We theoretically explore mechanisms that can potentially give rise to steady-state negative capacitance in a uniaxial ferroelectric film stabilized by a dielectric layer. The analytical expressions for the steady-state capacitance of a single-domain state are derived within LandauGinzburg-Devonshire approach and used to study the state stability vs. the domain splitting as a function of dielectric layer thickness. Analytical expressions for the critical thickness of the dielectric layer, polarization amplitude, equilibrium domain period and susceptibility are obtained and corroborated by finite element modelling. In the absence of screening charges neither singledomain, nor poly-domain states can exhibit globally-detectable steady-state negative capacitance. We further explore the possible effects of nonlinear screening at the ferroelectric-dielectric interface and show that if at least one of the screening charges is very slow, the total polarization * corresponding author, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com † corresponding author, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 dynamics can exhibit complex timeand voltage dependent behaviors that can be interpreted as a negative capacitance. In this setting, the negative capacitance effect is accompanied by almost zero dielectric susceptibility in a wide voltage range and low frequencies. These results may help to elucidate the fundamental dispute about the possible origin of the quasi-steady-state negative capacitance in thin ferroelectric films, and identify materials systems that can give rise to this behavior.


The overall goal of our project consists of the literature review on tutoring and learning support in distance higher education, published in French and English. In this paper, we describe the first step of this project, accomplished for three following objectives: (1) constitute an open documentary database on tutoring and learning support of distance learners; (2) analyze the concepts of distance learner support and learning support in French-speaking and English-speaking perspectives; (3) present an overall view of the publications contained in the database. The hermeneutic methodology of the literature review process (Boell & Cecez-Kecmanovic, 2014), allowed us to clarify the notion of learner/learning support in both perspectives and to focus the literature review on the subject of learning support/ tutoring in distance programs and courses. The database, available for free access on the web, includes 486 publications on this subject. The results present an overview of the research in both French-speaking and English-speaking perspectives and its evolution between 1974 and 2016, taking into account the organizational and institutional context of distance courses and programs (distance-teaching university vs. on-campus teaching university).


Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a natural phospholipids with the simplest structures, and they are the elements of normal cellular membrane and intermediate of lipid metabolism. Recent studies have indicated that LPA is important intracellular and extracellular signal molecules, and it plays its role when binded with specific receptors. It is associated with the important biological processes, such as neurogenesis, myelination, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor progression.This article reviews the progress in research on the relationship between LPA and its receptors and cerebrovascular diseases.

Key words:
lysophosphatidic acid;  lysophosphatidic acid receptor;  cerebrovascular disease; Gprotein


Surface pitting due to contact fatigue is a major failure mode of many mechanical components, such as various gears and rolling element bearings. Pitting life prediction, therefore, is vital to design and performance/reliability improvements. Conventional prediction methods, commonly found in industrial standards, are based on the Hertzian contact theory under assumptions that surfaces are ideally smooth with no lubrication. The present study aims to develop a von Mises stress-based pitting life prediction approach based on the 3-D line contact mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model recently developed for analyzing various gears, roller/needle bearings, cams and followers and other line-contact components. Pitting life evaluation employs the fatigue life model developed by Ioannides-Harris and Zaretsky et al, using the von Mises stress field obtained. Sample cases are analyzed for model validation, and the life prediction results are compared with available transmission gear test data.


Students Must RiseStruggle in South Africa Before and Beyond Soweto '76Anne Heffernan and Noor Nieftagodien (eds)Wits University Press: Johannesburg, 2016. 224 pp


In this study, an Al/Orange G (OG)/p-Si device was constructed using a solution processing method. The electronic and interfacial features of the Al/OG/p-Si structure under 60Co gamma radiation were determined using the Cheung and Norde techniques. The barrier height (ϕ b), ideality factor (n), and series resistance (Rs) of the Al/OG/p-Si diode were computed from the current-voltage (IV) measurements. Then, the n and ϕ b parameters were extracted as n = 2.65 ± 0.07 and ϕ b = 0.76 ± 0.05 eV from the IV results for the irradiated Al/OG/p-Si structure. It has been seen that these parameters were higher than those of the non-irradiated sample. In addition, it was observed that the rectification ratio of the diode decreased after irradiation, particularly in the wide voltage region. Moreover, the capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements showed that the capacitance values of the irradiated Al/OG/p-Si device increased, and the conductance (G) values in the inversion section for low frequencies increased because of the formation of electron-hole pairs or crystalline changes after irradiation. Furthermore, the irradiated and non-irradiated samples were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and shifts in the diffraction angles and traces of microstructural changes were observed in the irradiated samples. Thus, it has been found that the radiation has remarkable effects on the dielectric parameters and the electronic and microstructural features of the Al/OG/p-Si structure.


Among many agrobased cottage industries in India sericulture has been promoted as an agro-based, labor intensive, rural oriented cottage industry, providing gainful employment mainly to the weaker and marginalized section of the society specially tribal. Sericulture occupies the place of pride in the rural economy can be practiced even with very low land holding, low gestation, high returns make sericulture an ideal program, requiring little capital investment. In 2010-2011 the employment in sericulture sector was 72.5 lakh persons. The involvement of landless rural people in tasar sericulture is because they understood its potential for rural and tribal upliftment. This article demonstrates that certain developmental initiatives have been playing an important role in the socio-economic progress of tribal masses in Raigarh district and explains the increased returns from sericulture as a result of development programs. The study concludes with some suggestions to improve the long term feasibility of sericulture. Keywords—Development, Employment, Income, Sericulture, Tribal, Tasar,


&NA; Following the vision screening of all mental patients in a U.S. Veterans Administration Psychiatric Hospital 39 schizophrenic patients were determined to have severe, long standing uncorrected distance habitual vision (20/70 or worse) of a refractive nature. The nurse evaluation of these patients after a period of wearing spectacle prescriptions shows a tendency toward improved mental health.


In this commentary, Don Holmquest, speaking from the perspective of a state- wide regional health information organization (RHIO), responds to papers by Robert Miller and Bradley Miller and by David Brailer on lessons learned from the Santa Barbara County Care Data Exchange project and its subsequent demise. He posits that one of the critical lessons learned through the Santa Barbara experience is the need for a careful analysis of who benefits from health information exchange as part of creating a sustainable business model for health information exchange projects. (Health Affairs 26, no. 5 (2007): w592- w594 (published 1 August 2007; 10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.w592))


Objective To understand the knowledge,behavior and demand of tuberculosis( TB) prevention and control among senior 3 students in Quzhou as scientific basis of health education and health promotion strategies for TB prevention and control. Methods Cluster random sampling method was applied to select 1 036 senior 3 students from 6 high schools( 4 schools in urban area and 2 in rural area) in Quzhou. All the students were surveyed about their knowledge,behavior and demand related to TB prevention and control. Results The awareness rate of the core knowledge on TB prevention among senior 3 students was 39. 28%. The rate for female student( 44. 21%) was higher than that for male students( 35. 32%) and the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 01). Students from urban schools had higher awareness rate of the knowledge of TB treatment sites,free policy,and whether the disease could be cured or not than students from rural schools,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 01). Students from urban schools also had higher behavior formation rate on " see the doctor timely when cough over two weeks", " see the doctor in designated hospitals" and " do not spit everywhere" than students from rural schools,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 01). The most preferred approaches to get TB prevention and control knowledge for students were lectures,promotional materials,internet,television and broadcast,newspaper,and friends exchange in turn. There were no significant difference between students from different area. Conclusion The awareness rate and behavior formation rate of TB prevention and control among senior 3 students in Quzhou are relatively low while these rates for students from rural schools are significantly lower than that of students from urban schools. Advocacy work need to be designed based on the characteristic of high school students and the work in rural schools should be reinforced in particular.


The aim of this study is to examine football supporting in terms of social identity theory while giving informations about  how the  membership of supporter group effects individual behaviour in the group and adopting social identity by joining the group. We and They polarization of the political, religious, or as the result of a variety of social conflict;  between supporters of rival football teams may also occur. In thinking of "We" every characteristics of the supporter group and clup, which the fans feel a sense of belonging, are enriching by them  while the color of their opponent's shirt, club presidents dating back to the wide range of assets are seen as intolerable rivals icons. Between fans of rival teams, "group centralist" aspect which is based fanatism and supporting football team and also similar to ethnic centralist point of view which is seen between disputing ethnic groups is dominating. Key words: We-They, Etnosentrizm, Football Supporting, Social Identity, Social Categorization, Dehmanization


The revamping of computing curricula has brought topics that had rarely been taught previously to primary school children, such as principles of functioning of the Internet. Before new lessons can be prepared for children, mapping their preconceptions about respective topics is often useful. Here, we mapped preconceptions about the functioning of the Internet among 28 5th graders and 28 9th graders in the Czech Republic through clinical interviews. Altogether, we identified 112 preconceptions and, unlike in previous works, we organised about half of the most prevalent ones into the form of mental maps; this among two groups of children: those with less vs. more knowledge about the Internet.


