-Jabbār al-Hamadhānī (d. 415/1025), the head of the Bahshamiyya, while at the same time being trained in medicine and philosophy. He criticized the principles of the Bahshamiyya in an attempt to correct some of their concepts and arguments in order to defend Mu'tazilī notions more effectively against objections of their opponents. While Abū al-Ḥusayn was ostracized by his fellow students and later Bahshamī Mu'tazilīs because of his criticism of 'Abd al-Jabbār, his thought left a major impact on the later development of kalām. Although next to nothing has been preserved of Abū al-Ḥusayn's theological writings, much of his thought can be reconstructed on the basis of the writings of later followers and, at times, his opponents.1 It was still during his lifetime that his doctrines came to the attention of Karaite Jews, among whom they soon found many followers. That the Karaites became familiar with Abū al-Ḥusayn's teachings at a very early stage is indicated by two refutations by the leading Karaite theologian of his time, Abū Ya'qūb Yūsuf alBaṣīr (d. ca. 431/1040), of Abū al-Ḥusayn's innovative proof for the existence of the Creator.2 During the latter third of the 5th/11th century the authoritative Karaite theologian in Egypt, Sahl b. al-Faḍl (Yāshār b. Ḥesed) al-Tustarī, fully endorsed


The goal of the research work was to estimate probiotics of various compounds using in the sturgeon diets. The analyses of the efficiency of probiotics "Bifitrilak" and "Laktobifid" during feeding and breeding of Russian sturgeon broodstock was carried out in the experimental recircular system of Western Kazakhstan Agrarian University. The positive effect of probiotic "Bifitrilak", containing the complex of microorganisms of Bifid bacterium and Lacto bacterium, was revealed.


When the parameters satisfy certain relations,that the second order nonlinear autonomous system which the travelling wave solution of the Burgers-Huxley equations satisfied admits two-parameter Lie group in classical sense is proved in the paper by the theory of Lie groups.The first integral of the system is solved by the method of integration.


On China's media,the public reports on the important incidents especially on the catastrophic events have been in a relatively passive state. When major events happen,our media have become accustomed to the situation that is in accordance with the instructions of higher authorities to interview and select the theme,so that the an instinctive reaction has been formed:On the appearance of the event of unexpected incidents,the media will appropriate repeatedly and weigh in order,which has led to a delay of the timing coverage. The reports to 5.12 Wenchuan earthquakes,most Medias break the inertia of the past situation; it is rarely seen in history for the speed of information reported,the integrity content,profound to the humanity. Journalists rushed to the disaster area to provide the information and reports to the public on the first time with risks to themselves. All these set up such an important contribution on the reduction of the information uncertainties and rumors to build up the National People's confidence and condense our strength. At the same time,large-scale reports present improvement of media coverage concept and maturity of the operating mechanism. The characteristics reflected in the course of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake reports will make an important impact on China's media future development.


Developing the biomass energy industry has become a new idea for solving the energy crisis. The plant, Miscanthus, which has a high content of cellulose, is an optimal material for biorefinery. In this review, the characteristics of Miscanthus are first briefly introduced. Then, the biorefinery general scheme, main process, and existing problems of Miscanthus are summarized. Finally, its application is prospected.


Based on the data of three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer on the 30 m of micrometeorological tower at secondary oak forest of Xiashu in period of 2008.03—2009.02,zero plane displacement d and roughness length Z0 were calculated with temperature variance method(TVM) and the impact factors such as wind direction,wind velocity,friction velocity and leaf area index LAI were analyzed.The results showed that both the zero-plane displacement d and the roughness length Z0 both obviously increased and then decreased as the crown leaves growth and then defoliated.The average d and Z0 were 15.20 m and 1.86 m in growing season and 14.25 m and 1.24 m in non-growing season.d did not change a lot in different wind directions,while Z0 obviously changed in two main wind direction 90°—180° and 300°—30° with average Z0 value 1.23 m and 1.81 m respectively.Z0 decreased with increasing wind velocity or increased with increasing friction velocity,while it changed a little when wind velocity increased to a certain value.d and Z0 both increased with increasing LAI,while Z0 had a small change when LAI increased to a certain value.According to the effective data ratio,it was appropriate that the coefficients of TVM C3evaluated 3.5 and C1 evaluated 0.9 to 1.05.


