Our first task as incoming joint editors of the British Journal of Health Psychology is to extend our heartfelt thanks to the outgoing editors, Professors Kavita Vedhara and Paul Bennett, who have done a quite superb job in raising the profile and impact of the BJHP during their 6-year editorship. Kavita and Paul are handing the journal over to us in a very healthystate,witharisingimpactfactorandagreatreputationforpublishingexcellentwork fromacross thefieldofhealthpsychology.Theywillbea toughact to follow.Wewouldalso like to take this opportunity to thank thoseAssociate Editors,members of the International AdvisoryBoardandmembersof theScholars Panelwhoare steppingdown for all theirhard work, and towelcome thenewcolleagueswhohaveagreed to joinus in thesevarious roles. We plan to build on Kavita and Paul's achievements, and in particular, we are keen to retain thebroad appeal of the journal.Wewillwelcomeexcellent contributions relating to all aspectsof the theory andpracticeofhealthpsychology,usinga rangeofquantitative and qualitative methods, as long as those contributions make a substantial and worthwhile contribution to knowledge and understanding. We are keen to publish good reviews, preferably systematic reviews, and ones which domore than summarize the current state of play, butwhichmove thefield forward. Another categoryof paperwhichweare keen to encourage is those dealing with methodological and statistical issues of contemporary relevance to health psychology, for example (but not restricted to) N-of-1 studies, factor analysis, grounded theory, photovoice, experience sampling and multi-level modelling. Wewouldbehappy to receivesuchoverviewpapersor todiscusspotential submissionson methodological topics with interested authors. From time to time, we will put together themed issues or solicit special series of papers on topical issues andwould also welcome suggestions from our readers for these. We will be instituting editorials by experts on various topics and eliciting occasional position papers fromeminent health psychologists. In accordancewith themaxim 'if it's not broken, don't fix it', wewill not be instituting major changes in editorial policies. As editors, we will continue to read all new submissions to the journal and screen out those which do not fall within the journal's remit, or which are clearly not of a sufficiently high scientific or academic standard to merit publication. Our Associate Editors have a range of research and methods expertise, and we will endeavour to send papers for action to Associate Editors with the relevant experience.Wewill continue tomonitor turn round times to ensure that our contributors receive the best possible service in terms of speed and quality of review. We are very much looking forward to working with you over the coming 3 years.


While pcset theory is well suited for measuring relationships between set classes or collections of set classes, the literature reveals that theorists question the numbers: what do the numbers mean and what assumptions do they serve? A case in point is the literature devoted to similarity relations, which spans almost four decades.1 Among recent contributions to those ideas is that of Eric Isaacson, who provides a detailed critique of various approaches to the problem of similarity relations and offers a solution of his own.2 The present essay proceeds in a similar spirit, but is concerned with relationships between collections of set classes rather than set classes themselves. The collections are those described by Allen Forte's theory of pcset genera.3 I examine the


Abstract : The problem of dynamic deformation of a circular cylindrical shell reinforced by transverse ribs when plastic deformations play the dominant part is considered. The joint action of hydrostatic and dynamic loads are taken into account, as well as the reaction of the medium where the shell is placed.


The increasing quality and quantity of life standard is caused by increasing competition on using agricultural and non agricultural land. Objectives of this research are to observe the pattern of land use change in Bandung Regency 2002- 2012, to identify unconformity of current land use to its allocation, to understand regional development hierarchy, to determine factors affecting land use change and to formulate regional land use recommendation. Methods analysis were done spatial analysis for land use change, unconformity identification, skalogram and multiple regression. Predominant land use change are from forest to built-up area, from plantation to built-up area, from paddy field to built-up area, from paddy field to dryland agriculture and from dryland agriculture to built-up area. Existing land use on 2012 showed unconformity with its allocation about 54 ha. Regional hierarchy was not distributed evenly. Subdistricts of east region have higher hierarchy than those of west region. Significant factors affecting land use change from agricultural land to built-up areas are agricultural allocation, development of economic facilities, development of GDRP (gross domestic regional product), acreage of land at slope < 5% and acreage of unfertile soil. Keywords: Development area, land use, spatial planning


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of serum from Guxinkang-fed rats on the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.METHODS Primary cultured osteoblasts and osteoclasts were isolated from the skull and the limb of newborn rats respectively,and MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability.AKP activity was used to evaluate the function of osteoblasts.The numbers of resorption pits on born surface were used to evaluate the activity of osteoclasts.RESULTS Compared with control group,the serum containing Guxinkang dose-despendently promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts and enhanced the secretary of AKP from osteoblasts after two days incubation(P0.01).The serum containing Guxinkang also decreased the numbers of resorption pits on born surface.CONCLUSION Guxinkang promotes the proliferation and differentiation of osteobalsts and inhibits the activities of osteoclasts,which indicates a potential clinical use against osteoporosis.


Due to its high variability and adaptability to different regions, the Eucalyptus species are planted in the whole world. This work aimed to verify the effi...


Membrane extraction process is a new separation technology which combines the membrane process with liquid-liquid extraction. Unlike conventional solvent extraction, membrane extraction is a dispersion-free extraction process. It offers several advantages over conventional solvent extraction. While the advanced progress on mass transfer characteristics and process intensification of membrane extraction in hollow fiber modules are introduced in detail.


Objective:To evaluate the secretory elements transformation of nasal mucosa after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in chronic sinusitis(CS).Methods:twenty patients were randomly enrolled.Specimens of nasal mucosa were taken preoperatively and postoperatively in 20 cases with CS and in 10 normal subjects as controls.The post-ESS mucosa was evaluated at the 16th week when gross recovery appeared.Specimens from the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) were stained with alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) and observed under light microscope.Results:A significant increase of goblet cells and glands was observed in the sinusitis cases (P0.01).In post-ESS cases,the number of goblet cells was the same as that in controls (P0.05),but the number of glands is higher.Conclusion:Goblet cell and submucosal gland hyperplasia of nasal mucosa may cause mucociliary clearing disfunction,especially the pathologic glands.The repair of the nasal mucosa ofsinusitis requires more time than gross recovery.Post-FESS follow-up should be longer than 16 weeks to prevent recurrence.


Variable speed limits (VSL) have been trialled in the US and Europe since the 1960s. VSL are used to manage speed with the aim of improving safety and sometimes motorway performance. In Australia, VSL pilot projects have been deployed in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Brisbane. The applications of VSL include speed management for safety and congestion, speed control for inclement weather, incidents, school zones, shopping strips, tunnels, bridges and roadworks. More VSL projects have been proposed throughout Australia and a consistent evidence-based approach is warranted. This paper briefly reviews the designs and outcomes of some VSL systems that have been implemented or tested on overseas and domestic motorways. Most VSL installations reviewed in the literature were found to have significant safety benefits. Driver compliance with speed limits was generally improved and this resulted in reduced mean speeds and less speed variance. Drivers experienced fewer crashes, shorter journey times and found the road system to be more reliable. There was also a positive impact on the environment. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E217330.


Objective To observe the effect and safety of Alum Borneol Nanoemulsion on the superficial second degree burn. Methods Totally 120 patients were randomized into treatment group and control group,and were treated with Alum Borneol Nanoemulsion and Alum Borneol Fluid respectively for 10 days. The comprehensive effect,time of the main symptom getting relieved (hour) and disappeared (day),immediate effect of pain relief,dynamic healing rate of the wound,time of total healing of the wound,and safety were evaluated. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 100%,with 90% of healed or markedly effective,being higher than those of the control group,i.e.95% and 81.7% respectively,but there was not significant difference (P0.05). The relief of local redness,swelling and pain in the treatment group was better than those of the control group (P0.05 or P0.01). The dynamic healing rate and time of total healing of the wound in the treatment group were better than those of the control group (P0.01). After treatment,there was no significant difference in blood,urine and stool routines,liver and kidney functions,as well as electrocardiogram of both groups compared with those before treatment (P0.05). Conclusion Both Alum Borneol Nanoemulsion and Alum Borneol Fluid are effective for superficial second degree burn,however,the Nanoemulsion is superior to the fluid in improving main symptoms,relieving pain and promoting healing of the wound.


Detailed velocity measurements made with laser Doppler velocimetry have shown that, except very close to the bed, the production of turbulence within a stand of emergent vegetation is dominated by the stem wakes rather than by the bottom‐boundary shear, as in open‐channel flows. This observation formed the basis for a modified random‐walk model that describes the contribution of stem wakes to the turbulent diffusivity within marsh grasses. The model was validated by comparison to observed diffusivity over a range of population and flow conditions within a simple plantlike array of circular cylinders. The diffusion model was also evaluated for a more complex morphology that included a flexible canopy. Laser‐induced fluorescence and image‐processing techniques were used to measure the diffusivity as well as to examine turbulence structure within the experimental system. The latter analysis documented changes in turbulence scale that arise as larger eddies are broken apart by the stems and smaller eddies (comparable to the stem diameter) are produced within the wakes.


This paper presents the results of numerical calculations of burnout heat flux associated with the boiling of Freon-113 and water on an annular fin of constant thickness which have been approximated by simple analytical relations. These are used to calculate the critical burnout parameters of tubes with an annular fin assembly. The calculated data may be used for the analysis of tubes with an annular fin assembly over a wide range of variation of the thermophysical properties of the material and geometrical parameters of the fin assembly.


