painting, but one can almost imagine the bands as a distorted image of painted lines on pavement: perhaps a cross-walk in street, captured by accident by a photographer who happened to be walking around an intersection with a camera loaded with expired film. Anabasis XRayogram (Kyoto Paris New York) 1 (2009) is similarly enigmatic with its speckling of gray and black, slightly resembling granite or dirty pavement. Again, the image is plainly non-figural, but in straining to identify a referent, one might turn to images of travel and movement. It is as if the King, Homay, "Anabasis," p. 20 of 28 camera were trying to see a road by the hazy illumination of car headlights refracted in a deep mist. Baudelaire's source documents inform us that these images are photograms, pictures made without the use of a camera. The artist sent unused rolls of film on open-ended journeys to various international cities, sometimes in checked luggage, sometimes through the postal systems. The rolls of film were x-rayed at security stations along the way and thereby exposed, producing these vaporous images. Baudelaire had originally brought the rolls of film to Kyoto from Paris for use during an artist's residency, but, as the accompanying text puts it, "the artist failed to imagine a photographic project to conduct in Japan." The X-Rayograms are the exciting fruit of this failure. The destinations were chosen for their connections to texts that Baudelaire was reading at the time. The X-Rayograms embark on geographical anabases: they are sent forth by the artist to a series of world destinations, and like Xenophon's soldiers, they return transformed by their journeys, with the glare of the x-ray security cameras tattooed on their skins. As in Of Signs and Senses, movements and their accompanying state protocols leave visible traces on the surface of the receptive traveling material. xxviii Alongside the geo-political interpretation and its suggestive critiques, the X-Rayograms also invite a reading that has implications for thinking about photography and figuration. Photographic imagery is perhaps the figural medium par excellence of the twentieth century, the one whose invention, along with the cinema, is said to have freed painting from the constraints of representation and thereby paved the way for abstraction. Whereas Barthes imagines a camera without film, Baudelaire's X-Rayograms are made by film without a camera, at least not one enclosing its own celluloid. As in any photogram, the entire camera and lens are sous rature; in this case, the referents are as well. The bare rolls of film illustrate a way of seeing without a lens, King, Homay, "Anabasis," p. 21 of 28 a type of vision without filters or shapers. In this way, they recall the "pure receptivity" of Aristotle's writing tablet, and the "unlimited receptive capacity" of Freud's mystic writing pad. Although in one sense these images are distorted, failing to index any identifiable shapes or subjects, in another sense, they represent a kind of vision that is prior to all distortion, prior to what Henri Bergson calls "canalization": a vision unimpeded by the deformations and separations of field effected by a lens, whether glass or metaphorical. xxix This vision is thereby relieved of the "alienated definitions," as Barthes might call them, that such lenses impose on the visible world, and the clichés that lie in wait on empty film and canvas to ensnare new images. Perhaps the most famous moment in Xenophon's Anabasis is that in which, after many hardships and deaths, the army arrives at a promontory from which the ocean is visible. With great joy, the soldiers cry out, "The sea! The sea!" Because the Greeks know how to sail, this glimpse of water indicates that they have found a navigable route home. The discovery, of course, is a jubilant one. It is also a moment of canalization, since the improvisatory, wandering phase of the journey is now over. The smooth, open world has been reorganized to fit a familiar map. Baudelaire's X-Rayograms, though, could be said to forego canalization in favor of unformed, purely receptive impressions. They seem to glimmer between forms and their dissolution, if not literally then at least in the mind's eye. The city names listed in the title of each piece—Tokyo, New York, Beirut—cannot help but call to mind specific histories, peoples, architectures, landscapes, languages, and other identifying markers to mind. But the XRayograms do not provide images of these cities. Instead, they register the interstices through which one must pass in order to arrive in them. In these interstitial spaces, the roll of film, a surface of pure receptivity, and the x-ray machine stare at one another in a mise-en-abîme of vision. A new type of city-scape is revealed: a landscape picture that undoes the encrusted King, Homay, "Anabasis," p. 22 of 28 borders of the twentieth-century metropolis. In the X-Rayograms, we have a vision of how space might look if it were momentarily relieved of the traumatic histories and static, wall-like contours through which we cannot help but apprehend cities like Tokyo, New York, and Beirut at the transition from the twentieth century to the twenty-first. These histories, though, are not precisely being undone or revised. Significantly, the XRayograms could not have appeared were it not for the airport security and surveillance instruments through which they were created. These systems of border-maintenance are predicated on pure closure and antagonism toward alterity, the opposite of receptivity. In an anachronistic meeting of technologies, the outdated analog film negative encounters the security kiosk, laying itself bare to a flash that reveals nothing. But the Anabasis X-Rayograms do not exactly redeem or revise the history of the early twenty-first century; they simply precipitate out of it. This gesture opens up a space of clearing in which "homeland" and "security" can be reconfigured. Indeed, they must be reconfigured, for home is foreclosed, and securities are anything but secure. xxx The movement of anabasis forms a necessary supplement to the bare receptivity of the XRayograms. This movement allows us to entertain the idea of a relationship to receptivity, a condition that is difficult and potentially maddening insofar as it requires a radical openness to internal alterity. In The Century, Badiou suggests that there might be a way of making alterity one's own that is not predicated on an incorporation or assimilation of the other. He arrives at this idea through a reading of Paul Celan's poem version of the anabasis, which is included in the source documents for Baudelaire's work. The poem references the moment in which Xenophon's soldiers first lay eyes on the sea. Badiou describes this moment in the poem as a "maritime call," noting that in some ports, there are beacons or foghorns that emit a sound when the tide goes King, Homay, "Anabasis," p. 23 of 28 out. xxxi Celan invokes these signals from the sea with the portmanteau words Leuchtglockentöne ("lightbellsounds") and Kummerbojen ("sorrow-buoys"). In his poem, Celan renders the sounds of the beacons onomatopoeically with the syllables "dum-, dun-, un-." The maritime call as rendered in Celan's poem is importantly not one from a familiar, Greek ship. It is an alien voice, more barbarian than Hellenic. Notably, the word "barbarian" is said to originate from the Greek and Latin via the Arabic word barbara, meaning "to talk noisily and confusedly." xxxii Like Celan's syllables, it is onomatopoeic, a string of meaningless syllables, "bar, bar," that also designates incoherent speech. A word meaning "unintelligible foreigner" in Arabic travels into the Greek language, where it comes to refer not to the unintelligibility of the Greeks, but to that of the Arabs. Although this word's precise origins remain unsettled, the story of the word "barbarian" provides a compelling linguistic anabasis: a word that makes a journey from one language to another, and a word that refers to a foreign speech that was, once upon a time, one's own speech. It is according to this paradoxical sort of logic that we must understand the "lightbellsounds" of the maritime beacons in Celan's poem—not as the familiar tinkling sounds of home, but as a call that already contains the possibility that both sender and receiver are simultaneously foreign and familiar to one another and to themselves. xxxiii Badiou calls the moment of encounter with the sounds emitted from the sea "a moment of peril and beauty." xxxiv He reads in this encounter an unusual way of making alterity one's own, a way that forms a parallel anabasis to the movement of barbarian words into Greek. Badiou writes that "anabasis requires the other, the voice of the other...Celan breaks with the theme of an empty and self-sufficient wandering." xxxv This break is, for Badiou, Celan's major intervention into the group of texts inspired by Xenophon's Anabasis. As Badiou puts it, "The maritime images function as indices of alterity...How are we to make alterity ours? That is Celan's King, Homay, "Anabasis," p. 24 of 28 question." xxxvi But for Celan, Badiou notes, this "making ours" has nothing to do with a colonial, imperialistic, or possessive movement: "There is neither internalization nor appropriation. There is no substantialization of the 'we' into an 'I'. There is pure call, an almost imperceptible difference that must be made our own, simply because we have encountered it." xxxvii We are now finally prepared to understand the return curve of the anabasis, at least in its most promising form, in its full significance. It is not simply that the anabastic voyager proceeds from a state of willful mission to one of itinerant wayfaring, later to return merrily home, for all three of these states are still predicated on self-sufficiency, and on self-sameness in relation to alien others and places. If they involve a "we," it is one tha


The term chronic obstructive lung diseases sumarizes asthma and chronic bronchitis with more or less emphysema (COPD). Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD is performed in clinical praxis mainly by anamnesis and lung function monitoring. In contrast to asthma COPD is mostly due to cigarette smoking and may result in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Pharmacotherapy with longacting β 2 -agonists (formoterol, salmeterol) and/or anticholinergics (thiotropiumbromid) in combination with inhalative steroids is less effective in patients with COPD than with asthma. Beside cessation of smoking O 2 -LT is the only evidence based medicine therapy which proved to prolonge live in these patients. In the final stage of the disease with the danger of CO 2 -narcosis due to respiratory pump failure O 2 -LT often needs additional noninvasive home ventilation of these patients.


An explosives detection/identification system is presented to be used by a humanoid robot that must manipulate them, using a Leddar sensor and a SOM (Self-Organizing Map) network as data acquisition and processing tools, respectively. By creating a sensor/PC interface, a database with 16 distance measurements is created for each sample. These samples were of 2 kinds: explosives (object of detection, cylindrical) and a test object (rectangular). In total, the SOM network was trained with 100 vectors of 16 distances, achieving the separation of the 2 clusters, which is evidenced in the validation where 100% of the samples of the "explosive" pattern are grouped to the upper right side of the neurons output.


