Antiferroelectric (Pb, La)(Zr, Sn, Ti)O3 (PLZST) single crystals with composition in the vicinity of morphotropic phase boundary have been grown and studied. From electric measurements, Raman study, and observation of domain structures, we found an electric field induced antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition accompanied with fifteen times of strain difference. After this phase transition, the metastable ferroelectric phase (FEin) is preserved with soften of A1(TO1) mode and increase of long-range force. Coexistence of tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) domains has been observed in virgin sample. Electric field induced T to R phase transition is verified by both extinction angle and domain morphology changes. Clamping "polar" structure formed by the embedded R phase would contribute to increase of long-range force. The remarkable strain difference accompany with induced phase transition makes the PLZST single crystal a promising candidate for electric switch and actuator applications.


Bengkulu watershed experiences flooding at least two times a year during the rainy season. The flood is one of the hydrometeorological disasters influenced by the physical and meteorological characteristics of the watershed. The characteristics are the basis for planning and management in the watershed. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the physical characteristics and meteorological characteristics of the Bengkulu watershed, as a basis for planning and managing the watershed, to minimize the incidence and impact of hydrometeorological disasters in the watershed. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method of the physical and meteorological characteristics of the Bengkulu watershed. The physical characteristics of the watershed that were analyzed were morphometry, topography, soil type, and land use in the Bengkulu watershed. While the meteorological characteristics analyzed were rainfall and air temperature in the Bengkulu watershed. The results show that the physical characteristics of the Bengkulu watershed have a low capacity to store water, so that the infiltration is small, but the runoff rate is small and the flow type is moderate. However, runoff tends to increase. This is due to decreasing changes in forest land use, supported by increasing rainfall, and small variations in air temperature.


Permanent magnets vernier (PMV) machine is gaining more and more attention due to its high torque density contributed by multi-orders working harmonics, especially low-pole-pair numbers harmonics. Spoke-array PM machine seems to be a good way to increase the machine working harmonics. But the flux barrier effect is revealed and it explains why the advantages of the spoke-array PMV (SAPMV) machine are not fully used. Thus, its low-pole-pair numbers harmonics could be further enhanced. In this article, a novel structure—claw-pole PMV (CPPMV) machine—is first proposed and its working principle is investigated. Then, the CPPMV machine is compared with the surface-mounted PMV machine, the SAPMV machine, and the SAPMV machine with alternate flux bridges in terms of their electromagnetic performances using equivalent circuit analysis and FEM. The result shows that claw-pole structure can enhance the magnetic flux modulation effects, which increases the machine torque density. At last, a CPPMV machine prototype is manufactured and tested. Experimental results indicate that it reaches a torque density of 30.5 kNm/ $\text{m}^{3}$ and a power factor of 0.84 underrated conditions.


The proper functioning of an organism is the most important goal of the administration. Key factors contributing to the smooth functioning of an organization is communication, collaboration among employees.
The aim of this work is to make a conceptual approach of the term "communication" but also to highlight the importance of communication in the health sector, both between nurses and patients and between nurses and doctors.
In the first chapter bears the meaning of the communication describes the communication process and what is its purpose, what are the characteristic elements of communication and forms.
The second chapter focuses on communication in the health sector. Emerging communication in nurse patient relationship, problems within the relationship between them and ways that lead to effective communication of nurses with patients. Particular reference is made to the relationship of nurses with doctors. Reported some problems in communication between them, pointing out the importance of communication of doctors and nurses some measures can be taken for effective communication.
Results: Effective communication contributes significantly to the reduction of errors in the provision of health care, in patient satisfaction and generally in high-quality care. Mutual professional respect and communication quality ensure good interdisciplinary collaboration. As a result, success in interpersonal and organizational communication determine, to a large extent, the overall success of health services.
Conclusions: the working environment in health is large and many requirements so it is imperative to improve the relationship between health professionals and health professionals with patients both for improving the working environment and to improve the quality of health services .


The present work deals with the impact of the pesticides, Monocrotophos and Quinalphos on the nutrients contents of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) under AM fungus inoculation. The Red Amaranth plants are grown in pots in a split plot design with pesticides levels as main treatments (Recommended level (0.5), Below recommended level (0.1) and Above recommended level (1.5) ppm) and AM fungus as sub treatments (AM- uninoculated and AM+ inoculated). The experiments were replicated seven times. The Red Amaranth plants are raised in pots. The AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) were mixed with the sand and applied to the pot soil (10 kg /acre). The two pesticides Monocrotophos and Quinalphos were sprayed on 5 th day at three different levels. Pots were irrigated as and when necessary. The plant samples were analyzed at three different intervals (10, 20 and 30DAS) .The results indicated that the pesticides ( Monocrotophos and Quinalphos) application, at the three rates (Recommended level, Below recommended level and Above recommended level) caused reduction in various nutrients contents such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when applied without AM fungus inoculation. Application of pesticides (Monocrotophos and Quinalphos) at recommended level 0.5 ppm along with AM fungus inoculation only increased the nutrients contents of the Red Amaranth. © 2011 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved


Context: Bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disrupting chemical, is of widespread use in manufacturing of plastic products. Documenting ill health effects of BPA has led the plastic industrialists to replace BPA by its alleged safer alternative, bisphenol S (BPS). BPS belongs to the same chemical family and shares endocrine disrupting properties with BPA. Aims: We compared the effects of 28-day exposure of BPA and BPS on body weight changes, organ histology, and relative organ weight in rats. In addition, we detected BPA and BPS in the rat's blood serum. Settings and Design: Adult male albino rats were administered BPA (50 mg/kg/day) or BPS (50 mg/kg/day) or equivolume vehicle in different groups by oral gavage for 28 days. Subjects and Methods: The weight of each rat was noted at the commencement of the study and weekly afterward. On 29th day, the animals were sampled for whole blood and then sacrificed. The dissected out wet viscera were weighed and subjected to the standard protocol for histological examination. Serum samples were prepared and analyzed for the detection of BPA and BPS by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired and unpaired Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA test, and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons were used, as required for statistical analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both BPA and BPS produced similar detrimental changes in body weight, histology of stomach, small intestine, lung, and kidney, and relative organ weight of lung and kidney. BPA and BPS detected in the serum of rats were nearly 45 times of the control. Conclusions: Present data suggest caution about the application of BPS as a substitute of BPA.


Geospatial web service composition is a promising means for processing and analyzing geospatial data in distributed computing environments. However, convenient and effective approaches for assisting the invocation of geoprocessing workflows are still missing. Invocation errors frustrate users and eventually impact the popularity and application of geoprocessing workflows due to their complexity, inadequate description, constraints, and prompts for input/output parameters, workflow models, and their components. This article proposes an extension method for easy invocation of geoprocessing workflows to solve these problems. The proposed method facilitates the generation of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) and invocation messages, for human‐computer interaction and client‐workflow interaction respectively, by supplementing verification and constraints for workflow descriptions. Furthermore, by providing descriptive information, constraint mechanisms, and visualization functions, this approach enhances human‐computer interactivity during invocation. An exemplary user case demonstrates the feasibility of the method.


An evaluation index system of the water resource carrying capacity was established on the basis of research of water resouce condition in Shantou area Whereas the uncertainty and illegibility of water resource system,and the existing problems in other evaluation methods,Fuzzy Evaluation Method was used to evaluate the water resource carrying capacity in Shantou area and classify the evaluation grades into 3 levels.As a whole,the result indicated a good condition of the water resource carrying capacity from 2000 to 2009 in Shantou area,most of the years were rated level 1,2004 and 2009 were rated level 2,but worsening trend had appeared gradually in recent years.


The introduction of Real-time Text Display (RTD), in which typists transcribe audio and display it to students in real-time has greatly increased accessibility of lectures for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students as evidenced by their increased graduation rates from post-secondary programs. However, significant but subtle barriers in current static displays of RTD persist, especially in engineering, which makes heavy use of detailed visuals and explanations via sequential steps. Hearing students are able to look at the visuals and simultaneously listen to the spoken explanation and combine the two effortlessly. By contrast, DHH students have to constantly look away from the static image of RTD on a display to search and observe details in the lecture visually. As a result, they spend less time watching lecture visuals and gain less information than their hearing peers. We discuss the implementation and evaluation of an accessible technology system, Real-time Tracking Text Display (RTTD) that addresses the issue of accessibility to information that DHH engineering students face every day in the classroom. The system minimizes the distance between RTD and presenter by tracking the presenter's movement and then displaying the RTD at a fixed distance right above the presenter. An evaluation showed a significant preference in favor of RTTD over static RTD in terms of reducing the distance between the presenter and images. Future enhancements should focus on improving the flow and/or the predictability of the moving RTTD. Challenges Historically, DHH students are an under-represented and under-served minority in higher education because they do not receive adequate information in class. As a result these students are often unprepared for traditional STEM classrooms. Most DHH students cannot understand spoken lectures without the aid of aural-to-visual access. Prior to the introduction of the earliest accessibility laws in 1974, less than 4% of DHH individuals completed college in the 1960s. Although substantial progress has been made in the past 40-50 years in terms of accessibility laws and technology, the disparity in graduation persists: the graduation rate is 16% of DHH as compared to 30% for their hearing peers. Currently there are over 31,000 DHH students enrolled in college and this enrollment number is up 15,000 over the past 10 years. While careers demand highly qualified engineers with various skills, including visual skills, most classrooms are not designed to utilize students' visual skills and are not fully accessible by DHH students, including engineering classrooms. When classrooms maximize the benefits of visual learning, the barriers of traditional pedagogy, such as using spoken English as the primary mode of communication are partially ameliorated. Specifically, DHH students also struggle in solving engineering problems. While a university may provide resources such as sign language interpreters, note takers, real-time text (RTD) services and specialized mentoring faculty, the instructional environment within classrooms may not provide optimized learning environment for DHH students. P ge 26657.3


In our research protein translocation from Agrobacterium
 into yeast and plant cells is studied to obtain fundamental insights in the
 translocation process and in the fate of the translocated proteins in the
 host cells and the potential biotechnological applications of Agrobacterium
 mediated protein translocation were explored. In this thesis we studied the Agrobacterium virulence protein expression,
 translocation and localization via direct visualization and also potential
 biotechnological applications of protein translocation from Agrobacterium
 into the recipient cells.


