Previous studies have demonstrated that peritoneal exudate cells obtained from guinea pigs exhibiting delayed hypersensitivity are inhibited from migrating out of capillary tubes by the specific sensitizing antigen. This reaction appears to be an intimate property of the cells and is not associated with circulating antibody (1, 2). In experiments with mixed populations of cells it was found that only a few sensitive cells are required to cause a normal population of cells to be inhibited by antigen. This effect of sensitive cells on normal cells was abolished if the sensitive cells were heated or disrupted by freezing and thawing (3). Attempts to sensitize normal cells with extracts of sensitive ceils or sera taken from sensitive animals have failed. These observations suggested that the specific inhibition of cell migration by antigen was dependent on active cellular metabolism. The present article will be concerned with the effect of selected inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis on the delayed hypersensitivity reaction


Doppler reflectometry is an experimental technique used for density turbulence studies in fusion plasmas. In this thesis, the technique is investigated analytically, numerically and experimentally. The understanding obtained is applied for an advanced characterization of turbulence on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak and the TJ-II stellarator. A new measurement method of the tilting of turbulent structures has been developed and applied in the confinement region for the first time. This has allowed innovative comparisons with physical models and simulations.


The 3D Circuit technologies appear as a possible solution for interconnect optimization. For most of the 3D technologies, the 3D-Vias represent a very complex issue because of large pitch requirements and heavy usage of routing constraints. New algorithms and CAD methods must be developed in order to take advantage of the high integration of elements and potentially shorter wire lengths while keeping track of the 3D-Vias. One of the CAD problems, addressed by this paper, is the partition and placement of the I/O pins of a block into sub-blocks that are partitioned into the circuit tiers. In this paper, we extend our previous work in the field to trade-off the I/O pins balance for improved cut. The new version of our partitioning algorithm outperformed the widely used hMetis algorithm in number of 3D-Vias from 2% to 10% (depending on the I/O pins balance), while the standard deviation of the number of I/Os increased. We also observed that the maximum number of 3D-Vias between pairs of adjacent tiers dropped by 14% (in the best case) with the I/O pin unbalance.


Abstract Basic principles of the elite theory. The elite theory seen in theoretical perspective within the ambit of political sociology offers certain possibilities as far as description and, perhaps, explanation of power in a society are concerned. This theory implies that power, on a macro-social level, is concentrated in the hands of an elite whose manipulation of the power enables it to control its total society no matter what the form of government in that society is. In this article an attempt is made to present the basic principles of the elite theory drawing on the reconstructed contributions of certain exponents of the elite theory. An indication is also given of some of the criticism which may be levelled against this theory.


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Salt stress fragments wt (top) and yck3 Δ (bottom) vacuoles (middle panels), but yck3 Δ vacuoles then prematurely reassemble (right panels).On

[page 401][2], LaGrassa and Ungermann show that divided vacuolar membranes are kept apart by a kinase that disables their


A guide to the Organisation Structures and Processes module of the BTEC. The text features case studies, assignments and activities.


Abstract The Hellinger distance between a nonparametric density estimator and a model family is minimized to produce estimates of location and covariance in multivariate data. With suitable restrictions on the density estimators and the model family, these minimum Hellinger distance estimators (MHDE's) are shown to be affine invariant, consistent, and asymptotically normal. The robustness of the MHDE as measured by the breakdown point compares favorably against the previously studied M-estimators. Monte Carlo results suggest that the MHDE's are an attractive robust alternative to the usual sample means and covariance matrix.


Biology of Artemia persimilis Piccinelli and Prosdocimi, 1968 in a hypersaline lake in a semiarid protected area (Parque Luro Reserve, La Pampa, Argentina) Artemia persimilis is the only species of the genus that is native to South America. Its biology has been studied in lakes in the arid diagonal in Argentina, which are affected by agricultural and livestock activities. The aim was to study biological aspects and their relations with environmental variables in a protected lake under conditions similar to those that existed before the increase in human influence on this area. From October 2014 to September 2015, samples were taken monthly from Este Lake (64° 11' 04'' W, 36° 55' 18'' S), which is in the intangible zone of Parque Luro Provincial Reserve. In situ water temperature, dissolved oxygen, water transparency, and pH were determined, and two quantitative zooplankton samples were taken. The maximum depth varied between 0.9 and 0.33 m, the mean salinity was 262.17 g/L (± 43.87), and Na+ and Clpredominated. The water transparency was 0.56 m (± 0.21), and the concentration of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a was 6.19 mg/m3 (± 8.17). The mean density and biomass of A. persimilis were 209.31 ind./L (± 214.04) and 7535.10 μg/L (± 12 376.57), respectively, which exceeded those recorded in other lakes in the region. Nauplii and metanauplii were registered in every month except December and July, and they showed high percentages of total density. A correlation was found between density and temperature but not between density and salinity, which could indicate that the range in Este Lake is optimal for the species. Although it is difficult to prevent colonization by exotic anostracan species by zoochory, the existence of an abundant population of A. persimilis in a protected lake in the central Argentinean region is an optimal opportunity for the conservation of this species.


This study aims to identify customer service strategies on the value of expectations and service satisfaction that customers receive. The research method used is quantitative, the research sample used is a simple random sampling method, with a size of 100 customers at Bank BRI KCP Taman Palem, West Jakarta. Indonesian. The collected data were analyzed using a Cartesian diagram. The results of the study were able to identify services and the level of customer satisfaction on the quality of company services from the five service measurement tools, the results were distributed into four quadrants, namely: the reliability dimension was in Quadrant I, the responsiveness dimension was in Quadrant II, the assurance dimension was in Quadrant III and empathy, and tangibility is in Quadrant IV. Based on these results, it is recommended that BRI Bank performs refinement and improvement of several current customer service strategies so that the five dimensions of customer service are at coordinate points in quadrant I.


Multiple model estimation is an important problem in computer vision. Through estimation, one can detect important structural information in an image. A crucial step in multiple model estimation is the ability to dichotomize inliers of a model from outliers. This paper proposes a novel technique for estimating the scale of a model. In contrast to previous adaptive scale estimate works, our method removes the need for user provided input. We achieve accurate scale estimation through consecutive inspection of the ordered residuals. Our results show the ability of the proposed scale estimate metric to maintain accurate scale estimation even with over 90% outliers present in the data. Likewise, we also apply our scale estimator with multiple model estimation problems for detecting planes and two-view motions, demonstrating the ability of our approach to accurately estimate scale in real application oriented scenarios.


The Rescue is one of three novels belonging to what Conrad himself called his "Malayan Phase." Almayers Folly, An Outcast of the Islands and The Rescue from what can be called the Lingard trilogy. Contrary to what one would expect, the figure of Lingard is young in the last book and old, powerless and almost forgotten in the first. The Rescue was begun in 1896, but never grew much beyond its first part. Having written about one fifth of "that accursed thing" (as Conrad told Garnett), he gave it up. Nineteen years later, he returned to the ms. and The Rescue was finished in 1919, just at the moment when Poland was reborn as an independent country. The novel begins with a magnificent prologue ? a song of praise for the Malayan freedom fighters and the few Whites who supported them in their valiant struggle for independence, followed by an angry speech against the European powers who divided the Malayan archi pelago amongst themselves. On the first page of the novel, Conrad writes: "The vices and the virtues of four nations have been displayed in the conquest of that region that even to this day has not been robbed of all the mystery and romance of its past ? and the race of men who have fought against [the European powers! . . . has not been changed by the unavoidable defeat." Of the subdued and "pacified" peoples he says, "They have kept to this day their love of liberty, their fanatical devotion to their chiefs, their blind fidelity in friendship and hate ? all their lawful and unlawful instincts. Their country has fallen a prey [to the conquerors] ? the reward of superior strength if not of superior virtue." (Conrad of course meant "but not of superior virtue.") There is no hope for the freedom fighters, for, "tomorrow the advancing civilization will obliterate the marks of a long struggle in the accomplishment of its inevitable victory." Who would not feel in these exalted passages the strong Polish undertones? Who would not be reminded of the letter Conrad wrote in 1885 from Singapore to Joseph Spiridion Kliszczewski and which culminated in this statement, "Whatever may be the changes in the


Tailings dams are special constructions that are part of a complex of works related to the installations for preparing mining masses. These constructions play a role in the mechanical treatment of wastewater and the safe storage of sterile material resulting from ore processing. The closing and greening of tailings dams is achieved taking into account the general stability of the pond and its related constructions, as well as the integration into the surrounding environment of the surfaces occupied by mining waste deposits (tailings dams). This study presents the results of the hydrogeotechnical and stability study carried out on the Gura Roşiei tailings dam location. This analysis aims to evaluate the stability degree of the three compartments that comprise the tailings deposit in order to carry out the closing and greening works of the tailings dam, and to conclude whether the idea of raising them by 1.5–2 m with tailings is feasible. This study was based on field observations, geotechnical drilling, and physical–chemical analyses of the collected samples. Due to the shallow depth, the drilling could not highlight a hydrostatic level except for the areas with excess humidity, areas represented by certain lenticular intercalations of sandy dust that yield water very slowly. These areas are not continuous and cannot define a reference hydrostatic level. All situations were analyzed by four different methods that satisfy the static equilibrium of forces or moments (Bishop and Janbu) or simultaneously of forces and moments (Spencer and Morgenstern–Price). From the point of view of the stability calculations performed in the hypothesis in which the three ponds become active for the storage of tailings, assuming a corresponding piezometric level, the resulting safety factors are relatively close to the standard values (Fs ≥ 1.4) for the static analysis, and in seismic conditions, they are at the limit of equilibrium. The NE slope of pond No. 2 shows values below the standard safety limit for this type of work. Moreover, tailings dam No. 3 presented from the calculations as being totally inadequate for the elevation. From the obtained results, it was found that the location formed by the three compartments that comprise the Gura Roşiei tailings dam presents major disadvantages for a future storage of flotation tailings, being at the same time an imminent danger to the environment. Due to its reduced capacity to release water from its pores, the settled material is still in a saturated state, and it is assumed that the foundation land, comprised of the terrace deposits of the Abrudel River, is clogged at the interface with the settled material and unable to naturally drain the excess moisture from the dam's body.