Patient: Female, 42-year-old Final Diagnosis: Biliary neuroendocrine carcinoma involving the common hepatic duct • common bile duct and cystic duct PT1N0M0G3R0 Symptoms: Itching of the hands, forearms and lower legs, followed by symptoms of obstructive jaundice Clinical Procedure: Cholecystectomy • ERCP • resection of a hepatobiliary mass Specialty: Gastroenterology and Hepatology • Oncology • Pathology • Surgery Objective: Rare disease Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) primarily originating from the extrahepatic biliary (EB) tree are a medical rarity, accounting for less than 100 recorded instances globally. This case report outlines an encounter with this uncommon condition, demonstrating the complexities of diagnosis and management. Case Report: A 42-year-old woman presented at our Emergency Department with a 3-week history of itching and symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Initial laboratory tests showed hyperbilirubinemia and elevated liver transaminases. Abdominal ultrasonography indicated choledocholithiasis. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested either Mirizzi syndrome or a proximal common bile duct neoplasm. Abdominal computed tomography showed cholestasis, suggesting choledocholithiasis or cholangiocarcinoma (type-1). An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with biliary and pancreatic duct stenting was performed for drainage, with brush cytology confirming adenocarcinoma. The patient was referred for surgical resection of the bile duct tumor, involving extrahepatic bile duct resection, en bloc cholecystectomy, lymphadenectomy, Roux-en-Y anastomosis, and biliary drainage. Histopathology identified a neuroendocrine carcinoma. Following surgery, the patient underwent eight cycles of FOLFOX6 chemotherapy, with no disease relapse post-treatment. Conclusions: This case emphasizes multidisciplinary teamwork importance in managing rare diseases like EB bile duct NETs. These tumors' rarity and symptom ambiguity necessitate histological examination for accurate diagnosis. This report aims to guide healthcare professionals facing similar future cases.


The acoustic impedance of layered porous materials can be calculated using the Biot theory and a matrix formalism to characterize each layer. A comparison with experimental data will be made for layered systems of various types, including layered systems covered with a membrane. The experimental data have been obtained with a two‐microphone technique, which calculates the acoustic impedance from pressure measurements at two different microphone locations above the sample.


In Self-Reflexive Networks (SR) the learning algorithm which is based on the Back Propagation follows the descent gradient method (for a detailed description see the Models issue of the present volume). The back propagation of the error is computed through the comparison between the desired Output (Target) and the real one, calculated in each Output node. In the SR ANN the Delta Output of each node is generated by the comparison between the real Output and the value of the Hidden node of which that Output node is a copy. The equation for the Delta Output calculation is the following:


Spinal neurenteric cyst is an uncommon congenital cyst and is frequently found in the cervical region. Two additinal cases are reported and a review of the other 41 cases depicted in the Japanese literature is made, in comparison with the cases reported by Wilkins and Odom.14


-Two ostracode species belonging to the family Hollinidae are described from the Middle Silurian Mulde mar! of Gotland, Sweden. A new genus Triemilomatella is proposed, with the new species T. prisca as the type species. The other species described is provisionally assigned to the genus Parabolbina, but since only tecnomorphs have been found this species cannot be properly defined. The dimorphism in Triemilomatella is shown to be of locular type. The new subfamily Ctenoloculininae is proposed for the hollinids with locular dimorphism.


This paper investigates the impact cultural values had on 351 Taiwanese respondents in a simulated international business negotiation. Independent variables of Power Distance, Masculinity, Long-Term Orientation and Nationality (American, Japanese and Chinese) were loaded into simulated profiles as the stimuli that were expected have differing effects on the respondents' face concerns. Conjoint analyses were run and demonstrated that Nationality and Masculinity showed significant differences in respondent preferences. As expected, a considerable amount of cross-cultural accommodation was shown towards American counterparts, while ethnic affirmation was demonstrated with Japanese and Chinese profiles. Executives involved in negotiations and business dealings in Taiwan should consider how these preferences can affect negotiated outcomes.


: The main motive of this work is to lower the rate of problems incurred during fault conditions of lines & lamp; other maintenance work carried out by line man. The electric line man safety system makes use of a new concept of one-time password (OTP). It is found that the fatal electrical accidents to the line man are increasing during the electrical line repair due to lack of communication and co-ordination between the maintenance staff and electric substation. This proposed system provides a solution that ensures the safety of maintenance staff, i.e., line man. On detecting a fault in electric line, the line man sends SMS to deactivate the line and which is again activated after completing the work. It can also prove a boon to save power, thus it saves the life of line man working on electric line. The proposed system is fully operated by microcontroller.


Key Word : Manufactured housing, Lego block-type, Plug-in, System, Structure, Mass production, low-priced supply, Transfer Abstract : The housing policy for the urban low-income group in Korea has been insufficient to settle practically low-income housing problem and has not been concerned in long-term appreciation. Low-income groups are pressured extreme financial burden. Consequently, therefore they need to be supplied low-priced housing in respect to income level. This study purposes to recognize necessity of low-priced housing and to solve supply problem of low-income group residents by research on the actual condition. As a result , this study proposes prototype of housing model by System Housing Design.


Objective
To investigate the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) on the tumor growth of bearing cancer mice of RM-1 and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
In cellular level, RM-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of RAPA. The expression of p62 and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease (Caspase)-3 proteins was detected by Western blotting. In Animal level, 30 bearing cancer mice of RM-1 were randomly divided into model group, 5 mg/kg RAPA group, 10 mg/kg RAPA group and 20 mg/kg RAPA group. Mice in 5 mg/kg RAPA, 10 mg/kg RAPA and 20 mg/kg RAPA groups were given intraperitoneal injection of RAPA with the doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively. Mice in mode group were given the same volume of phosphate buffer (PBS). Tumor growth and survival rate of four groups were observed after administration for 30 days. Caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and Western blotting respectively. Cell apoptosis index in tumor tissue was analyzed by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining method.

Results
As compared with the control group (1.89±0.17), the levels of p62 in the cells treated with 125 nmol/L, 250 nmol/L and 500 nmol/L (0.91±0.19, 0.68±0.12, 0.31±0.10) decreased significantly (t=2.019, 3.491, 4.910, P<0.05). As compared with the control group (0.21±0.09), the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein in cells treated with 125 nmol/L, 250 nmol/L and 500 nmol/L were significantly increased (0.41±0.14, 0.87±0.18, 2.01±0.21) (t=1.989, 2.582, 5.019, P<0.05). As compared with the model group, RAPA of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly slowed down the growth of tumors in mice, and the survival rate was significantly higher than that in the model group in a dose-dependent manner. As compared with the model group, the levels of Caspase-3 and p62 proteins in tumor tissues of mice in 5 mg/kg RAPA, 10 mg/kg RAPA and 20 mg/kg RAPA groups increased significantly, and those of p62 protein decreased significantly. Casepase-3 and p62 proteins in 5 mg/kg RAPA, 10 mg/kg RAPA and 20 mg/kg RAPA groups were dose-dependently correlated with RAPA concentrations. As compared the model group (5.01±1.12), the apoptotic levels of tumor cells in 3 mg/kg RAPA, 6 mg/kg RAPA and 9 mg/kg RAPA groups [(20.14±4.12), (51.23±8.99), (78.43±10.32)] increased significantly (t=3.109, 5.192, 7.102, P<0.05).

Conclusion
RAPA can induce excessive autophagy of tumor cells, and excessive autophagy can result in tumor cell apoptosis to achieve anti-tumor effects.

Key words:
Rapamycin; Prostate cancer; Autophagy; Apoptosis


In recent years, significant improvements have been made in the measurement and characterisation of in–use emissions from heavy–duty vehicles. The recent efforts to measure in–use (real–world) emissions has been underscored by the need to improve the models used to generate mobile source emission inventories. The emissions data generated by the West Virginia University Transportable Heavy–Duty Vehicle Emission Testing Laboratories is filling the void in the database. The increasingly stringent standards on exhaust emissions necessitate a higher degree of accuracy and repeatability in the measurements. This paper will present an analysis of the uncertainty of the inaccuracy associated with in–use particulate matter measurements using the transportable laboratory. It was found that the error in the HC, CO, CO2, and NOx, measurements were dependent upon the bias and random errors inherent with each of the analysers. While the emission measurements of particulate matter were affected by the error in the analysers, a sensitivity analysis revealed that the largest contributor to the uncertainty in this measurement was the dilute exhaust mass flow rate, Vmix. The uncertainty in the particulate matter emission measurement was found to be less than 2%. It was found that the error in the particulate measurement was directly proportional to the error in the Vmix. When the error in the Vmix was 1% the error in the particulate measurement was approximately 1%. The errors associated with the pressure transducer, which measured the absolute pressure at the critical flow venturi inlet, and the critical flow venture constant, Κ, also contributed significantly to the uncertainty.


Reputation is defined as knowledge of a person's typical behaviour based on that person's past behaviour. Indirect reputation refers to knowledge gained from observing events between third parties. This experiment was devised as a methodology for learning about indirect reputation in non-human apes (inspired by a recent body of human experiments). Four great ape species (Pan troglodytes verus, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus abelii) were tested on a simple paradigm where every subject passively observed two types of food sharing incident that occurred between human actors. One (1) was a nice person incident (a "nice" person gave some of her grapes to a human who begged for them). The other (2) was a nasty person incident (a "nasty" person refused to allow the beggar to take any grapes). After observing both incidents, the subject was allowed into a compartment where both nice and nasty persons were sitting side-by-side at plexiglas windows (with open food holes). Both humans were holding a container of grapes but neither fed the subject. This was a test of which human (nice/nasty) the subject prefers to approach. One measure of preference was the percentage of seconds that the subject spent at either window. Only chimpanzees (n = 17) spent significantly more seconds at the nice person's window than the nasty person's. The results were not significant for bonobos (n = 5), orangutans (n = 5), or gorillas (n = 5). One interpretation of these data is that chimpanzees were using the passively observed incident to guide their subsequent food seeking behaviour


Facilitated transport cellulose membranes with different zinc ion loadings are fabricated via a facile and green solvent system (zinc chloride/calcium chloride solution). Zn2+ ions lower the pristine hydrogen bonds that normally reinforce the cellulose chains, and Ca2+ ions facilitate interactions among the Zn-cellulose chains to form nanofibrils. The strategy provides an effective route to immobilize zinc species into membrane matrix and constructs facilitated transport pathway for CO2 molecules. The self-standing membranes are transparent, flexible and demonstrate ultraselective CO2 permeation. The optimum separation performance is achieved over CM-0 with the highest zinc content (22.2%), and it exhibits a CO2 permeability of 155.0 Barrer, with selectivity ratios of 27.2 (CO2/N2) and 100.6 (CO2/O2). The excellent separation performance is assigned to the π complexation mechanism between Zn2+ and CO2.