Weather conditions have an important influence on failure rates of Power Distribution Systems. An event with strong winds gust and a large number atmospheric discharge can increase the outages' quantity in a hard to predictable form and, consequently, impact in the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI). A modelling of such weather impact in failure rate is useful for a better understand of it, allowing utilities to take actions to understatement it or, even, mitigate its consequences in real time. Based on it, this paper analyses the response of Negative Binomial Regression in comparison with the Poisson Regression, using outages data (quantity) from a Brazilian distribution utility and meteorological information as wind gust speed and number of thunders, to estimate the number of expected outages and, consequently, the failure rate per kilometer. The focus is to provide a model that emulates the behaviour of system components and parts during a climatic event of any intensity and has more resilient against the outliers normally presented in this type of data set. The results indicate a significant influence of the wind gust speed, and, based on goodness-of-fit index as Akaike Information Criterion and the analysis of the outliers, the Negative Binomial Regression as the best response. The estimated function can be useful to improve the utilities' response, helping them to improve their contingency plan.


A clutter spectral width correction when using windows is presented. The correction uses the fact that the observed clutter is the convolution between the theoretical clutter power spectrum and the energy spectrum associated to the window used. A Gaussian function is fitted to latter spectrum in order to obtain the window spectrum width and in this way the spectrum width of the observed clutter. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the Gaussian approximation against the theoretical results. A detailed performance evaluation of the ground clutter filter GMAP is done using the proposed correction.


A dynamic and static integrated allocation strategy for scratch pad memory is proposed based on MPSoc.This method statically allocates global variables into SPM using ILP,transforms the set of tasks scheduled to an EDPRG,and the local variables are put using greedy algorithm.Experimental results show the approach can reduce 27% than using pure static method,and about 35% running time than that of system without SPM.


A mesoporous CaO‐loaded In2O3 material (with Ca/In2O3 ratios ranging from 2.5 to 8.5 at %) has been synthesized and used as resistive gas sensor for the detection of CO2. A nanostructured In2O3 matrix has been obtained by hard template route from the SBA‐15 silica template. Additive presence does not distort the lattice of In2O3, which crystallizes in the Ia3 cubic space group. It has been proved by XRD, HRTEM, Raman and XPS measurements that samples contain not only CaO but also CaCO3 in calcite phase as a consequence of CaO carbonation. Pure In2O3 based sensors are low sensitive to CO2, whereas those containing the additive show an important response in the 300–5000 ppm range of gas concentrations. As seen by DRIFTS, the electrical response arises from the interaction between CO32– and CO2, yielding bicarbonates products. The reaction is water‐assisted, so that hydration of the sensing material ensures sensor reliability whilst its dehydration would inhibit sensor response. The use of CaCO3 instead of CaO does not cause significant differences in electrical and DRIFTS data, which corroborates the important role played by carbonate species in the sensing mechanism.


This study proposes a 3D realistic moving picture project for video game content production. It is expected that applying 3D realistic moving picture to background moving picture project and/or content moving picture project in the existing video game contents will eventually increase the reality and pleasure of game. It is also expected that playing stereoscopic games will increase players' commitment to the game and that participating high visual artistic works will decrease their psychological stress, yielding their mental tranquility and pleasure. By understanding principles and file formats of 3D realistic moving picture project, more frequent application of 3D realistic moving picture project will hopefully be made in various fields of games in the future.


Drawing from transaction cost and relational exchange theories, this paper argues that the extent and balance of transaction specific assets, and the presence of relational norms in a buyer-supplie...


Drilling operations in the southeastern states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi increased from 726 wells in 1968 to 786 wells in 1969, an increase of 7.7%. Of the total completions, 418 were exploratory tests which resulted in 38 discoveries. Development drilling during 1969 included 368 completions netting 177 oil wells and 18 gas wells. Deep drilling in the Jurassic trend of Mississippi and Alabama continued to increase, registering a 21% success in exploratory drilling and a 77% success in development drilling. The most significant developments were a Smackover gas-condensate discovery in Holmes County, Mississippi, which extended Jurassic production 36 mi northwest, and a deep H2S-rich gas-condensate discovery in Rankin County, Mississippi. The Eocene Wilcox trend of southwestern Mississippi remained the most active drilling area in the southeastern states with 59.5% of all completions. An increase in geophysical activity was registered in 1969 resulting largely from an increase in seismic work in Alabama and Florida. Exploration is expected to continue at an active pace in the southeastern states in 1970 with the Jurassic and Wilcox trends being the most active. Also, an increase in activity is expected in the Black Warrior basin in 1970 following a major lease play in 1969.


In order to compete with other flat display devices such as Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), Plasma Display Panels (PDPs) require to have high performances like high image quality, low power consumption and high speed driving. In this paper, Fe doped MgO protective layer was introduced for higher performance. Both the surface characteristics of the deposited thin films and the electro-optical properties of 4 inch test panels were investigated. It has been demonstrated experimentally that ac PDP with Fe doped MgO protective layer has lower discharge voltage than that of undoped MgO film, which corresponds to measured secondary electron emission coefficients. The crystallinity and surface roughness of thin films were determined by XRD patterns and AFM images. In addition, ac PDP with Fe doped MgO protective layer has improved address discharge time lag for high speed driving.


This evocative ethnography focuses on the moral culture and practices in a contemporary religious movement, International Churches of Christ (ICOC). In her initial encounters with the movement, Kathleen Jenkins received mutually exclusive stories about a church community that created "awesome families," versus a "dangerous cult." Jenkins observed small groups and large meetings, interviewed current and former members, monitored member and ex-member websites, and analyzed literature produced both by ICOC and by anti-cult organizations. Despite abundant information from such varied sources, however, Jenkins remains acutely aware that what she sees is only part of the story. Because she is a young, married woman with children, she is closest to the other mothers of young children in the movement. She has less access to singles or to men or movement leaders. Her story also reflects her base in a congregation she calls "City Church." We do not get a realist account of the history of the movement written in an authoritative voice. Instead, this is a thoughtful and reflexive account of what one well-trained, intelligent, and careful observer has learned from her particular location. Her approach departs from much of the previous literature on new religions, high boundary religious organizations, and sects and cults. It is more cultural than structural, and it implicitly challenges how we think about the separateness of cults and sects in contemporary society. Much previous literature defines sectarian and cultic groups in terms of the ways they exist in tension with the dominant culture, showing how organizations create high boundaries between members and nonmembers, and form encapsulated communities. Jenkins not only shows us the ways in which ICOC is highly bounded and separate from the dominant culture, but also how ICOC is part of and makes use of various aspects of the dominant culture. Much of the attraction of ICOC and what is perceived by members as distinctive is the promise of "awesome families," including awesome marital relations, parental relations, relations with families of origin, and also with other ICOC members in one's church family. These "awesome relations" are achieved through the practice of "discipling." Members are assigned a more senior adviser who is always available and frequently present in their lives, even at intimate moments, which mentors them through relationship difficulties. In this practice, individuals interact with other group members in hierarchical relationships. While discipling provides support for members in promoting ICOC's project of trying to achieve awesome families, it also underscores current imperfections. Furthermore, the practice creates enormous strain for participants who are always "on-call" to help others. Given that members live and work in the larger society, it is discipling that produces encapsulation. Encapsulation works through the management of time as much as the management of space. Contrary to the idea of a movement existing in tension with the larger society, much of the discourse of ICOC is not distinct from threads available in the dominant culture. One such thread that Jenkins discusses is the extensive use of the therapeutic discourse. Another is the emphasis in the movement on the importance of individual choice. She also shows how ICOC discourse is consistent with the "quest culture" of religious seekership extensively documented by sociologists of religion. In addition, Jenkins portrays the movement's skillful use of mass media forms: she describes ICOC produced music and technologically polished videos, and their effects on ICOC audiences and herself. Rather than a consistent ideology, Jenkins finds ICOC rife with contradiction, although that too, as she notes (p. 49), can be seen as a condition of modern life. In her careful analysis of gender ideology, she finds no consistent gender analysis within the movement. She observes that despite promotion of conservative gender roles, the movement was not conservative in a consistent way. Women employed "biblical feminism" and Jenkins reports a discourse of "muscular sisters" where women are celebrated for their


In idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), the change in muscle echogenicity and its histopathological basis are not well understood. We quantitatively measured muscle echogenicity in patients with IIMs and evaluated its correlation with disease activity and histopathological findings.


One approach to reduce the inherent complexity of planning is problem decomposition. This paper introduces a new decomposition technique in STRIPS domains which is based on the idea of landmark. Landmarks are ordered and grouped in different sequential sets named intermediate goals (IG), being each IG a sub-goal to solve. Then, we build the initial state (IS) corresponding to each IG, such that each pair (IS, IG) is viewed as an independent problem. This way a multiprocessor system can be used to solve these problems concurrently.