Many industrial companies continue to face global uncertainties in demand and failures in supply. The main purpose of this research is to design and optimize a supply chain network (SCN) that performs under completely uncertain environment. In this paper, three advanced meta-heuristic algorithms based on Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS), POWELL, and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) are used to solve the optimization problem. A real-life case study for a steel manufacturing integrated supply chain is used to demonstrate the efficiency of the model and the solutions obtained by meta-heuristic algorithms. The objective was to maximize the total profit of supply chain network under disruption conditions. The presented mathematical modeling provides an understandable overview of the system for managers to make appropriate decisions to achieve the maximum profit. Findings revealed that advanced meta-heuristic algorithms were the most efficient technique to solve the proposed model when compared with the traditional method.


A conference meeting held in Accra, Ghana, involved a discussion of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention. The conference focused on the need to evolve specific strategies to lighten the burden of disease, to set up a technical resource network on the continent and identify people who would serve as resources. It also worked on strategies for the development of a regional STDs program. The workshop produced viable and innovative strategies for approaching young people, women, and other vulnerable groups in order to enable them to make better choices about STDs. Meanwhile, in Lusaka, Zambia, Health Minister Nkandu Luo encouraged those attending the workshops to involve the general public in their deliberations.


The color and appearance of food are the first fundamental attributes, if not the most important, to be evaluated by consumers at the time of its acquisition. The food can be more nutritious, safer and more economical, however, if it is not ttractive, its acquisition will not occur. Basically, salmon is a white fish that becomes pink by eating shrimp. The stored red pigment existing in the shrimp muscle or shell, which is accumulated in the adipose tissue, is acquired through the ingestion of algae and unicellular organisms by the marine shrimps. The carotenoids employed in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and feed industries are natural colorants responsible for providing yellow, orange and red colors. As the salmon raised in aquaculture do not have access to the organism above mentioned, the astaxanthin (ATX), a substance that
gives a pinkish color to salmon meat, is added to their feed. ATX (3,3'-dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4, 4'-dione) is a oxygenated carotenoid pigment which confers the characteristic reddish-pink coloration
to certain fish, crustaceans, birds and microorganisms. The ATX has potent activity in removing the free radicals and protecting against the lipid peroxidation and the damage caused by oxidation of cell and
tissues membranes.


Abstract The histopathology of Entomophaga grylli pathotype 2-infected tissues was investigated. Fat body, male reproductive system, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and skeletal muscle of infected and uninfected grasshoppers were compared to determine the pathological events during the infection. The pathotype 2 protoplasts adhered to fat body and penetrated neural tissue early in the infection, whereas the skeletal muscle was penetrated after host death. Ultrastructural examination of infected fat body suggested one contributing cause of death was nutrient depletion.


Imbalanced learning is a common problem in data mining. There is a different distribution of data samples among other classes in the imbalanced datasets. It's a challenge for standard algorithms designed for balanced class distributions. Although there are various strategies to solve this problem, generating artificial data to achieve a relatively balanced class distribution is universal rather than directly modifying specific classification algorithms. The oversampled data can be combined with any user-specified algorithm without any restrictions. In this paper, we present a novel oversampling method, Global Data Distribution Weighted Synthetic Oversampling Technique (GDDSYN). By applying clustering, optimizing the selection criteria of the minority class samples that are used to generate synthetic samples, avoiding generating more noise samples. GDDSYN assigns weights for the number of synthetic samples to tackle the within-class imbalance and between-class imbalance simultaneously, according to the informative level of the sample and the sparsity of the cluster to which the sample belongs. The use of scores with Silhouette Coefficient and Mutual Information helps the k-means algorithm set a reasonable number of clusters for the minority and majority classes respectively so that the clustering effect can be guaranteed. Next, by using clustering information, synthetic samples' generation path is improved to avoid class overlap. Additionally, GDDSYN has been evaluated extensively on 10 artificial and 10 real-world data sets. The empirical results show that our method is outperforms or comparable with some other existing methods in terms of assessment metrics when artificial data generated by GDDSYN are used.


The management of the high level radioactive waste is an issue which generates multifaceted conflicts. These conflicts are multi-determined, but are nonetheless, based on a myriad of associated concerns including but not exclusive to: effects of radiation on public health and safety, uncertainty associated with long-term assessments and effects, confidence in technology and in government and industry to protect public health and safety, and concerns regarding concurrent and intergenerational equity. These concerns are likely to be deeply felt by the many potential actors and stakeholders who will be impacted during the process of site selection for a nuclear waste disposal facility. Because this site selection is sure to be a controversial undertaking, it is in the interests of those who wish to promote the use of the high-level radioactive waste disposal concept, to understand fully the potential for conflict and consider alternative means of proactively preventing and/or resolving conflicts.


It is introduced the design,the system and the function of DanSMMS,and analyzed the OCX short message controlling factors,system software,procedures of seismic data treating and monitoring.Through the application of this system,it shows that it is well connected with the intelligent operation and remote monitoring.


ABSTRACT: The kturbulence model is routinely used by wind engineers to computationally model the Atmospheric Boundary-Layer (ABL). Commercial software is typically used, with the default law of the wall used to model the rough ground surface. By setting appropriate profiles for wind velocity and the turbulence quantities at the inlet, it is often assumed that the boundarylayer will be maintained up to the buildings or obstructions in the flow. This paper shows that this is not the case, even in the absence of obstructions, and that the velocity and turbulence profiles decay along the fetch under these default conditions. By revisiting previous work, it is shown that the neutral ABL can be maintained along a lengthy fetch but only with a modified law of the wall and with a shear stress applied to the top boundary of the domain.


The present invention is a method and apparatus for transmitting pre-fetch command over memory bus, discloses a processing system and method, wherein the processor may be configured to: a memory address predicted to be required from the data, the memory controller transmitting the pre-fetch command for the data at the memory address in the prediction, the data at the memory address is predicted if needed, then sends a read request for data to the memory controller.


Acknowledgements Preface Listening overlooked Chapter 1 Listening in and listening out Chapter 2 The modernisation of listening Listening in the age of spectacle Chapter 3 Listening in good faith: recording, representation and the real Chapter 4 Listening amid the noise of modernity Chapter 5 Listening live: the politics and experience of the radiogenic Ways of listening Chapter 6 The privatisation of the listening public Chapter 7 The politics and practices of collective listening Listening in the public sphere Chapter 8 The public sphere as auditorium Chapter 9 Media and the ethics of listening Endnotes Bibliography Index


Objective To study the effects of rb - bFGF in curing recurrent oral ulcer. Methods 116 patients were observed, in which 60 with rb - bFGF were regarded as experimental group and 56 with usual curing as controls. Results The effects of the experimental group were better than those of controls. Conclusion The above findings showed that it was obviously effective that the rb - bFGF cured recurrent oral ul-


ALMA will revolutionize the study of star formation by providing a combination of angular resolution and sensitivity that far exceeds that of present instruments. I will focus on studies of relatively isolated cores that are forming low-mass stars. There is a general paradigm for the formation of such stars, and there are detailed theoretical predictions for the evolution of the density and velocity fields for different assumptions about the initial conditions. Because the theory is well developed, observational tests are particularly revealing. The primary probes of physical conditions in these regions are discussed and the sensitivity of ALMA to these probes is shown and compared to the current state of the art. The consequences for the ALMA requirements are discussed.


Numerous factors affect the nature and structure of a country's legal system and the viability of legal transplants. Various theories have been advanced to predict the viability of legal transplants in specific contexts, including the study of the influence of sociocultural factors on law and the 'mirror theory' of law. This work posits that the multiple factors affect transplantability and they cannot be narrowed down into a 'formula' to predict the viability of a particular transplant in one context as compared to another. In the circumstances, although the theories make an important contribution to the discourse on the transferability of legal models around the world, there is an inherent limitation in broad theories in that they fail to speak to the specificities of local contexts. To that end, they invite further and rigorous inquiry into context---specific analyses to facilitate the gradual harmonization of legal structures, which has proved an important goal of law governing economic activities of local, regional and global actors. paper explores some of these questions through a cross---jurisdictional study of five former colonies of the United Kingdom to trace the development and application of the principle of undue influence. The jurisdictions studied include Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, India and Australia to test the reception, effectiveness and rootedness of this doctrine in light of unique cultural, religious and political contexts of the countries. The paper presents an analysis of the factors that influence a finding of undue influence as discerned through decided cases and compares the outcomes with similar cases presented in the UK and Australia. In conclusion, the paper offers insights on the factors that impact the viability of legal transplants in the Asian context in different areas of law.


Recently there has been a great deal of interest in promoting sports as a medium for youth development. Typically, this means that sports involvement is believed to facilitate the acquisition of important life skills and attitudes in children that can generalize beyond sports to other important areas of their lives. Despite such beliefs, Petitpas, Cornelius, Van Raalte, and Jones (2005) argue that there has been relatively little empirical information about how program activities and processes relate to such outcomes. They also point out that when pre-activity differences among participants are controlled, the effects of sport involvement on developmental outcomes are often reduced or eliminated. Consequently, the purpose of this paper was to provide a framework for programming, research, and evaluation that connects the quality and content of sports programming to specifi c developmental outcomes.