The utility model relates to a slitter edge on-line curling mechanism. A first guiding wheel is distributed at the output end of a bead cutter, a second guiding wheel is distributed at the rear end of the first guiding wheel and installed at the right end of a crank connection rod, the crank connection rod capable of rotating freely is supported on a support frame, the left end of the crank connection rod is hinged to a cylinder base of a damping cylinder, a piston rod of the damping cylinder is hinged to a machine frame, a third guiding wheel is distributed at the rear end of the second guiding wheel and installed on a support which is fixed with the machine frame, and the rear end of the third guiding wheel is linked up to a slitter edge curling machine. A tension adjusting mechanism is additionally arranged between the bead cutter and the slitter edge curling machine for detecting the loosing degree of belt materials; a contact type rotary angle sensor is arranged for controlling, and feedback signals are provided, so that the auxiliary slitter edge curling machine drives a frequency conversion motor to operate; and the slitter edge materials are curled steadily in on-line mode, and stable operation of a production line is ensured.


Linear factorization relations are derived for the matrix elements of quantum mechanical operators defined on some space H = H1⊕⋅2 which are diagonalizable on H1. The coefficients in these relationships do not depend on the operators per se but do depend on the representations in which the operators are diagonal. The formulation is very general with regard to the nature of the ''input'' information in the factorization. With each choice of input information there are associated consistency conditions. The consistency conditions, in turn, give rise to a flexibility in the form of the factorization relations. These relations are examined in detail for the operators of scattering theory which are local in the internal molecular coordinates. In particular, this includes S and T matrices in the energy sudden (ES) approximation. A similar development is given for the square of the magnitude of operator matrix elements appropriately averaged over ''symmetry classes.'' In the ES these relations apply to transitio...


We show that there are $2^{2^{\aleph_0}}$ different closed ideals in the Banach algebra $L(L_p(0,1))$, $1<p\not= 2<\infty$. This solves a problem in A. Pietsch's 1978 book "Operator Ideals". The proof is quite different from other methods of producing closed ideals in the space of bounded operators on a Banach space; in particular, the ideals are not contained in the strictly singular operators and yet do not contain projections onto subspaces that are non Hilbertian. We give a criterion for a space with an unconditional basis to have $2^{2^{\aleph_0}}$ closed ideals in term of the existence of a single operator on the space with some special asymptotic properties. We then show that for $1<q<2$ the space ${\frak X}_q$ of Rosenthal, which is isomorphic to a complemented subspace of $L_q(0,1)$, admits such an operator.


Copper suffer cluster ions were produced by laser ablation on solid samples: (1) a mixture of copper and sulfur powder, (2) cuprous sulfide compound, (3) cupric sulfide compound, respectively. Two main series of cluster ions were found: (a) [Cu(Cu2S)(n)](+) (n = 0 - 22), (b) [(Cu2S)(n)](+) (n = 1 - 18). The main photodissociation channels of the cluster ions were neutral losses of Cu2S, Cu or CuS. It is obvious that the Cu2S unit plays an important role in the formation and structure of the Cu/S cluster ions, and furthermore, the filled d(10) shell eletronic configuration of copper element might be critical to the characteristic of the cluster ions.


The present communication describes the synthesis of some mixed‐ligand hexacoordinated picrato complexes of nickel(II) of the composition [Ni(PA)2(L–L)2], where PAH = picric acid and L‐L = 2‐aminobenzothiazole (ABZT), 2‐(2′‐aminophenyl)benzothiazole (2′‐AMPHBZT), 2‐(3′‐aminophenyl)benzothiazole (3′‐AMPHBZT), bipyridine (bpy), o‐phenanthroline (phen) or 2,6‐bis(benzimidazyl)pyridine (BBZLPY). These complexes were obtained by the interaction of nickel(II) picrate with the corresponding ligands L‐L in methanol. The resulting compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic, molar conductance and decomposition temperature measurements, electron spin resonance, infrared and electronic spectral studies. All the complexes are thermally stable and behave as non‐electrolytes. An octahedral structure has been tentatively proposed for these complexes.