I T is axiomatic that organizations be constructed to suit the purposes they are intended to serve. Since development is concerned with producing change, its machinery, the bureaucratiQ_ planning group, must be designed to accommodate this phenomenon./ This point goes to the main contention of this article that government bureaucracy, as a public agency, is continually seeking that combination of roles and role assignment that are conducive to directed development. It is this process of differentiation which requires a constant reassessment of its internal ways of doing things. This may involve the intensive establishment and abolition of offices and managerial techniques. A recent essay bears out the complexity of this process.1


Urban problems are increasingly at the heart of political debate in industrial capitalist societies. The Italian Left obtained a majority in the 1975 municipal elections in all the large towns, in part on the basis of urban protests and partly on the strength of being an alternative form of local government. The same phenomenon occurred in Japan, where socialists and communists, because they have given priority to urban and environmental issues, govern the most important cities. In the United States, the crisis of New York is only the most spectacular manifestation of a series of social contradictions which question a model of urban development which nevertheless remains indispensable for the organisation of an existence centred around the dominant interests of American society. In France, urban and regional policies are one of the clearest indicators of the cleavages and struggles between different political forces, as could be observed during the debate on the Galley Bill (which in 1975 tried to tax more heavily speculative use of land and triggered widespread opposition from the business circles), or yet still, in the successive measures which have been adopted with respect to public transport and urban-renewal programmes. The middle classes are living increasingly in the grands ensembles and some observers have gone as far as to attribute the success of the Left in the 1976 district elections to their dissatisfaction with the lifestyle in these new residential milieux. As we shall see, this process is in fact more complex.


Abstract. We present results of detailed analysis of spectralvariability observed in the optical spectrum (λλ4350–5700 A)˚of HD 4004 (WR 1). Basing on data obtained during spectro-scopic monitoring of this object in three nights in September1994, and six nights in November 1995 we show that the vari-ations observed in Heiilines λ4542, 4686, 4860 and 5411 arevery similar and well correlated. We also show that the amountof variability in these lines is identical. We provide evidence,however,thatthevariationsasobservedinthose Heiishowalsonoticeabledifferences.Theprojectedvelocitiesofperturbationsexposed on Heii emission line profiles do not scale with linewidth (FWHM). This means that the factor responsible for theobserved profile variations is not coupled with the wind and itsvelocity law. Based on our results we argue for two-component(fast-slow) wind model of HD 4004.Key words: stars: atmospheres – stars: mass-loss – stars: early-type – stars: individual: HD 4004 – stars: Wolf-Rayet1. IntroductionThe spectral variability or line profile variations (LPV) of oth-erwise single WR objects has been known for a long time (Wil-son 1948) but has been the subject of detailed investigation onlywiththeadventoflineardetectors(Ebbets1979).MorerecentlyLPVs have been recognized as very common (Moffat & Robert1991; Robert 1994). Recently LPVs have been studied in detailforseveralWRstars:HD50896(Moreletal.1998),HD191765(Morel et al. 1999) and HD 4004 (Niedzielski 2000). In spiteof a long list of possible processes which may possibly resultin the observed spectral variability, the question of the nature ofLPVs in WR stars remains open.The first photometric observation of HD 4004 was reportedby Hiltner (1956). Moffat & Shara (1986) reported its weakphotometric variability for the first time. Line profile variationsin HD 4004 were first observed by Niedzielski (1995). An moreextendedreviewonHD4004canbefoundinNiedzielski(1998).Recently Morel et al. (1999) presented an extensive photo-metric and spectroscopic study of HD 4004 and confirmed thespectral variability reported by Niedzielski (1995). They alsopresented evidence for unique, short lasting (3–4 days) photo-


We consider the coincidence events of two identical particles in light-ion nuclear reactions which lead to three bodies in the final state. In the description of the energy dependence of the coincidence rate it is shown that it is generally necessary to consider interference effects caused by resonance and background amplitude phases and also by space-time shifts between the sources of particle emission.


The opposing roles of the central governments of China and Russia in the projects of "smart cities" continue to arouse interest in the academic world. This article compares and contrasts the roles that the central governments of China and Russia play in stimulating the development of smart cities. The influence of the concept of a smart city is quite wide. At the federal level, the concept allows the formation of a digital society, as well as a digital economy, which are priority areas for the country's development in order to increase its economic indicators, in particular GDP. At the regional level, the concept allows for the comprehensive development of cities with the aim of ensuring a high standard of living in society as well as improving the efficiency of regional and municipal governance. Using a wide range of data, the paper offers an analysis of the practical differences between the two states. In addition, the document will consider proposals for a "smart city" put forward by the governments of the two countries, and draw conclusions about the significance of these differences in the success and functioning of "smart cities".


Much of the discussion of capacity to consent has focused on how capacity can be assessed. However, in focusing on the assessment of capacity of people with learning disabilities, information from studies of human judgement and decision‐making in the general population has been ignored. This paper reviews the main factors that affect an individual's capacity to consent and examines the integration of research into these factors in the general population with that of people with learning disabilities. A person's capacity to consent is considered to be affected by three main processes: comprehension (ability to understand and retain information), decision‐making (ability to weigh up information and reach a decision) and communication (ability to communicate the decision made). The difficulties people with learning disabilities may have in these processes are discussed, and possible ways of overcoming these limitations are suggested.


The authors have calculated the equations of state at 0 K for the various alkali metals starting from a theoretical description of the volume dependence of their dynamical matrix. They also obtain a detailed knowledge of the individual Gruneisen parameters which allow them to calculate temperature effects like the thermal pressure and the thermal expansion coefficient. The agreement with the experimental data is satisfactory and it can be considered as a test of the validity of the quasiharmonic approximation.


The present invention discloses a spinosyn - polylactic acid microspheres suspension and its preparation method, which is a spinosyn - polylactic acid microspheres, wetting and dispersing agents, thickeners, antifreeze agents, defoamers, and water composition. The formulation stability, high pesticide use efficiency, environmentally friendly, and product formulation substantially free from organic solvents, has significant economic and social benefits.


Objective To investigate the expression and signification of Transforming growth factor-β1 and its typeⅠReceptor in choroidal neovascularization(CNV) induced with krypton laser on Brown Norway rat. Design Experimental study. Participants Five groups of 30 BN rats. Methods The rats were photocoagulated with krypton laser in single eye to induce CNV. 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after photocoagulation, the retina was processed respectively for immunohistochemistry of FⅧR:Ag, TGF-β1 and TβRⅠ, in situ hybridization of TGF-β1mRNA. Main Outcome Measures FⅧR:Ag, TGF-β1, TGF-β1mRNA and TβRⅠ. Results FⅧR:Ag positive staining cells formed vessels in the lesion 1 week after photocoagulation. TGF-β1mRNA expressed in the ganglion cells, RPE in normal BN retina, TGF-β1 and TβRⅠexpressed in the ganglion cells, inner nuclear layer, RPE in normal BN retina, and they all expressed in the lesions after photocoagulation. From 3 days to 4 weeks, the expression density of FⅧR:Ag in the lesions increased (P0.05), however, that of TGF-β1mRNA, TGF-β1 and TβRⅠdecreased (P0.05); the expression of TGF-β1mRNA?TGF-β1?TβRⅠwas negative correlated with that of FⅧR:Ag during the development of CNV(r=-0.87, -0.87, -0.80, P0.05); TGF-β1 was positive correlated with that of TβRⅠ(r=0.84, P 0.05). Conclusion TGFβ-1 may act as a mediator of the CNV process, its down-regulation may play an important role in the development of CNV. And the expression of TβRⅠdown-regulated in the same way to TGFβ-1 implies that TGFβ-1 plays roles at receptor level in CNV.


The movement of metabolites and nutrients towards developing seeds, and their accumulation there, appears to play an important role in the regulation of senescence of the shoot in annual plants. The possibility that the directed-trans port of nutrients towards developing fruits is regulated by growth hormones has been studied in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Application of 3-indolyl acetic acid (IAA), in lanolin, to peduncles from which the fruits had been removed, re sulted in significantly greater accumulation of 32P (applied to the lower part of the stem) in the region of hormone application than in peduncles treated with lanolin only. When gibberellic acid (GA) or kinetin were applied alone to defruited ped uncles they had no significant effect on the accumulation of 32P at the point of application of hormone, but when either was applied with IAA they greatly enhanced the effect of the latter on movement of 32P. The greatest effect was obtained when all three hormones were applied simultaneously. This hormone-directed transport was also demonstrated for the movement of I4C-labelled photosynthates from the leaves to the peduncles. It is suggested that hormone-directed transport may play an important role in directing the movement of nutrients towards de veloping seeds, which are rich sources of endogenous hormones.


In this paper are presented values of ecological indexes of rove beetles communities collected from the forest ecosystem: forest Brinzeni (mixed oak and hornbeam trees, oak, cherry and linden tress mixture), Landscape Reservation "Zăbriceni" (mixed oak and ash tree and maple), and Scientific Reservation "Codrii" (mixed hornbeam, oak and ash trees, mixed oak and hornbeam trees). Calculated indexes are: abundance (A), dominance (D %), constant (C %), ecological significance index (W %), etc.


A mode of operation of a p--njunction is described which leads to an output voltage linearly related to temperature, independent of device geometry or semiconductor material, and determined only by fundamental physical constants and current.