ABSTRACT Nowadays, mechanical engineers heavily depend on mathematical models for simulation, optimization and controller design. In either of these tasks, reduced dimensional formulations are obligatory in order to achieve fast and accurate results. Usually, the structural mechanical systems of machine tools are described by systems of second-order differential equations. However, they become descriptor systems when extra constraints are imposed on the systems. This article discusses efficient techniques of Gramian-based model-order reduction for second-order index-1 descriptor systems. Unlike, our previous work, here we mainly focus on a second-order to second-order reduction technique for such systems, where the stability of the system is guaranteed to be preserved in contrast to the previous approaches. We show that a special choice of the first-order reformulation of the system allows us to solve only one Lyapuov equation instead of two. We also discuss improvements of the technique to solve the Lyapunov equation using low-rank alternating direction implicit methods, which further reduces the computational cost as well as memory requirement. The proposed technique is applied to a structural finite element method model of a micro-mechanical piezo-actuators-based adaptive spindle support. Numerical results illustrate the increased efficiency of the adapted method.


The analysis of systems of telematics of commercial transport is provided in article, the factors influencing its application ways of development of the systems "Fleet management" in Russia are offered and also the pilot model of telematic system, more available from the economic point of view, with function of forecasting of technical condition of the rolling stock on the basis of expert system is presented.


: An initial registration algorithm for point clouds combining two-dimensional sequence images is proposed to solve the problem that the existing algorithms are difficult to accurately register the point clouds with small overlapping area. The gray-scale images and point cloud data of physical surface are obtained based on the mobile three-dimensional measurement method. It depends on the principle of perspective projection that the position of a camera in the local coordinate system of a point cloud is located, and a transformation matrix that transforms the point cloud to the corresponding camera coordinate system is obtained. The image feature points and their matching points are used as matching pairs, the external parameters of the camera are globally optimized by reconstructing the sequence images, and then the point cloud registration is realized according to the initial registration formula. The results of experiment show that the method can correctly register the point cloud with small overlapping area and significantly improve the robustness and efficiency of the registration process.


A new wavelength tunable laser diode with a basically continuous tuning behavior is presented. This essential progress is achieved by transversely tuning the effective index of a distributed feedback laser using a twin waveguide. Due to the built‐in synchronization of the Bragg wavelength and the optical cavity length, the wavelength is controlled by only a single current. The device technology and preliminary experimental results demonstrating the transverse tuning mechanism are presented.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of stakeholder evaluation.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents an overview of the relevance and value of stakeholder analysis and provides a list of key factors for consideration when carrying this out.Findings – The importance of stakeholder analysis as a component in change management within a business strategy is revealed.Originality/value – The paper presents useful information on the importance of stakeholder evaluation and key factors for consideration.


Summary: This article discusses Stefan Kuhl's organizational interpretation of simulated brutalities. Kuhl claims that in famous social psychological experiments like Stanley Milgram's obedience studies or Philipp Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment the researchers unintentionally set up organizational systems, and he asserts that this fact explains the brutal behavior exhibited in the studies. Against Kuhl it is argued that his interpretation is fundamentally misguided and that Kuhl's approach adds no new insights to the already existing social psychological explications. The reason for Kuhl's failure is an abridged understanding of basic organizational terms in connection with an upward reductionist explanatory strategy.


Background To compare the clinical characteristics of Crohn's disease (CD) and primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL), to find out valuable, relevant indicators for differential diagnosis. Methods The clinical, endoscopic and pathological data of 67 cases (54 cases of Crohn's disease and 13 cases of primary intestinal lymphoma) admitted by the PLA Army General Hospital in the last seven years were analysed retrospectively. Results The average age of CD was lower than that of PIL, but the course of CD was longer than that of PIL (p<0.01). Abdominal pain, oral ulcers, perianal lesions, history of surgery (appendectomy or intestinal resection), and multi-site lesions were more common in CD than in PIL (p<0.05). Abdominal mass, abdominal distension, single-site lesion was more common in patients with PIL than in CD (p<0.05). The clinical manifestations of intestinal lymphoma were mostly mass type (53.8%), and onsets in the ileocecal junction and terminal ileum were more common (69.2%). The biopsy diagnosis rate of PIL was 92.3%, while 85.1% of CD's pathological manifestations were non-specific inflammation. So the biopsy diagnosis rate of PIL was significantly higher than that of CD (p<0.05). Two patients were initially diagnosed with CD based on the clinical comprehensive analysis. The clinical symptoms disappeared, and the colonoscopy achieved mucosal healing after treatment. But the patients' symptoms repeated, and they were eventually diagnosed as PIL. Conclusions The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of Crohn's disease (CD) and primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) are similar, but they have their own characteristics. Therefore, the differential diagnosis is difficult. The diagnosis of CD is more supported by young, long course of the disease, abdominal pain, oral ulcers, perianal lesions, history of surgery (appendectomy, resection), and multi-site lesions. Short disease duration, abdominal mass and single-site lesion are more common in PIL. Biopsy diagnosis rate of PIL is higher than that of CD. In the case of the diagnosis of PIL after CD treatment, misdiagnosis, a combination of the two and drug induction should be considered.


Driver drowsiness contributes to many car crashes and fatalities in the United States. Machine learning algorithms have shown to help in detecting driver drowsiness. We try different machine learning algorithms on a dataset collected by the NADS-1 [1] simulator to detect driver drowsiness. We generate different aggregation features on the time-series data and evaluate the performance of the feature sets. We find that aggregation at the more fine-grained "perevent" level improves the outcome of classification compared to the high-level "per-run" aggregation.


Abstract. A new beetle species Notocupes pingi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) is described from the well-known fossil site of Daohugou. With more than fifty species, Notocupes is the biggest Mesozoic genus of beetles but had not been previously found at this locality.


AbstractThis paper presents a design approach to analyze the effects of lateral loads on piles embedded in a layered frozen soil profile. This design approach makes use of a commercially available computer program that uses p-y curves to model lateral pile loading and soil interaction. Shear strength and strain criteria for both fine-grained and coarse-grained frozen soil are presented for use in constructing p-y curves. These strength criteria are parameterized based on frozen soil temperature and load duration. Inuvik lateral pile load test measurements and deflections calculated using the strength criteria are compared. This comparison indicates that reducing shear strengths by a safety factor of 1.22 will ameliorate most unaccounted-for variations in soil profile. Deflections and moments are also calculated using the strength criteria for two Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, lateral pile load cases.


The advanced design of a 10 × 1 linear antenna array system with the capa-bility of frequency tunability using GT3-23001 liquid crystal (LC) is pro-posed. The design for this reconfigurable wideband antenna array for 5G ap-plications at Ka-band millimeter-wave (mmw) consists of a double layer of stacked patch antenna with aperture coupled feeding. The bias voltage over LC varies from 0 V to 10.6 V to achieve a frequency tunability of 1.18 GHz. The array operates from 25.3 GHz to 33.8 GHz with a peak gain of 19.2 dB and a beamwidth of 5.2° at 30 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable antenna ar-ray represents a real and efficient solution for the recent and future mmw 5G networks. The proposed antenna is suitable for 5G base stations in stadiums, malls and convention centers. It is proper for satellite communications and radars at mmw.


The article describes the process of heat transfer sleeve bearing of pressure-treated wood, impregnated with pairs of tetrahedral nickel carbonyl is running in a self-lubricating and, based on mathematical tools for creating opportunities of thermal calculation of the friction based on operating conditions


In the present work, the susceptibility of wild and domesticated plants of Momordica charantia to viruses from the genus Potyvirus that cause diseases in papaya (Carica papaya) and cucurbit crops was evaluated. The plants were subjected to experimental and natural infection with Papaya ringspot virus types P and W (PRSV-P and PRSV-W) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). None of the potyviruses infected the wild type of M. charantia through mechanical or aphid inoculation or under field exposition, whereas the domesticated type was only infected by isolates of ZYMV. In addition, both wild and domesticated types of M. charantia were not infected in natural conditions by an isolate of Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus, genus Tospovirus, transmitted by Frankliniella zucchini. These data clearly indicated that this wild type of M. charantia does not seem to have a role in the epidemiology of the diseases caused by these three potyviruses in Brazil.


We present an analysis of the single-sided linear induction motor with a solid-steel reaction plate. By solving for the two-dimensional field distribution in the airgap and in the secondary, the mutual reactance and secondary impedance are determined. The saturable characteristics of the rail steel, together with the hysteresis, the skin effect, the reaction of eddy currents, and both transverse edge and longitudinal end effects are included. Computations for motoring and for plugging operation under constant-current conditions are compared with experimental results from a large-scale test linear machine, and good agreement is obtained. The analysis, which can also be used for constant-voltage excitation, is valid over a wide range of operating conditions, and is useful for design studies.


The Open-Door Policy was adopted more than three decades ago. During this period, Chinese society has become more open and reasonably affluent. While economic performance has eclipsed other forms of collective endeavour, institutional progress has not been altogether absent. A rule of man has given way to a rule by law, albeit not a rule of law in the strict sense of the term, and State failure has selectively been grappled with. However, corrupt practices have not diminished materially and continue to pose manifold risks. Considerable headway has been made in exploring them from a political and sociological perspective, but economic insights have been slower to emerge. The principal-agent model has been invoked with a degree of consistency and methodically in recent years and may contribute to the understanding of the subject if applied across the entire organisational spectrum, market and non-market, and within an effective problem-solving framework.