This paper addresses the transmission of exchange-rate variations in an estimated, small open-economy model. In contrast to the standard set-up of New Open Economy Macroeconomics models, imported goods are treated here as material inputs to production. The resulting model structure is transparent and tractable while also able to account for imperfect pass through of exchange-rate shocks. The model is estimated with Bayesian methods on German data and the key finding is that a substantial depreciation of the nominal exchange rate leads to only modest effects on CPI-inflation. An extended version of the model reveals that relatively small weight is placed on foreign consumption.


NacLogAnalizer is a system designed to manage the log files that throws the NAC (Network Access Control)agent in Banco Agrario de Colombia, allowing different areas, different from technology, to search for vulnerabilities.
This project seeks to develop software for the management of log files that throws an agent NAC (Network Access Control) in the Agrarian Bank of Colombia, this idea stems from the need for access to corporate networks today are companies with its offices, branches and business centers scattered in different geographic locations, has intensified the use of multimedia applications that require the network to ensure safety and confidentiality for the data traffic they exchange.

 This is why the Agrarian Bank of Colombia has decided to strengthen the security of network access to the implementation of NAC (Network Access Control) will enable the bank to protect your information secure and unified access for users to networks and turn enables companies to generate comprehensive security policies to ensure that all computers accessing the network comply with the rules of a strong and secure authentication.


The present invention is a device for delivering one or more heat waveforms vestibular system and / or nervous system of the patient, to provide a system and method. In some embodiments, the present invention produces a prescription for delivering one or more heat wave, and provides a vestibular stimulation device configured to deliver the prescribed heat wave. .FIELD 1


Herein, Ryazanian (Berriasian) macrofossils from three well cores in the Central Graben (wells B18-02, L06-02, The Netherlands) and on the Jæren High (well 7/7-2, Norway) in the southern North Sea region are described. Macrofossils are mainly represented by buchiid bivalves (Buchia volgensis) and ammonites (Surites, Lynnia and Praetollia?). The genus Lynnia is recorded for the first time outside its topotypical area, and its systematic position and stratigraphic ranges are discussed. Additionally, the studied core sections yielded coleoid remains and a single limid bivalve. Based on the stratigraphic ranges of key ammonite genera (Lynnia, Surites and Bojarkia), the zonation of the Ryazanian stage is reconsidered. Uppermost Volgian to Ryazanian ammonite faunas are quite consistent and diverse but showing a higher degree of similarity throughout the Panboreal Superrealm as compared to those from rest of the Upper Volgian and the Middle Volgian. Buchia volgensis is the only species known from the southern North Sea and East Anglia, which is in strong contrast to the high diversity of Buchia in East Greenland and the remainder of the Boreal Realm. We hypothesise that such differences in the distribution of ammonites and bivalves in general, and the absence of buchiid species other than Buchia volgensis south of East Greenland in particular, are the result of anoxic bottom water conditions in the southern Viking Strait. The unusually wide geographic range of B. volgensis, which is known from such distant areas as Mexico and the Crimea, suggests a potential higher tolerance of this species to adverse conditions.


Four experiments examined the effects of context change (Experiments 1–3) and context extinction (Experiment 4) on long-term habituation of the skin conductance response. In all experiments, subjects received 15 presentations of a target stimulus in each of two sessions. In Experiment 1 (N=60) there was a 15-min interval between training and test sessions. This interval was extended to 24 hours in Experiments 2 (N=60) and 3 (N=60). The experimental treatment in each of these studies involved a change in context between the two training sessions. None of the experiments provided evidence of context dependency in measures of long-term habituation. In Experiment 4 (N=60) experimental subjects received a period of context extinction during which they remained in the laboratory environment between two series of habituation trials. Again, however, there was no evidence that long-term habituation was contextually mediated. Thus, the results fail uniformly to support theories that argue that long-term habituation is context-dependent.


This paper presented a feasible quantitative method to evaluate carbon emissions of the remanufacturing process of a used vehicle CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) gearbox. The carbon emission evaluation method is proposed, which is combined with the Hierarchical Relevance Analysis (HRA) theory and the Emission Factor Approach (EFA). In this research, the characteristics of the carbon emissions of remanufacturing process for a used vehicle CVT gearbox are analyzed, various carbon sources on the remanufacturing system are classified and analyzed to define the boundaries of the remanufacturing system, and the correlation matrices among the hierarchical essential factors of carbon emissions are established. Then it combined with EFA to calculate the carbon emissions of each carbon source for the used vehicle CVT remanufacturing process. Finally, the proposed method is experimentally verified by using laser repairing of a used CVT wheel, and the feasibility of new quantitative evaluation method for carbon emissions on the remanufacturing processes is presented. The results show that the carbon emissions of the equipment/device are main contributors of the total carbon emissions of the remanufacturing system. Furthermore, scanning speed of the laser has a significant influence on the carbon emissions of the device and overall carbon emissions of the remanufacturing system.


Question: Associations of body size and of body temperature with fitness have complex relationships for ectotherms, but three general patterns are known. Bigger is better: Larger body size is frequently associated with greater fitness within populations. Hotter is smaller: Smaller adult body sizes typically result from development at higher temperatures. Hotter is better: Greater maximal performance at the optimal temperature is frequently associated with higher optimal temperatures. How do we – or even can we – reconcile these three apparently conflicting empirical patterns about temperature, size, and fitness of ectotherms? Methods: We summarize available evidence supporting or contradicting these three rules. We present a conceptual framework that describes how developmental and adult body temperatures affect causal connections among size, performance, and key components of fitness. Findings: There is strong empirical support for Bigger is better and Hotter is smaller (≥ 79% of studies/estimates), primarily for terrestrial insects, reptiles, and annual plants. Evidence regarding Hotter is better is still limited (and primarily from terrestrial insects), but most available information supports the rule. Analyses of counterexamples are particularly instructive. The rules operate at different levels. Bigger is better describes phenotypic variation within populations. Hotter is smaller describes phenotypic plasticity of a genotype. Hotter is better describes evolved variation in reaction norms among genotypes or between species. Conclusions: We unify these three rules into a path diagram that describes how temperature impacts critical rate processes throughout the life cycle. Adult body size and development time are key traits that are not only consequences of temperature-dependent processes, but also are causes of variation in fitness. An unresolved issue involves how to determine the appropriate fitness metric for a particular ecological context (population and environment). For example, the intrinsic rate of population increase (r) is strongly influenced by generation time (and development time), whereas net reproductive rate (R0) is strongly influenced by fecundity (and size). Because the relative strengths of different paths contributing to fitness change differ for these fitness metrics, the choice of metric can affect whether Hotter is better is 'better' than Bigger is better.


A new trend in real estate business lately is consideration of energy efficiency as a marketable feature of buildings. The issue is a new research domain, which includes development of new valuation methodologies to quantify the energy efficiency. This paper proposes original methodologies to calculate the added value of buildings, generated by its energy performance. The methods are based on data extracted from the Energy Performance Certificate. The first method presented in this paper is useful in the income approach, while the second one is useful in the sales comparison approach. Examples of calculation are presented for each new method.


A new class of Mn‐containing zeolites prepared by incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) have been found to catalyze the ethane dehydrogenation reaction with high selectivity (98 %+). Preparation by IWI leads to the formation of Mn2O3 nanoparticles on the external surface of the zeolite crystals and herein is shown that the primary active sites for the reaction are located on the surface of these particles. Propane dehydrogenation is also successfully catalyzed by this catalyst. Other Mn‐zeolites (MFI and BEA) also have high reactivity and selectivity towards light alkane dehydrogenation.


The photocatalytic degradation of s-triazine herbicides (atrazine, simazine, trietazine, prometon, and prometryn) has been investigated by using particulate TiO 2 as photocatalyst under simulated solar light. The herbicides are rapidly degraded. Several intermediates have been identified, and cyanuric acid has been recognized as the final product of the degradation process for all the investigated herbicides. A proposal mechanism of the process is presented


Butterworth, London, 1970. Pp. 61, 60p. This paper-back is but one of a series covering a wide range of laboratory techniques. The author of this particular laboratory aid has attempted to bring together those routine urinary steroid methods which still persist as the backbone of most endocrine laboratories. It is such a pity, after careful presentation of each step in these well-tried techniques, that no new information emerges. The classical methods for 17 OHCS, 17 oxostcroids, pregnanetriol, pregnanediol and the oestrogens are all there. One useful feature is the quoted normal ranges for each of the urinary steroid metabolites. There is but one T-L-C technique described for the specific measurement of a steroid metabolite (aetiocholanolone). This is disappointing in view of the need for more methods, especially rapid techniques, for the isolation of individual steroid hormones. The diagrams of the metabolic pathways are clear, but it is to be hoped that a printer's error in Fig. 9 (Metabolic Pathway for Pregnanetriol) is corrected before the next edition. B. T. Rudd


Wireless mobile networks are widely used during large catastrophes such as earthquakes and floods where robust networking systems are indispensable to protect human lives. The objective of this paper is to present a self-adaptive emergency call protocol that allows keeping potential victims connected to the core network through the available functional stations, called gNBs in 5G, when a fraction of gNBs in a network area are fully destructed with no access to other gNBs or the core network due to the disaster. Nowadays, the density of mobile devices and progress in outband device to device (D2D) communication provide the framework for the extension of both mobile and network coverage. We propose a novel, 3GPP compatible and completely distributed protocol called M-HELP for emergency call service for 4G/5G enabled mobile networks. We assess M-HELP efficiency under various scenarios representing different degrees of network destruction and different emergency call conditions. The tests demonstrate the significant performance of M-HELP in terms of transmission success rate, energy management, latency and control traffic load.