Many adaptive routing algorithms have been proposed for wormhole-routed interconnection networks. Comparatively little work, however, has been done on determining how the selection function (routing policy) affects the performance of an adaptive routing algorithm. In this paper, we present a detailed simulation study of various selection functions for fully adaptive wormhole routing on two-dimensional meshes. The simulation results show that the choice of selection function has a significant effect on the average message latency. In addition, it is possible to find a single selection function that exhibits excellent performance across a wide range of traffic patterns, network sizes, and number of virtual channels. Thus, a well-chosen selection function for an adaptive routing algorithm can lead to consistently better performance than an arbitrary selection function. One of the selection functions considered is a theoretically optimal selection function (IEEE Trans. Comput.38(10) (October 1989), 1362?1371). We show that although theoretically optimal, the actual performance of the optimal selection function is not always best. An explanation and interpretation of the results is provided.


Every disease that affects the child's health, especially those with negative prognosis has a detrimental affect on the parents and extended family. Children consciousness crises have particular impact considering on the one hand the nature of children and variety of the disease and on the other hand the actual attitude that exist in our society. Keywords: Consciousness attacks, convulsions, paroxysmal attacks.


The benefits of sensitivity‐encoded (SENSE) echo‐planar imaging (EPI) for functional MRI (fMRI) based on blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast were quantitatively investigated at 1.5 T. For experiments with 3.4 × 3.4 × 4.0 mm3 resolution, SENSE allowed the single‐shot EPI image acquisition duration to be shortened from 24.1 to 12.4 ms, resulting in a reduced sensitivity to geometric distortions and T  *2 blurring. Finger‐tapping fMRI experiments, performed on eight normal volunteers, showed an overall 18% loss in t‐score in the activated area, which was substantially smaller than expected based on the image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and g‐factor, but similar to the loss predicted by a model that takes physiologic noise into account. Magn Reson Med 48:1011–1020, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Customer satisfaction is a core value for Gigantti, but despite this goal the company believes that the staff does not always follow the principles when handling complaints. The aim for this study is to examine how the staff in reality handles complaints and how the guidelines are followed. In addition Gigantti wants to know what could be done to improve the process of complaint handling. The study discusses only the complaint handling at Gigantti Megastore Espoo. The theoretical framework for my study is partly based on Cook & Macaulay's theory of empowerment and on Barlow and Moller's models on complaint handling. The research method for the study is qualitative and the data was collected through four semi-structured interviews. The respondents consisted of three vendors and a department manager who work with customer complaints as a part of their daily routine in customer service. The result of the survey shows that the staff for the most part follows the guidelines that Gigantti endorses. The weakness in complaint handling lies in inadequate supervision of new vendors and because of the fact that Gigantti guidelines are too goal oriented and do not describe the complexity and the process of complaint handling.


This study provides a first description of breeding biology of the South Island saddlebacls (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus) and the first comparisons with North Island saddlebacks (P.c. rujusater), using data collected from Ulva (Stewart Island), Breaksea (Fiordland) and Motuara (Marlborough Sounds) Islands, New Zealand. We found courtship and copulation behaviour to be similar to that of North Island saddlebacks. So too were nest locations, heights and materials, with nest materials determined by their proximity to the nest site. On Motuara and Ulva Islands, most nests were located in natural cavities (54% and 80%, respectively), while on Breaksea Island, 67% of nests were in flax (Phormium cookianum). In the recently established Ulva Island population, saddlebacks had a median and maximum clutch size of two and laid a maximum of two clutches. This contrasts with translocated island populations of North Island saddlebacks where up to four-egg clutches and four clutches per season have been recorded for pairs breeding in the first few seasons post-release. Incubation and brooding behaviour was like that described for North Island saddleback. A small number of yearlings bred successfully on Ulva Island (0.18 birds/ha), but no yearlings bred on Motuara (0.42 birds/ha) and Breaksea (0.42 birds/ha) islands. Hooson, S.; Jarnieson, I.G. 2003. Breeding biology of the South Island saddleback (Phiksturnus carunculatus carunculatus, Callaeatidae). Notornis 50(4): 191-201.