ABSTRACT Effect of a pulsed electric current on the distribution of Al2O3 inclusions in liquid steel is explored; these inclusions ranged in size from micrometres to nanometres. When no electric current was applied, the inclusions were randomly distributed in the steel. However, when an electric current was applied, the inclusions were found in highly populated regions near the various interfaces. Moreover, this process applies to a wide range of inclusion diameters, in contrast to conventional inclusion removal methods which tend to apply to larger (>20 μm) particles only. Consequently, the application of pulsed electric current provides a method of removing inclusions from the steel and thereby improving the mechanical, physical and corrosion resistance properties of the steel. This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.


Russia and the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) are in different geopolitical areas nowadays. After the Soviet Union collapse Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia choose Euro-Atlantic way of integration. The strategy of Russia is to protect its interests in pos-soviet area and to be a "point of power" in this region. Different geopolitical vectors determine possible conflict situations between Russia and the Baltic States. In this term of conditions an image of one country (or group of countries) in public opinion of another country residents become most important. The mass media is one of key players in process of construct a public opinion. In this case the role of Internet mass media is particularly important, because it's dynamic, fast growing sector of global information. The image of the Baltic States in Russian mass media is mostly negative. The basic keynotes in this image construction are: historical dimension ("Nazism" in the Baltic States), dimension of Russian-speaking minority ("breach of minority rights"), "incompetence" of the Baltic States officials in foreign or domestic policy (when it concern to Russia interests). Russia is also often highlighted as "side of conflict" even in cases of Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian local affairs. Note aspects of image of the Baltic States are fixated in consciousness of Russian society. It's significant disadvantage in the way of political, cultural and humanitarian affairs development between Russia and Baltic states.


This book is written as an introduction to the wonderful world of Asian orchids for the orchid grower and for all people who love flowers. It describes the most important orchid tribes of the Asian lowlands with basic essential information on their cultural needs, hybridization, diseases, and the aesthetic appreciation of these orchids. When the first edition of this book was released in Australia, a reviewer remarked that there was enough material to fillthree books. In this second edition, Dr. Teoh has added fine new photographs of orchid hybrids, and three new chapters to cover commercial orchid farming, cut flower care, and the medicinal and scientific uses of orchids.


Partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I(mtDNA COI)region was sequenced from 37 individuals of sterile males and wild males of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hende1)from 7 different regions of Fujian Province.The 650bp sequence was obtained in which 72 variable sites and 32 haplotypes with 3 shared were identified.Phylogenetic trees of haplotypes were constructed by N-J method and the tree showed that all haplotypes did not accord with their regions.At the same time,the genetic differentiation index(Fst)and genetic distance(Da)of all tested objects were also studied.Results showed that genetic differences existed among all tested B.dorsalis(Hende1),but the degree was still low.For application SIT to control B.dorsalis(Hende1),it is important to introduce wild B.dorsalis(Hende1)from different areas to rejuvenate the mass rearing strain in laboratory to ensure the sterile males could have equal ability when compete with wile males for wild females to mate.


An ideal experiment for a uniaxial magnetic sample measured in a torque magnetometer is analyzed by means of an angular transformation over the measurement plane. By using this transformation the torque curves are developed in Fourier's series. This development permits the finding of an analytical solution for the angular variation of the magnetization with respect to the field. Furthermore, an uniaxial anisotropy measured in a finite field is expressed as an infinite superposition of n‐axial anisotropies whose constants are functions of the field. From this the general problem of a composite anisotropy in a heterogeneous magnetic object constituted of uniaxial uncoupled regions can be studied.


ABSTRACT
The present research is developed based on the international regulations proposed by the Basel Committee, known as the New Capital Agreement (Basel II), which aims to standardize the measurement systems that allow estimating the capital requirement that faces the possible losses that result from an inadequate management of the risks that, in one way or another, are always present in the intermediation activities of the financial entities. Each country will adapt these regulations with legal character, being the Superintendency of Banking, Insurance and AFP, the one in charge of supervising the adaptation and its compliance by the financial entities.
The relationship between the New Capital Agreement (Basel II) and the Capital Requirement of Caja Trujillo from 2013 to 2017 has been investigated, where it has been determined that Caja Trujillo is obligated to allocate part of its capital to cover unexpected losses arising from the risks assumed: the higher the risk, the greater the capital requirement to cover them.
The components involved in calculating the Capital Requirement are: Regulatory Capital or Effective Equity conformed by Capital Levels, and the Effective Capital Requirement for each risk: Credit, Market and Operational, which will be estimated by means of Internal Methods (own of the entity) or Standardized methods that have fixed weights according to the different types of exposures.
In Peru, the regulations proposed by Basel II have legal support, which makes compliance mandatory.


The separation and characterization of peptic and chymotryptic peptides of egg white lysozyme by phosphocellulose chromatography has been reported (1). In addition, a group of 18 different tryptic peptides of lysozyme, the total composition of which approximates that of the whole protein, has been characterized (2). This communication reports further studies that define a unique sequence for these tryptic peptides, representing the entire polypeptide chain of egg white lysozyme. Additional data are reported from which the complete amino acid sequence may be deduced. The general plan that has been followed in these experiments has been to study, in detail, the chymotryptic and peptic fragments that contained lysine and arginine in order to obtain information that would establish the sequence of the complete set of tryptic peptides. To complement these data, the isolated tryptic peptides were digested with chymotrypsin, subtilisin, and pepsin to provide a matching set of peptides. Once the tryptic peptides were aligned, the rest of the peptides could then be assigned to their respective regions, and selective end group studies could be used to establish the exact position of each of the amino acid residues along the entire polypeptide chain.


We owe a debt of gratitude to Marian for clarifying the resplendent yet rather unspecified title of our gathering, "The Transcendent Value of the Liberal Arts." Marian focuses on contemplation and friendship, and I'd like to reflect on those two themes as well. There are other exciting topics that Marian's paper invites further reflection upon. Some of her passing remarks could be the focus of an entire response. Perhaps my favorite was the Simone Weil quotation about prayer as attention, "the orientation of all the attention of which the soul is capable toward God." Or we could reflect upon the subtle but I think extraordinarily significant alteration she makes to our title. Rather than transcendent value she speaks of transcendent hope. A liberal arts education at a Catholic college or university does indeed witness to the transcendent. God willing, our institutions point beyond themselves to larger truths, most importantly truths about God. And such a witness does indeed engender hope, since we profess faith in a God of love, a God whose very essence is a self-giving loving communion of persons, and who invites us to and makes possible the sharing of that fullness of life. That sharing happens in a manner that is only complete in a life that transcends this present life, but also in a manner that is transformative of our individual and communal lives in this world. And this is indeed a source of hope. So there is indeed much here. But I'd like to continue Marian's reflections on contemplation and friendship as well as the relationship between them, as they are


The rumor propagation analysis and important nodes detection is a hot topic in complex network under crisis situation. The traditional propagation model does not consider enough states, so it cannot intact reflect the real world. In this paper, a new rumor propagation model which considers the Wiseman and the Truth Spreader is proposed based on the Graph Theory. Then, 3 new methods are proposed to find important nodes in the new model. These methods consider the differences between nodes to evaluate the importance of the nodes. Finally, 4 networks are demonstrated to show that the 3 proposed methods are useful to control rumor propagation.


Abstract : The mission of the Naval Data Automation Command (NAVDAC) is to administer and coordinate the Navy non-tactical ADP program. NAVDAC's principal objectives in fulfilling this mission are to improve the effectiveness of Navy ADP systems and to improve the overall management of the Navy's ADP resources. This thesis examines guidelines from the General Accounting Office (GAO) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) which indicate a dissatisfaction with the current cost accounting practices within the Navy ADP program. NAVDAC currently operates under the Resource Management System (RMS), and this thesis concluded that their cost accounting system was not designed to meet the GAO guidelines and accumulate the full costs of ADP services necessary to facilitate management decision making. This thesis further concluded that the Navy Industrial Fund (NIF) was a viable alternative to RMS for NAVDAC, and that NIF would meet the GAO guidelines. (Author)


Abstract This paper is concerned with geometric decay properties of the joint queue length distribution A n 1 , n 2 ) in two-stage tandem queueing system P H / P H / q -+ /PH/c2 . We prove that, under some conditions, p h n 2 ) C(n2)r]n1 as nl -+ ca and p (n l , n2 ) C ( n i ) F 2 as n2 -+ ca. We also obtain the asymptotic form of state probabilities when nl is large or when n2 is large. These results prove a part of the conjecture of a previous paper [l]. The proof is a, direct application of a theorem in [7] which proves geometric decay property of the stationary distribution in a quasi-birth-and-death process with a countable number of phases in each level.


[Objective]To investigate effect of sufentanil combined with propofol for fiberbronchoscopy on haemodynamics and arterial blood gas values.[Methods]80 patients undergoing fiberbronchoscopy were divided into two groups randomly:group F(fentanil + propofol,n = 40)and group S(sufentanil + propofol,n = 40).Parameters including heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),saturation of blood oxygen(SpO2),arterial blood gas values,dose of propofol,duration of the procedure,waking time and score of Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation(OAA/S)scale were recorded before administration of anesthetics and 3min,6min,9min,12 min after that.[Results]There were no significant differences in the age,body weight,dose of propofol and the total examine time between the two groups(P﹥0.05).The HR,MAP,PaO2,SaO2 decreased significantly after drug administration in both groups(P﹤0.05),which was more notable in group F.The PaCO2 increased significantly after drug administration in group F(P﹤0.05),but no significant change in group S(P﹥0.05).[Conclusion]Sufentanil combined with propofol could offer a good anesthesia effect during fiberbronchoscopy with stable haemodynamics and less respiratory depression.