An eclectic observation of the Nigerian financial landscape reveals that identity theft and financial related crimes are on the rise. Having engaged the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a platform for effective and efficient means of conducting financial transactions, the financial sector is also battling with the accompanying risks. In this research work, we want to know if there are relationships between lack of proper information dissemination, computer literacy and high rates of identity theft/financial crimes in Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to randomly select internet-banking users, interviews were conducted and from our findings, we reached the consensus that lack of proper knowledge and means/forms of identifying cybercrime related emails, texts and phone calls are responsible for the high rate of identity theft in Nigeria. Granted that banks will never ask for financial information via emails, cybercriminals are exploiting other social engineering techniques to perpetrate identity theft. We also identified loopholes in the typical Nigerian bank customer care department sequence of communication which cybercriminals tend to exploit. Hence, we highlighted means of identifying possible email related phishing scams. Finally, effective prevention techniques were discussed.


The aim of this study was to analyze the throwing velocity and effectiveness of elite male handball players during the European Championship 2020. A local positioning system was used for the first time in a European Championship to collect 6568 throw events from 337 players of 24 national teams during 65 matches. ANOVA (F = 80.8, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.058) revealed that back players throws were significantly faster (24.3–26.5 m/s) than the rest of the players (22.2–22.5 m/s). Similarly, throws made from the central zone showed the highest speed values of 28.0 m/s (F = 43.2, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.050). In regard to the goal hit zone, higher speeds were shown for throws in side zones (24.9–26.8 m/s) compared to central zones (23.0–23.8 m/s) (F = 49.0, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.063). Effectiveness was higher in wing players (62%–64%) than the rest (45%–56%) (F = 30.9, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.023). Interestingly, the two higher velocity categories (>22 m/s) showed similar effectiveness (~60%), which were higher than the preceding slower category of 17–22 m/s (39.7%) (F = 175.1, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.074). Regarding court zones, throws from first‐line zones (48%–60%), were more effective than from second line (38%–43%) (F = 13.1, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.016). With respect to the goal hit zone, effectiveness was higher in side (72%–77%) than in central zones (58%–64%) (F = 523.2, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.418). Coaches should improve the throwing velocity of players but also train at submaximal velocities (effective velocity) to save energy and reduce the potential risk of injury. Finally, training should be specialized according to the performance shown by players from different throwing zones, rather than from playing positions.


This article is concerning the main trends in Turkish and Armenian studies on Armenian-Turkish relations. The works of specialists cover Armenian-Turkish relations, starting from the period of Armenia independence and up to the present moment.


Cast system is not only an evil of the ancient society but till today it is going on. It is also true that without the abolition of the cast system from our society, any kind of social development is impossible. The Indo-Aryan started to treat the native Indians as their 'Das' or servant. Such 'Das' are treated as the lowest class of the society. All of these differences were done mainly for their 'colour'. Their position in society was very bad, even the Indo-Aryan males started to exploit the female 'Das' to satisfy their sexual desires. But, on the other side marriage between female Indo-Aryan and a male 'Das' was strictly prohibited. There was a continuous conflict between the Brahman and the Sudra kings due to many tyrannies suffered by the Brahmans. As a result of such hatred towards the Sudras, Brahmans refused to give them the right to wear the sacred thread, which is called Upanayana. This right was considered as one of the most important right as it gave the right to learn the Veda. After losing such right, the Sudras became the fourth class of the society. The Constitution of India plays a vital role in regulating the caste system in the Indian society. In one hand it tries its best to eliminate the inequalities on the basis of caste from the Indian society. But on the other hand it is quite unclear about the legal position with respect to the caste groups in Indian social life. As we know that under article 19, 25, 26, 29 and 30 of the Indian Constitution say about the constitutional protection of the religious groupings and voluntary organisations. But under Article 15(1), 15(2), 16(2), 17, 23, 29(2) the Constitution says abolition of discrimination on the basis of cast. State of Madras v. Champkam Dorairajan, where the Government reserved the seats of a medical college on the basis of caste and the Supreme Court rejected that reservation saying that it is violating Article 15(1) of the Constitution. So Article 15(1) was coming in the way to make special provision for the socially and educationally backward persons. To overcome this situation Article 15(4) was inserted in to the Constitution of India. It says that State is not prevented to make any special provisions for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the schedule caste or the schedule tribes. Determine the socially and educationally backward class in the following manner: Firstly, the backward class under Article 15(4) should be both socially and educationally backward. Failure to satisfy any of these two will not regard that class as backward class within this Article. Secondly, poverty alone can be the criteria to determine the backwardness of any class. Thirdly, backwardness should be comparable with the schedule caste and schedule tribe. Fourthly, caste may be a relevant factor to determine the backwardness but cannot be the sole factor.


With the speed control system for feedwater pumps in some gas turbine power plant as an example,the energy conservation theories and effects of hydraulic coupling control and frequency control are analyzed and compared.It is concluded that frequency control is advantageous in control performance,energy-saving effect and maintenance,etc,suitable for being used as the auxiliary apparatus of gas-steam combined cycle units undertaking the peak-load regulating task in power network;meanwhile,using frequency controllers will alter the design concept of the power station service system,increase the floor area of equipment,and cause changes in the auxiliary power voltage protection and self-actuating mode besides the auxiliary power wiring.


The authors discuss the role of population numbers in electoral politics at the central and state levels in India in sections on Indias diversity Indias federal democratic political system religion and the politics of fertility ethnic and caste diversity and fertility control economic diversity and fertility control the federal polity and problems of fertility control and Indias democratic political system and fertility control. The family planning program in India is at the heart of the politics of an extremely diverse federal and democratic structure. Each identity-bound group whether religious or ethnic caste or linguistic feels that its safety lies in numbers and percentages and feels threatened when its demographic leverage decreases. Anxiety over numbers is therefore the central problem of the Indian family planning program. Although developmental politics is the only way to solve the problem electoral politics will no doubt persist in the short and medium terms.


The extremely rich variety of functional properties of complex oxides, and the excellent crystal matching they can present, allows the design of a new electronics involving only oxides. The new devices could be revolutionary compared to the silicon-based ones, in part because the much superior behavior of some physical properties, but also due to the fact that some of these properties can be coupled, which can result in new functionalities. The development of these promises requires a precise control of multilayer architectures at atomic and mesoscopic scales, since the properties of the involved films can depend greatly on the lattice strain, and the complexity of the crystal structures favors the formation of defects that condition the functional properties. Therefore, it becomes essential the knowledge and control of the peculiar thin film growth phenomena in these materials and to correlate the resulting nanostructure with the final properties. Some of the interesting physical properties of complex oxides are associated to very short characteristic length scales. However, defining geometries at such level can be not attainable with standard lithographic processes. For such purposes, self-assembly techniques are alternatives to be considered. On the other hand, in hybrid systems fabricated by self-assembly, the interfaces can be the result of a lateral coalescence and not of a bottom-to-up growth progression. Then, lattice strain state and defects associated to the interfaces could be of more easy control. New behaviors can be obtained with these new technologies, and this is exemplified with the recent findings of Zheng et al. [1]. The authors fabricated arrays of ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 nanopillars embedded in a ferroelectric BaTiO3 matrix by a self-assembly technique, and observed a remarkable coupling of magnetic and ferroelectric properties not found in ordinary multilayer structures. In this presentation we shall overview our recent research on the heteroepitaxial growth of some functional oxides, namely the conductive ferromagnetic perovskite SrRuO3 (SRO) on SrTiO3(001) and of the insulating ferrimagnetic spinel CoCr2O4 (CCO) on MgAl2O4(001). We will show an extremely rich variety of growth modes of complex oxides, which allows the design and controlled fabrication of atomically smooth surfaces as well as nanostructured objects of varied reduced dimensionality with a high potential for new concept device applications. Self-organized finger-like SRO structures of nanometric size form after an initial 3D growth of island that nucleated along the substrate steps. [2] With additional growth, there is a transition to 2D growth mechanism since after the coalescence of the finger-like structures an extremely smooth surface of terraces and steps forms and growth proceeds by step flow (Figure 1). The coalescence of the finger-like structures origins an oriented pattern of disordered regions that lead to an in-plane anisotropy of the electrical transport (Figure 2) [3-4]. We demonstrate that the self-organized quasi 1D fingers (and in turn the transport properties) can be controlled with the miscut angle of the SrTiO3 substrates. In the epitaxial growth of (001)-oriented CCO films, self-organized {111}-faceted pyramids and hut clusters appear (Figure 3) [6]. Contrarily to the well-known semiconductor dots, the CCO objects do not undergo shape transitions, even after having lateral dimensions above a micrometer. Since the {111} facets form an angle of 54.7o with the surface, the CCO pyramids can be considered true 3D structures. We prove that varying the deposition conditions the size and number of the objects can be tuned, and we demonstrate that arrays of elastically strained pyramids with narrow size distributions (peaked around a few tens of nanometers) can be fabricated (Figure 4). [7]


This year the theme for World Health Day on 7 April is "vector-borne diseases". It provides an ideal opportunity for individuals and communities to get involved in tackling this particular group of diseases that continue to be an important public health problem. Vector-borne diseases pose a devastating obstacle to human health and overall economic development. Responsible for approximatley17% of the estimated global burden of infectious diseases [1], vector-borne diseases contribute to lost productivity, school absenteeism, social stigma, poverty, high health-care costs and overburdened public health services [2]. Additionally over 3.5 billion people worldwide – mostly the poorest segments of populations – are also at risk. Mosquitoes are perhaps the most commonly known disease vectors but others, including ticks, sandflies, fleas, bugs and freshwater snails, also carry a range of diseases, some of which are fatal.