The study was conducted to measure the growth, yield, biomass and heavy metal accumulation in red spinach (Amaranthus dubius) irrigated with treated and untreated industrial effluents, and groundwater. A total of twelve experimental plots, with three treatments (treated, untreated industrial effluents and groundwater) and four replications, were prepared inside the Jananeta Abdul Mannan Hall of Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University campus, where red spinach was cultivated and irrigated with 2.5 liter treated, untreated industrial effluents and groundwater in each plot. The content of Zn as 193.28, 182.83, 136.55 and 210.07 ppm, Cd as 0.77, 0.87, 0.93 and 1.03 ppm, Cu as 47.32, 48.93, 57.29 and 73.58 ppm, were recorded in initial soil, soil irrigated with groundwater, treated and untreated industrial effluents, respectively. The content of Zn as 0.00, 0.00 and 0.07 ppm, Cd as 0.004, 0.006 and 0.011 ppm, and Cu as 0.00, 0.02 and 0.68 ppm, were recorded in groundwater, treated and untreated industrial effluent, respectively. The content of Zn as 61.64, 65.30 and 67.67 ppm, Cd as 0.33, 0.52 and 0.57 ppm, Cu as 5.73, 7.79 and 7.95 ppm, were investigated from red spinach plant irrigated with groundwater, treated and untreated industrial effluent, respectively. The levels of cadmium in the red spinach were much higher than that of WHO/ FAO recommended level.


Infrared pump–probe characterization of the excited state lifetimes reveals that CO bound to isolated metal sites (T1=140±20 ps) persists longer than the signal observed for CO bound to ≈35 A diameter metal particles (≤18 ps), suggesting paticipation of electron–hole excitations in the larger metal particles.


This article begins by reviewing existing judgments on the Left Social Revolutionaries, in particular the view that they were 'fellow travellers' of the Bolsheviks. After providing a brief account of the fate of the Left Social Revolutionaries after 1917 it focuses primarily on their critique of Bolshevik practice between 1918 and 1921, an area hitherto little explored in Western historiography. It proceeds to evaluate critically their own proposals for the construction of socialism in Soviet Russia. Whilst suggesting that these proposals were flawed it concludes by emphasising that they should not be regarded as Bolshevik fellow travellers'.


Background Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is a multipotential cytokine with angiogenic activity. There are only limited data about its role in airway remodeling in COPD. We have previously shown that the reticular basement membrane (Rbm) is hypervascular in the airways of current smokers either with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study evaluated TGF-β1 immunostaining in the Rbm and its relationship to vascularity in smokers with or without COPD. Methodology/Principal Findings Bronchial biopsies from 15 smokers with normal lung function, 19 current and 14 ex-smokers with COPD were immunostained for TGF-β1 antibody and compared to 17 healthy controls. The percentage area of tissue and also number and area of vessels staining positively for TGF-β1 were measured and compared between groups. Some bronchial biopsies from current smoking COPD subjects were also stained for phosphorylated (active) Smad2/3. Epithelial TGF- β1 staining was not different between COPD current smokers and normal controls. TGF-β1 stained vessels in the Rbm were increased in smokers with normal lung function, current smoking COPD and ex-smokers with COPD compared to controls [median (range) for number of vessels/mm Rbm 2.5 (0.0–12.7), 3.4 (0.0–8.1) and 1.0 (0.0–6.3) vs. 0.0 (0.0–7.0), p<0.05]. Percentage of vessels stained was also increased in these clinical groups. Preliminary data suggest that in current smoking COPD subjects endothelial cells and cells in the Rbm stain positively for phosphorylated Smad2/3 suggesting TGF-β1 is functionally active in this situation. Conclusions/Significance Vessel-associated TGF-β1 activity is increased in the bronchial Rbm in smokers and especially those with COPD.


This article presents the development of a cost-effective and efficient electronic module for silicon pho-todetectors (SiPM). The electronic module combines essential functionalities, such as a high voltage power supply, a preamplifier, and a signal comparator, into a compact circuit. A high voltage power supply with a range of 30 to 140 V provides a stable bias voltage with 0.01 V accuracy, while a pream-plifier with 40 gain and 250 MHz bandwidth enables signal amplification necessary to extract weak signals. The comparator converts an analogue signal (higher than 8 mV) into TTL (transistor-transistor logic), which makes it easy to process and analyze with digital devices such as microcontrollers or make it possible to send signals over long distances by a cable. The module has been tested using an LYSO scintillator and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) called a micropixel avalanche photodiode (MAPD). It provides a more effective and efficient solution for reading out signals from SiPMs in a variety of applications, delivering reliable and accurate results in real-time


The article presents the understanding of the transcendence of the person in Wojtyła's philosophy. The text discusses in turn: the role of the experience of the person; the concept of transcendence in relation to other concepts used by Wojtyła; the reference to the truth as the basis of personal transcendence; the integration of the person; the transcendence in the personal existence. The analyses conducted in the article show that transcendence of the person in the proper sense reveals the spiritual dimension of his existence as being superior to the material dimension. The presented text draws attention to the richness of threads showing the transcendence of the person in action on the basis of an analysis of lived experience. This approach not only illuminates or presents from another side the traditional concept of transcendence, based on the essential distinction between person and nature, but also adds new and revealing aspects to it. The person as an autonomous subjectivity not only freely determines himself/herself, but moreover transcends humanity as a general human nature – in virtue of an individual, unique personal existence. As a crowning achievement of the concept of the transcendence of the person, the metaphysical aspect of anthropology, which is strongly present in Wojtyła's thought, is proposed here, which is somewhat new in the treatment of the topic of transcendence. According to this approach, transcendence experienced in action reveals its deeper level: transcendence in existence, which reveals the deepest foundation of being a person.


The existence of nonsymmetric generalized half-band lowpass and highpass FIR filters with maximally flat magnitude and group delay characteristics is proved. Like their linear-phase counterparts, approximately half of the impulse response coefficients of these generalized half-band filters are exactly zero. The magnitude response of the filters is not a monotone function in general. However, the filters can be designed to yield improved magnitude response characteristics compared to the linear-phase maximally flat filters. A closed-form formula for the transfer function of the filters is also derived using Bernstein polynomials. The filters may find applications in multirate and wavelet signal processing.


The utility model provides a family nursing mattress for paralysis patients, comprising a mattress, and a sit-up lifting device; wherein, the mattress comprises a frame (1) and a mattress body in the frame. The mattress body comprises a left mattress body (2), a right mattress body (3) on the upper part, and an thigh support board (4) and a shin support board (5) on the lower part. The left mattress body (2) is hinged with the right mattress body (3), while the thigh support board (4) on the lower part is hinged with the shin support board (5). A slide way (6) is arranged under the shin support board at the bottom of the frame, and the lower part of the shin support board moves on the slide way (6). Two prong hooks (2.1, 3.1) arranged on the lower end of the left mattress body (2) and the right mattress body (3) are connected with a cross rod (1.1) in the middle of the frame, and the thigh support board (4) on the lower part is connected with the cross rod (1.1). The sit-up lifting device (A) is arranged between the upper part of the frame and the mattress, and a turning over lifting device (B) is arranged between the two sides of the frame (1) and the left mattress body and the right mattress body. A leg bending lifting device is arranged on the hinged part of the thigh support board (4) and the shin support board (5).


The article analyzes the formation and development of the technical regulation system on theexample of the European Union. The historical stages of construction and formation of the systemof technical regulation in Europe are considered. The impact of the technical regulation system onthe development and creation of the EU internal market is determined separately. Four stages ofconstruction of a modern system of technical regulation in the EU are singled out.To date, the most effective model of the system of technical regulation in the framework ofinternational cooperation is considered to be the European one. It is designed to provide a singleassessment of the conformity of goods, processes and services in the context of interaction not onlyin the EU internal market but also in the markets of other countries.Cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of technical regulation aims atapproximating legal framework of Ukraine in the field of technical regulation to the EU and WTOrequirements, including the transition from mandatory certification to conformity assessment,adoption of technical regulations in line with EU New Approach Directives, revision and replacementof old standards (GOST) and introduction of ISO (International Organization for Standardization) andEuropean standards, launching a market surveillance system, updating and modernizing materialbase, reforming and strengthening institutional base of quality assurance, etc.A tangible result of this cooperation should soon be seen in signing the Agreement onConformity Assessment and Mutual Acceptance of Industrial Products (ACAA Agreement) betweenEU and Ukraine in key sectors of production.


This work deals with the modeling of the mechanical and kinematic state of a ball bearing using Discrete Elements Method (DEM). An electromechanical coupling is introduced to extract an electrical and measurable response of a bearing in operation, for monitoring and diagnostic purposes. Recent research activities at the LTI have helped us to measure, to understand and to simulate the electrical response of static multi-contact systems. In this work, we have been interested in both multi-scale and multi-physics modeling of ball bearings in dynamics where mechanical and electrical effects, induced by the lubricated contact are studied Mots clefs : MED, Contact lubrifié, couplage électromécanique, roulement, monitoring, usine du futur, jumeau numérique 23 Congrès Français de Mécanique Lille, 28 au 1 Septembre 2017


The paper delineates Hegel's conceptualisation of the State and public opinion as presented mainly in his Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Hegel thinks the State by relying on the relation of the ethical substance and subject, more specifically, by conceptualizing it as an independent self-conscious place of the universal that, in modernity, essentially proceeds in the realm of knowledge and integrates the right of the subjective particularity. The latter gains its direct political expression in public opinion, which, for Hegel, is consequently a constitutive element of legislative power. But since public opinion is intrinsically particular and arbitrary, the fundamental problem of the actual modern state is, it is argued, how to institute a system of mediation that would, perhaps using the concept of universal work, allow the principle of the civil society to be transcended and public opinion to be transformed into public knowledge.