Hydroponic systems and intensive irrigation in horticulture, are widely used, and hold the potential for rapid and efficient spread of water- transmissible plant pathogens throughout the whole crop. Although numerous plant viruses have been detected in aqueous environment, for many of them, the survival in water and the potential for direct transmission through irrigation water are still unknown. Therefore we decided to explore whether the water can be a source of infection with PepMV, PVY and PSTVd, that are relatively stable and contagious viruses/viroid, and a serious threat to tomato and/or potato production. In irrigation waters, the viruses are usually present in concentrations lower than the detection limit of classical methods, but that may be sufficient to infect plants ; therefore the development of highly sensitive diagnostic methods is necessary. Small sample volumes may lead to non-representative testing, therefore, a concentration step allowing the handling of larger water volumes may improve water monitoring diagnostic scheme. A fast and efficient way to concentrate highly diluted viruses consists on using CIM monolithic chromatographic supports. The application of such strategy to the above mentioned plant viruses/viroid and the results of survival in water at room temperature and transmition efficiency through nutrient solutions in hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes and potatoes will be presented.


Abstract— The initial interactions between high‐energy radiation and a sample of condensed matter are complex. However, soon after the initial phases the excitation energy appears in well‐known forms: ions, free radicals, and molecular excited states. These excited species are the immediate precursors of the stable chemical products. The nature of the chemically significant excited species can be inferred by studying the chemical changes induced in solutes which have been well characterized in photochemical studies.


Leaking of toxic gas can threaten the public safety seriously.Thus we have a study on the monitoring and predicting platform of toxic gas leaking to effectively supervise the gas leaking situation,to predict the result of accidents and to rapidly transmit notifications.Combined with the characteristics of gas leaking and emergency disposal processing,a portable monitoring platform is build up.This platform adopts wireless transmission technology.It's integrated by portable weather station,gas concentration sensor,and other collection devices.This platform can predict and analysis precisely through the risk prediction model and GIS.It can also transmit warning information via group messaging function.The result of this study shall provide scientific decision-making support to emergency processing of leaking accidents.


Background: In recent decades, spiritual well-being has gained fundamental importance in many healthcare environments. Spiritual well-being is important information about healthcare needs, allowing people to deal with mental stress. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the spiritual well-being of nurses working in Birjand University of Medical Sciences hospitals in 2022. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 354 nurses working in the hospitals of the University of Medical Sciences in Birjand City in 2022 were selected by proportional stratified random sampling, and they completed the questionnaire related to demographic information and the standard questionnaire of spiritual well-being. Data were analyzed by SPSS v26 software and ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, Pearson correlation, and chi-square at 0.05 significant level. Results: The mean age of the nurses participating was 35.76 ± 7.29 years, and the mean total score of nurses' spiritual well-being was 180.55 ± 16.95. Most of the people in the field of communication with God (78.5%), self (58.8%), others (75.1%), and nature (78.5%), and the total score (52%) were in the medium level of spiritual well-being. There was a significant direct correlation between all dimensions of spiritual well-being (P < 0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the mean score of spiritual well-being and age, employment status, and workplace hospital (zage = 7.76; z employment = 18.95; z workplace = 18.62; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering that the nurses were medium in terms of spirituality and spiritual well-being, it is suggested to hold educational workshops to improve the level of spiritual well-being of nurses.