Reaction of nickelocene with bis(trifluoromethyl)diazomethane affords a complex which is formulated as a 1 : 2 adduct. A possible structure is discussed. Tricarbonyl(π-vallyl, π-2-methylallyl, or π-1-methylallyl)cobalt react at room temperature with (CF3)2CN2 to form 1:1 adducts [[graphic omitted]:CH2(CO)3], [[graphic omitted]:CH2(CO)3], [[graphic omitted]CHMe(CO)3], and [[graphic omitted]CH2(CO)3]; the latter is formed as a minor product. Reaction of these species with Ph3P or Ph3As leads to displacement of carbon monoxide.


Background. Individual anatomical variability in the human body shape can be characterized by its proportions, which serve as the main components of assessing the type of human constitution.
Aim. Establish individual typological features of the age-related changes in the fat component of the examined children, adolescents and youth.
Material and methods. 409 residents of the Smolensk region aged 420 years were examined: 212 males and 197 females. The cohort was divided according to the International Age Periodization 1965. Studies of the longitudinal-transverse type lasted for 10 years (20102020). The research methods included anthropometry, somatodiagnostics, determination of the biological development variant. To determine the fat component, the thickness of the skin-fat folds was measured, the calculation was made according to the formulas of Ya. Mateyko. The analyzed data had a normal distribution (ShapiroWilk test). The hypothesis of statistical significance of differences was tested using Student's t-test.
Results. Assessment of age-related changes in the body fat component of the subjects showed its continuous increase from 4 to 20 years. In female subjects it was higher, the significance of differences was established from the age of 12 (p 0.05). The fat component had a high and moderate degree of correlation with body height and weight (r=0.5330.753 and r=0.5300.833), skin-fat folds (r=0.5010.941) and body circumference (r=0.5030.790). Significant differences were established between the extreme variants of biological development (isochronic approach) (t=2.3052.604; р 0.05). In the examined males, the difference was 1012%, females 2530%. Somatotypological assessment (isosome approach) showed significant differences (t=3.4626.781; p 0.001) in the severity of fat mass in the subjects of both sexes of macrosomal and microsomal types.
Conclusion. The conducted studies have confirmed the presence of high individualization of the fat components growth processes of male and female subjects of various somatic types and biological development variants.


Elliottia paniculata (Siebold et Zucc.) Hook. f. (Ericaceae) is recorded as a host plant of Spinarge pumila Hara and Shinohara, 2006, and the larva of this sawfly is briefly described. The host plant and larva of S. pumila were unknown. Field observations and rearing records suggest that this is a multivoltine species with polymodal adult emergence.


WYP HEN Brother Benjamin Franklin died in I790, Philadelphia's Masonic lodges were conspicuously absent from the funeral. An estimated 20,000 people, in a city of about 42,000, watched the procession-a "concourse of Spectators," judged the Pennsylvania Gazette, "greater than ever was known on a like occasion." The Society of the Cincinnati, the American Philosophical Society, and the Council and Assembly of the state all took part, as did, the Gazette noted, "all the Clergy of the City, including the Ministers of the Hebrew Congregation." The city's Masonic lodges, however, completely ignored the event, failing even to note the death of one of the first Freemasons in America and the former head of the order in Pennsylvania. By I790 Franklin was simply the wrong sort of Freemason for the Philadelphia brothers. Their refusal to acknowledge his death underlined the social and institutional transformation that had occurred within the fraternity during the sixty years Franklin had been a member.1 The Masonic order that admitted Franklin in I 732 had been created only fifteen years before. Noncraftsmen attached to the London craft guild had organized a "Grand Lodge" in I 7 I 7, severing the connection between the craft and what they now called "speculative" Masonry, a fraternal order that built moral character rather than buildings. This new Grand Lodge, supervising both local lodges and mid-level provincial grand lodges, developed a series of degree rituals and a mythology that traced Masonic ideas and practices back to Solomon's temple and even before.2 Philadel-


A critical phase for both the joint ESA-NASA scientific mission LISA and its technology demonstrator LISA Pathfinder has been identified in the release to free floating conditions of the 2kg gold-coated Test Mass (TM) on behalf of the Grabbing Positioning and Release Mechanism (GPRM), developed by Thales Alenia Space and RUAG. The main criticality of such a phase consists in the limited allowable velocity of the test mass after detachment from the GPRM. In this paper we deal with the on-ground testing activity of such a phase carried out at the Dept. of Mechanical and Structural Engineering of the University of Trento, where we have developed a facility for the measurement of the impulse exerted by the rupture of the adhesive bonds between representative surfaces of the TM and the release-dedicated subsystem of the GPRM.


The time-dependent quantum perturbation theory developed by Born, Heisenberg and Jordan in 1926 is revisited. We show that it not only reproduces the standard theory formulated in the interaction picture, but also allows one to construct more accurate approximations if time averaging techniques are employed. The theory can be rendered unitary even if the expansion is truncated by using a transformation previously suggested by Heisenberg. We illustrate the main features of the procedure on a simple example which clearly shows its advantages in comparison with the standard perturbation theory.


The Covid-19 health crisis has threatened the entire national economy, particularly the private sector companies, SMEs and VSBs, which comprise 93% of Morocco's economic structure. The purpose of this study is to compare the situation of Moroccan companies in the different sectors during Covid and after Covid, and to analyze the impact of the pandemic on companies and employees. We begin by exploring the concept of crisis, then comparing the situation of Moroccan firms during and after the pandemic, and examine the effects of firm closures, unemployment, and decreased productivity. We then explore the various measures taken by the Moroccan government to help businesses and workers through this difficult period, including financial assistance, tax incentives, and other supports. Our analysis highlights the challenges and opportunities facing Moroccan firms and demonstrates the COVID-19 pandemic's considerable effects on Morocco's labor market, including widespread job losses and decreased productivity across industries. We discovered that government initiatives to aid employees and businesses have been crucial in lessening the effects of the pandemic, but difficulties still exist as the nation continues its recovery. This study is based on secondary data that was obtained from a number of sources, including reports, academic studies, and official statistics. Researchers can use this article as a basis for more detailed analysis and research on particular topics related to the impact of COVID-19 on Moroccan businesses, including the success of government support measures, the difficulties faced by various economic sectors, and the strategies employed by businesses to adapt to the rapidly evolving business environment.


woodiana CHEN Xiu-bao, LIU Hong-bo, SU Yan-ping, JIANG Tao, YANG Jian* (Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-Environment Assessment and Resources Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China) Abstract:This study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effect of waterborne Cd2+ on the freshwater bivalve"standardized"Anodonta woodiana, a unique bioindicator used in the"Freshwater Mussel Watch"project. Glochidia(< 24 h, mean length 0.25 mm), early juveniles (< 5 days, mean length 0.27 mm), and late juveniles(6 months, mean length 50 mm)were exposed to various Cd2+ concentrations for the a原 cute toxicity test. Furthermore, late juveniles or adults(48 months, mean length 85 mm)were used to investigate the temporal variation of lipid peroxidation[malondialdehyde(MDA)content] and DNA damage[Olive tail moment (OTM)] in gills, which are the target organs of Cd2+ accumulation. The results showed that the 24-h median effect concentration(EC50)for glochidia was 0.001 8 mg·L-1, whereas the 96-h EC50 values for early and late juveniles were 0.004 7 mg·L-1 and 4.5 mg·L-1, respectively. MDA content was continuously reduced over time in both the 0.05 mg·L-1 and 0.5 mg·L-1 groups, and was not related to Cd2+ concentration(P>0.05). In contrast, the OTM values increased


In the former research work, a differential-expressed gene was cloned from multi-drug resistance lung cancer cell line (SPC-A-1/CDDP) with suppression substractive hybridization, and in this study we further analyze the site of this gene on the chromosome, and appraise its function related to multi-drug resistance in lung cancer cells. The cDNA sequence data of the gene was input to computer and analyzed to ascertain its site on human chromosome by screening the gen bank on the www. ncbi, nlm. nih. gov. With DNA recombination technique, the gene was reversedly inserted to the vector pLXSN to get an antisense expression recombinant vector pLXSN-R, which was then transfected into SPC-A-1/CDDP cells with the aid of electroporation technique. And the semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique was used to quantify the mRNA content of gene in the transfected cells. Finally, the chemosensitivity of the transfected cells was tested with MTT method. The gene was located on the human chromosome 19ql3. 3 - 19ql3. 4 locus. The antisense gene recombinant vector was successfully constructed and transfected into SPC-A-1/CDDP cells as shown by its inhibitory activity on the mRNA expression of the gene. The drug-resistance indexes of transfected SPC-A-1/CDDP cells for cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, vincristin, hydroxycamptothecine and etoposide were obviously decreased. The function of this gene is related to multi-drug resistance in human lung cancer cell, and its locus on the human chromosome is at 19ql3. 3-1913. 4.