In recent years, the virtual network (VN) for services by IP over WDM has been studied for the flexible and efficient use of network resources. The VNs are constructed by optical paths on the WDM network. Furthermore, by configuring VNs dynamically, resources which have been used for some VN at previous period can be allocated to another VN at the next period, which improves the utilization ratio of network resources. In this paper, we propose the SVN (Static Virtual Network configuration) method and the DVN (Dynamic Virtual network configuration) method for the VN configuration method. We formulate the MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) for the SVN method and the DVN method and evaluate them from viewpoints of resource cost and availability by calculation experiments.


Europe's fifth and final Automated Transfer Vehicle cargo ship completed its trek to the International Space Station Aug. 12 at 9:30 a.m. EDT.


The principle of using strongly scattering materials to recover efficiency in neutron detectors, via back-scattering of unconverted thermal neutrons, is discussed in general. Feasibility of the method is illustrated through Geant4-based simulations of a specific setup involving a moderator-like material placed behind a single layered boron-10 thin film gaseous detector.


There were investigated the performances of some UV stabilizers systems in the surface layer (gel coat) of unsaturated polyesthers. The changes in colour and in gloss were determined using accelerated degradation methods as well as natural ageing. The correlation of results allowed the proposal of a degradation model of the polyestheric surface layer under UV radiations action.


The paper describes a rule-based system for tagging clause boundaries, implemented for annotating the Estonian Reference Corpus of the University of Tartu, a collection of written texts containing ca 245 million running words and available for querying via Keeleveeb language portal. The system needs information about parts of speech and grammatical categories coded in the word-forms, i.e. it takes morphologically annotated text as input, but requires no information about the syntactic structure of the sentence. Among the strong points of our system we should mention identifying parenthesis and embedded clauses, i.e. clauses that are inserted into another clause dividing it into two separate parts in the linear text, for example a relative clause following its head noun. That enables a corpus query system to unite the otherwise divided clause, a feature that usually presupposes full parsing. The overall precision of the system is 95% and the recall is 96%. If "ordinary" clause boundary detection and parenthesis and embedded clause boundary detection are evaluated separately, then one can say that detecting an "ordinary" clause boundary (recall 98%, precision 96%) is an easier task than detecting an embedded clause (recall 79%, precision 100%).


Non Typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) is emerging as a major health problem. NTS serovars have a wide variety of host range varying from domestic animals, aquatic fauna, reptiles, arthropods, leafy vegetables and many more. This zoonotic infection manifests as self limited gastroenteritis associated with food poisoning to fatal extra intestinal invasive infections. In this overview, an attempt is made to compile the documented reports due to NTS from Indian subcontinent for the last 5 decades, searching the available databases. These reports emphasizes the role of NTS in diverse clinical infections and the possible links of transmission. Prophylactic measures such as adoption of quality measures in fish and meat processing units, vaccination of farm animals, serotyping of all NTS strains, above all health education and public awareness program should be made mandatory to minimize the incidence of NTS in our country.


Electroacoustic measurements were made on ten hearing aids in both a standard 2‐cc and Zwislocki‐type acoustic coupler. Pearson correlation coefficients generally indicate that while measurements in the two couplers are different, the differences are systematic. Prediction equations relating electroacoustic measurements in the two couplers were generated. Several behavioral measures of speech intelligibility were recorded through the same aids in both couplers. Scores are presented and related to the systematic nature of the differences between the acoustic couplers.


Numerical algorithmsfor D-optimum designusuallyrely on a discretizationof thedesignspaceinto a finite setX. Theirspeedthendependsonthecardinality of thisset.Weshow in thispaperhow it is possible,duringthesearchfor anoptimum design,to remove from X somedesignpointsthatcannotbesupport pointsof theoptimumdesign,andtherefore to accelerate thealgorithms.


The aim of this article is to present the two ostraca found in Greek polis of Nikonion on the northern shore of the Black Sea. The ostraca were found in 2007 and 2010 and they are the remains of a private letter which was send by one of the inhabitants of the polis to his relatives. Both fragments were translated and published in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. This article presents further interpretation in the context of the social, economic and agricultural conditions of the Greek poleis of the northern Black Sea coast. The letter has preserved some information about the system and conditions of the trade, and also delivered some figures about monetary system in use at Nikonion. Special attention has been paid to all information from the text which highlight the problem of the connections of the polis with smaller Greek settlements which constituted the chora of the city. The text of the letter shows how intensive and complex the economy of that polis was during the 4th century BC, especially bearing in mind that Nikonion was the only Greek centre on the western bank of the liman of the Dniester river, because of its location and size it is considered of secondary importance in the social and economic system of the Greek colonies in the Black Sea.


Insects are the most species-rich group in all organisms.Houhe Nature Reserve,which owns plenty of insect species,is one of the most important areas for studying terrestrial biodiversity of China.Although Houhe Nature Reserve has been well protected,few work has been fulfilled on insect species diversity.In this study,we focused on investigating insect species′ composition and quantitative dynamics in Houhe Nature Reserve to understand distribution patterns in different habitats so as to get fundamental knowledge for long-term monitoring and conservation of the area.We chose three different observation spots,i.e.Maoping,Wantan,Duling.Besides the ordinary methods such as sifter and net trap,barber trap was employed as the main means of quantification.The results were as follows:(l)Of these insects,the most abundant groups were Lepidoptera,Orthoptera,and next to them were Carabidae(Coleoptera),Diptera,Homoptera,Hemiptera,Dermaptera,Hymenoptera,Neuroptera and Isoptera.The rest mainly belonged to Myriopda and Arachnida.(2)Environmental types determined the distribution of insects and the impact was significant in the beetle groups such as Lepidoptera and Orthoptera.


We study the possible superconducting pairing symmetry mediated by spin and charge fluctuations on the honeycomb lattice using the extended Hubbard model and the random-phase-approximation method. From 2% to 20% doping levels, a spin-singlet -wave is shown to be the leading superconducting pairing symmetry when only the on-site Coulomb interaction U is considered, with the gap function being a mixture of the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor pairings. When the offset of the energy level between the two sublattices exceeds a critical value, the most favorable pairing is a spin-triplet f-wave which is mainly composed of the next-nearest-neighbor pairing. We show that the next-nearest-neighbor Coulomb interaction V is also in favor of the spin-triplet f-wave pairing.


The rice K+ channel OsK5.2 is necessary for rapid stomatal closure and contributes to shoot K+ supply from the root, thus highlighting the differing functional distribution of Shaker channels compared to Arabidopsis. The roles of potassium channels from the Shaker family in stomatal movements have been investigated by reverse genetics analyses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but corresponding information is lacking outside this model species. Rice (Oryza sativa) and other cereals possess stomata that are more complex than those of Arabidopsis. We examined the role of the outward Shaker K+ channel gene OsK5.2. Expression of the OsK5.2 gene (GUS reporter strategy) was observed in the whole stomatal complex (guard cells and subsidiary cells), root vasculature, and root cortex. In stomata, loss of OsK5.2 functional expression resulted in lack of time-dependent outward potassium currents in guard cells, higher rates of water loss through transpiration, and severe slowdown of stomatal closure. In line with the expression of OsK5.2 in the plant vasculature, mutant plants displayed a reduced K+ translocation from the root system toward the leaves via the xylem. The comparison between rice and Arabidopsis show that despite the strong conservation of Shaker family in plants, substantial differences can exist between the physiological roles of seemingly orthologous genes, as xylem loading depends on SKOR and stomatal closure on GORK in Arabidopsis, whereas both functions are executed by the single OsK5.2 Shaker in rice.


There are some emergency situations not to damage the urban road systems.Under sudden unexpected public emergencies,the relation of urban evacuation and rescue demands is presented based category analysis method,a model of their transportation demands and distributions is built under Wardrop's principle of system optimization.With the difference of times of evacuation trip and amounts of evacuation vehicles,an equation for round trip times and evacuation vehicles amount is established.A modified cumulative normal distribution function of S-Shaped response curve to model emergency transportation demands on departure time.


A fundamental paradigm in peer-to-peer (P2P) content distribution is that of a large community of intermittently-connected nodes that cooperate to share files. Because nodes are intermittently connected, the P2P community must replicate and replace files as a function of their popularity to achieve satisfactory performance. In this paper, we develop an analytical optimization theory for benchmarking the performance of replication/replacement algorithms, including algorithms that employ erasure codes. We also consider a content management algorithm, the Top-K Most Frequently Requested algorithm, and show that in most cases this algorithm converges to an optimal replica profile. Finally, we present two approaches for achieving an evenly balanced load over all the peers in the community.


A short synthesis of hyellazole (1) based on a new method of benzannelation of indoles which involves cyclization of 3-buta -1,3-dienylindole (6) is described.


The utility model discloses a device for measuring article size, which comprises a camera, a base used for placing the camera, a laser base and laser heads. Laser is used for locking animals or buildings at a certain distance and laser points are remained on the picture. The proportion between a real object and the object in the picture is obtained by calculating the specific value of the distance between actual laser heads and the distance between corresponding laser points, thus calculating the length and height values of the object to be measured. The device for measuring article size has the characteristics of simple structure and convenience in calculation; moreover, the device for measuring article size is not influenced by the size and distance of the object to be measured. The device for measuring article size is convenient and quick to measure movable objects with large areas particularly; and the working efficiency is greatly improved.