The Faisal Mosque,
 considered by many critics to be the most successful modern mosque
 found in the Islamic countries, had never been the subject of a
 rigorous monograph. This dissertation seeks to fill this gap.
 The mosque is unique in its structural design and surface
 decorations. The dissertation gives a comprehensive study of the
 structural forms and the decorative elements. The material in the
 front four chapters is presented in the order of a walking tour of
 the mosque. In first chapter external features of the mosque and its
 setting against the Margala Hills are discussed. In the second
 chapter a tour of the mosque is began and the plan, entrances, and
 multiple levels are explained. In third chapter the tour is
 continued, and we enter in the sanctuary to discuss the internal
 features of the sanctuary and their symbolism. In fourth chapter
 decorative elements of the mosque such as mihrb, minbar,
 muadhdhin pew, marble fountain kurs and thirty volumes of the
 sanctuary are explained. In fifth chapter we present an analysis of
 the calligraphic styles used in the mosque noting the several
 instances of compute Kfic and cursive scripts. In sixth chapter
 we talk about life history of Vedat Dalokay, its prize winning
 national and international projects, and influences of the Faisal
 Mosque on later built mosques of Punjab, Pakistan.
 Traditional decorative techniques such as mosaic work, metal
 engraving, marble carving, lattice work, tarkashi and variations of
 the traditional ones like tile decoration, inlay work and intarsia
 as used in this mosque are unusual in Pakistan. The techniques are
 discussed with special reference to the Faisal Mosque along with
 knowledge of their historical applications in mosques throughout the
 Islamic world. The rich selection of geometric designs in the mosque
 is described. In some cases, as in the book form of the mihrb, we
 have pointed out similar shape; shapes in the chevron-tiles on the
 walls and metal chevron ornaments on doors that shows unity of
 design and a symbolism of the Qurn itself.
 The mosque is an amalgam of different influences, which is combined
 through polygonal geometry. Ancient Egyptian, Greco-Roman, Arabian,
 Turkish, Iranian, Indian Sultanate and Mughal influences are pointed
 out. Architect of the mosque deserve appreciation to create a master
 piece in the field of architectural and surface decoration. After
 its construction several mosques of Punjab, Pakistan copied elements
 of its structure.
 Data was assembled from both primary and secondary sources.
 Interviews with the civil engineer of the Faisal Mosque Ahmad Rafiq,
 and several other architects as well as meetings with experts,
 artisans and concerned persons were part of the research. Published
 information on the Faisal Mosque was gathered from libraries located
 in Lahore and Islamabad and various web sites. Comparisons were made
 with forms used throughout Islamic world from the eight century to
 present. Late twentieth century mosques in Lahore and Islamabad were
 visited to see if the Faisal Mosque had influenced their form and
 decoration. The study required extensive new photographs, drawings
 and ground plans. Pictures and drawings are by the author unless
 otherwise indicated. The study is accompanied by 246 plates and
 forty-six drawings.


The Akshaya project in the rural Malappuram district of Kerala, India is home to the first and largest district-wide e-literacy project in India, and one of the largest known Internet Protocol-based networks. Through a network of 600 kiosks, the project has been designed to reach computer literacy into over 600,000 households, and bring 3.6 million residents of the district into regular affordable access to computer use. This study uses a regional analysis of Malappuram, and its parent state, to understand the context within which the project is situated and consider questions of generalizability from inferences drawn here. Second, the authors examine the technical network itself and read logs of how residents of the district are actually using the kiosks to discuss the case for content tailored to low-income users, and the larger case of state-underwritten shared-access computer centers.


This paper examines the intra-firm diffusion of new technology in the Japanese steel industry. The introduction of the basic oxygen furnace was the greatest breakthrough in steel refining in the last century. Using unique panel data concerning capital utiliza- tion, the paper estimates total factor productivity by technology type, and associates the estimate with intra-firm diffusion. Estimation results reveal that the productivity difference between the old and new technologies plays an important role. The paper also finds that in operation, the old technology can better respond to changes in market demand, which brings about counter-cyclicality in the measured productivity.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to endorse the idea of using a special post-calculating front tracking (FT) procedure, along with the enthalpy-porosity front tracking (EP-FT) single continuum model, in order to identify zones of different dendritic microstructures developing in the mushy zone during cooling and solidification of a binary alloy. Design/methodology/approach – The 2D and 3D algorithms of the FT approach along with different crystal growth laws were implemented in macroscopic calculations of binary alloy solidification with the identification of different dendrite zones developing during the process. Findings – Direct comparison of results predicted by the FT model with that based on the concept of the critical value of the solid volume fraction shows the sensitivity of the latter on an arbitrary assumed value of the dendrite coherency point (DCP). Moreover, for a carefully chosen DCP value the second model provides results that are close to those given by the FT-based approach. It is ...