The human-centered scientific development outlook advanced at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee indicated the deepening understanding of the communists in China in socialist economy rules. the new development outlook has pointed out the way for improving and developing the socialist market economy, and has great and profound significance to advancing reform and opening up and the construction of modernizations.


This work examines the history of a new form of American circus that emerged in the 1970s, focusing on artistry and not spectacle. Working from interviews and other primary sources, it profiles the leading players in the new circus and the shows they founded.


The shikimic acid (SA) content of Pinus resinosa twigs was found to range from 0.2–2.12 g fresh weight, depending on the season of the year. Of the radioactive compounds administered to cut shoots, pyruvic acid gave SA of the highest specific activity. Sugars were next most effective, with glucose and ribose being better than sucrose and fructose. Carbon from several organic acids was not readily incorporated into SA. Pyruvate-3-C14 gave SA of higher specific activity than did pyruvate-1-C14 or -2-C14. When pyruvate-1-C14 was used, 40% of the activity in shikimic acid was in the carboxyl carbon, whereas with pyruvate-2-C14 or -3-C14 only 3–10% of it was in the carboxyl carbon. The results with pyruvate can best be explained in terms of the "dicarboxylate shuttle". When either erythrose or 5-dehydroshikimic acid was administered together with pyruvate-C14, a decrease in specific activity of SA was observed. These results are consistent with the view that in Pinus, SA is synthesized from phosphoenolpyruvate...


In this paper, we investigate a problem of optimal control over a finite time interval for a linear autonomous system with slow and fast variables in the class of piecewise continuous controls with smooth geometric constraints in the form of a ball. We consider a terminal convex quality index that depends on slow and fast variables. We substantiate a limit relation for the vector determining the optimal control as the small parameter tends to zero. We refine the limit relation for the case of an indirect control problem with a terminal quality index, which is the sum of values of two strictly convex continuously differentiable functions, the first of which depends only on slow variables, and the second one depends only on fast variables and has a minimum at zero. In doing so, we show that the first component of the determining vector converges to the determining vector of the limit problem while the second component tends to zero. In the problem of indirect control of a system of material points in a medium with resistance, we obtain the complete asymptotics of the determining vector in powers of a small parameter.


of interest in what academics term '"popular" history. The success of television docudramas such as ''Roots," "Shogun," 'The Holocaust," and "The Blue and the Gray" attests to the popularity of historical themes with the public, as does the best-seller status attained by serious works such as Gordon Prange's posthumous volumes, At Dawn We Slept and Miracle at Midway. Indicative too of the public's continuing hunger for knowledge of the past has been a steady, even spec tacular growth of interest in military history. Books and articles designed to satisfy a vast readership pour forth from prestigious academic journals and popular maga zines alike. Battlefield tours are offered by book clubs and travel agencies; and enactment societies?voluntary organizations which exist to recreate in dramatic and


The latest advances in imaging spectroscopy of vege tation enabled remote sensing (RS) of plant reflected or emitted signals associated wi th photosynthetic processes as the photoprotective transformation of xanthophyll pigments or the chlor ophyll fluorescence (Chl-F). A potential future European Space Agency (ESA) satellite mission FLEX is expected to sense, apart from other parameters, so-called steady-state chlorophyll fluo rescence (Chl-FS) signal, which may be potentially used for monitoring of photosynthesis ( vegetation canopy carbon assimilation rate). Nevertheless, geometric complexity of plant canopie s and signal disturbing atmospheric factors require a proper approach for scaling the informati on of a single leaf optical properties up to the RS image data of anisotropic vegetation canopies. Such up-scaling approach can be established only via synergic measurements of ground based and air-/space-borne optical sensors. Our initial experiment revealed that Chl-FS, being strongly driven by the air temperature, is able to accurately indicate on- set and off-set of the photosynthetically active pe riod for the evergreen plants. Next field experiment, carried out with the VNIR imaging spectroradiometer AISA Eagle (SPECIM Ltd., Finland) mounted above the montane grassland and Norway spruce ( Picea abies /L./ Karst.) canopies, showed that the fluorescence signal is re trievable from passive optical imaging spectroscopy data. Further analyses revealed that s ome of the vegetation 'process-related' optical indices (e.g., photochemical reflectance index - PR I) are closely correlated to the parameters measured over the experimental canopies by eddy-covariance flux systems. The future objective is to continue in development the leaf-canopy Chl-F up -scaling approach by setting up local scale experiments employing the field pocket-size cost ef fective instruments measuring the leaf optical indices and Chl-F parameters simultaneously with ca nopy reflectance acquired by RS sensors from tower and aircraft platforms.


This paper presents a model-based trace testing (MBTT) approach to strengthen verification and validation techniques for formal co-simulation based wireless sensor network development (FoCoSim-WSN). This framework enables the functionality and protocol algorithms to be encoded in the controller model in the formal Event-B language. Use of proof tools can guarantee safety properties of this formal model. Also, network reliability and performance analysis is performed by MiXiM simulation including e.g. the network load distribution and the network latency. However, this framework lacks focus in validation coverage since test scenarios for the controller model are generated randomly from the simulation environment. Consequently, the MBTT technique is applied to validate the formal Event-B controller in co-models. This technique enables us to create test scenarios from the sequence of events in our co-simulation master algorithm. We use event trace diagrams, fault injection and recovery testing to specify functional, failing and recovery test scenarios. We define MiXiM co-simulation runs to generate long running test scenarios meeting our test requirements. The result shows how failing test scenarios in these runs ("killer traces") enable model debugging in terms of absent or erroneous constraints and events.


From 2013 to 2015, sanitary authorities reported an increased incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) in French Polynesia, Caribbean, and Brazil.1–3 After the end of ZIKV epidemics, GBS cases where still above the usual limits in countries where the arrival of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was also a concern.3


Recent advances in the resolution of multi-channel ℋ∞ control problems via nonsmooth optimization are exploited in this paper to provide a novel design methodology in the challenging context of flare control systems optimization. More precisely, the objective is to control the vertical speed of an aircraft before touchdown while minimizing the impact of airspeed variations, windshear and ground effects. A realistic and rather complete aircraft benchmark (freely available from the SMAC project website1) is also described in the paper.


Covers the use of microcomputers in laboratories and emphasizes the procedures for interfacing computers with laboratory equipment and instrumentation for control and data analysis.


: Based upon the wide q -range X-ray scattering study on stratum corneum, I will introduce that not only the structure of the intercellular lipid matrix but also the structure of soft keratin in the corneocytes plays an important role in function of the stratum corneum.


In this paper, we develop the Ostrogradsky–Hamilton formalism for geodetic brane gravity, described by the Regge–Teitelboim geometric model in higher codimension. We treat this gravity theory as a second-order derivative theory, based on the extrinsic geometric structure of the model. As opposed to previous treatments of geodetic brane gravity, our Lagrangian is linearly dependent on second-order time derivatives of the field variables, the embedding functions. The difference resides in a boundary term in the action, usually discarded. Certainly, this suggests applying an appropriate Ostrogradsky–Hamiltonian approach to this type of theories. The price to pay for this choice is the appearance of second-class constraints. We determine the full set of phase space constraints, as well as the gauge transformations they generate in the reduced phase space. Additionally, we compute the algebra of constraints and explain its physical content. In the same spirit, we deduce the counting of the physical degrees of freedom. We comment briefly on the naive formal canonical quantization emerging from our development.


The coordinate rotational digital computer(CORDIC)algorithm can transform the complicated mathematical function into simple operation of add and shift, therefore it is widely used in hardware realization of digital signal process(DSP) algorithm. The pipelined operational circuit of cosine and sine functions based on CORDIC algorithm has characteristics of high precision, small deviation and simple structure of circuit.