Even though there are coincidences between Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein's ideas concerning ethics, their projects are not identical. The main purpose of this article is to highlight that Kierkegaard's conception of ethics has nothing to do with the early Wittgenstein's understanding of it. While in the  Tractatus it is not possible to develop any "ethical theory", Kierkegaard allows us to discuss it from an ethical point of view. Therefore, the relationship between indirect communication and the notion of "showing" does not represent an identity.


Collaborative robots need to safely control their physical interaction with humans. However, in order to provide physical assistance to humans, robots need to be able to predict their intent, future behaviour and movements. We are currently tackling these questions in our research within the European H2020 Project AnDy.


virus enteritis described by Gordon (1954). Its more general recognition might protect some infants from the misapplication of antibacterial drugs, which appear to be ineffective in treatment. Our experience has been that sulphonamides often provoke vomiting, but seldom control the diarrhoea. The summer incidence of diarrhoea, as represented by the numbers of stool specimens sent to the laboratory, was lower than that in winter. Epidemic steatorrhoea was responsible for many winter cases, and such cases were often part of a household outbreak of vomiting and diarrhoea. Only salmonellae and E. coli 0 26 showed a summer increase in prevalence, perhaps representing food-borne infection, since these organisms and 0 114 have been found in animal infections (0rskov, 1951; Charter, 1956). Bacillary dysentery accounted for only 11.1 ,% of all cases of diarrhoea. This and the low incidence of salmonella infection corresponds with the experience of Boardman, Cassel, and Kahn (1955), who studied 200 African children, but contrasts with the view put by Felsen (1945) that most cases of diarrhoea were demonstrably due to shigellosis. During and after epidemics shigellae may predominate temporarily, but any aetiological picture must alter as circumstances change. Summary Faeces were examined from 1,135 children aged up to 4 years within five days of the onset of a diarrhoea] illness. Excess fat globules were found in 13.1 % of these cases, and the significance of the finding is discussed. Sh. sonnei was found in 11.1 0%, Salmonella species in 3.2%, and serological types of E. coli in 8%. The incidence of the latter and of Proteus species was very much higher in those under the age of 2 years. Diarrhoea was more common in winter than in summer months, and affected more boys than girls.


We have developed a cohesive extraction based single document summarizer (COHSUM) based on coreference links in a document. The sentences providing the most references to other sentences and that other sentences are referring to, are considered the most important and are therefore extracted. Additionally, before evaluations of summary quality, a corpus analysis was performed on the original documents in the dataset in order to investigate the distribution of coreferences. The quality of the summaries is evaluated in terms of content coverage and cohesion. Content coverage is measured by comparing the summaries to manually created gold standards and cohesion is measured by calculating the amount of broken and intact coreferences in the summary compared to the original texts. The summarizer is compared to the summarizers from DUC 2002 and a baseline consisting of the first 100 words. The results show that COHSUM, aimed only at maintaining a cohesive text, performed better regarding text cohesion compared to the other summarizers and on par with the other summarizers and the baseline regarding content coverage.


Synopsis The key elements in designing an interface for a web-based software application delivered as a service consist of basic web-based software guidelines set up in this document, relating to establishing a productive environment on the web, on the one hand. The key to successfully transform the web in a productive environment is building an effective working space. In designing such an application one must emphasize on the user losing the web-behaviour he is used to; quick navigation. Let your web-based software application behave as the main object of attention. On the other hand these basic guidelines must be expanded with specific SaaS guidelines relating to call-to-action, overall application behaviour, and interface consistency. The foundations of a SaaS are the web-based software guidelines also applicable to standard or free web-based software. In addition to that the SaaS specific guidelines can make the difference in designing a profitable SaaS application.


Due
 to
 the
 increasing
 number
 of
 women
 in
 the
 labor
 force,
 opportunity
 costs associated
 with
 labor
 force
 participation
 are
 becoming
 an
 important
 factor
 in fertility
 decisions.
 Further,
 these
 decisions
 are
 assumed
 to
 be
 dynamic
 as
 the opportunity
 costs
 change
 as
 a
 woman
 progresses
 through
 her
 career.
 A
 Bayesian statistical
 model
 ,
 which
 allows
 the
 distribution
 of
 the
 likelihood
 of
 having
 children to
 be
 updated
 as
 information
 is
 gathered,
 lends
 itself
 to
 the
 dynamicity
 of
 the decision-‐making
 process.
 A
 generalized
 model
 for
 fertility
 decisions
 in
 terms
 of labor
 force
 participation
 is
 created.
 I
 also
 discuss
 potentials
 for
 implementation
 and furthering
 the
 model.


The present study investigates the distribution of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in sediment samples collected from selected locations in Sarawak, Sembulan, and Kuantan rivers in Peninsular Malaysia. Batch studies were conducted to assess the current status of domestic wastes and synthetic detergent pollution in sediments in these three rivers. Twenty-three sampling stations have been selected for sediment collection. Analysis and quantification of LABs was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Concentrations of total LABs in ng/g on a dry weight basis (dw) in the sediment samples of Sarawak River, Sembulan River, and Kuantan River ranged from 156.5 to 7386.2; 643.2 to 5567.1; and 772.8 to 7517.6 ng/g dw, respectively. The I/E ratio (ratio of internal to external isomers of LABs) is employed to estimate the degree of degradation of LABs in aquatic environments, making it a powerful, though simple, tool for monitoring biodegradation of LABs in the environment. The I/E ratios for Sarawak, Sembulan, and Kuantan rivers fell in the ranges 0.52 to 1.24; 0.81 to 1.79; and 0.50 to 1.28,respectively. The I/E ratio at station two in Kuantan River was much lower than those at the other stations, indicating that the sewage discharged into Kuantan River was poorly treated.
Anthropogenic activities may contribute to high levels of LABs in sediment samples. In addition to anthropogenic activities, natural features of the sampling location may contribute significant amounts of LAB discharges to the aquatic systems. In sum, the study results demonstrate that the LABs are useful as indicators of pollutants
originating from domestic wastes and synthetic detergents.


The invention discloses a contractive mapping-based adaptive random frequency hopping sequence generation method. According to the technical schemes of the invention, the method includes the following steps that: an original sequence is defined, and the definition of a weight is deduced from the original sequence; at an initial stage, the weight is initialized; at a scanning frequency hopping stage, the weight is updated; at a random frequency hopping stage, the weight is updated again, so that a final weight can be obtained; cumulative distribution of the final weight is calculated; a contractive mapping relation is determined according to the cumulative distribution; and a final frequency hopping frequency number set is generated according to the contractive mapping relation. According to the contractive mapping-based adaptive random frequency hopping sequence generation method of the invention, frequency points suitable for data transmission are selected out in a communication process according to a probability, and at the same time, the probability can be updated adaptively according to the change of channel environment, and therefore, the transmission frequency points can converge onto an optimal frequency point, and reliable data transmission is realized; and the weight of which the value is an integer is adopted and is equivalent to the probability, and therefore, the implementation of practice application of the method can be facilitated. The method can be used for efficient data transmission in a frequency hopping system.


A coaxial gas mixer is designed for mixing air and synthesis gas or syngas as fuel. Three-dimensional computational models are harnessed to analyze and predict the influence of the mechanical tabs aspect ratio and number on the mixing characteristics and performance of the gas mixer. Attention is concentrated on the influence of mechanical tabs on the air-fuel ratio, pressure loss and mixing quality. The optimum design of the mechanical tab was realized with aspect ratio of 0.32 and 4 tabs with 45o tab angle. The coaxial gas mixer using the optimized mechanical tabs was realized with λ of 1.13 corresponding to pressure loss of 37.2 Pa at 100 m3/h air-flow rates and the coefficient of variation (CoV) of mixing was 0.29. The gas mixer with the mechanical tabs had much better mixing performance than the gas mixer without mechanical tabs with only relatively small increase in pressure loss.


Beam-column connections are important parts in designing pallet racks,a hinge to connect pallet beam with column,which safety impact the overall performance of the storage rack directly.The connections have mechanical properties of semi-rigid in nature,which specific value can be determined by a large number of experiments.Based on the study of foreign literature a finite element model of beam to column connection is established.And M-θ curve is plotted through nonlinear simulation analyzing and property node handling,which results are compared with the experimental results and the curve fits the experimental curve well.It provides a new basis for the optimization design of the overall structure of the storage rack.


With the introduction of the World Wide Web in the early nineties, hypermedia has become the uniform interface to the wide variety of information sources available over the Internet. The full potential of the Web, however, can only be realized by building on the strengths of its underlying research fields. This book describes the areas of hypertext, multimedia, electronic publishing and the World Wide Web and points out fundamental similarities and differences in approaches towards the processing of information. It gives an overview of the dominant models and tools developed in these fields and describes the key interrelationships and mutual incompatibilities. In addition to a formal specification of a selection of these models, the book discusses the impact of the models described on the software architectures that have been developed for processing hypermedia documents. Two example hypermedia architectures are described in more detail: the DejaVu object-oriented hypermedia framework, developed at the VU, and CWI's Berlage environment for time-based hypermedia document transformations.