The purpose of this study is to develop concepts to describe, conceptualize and analyse Hyangchon - Sajok and their poetic world to explore and investigate its characteristics. In 18th century, social·economic change held in Seoul lead to differentiation in Sajok class to Kyungwha-sajok and Hyangchon sajok. Added to this was rampant corruption in authoritarian political systems. This tightened its grip in Hyangchon Society. Consequently the creation of these Sijo at this time of Seoul was not for a pleasure like Kyungwha-Sajok but for their prestige as a Sajok. This research is pursued by the research and analysis of 8 Hyangchon authors. Sociocultural environment of that time is to be concerned in order to focus on literary features. Consequently we will proceed with our discussion by first observing the characteristics of 18th century and the change of Sijo creation layer. The process of discussion is as below. In Chanpter two, change in the Society of Sajok will be inspected, together with inner differentiation of Sijo possession layer in 18th century. In 18th Century. there was regional disparity as Sajok was separated into Seoul and Hyangchon due to their constitution of faction and distinguished clans. Therefore the creation of Sijo in this period was developed according to the province`s regional characteristics. The appearance of new class Gagaek became the cornerstone of the culture of Seoul. In chapter Ⅲ, the aspect of the Sajok`s Sijo poetic works are observed. At this time, Sijo of Hyangchon-sajok is divided into two works; the works that describe the outline of personal life and position as Sajok in Hyangchon society, and the works that portray their fury towards discord and conflict between their ideal and the real world. The first is based on the case of Sajok in firm economic foundation while the latter is of retired Sajok engaged in political event in their youth and hid themselves in Hyangchon to reveal their agonize in their work. Social life song in Sijo were first sang in order to recover their social location as Sajok. Yonsijo was one way of confirming the location of high official class. Chapter Ⅳ will discuss about distinctive quality which the Sajok`s Sijo have. We will differnetiate the Sijo of Sajok with that of past generations, and with Kyunghwa Sajok at the same time. The 18th century Hyangchon Sajok`s Sijo mostly resembled 16th century high official Sijo. In 16th century, Hyangchon`s position stands out to be the strongest as they were privileged with some power. In 18th century sajok`s desire for their position and prestige lead them to an elevate status position. To do so, they followed in steps of Sijo in 16th century high officials or emphasized the practice of Confucianism ethics. But due to the difference in periodic situations, the former kept the twofold recognition due to the conflict between their ideal and real world, not to mention the practice of ethics were limited only to their family and themselves. If Kyonghwa-sajok made Sijo in tasteful and poetic space in Seoul as an interest, Hyangchon-sajok enjoyed Sijo in a natural space to enjoy nature and train their moral mind. While Sijo of Kyunghwa-sajok had a tendency to make Sijo for their amusement, Korean verse of the Hyangchon-sajok follows the trends of Sijo from the past generations. The 18th century research about Hyangchon-sajok generally forecast the character of Hyangchon-sajok`s Sijo. I believe that this study will not only bring sijo`s existence to light, which was buried in the general term of postscript Sijo, but also show the characteristic features of high official Sijo in 18th Century.


A Conductor's Perspective on Stravinsky's Danse sacrale from Le Sacre du printemps: Evaluation of Revisions, Analysis and Considerations for Conducting


Breast cancer continues as a major health problem among women. Globally, it is the most common cancer of women and represents the second leading cause of death. Breast cancer continues however, to be one of those cancers that prove the greatest benefit when detected early. The diagnosis of breast cancer can often generate fear and anxiety for the woman and the people she know and loves and as a result may predispose the woman to psychosocial reactions, resulting in poorer health outcomes. As a consequence, clinicians can no longer focus specifically on the physical aspects related to the treatment of breast cancer, but must also recognize and consider the psychosocial implications of the diagnosis and enhance their treatment to gain better outcomes. Implementing a psychosocial model of care and incorporating aspects of the patient's care to include family concerns, financial implications of illness and employment issues related to prolonged treatment can and should be considered as part of treatment. There is no better time than today to enhance our skills for the better treatment and care of our mothers, wives, sisters, aunts, nieces, daughters and granddaughters who may someday face a diagnosis of breast cancer.


Macondo was already a fearful whirlwind of dust and rubble being spun about by the wrath of the biblical hurricane when Aureliano skipped eleven pages so as not to lose time with facts he knew only too well, and he began to decipher the instant that he was living, deciphering it as he lived it, prophesying himself in the act of deciphering.