IT MAY BE CONTENDED that any one person's critical evaluation of pension plans must be inadequate since his notion as to the success or failure of the plan will depend on what goal he has in mind for it. The argument follows that since plans serve different purposes for different people, a poor mark in its evaluation by one person may have no relevance in evaluating its success for another person. To be more specific, it is often stated as a foregone conclusion that the goals set for pension plans by the Government are inconsistent with the objectives of employers; with the result that a poor mark from the Government may merely indicate the success of the plan from the employer's point of view. This argument will not withstand a critical evaluation. In many respects, the success or failure of a pension plan in fulfilling its expectations will depend on constant factors; whether this success or failure is from the viewpoint of the employer, the employee, or the Government. An example in point is the matter of guaranteeing that an employee's pension expectations will, in fact, be met through the payment of pension benefits to him. For the employer, a pension plan will surely survive its critical evaluation if it serves as an effective inducement to prospective employees and, at the same time, acts as a positive incentive for his existing employees to stay with the company. In either respect, however, the plan will be a success only if there is a reality behind its promise and this reality is known to the employees. If not, the pension plan certainly will not be a factor in an employee's decision to join-and remain-with the company. For the employee, a pension plan will probably represent an important element in his retirement planning. With this promise of retirement funds, he will feel secure in using more of his present income for other types of savings or perhaps for consumption. If he retires and receives his pension, his critical evaluation will likewise be positive. If, on the other hand, there are no funds to meet his benefit payments, the plan from his standpoint is an utter failure. For society, private pension plans represent a valuable supplement to the basic social security system. They enable employees to retire with incomes more closely related to their existing standards of living than would be possible by relying solely on the social security system within its present structure. If the private retirement system is successful in meeting this goal, society, as a whole, would undoubtedly give it a high mark in its critical evaluation. However, this goal can be met only if the pension plans, in fact, make the pension distributions which they promise. Thus, there is at least one common measure of the success or failure of a


This report is based on data collected in 1977-1978 in the rural town of "Guadalupe" (the name is fictitious to protect the individuals involved). The town is located in Mexicos central plateau and migration histories were collected for all 2621 inhabitants. The data allows a detailed examination of patterns of U.S.-bound migration focusing on a comparison between legal and illegal migrants. 35% of all townspeople are active migrants; 3/4 of all families contain at least 1 U.S. migrant; and since these families contain 79% of the towns population roughly 80% of all Guadelupenos are tied to wages earned in the U.S. Since over 90% of all legal migrants from Guadalupe return home within 12 months of leaving the resident visa or Green Card has become a de facto work permit rather than the permanent residence permit it was intended to be. 42% of women of labor force age (15-64) currently migrate seasonally to the U.S. compared to 75% of labor force males; but only 14% labor force female migrants were illegals compared to a figure of 26% among labor force males. The majority of labor force females go for work and not simply to avoid separation from their husbands. Illegal migrants are predominantly men who travel alone; while legal migrants are more likely to travel north with other family members. Within the U.S. illegal groups tended to remain in one place during their stay while legal groups showed considerable geographic mobility. U.S.-bound migration from Mexicos rural areas is much higher than that from her urban centers; but were it not for seasonal migration to the U.S. many Guadelupenos would have long since joined the ranks of permanent out-migrants to Mexican urban centers. While Guadalupe is an extreme example of conditions endemic to rural Mexico: 1) land shortages; 2) poor agriculture; 3) low wages; 4) lack of jobs; and 5) expanding population there is no reason to assume that findings from this town are unrepresentative of broader patterns within much of rural Mexico. These findings may also indicate future trends in migration if Mexicos rural population doubles in the next 20-25 years as appears likely.


The Maxwell equations are considered as fundamental formulation of wave propagation for a dielectric slab waveguide at frequencies in the IR region. In this article, the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic waves propagating through the zinc sulfide (ZnS) semiconductor planar waveguide at wavelength of 1 µm is reported using 2013 MATLAB software. Additionally, a comparison of the waveguide parameters using two modes namely transvers electric (TE) and transvers magnetic (TM) is demonstrated in details. This could be attributed to the interference of effective refractive index value. In particular, the penetration depth has demonstrated values of 0.2419 and 0.2445 µm for TE0 and TM0 modes at thickness of 2.69 µm, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of temperature on the effective reflective index has been elaborated. Furthermore, the propagation angles in TM modes exhibited lower values than TE modes with respect to the core thickness; and lower wavelength resulted in higher cutoff frequency with respect to the number of modes. While, the relation between neff and temperature for both TE and TM modes showed that TE mode exhibited advanced values as compared to TM mode. This work demonstrates a short pathway for a theoretical analysis of electromagnetic waves through ZnS planer waveguide using both TE and TM modes.


Introduction- Upper Gastrointestinal disorders are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in develop- ing world. Endoscopy has become a cornerstone for diagnosing various upper gastrointestinal disorders and the pattern of disorders has been changing over last few years. Objectives - To assess the pattern of upper gastrointestinal disorders in patients who underwent endoscopy within last 5 years in a tertiary care hospital of Assam. Methods- A retrospective study was con- ducted in Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh wherein the records of patients undergoing endoscopy under the Department of Surgery within the last 5yrs (2009-2013) were reviewed and analyed. Statistical analysis was done using MS excel and data was analyzed in percentages. Results - A total of 2780 patients underwent UGI endoscopy during last 5yrs with age ranging from 4-95 yrs. There were 1975 males (71.04%) and 805 females (28.96%) with male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Gastritis was found to be the most common cause of morbidity in 575 patients (20.68%) followed by duodenal ulcer in 420 patients (15.1%). Carcinoma esophagus was reported in 325 cases (11.69%) and gastric carcinoma in 140(5.03%). Esophageal varices was found in 320 patients (11.51%) while only 165(5.93%) had gastric ulcer. Miscellaneous lesions like duodenitis, esophageal polyp, gastric polyp, hiatus hernia, Dieulafoy's lesion etc) were found in 415 patients (14.92%) while normal finding was reported in 420 patients (15.1%). Conclusion- Gastritis continues to be an important cause of morbidity in Assam. The prevalence of Carcinoma esophagus and stomach is also quite high. Both duodenal and gastric ulcer prevalence was found to be high. Further studies need to be done to determine the factors associated with these diseases and minimize their complications.


The issue of Patent enforcement in the UK has generated a lot of heat, but not much light in the last year. Despite the lack of comprehensive empirical evidence of demand, a number of policy documents have focused on facilitating affordable patent litigation for small and medium sized firms. Based on an Opinion Report by the same author that contributed to SABIP's response to Justice Jackson's Civil Litigation Costs Review, this paper unpacks several aspects of patent litigation reform in the UK, including PCC reform, the role of the UKIPO and insights from other jurisdictions.


Peace is an integral aspect and generally recognized as one of the vital characteristics of a stable human society. Hence, it is of no doubt, that, no community; society or any nation across the globe can meaningfully grow and develop outside of peaceful coexistence of the people. It is pertinent to note that, to have a peaceful society, the young are vulnerable and need to be exposed to right form of educational curriculum contents that support skills and appropriate values at early age of life as they grow up to adulthood for the sake of communal peace, effective citizenship and political participation. In fact, it is essential to do this, since the younger generation would later grow up into adulthood and mount the positions of leadership and corridors of powers. Considering the submission of Uko, Igbineweka and Odigwe (2015), that, early stage of learning in life, influences behavioral patterns of individuals in a society. This is in line with the fact that, when there is informed learning at early stage of human life, such a person is privileged and nurtured in spirit, mind and soul. Thereby, being at choice to dislike what ought to hate in violent context and embrace what is good for the sake of peace. UNESCO (2001), in respect to constitution in reference to peace states that, "since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defense of peace must be constructed. This means, human"s mind should be educated and enlightened in order to be an informed fellow who would embrace peace and shun violence by all possible means. Abstract: The rate of conflicts, crises and violent acts across the globe are seriously affecting all forms of human facets. These have endangered the level of economic growth and development of many nations of the world. Hence, peace education becomes useful instrument through which learners can acquire necessary skills, values and attitudes that will make them tolerate and peacefully coexist with one another irrespective of primordial differences within the justice system. Therefore, the study sought assessment of peace education contents in basic Social Studies curricula for effective citizenship and moral development of basic students in Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive design of survey type. The samples of 606 basic Social Studies teachers were used. A structured questionnaire involving the items related to the subject matter of the study was used for data collection. The findings of the study showed that, Social Studies teachers are aware of relevance of peace education goals in Social Studies curricula. Then, peace education contents in basic Social Studies curricula are sufficient to prepare basic students toward being effective and morally developed as Nigerian citizens. Findings revealed that, Social Studies teachers possessed the pedagogical content knowledge of peace education contents in Social Studies curricula and the basic student are tolerant and exhibit acceptable attitudes that support Nigerian society. However, there were recommendation, that, members of the society should be synthesized through media, conferences, seminar and the likes about the benefits accrued to peaceful coexistence. Basic students should go on excursions to engage directly from crises affected areas in order to learn more about negative effect of crises.


Lin Chi Peng has been endeavored in promoting and researching the history of China Protestant. From thesis writing stage, while pursuing Master degree, to lecturing in university, he has been charting the course in this direction, and thus it has become his lifelong academic career.Lin Chi Peng's study on the history of China Protestant mainly focuses on two aspects, one is on dealing with problems of Christianity in China, while the other is on Christianity and China. The former seized the role of Christianity in the course of China's modernization through historical research, as it would be the responses to anti-Christianity discourse. The latter pushed forward the problem of culture acceptance to the problem of indigenization of Christianity in China so as to resolve the suspicion of anti-Christians with a positive attitude. From the perspective of both historical and cultural study, modernization and indigenization have been the core topic and direction of Lin Chi Peng's efforts in his study on history of China Protestant.


This article features the results of a survey of the 50 State Departments of Education regarding their definitions of learning disabilities, identification criteria, and operationalization procedures. A conceptual framework consisting of 10 components is presented for analyzing the data in terms of definition and identification criteria. Results show a significant impact of the 1977 federal definition and criteria while revealing variations in state definitions and criteria. To determine current trends the data are compared with those from a similar survey conducted in 1976. Survey findings are discussed in terms of trends, heterogeneity of LD, and the NJCLD definition.