Studies on sugarcane (Saccharurn spp.) grown in 0.5 and 1.5 m row spacings for biomass production, were conducted at Belle Glade, Florida. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the stalk distribution in two row spacings and to demonstrate the applications of the stalk distribution analysis. Stalk population, length, and height were monitored monthly. The maximum stalk population in the 0.5 m row spacing was reached in May and then dropped by about 7, 49, 15, 5, 2, and 3% in June, July, August, September, October, and November, respectively. The ratio of stalk populations in the 0.5 and 1.5 m spacings varied from 2.88 in May to 1.1 5 in November. Stalks in the 0.5 m rows were longer and taller by about 10 and 39% as compared to 1.5 m row spacing. Stalks were more erect in 0.5 m row spacing from May to August. Monthly stalk length population was simulated well by the Log Pearson Type 111 (LPT) distribution. The results of LPT distribution analysis can be used to modify the estimation of stalk length, to choose a proper sample size within each intewal of stalk length, to avoid using samples of extreme values, and to study sugarcane growth dynamics. INTRODUCTION Recent studies have indicated the potential of sugarcane as a renewable source of energy (Lipinsky3). Since sugarcane produces more biomass per unit area and time than any other crop presently grown, it is the prime candidate for research for i ts potential as a source of energy. One of the most promising ways of increasing the biomass per unit area is to increase stalk density through closer row spacing. A pattern of stalk elongation in different row spacings which includes stalk length, height, lodging (horizontal projection), and erectness has not been studied by previous researchers. The stalk elongation pattern is an important factor to be considered in cultural practices including weed control, time of harvesting, harvestor design, and plant growth. The purposes of this study were: I. to determine the monthly sugarcane stalk population in two row spacings; S. F.SHIH AND G, J. GASCHO 39 2. to estimate and compare stalk length, height, erectness and lodging in two row spacings; I 3. to analyze stalk length distribution as a probability density function; and I 4. to discuss the applications of stalk length distribution. I MATERIALS AND METHODS Sugarcane was grown in a field located at Belle Glade, ~lof ida, on muck soil. A narrow row spacing of 0.5 m was compared with the conventional (wide) row spacing of 1.5 m in four blocks a randomized complete block design. Each block was 33.5 x 24.4 m. The insecticide Furadan was placed in the furrow a t a rate of 0.5 kg per 33.5 m of row to control wireworms. Fertilizer was broadcast at a rate of 800 kglha of 0-8-45 with 0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.5, percent of Cu, Mn, Zn, and B, respectively, Weeds were controlled by application of Randox and Atrazine at 3 weeks, spot treatment with Silvex and Dalapon, and by hoe as required. Insects and rats were also controlled with pesticides as required. The water table was maintained a t a depth of approximately 45 cm below the ground surface. Cane variety CP 65-357 was planted in December, 1976. Due to the freezes of January and February, 1977, the young cane was frozen to ground level. Skips greater than 1 meter were re~lanted in March, 1977. Sampling Procedures Stalk length between the soil surface and top visible dewlap (TVD) was measured monthly from May through August, 1977. Stalk vertical height between the soil surface and the TVD were also measured when stalk length was measured. The "grand period" for Florida sugarcane is approximately 7 months, April through October. Therefore, the most stalk length measurements were taken during that period. The measurements were taken on the first week of the month. No data were collected in Ppril because the sugarcane had,just started to grow after the March replanting. Most of the cane had reached full growth and was badly lodged by September, therefore, stalk length was extremely difficult to measure. Stalk length and ,height were not measured after August except that the monthly populations were monitored through November. Description of Models From the data collected on various growth parameters the following models are proposed: Model A Sugarcane Erectness


The most important food in China is rice, which has a certain amount of reservation in order to guarantee supply and demand. The rice stored too long is defined as aged rice. And the deterioration of aged rice affects the nutrition and taste. The paper mainly analyzes the quality changes of aged rice, including the change of starch, lipid, protein, B-vitamin and cell wall after storage. Meanwhile it explains the reason of unpleasant flavor and summarizes a series of mechanisms of freshening aged rice and methods of improving the quality of aged rice according to the deterioration of quality of the aged rice. It aims to improve the utilization rate of aged rice and increase the economic benefits.


This paper proposes that Indian philosophy qualifies as a holistic psychology. It shows its scientific character by proposing a revised understanding of the scope of science. It describes the richness of many of its concepts in relation to mental health, and proposes that they can be usefully integrated into modern mental health theory, practice and research. Such assimilation will help the latter in many respects, for example by filling-up a few of its deficiencies and by expanding the scope of its application. Important areas of potential contribution of Indian psychology are the character of holism, scientific nature of spirituality, a revised understanding of the meaning of mental health, role and variants of coping-skills, the hitherto neglected concepts of 'will-power' and ideal love, the important role of values, and a potential for primary prevention. This article is a brief narrative of the above points.


There exist many different approaches to the investigation of the characteristics of learning system. These approaches use different branches of mathematics and, thus, obtain different results, some of them are too complicated and others do not match the results of practical experiments.
This paper presents the modelling of learning systems by means of stochastic automate, mainly one particular model of a learning extremal regulator. The proof of convergence is based on Dvoretzky's Theorem on stochastic approximations. Experiments have proved the theory of stochastic automata and stochastic approximations to be quite suitable means for studying the learning systems.


The utility model relates to a duplex fork structure drive shaft of ultra-short non-length compensation, which comprises a drive shaft main body, two ends of the drive shaft main body are respectively processed with node fork ear holes which are primarily processed according to the same benchmark, and the two node fork ear holes are integral type structures. Since the duplex fork structure drive shaft adopts the duplex fork structure, thereby reducing the working operations of modifying components, squeezing and welding and the like, greatly lowering processing cost, lowering labor intensity, improving working efficiency and saving processing cost. Since the processing of ear holes on two ends are finished through loading and clamping in one time, the positioning is accurate, processing error of each working operation is avoided, and processing quality of fittings is improved.


The method requires unsteady aerodynamic forces, natural airplane modes, and the measured pressure data as input. A gust response computer program is used to calculate buffet response due to the forcing function posed by the measured pressure data. By calculating both symmetric and antisymmetric solutions, upper and lower bounds on full-scale buffet response are formed. Comparisons of predictions with flight test results are made and the effects of horizontal tail loads and static aeroelasticity are shown. Discussions are also presented on the effects of primary wing torsion modes, chordwise and spanwise phase angles, and altitude.


Received: 16/12/2020 Nowadays, phenomena of oil spills commonly take place on rivers and sea, and cause severe consequences on the water environment. Therefore, detecting oil spills and providing early warnings of them have received great interests for recent decades. There have been many algorithms developed to identify oil spills using the Synthetic Aperture Radar images because of their quality independence of weather conditions and capability of event capture of a wide geometry range. Among them, the threshold based methods are quite popular in reality because of their implementation simplicity. However, these algorithms provide relatively low accuracy. The paper proposed a novel threshold based algorithm of oil spill detection in the Synthetic Aperture Radar images. This threshold is a global one determined according to statistical analysis of pixel intensities of the images and their sizes. The simulation results of the proposed method on Python software were compared with other methods, and proved that the proposed method significantly improved accuracy. Revised: 16/01/2021


Several types of cancer pain are difficult to treat. Neuropathic pain is one of refractory types of pain, is posed to have higher intensity and results in higher than other types of pain decrease of quality of life. The strategy of treatment consists in combined use of on opioid analgesic and an adjuvant: a tricyclic antidepressant or an anticonvulsant. The recommended anticonvulsants are gabapentin and pregabalin. The older ones are not recommended in spite of insufficient evidence for their effectiveness in the management of pain. Pregabalin is a novel drug that is characterized by higher effectiveness, better profile of adverse effects and ease of treatment in comparison to older anticonvulsants. This paper is aimed to present the newest available data from systematic reviews, as well as the most up-to-date guidelines of the international organizations of palliative care and oncology.


In the mobile communication,Doppler shift was involved because of the high dynamic state of the aircraft,producing phase rotation of received signal. It is difficult to overcome the phase rotation to use the CMA algorithm. In order to speed up the convergence capability,a variable step and dual mode blind equalization algorithm is proposed here,the proposed algorithm units the modified constant modulus algortthm and decision directed algortthm,it can overcome the phase rotation and a small carrier frequecncy offset on the base of quick convergence and keep the error in a robust state and stay in a reliable bound.,thus is of parctical importance.The capability of this algorithm is proved by computer simulation.