In this paper, we propose an efficient constrained search method for the selection of optimal combination of generator polynomials in convolutional encoders, for various code rates and constraint lengths. The algorithm is very helpful for finding optimal generators in higher constraint length coders, as it reduces the search space. This plays a vital role in the error performance of the coder. Keywords— Channel coding, Convolutional codes, Generator polynomials, Optimization, Distance Spectrum.


Nowadays, the LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor) filter is an integral part of every power electronic converter system operating on current control. Though higher order, the LCL filter due to its high harmonic suppression capability are widely adopted in back-to-back converter systems or grid connected converter systems. Normally, with LCL filter, the control system follows double closed loop with outer loop controlling DC voltage and inner loop controlling AC current. However, for some special applications like common DC-bus-configured motor emulator (ME) system, the DC bus voltage is not required to be controlled. In addition, the presence of LCL filter introduces cross coupling of flux and torque component in case of AC motor emulation. The double closed loop control is generally adopted to decouple torque and flux components, however the controller design is more complex process. Therefore, this paper presents a single loop control of a common DC-bus-configured ME system with LCL filter based on state feedback linearization method. The decoupling equations in direct and quadrature axis are derived here. The simulation results presented for a 2.0 kW PMSM motor validate the stability as well as closed loop operation of the system with single loop control.


A clinical case of successful medical rehabilitation of a patient with monostotic fibrous osteodisplasy of mandible is presented. After resection of the branch and body of the left mandible with disarticulation in the temporomandibular joint, the defect was replaced by free revascularized fibula flap. The missing joint process was restored with a titanium condylar endoprosthesis, and fixed to the proximal part of autotransplant using special screws.


The present invention discloses a geological advanced exploration apparent resistance scanning measurement system based on a focus current method. The geological advanced exploration apparent resistance scanning measurement system comprises a bidirectional constant-current drive circuit, a voltage and power control circuit, a voltage V measuring circuit, ammeters, measuring electrodes, and a shielding electrode. The bidirectional constant-current drive circuit provides a constant current for the shielding electrode, then the current is leaded to hobs with different radiuses from a shield through the ammeters and enters into a geological body, a voltage V between the shield and the geological body is measured at the same time, and scanning measurement for the geological body on the cross sections of the hobs can be achieved with rotation of the hobs. The geological advanced exploration apparent resistance scanning measurement system of the present invention can achieve scanning measurement of an apparent resistance, and is simple in structure, convenient in installation, easy to achieve, and can achieve real-time and uninterrupted measurement of the apparent resistance.


According to the status of development and coordination of Zhaozhuang Mine District,the study provides the coordinative innovation theory,establishes the coordinative innovative model of politics,industry,learning and research of Zhaozhuang Mine District,and points out the reasonable suggestion for the coordinative development,so as to enhance the mutual prosperity and sustainable development,promote the mine areas and the surrounding districts,and accelerate the promotion of the regional development.


Drug tests are conducted for individuals having suspected intoxication, having suspected drug use, involving in an accident, being in probation control; applicants during recruitment and prisoners. However, the validity of these tests depend on the urine sample's being uninterferenced. Because, illicit drug users add easily available common foreign substances(adulterants) into the urine to deceive these tests. Adulterants are classified into two categories. The first category includes classic adulterants comprising of some household chemicals such as chlorine bleach, white vinegar, glutaraldehyde, liquid drain cleaner, sodium nitrite, pyridinium chlorochromate. The second category includes commercial products which can be purchased from certain specialty stores or via internet. Dilution of urine by means of excess water intake is the most basic method used for adulteration. The case we present tried to falsify the result two times by drinking water and once by giving the urine of a dif ferent person for the analysis. Adulterant use can be disclosed by presumptive tests such as specific gravity, pH, temperature, creatinine, nitrite, glutaraldehyde levels which are useful for determining whether the urine sample is interferenced or not. Urine dilution in our case is disclosed by the abnormal creatinine concentration of less than 20 mg/dL. This case was presented to draw attention for adulterant use which is not common and well known by scientists in Turkey.