A. Kujawinska, M. Rogalewicz, M. Pilacinska, A. Hamrol, M. Diering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management, Poznan University of Technology, Poland A. Kochanski, Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland The main subject of the paper is a problem of capability assessment of a production process for manufacturing products fulfilling certain requirements. The paper presents theoretical assumptions of the DRSA method for classification of a process state based on so-called process state measures (e.g. process parameters, diagnostic signals, events). In the paper, results of application of the proposed methodology for assessment of capability of the nodular cast iron casting process are presented.


Internet traffic classification has always been an important part of network measurement and control.We first analyzed some typical methods of traffic classification,which separately based on default port numbers,application signatures and transport layer characteristics.Then we showed the advantages and disadvantages of each method through the comparison of their veracity,integrality,the peculiarity of real-time and expansibility.Finally,we presented a practical traffic classification scheme and gave some suggestions for the development of this field.


The continuous concrete carbonization measuring instrument features that there are clamp plate on one side of the carbonizing chamber and with inner hole communicated to the inner cavity of the carbonizing chamber, test sample clamp connected to the clamp plate, carbonizing chamber inflating hole and exhausting hole. The measuring process includes the steps of: preparing test sample, fastening the test sample between the clamp plastes, inflating CO2 gas to the carbonizing chamber, monitoring the density of CO2 gas, and testing whether the test sample has been carbonized. The instrument is simple in structure, small, light and easy to operate and can be used to measure several test samples in different thickness continuously and simultaneously; and the measurement process is simple and practical.


The consequent-pole permanent magnet(CPPM) machine is a special-structured hybrid excitation synchronous machine(HESM).Its necessary conditions of the theoretical maximum torque output are derived in this paper considering voltage and current constraints over the whole speed range.Furthermore,based on the special structure and parameter characteristics of the CPPM machine,a flux weakening control algorithm for CPPM machine is designed for maximum torque output within a wide speed range.Experiment results of a CPPM machine prototype show that the presented algorithm is robust to parameter variations and can achieve high response in the entire flux weakening speed region.


Background: Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of gynecological morbidity in women
of reproductive age and it was found to have significant effect on day-to-day activities. Present
study aimed to assess prevalence of dysmenorrea and its effect on Student's Quality of Life
at Faculty of Nursing Beni-Sueff University. Subjects and Methods: This study was
exploratory descriptive, A convenient sample was selected from 516female students at faculty
of Nursing Beni-suef University Data collection tools:1) Socio-demographic Questionnaire
2) verbal multidimensional scoring system 3) Pediatric quality of life Generic Core Scales.
The results of the study revealed that the majority of the studied students suffered from
dysmenorrheal in different grads, most of them experienced grade 1, more than one third
experienced grade 2 and eighty percent of them experienced grade 3. Forty had moderate level
of quality of life in physical health while more than one third experienced low level in
psychological health, less than half experienced low level in social health and more than half
experienced low level in academic performance and there was highly statistical significant
correlation between dysmenorrheal and quality of life. The study concluded that the majority
of the studied students suffered from dysmenorrheal & it had negative effect on quality of life,
leading to absenteeism, reduced physical activity, loss of concentration, and poor social
relationship. So study recommended to conduct better quality population-based longitudinal
studies on the natural history of dysmenorrhea and on the effect of its risk factors across the
reproductive life course.


Parameter estimation for reactive transport models (RTMs) is important in improving their predictive capacity for accurately simulating subsurface hydrogeochemical processes. This paper introduces a deep learning approach called the tandem neural network architecture (TNNA), which consists of a forward network and a reverse network to estimate input parameters for RTMs. The TNNA approach has a limitation in that the approximation error from the forward network often results in biased inversion results. To solve this problem, we proposed to enhance TNNA using an adaptive updating strategy (AUS), which locally reduces the approximation error of the forward network. The developed framework updates the forward network by iteratively using local sampling and transfer learning. The TNNA‐AUS was verified by a cation exchange example. The results show that TNNA‐AUS successfully reduces the inversion bias and improves the computational efficiency and inversion accuracy, compared with the global improvement strategy of adding training samples according to the prior distribution of model parameters. After verification, the TNNA‐AUS was applied to a real‐world and well‐documented RTM problem of the Aquia aquifer, Maryland, USA. The inversion results demonstrate that the developed TNNA‐AUS algorithm is an excellent tool for us to understand the complex subsurface hydrogeochemical processes and estimate the associated reaction parameters.


The propagation characteristics of longitudinal modes are described by the Pochhammer frequency equation, in the case of elastic cylinders, and the Rayleigh‐Lamb frequency equation, in the case of elastic plates. The longitudinal modes in both geometries are closely analogous. In both cases, the second branch of the mode spectrum determined by the roots of the applicable frequency equation shows a region in which phase and group velocities have opposite signs. Wavemotions having phase and group velocities of opposite sign occur in certain guided, electromagnetic wavemotions and are often referred to as backward wavemotions. This paper reports experimental observations of stress pulses traveling in backward, elastic wavemotions in cylinders and plates. Also included in the paper is a detailed description of how the distribution of the energy‐flux density changes as the wavemotion corresponding to the second branch of roots goes from the region of forward wavemotion to the region of backward wavemotion.


While Priapus, the speaker of Horace, lIgSat.l/Ig 1.8, is clearly not the poet in propria persona , there are parallels between the figwood god and the dramatic figure of 'Horace' as he appears in the Satires . Both Priapus and satirist are in the service of Maecenas, and both overcome difficulties by default rather than through aggressive behaviour.
While Priapus was supposed to punish trespassers by means of rape, Horace's Priapus accidentally farts instead, driving away the two unwelcome witches. Priapus uses a device that is the opposite of his traditional mode of attack; likewise the Horatian satirist shies away from direct invective of individuals, but still provokes laughter. Priapus' timely fart provides an indirect Callimachean lite-rary statement in that he uses the 'blunt end' of his weapon to bring the satire to a quick close, just as Horace advises using the other side of the lIgstilusl/Ig in the stringent editing essential to
good composition.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the phonological characteristics of glottal stop on the patients with speech disorders following cleft palate surgery or pharyngoplasty, and to determine the effects of a new method of speech training for glottal stop in chinese.

METHODS
Using the methods of listening judge and sound spectrograph in acoustic analyses to investigate the category and frequency of glottal stop on consonants in Chinese. A new method of speech therapy was used for 12 patients with glottal stop.

RESULTS
The frequency of glottal stop on the unaspirating affricates and unaspirating plosives were the highest in Chinese consonants. Secondly, the aspirating affricates and aspirating plosives, and then, the fricatives, but the nasal consonants were not effected by glottal stop completely. The score of articulations of the 12 patients whom trained through the methods increased from 32% to 85.5%.

CONCLUSIONS
The glottal stop is one of the main causes to impair the articulations of consonants and speech. The new methods of speech training for glottal stp are effective.


PURPOSE: A system and a method for protecting web based digital contents using realtime encryption/decryption are provided to prevent illegal usage and infringement of intellectual property rights of static web based digital contents and dynamically generated digital contents. CONSTITUTION: A web page is transmitted from a web server(10) to a web client(20). A web based digital contents protect system analyses a header of transmitted web page. And the system decides web pages to protect. An HTTP header analyzing part(121) analyzes the header according to the size of the web page script. An HTML analyzing part(122) picks out the HTML sources to protect. An encryption part(123) encrypts HTML sources. A script addition part(124) adds encrypted script.


In the space environment, instruments onboard of spacecrafts can be affected by displacement damage due to radiation. The differential scattering cross section for screened nucleus--nucleus interactions - i.e., including the effects due to screened Coulomb nuclear fields -, nuclear stopping powers and non-ionization energy losses are treated from about 50 keV/nucleon up to relativistic energies.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal fumigant combined with microwave radiation in treating perianal edema after the operation of mixed hemorrhoids.Methods Ninety-seven patients who have received mixed hemorrhoids were randomly divided into the observation group(51 cases) and the control group(46 cases).The observation group was treated by Chinese herbal fumigant combined with microwave radiation while the control group by Chinese herbal fumigant.Results The total effective rate in observation group(94.1%) was markedly higher than in control group(76.1%).Conclusion Combination of Chinese herbal fumigant with microwave radiation has better effect than single Chinese herbal fumigant in treating perianal edema after the operation of mixed hemorrhoids.


[First paragraph] We have been hearing more and more about BPA in the last few years, but what is BPA? Well, BPA is the acronym for Bisphenal A, which is a water-insoluble organic compound discovered in the late 19th Century. In the 1930s concerns were being raised regarding the estrogen-like activity of BPA and by the late 1990s BPA in vivo testing indicated toxic effects at doses, which were previously though were "safe"(Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Dec;119(12):1788-93 & Endocrine Rev 2009;30:75-95). But, why is it after over a hundred years of use we are coming to terms with the realisation that BPA is not good for us, and does in fact contribute to anatomical and physiological dysfunction, ill health, major diseases, or worse, an early grave?


In recent years,polysaccharide play major roles within the clinical treatment and have the advantage with low adverse.The goal is that summarize the development of polysaccharide immune research in the text,which provided the reference for the study of polysaccharides.