With the development of CNC,complex programming problem is encountered in the actual work.Especially processing and programming of some irregular graphics is very difficult,some programs can not complete.However,irregular shape of the graph is encountered in teaching and processing,programming is simplified based on some special CNC programming,tool compensation to be studied and analyzed,especially analysis of the difficulties encountered in programming.The experiments shows that this method can be solve such problems.


realms. Concrete concepts are primarily concerned with objects and their function: for example, a glass is an object; its function is to hold water. Since concepts of this kind are subject to direct experience, they are probably the easiest to acquire. 2. Chronological concepts (hours, seasons, historic events).-These concepts are more abstract by nature and are concerned with ideas that are increasingly more difficult to relate to direct experience. Chronological time, such as that found in history, is perhaps one of the most difficult time concepts which children face because they lack experience which would make it comprehensible. Hours and seasons are more easily understood because they are experienced by the individual. Other time concepts may involve such things as light-years (space and time relations) or a sequence of events


Teachers, special educators, therapists, and other professionals should begin developing a transition plan based on an individual student's interests as early as possible. The earlier that students with disabilities can begin obtaining work experience, the more likely they are to have successful outcomes of obtaining and maintaining employment after graduation. Furthermore, it is important for the team to collaborate with the parents because parental expectations are associated with improved employment outcomes. Additionally, by focusing on students' strengths during individualized education program meetings, goals can be created that encourage the students' strengths and address their weaknesses. Occupational therapists (OTs) are often not fully utilized as part of transition teams for students transitioning out of high school. This is unfortunate because OTs have expertise in helping students engage in self-determination and in building goals based on that student's strengths and preferences. Overall, students with disabilities have incredible value to offer society, and professionals should utilize these strategies to improve student employment outcomes after graduation to close the employment gap between people with disabilities and people without disabilities. TRANSITION TO EMPLOYMENT FOR PWD 3 Transition to Employment for People with Disabilities: Closing the Employment Gap People with disabilities are valuable members of society who have specific gifts which would be well-utilized in the workforce. The primary and secondary education of students with disabilities affect these students' post-secondary employment outcomes. For this reason, it is important to utilize the IEP to implement early work experiences, increase parental expectations, and follow a student-centered, strengths-based model. Occupational Therapists have a unique outlook on transition and are valuable members of IEP teams who can work alongside teachers to accomplish transition goals. Disability Employment Statistics At the time of the U.S. Census in 2010, 56.7 million people in the United States had a disability which was 18.7% of the population (Brault, 2012). The American Community Survey (ACS) estimates that in 2010, 11.9% of the U.S. population had a disability and this increased to 12.7% by 2017 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2017). From 2010-2017, the percentage increased slightly, but still, the data is significantly different than the U.S. Census data. These two surveys have differing methods for data collection and differing definitions of disability which explains the discrepancy. At Messiah College, 9.9% of undergraduate students in the 2017-2018 school year reported to have a disability (A. Slody, personal communication, March 11, 2019). According to the U.S. Department of Education, 11.1% of students in colleges have disabilities (U.S. Department of Education & National Center for Education Statistics, 2016). There is a significantly lower percentage of students with disabilities that attend college than students without disabilities. For this reason, the percentage found by the U.S. Census seems more likely to accurately represent the whole population. Regardless of which data set is used, it is clear that TRANSITION TO EMPLOYMENT FOR PWD 4 a significant portion of the American population has a disability, and a large portion of this group are not employed. People with disabilities (PWDs) in the United States are not being fully utilized in the American labor force. Additionally, PWDs in the labor force have lower wages and lower job security than those without disabilities despite their ability to contribute to society in meaningful ways (Lysaght, Ouellette-Kuntz, & Lin, 2012; Sanford et al., 2011; Shur, Kruse, Blasi, & Blanck, 2009). In 2018, 19.1% of the PWDs in the U.S. were employed, compared to 65.9% of people without disabilities in the same age group. Similarly, for ages 16-24, 30.4% of PWDs were employed compared to 74% of people without disabilities (U.S. Department of Labor, 2019). The large gap between these statistics reveals the drastic number of PWDs who are not working for one reason or another. Eight percent of PWDs are unemployed. Although this is more than the rate for people with no disability (3.7%), this is clearly not the only or even the main reason for the gap; instead, it is the people who are not in the labor force at all that create this large gap. The National Longitudinal Study followed students with disabilities eight years after graduation. In this study, individuals with disabilities like deaf-blindness, orthopedic impairments, visual impairments, traumatic brain injuries, autism, and intellectual disabilities, and multiple disabilities had employment rates of 30-45% which is significantly less than the 71% general employment rate for the same age group (Sanford et al., 2011). This indicates that many people with various disabilities have difficulty gaining and maintaining employment. Laws Related to Transition and Employment The law has been adjusted to attempt to decrease this gap between the employment of typical individuals and PWDs. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination against TRANSITION TO EMPLOYMENT FOR PWD 5 people with disabilities in any program, activity, or employment opportunity that is federally supported (Sections 101 and 104). The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 prohibits employers from discriminating against people with disabilities; a qualified individual should be employed regardless of his/her disability status even if accommodations would be necessary, as long as these accommodations are not overly burdensome. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA) provides a free and appropriate public education to students with disabilities. This includes whatever services the particular child may need to have an appropriate education. Additionally, according to IDEA, students must begin transition planning before the age of 16; however, some states require this to occur before the age of 14. This transition planning must be based on the child's strengths and interests, and it must help a student to prepare for life after high school. Despite all of these laws that were made to help increase the opportunities for people with disabilities, there is still a significant employment gap between PWDs and people without disabilities. In one recent Supreme Court case, Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District case, the understanding of what constitutes an appropriate education was changed. The Supreme Court decided that students must make more than de minimis progress; in fact, they should make appropriately ambitious progress (Yell & Bateman, 2017). This means that the transition team should set high expectations and create ambitious goals in order for the students to help properly prepare the student for post-secondary life. Importance of Early, Paid Work Experiences For students with disabilities, having a paid job while still in high school leads to better employment outcomes in the future (e.g. Carter, Austin, & Trainor, 2012; Kaya et al., 2016; Mamun, Carter, Fraker, & Timmons, 2017). For this reason, high schools need to begin TRANSITION TO EMPLOYMENT FOR PWD 6 preparing their students affected by disabilities for post-graduation employment. However, it seems that these schools are not giving enough real-world work experiences because there are still discrepancies in the career outcomes between people with and without disabilities. One of the most influential ways to close the employment gap is to provide students who have disabilities with opportunities for paid work experience in high school. Wehman et al. (2015) found that early work experience is a significant predictor for obtaining a job after secondary school. In fact, they found that PWDs who had a high school work experience are 1.40 times (p = 0.0004) more likely to get a job after high school than PWDs who did not have work experience in high school. Similarly, another study found a similar result; chances for employment of PWDs increased by 17% when PWDs had a work-experience two years prior to the data collection (Mamun et al., 2017). Work experience was found to be even more influential than the other important aspects: whether or not the individual attended post-secondary school, his/her comfortability using the computer, and his/her ability to navigate outside of the home (Wehman et al., 2015). Work experience is often found to be the most influential predictor of obtaining employment after high school. Some studies have researched the importance of work experience for a more specific population. For individuals with deaf-blindness, those who had paid employment experiences were 2.96 times more likely to obtain a job after high school (Cmar, McDonnall, & Markoski, 2018). This illustrates that work experience may be especially beneficial for individuals with certain disabilities like deaf-blindness. Interestingly, the literature agrees that un-paid work experiences do not have this same correlation with post-high school employment as paid experiences (Carter, Austin & Trainer, 2011; Cmar, McDonnall, & Markoski 2018; Mamun et al., 2017; McDonnall & O'Mally, 2012). TRANSITION TO EMPLOYMENT FOR PWD 7 For example, one study found that for individuals who are visually impaired, paid work experience was a predictor of post-secondary employment: χ2 (1, N=130) = 15.92, p < 0.01. However, school-sponsored work experience did not have this same correlation: χ2 (1, N = 310) = 0.14, p = 0.71 (McDonnall & O'Mally, 2012). These results might stem from the value that a paid work experience provides an individual that an un-paid experience does not provide: the motivating and rewarding exchange of money for work which leads to feelings of value and purpose. This indicates that professionals need to help students with disabilities to find not just work experiences, but paid work experien


To establish a bulb production system, the scales of Lilium Oriental Hybrids 'Casa Blanca' and 'Marcopolo' were cultured on medium in vitro. The tests were carried out with several media containing various source of carbon, nitrogen, calcium ion and gelrite with different concentrations. In the determination of the effect of carbon source, sucrose was the most effective among treatments in bulb growth. Sugar was less effective than sucrose and glucose showed the least effectiveness. It showed the ideal concentration of carbon sources for bulb growth was in the range from 60 to 90 g․L^.^1. In the effect of nitrogen source and concentrations, the number and weight of bulblet in 'Casa Blanca' was the highest in the treatment such as a mixture of 40mM ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Ten mM nitrate nitrogen also showed good bulblet growth in 'Marcopolo'. Even though the varieties showed very different growth response to the calcium concentrations, the standard medium (440 mg․L^.^1) and increased calcium concentration to two times showed good results in number and weight of bulblet. Gelrite, a supporting material, showed better growth than agar with the concentrations of 2󰡈3 g․L^.^1. When concentration of gelrite was 1 g․L^.^1, medium became semi solid form. Due to lack of respiration a survival ratio of plants was very low in the early stage of growth, but the growth of the survived plants was good.