Human-carnivore conflict is one of the leading constraints to biodiversity conservation efforts. We investigated livestock depredation in two sub districts (Debre-Genet and Debre Tsehay) that were located nearby a waste dump and in two sub districts (Worki-Amba and Dabanow) that were located far from the waste dump. We hypothesized that livestock depredation would be higher in villages located close to waste dumping place where hyenas are more abundant at night than in villages that are located at relatively far places. Structured interview was used for randomly selected 277 respondents from four sub-districts [Debre-Genet (n=30), Debre-Tsehay (n=31), Worki-Amba (n=140) and Dabanow (n=76). A total of 158 (57%) respondents claimed livestock depredation and a total of 535 livestock were lost over the years 2009-2013. In total, livestock depredation was higher in Worki-Amba and Dabanow subdistricts (67% n=360) than in Debre-Genet and Debre Tsehay sub-districts (33% n=175). However, in intensity livestock depredation was higher in the vicinity of waste dump than in sub-districts that were far from the waste dumping site. The findings demonstrate that livestock depredation was higher in the villages that were located close to the waste dumping site. This might be due to the availability of human organic waste in the waste dump.


In order to test the feasibility of applying in-situ combustion techniques to diatomaceous reservoirs, a laboratory test was conducted for a section of core taken in the south plunge of the anticline in the Lost Hills field of the San Joaquin Valley in California. Tests were conducted to compare the cores before and after combustion, using scanning microscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, and extraction techniques. After burning, the sediments changed from dark brown to red in color as a result of oxidation of organic and iron phases. Small numbers of diatom frustules were transformed from amorphous opol to quartz, with accompanying occlusion of pore spaces. With the exception of the color change, however, the sediments remained largely unaltered. It is especially interesting to note that the kerogen within the sediments appears to supply a portion of the fuel required for combustion. Kerogen is detrital organic matter than can be burned but cannot be extracted easily from a core in the laboratory. Kerogen's presence could make in-situ combusion more economical and efficient than other EOR methods in diatomites. (JMT)


Trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers, acetates, cyclic alkane boronates (of diols) and nicotinates were evaluated as derivatives for determining the structure of n-, iso- and anteiso- long-chain alcohols and 1,2-diols. The nicotinates were the most satisfactory for both the mono- and dihydric compounds; their spectra contained a series of ions produced by radical-induced cleavage following random hydrogen abstraction from the aliphatic chain, and the differences in relative abundances of these ions reflected the position of methyl branching. In the spectra of all the derivatives studied, ions at m/z 56 and 70 were characteristic of the iso- and anteiso-structures respectively, but only in the spectra of the acetates of the monohydric alcohols were the relative abundances of these ions diagnostically useful. The cyclic alkane boronates were found to be poor indicators of chain structure. Several new fragmentations of the TMS derivatives of primary alcohols are reported.


A 2200-w capacity spacecraft heat rejection system designed for the SEPS and utilizing heat pipe radiator panels has been investigated. The total thermal control system consists of two radiator panels connected to the heat source by variable conductance heat pipes (VCHP's). The system was designed to operate in the 223 to 333 temperature range. The radiators have an emittance of 0.88 at their operational temperature and a fin efficiency of approximately 80 percent. The radiators are thermally isolated from the SEPS and environment by multilayer insulation and thermal shields. Butane was selected as the working fluid for the VCHP because of its low freezing point (135), which is necessary to prevent diffusion freezeout of the liquid during the cold outbond missions. Helium was selected for the control gas. This paper describes the VCHP system, discusses the system design parameters and presents the results of the analyses.


1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; 3The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; 4Southeast Big Data Institute of Hepatobiliary Health, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; 5The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate predictive and prognostic significance of elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) serum level preoperatively. Methods: A total of 3440 HCC patients were retrospectively enrolled into this study, and all


Saunders DH, Sanderson M, Hayes S, et al . Physical fitness training for stroke patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016; Issue 3: CD003316.

Loss of cardiorespiratory fitness is a common secondary impairment frequently observed in people after stroke, resulting from a combination of primary impairments such as muscle weakness and decreased physical activity.1 Low fitness is likely to restrict return to life role participation.2 Physical fitness training programmes are often prescribed to address loss of fitness and involve either cardiorespiratory training, resistance training or mixed training which combines both.

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of physical fitness training in reducing death, dependence and disability after stroke. The secondary aims included evaluating the effects of physical fitness training on mobility, physical fitness, quality of life, mood and cognitive function.

Eleven electronic databases and four trial registry platforms were searched up to February 2015, and included randomised controlled trials that examined the effects of cardiorespiratory, resistance or mixed training. The review included adult stroke survivors who were suitable for fitness training.

The intervention groups included cardiorespiratory training (eg, treadmill walking, cycle …


This paper presents a novel spring reinforced actuator inspired by muscular hydrostats and exoskeleton existing in varies nature species. By applying this constraint to a soft actuator system, the actuator can achieve a balance stiffness and compliant. Experimental result and a demonstration of the actuator on a quad-pedal are shown.


Hydrocarbon migration after plug and abandonment (P&A) operations negates well integrity and threatens the environment. A section milling procedure for P&A that achieves rock to rock bond eliminates the risk of releasing fluids and gases to surface. This section milling procedure usually involves milling a window in the inner casing and then creating another window in the adjacent outer casing. The tool developed for this process is commonly known as dual string section milling (DSSM) tool. Simulations using advanced finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prior to prototype manufacturing is an extremely useful guide for predicting performance, optimizing design and avoiding costly oversights. This results in higher quality of design of pioneering or innovative products while reducing development costs and time to deliver tools to field.
 The scope of this paper is to discuss design optimization using CFD that resulted in efficient flow distribution leading to elimination of wash out issues during field runs, while highlighting case studies summary based on design changes made to the new dual string section milling tool. Initial testing of dual string section milling tool design was done on test drilling rig that revealed some erosion prone areas in the tool; this design was modified using CFD to eliminate these erosion prone areas. However, during field runs in salt dome reservoir applications, the erosion issues reappeared in critical flow areas. Further CFD analysis was conducted to eliminate erosion in critical areas to formulate the final product design. The goal was to develop an optimized design delivering extended milling times when the section window requirements were 100 feet or more without any washout or erosion issues while using high pump flow rates.
 This paper discusses the optimized dual string section milling technology using advanced computational techniques. The development of this technology is an enormous time saving for operators versus using conventional methods- in one offshore field case it resulted in more than 20 days savings in milling time.


Although recent empirical studies indicate that the renminbi is undervalued, few people discuss how to adjust it effectively. The essential objective behind this paper is to explore the effect of the alternative adjustment of China's real exchange rate. Different with the simulation designs of IIE's Asian currency devaluation study, which discussed renminbi's real exchange rate change and its competitiveness if China's overall trade surplus reduces to zero. This paper considers the formation mechanism of the real exchange rate. By assuming the same change of factor's price during different time periods and using the recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the two different scenarios are simulated against the baseline, one is to adjust the macro-structural imbalance by decreasing the gross national saving rate in China and the other is to adjust the micro-structural imbalance by increasing the real wage rate of Chinese labor. It can be seen that, first, the external imbalance will be improved by the internal structural adjustment in the long-term; second, the effect of macro-adjustment is more significant than the micro-adjustment; third, a real appreciation would be sufficient for China to improve its terms of trade and change the export-oriented model of development into demandoriented model of development in the next decade.


Explaining four basic types of noise, and by showing the various methods, together with boundary conditions, which can be used to find the worst case noise margins. A flip-flop setup is advised which can be used for measurements and computer simulations, both for static and dynamic noise margins. Also configurations with fan-in and fan-out larger than 1 can be handled with this flip-flop method. In general, it is found that the dynamic noise margins increase for shorter noise pulses; a first-order explanation of this phenomenon is given. Also, energy noise margins are considered. The theoretical considerations are completed with computer simulations and measurements of the static and dynamic noise margins of integrated Schottky logic (ISL), as an example.


Young people remain inhibited in their exploration of sexuality not only by heterosexual morality and gendered power relations but also by their transitional status, yet the age dimension of youth and sexuality has been relatively neglected in recent research. This paper examines a number of social constraints on young people's opportunities for talk and discussion about sex, with reference to their experiences of sex education and services in sexual health. Based on interviews with 147 young women and young men and a separate survey of 400 clinic users, it emphasises the limited social acceptance of teenage sexuality and the forms of its regulation, which are both normative and relational. Attention to social relations with adults also shows how questions of sexual citizenship are closely connected to wider issues of social equality.


Abstract The interaction of the ionic liquid [C4C1Im][BF4] with anatase TiO2, a model photoanode material, has been studied using a combination of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The system is of interest as a model for fundamental electrolyte–electrode and dye‐sensitized solar cells. The initial interaction involves degradation of the [BF4]− anion, resulting in incorporation of F into O vacancies in the anatase surface. At low coverages, [C4C1Im][BF4] is found to order at the anatase(101) surface via electrostatic attraction, with the imidazolium ring oriented 32±4° from the anatase TiO2 surface. As the coverage of ionic liquid increases, the influence of the oxide surface on the topmost layers is reduced and the ordering is lost.


*SUMMARY Motivation: An evolutionary scenario has been proposed for the regulatory mechanisms of methionine biosynthesis in gram-positive bacteria based on the distribution of T- and S-boxes in various genomes. However, some bacteria, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and Streptococcus agalacticae, use regulatory DNAbinding proteins to control methionine biosynthesis genes instead of these RNA-based mechanisms. In this study we focused on evolution of these transcription factors in C. glutamicum, S. agalacticae and related species. Results: We performed detailed analysis of the orthologous regulons for transcription factors regulating methionine biosynthesis in related genomes. We predicted two new potential members of the methionine biosynthesis pathway in several genomes of corynebacteria, and identified potential binding signals for methionine transcription factors in some relatively distant and diverse genomes, such as Bifidobacterium and Brevibacterium.


: Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most commonly problematic bacterial infections, especially among women. Increasing drug resistance requires the determination of an antibiotic resistance pattern for proper treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance against bacterial agents isolated from urinary tract infections in women referred to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2800 urine samples acquired from outpatient women referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad between 2015 and 2016. Sampling method was as simple random sampling, and data collection method was field sampling. Detection of the bacteria was performed using routine microbiological and biochemical methods. Susceptibility testing was performed using a disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) on the Muller Hinton Agar medium. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, through Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Among 6500 of urine samples, 1155 samples were positive for bacteria. The highest prevalence belonged to Escherichia coli with 640 isolates (55.4%), and the lowest prevalence belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 35 isolates (3%). The highest resistance was reported against ampicillin (84.2%) and the lowest resistance to ciprofloxacin (27.7%), followed by ampicillin (28.2%). Conclusion: In this study, the antibiotic resistance was high for antibiotics routinely used to treat urinary tract infection. Therefore, due to the rapid increase in antibiotic resistance, an accurate assessment of antibiotic resistance pattern is needed.


Using furan-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (FDCA) as a ligand, we prepared [Ag(FDCA)(ClO4)]n (ECP-1) with a graphene-like structure, which successfully shows a low friction sensitivity (FS = 84 N), in sharp contrast with its high impact sensitivity (IS = 4 J).


Characteristics like reliability and modularity of solar photovoltaic (SPV) units makes them one of the apt options for generating electric power. However, the input intermittency is their major lacuna, and power electronic circuits are being used to nullify this effect. A solar photovoltaic power conversion process includes a DC‐DC converter in the plant side to deliver a fixed DC voltage and a DC‐AC converter in the grid side for converting DC voltage in to grid compatible AC voltage. The high duty ratio of typical DC‐DC boost converters limits the switching frequency and efficiency. In this article, a way to enhance the performance of a SPV unit using an improved quadratic boost converter (IQBC) is analysed. It can deliver a higher output voltage at lower duty ratio with Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm‐based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). A 250 W prototype of IQBC‐based Solar PV power conversion system (SPVPCS) is developed, and its performance is compared against conventional and quadratic boost converters and found that the IQBC‐based solar power conversion system is efficient and the results are presented.


In this study, we compare observed Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes with the historical simulations from 13 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), using an optimal fingerprinting framework. We show that there is an unequivocal greenhouse gas–forced warming in the Southern Ocean. This warming is strongest in the Subantarctic Mode Waters but is also detectable in denser water masses, which has not been shown in previous studies. We also find greenhouse gas–forced salinity changes, most notably a freshening of Antarctic Intermediate Waters. Our analysis also shows that non–greenhouse gas anthropogenic forcings—anthropogenic aerosols and stratospheric ozone depletion—have played an important role in mitigating the Southern Ocean's warming. However, the detectability of these responses using optimal fingerprinting is model dependent, and this result is therefore not as robust as for the greenhouse gas response.


AS the title of this paper implies, my purpose is to discuss townships and towns, their evolution, and the relations between them. Coming from Australia the very term "township" was rather unfamiliar to me; and at first I imagined that here, as there, it connoted a "village "-something smaller than a "town." On the contrary in Ontario-as in the United States-it may be roughly defined as an area of land, usually about a hundred square miles, which has been plotted on a map with a view to the ready subdivision of the area into small blocks for


The paper is devoted to the issues of interconnectedness of S&T development and macroeconomic conditions. Despite of a bulk of studies on the impact of innovation and S&T expenditures on economic growth, there is a lack of studies which try to capture influence of economic development on innovation and S&T patterns. Thus in this paper we have tried to find statistical interrelations between a number of macroeconomic indicators and R&D intensity of GDP as the main indicator of S&T development. The scope of the study covers all countries which send their data to the World Bank database and UNESCO Institute of statistic during 2000-2011. Analysed period reflects one full business cycle from the end of the previous crisis (end of 90es) to the end of the last one (end of 2000-es). Number of quite interesting evidence were identified in the paper. First of all it concerns the fact that R&D policy does not heavily depend on some macroeconomic indicators such as cash balance, the level of industrialization but it rather depends on the level of natural recourses endowment, cost of capital, macroeconomic stability as well.


Objective: To determine whether or not soluble factors produced by peripheral blood mononulear cells (PBMC) can predict AIDS dementia. Design and methods: PBMC were isolated from individuals with and without AIDS dementia complex (ADC) to determine if the levels of cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐&agr; and interleukin (IL)‐6, or the production of a neurotoxic substance, were significantly different. PBMC were studied after determining that the numbers of monocyte‐derived macrophages isolated by adherence were highly variable from patients with ADC compared with individuals without ADC. We prospectively studied 16 AIDS dementia patients, 13 healthy HIV‐seropositive individuals, and eight seronegative controls. Supernatants from PBMC were assayed for TNF‐&agr;, IL‐6 and alone for neurotoxicity on human neural cells in vitro. Results: We observed a trend towards worse cognitive and motor performance in patients suffering from ADC but who had no opportunistic infections ('pure dementia'; n = 8). Levels of PBMC IL‐6 were significantly higher in 'pure dementia' patients. There was a trend towards lower levels of PBMC TNF‐&agr; in the group of patients who had both dementia and opportunistic infections compared with 'pure dementia' patients. Supernatant from PBMC of ADC patients was significantly more neurotoxic than that from healthy HIV‐seropositive individuals. Conclusions: Macrophage isolation from PBMC of patients with ADC was altered. Soluble factors produced from PBMC were significantly more neurotoxic than soluble factors from PBMC of healthy HIV‐seropositive individuals. PBMC production of TNF‐&agr; and IL‐6 was not a significant predictor of ADC.


A review of the Canadian health care system indicates, on the minus side, administrative inefficiencies, conflicts with providers, and relatively slow adoption of new technology. Canada has, however, eliminated some of the major challenges facing the United States: uneven access to care, high levels of uncompensated care, and cost shifting. Moreover, Canada's infant mortality rates, which are much lower than U.S. rates, attest to the nation's relative success in providing basic health care services to its population.


Let G be a non-elementary group of isometries of a proper CAT(0)-space with limit set L. We survey properties of the action of G on L under the assumption that G contains a rank-one element. Among others, we show that there is a dense orbit for the action of G on the complement of the diagonal in LxL and that pairs of fixed points of rank-one elements are dense in the complement of the diagonal of LxL.


The 21st century is the age of network. Network advertisement is attracting more and more attention of manufacturers and advertisers just with its particular advantage. Today, with new network media and traditional media fighting for the advertisement market, we must clearly know the developing trend of network advertisement and try to find the solutions to the problems.


Abstract Developing holistic accounts of indigenous peoples' lifeways in colonial intercultural settings requires data that provide insights into patterns of landscape use and variations in social, economic, and cultural practices away from nodes of colonial activity. However, the mobile settlement patterns of some indigenous peoples mean that the data necessary for such investigations can be rare. In western Cape York Peninsula of northeastern Australia, culturally modified trees (CMTs) associated with the collection of wild honey or "sugarbag" provide opportunities to investigate indigenous patterns of landscape use and processes of economic change within colonial settings. Here we use CMT data to suggest that increased engagement with invader-settlers resulted in intensification of indigenous wild food production. This study exemplifies the complexity of socioeconomic shifts that accompanied European colonization worldwide, and illustrates how landscape-level data can provide information on the broader histories of indigenous peoples within colonial settings.


Abstract A global observational study of atmospheric conditions associated with tropical disturbance and storm development is presented. This study primarily uses upper air observations which have become available over the tropical oceans in the last decade. Climatological values of vertical stability, low level wind, tropospheric vertical wind shear and other parameters relative to the location and seasons of tropical disturbance and storm development are discussed. Individual storm data are also presented in summary form for over 300 development cases (with over 1,500 individual observation times) for four tropical storm genesis areas. Results show that most tropical disturbances and storms form in regions equatorward of 20° lat. on the poleward side of doldrum Equatorial Troughs where the tropospheric vertical shear of horizontal wind (i.e., baroclinicity) is a minimum or zero. Storm development occurring on the poleward side of 20° lat. in the Northwest Atlantic and North-west Pacific takes place unde...


Corals and reef fish choose nice homes Young animals tend to disperse into new habitats. Can we use populations in protected areas to colonize nearby recovering or overused habitats? It seems that for corals and reef fish, the answer may be no. Dixson et al. show that dispersing juvenile corals and reef fish were overwhelmingly attracted to healthy reefs but were repelled by seaweeds that colonize degraded reefs (see the Perspective by Bruno). Thus, even species that appear passive in their choice of habitat may have stronger preferences than we thought. Science, this issue p. 892; see also p. 879 Juvenile corals and reef fish are attracted by chemical signals of healthy reefs, preventing settlement in degraded areas. [Also see Perspective by Bruno] Coral reefs are in global decline, converting from dominance by coral to dominance by seaweed. Once seaweeds become abundant, coral recovery is suppressed unless herbivores return to remove seaweeds, and corals then recruit. Variance in the recovery of fishes and corals is not well understood. We show that juveniles of both corals and fishes are repelled by chemical cues from fished, seaweed-dominated reefs but attracted to cues from coral-dominated areas where fishing is prohibited. Chemical cues of specific seaweeds from degraded reefs repulsed recruits, and cues from specific corals that are typical of healthy reefs attracted recruits. Juveniles were present at but behaviorally avoided recruiting to degraded reefs dominated by seaweeds. For recovery, degraded reefs may need to be managed to produce cues that attract, rather than repel, recruiting corals and fishes.