The problem of classifying the visual appearance of natural stones, such as granite plates, represents, nowadays, an important demand in marble and granite industry. Companies which operate in the natural stones supply chain, usually have to guarantee the uniformity of the visual appearance of a batch of plates. Such kind of task is typically carried out by a skilled worker who decides about the pertinence of a plate to a given group. The development of an expert system capable of automatically executing such control, would introduce significant enhancement in natural stone industry. The realization of such a system, however, is a challenging problem, since the appearance of the plates may be very similar and classification may be difficult also to a human observer. Among the various techniques which have been proposed in literature, texture analysis has emerged as the leading approach to the classification of the visual appearance of natural textures. Gabor filtering has also been recognized as an important technique in texture classification, due to its capability of modeling the response of cortical cells devoted to the analysis of visual signals in mammals. In this work a classification procedure of granite texture based on Gabor filters is presented. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of Gabor filtering and the influence of the related parameters in granite texture classification. Four groups of granite types, with similar visual appearance, have been considered and submitted to a classification procedure. The effects of the following aspects on the percentage of success in classification have been investigated: Gabor filters design, feature space design, distance type, value of k in thek − nn algorithm. The results are promising and suggest that texture classification based on Gabor filtering can be a viable approach to the evaluation of the visual appearance of granite stones.


Gene expression study is well known to focus on finding association between expression levels of particular genes and some interesting variables, for example, a disease state. In such studies, besides the primary variable of interest, some other covariates are usually measured and included in the model of association tests. However, it is not possible to measure all the variables related to gene expression. In addition to the known and measured variables, there might be some other unknown and unmeasured factors, which would contribute to the heterogeneity of expression levels of particular genes. Their effect cannot be simply ignored as the unmodeled factors, either biological or technical, may induce extra variability in the gene expression, which would decrease the power to detect the association between gene expression and the primary variable. Or they might introduce spurious signals of the association as the variation on the gene expression could be confounded by a unmodeled factor and the primary variable.The model of Surrogate variable analysis(SVA) was designed to address this problem. In this paper, SVA was shown to able to identify and estimate the components of Expression Heterogeneity(EH), and parse the signal and noise more accurately and reproducibly.


The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine compound extract with plant estrogenic effect. The traditional Chinese medicine compound extract takes six traditional Chinese medicines of acanthopanax, Chinese angelica, hemlock parsley, peach seed, dry ginger and licorice as raw materials, a carbon dioxide supercritical extraction technology and a macroporous adsorption resin enrichment technology are employed, the extract is prepared under certain technological parameter. The extract has obvious plant estrogenic effect, enables bidirectional adjustment of organism estrogenic level, prolongs the arrival of climacterium, and is suitable for improving the perimenopausal syndrome of female, such as menstrual disorder, vasomotorial symptom (flush, hot flash), mental and nervous disorder (depression, anxiety and easy excitement and insomnia), bone and joint symptom (osteoporosis, arthralgia and the like), urogenital tract symptom and the like. The extract can be directly and safelyused for preparing the medicinal preparation and health food for treating perimenopausal syndrome.


Methods of increasing sugar content in bio-supplements mixed in a specially constructed mixer device are suggested. The above method allows to dose the mixture in the crushed fodder to obtain a smooth and unsticking mass. The method suggested is aimed to solve the problem of purposeful utilization of feeding molasses and sugar deficiency in ruminant animals rations.


Julian Darley, Director of the Post Carbon Institute*, reports on the contrasting viewpoints recently presented by Saudi Aramco and Matt Simmons, President of Simmons & Co at the CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies) in Washington DC** as regards the role that Saudi Arabia may play in meeting future global demand for oil. If the Saudis are right, the industrial world has decades more of abundant and cheap oil. If Matt Simmons is right, the world is almost certainly facing a decline in oil production before the end of the decade.


Thermal conductivity of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) was evaluated using the ΔVgs method for the first time. MWNTs were prepared in pillars, and the pillars were placed on two aluminum nitride (AlN) substrates. An AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) chip, which was set on an AlN substrate, was used as a thermometer and as a thermal source. The thermal resistance of the sample was measured using the ΔVgs method. From the thermal resistance of MWNT pillars, we succeeded in evaluating the thermal conductivity of a MWNT pillar and that of a MWNT as high as 74.2 and 950 W/(m·K), respectively. The thermal conductivity of MWNTs evaluated in this study is much higher than that of usual metals. We confirmed that MWNTs are promising materials for heat dissipation problems.


Summary The study about Hebeloma cylindrosporurrfs acid phosphatase activity according to the phosphorus content of the culture medium, has been realised by using a new staining: the lanthanum. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron spectroscopy imaging (ESI) have been used to verify the presence of the stain. These technicals display a heterogeneous acid phosphatase ativity on the plasmalemma. The phosphorus deficienced mycelium presents an excreted acid phosphatase activity only in the storage section. Acid phosphatases are detected on the plasmalemma, the tonoplast, the polyphosphate granules and the lipid globuls. Whatever the phosphorus content it is, the walls are stainless.


This essay looks back at what accountancy and the world were like in 1973, when the Academy of Accounting Historians was formed. It can be considered a small time capsule to refresh recollections as the 50th anniversary year of the Academy approaches.


Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can be unicentric or multicentric. Multicentric CD (MCD) is further subdivided into human herpesvirus type‐8‐associated, POEMS syndrome‐associated, and idiopathic (iMCD). TAFRO syndrome is a newly identified disorder of unknown etiology characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly. The TAFRO syndrome is sometimes regarded as a subtype of iMCD (TAFRO‐iMCD), whereas iMCD without TAFRO syndrome is considered "not otherwise specified" (iMCD‐NOS). However, a proportion of patients with TAFRO syndrome have been diagnosed without lymph node biopsies (TAFRO syndrome without proven iMCD; TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD). To clarify the clinical features of iMCD‐NOS, TAFRO‐iMCD, and TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD, we retrospectively analyzed 220 patients extracted from the database of the Multicenter Collaborative Retrospective Study for Establishing the Concept of TAFRO Syndrome. The patients included 87 with iMCD‐NOS, 63 with TAFRO‐iMCD, and 19 with TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD. Patients in all three groups exhibited anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated serum C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 levels. No significant differences in clinical, laboratory, and prognostic features were noted between the TAFRO‐iMCD, and TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD groups. However, the iMCD‐NOS group exhibited polyclonal hyper‐γ‐globulinemia. The five‐year survival rates of patients in the iMCD‐NOS and TAFRO‐involved groups were 100% and 66.5%, respectively (dropping markedly during the first few months in the latter). The iMCD‐NOS and the TAFRO‐iMCD samples typically showed plasma cell and mixed‐type histologies, respectively. Thus, iMCD can be classified into two distinct subtypes, iMCD‐NOS and TAFRO‐iMCD. As such, TAFRO‐iMCD and TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD may be considered the same entity, requiring prompt diagnosis and intensive care.


Introduction. Water occupies insignificant areas (4%) as part of the land fund of Ukraine, but water performs a very important ecological function and are used for economic and social needs. According to the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine, 17,860 ponds in Ukraine or 36% of their total number are leased. Therefore, it is important to determine the accuracy of the normative monetary evaluation of water bodies, which is the basis for determining the amount of rent and land tax, which will increase revenues to local budgets. The normative monetary evaluation of water fund lands is carried out in accordance with the Methodology of normative monetary evaluation of non-agricultural lands (except settlements) and the Procedure for normative monetary evaluation of non-agricultural lands (except settlements) and takes into account the metric characteristics of the land plots: (its area), rental income per unit area of the relevant category of land, capitalization period, coefficients that take into account the location, type of use and coefficient that takes into account the land belonging to the lands of environmental, health, recreational, historical and cultural purposes.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the normative evaluation of water and its practical use providing recommendations for improving the regulatory monetary evaluation of land. The methodological basis of the study is a set of scientific methods such as logical, system-structural and others.

Results. Calculations were made on the normative monetary evaluation of non-agricultural lands on the example of the land plot of the state-owned water fund with an area of 34.2077 h. Based on the analysis of calculations, recommendations are provided.

Conclusions. Having considered the method of calculating the normative monetary evaluation of water fund lands on a specific land plot, the ways of its improvement were identified in order to take into account the characteristics of the water body and local factors of its location. It is propo-sed to determine the rental income in the following areas: use of the water body for industrial purposes; water supply of the population; use for fishery needs; electricity generation; use in agri-culture (irrigation, drainage and regulation of water-air regime of agricultural lands); recreational, medical and tourist purposes. Taking into account local factors when calculating the monetary evaluation of land will help to maximize the completeness of information about the object and provide the maximum amount of information to the future tenant.

Key words: monetary evaluation, water fund lands, land evaluation, water.


We examine alternative unemployment insurance (UI) contribution policies in an economy where wages are set by a monopoly union and firms face stochastic revenue shocks. Unemployment benefits are financed from UI contributions that the government imposes on firms. We show that the impact of changes in the UI contribution on the union's wage demand and on the firm's demand for labor depends crucially on the elasticity of substitution between the factors of production in the economy. Thus, the consequences of the different UI policies change fundamentally with alterations in the elasticity.