Introduction: Diameter is currently the only factor used to estimate rupture risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Many large AAAs, however, do not rupture, and a significant portion of small ...


Undergraduate research has a significant positive impact on the students' educational experience but has many implementation challenges in curricular or co-curricular activities. This paper presents an approach for introducing undergraduate research to engineering students in a Numerical Analysis of Engineering Systems course, which is typically a junior-level undergraduate course in most engineering departments. A course project was designed to allow the participating students to work in teams, read an assigned research paper that presents an exact solution of a problem related to smart materials and structures, locate the main equations, and write a computer code that uses these equations to regenerate the published results. Each team of students gave a presentation on the assigned paper, the main equations, the code developed to regenerate the results and graphs, with interpretations and conclusions. The project is contributing to the course outcomes and learning objectives as well as multiple ABET student outcomes. Final survey showed the effectiveness of the proposed project in introducing students to undergraduate research, and giving them the chance to understand the technical and mathematical language used in research papers, and experience working on new challenging problems. The approach does not need involvement of multiple faculty members, or large funds and resources. The theme of the assigned research papers is dependent on the instructor's field of research. The approach can be easily extended to other courses that teach computational methods and tools. The paper presents sample student projects and lessons learned in implementing the proposed approach.


An overview of ORCiD and the sign up process for an ORCiD account for WUSTL faculty members, reseachers and students.


Objective To test the reliability and validity of a Chinese version Children's Depression Inventory(CDI).Methods Classes(n=168) from 56 schools were randomly selected in thirteen administrative districts/counties by population-based cross sectional study.Totally,7 161 eligible participants were included in analyses.Depressive symptoms were measured using the 27-item CDI in order to analyze the reliability and validity.Results The reliability was estimated by internal consistency,the co-efficient of Cronbach' s α was 0.853 for the entire sample,which of negative mood,interpersonal problems,ineffectiveness,anhedonia,negative self-esteem for the 5 subscales of CDI were between 0.348 to 0.669.The coefficient of Split-half was 0.824.Principal components factor extraction was conducted with the eigenvalue of 1,and six factors were reported describing 44.715% of the total variance,deep factor analysis and one factor were gotten(the eigenvalue was 2.783).And item total-score correlation co-efficients(r),were all greater than 0.35(P0.01)except item 26.There was a strong correlation of scores between the CDI and the AADS.Conclusion CDI has high validity and reliability among Chinese high school students.However,interpersonal problem subscale of CDI is not good.It should be revised under Chinese culture.


Current NASA Mars human mission architectures point to using In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) on the surface of Mars to decrease required mass to land, reduce launch requirements, and simplify the Entry Descent Landing design. An ISRU plant can significantly reduce the landed mass by 60 metric tons or 60% of the lander mass [1].The gaseous oxygen (and possibly methane) that the ISRU plant produces must be liquefied and stored as propellants for the Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV). Based on current architectural assumptions, the production and storage of 23 tons of liquid oxygen needs to occur over a duration of 500+ days [1]. To accomplish this, an energy efficient refrigeration and storage system will be required.


As a part of the investigation of the chemical modification of petroleum resin, the chlorination was studied.The chlorination in ethylene dichloride solution in the sunlight was found to proceed more readily as the reaction temperature is lower. The chlorine reacts probably only with aliphatic chains of the petroleum resin molecule.The chlorination in the dark was accelerated by the addition of iodine as a catalyser ; it was found by infra-red spectrophotometry that the chlorine reacts mainly with aromatic nuclei, besides to the addition to double bonds in aliphatic chains. Similar effect was recognized by the addition of metal such as iron, zinc and tin, but copper had almost no influence, upon the reaction with aromatic nucleus.Decomposition of the petroleum resin molecule was not found in the chlorination. Effect of solvent was also investigated.


The study of errors has contributed to establish Second Language Acquisition Studies as an autonomous research endeavour, aimed to describe non-native linguistic systems and to explain particular phenomena characterizing the acquisition process. Errors, as manifestations of non-native systems, interest both SLA researchers and L2 teachers, but they have different and sometimes conflicting perspectives (for example, when fossilization or assessment issues are considered), on which we will focus in this paper.


This paper investigate whether the effects of U.S. news announcements has influence on liquidity commonality during financial crisis periods. We construct a market-wide liquidity risk in the foreign exchange market by using Generalized Dynamic Factor Model (GDFM) model. We show that strong commonality in liquidity are associated with major crisis events. Our analysis also indicates that price volatility produced by U.S. macroeconomic news release are able to influence levels of commonality in liquidity. Furthermore, we find that quantitative easing policies injects high capital inflows into market to improve financial sector's funding liquidity, which might cause a decrease in commonality in liquidity. Finally, we present evidence that either from supply-side forces related to the funding liquidity and to investors' fear or from market volatility related to the dealer inventory cost and to news surprise, which have a significant influence on market-wide FX liquidity.


The researches and data processing of laser pulse interaction with the surface of the target of aluminum alloy versus the air pressure and pulse power were carried out. The alloy 1420 is composed of 92% Al, 6% Mg and 2% Li. The industrial laser with pulse-half width of 3 ms was used to achieve the power density up to 2 x 106 W/cm2.


IN FEBRUARY 1932 at a RSFSR conference of judiciary cadres, P. P. Postyshev called for some new methods of 'selective repression', aimed at the political 'isolation' of the enemy.1 Repression ought not to be weakened, but an end should be put to such actions as the 'mass deportation of kulaks'.2 Shortly after, A. A. Sol'ts, a member of TsIK, of the party TsKK and of the Supreme Court (Verkhsud), sent the Politburo a joint decision by the TsIK Presidium and the Kollegiya of the NK-RKI.3 After an introductory analysis by Sol'ts himself on the operation of the judiciary organs in Belorussia and the Ukraine, this document criticised both the local attorney general (prokuror) and the Commissariat of Justice (NKYust) for the excessive severity of the sentences issued by the local courts, in particular in cases of 'chauvinism' by ordinary people. The document also called for inspections in the imprisonment camps and for the release of inmates who had clearly mended their ways, before completion of their sentences.


i i i Nurse researchers and patient care administrators have long been concerned with understanding patient satisfaction with nursing care and its relationship to nurse staffing. This study focused on two major aspects o f the problem, within the context o f a single inpatient orthopaedic surgery unit during a three-year period. Using an ex post facto correlational design, this study used secondary data to examine a) patient satisfaction with nursing care, and b) the relationship o f patient satisfaction with nursing care to nurse staffing. The research questions are framed within a conceptual framework based on Donabedian's model o f quality assessment and stakeholder theory o f strategic management. Nurse staffing variables include care intensity, skill mix, and staffing adequacy. Patient satisfaction variables include indicators derived from patients' perspectives o f several care processes and outcomes, including overall nursing care. The study uses two levels o f analysis. First, patient satisfaction with nursing care and its underlying structure is examined at the patient level o f analysis. Second, the relationship between patient satisfaction and nurse staffing is assessed at the unit level. At the patient level o f analysis, using 1076 patient surveys, patient satisfaction was not found to be comprised o f two dimensions. Principal component analysis showed that patient satisfaction, as measured by the ten nursing variables in this study, is not comprised o f perceptions o f process and perceptions o f outcome. However, satisfaction with pain management did not fit within the factor structure for satisfaction with nursing. In a separate analysis, satisfaction with nursing accounted for 42% o f the Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. variance in overall satisfaction with hospital care. Satisfaction with the time spemt with nurses accounted for 26% o f the variance with overall hospital satisfaction. At the unit level o f analysis, four statistically significant relationships w ere found between the staffing and patient satisfaction variables: a) LPN hours per patient aday and time spent with nurses, b) RN proportion and nurses introducing themselves, c) K N proportion and nurses explaining their actions, and d) Percent Staffing-LPN and time spent with nurses. In addition, several statistically significant inverse relationships were identified between selected patient satisfaction variables and volume in terms o f patient days. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


More than 40 years ago the late Dr. Stephen A. Forbes wrote in part as follows: "It is not the facts of entomology we discover, but those which we persuade the farmer, the gardener or the fruit grower to use diligently for the protection or the preservation of his crops, which make our entomology economic. To bring a result to bear on the practice of one man when a thousand are suffering from the want of it is to fail 99.9 per cent of our proper undertaking. We must first do exhaustive, conclusive, practical economic work, and then we must find means to get that work utilized or it is an economic dead loss."