The paper combines the geology,structure and setting of working well with other points of Liuyang river tunnel project of entering in Xiangjiang river road of Changsha.By methods of research and comparion,describes the advantagees and disadvantages of the construction schemes the paper forwards reasonable schemes of entering the tunnel.Thereby,the paper points out the importance of construction scheme in construction organization.


In evaluating ceramic magnet materials as to suitability for permanent magnet motor use, it has been found that the normally accepted criterions, energy product, is of very little value.A new figure of merit is proposed, which is BrHx. Br is the residual induction of the material, and Hx is defined as the H coordinate of a point on the intrinsic demagnetization curve, whose B coordinate is 0.8Br. For an imaginary motor with zero air gap, equations are developed to show an inverse proportionality between BrHx and the total volume of magnet material required to meet a given motor performance curve. For real motors, which contain air gaps, the figure of merit becomes; Br[Hx−0.8Br/(Pc +1)], where Pc is the permeance coefficient at which the magnet is operating. Since Pc does not vary widely in typical motors, and since this second figure of merit is not extremely sensitive to the value of Pc in typical ceramic magnet materials, an average value can be assigned to each material for comparison purposes. This se...


In this paper, we present how to evaluate the performance of On-Chip Interconnect IP using Traffic Generator implemented by ESL Modeling (SoC Designer). Our experimental results show that PL301 is more uniform distribution of traffic processing than those of PL300. (PL30x : the example of On-Chip Interconnect IP)


Fractions are a fundamental content of primary-level education and must therefore be included in the training courses for primary school teachers. Experts argue that deep understanding is required to improve primary school teachers' knowledge of this mathematical concept (Ball, 1990; Cramer, Post & del Mas, 2002; Newton, 2008). Our study focuses on the part-whole relationship as a crucial foundation in working with fractions. This paper characterizes some of the meanings of this relationship for a group of future primary school teachers. FRACTIONS AND THE MEANING OF THE PART-WHOLE RELATIOPNSHIP Fractions may be interpreted in various ways (e.g., as ratios, operators, quotients, and measurements), and diverse models have been developed to organize these interpretations. We use proposals by Kieren (1976) and Behr, Lesh, Post and Silver (1983) to establish that these interpretations are organized according to the kind of relationship to which the fraction belongs: part-whole relationship, part-part relationship, and functional relationship, as shown in Figure 1.


In article problems of a family and family education to which addressed in the works as outstanding teachers – K. D. Ushinskiy, P. F. Lesgaft, P. F. Kapterev, and public figures – N. V. Shelgunov, L. N. Tolstoy, N. I. Pirogov are considered. Family upbringing is of great importance in historical development of society as a family, being the first and most significant conductor of social influence for the child, enters it into all variety of the related relations, a family life, causing these or those feelings, actions, ways of behavior, having impact on formation of habits, traits of character, mental properties. Many valuable finds of great teachers of the past are unfairly forgotten. The address to them and their objective assessment from a position of the present will enrich with useful tips the theory and practice of upbringing and education of children now.


An experimental investigation of the form of the temperature structure in the slightly heated plane wake and its relationship to the intermittency and interface structure is described. No evidence is found of periodic interface motion. Furthermore, it is shown that the large scale structures of the interface modulations with wavelengths greater than 10% of the wake width are highly correlated with the large scale temperature structure within the wake and hence that the interface is related primarily to the large scale structure of the flow field.


This editorial introduces the second issue of the bulletin of Nigerias Social Sciences and Reproductive Health Research Network. After describing the creation of the Network the editorial reviews the contents of this issue. One reports on a March 1995 Network workshop on womens empowerment and reproductive health that sought to further the work of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. Next two articles report on the Networks ongoing study of adolescent sexuality that has revealed that Nigerian society is bewildered by a crisis of adolescent sexuality caused by a rejection of traditional values of premarital virginity and by confusion about where to lay the blame. Other articles review the Networks first annual meeting and provide a synopsis of a lecture on female genital mutilation sponsored by the Network. The editorial ends by noting that the bulletin welcomes feedback from its readers.


An improved regression line is derived for determining the distances to the clusters of galaxies in Abell's catalog from the magnitude of the 10th brightest galaxy. The relation is based on 75 clusters with observed red shifts.


Salvage archaeology in advance of the creation of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser on the Nile contributed greatly to knowledge of Egypt's past. Now survey and excavation by members of the Institute at the site of a new dam has found evidence of Neolithic and later settlements much farther south in northern Sudan.


The time complexity of a collision detection algorithm can be reduced to logarithmic in the number of tests per-formed when the objects are decomposed into a Bounding Volume (BV) tree hierarchy. It is well known that the Sphere Bounding Volume (SBV) and the Axis Aligned Bounding Box (AABB) hierarchies require inexpensive overlapping tests. However, we present a method called the Distance Hierarchy (DH) which is more suitable for deformable objects and is very simple to implement. It uses a hierarchical tree to decompose each object into regions. Each region requires just one parameter, its radius. In this work we compare three methods, AABB hierarchy, Sphere hierarchy, and DH, where the focus is on the intersection test, computation time, and the use of memory.


Giving a definition of psychological contract,the author expounds the importance of construction the psychological contract in the management of gymnastics team with some management theories.After analyzing all of these,the author puts forward some advice on how to build the psychology contract in our management,these are building a new idea of management based on serving for gymnastics athlete,making the long value program with gymnastics athlete,and building some mechanism of management for gymnastics team.


Due to a significant investment in digital infrastructure and a pro-innovation policy and regulatory framework, the Innovation Ecosystems in Nairobi, Dar es Salaam and Kampala have considerably expanded over the last five years, incorporating new national and international Innovation Stakeholders. This is important in the context of realising the objectives of National Development Plans, and addressing high levels of youth and graduate unemployment. This paper presents a sub-set of results from a comprehensive baseline analysis of Innovation Ecosystems in these cities with a focus on assessing the current level of ICT-related Collaboration, Innovation Absorption capacity and challenges to be addressed. In order to benefit from these developments, it is recommended that the public sector take a leadership role in establishing necessary mechanisms that will stimulate multi-stakeholder collaboration amongst existing Innovation Actors to foster a sustainable Collaborative Open Innovation and Entrepreneurial culture.


CONTENTS: Introduction Handling of contact lenses by the ophthalmologist Fitting scleral lenses Fitting hard corneal lenses Gas permeable lenses Fitting soft contact lenses Fitting toric contact lenses Handling of contact lenses by the patient Care of contact lenses Refraction problems related to contact lens wear Adverse reactions to scleral lenses Adverse reactions to hard corneal lenses Adverse reactions to soft contact lenses Therapeutic uses of contact lenses Keratoconus Corneal grafts and other surgical procedures Aphakia Presbyopia


Objctive To investigate the effect of memory alloy fixation in treatment of multiple rib fractures that occurred coal mine accidents. Methods From January 2008 to January 2013 in our hospital,80 patients according to the different treatments were randomly divided into observation group and control group,40 cases in each group.The control group were given general routine surgical therapy,observation group were given memory alloy internal fixation treatment.The efficacy and healing time and complications were compared after treatment. Results The total effective rate of observation group was 97.5%,was significantly higherthan the control group(75.0%)(x2=8.129,P 0.05).The healing time of observation group was significantly faster than the control group(P 0.05).The complication rate of observation group was 5.0%,was significantly less than the control group(P 0.05). Conclusion memory alloy fixation in treatment of multiple rib fractures that occurred coal mine accidents has a good effect,fewer complications,and it is worthy of promotion and application.


As a means of validating numerical models, recent research has shown a need for methodology to measure the structural damping of very lightly damped structures (loss factor < 0.005) to a high level of accuracy. Traditional experimental methods of measuring structural damping must be altered to accurately capture the lightly damped response. Otherwise, inaccurate damping values will be calculated that are larger than those intrinsically found in the material/structure. This presentation focuses on experimental technique modifications required for frequency domain methods of measurement of ultra-low damped structures. First, the implications of less accurate capture of resonant peaks in frequency response functions will be explored. Typical short frame, uniform frequency spacing can result in large measurement errors with lightly damped test articles. Instead, long time histories, focused sine-based testing, zero-padding, and peak approximation methods should be utilized for improved accuracy. Additionally, the effects of isolation-related boundary conditions and instrumentation mass to measurement accuracy are explored and quantified. As a means of validating numerical models, recent research has shown a need for methodology to measure the structural damping of very lightly damped structures (loss factor < 0.005) to a high level of accuracy. Traditional experimental methods of measuring structural damping must be altered to accurately capture the lightly damped response. Otherwise, inaccurate damping values will be calculated that are larger than those intrinsically found in the material/structure. This presentation focuses on experimental technique modifications required for frequency domain methods of measurement of ultra-low damped structures. First, the implications of less accurate capture of resonant peaks in frequency response functions will be explored. Typical short frame, uniform frequency spacing can result in large measurement errors with lightly damped test articles. Instead, long time histories, focused sine-based testing, zero-padding, and peak approximation methods should be utilized for improved accuracy. Additionally...