Dear Editor, It is paramount to assess the patient experience with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and identify strategies to improve patient satisfaction and quality of life. Recent literature suggests that the effect of extra care initiatives in the operative setting on the patient experience is controversial.1– 5 We conducted an openlabel, singlecentre, randomized controlled trial comparing enhanced multifactorial care measures to the standardofcare in patients with nonmelanotic skin cancer (NMSC) undergoing MMS. From February to April 2020, 40 adult patients scheduled to undergo MMS at the University of Miami for basal or squamous cell carcinomas were screened for inclusion in this study via a standardized script. Patients who met the criteria were prospectively enrolled and randomized to two groups: extra care (EC) and usual care (UC). Inclusion criteria were subjects (1) ≥18 years of age and (2) able to sign informed consent. Exclusion criteria included subjects who were (1) unable to complete preand postsurgical surveys and (2) undergoing Mohs surgery for other skin cancers. Subjects were randomized into the EC group or UC group in a 1:1 ratio by an independent third party. Subjects in the EC group received additional patientcentred interventions including preand postoperative phone calls from the surgeon, additional written materials, personalized perioperative music, additional guest privileges and postoperative skin cancer protection education. UC subjects received standardofcare. The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) is a validated survey to assess patient satisfaction. The Skin Cancer Quality of Life (SCQoL) survey is a validated survey used to compare the quality of life. Both surveys were administered prior to Mohs surgery and 90day postsurgery. The PSQ was additionally administered on a postoperative day (POD) 7. Differences in baseline characteristics, PSQ and SCQoL scores between the treatment groups were analysed using SAS statistical software (JMP Pro V14.2, Cary, NC). A sample size of 40 subjects achieves 88.7% power to detect a mean difference in PSC and SCQoL scores of 1.0 with a standard deviation of 1.0 using a twosided, twosample equalvariance t test and reject the null hypothesis. Categorical variables are summarized as percentages and analysed with Pearson's chisquare tests. Continuous variables are summarized using mean and 95% confidence interval or median and interquartile range and analysed with a Student's t test, Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon signedrank test as appropriate. All tests were twotailed, and a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 40 subjects were enrolled. One patient in the EC group was lost to followup. The mean age was 69.4 years (median 70 years, range 47– 89 years). Regarding patient satisfaction, our study demonstrated that subjects in the EC group had significantly lower PSQ scores at POD 7 and POD 90 than their peers in the UC group. Moreover, subjects in the EC group had a significant reduction in PSQ scores at POD 90 from baseline which was not reflected in the UC group. This suggests that the patientcentred interventions we employed decreased patient satisfaction following MMS and that patients were less satisfied with their care, contradicting our initial hypothesis. Despite randomization, there was a disproportionate number of subjects with a history of prior SCC and MMS in the EC group. This may partially explain why subjects receiving EC were significantly less satisfied than those in the UC group both at POD 7 and POD 90. Interestingly, there was a nonsignificant trend towards improved SCQoL with EC at POD 90. Adequately, powered studies are needed to elucidate this association. Limitations include patient history discrepancies despite randomization, recall bias and acquiescence bias.


Diversification of economic activities, at the household and community levels, away from a high dependence on the exploitation of natural resources, is gradually being recognised by many governments and development specialists as a path leading to greater economic growth, as well as an indicator of it. In terms of poverty reduction, diversification is seen both as a coping strategy of the poor to deal with increasing uncertainty in rural areas as a result of natural resource degradation, increasing competition and the encroachment of global influences; and as a development strategy for enabling the poor to graduate out of poverty (IMM et al. 2005). In addition, government agencies and NGOs concerned with the conservation of natural resources are beginning to recognise the potential of livelihood diversification as a mechanism to encourage people to move away from the harmful exploitation and degradation of those resources. Indeed, ensuring adequate and effective support to livelihoods development remains one of the main challenges to coral reef conservation. The process of generating viable and sustainable livelihood strategies – for whatever reason is not straightforward for the people whose livelihoods may need to change, nor for agencies that try to assist them. It is a challenge that requires both an understanding of the complexity of livelihood change and also an approach that can address this complexity in a systematic way. This paper provides a brief overview of the Coral Reef and Livelihoods Initiative (CORALI) and then describes the evolution of knowledge about the complexity of livelihood change that has underpinned the development of an approach to supporting Sustainable Livelihood Enhancement and Diversification (SLED). The paper then describes the research process that has been designed to further develop a SLED approach and presents some of the


Artificial fish swarm algorithm is a typical intelligent algorithm, which is suitable for solving nonlinear optimization problems, such as unit commitment optimization. However, the algorithm has some defectiveness including premature convergence and easily trapped into local extremes. To make up these disadvantages, this paper proposes a modified artificial fish swarm algorithm, which adopts a variable vision, makes adjustment to the movement strategy and combines the mutation operation of genetic algorithm. A mathematical model of unit commitment with phased optimization is established to solve the problem of long computing time results from large scale units. According to the results of simulations for up to 1000 units, the modified algorithm performs better in convergence and global search, and has certain advantages in solving unit commitment problems, and the phased optimization significantly shortens the calculation time of large-scale unit commitment optimization.


Objective To summarize the speciality of transnasal endoscopic technique to manage cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSFr).Method Retrospective review of 36 cases of CSFr treated by the endoscopic technique from Aug.2004 to Oct.2008 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The etiology was traumatic in 9 patients,congenital in 4 patients,and spontaneous in 23 patients.4 patients had experience of 2~6 weeks of expectant treatment before transnasal endoscopic technique.Results All the 36 cases were cured in follow-up from 8 months to 3.5 years.There were 20 cases that the ventage located at ethmoid.4 cases at olfactory cleft,3 cases at sphenoethmoidal area,11 cases at sphenoid.34 cases were successfully repaired once.2 cases were relapsed in defferent poisions and needed to be repaired two or three times.Conclusion Transnasal endoscopic repair of CSFr has many advantages of small wound、 widely visual field、 fixing position accurately、 convenient、repeatability、 less complication and high succssefull rate.


The quantitative structure – activity relationship in antidiabetic oral drugs has been analyzed on the basis of topological indices that allow to discriminate the structure of different molecules either small or large. The overall correlation structure – activity allows to find the best antidiabetic drugs and to predict the activity of new compound proposed as oral antidiabetic. The screened procedure based on topological indices prevents the expensive and long testing of a high number of compounds.


The GRACE mission has had a revolutionary impact on the study of Earth system processes, but it provides a band‐limited representation of mass changes. This is particularly problematic when studying mass changes that tend to be concentrated in fairly narrow zones near the edges of the Greenland Ice Sheet. In this study, coarse‐resolution estimates of the mass change derived from GRACE have been enhanced by the introduction of heuristic scaling factors applied to model surface mass balance and observed surface elevation change. Corresponding results indicate large spatial heterogeneity in the gridded scaling factors at the 0.5° × 0.5° scale, reflecting significant mass losses concentrated along the ice sheet margin and relatively small internal ice sheet changes at higher elevations. The scaled GRACE‐derived vertical displacements are in the range from −2 to 14 mm/year from 2003 to 2015. The Greenland GPS network was used to examine the downscaling GRACE predictions of the crustal displacements. The results show consistency of scaled GRACE‐predicted and GPS‐observed seasonal and long‐term uplift in major drainage basins of Greenland. Our results indicate that GRACE predictions underestimate vertical displacements at sites located in regions characterized by concentrated loads, but perform well in other regions. Differences between predicted and observed uplift rates are mainly caused by the sensitivity kernels, because GPS and GRACE estimates are based on weighted averages of mass loss in different sensitivity ranges. Moreover, a large uncertainty in the glacial isostatic adjustment correction may also cause errors in the GPS‐to‐GRACE ratio.


This diploma thesis deals with the founding a new company providing the real estate servi-ces, making use of the expert literature review related to the topic and a practical part. The practical part consists of individual analyzes serve as a starting point for the actual prepa-ration of the business plan, including the time schedule and evaluation of project risks.


Starting a business (case study - John Clarke) recording transactions in a balance sheet organizing the balance sheet measuring profit John Clarke - the first year of trading (case study part 2) ledger accounts and double entry bookkeeping purchases, sales and returns of stock accounting for revenue expenditure and revenue receipts the trial balance the trading and profit and loss account (part 1) the trading and profit and loss account (part 2) final accounts and the balance sheet Ann Jolly goes to Australia and leaves some problems to solve (case study) prepayments and accruals estimating and recording depreciation provision for bad debts final accounts of a sole trader with adjustments errors and the suspense account the case book and other divisions of the ledger bank reconciliation statements data collection and subsidiary books the journal value added tax the complete bookkeeping system and computerization sales ledger and purchase ledger control partnership accounts limited company accounts incomplete records single entry records case study of incomplete records club accounts manufacturing accounts valuing stock and valuing a business management accounting (part 1) management accounting (part 2) case study on management accounting solutions to some exercises.


Abstra t. During the last two de ades, the interest for omputer-interpretable guidelines has keptgrowing to be ome a major issue in med-i al informati s. Clini al guidelines usually ontain de isional knowledge that an be represented by de ision trees. This paper presents K atoS, a semanti de ision tree editor, whi h provides a ollaborative tool to simplify knowledge a quisition. Using a simple graphi al language, K atoS allows exporting de ision trees to formalised knowledge, by proposing an original export algorithm to OWL. Easy to integrate in web appli ations, K atoS is part of a larger work about ollaborative editing of lini al guidelines. The overall obje tive is to provide tools to assist editing and storage of de isional knowledge in the (cid:28)eld of on ology.


According to the problem which it existed in calculating of defining forging form in roll forging, toke a forging of small gear shaft for example to analyze it, disussed the calculation programm, roll forging passage,elongation factor and so on when its form was changed.