Among 5 different pre-treatments (blanching in water (T1)' blanching in 2% sodium chloride solution (T2)' blanching in 0.5% sodium meta-bisulphite (NaMS) solution (T3 ), blanching in 0.1% magnesium oxide (MgO) solution (T4 ) and control (Ts)' blanching in 0.5 % sodium meta-bisulphite (NaMS) solution was found to be the best for the preparation of dehydrated leafy vegetables and retaining better nutrients ascorbic acid, ~-carotene, chlorophyll content and rehydration ratio . The time for inactivation of enzyme was found to be between 60 and 120 seconds in boiling water for all the vegetables. Pre-treatments could provide a major mean of reducing processing cost through increased drying efficiency. Dehydrated leafy vegetables have the potential to become an important product because oftheir being relatively inexpensive and also being easy to cook with several nutrients, which are essential for human health.


The present invention, the inner conductor (2) consists of the outer conductor coaxial microwave supply unit with a (3) (1), an inner conductor having one end as the antenna (7) (2), the plasma chamber (6) about the ECR plasma source through a vacuum flange (5) form of being insulated to close an opening in the wall against. Multipolar magnet device (8) have been deployed microwave supply unit (1) coaxially, the magnetic field penetrates the vacuum flange (5), an antenna (7) into the plasma chamber (6) in to form a ring-gap-shaped magnetic field (12) coaxially. Antenna (7), together with directly protruding into the plasma chamber (6) within an antenna head (14) to expand radially toward the inner conductor (2), in its antenna head, vacuum flange (5) and parallel to the bottom (15) is disposed relative to, along with the ring-shaped gap (16) is formed between the vacuum flange (5) and its lower side (15), the plasma chamber (6), the outside of the antenna (7) coaxial to and annular gap-shaped magnetic field with respect to the radial direction (12), the shield (13) are bounded by opposite the vacuum flange of the shield front side defines plasma emission opening (25).


This paper describes the design of poly-phase power system relays by using the amplitude and phase comparison techniques. Both techniques are used for designing phase-to-phase, three-phase and phase-to-ground relays. A new poly-phase amplitude method, which uses inputs from the phase comparator, is proposed for protecting power transmission lines during phase-to-phase and three-phase faults. A unique amplitude and phase comparison approach is introduced for use in a poly-phase phase-to-ground relaying unit. The proposed designs are suitable for implementation on microprocessors. Performance of the comparators was evaluated by using data simulated using EMTDC and some results are included in the paper.


The NCAR airborne infrared lidar system (NAILS) is being developed over a number of years with the eventual goal of Doppler wind measurements for applications to research in atmospheric science. The system is based on a pulsed CO2 laser using a transverse-excitation, atmospheric-pressure (TEA) discharge. Research results from NAILS in a direct-detection mode have recently appeared (Schwiesow, et al., 1990b), and a number of applications for the heterodyne version have been discussed in a meteorological context (Schwiesow et al., 1991).


In this article, the authors describe a prototype of a Learning Analytics Dashboard (LAD) for educators. It is based on the analysis of pedagogical actions and taking into the process and learning style of students in an online environment based on learning analytics (LA). A description of the Dashboard structure, divided into levels and categories based on available learning analytics, will allow the educator to dive deeper into the online course themselves and explore more. It will also allow them to determine the level of student performance, identify gaps in learning materials, and research student data. The authors have identified further directions for the development of a LAD for a professor, including modeling algorithms for researching student behavior and learning style using Artificial Intelligence and presenting LA in a visualized form. This paper shows the stages of creating a professor's LAD prototype as a functional part of the adaptive learning system in the HASKI-System to analyze visual information obtained from LA and the possibilities to monitor the learning process, learning progress, student activity, and make decisions on careful intervention in the students' learning process.


Objective. —To investigate the effect of advancing maternal age on pregnancy outcome among healthy nulliparous women, after adjustment for demographic characteristics, smoking, history of infertility, and other medical conditions. Design. —A population-based cohort study was conducted with prospectively collected data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Patients. —Nulliparous Nordic women (N=173715), aged 20 years and above, who delivered single births at Swedish hospitals from 1983 through 1987. Outcome Measures. —Late fetal and early neonatal death rates; rates of very low birth weight (VLBW, Results. —Compared with women aged 20 to 24 years, women aged 30 to 34 years had significantly higher adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of late fetal deaths (OR=1.4); VLBW (OR=1.2); MLBW (OR=1.4); very preterm birth (OR=1.2); and SGA infants (OR=1.4). Among women aged 35 to 39 years, the adjusted OR was significantly higher for VLBW (OR=1.9); MLBW (OR=1.7); very preterm birth (OR=1.7); moderately preterm birth (OR=1.2); and SGA infants (OR=1.7). Among women 40 years old and older, the adjusted OR was significantly higher for VLBW (OR=1.8); MLBW (OR=2.0); very preterm birth (OR=1.9); moderately preterm birth (OR=1.5); and SGA infants (OR=1.4). Conclusions. —Delayed childbearing is associated with an increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes after adjustment for maternal complications and other risk factors. (JAMA. 1992;268:886-890)


The present theory on righteousness and advantage of contemporary university student is formed under the reforming and open policy environment. But new tendency and stumbl appear in the choice of theory on righteousness and advantage. It mainly showed in " three view " dislocation for lack of guidance in the choice of theory on righteousness and advantage. Deng Xiaoping's theory on righteousness and advantage includes advocating righteousness and advantage, controlling advantage by righteousness, taking advantage by the righteousness etc. Presently, it has the significant theory significance and the practical significance to strengthen the education of scientific outlook on life, education of value view, and the education of world outlook with Deng Xiaoping Theory, specially Deng Xiaoping's theory of righteousness and advantage .


Synthetic polymer films are now becoming widely used in the production of wound electrical capacitors with large capacitances, particularly in electronics applications. The advantages of metallised plastics capacitors are size, performance and cost. Future developments could include the encroachment of these devices into the fields of microminiaturisation and high power.


Additive manufacturing has gained increasing attention in recent years in numerous industrial sectors due to its inherent characteristics, e.g. tool-free production and unprecedented freedom of design. However, in some applications such as heat exchangers the design has to follow certain restrictions, e.g. to allow for the removal of unfused powder, which can be enclosed in cavities. Moreover, in case multi-material parts are considered, the use of different powders during processing is often uneconomical since powder recycling is highly challenging. Therefore, the production of complex structures being characterized by limited accessibility and components made of different materials often require a subsequent joining process. Based on an analysis of state-of-the-art joining technologies employed for additively manufactured metal components, research gaps related to adhesive bonding are deduced. In light of the prevailing gaps, the influence of selective laser melting process parameters like laser power and build direction on the surface topography and, thus, on the bondability of the substrates are investigated. The mechanical tests reveal a high bond strength for the vertically oriented samples and the samples manufactured with a laser power of 400 W. Furthermore, a laser post-treatment of the SLM samples lead to an improvement of lap shear strength. Finally, results reporting on the ageing behaviour of these joints and an outlook on further research activities are given.


Through single hole pumping test to determine ground permeability and influential radius,combined with geological conditions and test process in this test site,it carries on careful analysis,determines the incomplete penetrate well diving in this site,and obtains influential radius through recovering water level.


The nucleation and growth of lead dioxide on titanium substrate has been observed using scanning electron microscopy. The size and morphology of the PbO2 nodules have been measured in an attempt to elucidate the nucleation and growth mechanism. The effects of temperature, current density and fluorine ion addition have been qualitatively determined.


Demographic considerations Elderly people with intellectual disabilities are a small but rapidly growing population [1]. Improved public health measures, access to advances in medical treatments and social reform of the care of people with intellectual disabilities have led to exponential increases in life expectancy over the last century. In 1930 the average life expectancy for those with intellectual disability was barely 20 years but by the 1980s life expectancy had increased to around 60 years [2]. Indeed, for people with mild intellectual disability life expectancy is approaching that of the general population [1]. Women who have mild intellectual disability not due to Down's syndrome, who are ambulant and self caring, have the longest life expectancies, whilst men and those with greater levels of disability have lower life expectancies [3±5]. The average life expectancy for people with Down's syndrome is about 55 years [6].


We review the features of GaN-based FETs and describe their expected development direction, GaN has a high breakdown field, but this does not necessarily mean it is suitable for high-voltage and high-power applications. The main advantage is that it enables scaling down beyond the silicon MOSFET miniaturization limitation from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Thus, fine gate patterns together with a high carrier velocity make GaN-based FETs be suited for millimeter and near millimeter wavelength high-power applications. In addition, by using large-area sapphire substrates, high-performance and low-cost MMICs can be produced on GaN. We expect that such devices will be the key to future advanced wireless communication systems.


The effect of physical performance of the tether on the ability of release tension as well as trend were obtained by theoretical analysis and experiments.Above work was based on aerostat system and capstan with two wheels which had multiple grooves around the outer surface of the wheels.The research provides a reference for capstan design.