Results of an energy‐dependent phase‐shift analysis for ππ scattering between 900 and 1120 MeV mass are presented using data of the reactions π±p ⇒ π±π+n and π−p ⇒ K+K−n. The I = 0 S‐wave becomes highly inelastic at KK threshold and accounts for the structure in the ππ system. A zero effective range approximation for the S‐ wave leads to a pole of the S‐matrix which is located on the second Riemann sheet at (1012 ± 6) − i(16 ± 5) MeV.


This study was designed to assess the impact of oral, receiver, and writing communication apprehension on classroom achievement in an interpersonal communication course, and to determine the relationships among these variables. Three hypotheses and one research question were posited. Results indicated that oral and receiver communication apprehension have a significant and deleterious effect on student achievement. The results also suggested that questions regarding the additive effects of oral, receiver, and writing communication apprehension may be of little consequence.


Bactericidal effect of was observed, when Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, S. enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, the causative bacteria of food poisoning, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Shigella sonnei were treated with the diluted solution of (33.3%~4.1%) for 30min at . All the bacteria were killed in 30 sec, when 33.3%-diluted was applied, except for S. aureus. Coronavirus, the same virus with SARS virus taxonomically, was also lilled with the 20%-diluted . Canine parvovirus and Canine distermper virus were also killed even in the organic matter and hard water when treated with . When applied to food such as raw fish, chilled meat, vegetables, could also decrease the number of microorganism, expecially for E. Coli. From these results, is thought to be effective for killing virus and bacteria, and also was proved to be safe when applied directrly to food.


Summary form only given. Four years of undergraduate engineering education is not a panacea of success for engineers. Evidence suggests that most engineers need to learn the art of management when they have become successful as engineers but poor as managers of people; and must move on as more successful managers of technology and people. But, such characteristics must be developed by programming and intervention and by tapping into the hidden (latent) potential of engineers as they work on the job. These management development programs must be measured as effective interventions from four desirable aspects: (i) reaction to the intervention, (ii) knowledge gained for immediate concept simulated analysis and use, (iii) change of behavior in making appropriate decisions, and finally (iv) the impact on subordinates (manager once removed) due to the program effect reflected in the job performance, and the consequent impact on the employing organization. This research discusses the merits of an educational program evaluation with dependable results using reaction to, learning at, behavior after, and results of the educational intervention.


The main result of the issue is the analysis of metaphysical foundations of social, emotional and spiritual communication of ancient Bashkirs. Today Bashkirs have not lost that deep layer of culture that is associated with the "soul". The harmony of their views on the nature is connected with certain "predetermination" semantic and symbolic themes. Spiritual reconstruction of the worldview of the ancient Bashkirs is not limited to the historical reconstruction of their views, experiences, and ideas and, in general, to a strictly defined state of mind. The harmony of their views on the nature determined by the particular "one" semantic and symbolic the Bashkir culture. Ancient Bashkirs aspiring to harmony as to the infinitely is far objective of overcoming the forces of decay, death and getting "living water". Hero Bashkir epos Ural, busy search "tools" from death, meets an old man; hero reveals the mystery of existence meaningless "personal immortality". We are talking here about the fact that nature itself is a kind of "cradle" of all living, viable. People must work in order to contribute to the immortality of nature and human kind. This is the meaning of the Bashkir epos "Ural-Batyr".


This paper explores the risk of precarious work in privatised utilities, based on data analysis and literature review. It examines the history of privatisation of utilities in the EU including programme countries and the impact that this has had on levels of employment. Moreover, it presents a range of measures to cushion adverse effects. This document was prepared by Policy Department A at the request of the Employment and Social Affairs Committee. IP/A/EMPL/2016-16 June 2017 PE 602.061 EN Employment in privatised utilities: A higher risk of precariousness? PE 602.061 3 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF BOXES 6 LIST OF FIGURES 6 LIST OF TABLES 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 9 1.1. Background to the research 9 PRIVATISATION WAVES: FROM FIRST INITIATIVES TO RECENT ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES 12 2.


In recent years antennas operating on millimeter-wave frequencies have generated a considerable demand. The various unique applications of millimeter wave antennas along with the availability of the bandwidth makes them a very promising area which is yet to be explored. This paper is for designing of conventional antennas which can work for millimeter wave frequencies. This work includes mathematical analysis and designing of Horn and Yagi-uda antennas for mm-wave and simulation of basic parameters using HFSS. A rectangular shaped slot is incorporated into patch, and antenna structure is used as a patch with coplanar waveguide (CPW) as a feeding structure. A brief mathematical theory of both antennas, software introduction, design, applications and variations between calculated and observed values will be discussed along the result of our design. Our results and analysis show that the antennas are showing significant gain, so they can be applied for the applications we are aiming for.


This paper analyzes problems in academic paper's abstracts and their causes and insists that raising awareness, bettering the writer's language accomplishment, improving the reviewer's academic standard and the editor's retouching competence are key factors for standardizing an academic paper.


There have been efforts in cross-lingual transfer learning for various tasks. We present an approach utilizing an interpolative data augmentation method, Mixup, to improve the generalizability of models for part-of-speech tagging trained on a source language, improving its performance on unseen target languages. Through experiments on ten languages with diverse structures and language roots, we put forward its applicability for downstream zero-shot cross-lingual tasks.


The understanding of the nutritional requirements for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and other immortalized cell lines was an early milestone in developing cell culture media. A key aspect of these early studies was defining those amino acids termed 'essen tial' for survival and growth of different cell lines. However, the amino acids essential for growth of cells in culture differ from those defined as essential in biochemistry texts.


The social and neurosciences are moving toward a conceptualization of the psychological construct of sense of place in relation with spatial cognition, place imageability, and meaning. To help advance progress, this dissertation proposes a conceptual framework of sense of place that includes variables of spatial navigational strategy (i.e., egocentric and allocentric) and place imageability using notions of edges, paths, landmarks, districts, nodes. Three studies using different methods tested the proposed framework. Study 1 used a questionnaire and an interview-based protocol analysis to examine whether navigational strategy associated with participants' levels of sense of place for recalled urban neighbourhoods. Preliminary work investigating whether sense of place and spatial navigation varied with place imageability was also done using qualitative analyses. Participants used more egocentric and allocentric strategies during cognitive map navigation when sense of place was stronger compared to when they recalled places for which they felt weak or neutral levels of sense of place. Seven categories were revealed from participants' qualitative descriptions of urban place visualizations after completing three sense of place scales (i.e., home-sense, compactness, environment, safety, vibrancy, design, and aesthetics) and differed depending on sense of place condition.


Purpose
Underpinned by three-factor theory, this study aims to: examine the dynamics (asymmetry) of multi-quality low-carbon attributes towards the Thai tourists' perception and prioritise carbon-tourism attributes on the basis of impact-range performance and asymmetric analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applies a multi-method approach to derive the low-carbon tourism (LCT) items before conducting exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying dimensions. Impact range performance analysis and impact asymmetry analysis were carried out to explore the asymmetric or symmetric relationship associated with tourists' perception of LCT.

Findings
Findings reveal the three dimensions of the LCT attributes. Out of the 29 attributes, nine are regarded as "must-have" categories, such that tourists will be disappointed at the efforts of a low-carbon destination if these attributes are missing, but they will feel neutral if the attributes are present. Six LCT attributes fall into the "hybrid" category, such that tourists will appreciate if they perceive these attributes to be available for LCT and feel disappointed if these attributes are not or poorly offered. Fourteen attributes are considered under the "value-added" category, meaning tourists will only appreciate if they encounter these attributes at the destination, and the lack thereof will not cause any dissatisfaction or negative perception from tourists.

Originality/value
Through the multi-quality asymmetric analysis, the study provides deep insights into the degree of perception of the 29 LCT attributes. The study offers tangible guidelines to destination authorities and pinpoints the necessity to provide attributes, especially in the "hybrid" and "must-have" categories, to avoid tourists' negative perceptions when they visit a low-carbon destination.


The aim of this research is to assess the corruption impact on the Romanian economy, reflecting the reality in which the Romanian business develops its activities. Corruption, a term used by a large part of citizens, can be found in the public sector, as well as the private sector, influencing the smooth development of the economy. Regardless of the modern economy which is permanently evolving, the corruption is still the principal participant of a phenomenon who has an important influence despite of the continual strategies for limitation. In Romania, in the last 30 years of democracy, corruption developed faster and found new ways of appearance, which have slowed down the process of economic evolution of the Romanian society, creating a feeling of distrust in the state institutions and in the business environment. Also, with an anti-corruption legislation at global, regional and national level, who supposed to limit the fraud, it remains a clear point the fact that corruption couldn't be stopped, especially in business environment of Romania. The results of the study shown us that there are significant losses for the businesses and a disturbing of the economic cycle of the country. At the same time, we can approve the fact that businesses are an area of a predisposition to corruption. There are numerous possibilities for unethical behaviors that come with a numerous consequences who can affect the government and the citizens. It is therefore necessary to analyze the impact of corruption on business development.


Seminar: How to POWER Pray: If you have prayed and prayed and yet the answer or the desired good has eluded you, perhaps you're praying wrong. Prayer is the most misunderstood element in all of Christianity. Most people pray negative prayers fortifying and asking for what they don't want. Most people put more prayer energy into their doubts and fears than they do their acceptance and belief. You can be retrained to pray like a master to get the good of God through you constantly. Based on the very popular Mastery seminar series that Rev. Chenoweth has taught at some of the biggest prayer ministries in the world.Two CD audio set, handout included.


BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have demonstrated both the risk of post-traumatic stress as a result of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and the efficacy of successful narrative processing for recovery from psychological trauma.