Sequential changes of subarachnoid space after subarachnoid hemorrhage were studied in animal experiments by scanning electron microscopical observations. As a control study, the subarachnoid space of 14 dogs were observed with the scanning electron microscope. Then, 36 adult mongrel dogs underwent each direct injection of 1 ml/kg of fresh autogenous blood into the cisterna magna. Each of them was sacrificed at various periods ranging from immediately after to 6 months after the blood injection. Six dogs, sacrificed immediately after the blood injection, showed subarachnoid hematoma at the base of the brain without expansion to the parietal region. In these hematomas, fibrin fibers were already observed among the red blood cells. In all of 8 dogs sacrificed after 2-5 days of blood injection, subarachnoid clot was seen but no fibrosis had appeared. In 5 dogs after 7-9 days of blood injection, subarachnoid fibrosis in 4 and remaining clot in 2 were seen at this period. All of the 4 dogs killed after 2-3 weeks of the blood injection showed marked fibrosis or arachnoid thickening without remaining clot, and 3 of dogs sacrificed one month of the blood injection also showed subarachnoid fibrosis but normal findings were noted in the remaining 3. Moreover, even in 2 dogs which were sacrificed after 2 and 4 months respectively, marked fibrosis were observed. Those results suggested that the blood in the basal subarachnoid space disappears within 1-2 weeks and fibrosis occurs 1-3 weeks after the subarachnoid hemorrhage. And, in most cases, subarachnoid fibrosis which occurs in early period disappears by a month or so after the hemorrhage. In some cases, however, fibrosis or arachnoid thickening lasts for several months or more. The usefulness of scanning electron microscope to observe the subarachnoid space is emphasized.


DVEIN is a studio settled in Barcelona, which has created several opening credits for festivals, television branding, advertising and videoclips. In this interview, the group starts a journey through his professional career and tells the way they are currently working.


This study was undertaken to assess Kenyan adolescents familiarity with teenage pregnancy contraception and similar issues associated with sexual behavior. An important question addressed the adolescents recommendations on teenage pregnancies. The results showed that many of the respondents were familiar with teenage pregnancy because they knew classmates who had become pregnancy. Many of such unfortunate girls usually resorted to abortion. (excerpt).


Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze import and export operations in the state of Acre between 2019 and 2022, aiming to understand the importance of local foreign trade and its recent advancements.

Theoretical framework: The continuous evolution of trade interactions between nations is crucial for economic development, regardless of a country's economic stage, and foreign trade emerges as a fundamental pillar for this growth. However, despite Brazil being one of the largest global economies, its exports still do not reach their full potential, highlighting the importance of studying foreign trade, especially in the context of the state of Acre, due to its strategic location and potential in the Amazon Region.

Methodology: This study adopts a descriptive approach and quantitative methodology to meticulously analyze import and export operations in the period from 2019 to 2022, using official data from the Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade, and Services (MDIC), available on the Comex Stat electronic platform.

Findings: The analysis recorded a notable increase in exports, mainly to Peru, the United States, and Hong Kong, driven by the growth of exports of wood, nuts, corn, and soybeans, while imports also grew, with China being the main source of imported products. Maritime transport emerged as the predominant mode for both exports and imports, highlighting the importance of the Pacific Highway for the state's commercial transactions.

Research, practical & social implications: Future research should investigate how the understanding of the presented data can influence the planning for sustainable economic growth in Acre, as well as its global integration in trade, considering relations with strategically neighboring countries.

Originality/value: The results indicate that Acre is strategically expanding its trade based on diversification, integration with key partners, and logistical adaptation, positioning itself for a relevant role in the global scenario and contributing to the development of the Amazon Region.


Student success and retention is a crucial aspiration in the Australian higher education context across multiple levels. Broadly, there is an expressed aspiration for widening participation in higher education and a desire for an increased pool of people holding at least a Bachelor level qualification (Bradley, Noonan, Nugent & Scales, 2008). More specifically, improving the participation and success of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Universities Australia, 2013; Behrendt, Larkin, Griew & Kelly, 2012), people from regional areas and people of low socio-economic status are important goals (Universities Australia, 2013)…


At a meeting of the New York Electrical Society to be held in the Auditorium, Engineering Societies Building, 33 West 39th St., New York, N. Y., at 8.15 p. m. on the evening of Wednesday, January 6th, 1926, Mr. S. M. Kintner, Manager of Research Dept., Westingthouse Elee. &Mfg. Co., will give an instructive talk on "Long Distance Radio Broadcasting." Short wave length broadcasting is in a very active stage of development and Mr. Kintner is particularly qualified to describe the most recent accomplishments. The talk will be accompanied by some unusually interesting and unique experiments and demonstrations. All interested in this meeting are cordially invited to be present as the guests of the Society.


Summary In order to define the epitopes recognized by anti-coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) monoclonal antibodies, we have constructed a recombinant DNA epitope library from random fragments of the FVIII cDNA. The characterization of 33 different clones producing recombinant antigens in the expression vector, λgt11, has identified the epitopes for six different anti-FVIII monoclonal antibodies. The antigenic determinant for each antibody was defined by the overlapping or shared DNA sequence of multiple immunoreactive clones. One weak inhibitor of FVIII coagulant activity binds within the gly701 ser750 sequence of the FVIII sequence. An antibody which recognizes the amino-terminus of FVIII heavy-chain (within trp14 - tyr46) does not inhibit FVIII activity. Two non-neutralizing antibodies both map within residues asp807 - ser817 while two other non-neutralizing antibodies bind within lys1673 - pro1688. The general usefulness of this strategy for mapping FVIII antigenic determinants is discussed.


Objective: To evaluate the coordination of the Oral Health Teams (OHT) of Family Health Strategy (FHS), starting with the analysis of the quality standards of the services offered to the population. Method: A simple random sample (SRS) was obtained, involving 68 OHT coordinators from Pernambuco state municipalities in 2010, who were asked to answer the questionnaires from the 2 nd book of the Evaluation for Quality Improvement (EQI), issued by the Ministry of Health. In the questionnaires, every question from the different evaluation groups had an answer, which, if positive, was considered advancement in the quality standards. The answers were categorized and analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Data were analyzed according to the quality standards established by the EQI, classified as Advanced (A), Good (B), Consolidated (C), Developing (D) and Elementary (E). It was found that 54.3% of the municipalities reached the C standard ("regular" level of quality), while 61.4% of the municipalities reached the D standard and 65.3% reached the E standard, these ones being classified as "Good" with respect to the Basic Attention services. It is noteworthy that there was no A ("Advanced") level results. In the classification according to the sub-dimensions, the "Follow up" and "Evaluation" categories had statistical significance when associated with municipal OHT coordinators distribution by Geres and the "Normatization" category when compared with the population coverage of the OHTs. Conclusion: There is need of a competent management that is committed with the follow up of the OHTs and the users of public services.


The present work aims at the preliminary evaluation of the Paspalun repens macrophyte dry biomass adsorbent material of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) metals from water. The diversity of Species is due to the extensive aquatic environment where it is inserted. The Paspalun repens species comes from the Buiuçu lake located in the region of Parintins-AmazonasBrazil. The macrophyte was dried in a mill and then a digestion through biomass microwaves was done before and after its exposure to the solutions containing different concentrations of zinc and copper (1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 3.00 mg mL-1 of metals) for a period of 48 hours. As a source of the metals, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4 7H2O) for zinc, and copper sulfate (CuSO4 5H2O) for copper were used as the source. As a result, the efficiency of Paspalun repens was observed in the metals removal, the highest removal percentage, of 29.67 and 37.07% in the leaves, whereas in the root it was 25.25 and 32.84% (at the concentration 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL consequently), was of zinc, therefore the dry biomass of this species can be considered as a low cost alternative material in the removal of these heavy metals, contributing to the improvement of water quality.


The aerodynamic interference effects of three different wing-mounted engine concepts, namely a conventional turbofan, a very high bypass ratio turbofan, and an ultra high bypass ratio ducted propfan are investigated by the solution of the Euler equations. Due to the interference of fan jet and wing, the ultra high bypass engine shows the largest interference. A variation of position reveals for both the very high and the ultra high bypass ratio engine a potential for a close coupling of engine and airframe.


Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has now been part of conventional medical practice for over thirty years following the development of useable flexible fiberoptic endoscopes in the early 1970's.
Objectives: The study aim is to assess the gastrointestinal endoscopy outcomes and risk factors associated it's in Al-Salam Teaching Hospital, Mosul City.
Methodology: The samples purposively collected of the patients who referred for gastrointestinal endoscopies unit in Al-Salam Teaching Hospital in Mosul City for period of (20/1/2013) to (20/3/2013). The study sampled consist of (64) participants, (32) males and (32) females, (28.1%) their ages ranged between (46-55) years. The data were arranged for gender, age, locality, and the outcomes of the procedure.
Results: Sixty four gastrointestinal procedure were performed. Of those who had positive endoscopic findings; gastritis (18.8%), duodenitis (12.5%), and esophagitis, gastric ulcer (7.8%).The study also found that highest percentage of the sample were married, primary educational level, housewife, and urban region. Over two third of study patient's habitual status were NSAIDs followed one third of study patients were smoker.
Conclusion: The study showed highest percentage endoscopic finding sited in stomach and esophagus.
Recommendation: The study recommended availability of endoscopic facilities at all hospitals in country and make it accessible to all population and thus enables earlier diagnosis of digestive tract diseases. Providing comprehensive care for the patient when undergoing endoscopic procedures, which are in the nature of the case more important and technically complex and this care is provided through the training of nurses trained specifically for endoscopy.


This paper introduces some advanced experiences of the foreign libraries in developing the network information service, and probes into the directions of developing the network information service by our country's libraries.