SpaceWire interconnection using a backplane which makes a system compact has been investigated. In the backplane interconnection system, high-speed signals are connected between daughter boards via connectors and a backplane. The connectors used to interface the daughter boards and the backplane are key components because the impedance mismatching and the transmission loss in the connector might cause serious waveform distortions of high-speeds signal. In this paper, connectors for the backplane, which have been selected by the space qualified design and compactness, are modelled for various cases of signal and ground pin assignment by the measurement of S-parameters. And, then, the evaluation and the analysis are carried out by the SPICE simulation of the signal transmission between daughter boards via the connectors on the backplane. It was found that the crosstalk is generated at the connector and the characteristic impedance of the connector changes according to the pin assignment. Further, it was confirmed that the investigated connector can be used in backplane systems up to 3Gbps when the pin assignment is designed suitable. 1 CONNECTOR EVALUATION BOARD For on-board equipment, higher-speed signal interconnections are required due to increasing data rates between the boards in the equipment. High-speed SpaceWire interconnection using a backplane which makes a system compact and highperformance has been investigated. The connectors on the backplane are key components because the impedance mismatching and the transmission loss of the connector might cause serious waveform distortions of high-speed signals. Because no high speed backplane connector with space qualified design was found, a backplane connector without guarantee of high frequency performance was selected from the point of view of space use and compactness for SpaceWire backplane interconnection. In order to evaluate the connector, a pair of printed circuit boards (PCBs) has been developed, one PCB corresponds to a backplane and another PCB corresponds to a daughter board. The backplane connector has four row of conducting pins, and consists of a right angle plug and a receptacle. The plug is mounted on the daughter board and the receptacle is mounted on the backboard, respectively. The signal pins of backplane connector are connected to the SMA connectors on the PCB edges through micro-strip lines on PCBs. Fig.1 shows a photograph of the PCBs for evaluation of the backplane connector. Fig.1: PCBs for Evaluation of a backplane connector The pin assignment of the connector can cause the changes of the transmission characteristics and the crosstalk. Eight differential mode signal paths with different pin assignment of signal and ground are arranged within the backplane connector. Fig.2 shows the variations of the pin assignment. Fig.3 shows another differential mode signal path within the same connector surrounded by five single pin signal paths. The arrangement of Fig.3 is used for the evaluation of crosstalk (the differential path is a victim and single pin of a, b, c, d, and e are aggressive). Edge of daughter board


The mixed-phase MoS2 (1T/2H MoS2) with heterostructure exhibited high catalytic activity. The specific ratios of 1T/2H could exhibit optimal performance in various applications. Therefore, more methods need be developed for synthesizing 1T/2H mixed-phase MoS2. Herein, a viable route was studied for the phase transition of 1T/2H MoS2 regulated by H+. Briefly, the commercially available bulk MoS2 was used to obtain 1T/2H MoS2 via chemical intercalation of Li+. Then the residual Li+ around 1T/2H MoS2 was replaced by H+ in acidic electrolytes, owing to the extremely higher charge-to-volume ratio of H+. Thus, the thermodynamically unstable 1T phase lost the protection of residual Li+ and could be re-transforming into the relatively stable 2H phase. The change of the 2H/(2H+1T) ratio was measured using novel extinction spectroscopy, which provides a rapid identification method in comparison with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results revealed that the concentration of H+ influenced the phase transition velocity of MoS2. In particular, the phase transition from 1T to 2H phase in the H+ solution was faster at the beginning, and the higher the H+ concentration in an acidic solution, the faster the increase in 2H content. For an instant, the ratio of the 2H phase was increased by 7.08% in an acidic solution (CH + = 2.00 M) after 1 h, which was several times greater than the case in the distilled water. This finding provides a promising method to easily obtain different ratios of 1T/2H MoS2, which is beneficial for further development of catalytic performance especially in energy generation and storage.


Objective To evaluate the changes of growth hormone(GH), brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and adrenomedullin(ADM) in congestive heart failure patients. Methods The blood samples were obtained from 60 pa-tients with congestive heart failure(CHF) and 30 patients without CHF,and their serum/plasma levels of GH,BNP and ADM were measured by enzyme-labeled immunosorbentassay(ELISA) and radioimmunoassay. At the same time all the patients received colorful Doppler ultrasonocardio-gram to determine left ventricular end-dilation diameter (LVED) and left ventrieular ejection fraction(LVEF). Results The levels of BNP and GH in heart failure group were[(0.83±1.06) μg/L,(115.31±191.16) ng/L] higher than eontrol group[(0.15±0.42) μg/L, (33.51±49.85) ng/L] (t = 2.689, t = 2.765, P 0.05, t = 2.265, P < 0.05); The sensitivities and specificities of BNP were 89.3% and 63.0%; The sensitivities and specificities of GH were 85.7% and 59.3%; The BNP combined with GH were 75.0% and 74.0%. Condusion The combination of GH and BNP is better than application alone in the diagnosis of CHF.

Key words:
Heart failure,congestive; Growth hormone; Brain natriuretic peptide; Adrenomedullin


Honey bees are the most significant pollinators of plants worlwide.
 Importance of plant pollination widely exceeds all other economic benefits of
 modern beekeeping such as production of honey, Royal jelly, propolis,
 beeswax, honeybee venom etc. The issues concerning bees diseases are of
 extreme importance in modern commercial beekeeping. That especially regards
 to the fact that the number of disease agents in bees has considerably
 increased in recent decades. Using international transport, export or import
 of bees and their products, the possibility of entering various agents
 (parasites, bacterias, viruses and fungi) into bee colonies. In recent years
 one of the biggest problems in beekeeping in Asia has become tropilaelaps -
 ectoparasitic bee disease caused by mites of the genus Tropilaelaps. But
 because of prevalent interest in parasites Varroa destructor and Acarapis
 woodi, the threat of mites from Tropileaps family has not been familiar for a
 long period of time. Today, Tropilaelaps is on the list of diseases
 endangering the whole world, made by OIE. There is a real risk of its
 spreading, mostly through trade, that is import of bees, swarms, queen bees,
 bee products and equipment. In the Republic of Serbia, this disease was
 described for the first time in April-May 1981 in bumblebees and bees in
 which a mass infestation with until then unknown parasites was detected. By
 additional analysis there was found out that the parasite in question was
 from Laelapidae (Mesostigmata) family, Tropilaelaps.


The major difference between agroforestry and other agricultural production systems is the greater possibility of managing the agroforestry system or its components to facilitate increased rates of nutrient turnover or transfer within different compartments of the system (NAIR, 1993; NAIR et al., 1995). The objective of this study was to estimates of means of leaf area index (LAI) , height and forage production (FP) in the three periods of collectings in a silvopastoral system in the Brazilian Cerrado Biome. The experiment was conducted in a silvopastoral system, located in a farm called Fidalgo in the county of Confins in Minas Gerais, Brasil. The geographic coordinates of the experimental area of this typical Cerrado biome. The experimental area consists of 1.5 hectares. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu productivity was measured quantitatively and qualitatively for three distinctive periods: the beginning of the drought (May 15 th , 2009), the middle of drought (July 25 th , 2009), period of greatest drought stress, and after the drought (November 23 rd , 2009). In the implantation of the experiment was done a cut for standardization of forage at 30 cm above soil. Twelve random points were selected in each system (SPS and pasture), with a total of 24 points. One meter squared collectors made of steel grids were used to prevent animal interference and were placed at each identified location for forage evaluation. Was performed to evaluate bromatologic compositions of dry matter (DM), Leaf area index (LAI). The test was conducted in a completely randomized design, arranged in a split plot, with six repetitions. This study suggests the presence of the tree species Eucalyptus did not interfere in forage dry matter production. Periods of climatic


This chapter explores the possibility of adopting a data-driven approach to connecting teacher-made assessments with course learning outcomes. The authors begin by describing several key concepts, such as outcome-based education, curriculum alignment, and teacher-made assessments. Then, the context of the research site and the subject in question are described and the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) in this curriculum alignment study is explained. After that, the results of these SEM analyses are presented, and the various models derived from the analyses are discussed. In particular, the authors highlight how a data-driven curriculum model can benefit from input by curriculum leaders and how SEM provides insights into course development and enhancement. The chapter concludes with recommendations for curriculum leaders and front-line teachers to improve the quality of teacher-made assessments.


Consumer law enforcement is high on the European legislator's agenda. The German consumer law enforcement landscape is not unaffected by these European developments. Traditionally, law enforcement in Germany has primarily been carried out by way of civil litigation relying on active consumer associations. The European legislator places some emphasis on public law enforcement. This contribution assesses the German consumer law enforcement landscape in the light of the European legislation and from a law and economics perspective. One crucial aspect concerns the question of whether some public law enforcement of consumer law is necessary to provide a credible enforcement response regarding rogue traders.


Objectives: To study fuzzy almost bi-ideals in near-rings. Methods/Statistical Analysis: We extend the concept of fuzzy almost bi-ideals in semigroup to near-ring. Findings: We discuss some algebraic properties of fuzzy almost bi-ideal and minimal fuzzy almost bi-ideal. Application: This fuzzy almost bi-ideal concept can be used in semiring, ternary semiring etc. *Author for correspondence


[1] The effect of ozone depletion on temperature trends in the tropical lower stratosphere is explored with an atmospheric general circulation model, and directly contrasted to the effect of increased greenhouse gases and warmer sea surface temperatures. Confirming and extending earlier studies we find that, over the second half of the 20th Century, the model's lower-stratospheric cooling caused by ozone depletion is several times larger than that induced by increasing greenhouse gases. Moreover, our model suggests that the response to different forcings is highly additive. Finally we demonstrate that when ozone depletion alone is prescribed in the model, the seasonal cycle of the resultant cooling trends in the lower stratosphere is quite similar to that recently reported in satellite and radiosonde observations: this constitutes strong, new evidence for the key role of ozone depletion on tropical lower-stratospheric temperature trends.


1. All views in this paper are presented only on behalf of those of the author, but not those of People's Bank of China. 2. In order to improve understandability, this paper is written in English and Chinese. The main ideas stated are same in these two editions.


The aim of this paper is to show the complex analysis of electric machine cooling, using a modern method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite elements method (FEM). The main advantage of this solution are lower computational demands compared with commonly used approach based only on CFD analysis. This solution shows using of two simulations based on a coupled one-way solution. First, airflow in the machine was solved to determine velocities in the inner space of the machine. Then thermal analysis was done with respect to results from the flow analysis that was done in previous step. An experimental measurement was performed for verification of this approach and for identification of thermal properties of the machine. The goal is to assess the ventilation impact on the thermal properties of individual parts of the electric machine.