AIM
This article is based on recent doctoral research exploring the impact of unanticipated life threats after admission to hospital. It examines the difficulties ICU patients have with constructing coherent narratives of their illness experience and the significance of those difficulties for psychological recovery from critical illness.

METHODS
The original research used a qualitative design blending discourse, narrative, and phenomenological approaches guided by hermeneutical sensitivity to the evolving language of narrative processing. Patients chosen from ICU discharge summaries showing a critical life-threatening event after admission to hospital were interviewed soon after discharge from hospital and then again 1 year later. Unstructured interviews explored participant experience of a critical event and its aftermath.

RESULTS
This article focuses in particular on one finding from the doctoral research. Unanticipated critical illness presented some patients with difficulties in accomplishing the fundamental human task of constructing a narrative of their experience. Risk factors were observed identifying specific vulnerabilities. The extent to which difficulties were overcome impacted positively on the patient's sense of well-being 1 year after discharge.

CONCLUSIONS
In order to recover psychologically, some ICU patients need help overcoming obstacles to their ability to construct an adequately coherent narrative of their experience.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
ICU follow-up clinics could gain increased clarity of purpose from this narrative conceptual framework, eventually evaluating and validating benchmarks for assessing psychological recovery in relation to specified dimensions of narrative processing. Practice development informed by narrative process theory could also enhance ICU nursing communication. Since story construction is central to a person's core identity processes, person-centred nursing would also be implicated.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on different types of orthodontic elastic O-rings.


Objective:To ensure the quality of night work,and reduce the nursing error and the accident,we investigate the management mode that is more conducive to the night safe and development of psychiatric hospital. Methods: Construct the retrospective analysis method,and statistical analysis and evaluation of the nursing clinical rounds at night in our hospital between Aug. 2008 and Aug. 2009. Results: After the group night shift leader's responsibility being put into practice,the average score of endemic area are on the rise(P0.05,P0.01). Conclusion: Night shift leader's responsibility can supervise the nurse to do their duty,reduce effectively the problem of nurse and ensure the safe of ward at night.


This paper proposed a new approach for communication between the computer and other infrared equipments which combines the former two ways.The function of communication is realized by hardware completely without any embedded programs.Furthermore,the power is transmitted by the serial ports of computer.Therefore,there is no need for accessional power supply circuits.The experimental results indicate the validity of the design.


The Central Disaster Management Council (Chairman, the prime minister) is taking initiatives on planning basic schemes and promoting execution of disaster countermeasures in Japan. Recently, the council and the specialists committees, which are constituted under the council, carried out studies for the major subduction zone earthquakes along the Suruga and Nankai trough. The results are summarized and used for designation of the areas to strengthen and promote disaster management, damage estimation, and emergency response operations.


Modern society has total dependence on key national infrastructure. Privatisation has led to a perennial search for efficiency gains, one manifestation being multiple subcontracting to least cost providers. The danger of ineffective control of subcontractors calls for a new approach to the management of essential infrastructure. The author describes the business model of 24seven in the electricity and gas market in the UK. In this market full competition in the energy supply (retail) sector is resulting in lower prices for customers and innovation in the market place. It has also produced a structural change that allows ownership of delivery infrastructure to be separated from the product's marketing and sale. The benefit is that infrastructure experts focus on their core skills, as do the retailers. The 24seven model takes the path of separation a stage further. The ownership of the assets is separated from the management and servicing of those assets. The result is a business model that addresses the 'value for money' needs of customers and ensures safety and long term health of vital infrastructure assets.


Abstract : The visible surface phenomena of a nominal 30-kt nuclear weapon exploded underwater at a depth of 2000 ft were measured photographically. The direct underwater shock wave produced a slick with a 14,000-ft radius and a spray dome with a 7000ft radius and a central height of 170 ft. The initial velocity of rise of the central portion of the spray dome was 115 ft/sec, which was 33% higher than expected on the basis of high-explosive results. The first bubble pulse produced a spiky second dome that reached a height of 900 ft. Peak air-shock pressures, calculated from shock velocities, indicated an overpressure at Surface Zero (SZ) of 4.43 psi. Large possible errors in measurement make this value questionable. Results indicated that current knowledge of the surface phenomena of deep underwater explosions is inadequate for the prediction of most nuclear-weapon surface effects. (Author)


Carvacrol (5‐isopropyl‐2‐methylphenol) is a monoterpenic phenol present in the essential oil of many plants. It is the major component of the essential oil fraction of oregano and thyme. In this study, the effect of carvacrol was investigated in two behavioral models, the forced swimming and tail suspension tests in mice, to investigate the possible antidepressant effect of this substance. Additionally, the mechanisms involved in the antidepressant‐like effect of carvacrol in mice were also assessed. Carvacrol (cvc) was administered orally at single doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg. The acute treatment of cvc decreased the immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests without accompanying changes in ambulation in the open‐field test. The anti‐immobility effect of carvacrol (25 mg/kg) was not prevented by pretreatment of mice with p‐chlorophenylalanine, prazosin and yohimbine. On the other hand, the pretreatment of mice with SCH23390 or sulpiride completely blocked the antidepressant‐like effect of carvacrol (25 mg/kg) in the forced swimming test. These results show that carvacrol presents antidepressant effects in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests; this effect seems to be dependent on its interaction with the dopaminergic system, but not with the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. Keywords: Carvacrol; Antidepressant; Forced swimming; Tail suspension; Dopaminergic system.


The Harmonized Index Of Consumer Prices (HICP) is the primary measure of inflation in the euro area, and plays a central role in the policy deliberations of the European Central Bank (ECB). Among the rationales given for defining price stability as prevailing at some positive measured inflation rate is the possibility that the HICP as published incorporates measurement errors of one sort or another that may cause it to systematically overstate the true rate of inflation in the euro area. The purpose of this paper is to review what is known about the scope of measurement error in the HICP. We conclude that given the scant research on price measurement issues in the EU and the ongoing improvements in the HICP, there is almost no scientific basis at this time for a point (or even an interval) estimate of a positive bias in the HICP. JEL Classification: C43, E31


Traditional methods for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) targeting semantic segmentation exploit information common to the source and target domains, using both labeled source data and unlabeled target data. In this paper, we investigate a setting where the source data is un-available, but the classifier trained on the source data is; hence named "model adaptation". Such a scenario arises when data sharing is prohibited, for instance, because of privacy, or Intellectual Property (IP) issues.To tackle this problem, we propose a method that reduces the uncertainty of predictions on the target domain data. We accomplish this in two ways: minimizing the entropy of the predicted posterior, and maximizing the noise robustness of the feature representation. We show the efficacy of our method on the transfer of segmentation from computer generated images to real-world driving images, and transfer between data collected in different cities, and surprisingly reach performance comparable with that of the methods that have access to source data.


The invention provides an automatic solution stopping mechanism which is arranged inside a drip chamber. The automatic solution stopping mechanism is characterized by comprising a floating body, a sealing body and a connecting body. The sealing body is a soft rubber body with the bottom end being a horizontal plane. The connecting body is of a hollow structure. The upper portion of the connecting body is inserted in the inner sleeve which is arranged in the center of the floating body. The sealing body is connected with the bottom of the connecting body. A membrane cavity is formed at the bottoms of the sealing body and the connecting body. A balance channel is arranged between the floating body and the connecting body, is communicated with the membrane cavity, and is used for balancing pressure inside the membrane cavity. The automatic solution stopping mechanism and the infusion apparatus with the same can effectively resolve the problem that intensities of pressure in and out of the membrane cavity are not equal and enable sealing effect and solution stopping effect to be better. Meanwhile, assembling is simple and convenient, and cost is low.


Blood coagulation tests were performed on dairy cattle in a herd with haemorrhagic problems on a farm in Gloucestershire. The characteristic pattern of prolonged partial thromboplastin time with normal prothrombin time and thrombin time was shown to be associated with a partial factor XI deficiency, a congenital defect previously identified in cattle in North America.


The role of the school principal has changed much in the recent intervening years. Thus, he/she was formerly thought of as a manager and management of the local school. Management is poignant, but being a leader in improving teaching and learning situations is more salient. Leadership is needed to provide the best experiences for pupils in the school setting. The instructional objectives need to be relevant and possess clarity. Vague statements, ambiguous in nature, have little value in teaching and learning situations. Then too, varied learning opportunities for pupils to attain objectives should be motivating and challenging; appraisal procedures need to be valid and reliable. Standardized test results are limited in what they measure. A variety of approaches must be utilized including everyday teacher observation of learner obtained knowledge and skills. The Principal as Leader of Curriculum Improvement School principals must believe in pupils being able to achieve optimally in school and in life. Thus, reasonably high expectations need to be in the offing. Pupils are human beings who have definite needs in life which must be met. They need to have adequate nutrition such as school breakfasts, lunch, and dinner. The latter has not been met by most schools unless they have an after school program of quality learnings. Weekend food packs to take home provide learners with some nutrition needs over the weekend. There should be a clothes closet in the school setting to provide suitable clothing for those in need. Cooperation with agencies in society should be stressed to secure necessities for all, including school supplies. The principal must advocate collaborate endeavors in different curriculum areas to promote pupils having belonging needs met. These endeavors must truly emphasize pupils accepting each other with positive feelings involved. No one likes to be an isolate and be shunned by others. Pupils need to feel they possess worth, and principals need to assist teachers to recognize accomplishments of learners. In everyday lessons, the teacher may notice improvement of a learner over previous performances in mathematics, science, social studies, reading and the language arts, as well as citizenship behaviors. These need to be recognized and thus, each pupil might receive recognition. A brief statement of honest praise such as "that's fine" may suffice. Different words and phrases might well be judicially utilized in the recognition process for pupils to have esteem needs met. Communication between communicator and communicatee need to be clear, concise, and accurate. Poor communication hinders with pupils failing to secure directions, explanations, and conveyed information (Ediger and Rao, 2013). Principals must become self efficacious in knowledge and skills in curriculum development. There are selected areas in which principals may play leadership roles in assisting teachers in teaching and learning situations; among others, the following are examples: In reading, teachers need to assist pupil * use of context clues, as well as selected learnings in phonics as the need arises * utilization of phonics in initial consonant recognition in word identification. Additional phonic elements may be added as necessary * application of close reading skills so that learners truly understand ideas in reading comprehension * ability to read critically and problem solve * use background information to attach meaning to the ensuing reading lesson. In mathematics, teachers need to guide pupils to * acquire and attach meaning to structural ideas * utilize reasoning and inductive methods of achievement * think analytically and engage in problem solving * being creative in the use of algorithms * use in different levels of complexity as to the commutative, associative, and distributive properties in mathematics * diagnose and remediate in daily lessons and units of study * sequence learnings to accomodate algebra, and geometry in a K-12 order. …