A macroevolutionary model is developed to account for the "adaptive radiation"; of cheilostome bryozoans that commenced in the Cenomanian after a long phase of low diversity. Living cheilostome species possess one of two types of larvae; planktotrophic (cyphonautes) larvae of relatively long duration, and brooded non‐planktotrophic (coronate) larvae of short duration. Planktotrophic larvae characterize the paraphyletic "malacostegans"; from which "advanced"; cheilostomes with non‐planktotrophic larvae are thought to have evolved monophyletically. Research on other marine invertebrates suggests that gene flow within and between populations is likely to be poorer in species having non‐planktotrophic larvae, and hence the frequency of allopatric and quasi‐sympatric speciation may be greater. Skeletal evidence of larval brooding in the cheilostomes first appears in the late Albian, immediately before their adaptive radiation, and the evolution of non‐planktotrophy with associated increase in speciation rate i...


Treatment of Polycystic Kidney Disease. No effective therapy currently exists for polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but one of the most promising approaches involves inhibition of the vasopressin V2 receptor. Recent studies have shown that the V2 receptor antagonist OPC-31260 inhibits disease progression in animal models of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and nephronophthisis. In this issue of JASN, Vicente Torres and his colleagues tested the more potent and selective V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan (OPC-41061), and found that it also decreases the severity of cyst formation in a rat model of ARPKD. The mechanism appears to involve decreased cAMP production and inhibition of mean arterial pressure kinase signaling. Because tolvaptan is already being used in phase III clinical trials for heart failure, much is known about its pharmacokinetics and safety profile. This should greatly facilitate studies of tolvaptan in patients with polycystic kidney disease, and clinical trials are currently underway. See Wang et al., pages 846–851.


This paper is focused on the part of the project ANR ENDE that concerns the damage and crack characterization by means of NDT. The tests are done in 3 or 4 points bending in order to study the cracks' generation, their propagation, as well as their opening and closing. The main ultrasonic techniques developed concern linear or non-linear acoustic: acoustic emission [SBA 2015], Locadiff [LAR 2015], energy diffusion, surface wave's velocity and attenuation, DAET [3]. The recorded data contribute to providing the mapping of the investigated parameters, either in volume, in surface or globally. Digital image correlation is an important additional asset to validate the coherence of the NDT results. RESUME. Il est necessaire d'utiliser les methodes non-destructives pour une bonne evaluation des structures en beton et notamment les ouvrages sensibles comme les centrales nucleaires. Dans le cadre du projet ANR ENDE, plusieurs developpements ont ete effectues en methodes non destructives. Cet article presente les resultats d'une large campagne experimentale qui a pour objectif de qualifier des methodes END nouvelles pour la detection de l'endommagement diffus et la detection et la caracterisation des fissures (position, longueur, etc.).


. For spiral galaxies, investigations have been made as to the behaviour of density waves at the critical regions of the Lindblad and co-rotation resonances and in particular as to their role in the maintenance and generation of these waves. We shall also discuss the conditions under which an inner resonance ring may be formed. Furthermore, we find that the co-rotation region acts as a wave-amplifier.


The Harris matrix has become popular as a technique for constructing relative chronological sequences in South African rock art. This article reviews these studies and notes a methodological distinction between those conducted in multiple and single-tradition contexts. This critique of the Harris matrix as it has been applied to rock art concludes that it cannot be used to construct sequences of temporal strata of paintings in cases where these strata cannot be independently defined. This conclusion calls into question the reliability of sequences of San rock art that have been constructed using the Harris matrix technique.


PHS mobile database and a call to a method based on the V5 interface, the mobile system database includes a central database and local database; central database of all users of the system to save the number, position information, authentication password, and a third layer V5 address; local storage database information about the user's current access, the distributed control unit is placed in the access network unit; messaging using TCP / IP protocol between the central database and the local database. User signaling connection and voice to interact with a third-layer address of the switch V5 interface. Thus, PHS may be applied to an access network system provided in the V5 interface.


The language barrier could account for the difficulty that learners and teachers find within science education leading to low performance in the science subjects at the secondary school level. The language used by chemistry teachers when presenting science concepts, principles and skills during the process of instruction may attract students to the study of chemistry ( swing towards chemistry) or may discourage them (cause a swing away from chemistry). Thus, the use of language of instruction deserves careful attention. This study was therefore conducted to determine teachers' ability to highlight and explain the meaning of scientific terminology related to chemistry. The primary focus of the study was to establish the relationship between teachers' professional training and experience and their ability to highlight and explicitly explain scientific terms encountered during instruction. The study was also interested in finding out if students grasped a number of selected scientific terms the teachers used during instruction and if there was a difference between boys' and girls' performance in Chemistry in relation to scientific language. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design. The target population from which the sample for the study was drawn comprised all public secondary schools in Kabarnet division of Baringo district, Kenya. A total of twenty seven (27) chemistry teachers, six of whom took part in lesson observation sessions, and two hundred and 12 seventy (270) Form three chemistry students participated in the study. Chemistry Teachers' Questionnaire (CTQ) and Lesson Observation Schedule (LOS) were used to solicit information regarding teachers' professional training and experience and their ability to highlight and explain scientific terms related to chemistry. Students Interview Schedule (SIS) and the Chemistry Achievement Test (CHAT) were used to obtain information on students' understanding of scientific terms encountered during instruction and to determine if there was a significant difference with respect to boys' and girls' performance in chemistry regarding scientific language. Boys' and girls' performance in the CHAT was analyzed using the mean and the t-Test whereas the relationship between teachers' professional training and experience and their ability to highlight and explain scientific terms were analyzed using frequency distribution and chi-square (χ) test. The study revealed that chemistry teachers' professional training and experience has no direct relationship with their ability to highlight and explain scientific terms related to chemistry. Similarly, boys' and girls' performance in chemistry did not differ significantly. Based on the results of this study, the findings raise questions pertaining to the inconsistency between chemistry teachers' professional training and experience and their ability to emphasize scientific terms that label a range of concepts; students' inability to grasp meanings of scientific terms of chemical nature; and whether or not the skill to learn scientific terms is actually developed in the context of content delivery.


The objective of this research is to investigate the electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding characteristics and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites. We fabricated glass and carbon fiber reinforced composites filled with nano carbon black. The measurements of shielding effectiveness(SE) were carried out frequency range 300㎒ ? 1㎓ for commercial purposes such as electric or telecommunication devices. The return loss and loss due to absorption were also measured as a function of frequency in the micro wave(300㎒-1㎓) region. It is observed that the SE of the composites is the frequency dependent, increase with the increases in filler loading. The carbon fiber reinforced composite showed higher SE compared to that of glass fiber reinforced composite. The carbon fiber reinforced composite was shown to exhibit up to 40㏈ of SE. The results indicate that the composite having higher filler loading can be used for the purpose of EMI shielding as well as for some microwave applications.


Water is removed from carbonaceous materials such as coal by treatment with a hydrocarbon at elevated temperatures and a pressure sufficiently high to maintain the system liquid.


Several oxide solid-solution systems are known that show both (a) positive departures from Vegard's law in the plots of lattice parameter against composition for quenched, macroscopically homogeneous samples and (b) depressed immiscibility domes within the T–x field of the solid solutions on the phase diagrams. Experimental results on two systems, Li2TiO3–MgO and Li2TiO3–Na2TiO3, are presented. Both show immiscibility domes and positive departures from Vegard's law. It is proposed that positive departures from Vegard's law in non-metallic solid solutions may indicate the presence of clustering, due to incipient unmixing, within apparently homogeneous, single phase solid solutions. Non-metallic solid solutions appear to behave more simply than alloys and possible reasons for this are discussed.


Take the case of Huzhu County;a transition zone from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Loess Plateau,this paper makes a study on the land use change by GIS and mathematical model.At first analyze the status quo of land use,focusing on analysis of the land use status quo,land use pattern,land use zoning.The class 1 of land use model in each Town of Huzhu County is woodland,grassland,cultivated land and unused lang.And the tendency of the land use types transforms from the northeast to southwest,that is,from woodland to grassland to cultivated land.study area land use zoning is divided into 6 different partition,and pertinently put forward the regional land utilization direction and control measures.Combined with area chart and the specific circumstances of Huzhu county,partition result is reasonable and practical,can be in Huzhu regional land use zoning provides ideas,come to the study's positive significance to socioeconomic development and eco-development of Huzhu County.


Beginning in the late 19th century, the territory of Casale Monferrato (Alessandria, Piedmont) experienced significant changes due to development of industrial activities in cement and lime production. Since the late 1950s, the ongoing closure of the large part of the factories, due to the depletion of natural deposits and simultaneous initiation of production of artificial cements, has led to further modification of the territory. The recognition of the transformational processes which involved these places and the readability of the evidences of the cement culture, which characterize them, require analysis and dissemination of the related graphic and photographic documentation. These accomplishments would assist in the diachronic reading of the landscape and the understanding of the significance and value of much evidence still found in the area, as well as the transmission of the landscape palimpsest for the future.


The integrated marketing communication theory adapts to the changes of the modern marketing circumstances and the market demands.It is of great significance to instruct the marketing practice.The tourism and the tourist market demands have their own characteristics and the law of development.The tourism integrated marketing system includes not only marketing communication,but also more extensive content including at least the integration of public marketing organizations in tourism destinations,tourism supervision sectors,tourism product development,tourism brand and regional tourism marketing.