— When the muscle cells are activated electrically or neurologically, a kind of electric potential will be developed which is detected by a device named electromyography (EMG) . The analysis of EMG signals can be utilized by Yoga therapists and physiotherapists who provide corrective therapy to the patients suffering from muscle related weakness and ailments. In this work, hardware module has been designed and developed to acquire EMG signals from healthy controls and subjects in need of posture correction. Four muscles namely right trapezius, left trapezius, right sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and left SCM are identified for EMG signal acquisition. The features of EMG signals like root mean square value, signal power, signal frequency, motor unit potential and simple square integral are computed. Statistical measures like maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation of these features are compared and are found to be significantly useful in analyzing the muscle activity. Support Vector Machine and Random Forest Decision Tree (RFDT) are used for classifying the signals. Classification is carried out on individual muscle signals and the accuracy is found to be highest for Right Trapezium and lowest for Right SCM. Further, classification based on combined features of all the four muscles is found to give accuracy of 88% and 81% for SVM and RFDT respectively. Based on accuracy results obtained using SVM and RFDT, the combination of features of all four muscles has been found to be satisfactory and comparative performance metrics are presented. This novel work can be helpful for treating the subjects with posture related muscular disorders.


This paper deals with unmual set of psychiatric patients who basically sought help for depression. The cases were gathered from Community Mental Health Centre, Hyderabad (2 cases) and from Government Hospital for mental care, Vishakhapatnam (2 cases). All four patients were males who were basically diagnosed as transexuals. Their age range was between 18 and 25. Clinically, associated with depressive symptomatology they also had varying degrees of sleep disturbances, dreams of sex change and sexual involvement , nocturnal emission, masturbation and homosexuality along with somatic and hypo-chondriacal preoccupation. Also these cases weie reported to have enjoyed cross dressing even in social gatherings. Following clinical assessment all the four patients were given a set of psychological tests to assess their intelligence and personality structure. Most of the patients were found to be average in intelligence while one showed slightly below average I.Q_. and another had superior intelligence (Benders and Ravens). Personality tests (MMPI, T.A:T., Rorschach) uniformly revealed social isolation, parent child discord , inadequate and emotionally deprived families, overt homosexuality, transvestic activily, fantasy of flight into feminity and autoerotic activity along with predominant heterosexual panic. Two of the patients had attempted heterosexual coitus and had psychogenic impotency. Detailed inquiry into sex activity revealed all were homosexuals, they being the passive partners during the act. All were enjoying the fantasy of feminity and being with attractive handsome males while engaged in masturbation. One of these patients had an excessive desire for cunni-lingus and his heterosexual contact ended in fellatio and disruption of marriage. One of the patients was of the opinion that he would be satisfied if he could be transformed into a "female" by surgical intervention. CASE ILLUSTRATIONS Case-I : A 25 years old, married but separated biological male from a middle class Hindu family and photographer by occupation had presented with acute depression and one suicidal attempt. He was stout, stalky and walked with feminine gait. He was shy, aloof, preferred to be left alone and cried easily. As a youngster he had masturbated. He played many feminine roles in the school and enjoyed dressing like females. He had homosexual involvement as a passive partner with his brother and had developed depression and despondency following the separation from his homosexual partner which had ultimately led to his leaving the job. After persuation for a period of one year l.e got married to a girl. He obtained a firm promise from …


Abstract: Recent results of QCD studies from the CDF and D0 experiments at the Tevatron {bar p}p collider at Fermilab are presented. The inclusive jet cross section, the internal structure of jets, di-jet angular distributions, di-jet triple differential cross sections, and properties of multi-jet final states are studied and compared with NLO QCD predictions. The comparisons show good agreement between theoretical predictions and the experimental data in general. Some systematic disagreement between LO predictions and the data are observed in di-jet triple differential cross sections. Results of a rapidity gap study are also presented together with an upper limit on the gap fraction. In addition, the inclusive photon cross section and the di-photon cross sections are presented and compared with NLO QCD predictions.


In order to solve the problem of low data accuracy due to UAV height sensing equipment such as GPS, barometer, ultrasound, etc., a control system used on multi-rotor aircraft was designed to achieve UAV autonomous altitude cruise. In response to this problem, we introduce an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and use the IMU to calculate the system acceleration (ACC), and use the Kalman algorithm to predict altitude, thereby eliminating altitude drift caused by insufficient sensor accuracy and errors. In addition, the ADRC-PID joint control algorithm is also introduced to control the attitude of the aircraft, achieve control compensation, and finally control the height of the drone through the three-loop cascade PID.


Introduction: This is a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy with an unusual etiology of retrobulbar anesthesia, evidenced by optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) images. Patient and Clinical Findings: After cataract surgery with a retrobulbar block, a 65-year-old woman experienced sudden dramatic visual reduction with superficial white retinal patches on fundus examination and corresponding capillary bed infarcts on fluorescein angiography and OCT-A. Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes: Using advanced OCT-A, fluorescein angiography imaging, and fundus photography, the patient was diagnosed with Purtscher-like retinopathy. The patient was treated with topical steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops, and antibiotic drops, with gradual and nearly complete resolution of visual acuity. Conclusions: This case represents a rare but possible complication of retrobulbar anesthesia associated with cataract surgery. Despite dramatic changes on OCT-A, and in contrast to other reports with similar characteristic findings, our patient regained significant vision.


The design complexity in consumer embedded systems has changed to new techniques. The System –on-chip consists of many integrated components of high speed data rates. Intercommunication requirements of SOC uses shared bus or a hierarchy of buses because of their poor scalability, System size, energy efficiency requirements and their shared bandwidth between all the attached hardware cores of final products. To overcome the problems of scalability and complexity we proposed the Networks-OnChip (NoCs).TheSoCs, overheads of buses are connected by general-purpose communication architectures. This paper describes that NoCs as a major role in optimizing power consumption, the performance The performance of can be Enhanced by using data compression technique.


In this work, we propose a workflow for quantifying the value of a candidate monitoring strategy for conformance management decisions. A value of information (VOI) analysis framework is constructed by combining a quantitative conformance verification workflow and an economic model via decision tree analysis. The presented workflow is applied to a synthetic case study based on the Smeaheia storage aquifer, where the uncertainty on the transmissibility of an important fault poses a risk to the conformance of the reservoir pressure behaviour. By incorporating information from candidate monitoring configurations to better constrain the forecasts of the ensemble of model realizations used to characterize the inherent geological uncertainties, an assessment of the time-dependent ability of detecting deviations from conforming behaviour is achieved and followed by an economic evaluation of the considered alternatives for pressure control actions. Using data-driven approximations, the analysis can be repeated for several monitoring configurations (type of measurement, location, measurement error and timing of measurement) accounting for plausible outcomes of the analysed measurements. This allows us to determine the expected value of the storage operation for each monitoring configuration, and for possible actions available to the operator for remediating unwanted storage site development. The results obtained show that the value achieved from monitoring depends on both the timing and information content of the measurements. Direct and indirect (imperfect) observations of the quantity of interest for conformance might not always be sufficient to guarantee perfectly accurate conformance statements and conformance management decisions. This highlights the practical value of addressing decision problems in quantitative terms to support the design of CO2 storage systems by gaining insight into the effectiveness of monitoring and corrective actions.


The effects of
partial replacement of wheat flour with young corn ear (YCE) on sensory
properties and glycemic index (GI) of chiffon cake were investigated. Dried YCE
was processed into powdered form and added in chiffon cake formulations to
replace wheat flour partially at concentrations of 0 (control), 10%, 20% and
30%. Protein, ash and dietary fibre contents of chiffon cake added with YCE
powder were increased in line with the levels of YCE used. Even though protein
content of YCE-based cakes increased in line (13.3% to 15.7%) with the levels
of YCE (10% to 30%), but there was no significant difference compared to
control. Sensory evaluation results indicate that partial replacement of wheat
flour with up to 10% is satisfactory as compared to other levels of wheat flour
replacement. Interestingly, addition of YCE at 10% to partially replace wheat
flour resulted in reduction of postprandial blood glucose response. The GI
value for chiffon cake added with YCE was 49 lower than control cake which
recorded GI value at 60. In conclusion, novel food ingredient of YCE can be
incorporated in selected bakery products to enhance nutritional composition
while at the same time help in reducing the GI value. Further investigation on
the addition of YCE into other bakery products in relation to nutrition and
glycemic response effects can also be explored.


In this paper,by using Mawhin continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory,we derive a criterion of the existence of positive periodic solutions for predator-prey diffusive system of two species with time delay and ratio-dependence.Our criterion generalized and improved result obtained by Dong and Ge.


reviously we reported the experimental observation [1] and theoretical simulation {2 of the drastic dependence of the state of polarisation of a neodymium laser passively Q-switched with a Cr4:YAG crystal (see Fig. 1 ,a) on relative orientations in the laser cavity of the passive switch (PS) and an partial polariser (PP). It has been shown that polarisation state of the laser is governed both by relative orientations of the Cr4:YAG PS and of the intracavity PP as well as by the energy density of a giant pulse (GP) in the switch. Complicate behavior of the polarisation state is due to an "interplay" between the PP action (which causes the linear anisotropy of the cavity) and that of the Cr4:YAG crystal (which causes the nonlinear anisotropy of the cavity). In particular, when the cavity parameters are chosen by a suitable manner, one should observe sharp. by 900,jumps ofthe GP polarisation azimuth, while only slight (1°) azimutal tuning ofthe Cr4:YAG crystal about the cavity axis takes place.


The paper introduces the principle and the circuit of prepayment meter based on RFID,discusses the functional process and demonstrates the system chart and part software flow chart.The results of experiments show the prepayment meter assure the high reliability,fast comunication baud rate and good effect in practice.