This article deals with the historical and current forms of political expressions of Catholicism in the USA. With a focus on the specific role of religion in the American political context, and on the historical development of the American Catholic community, it explores the plurality of opinions on the application of values which arise from Catholicism in the social and political setting. The context of ideological orientations and personalities are included both from the areas of the liberal Catholic and conservative Catholic - neoconservative and paleoconservative - spectrum.


markedly, but recovered to values similar to those of controls of the roots by reducing either the activity or abundance of after removal of the treatments. Hydraulic conductance L0 Hg-sensitive water channels. The putative reduction in waterwas always less in NaCl plants than in controls and 6 HNS. channel function of NaCl-treated plants did not seem to be A total increase in the ion concentration of the xylem (except due to the osmotic effect. Na and Cl) was observed with both treatments. In control


A s bowel preparation may have different effects in the colon and the rectum, Dr. van't Sant and colleagues1 performed subgroup analyses of a prior randomized controlled trial2 in which they evaluated mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) with the primary endpoint of anastomotic leakage in a total of 1354 patients who received elective colorectal surgery. In this multicenter trial, ileocolic anastomosis was performed in 399 patients, colocolic anastomosis in 454, colorectal anastomosis in 449, and other types of anastomosis in 52. In the present article, the analysis is limited to 449 patients who all underwent a low anterior resection, raising a question of whether high-anterior resection was excluded from the study or all colorectal anastomoses were performed below the level of the peritoneal verge. Study results indicate that MBP before colorectal anastomosis can be safely abandoned even for those patients who need a diverting ileostomy. However, the conclusion may be flawed by the lack of data on the level of the anastomosis. It is believed that the lower the anastomosis is the higher the risk of leakage will be, particularly in male comorbid patients with a narrow pelvic cavity. According to the article reporting the outcomes of all 1354 patients,2 besides 595 end-to-end anastomoses and 477 side-to-end anastomoses, side-to-side anastomosis, which is commonly used for reconstruction after right colectomy, was performed in 202 patients, end-to-side anastomosis in 33, and pouch anastomosis in 14. Table 1 of the present article shows that side-to-end colorectal anastomosis was performed in 54% of the patients, end-to-end anastomosis in 37%, and other types of anastomosis in the remaining 9%. When looking at Table 2, showing the results of multivariate analysis regarding risk factors for anastomotic leakage, the use of side-to-end (odds ratio = 0.31) and other anastomotic techniques (odds ratio = 0.20) significantly reduced the rate for anastomotic leakage. Posterior end-to-side colorectal anastomosis using a circular stapler is an effective procedure for benign colorectal disease such as Chagasic megacolon,3 but this technique cannot be applied in cases of


Photonic bandgap effects are observed in a disordered array of sol-gel-derived SiO2 particles prepared via centrifugation of a colloidal suspension. Tunability in the optical response is achieved by infiltrating an organic liquid (1-methylnaphthalene) that possesses a moderately high temperature coefficient of refractive index (dn/dT) into the interparticle void space. The varying dn/dT value between SiO2 and 1-methylnaphthalene is used to tune the contrast ratio, relative to temperature. The resulting optical temperature sensor is the first adaptive ceramic photonic crystal of its type, to our knowledge, and provides a proof-of-concept for simple, disposable optical devices that are based on photonic band engineering. Novel applications of optical structures that possess short-range particulate order are discussed, in consideration of the direct analogy between photonic bandgaps and X-ray diffraction.


Purpose: to determine the possible degree of mixing livestock effluents and water for various hydraulic parameters of elements of installed equipment and pipeline network. Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the pumping station of the irrigation system of "Rassvet" LLC of Kuibyshev district Rostov region. The diagrams show pumping stations with positive and negative suction heads for the possibility of universal use of the obtained parameters regardless of the water marks in both the water source and the outlet. When conducting full-scale studies, the theory of experiment planning was used. The general, maximum possible geometric and hydraulic parameters of the fertilizer and water jet mixer network for centrifugal pumps are assigned. Results. When analyzing the equations obtained experimentally, the dependences affecting the hydraulic process of introducing livestock effluents into the suction pipelines of the pumping station are obtained. With an increase in the water level in the water source from minus 1.5 to plus 0.5 m; the manure storage level from 0.5 to 10.0 m and the mixer head from 0 to 8.0 m, the mixing coefficient increases from 1.0 to 3.0, respectively; the mixing coefficient and accordingly, the amount of nutrients in the irrigation mixture is calculated based on the above parameters. Conclusions: the conducted studies make it possible to determine the necessary mixing coefficient of livestock effluents and water when introducing the mixture into the suction pipeline of the pumping station, to calculate both the one-time and annual supply of nutrients during fertilizing irrigation with livestock effluents for the expected yield.


We report on the development of the medium-resolution spectrophotometer to accompany (in real time) spectral observations performed with the high resolution spectrographs on the 6-m telescope BTA.


This work introduces a smart cross-layer architecture composed of a battery-less smart solar power system, a simple configurable power-aware MAC protocol, and an intelligent fuzzy-logic based autonomous configuration protocol. The design of the proposed protocols is derived from the fundamental principles of complementary areas, namely: electronics, protocol engineering, and artificial intelligence. The main aim of the demo is to show the feasibility of developing smart autonomous sensor networks using off-the-shelf devices nowadays available in the market place.


The present invention relates to a writing based- user interface device and a supporting method thereof in a personal terminal capable of supporting a writing-based memo function. A memo layer, in which a specific application is executed through a request of a user when the specific application is executed, is overlapped on a screen. The intention of the user is recognized based on the content written on the memo layer by the user. The operation of the specific application is controlled according to the intention of the recognized user. [Reference numerals] (1810) Lower application operation engine; (1820) Memo layer application operation engine


Over the past decade, a multitude of independent initiatives have developed solutions to answer the need for Analysis-Ready Data, in order to reduce the time and effort required in order to generate added value out of raw, heterogeneous data. These initiatives resulted in various GeoDataCube (GDCs) implementations, standards, data formats and best practices.Interoperability between the GDC solutions has so far not been a core concern but with the increasing amount of data served as GDCs as well as its increasing uptake, it is becoming essential to understand what exactly a GDC entails, how it was created, and how different GDCs can be used together consistently. This presentation shall focus on the OGC GeoDataCube Standards Working Group (SWG) which has recently been initiated to tackle these issues proposing viable solutions defined as a standard.


To broadly explore the extent that COVID-19 has initially impacted medical learners around the world and examine global trends and patterns across geographic regions and levels of training, a cross-sectional survey of medical learners was conducted between March 25-June 14th, 2020, shortly after the World Health Organization declared concurrent COVID-19 a pandemic. 6492 medical learners completed the survey from 140 countries, Students were concerned about the quality of their learning, training progression, and milestone fulfillment. Most trainees felt under-utilized and wanted to be engaged clinically in meaningful ways; however, some trainees felt that contributing to healthcare during a pandemic was beyond the scope of a medical learner. Statistically significant differences were detected between levels of training and geographic regions for satisfaction with organizational responses, the impact of COVID-19 on wellness, and state-trait anxiety. Overall, the initial disruption to medical training has been perceived by learners across all levels and geographic regions to have negatively affected their training and well-being, particularly amongst postgraduate trainees. These results provide initial insights into the areas that warrant future research as well as consideration for current and future policy planning, such as the policies for clinical utilization of medical learners during public health emergencies.


Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is a congenital blind pouch in the small bowel resulting from an incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct during the 5 to 8 weeks of gestation. It is a true diverticulum, typically located on the antimesenteric border, and contains all layers of the intestinal wall with its separate blood artery from the vitelline artery (1). We report on a male patient who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis and MD. This 23-year-old patient was admitted with complaints of right lower abdominal quadrant pain and anorexia, and underwent an emergency laparotomy for suspected acute appendicitis. During the operation, the appendix was found to be weakly inflamed, and further exploration of proximal parts of the small intestine was performed through McBurney's incision. A diverticular lesion, localized approximately 70 cm from the cecum, was