Abstract A taxonomic survey is presented for Leucophysalis. The genus is of interest because L. grandiflora has the northernmost distribution of any Solanaceae in North America and because of its possible link to certain Asian species of the family. A key to species, synonymy, and a discussion of generic relationships is included.


Authors have used cryo-electron microscopy to examine the influence of temperature on the morphology of phospholipid vesicles. This technique involves plunging a thin film of an aqueous suspension into a liquid cryogen which is cooled to its melting point by liquid nitrogen. For initial studies, they chose the synthetic phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidycholine (DMPC, T=297K, T*=302K) to study the thermotropic phase transitions. To investigate the influence of temperature on the morphology of DMPC vesicles, high resolution images were taken at different temperatures, at constant defocus.


Survival to term following embryo transfer is usually low after cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of the zona pellucida (presence or absence) and the cell nucleus transfer method (cell fusion or cell injection) on the in vitro survival and pregnancy outcome of Day-1 goat cloned embryos transferred into the oviduct of recipient females. In vitro-matured goat oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries were polar body selected, with a group of oocytes subjected to enzymatic zona pellucida removal. Zona-free (ZF) and zona-intact (ZI) oocytes were enucleated by micromanipulation procedures (Oback and Wells 2003 Cloning Stem Cells 5, 3–12; Keefer et al. 2000 Biol. Reprod. 66, 199–203). Somatic nucleus donor cells from 3 transgenic females for mammary gland expressing human lysozyme (Maga et al. 2003 Trans. Res. 12, 485–496) were either fused (CF) with enucleated ZI and ZF oocytes or injected (CI) into enucleated ZI oocytes, with the assessment of fusion or injection survival rates performed after 60 min. Two direct-current (DC) pulses were used to induce fusion in the ZI group (2 kV cm–1 each for 10 µs) and in the ZF group (1.0 kV cm–1 for 20 µs). Embryo reconstruction using ZI oocytes was done by micromanipulation. Zona-free (CF) or ZI (CF or CI) reconstructed cloned embryos were chemically activated in ionomycin/DMAP, followed by in vitro culture for 12 h prior to the surgical embryo transfer into the oviducts of synchronous female recipients (Day 1). Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out on Day 30 of gestation by ultrasonography. Survival after cell fusion, cell injection, and embryo transfer were compared by the χ2 test, for P  110 days). In conclusion, the cell injection method promoted higher survival and, consequently, better efficiency than cell fusion for the reconstruction of goat cloned embryos. However, the zona removal did not affect subsequent in vivo embryo development, as the transfer of zona-free embryos into the oviducts of synchronous recipients resulted in similar pregnancy rates than with zona-intact embryos. Table 1.In vitro survival and pregnancy outcome of goat cloned embryos after embryo reconstruction and transfer to female recipients on Day-1 of development


FIELD: microbiology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new bacterial strains for biological struggle against microorganisms causing rot after harvest gathering, in part, by antagonism to fungi growth. Invention proposes new strains of bacterium species: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia plymuthica, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus polymyxa that are effective to suppress microorganism growth - fungi Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola that cause disease after harvest gathering. Also, invention proposes antibiotics produced by species Bac II. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of biological agents.


The electrolytic cell method and its application for
Gibbs energy measurement in high temperature, concentrated ionic
melts was investigated. Previous challenges related primarily to
signal interpretation during decomposition voltage measurement have
hindered determination of Gibbs energy. An electrolytic cell method
is proposed herein utilizing the sensitivity of large amplitude
alternating current voltammetry, which enabled precise measurement
of chemical potential during electrolytic decomposition. A novel,
containerless approach for electrochemical study of high
temperature, reactive electrolytes in a molten pendant droplet is
described. For the first time, melts of pure alumina, lanthana and
yttria were electrolytically decomposed to metal alloy and oxygen
gas using iridium electrodes. The method was validated in molten
alumina. Systematic investigation of the half-cell reactions
corresponding to oxygen evolution and aluminum deposition revealed
their electrochemical nature. Measurements of the chemical
potential and partial molar entropy of aluminum in an iridium-rich,
binary alloy liquid were obtained in close agreement with previous
predictions. The method was extended to the pseudo-binary system
molten lanthana-yttria. The results revealed selective extraction
of lanthanum and indicated that molten lanthana-yttria does not
exhibit ideal mixing behavior, contradicting previous predictions.
However, data interpretation in multicomponent electrolyte
compositions were challenged primarily by a lack of thermodynamic
data for the attendant alloy system and influence of dissolved
oxygen on the observed alloy composition. This work represents a
pioneering effort for electrochemical operation in molten
refractory oxides at temperatures above 2000 K.


Carl O. Sauer's geographic research emphasised how a certain cultural group could transform a physical landscape into a cultural landscape. He and his students (The Berkeley School ) had a tendency to explore mainly historical topics of non-western culture or rural areas in the USA. However, since t...


The 1995 Kobe and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes realized to us the importance of grasping damage distribution at an early stage for recovery activities and restoration planning. Satellite remote sensing using SAR is one of the most promising technologies for this objective. In this paper, we investigated the scattering characteristics of microwaves for the areas hit by the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake, using satellite SAR images. From the difference in backscattered intensity and coherence from an interferometric analysis of SAR images taken at different acquisitions, we found that the backscattering in heavily damaged areas showed significant change, compared with that in minor damage areas. The relationship between building damage and difference of pre- and post-event SAR images was found to relate to the damage level. This trend in the hard-hit areas was due to the fact that the backscattered intensity and the intensity correlation of two images became low. The degree of coherence was found to be a good index to distinguish slight to moderate damage levels. Microwave reflection is considered to decrease in hard-hit areas due to the reduction of the cardinal effect. The decorrelation of phase can also occur due to the existence of collapsed buildings. Thus, the images obtained by satellite SAR may be a powerful tool for post-disaster damage assessment.


Traumatic injuries of the upper limb quite frequently cause acromioclavicular lesions including acromioclavicular disjunction (ACD). In our context, its management is problematic regarding the indications of surgical treatment on one hand and the choice of the surgical technique on the other hand. Among the many techniques available, that of Weaver-Dunn is one of the most popular for its simplicity of realization and its efficiency. In this respect it seems the most appropriate because of the socio-economic conditions of the population because it does not require a double intervention in this case the removal of osteosynthesis equipment. In this series, we report 3 cases of at least stage 3 DACs, all treated with this technique with good functional results.


This research based on the rampant of news about children tragedy in mass media. Children are exploited and reported in news excessively, and the news ignore children's right to be protected from publicity. Online media is one of the public choice that reprimanded by press council in reporting AQJ accident, because a lot of media showed the face and wrote his identity clearly and didn't place him as vict im of the system This research aims to understand audiences' reception of the purpose of online media in AQJ accident news. The type of this research is qualitative research used reception analysis to discover the reception of the audiences with different experience and background. This research show three types of audience position on AQJ news. The majority of audiences are in negotiated and interpret AQJ accident news as important news because it harms to others, detailed information often expected but they thought that underage children need to be protected from publicity, related to their identity and another aspect that could bother their psychological. Audience who are in dominant reading, interpret the news as natural news that gives positive benefit and important to note audiences widely, and have to be reported in detail. While another audience who are in oppositional reading interpret that news about children tragedy didn't need to be published, according to the audience news about children tragedy will violate children's psychology who are still developing and the news about AQJ accident on online media as unobjective and excessive news. Keywords: News, Tragedy, Children, Reception


Edible air pollution was on the menu at the Ideas City street festival, held last month in New York City. In addition to nibbling on lobster rolls and artisanal popsicles, festivalgoers could sample meringues made with smog. Meringue's key component—egg-white foam whipped to stiff-peak stage—consists of about 90% air. "Thanks to egg whites, we're able to harvest the air," writes food science expert Harold McGee in his culinary tome "On Food and Cooking." McGee's words inspired Zack Denfeld, artist and cofounder of the experimental food group the Center for Genomic Gastronomy, and Nicola Twilley, writer and author of the blog Edible Geography. Denfeld and Twilley recently teamed up to create a smog-meringue-making cart, which re-creates different urban atmospheres and harvests them with egg-white foam that's then baked into meringues. "By transforming the largely unconscious process of breathing to the conscious act of eating, the smog-tasting cart aims to create a ...


After the united front finally split up, the Chinese Communist Party did not throw down its arms. Stubbornly and persistently the Chinese communists tried to alter the course of the revolution in their favor and continued to struggle. While some of them deserted the field of battle and others preferred to submit and gain the chance for legal activity, on the whole the Chinese Communist Party did not want to accept its defeat and took up the armed struggle against its foes.


One of the major challenges faced by the developing countries like India is the efficient management of incredible quantity of wastes that are generated. Engineered landfill is an efficient method for meeting this challenge. The most significant chemical property of the soil used in landfill liners is the contaminant retention capacity or sorption. Different methodologies like batch test and column test have been used for measuring the sorption properties of soil. But it can be noted that the real life scenario can be better stimulated by the use of column test. However, for a well compacted soil this method has the limitation of being more time consuming. So, a new approach is needed that makes the procedure less time intensive. To achieve this, a new accelerated column test set up based on vacuum application for determining sorption property of the soil has been fabricated. The methodology has been demonstrated by determining the sorption property of a locally available soil with potassium as the model contaminant.