In this issue of the journal, Stergiou et al. [1] report on a direct comparison of different assessments of blood pressure response to antihypertensive treatment provided by indices such as trough-to-peak ratio (TPR), morning-to-evening ratio (MER) and smoothness index (SI). This was carried out by analysing the data obtained in patients sequentially receiving two antihypertensive agents, according to a randomized cross-over design.


In 1990, William Wallace argued that 'the political and intellectual debates about the dynamics and direction of European integration at the end of the 1980s lack agreed concepts or frames of reference With the major upheavals in Europe which have taken place since 1990 most notably the collapse of the Soviet bloc, German unity, the break-up of the Soviet Union and the signing of the draft Maastricht Treaty confusion as to the future


Barium titanate multilayer thin films were fabricated by sol -gel dip coating method. The films were characterized by x -ray diffraction and optical transmission spectra. Thickness and optical band gap of the film were calculated from the transmission spectrum. The nonlinear optical properties of the films were investigated using a single beam open aperture z-scan technique. The imaginary part of the third order nonlinear susceptibility ? (3) for a ten layer film was found to be -1.4057 x 10 -9 esu. The films used in this study are fabricated by sol-gel dip coating method. The starting materials used for sol preparation are barium acetate and titanium tetra isopropoxide, with isopropyl alcohol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid as solvents. Acetate precursor was selected for barium element as the di- and trivalent anhydrous metal acetates acts as active source of metal oxides and is able to form heteromettalic acetoalkoxides. In this method 1.59g of barium acetate was added to 5ml of 2-ethyl hexanoic acid and refluxed for one hour. The excess acetic acid formed was distilled out. An equimolar amount of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was taken in 20ml of isopropyl alcohol was then added and stirred to obtain a transparent sol. The sol thus prepared was filtered. The substrates were then dipped into the solution and taken out using a stepper motor arrangement. The dipping time was 30 seconds. The withdrawal speed of the substrate from the solution was 5 cm/minute. To get film on one side, the deposition on the other side was carefully wiped using the solvents used for the sol preparation. The thickness of the film was increased by coating multiple layers on the substrate. The dip coated substrates was dried at 80 o C in a laboratory oven. Then it was fired by keeping it for half hour in a furnace set at 600 o C. The drying and firing was repeated after each dip for 10 times to obtain a ten-layer film. XRD of the thin films were recorded using Bruker X-ray diffractometer. The XRD patterns were recorded with 2 theta 20 o to 60 o . The optical transmittance was measured using UV-visible spectrophotometer (Jasco - V570) in the range


A series of synthesized benzophenones possessing pyridine nucleus 8a–l were evaluated for antioxidant activity by in vitro studies through different in vitro models such as DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide free radicalscavenging activity. The antioxidant activity result shows that compound 8k with hydroxy and methyl groups exhibited highest activity. Compounds 8l with amino and methyl groups has shown second highest activity. Further, compounds 8b with fluoro and hydroxy groups, 8e with chloro and hydroxy groups and 8h with iodo and hydroxy groups also exhibited activity next to compounds 8k and 8l..


Some cysteine proteases are expressed in nodules of leguminous plants. AsNodf32, one of the nodulins of Astragalus sinicus, is a cysteine protease of the papain super family and is expressed strongly in mature nodules. To date, functions of proteinases in the nodules have not been clarified. Homologues of AsNodf32 were identified in the EST library of the model legume Lotus japonicus. The expression of homologous proteinase genes was strongly enhanced in mature nodules. Subcellular localization of one of the L. japonicus proteinases, LjCyp2, was studied using tobacco BY-2 cells. The localization of the LjCyp2-GFP-fusion protein changed depending on the cell growth phase. GFP fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of rapidly growing cells while the fluorescence was observed solely in the vacuoles of cells at the stationary phase. Cyclical changes of the localization observed in BY-2 cells may reflect control mechanism of LjCyp2 functions in the nodule.


Based on the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury (SMW) formula and the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) in the iterative solution of the electric field integral equation, a fast preconditioner algorithm is proposed in this letter. The SMW preconditioner is an improved version of the conventional block diagonal preconditioner and can be constructed as a sparse approximate inverse matrix of the impedance matrix to reduce the number of iterations. The CBFM is applied to reduce the storage costs of the compressed impedance and the preconditioner. The reduced preconditioner can efficiently accelerate the matrix-vector product. For validation, the numerical results of several perfect electric conductor objects are obtained to demonstrate the performance of the iterative solution time and the memory requirement of the preconditioner.


This paper proposes a novel control system for the path planning of an omnidirectional mobile robot based on mixed reality. Most research on mobile robots is carried out in a completely real environment or a completely virtual environment. However, a real environment containing virtual objects has important actual applications. The proposed system can control the movement of the mobile robot in the real environment, as well as the interaction between the mobile robot's motion and virtual objects which can be added to a real environment. First, an interactive interface is presented in the mixed reality device HoloLens. The interface can display the map, path, control command, and other information related to the mobile robot, and it can add virtual objects to the real map to realize a real-time interaction between the mobile robot and the virtual objects. Then, the original path planning algorithm, vector field histogram* (VFH*), is modified in the aspects of the threshold, candidate direction selection, and cost function, to make it more suitable for the scene with virtual objects, reduce the number of calculations required, and improve the security. Experimental results demonstrated that this proposed method can generate the motion path of the mobile robot according to the specific requirements of the operator, and achieve a good obstacle avoidance performance.


At the heart of any personalization application, such as Google Now, is a deep model for users. The understanding of users ranges from raw history to lower dimensional reductions like interest, locations, preferences, etc. We will discuss different representations of such user understanding. Going from understanding to application, we will talk about two broad applications recommendations of information and guided exploration - both in the context of Google Now. We will focus on such applications from an information retrieval perspective. Information recommendation then takes the form of biasing information retrieval, in response to a query or, in the limit, in a query-less application. Somewhere in between lies broad declaration of user intent, e.g., interest in food, and we will discuss how personalization and guided exploration play together to provide a valuable tool to the user. We will discuss valuable lessons learned along the way.At the heart of any personalization application, such as Google Now, is a deep model for users. The understanding of users ranges from raw history to lower dimensional reductions like interest, locations, preferences, etc. We will discuss different representations of such user understanding. Going from understanding to application, we will talk about two broad applications recommendations of information and guided exploration both in the context of Google Now. We will focus on such applications from an information retrieval perspective. Information recommendation then takes the form of biasing information retrieval, in response to a query or, in the limit, in a queryless application. Somewhere in between lies broad declaration of user intent, e.g., interest in food, and we will discuss how personalization and guided exploration play together to provide a valuable tool to the user. We will discuss valuable lessons learned along the way.


Problem-based learning (PBL) is widely regarded as a successful and innovative method for engineering education. Since the development of the PBL model at McMaster University in Canada in the late 1960s, many different varieties have emerged. This paper highlights the Dutch approach of directing the learning process through problem analysis and the Danish model of project-organised learning. Various definitions of the concept PBL identify characteristics at the levels of theoretical learning principles, educational models and educational practices. The McMaster±Maastricht PBL model and the Aalborg model of project work share characteristic features such as the theoretical principle of the problem analysis at the basis of the learning process, integration of knowledge and practice, collaboration and group work. Notable differences were found with respect to the type of assignments, assessment methods and organisation of the group work. In comparison to traditional engineering curricula, the PBL models appear to inspire a higher degree of involvement in study activities and, consequently, a higher level of complex comprehension. A possible drawback is the risk of gaps in specific knowledge areas. Therefore, it is crucial that the students in a PBL curriculum become lifelong learners who have learned to take responsibility for their own learning process.


The hyper-connected society, to be developed during the next decades, is facing great challenges. New requirements, that should preserve the well-balanced harmony between natural resources and human capital resources, will involve greater responsibility within the global e-democracy framework. Thus the globalization is a strong influence for enterprise development. Enterprise systems are becoming contextual complex adaptive systems. Such systems rely on complex process models to support enterprise operations. The present paper explores various key aspects of Future Enterprise Systems and discusses their practical implications through a case study involving an application of process mining techniques on streams of events collected from a sensor network.


Kathy M. Sommers, BA, is nursing home administrator, Green Hills Center, West Liberty, Ohio. much caution. However, policy does not always follow caution as may be demonstrated by looking at recent legislation in one particular state. An example follows. In 1986, legislation was enacted in this state with three specific purposes. First, it established a grant program for support of Alzheimer's disease diagnostic and research centers. Second, the bill provided for funding pilot programs in respite care and other support services to provide relief and aid for caregivers. Third, the legislation called for extending certificates of need (CON) up to 3,000 beds to long-term care providers for Alzheimer's units or facilities.


Very high cycle fatigue(VHCF)test of 66 specimens of aluminum alloy LC4CS was done by piezo-electric fatigue testing machine,and the fatigue life data showed that the fatigue life distribution of the alloy under VHCF has a characteristic of duplex peak,which is related to the locations of fatigue crack initiation.For the specimens with shorter fatigue life the fatigue cracks initiate at the defects,such as inclusions and caves,and for the longer ones the cracks initiate near the surfaces of the specimens.This characteristic makes the staircase method measuring the fatigue limit inconsequential,and the fatigue life scatter of the VHCF is far larger than those of low cycle fatigue (LCF)and high cycle fatigue(HCF).


Acknowledgements A note on the text Introduction and agenda 1. The foundations of a project 2. Self-love and the civilizing process 3. Performance principles of the public sphere 4. A world of goods 5. Imposing closure - Adam Smith's problem Epilogue: The Fable's modern fate Bibliography Index.