A Bayesian network (BN) model for predicting wildfire spreading was developed. From the available indicator variables related to weather, topography and land cover, the most informative were selected with the help of automatic structure learning algorithms. A final BN model was then constructed from these indicators using phenomenological reasoning. Automatic structure learning of the complete model
was found to have severe limitations due to large number of variables in combination with limited number of
observations. The BN model was learned and validated with data from the Mediterranean island of Cyprus.
The final BN was compared to a Naive Bayesian Classifier (NBC), which serves as a benchmark, and it was
shown to be applicable for prediction purposes.


Designing a study for independent confirmation of a treatment effect is sometimes not practical due to required large sample size. Post hoc pooling of studies including those for learning purposes is subject to selection bias and therefore generally not suitable for confirmation of a treatment effect. We propose a Bayesian approach which calibrates the role of prior information from historical studies for learning and confirming purposes. The amount of prior information to be combined with current study data for the purpose of hypothesis confirmation depends on the overall strength of prior information for hypothesis generation. The method is illustrated in the analysis of mortality data for the pirfenidone NDA. The Bayesian analysis provides a formal method to calibrate the role of information from historical evidence in the overall interpretation of results from both historical and concurrent clinical studies. The increased efficiency of using all available data is especially important in drug development for rare diseases with serious consequences, where limited patient source prohibits large trials, and unmet medical needs demand rapid access to treatment options.


Three hundred fifty‐one patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus received radiation therapy between 1953 and 1984. Nine subsequently developed cancers in other organs than the maxillary sinus, and five squamous cell carcinomas occurred in the second maxillary sinus. Analysis by the person year approach suggested a remarkably increased risk of 67 times for second sinus cancer and no additional increased risk of cancers to other organs, such as the upper aerodigestive tract. Cancer 58:1122‐1125, 1986.


A wedgy airgap disk coreless PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) is proposed, consisting of only stator (armature) winding and twin rotor system a double sided rotor with internal stator. No stator and rotor ferromagnetic cores have been used. And the axial air gap thickness of this PMSM in inner diameters equals to 8 mm, while the axial air gap thickness in outer diameters is 5.4 mm. The FEM analysis has been done to prove that the peak value of the magnetic flux density can be about 0.7T. There are high efficiency of 92% and high power factor of 0.99 in this low speed 250 W PMSM. There is about 30% higher efficiency in this motor than that of Y2-series three-phase asynchronous motor. The wedgy airgap disk coreless PMSM will be widely used in electric vehicle, hand-held electric tool, mechanical arm and so on


When a child develops a psychological disorder, even a mild one, early diagnosis is essential to provide a timely and appropriate intervention that can improve the child's symptoms and development. Early identification can prevent consequences of differing levels, in the short and long term, in the individual, in their family and in society as a whole. Hence the importance of the paediatrician's point of view and clinical knowhow in identifying potential disorders early, but also of the parents' views. It is therefore important to actively involve parents in initial diagnosis. In this regard, within the NASCITA Project, a study branch aimed to build a shared, active approach between parents, paediatricians and neuropsychiatrists/psychologists was activated for the 2-year health assessments (well-child visits) phase. Three tests were used: the M-CHAT-R (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised) to evaluate language, social skills, behaviour, sensory areas; the PSI-SF (Parenting Stress Index - Short Form) to verify the degree of discrepancy perceived by the parent between the child's requests and their ability to deal with them properly; the DERS (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) to highlight the difficulties of each parent in recognising, interpreting, and managing their emotions. The tests were given to 380 parents (142 couples, 215 mothers and 23 fathers) by 45 family paediatricians during the well-child visit held at two years of age. In all, 33 children (9%) resulted at risk, with a score of ≥ 3, 1 of whom was found to be at high risk. For 64 children (16.8%) at least one of the parents tested positive for PSI-SF and for 19 (5%) children at least one parent tested positive with the DERS. After combining the results obtained from the three tests and the clinical evaluation and by assessing the child's condition with respect to those results, the paediatrician can provide the parents with a concise description of what emerged and the specialist with a summarised report. Such an effort leads to timely, shared communication within the parent-paediatrician-neuropsychiatrist triad that includes specificity of intervention and that can contribute to the effectiveness of the response.


Three coordination compounds, {[Co(btrp)2(H2O)2] · NO3 · H2O} n (1), {[Co(btrp)2(H2O)2] · H2O · 2H2btc} n (2), and {[Co(btrp)3] · 2ClO4} n (3) (btrp = 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane; H3btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid), have been prepared via solvothermal method and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and elemental analyses. Compound 1 possesses a 1-D double-stranded chain composed of ribbons of 20-membered cycles. Binuclear water clusters link adjacent nitrate anions to form a 1-D supramolecular helix in the structure. Compound 2 has a 1-D double-stranded chain wherein free H2btc ligands constitute 1-D negative chains through classical hydrogen-bonding interactions (O–H ··· O). Compound 3 exhibits a triple-stranded 1-D chain. For 1–3, 3-D supramolecular structures are consolidated by interchain weak hydrogen-bonding interactions as well as electrostatic interactions.


Software engineering practitioners are often called upon to provide technical support in marketing and contracting. That support is more useful when the contributors have a firm understanding of the goals and techniques of these two business oriented activities. Of course, software engineers seeking advancement into higher levels of management should possess a more comprehensive knowledge and expertise.This paper describes a graduate level course designed to prepare software engineering students for efficient participation in the technical support of marketing and contracting activities.


The invention relates to a solid metal bed catalyst ON, CONFORMADO Raney. The catalyst is obtained by forming a powder of at least one catalyst alloy WITH A POWDER METAL CATALYST PURE UNDER THE ADDITION OF SUBSTANCES AUXILIARY forming and pore formers and calcining below in temperatures below 850 ION THE SUBSTANCE AUXILIARY preforming and the pore. The alloy powder and iron powder sintered to form together a porous mold body mechanically stable. THIS BODY IS MADE MOLD ALSO PARTICLE ALLOY CATALYST THAT ARE UNITED BY THE METAL POWDER CATALYST PURE. BINDER shows NO IDLE CATALYTIC, CERAMICO OR TYPE OF GLASS. LEACH BY ALUMINUM ALLOY CONTENT catalyst is activated with caustic soda BODY MOLD ON A DECK shallowly.


Objective:To compare the effects of electret and chemical enhancers in enhancing the transdermal delivery of meloxicam.Methods:The study was divided into 4 groups,including meloxicam patch group(control),chemical enhancer + meloxicam patch group,electret meloxicam patch,and electret + chemical enhancer + meloxicam patch group.The in vitro skin permeation of meloxicam from patches was examined by using a modified Franz diffusion cell.Ultraviolet spectrophotometry(362 nm)was used to analyze the drug concentration in the receptor.The 10 h-cumulated permeation amount of meloxicam from patchs was calculated in 3 experimental groups and were compared with that the control group.The enhancing abilities of electret and chemical enhancers were compared and the synergistic effect of them was assessed.Results:(1)1%,3% and 5% azones showed 1.20,1.33,and 1.26 fold-increases in the 10 h-cumulated permeation of meloxiam respectively as compared with control group(P0.05).(2)Most of the chemical enhancers used in this study(1%,3% and 5% azones,10% ethyl oleate,1% menthnol,and 30% sulphoxiade),except for 20% propylene glycol,had enhancing effect on transdermal delivery of melocicam.Ethyl oleate(10%)was proven to be the most potent enhancer,showing a 1.86-fold cumulated permeation that of the control group(P0.05);(3)Electret was more potent than the chemical enhancers in promoting meloxicam transdermal delivery,showing a 2.16-fold cumulated permeation that of control group(P0.05);(4)Electret improved the enhancing effect of chemical enhancers in this study.The cumulated permeation of meloxicam in electret + chemical enhancer + meloxicam patch group was 1.14-2.82 folds that of the chemical enhancer + meloxicam patch group(P0.05).Conclusion:Electret has a good promoting effect for transdermal drug delivery and can be used as a novel enhancer in transdermal delivery of drugs.


Abstract Seven Oriental species of Phycus Walker are recognized. Two species groups: the atripes species-group and the brunneus species-group are established. The atripes species-group seems paraphyletic and contains five rarely collected species: Phycus angustifrons, sp. nov. (Thailand), Ph. atripes Brunetti, 1920 (Nepal, NE India, and SW China), Ph. hauseri, sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), Ph. minutus, sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), and Ph. borneoensis, sp. nov. (Sabah). The brunneus species-group contains two Oriental species: Phycus brunneus (Wiedemann, 1824), and Ph. freidbergi, sp. nov. (India: Orissa). Two additional Afrotropical species should also be arranged in this species-group, which is characterized by the elongate scape and the pleural pruinosity, and certainly represents a monophyletic group. Phycus brunneus is represented by three subspecies in the region: Phycus brunneus brunneus (Wiedemann, 1824), = Phycus nitidus van der Wulp, 1897, syn. nov. (India and Sri Lanka), Phycus brunneus obscuripes Kröber, 1912, stat nov., = Phycus brunnipes Brunetti, 1912, syn. nov. (Burma, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, and Vietnam), and Phycus brunneus kerteszi Kröber, 1912, stat nov. (Taiwan, the Philippines). Phylogenetic implications with regard to character states of holoptism v. dichoptism, frontal pattern, and extension of the ambient vein of the wing are discussed.


Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of reshaping and reconstruction the mandibula defect in dogs by means of vascularized fibular free flaps and the implants immediately placed into the fibula,in hopes of providing clinical evidence.Methods:mandibula is removed first followed by transplanting fibula which is fixed by mini-plate,reshaped,titanium net is filled with artificial calcium sulfate.Four implants are planted respectively in the fibula in the four dogs. Periodic examinations such as blood testing,x-rays and tissue studies and biomechanic index from killed dogs are done.Results:The x-rays studies, the level of ALP and BGP bone,mineral density and biomechanic index,all these studies show that the transplanted heal well and the shape of mandibula recovers satisfactorily.Conclusion:The above methods used in rebuilding the mandibula in dogs is practicable in achieving the normal function and shape of the mandibula.


The year 1964 was a year pregnant with decisions for President Lyndon Baines Johnson—legislative as well as political decisions. High among his legislative priorities was a bill that has plagued so many of his predecessors—federal aid to public education. During the 1960 campaign, presidential candidate John F. Kennedy and vice-presidential candidate Lyndon B. Johnson both urged and pledged themselves to the speedy enactment of a comprehensive and general federal aid to education bill. This would have allotted aid to many local school districts that are unable to cope with the financial problems created by the dual inflationary spirals of economics and biology. For almost three years after his inauguration in January 1961, the late President Kennedy and his subordinates had been un able to engineer his aid to education proposals out of Congres sional committees. The bill's provisions for aid to public schools has led to the unalterable opposition of the Roman Catholic Church. This opposition has been based evidently upon the premise that federal aid extended only to public schools would lead to unfair financial competition that might eventually force the parochial schools out of the education market. Though not the only reason for the failure to enact the educa tion measure in the heavily Democratic controlled 87th and 88th Congresses, the church-state issue was most certainly a very im portant ingredient. This was as much as admitted by Presidential counsel and confidant, Theodore C. Sorensen, in a lecture de livered at Columbia University in 1963. In a very candid state ment he said, "While it should not be impossible to find an equitable constitutional formula to settle the church-school aid problem, it is difficult for the formula to be suggested by the na tion's first Catholic President." This would appear to reinforce the theory that the freedom of action of a President adhering to a minoritarian religious faith is


The fourth quarter of 2006 saw a record number of new foreclosures in the United States, according to the latest National Delinquency Survey from the Mortgage Bankers Association. Nationally, 0.57 percent of all outstanding loans were foreclosed in the last three months of the year, up from 0.42 percent a year ago and resulting in 1.19 percent of all mortgages in the U.S. currently in foreclosure. The increase was driven by all major loan types, although subprime (high-risk) and FHA loans stood out.


The symmetry of crystals is an extremely important property of crystals. Crystals can be divided into centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric crystals. In this paper, an infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) material AgGaGeSe4 was synthesized. The related performance analysis, nonlinear optical properties, and first-principle calculation of AgGaGeSe4 were also introduced in detail. In the AgGaGeSe4 structure, Ge4+ was replaced with Ga3+ and produced the same number of vacancies at the Ag+ position. The low content of Ge doping kept the original chalcopyrite structure and improved its optical properties such as the band gap. The UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectrum shows that the experimental energy band gap of AgGaGeSe4 is 2.27 eV, which is 0.48 eV larger than that of AgGaSe2 (1.79 eV). From the perspective of charge-transfer engineering strategy, the introduction of Group IV Ge elements into the crystal structure of AgGaSe2 effectively improves its band gap. The second harmonic generation (SHG) effect of AgGaGeSe4 is similar to that of AgGaSe2, and at 1064 nm wavelength, the birefringence of AgGaGeSe4 is 0.03, which is greater than that of AgGaSe2 (∆n = 0.02). The results show that AgGaGeSe4 possessed better optical properties than AgGaSe2, and can been broadly applied as a good infrared NLO material.


Periodicals of Educational Research, Educational Research Bureaus within the Universities, within State Departments of Education, and within City School Systems, together with Educational Investigations within the Personnel Divisions of Industrial Organization are in general the development and in most instances the creation of the twentieth century. Their rapid increase indicates the growing emphasis upon the scientific solution of educational problems. Since the effectiveness and the practical application of the results of this research are dependent upon the actual leaders in the school themselves, new requirements are placed upon school administrators and teachers. If educational research is to have a value comparable to the effort expended, school administrators must understand its significance. Co-operation in a movement that is not fully comprehended will be irksome to the administrator and of slight benefit to the research worker.


This study aimed to examine the effect of revenue and capital expenditure on economic growth, studies on district / city on the island of Sumatra. The independent variables were the PAD and Capital Expenditures. While the dependent variable is economic growth. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency www.djpk.depkeu.go.id and district / city on the island of Sumatra from 130 population and that meet the criteria of 30 samples. Based on the research results, it was concluded that 1) Revenue positive effect on Economic Growth 2) Capital Expenditures positive effect on economic growth.


The European Blueprint on Digital Transformation of Health and Care for the Ageing Society, funded as part of the WE4AHA project under the European Commission's digital single market strategy,  reflects a shared policy vision on how innovation can transform health and care provision in our ageing society. The Blueprint has centred its work on 12 personas, which were developed to enable the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) to envision realistic health and care needs of particular groups in society. The concept of "personas" was initially used by technology providers to enable the design of user-friendly solutions  based on a deeper understanding of how a target user will interact with particular technologies . The Blueprint furthered this concept by developing an approach that encompasses the perspective of different actors, beginning with the perspective of the citizen or patient rather the industry representatives. The resulting persona profiles include not only their health and care needs at their particular life stage, but also their personal aspects such as family, interests and hobbies, and daily living, as well as behavioural characteristics, which have been found to affect both short- and long-term success with interventions directed toward managing a disease or adopting wellness  .  The Blueprint personas have already been successfully used by various stakeholders to foster collaboration, assess or inform new solution development, and identify health and care topics that require further stimulus. Building upon the personas, Blueprint scenarios have also been developed to provide more detail on the perspectives of other "key actors" that are instrumental to better person-centred, integrated health and care delivery and empowered lifestyle management for the persona. The scenarios therefore recognise the importance of the wider health and care delivery ecosystem by taking into account (1) the needs of doctors, nurses, social carers, public health authorities, and other care providers, among others; (2) available best practices and ICT solutions that target the personas' identified needs and support all key actors (including the persona); (3) the relevant interactions (personas with ICT solutions, personas with key actors, key actors with ICT solutions, ICT solutions with other ICT solutions) that can support or improve the scenario outcomes; and other enablers such as data and information flow management and interoperability. Overall the Blueprint scenarios aim to illustrate how to enable the advancement of person-centred, integrated health and care delivery by describing the digital health technologies that target realistic, current needs of different population groups, and the outcomes that have a high impact on citizens and the health and care system. These are complemented by guidance documents on essential topics such as ensuring interoperability, carers and implementing integrated care. The result are recommendations and actions points that are helping to shape the European Commission's policy and innovation activities regarding active and healthy ageing.


A water displacement system was developed to calibrate variable area airflow meters. Time, temperature, pressure, and volume were the only measurements required to determine airflow through the system. System accuracy was estimated by comparing meter flow against a rotameter previously calibrated using a Hastings-Raydist System. Results obtained showed this system to be highly reliable and usable over a wide range of flow rates.


The Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the most devastating natural disasters the world has seen in the last 50 years. Following the calamities, the world responded and international actors went to work to relieve human suffering and rebuild the infrastructure that lay in ruins. This study examines the collective experiences of 21 organizations according to six disaster management dimensions: disaster preparedness, early recovery/livelihood support, public awareness, capacity-building, accountability and measuring mechanisms, and coordination post-disaster. The findings of this study provide policy recommendations according to the accomplishments, limitations, and progress made since 2004 shared by organizations responding to the largest and most publicized humanitarian crisis in recent times.


Received: 21 October 2018 Accepted: 3 January 2019 In today's competitive world, it is very important for organizations to select suppliers according to price, quality, satisfactory service and timely delivery. Since a considerable portion of production costs is associated with purchasing raw materials from suppliers, selection of the right suppliers and allocation of optimal order quantities plays an important role in the success of an organization. So far, extensive research has been conducted in the context of supplier selection, and multi-criteria decision-making techniques are the common approach used to select the appropriate option. Recently, some studies in the context of supplier selection considered variable assumptions like quantity discount possibility. So, the aim of this study is modeling the supplier selection problem based on incremental and wholesale discounts and comparing the results of them like best selected supplier(s) and optimal order allocation to them. And solve a big problem with GA and NSGA algorithms and comparing with each other's for this an integrated three-stage approach has been proposed by combining fuzzy AHP and Extended Analysis Method for the supplier selection problem and develop a GA&NSGA algorithms. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach and proposed algorithms has been appraised by numerical examples.


Introduction: Studies that analyze scientific production are essential to guide researchers.Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile of scientific production in the field of Dentistry in Public Health, by means of the abstracts published in the Annals of Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontologica in the period from 1999 to 2009.Material and method:First, the reading of all the 22388 abstracts published in the annals of the Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontologica from 1999 to 2009 was undertaken. The sample was 3061 abstract belonging to Public Health area.Result:There was growing participation of studies on Dentistry in Public Health with 113 studies having been inscribed in 1999 and 441 in 2009. There was a predominance of scientific studies in comparison with systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or case reports. In the classification of general nature of the research, 71.28% concerned studies with human beings. The greatest weight in the total number of researches with humans was in 2002, contributing with 79.79% of the total. With regard to the area of thematic domain, it was verified that studies involving Epidemiology were more frequent in all the years. When analyzing the institutional origin of studies, it was verified that in all the studied years, the public universities were responsible for the majority of scientific publications, 75.6% (n=2315).Conclusion: The studies on Dentistry in Public Health have grown significantly in the studied period of ten years. There was predominance of Epidemiological studies, and those of the in vivo and scientific research type.