Despite deep learning has achieved great success, it often relies on a large amount of training data with accurate labels, which are expensive and time-consuming to collect. A prominent direction to reduce the cost is to learn with noisy labels, which are ubiquitous in the real-world applications. A critical challenge for such a learning task is to reduce the effect of network memorization on the falsely-labeled data. In this work, we propose an iterative selection approach based on the Weibull mixture model, which identifies clean data by considering the overall learning dynamics of each data instance. In contrast to the previous small-loss heuristics, we leverage the observation that deep network is easy to memorize and hard to forget clean data. In particular, we measure the difficulty of memorization and forgetting for each instance via the transition times between being misclassified and being memorized in training, and integrate them into a novel metric for selection. Based on the proposed metric, we retain a subset of identified clean data and repeat the selection procedure to iteratively refine the clean subset, which is finally used for model training. To validate our method, we perform extensive experiments on synthetic noisy datasets and real-world web data, and our strategy outperforms existing noisy-label learning methods.


A typical low-level wind shear of thunderstorm activates long periodic oscillation of an aircraft, causing tracking deviation of the aircraft. On the assumption that the wind shear is sinusoidal, the effects of long periodic oscillation on the landing path of an aircraft were studied by computer calculation and with flight simulator. It is shown that the results obtained by calculation and simulation are not the same, implying that it might not be adequate to train pilots to manoeuvre the aircraft in low-level wind shear fully based on the available simulating modes of flight simulators.


A method to deduce the 2*2 transport matrix for coupled heat and particle transport in Tokamaks is proposed. The method applies to perturbative experiments, and is based on a Fourier transform of the measured signals of temperature and density. By analyzing different linear combinations of temperature and density, the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the transport matrix are determined. The method is tested for a number of illustrative cases using simulated data, and the sensitivity to noise on the signals is evaluated.


It is shown mathematically with Newtonian physics that a particle or photon can exit from underneath the event horizon of a singularity or black hole, where it can be observed, even though it may never fully escape the gravitational field. The radius of the event horizon is only an observed effect, dependent on the distance of the observer from the singularity, where Rs (Schwarzchild radius) is the event horizon observed from a distance approaching infinity. We will show that it is possible for matter to exit from the event horizon, and be observed outside the event horizon, as has been observed in many instances. While we may not be able to observe objects under the event horizon, we may observe how objects nearer the event horizon are affected from within.


Objective: To investigate the role of the uterine endometrial thickness and sonographic pattern as potential predictors for a pregnancy with an unknown location (PUL) and its possible outcomes. Materials and Methods: A convenient sample of 330 symptomatic extra preposition female patients were enrolled in this study with a diagnosis of PUL. The clinical variables of endometrial stripe thickness and endometrial sonographic pattern were determined with transvaginal sonography. These sonographic examinations (it seems that examination in this context is a countable noun) were conducted during the first 24 hours of referral, and their predictive values for PUL outcomes (normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), ectopic pregnancy (EP), and pregnancy loss) were assessed after clinical follow-up sessions provided a definite outcome. The statistical significance was set a priori at a P value < .05. Results: The mean initial endometrial stripe thickness among participants, with a normal IUP, was more than those patients with an abnormal pregnancy outcome (P < .05). The optimum cut-off value for predicting a an EP, compared to a normal IUP was 11 mm and had a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity of 39% (P < .001). These results also demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between the PUL outcome and the categories of endometrial sonographic pattern (P = .15). Conclusion: In this large cohort of patients, the endometrial stripe thickness of more than 11 mm, among those who were symptomatic and deemed as PUL, had the potential to predict ectopic pregnancy as an unlikely diagnosis.


There is considered the regression tensor modeling of computer optimal place (the planning of work table) for protection from non sanction scanning its electric magnetic field, for example, the monitor as a canal of confident information transmission without criptograph protocol. It is investigated the variant of fractal brunch of computer space orientation.


This contribution deals with resilient cities and explicitly takes an overall perspective. The concept of resilience is here used to examine both the event-type perturbations, which process in a relatively short time frame, and the anticipation of urban futures and territorial change dynamics, which process in a long term frame. We propose a practical exemplary of dominos effects spatialization diagnosis during flood and electric power failure in Marseille. Then, resilience of cities is linked with territorial development issues, anticipation of possible tensions and unsafe situations that may emerge due to land planning strategy, water shortages management or innovation diffusion.


China has recently put forth an ambitious plan to achieve carbon peak around 2030 and carbon neutrality around 2060. However, there are quite a few differences regarding the public views about China's carbon policy between the Chinese people and the people from other countries, especially concerning the doubt of foreign people about the fidelity of China's carbon policy goals. Based on Twitter data related to China's carbon policy topics from 2008 to 2020, this study shows the inter- and intra-annual trends in the count of tweets about China's carbon policy, conducts sentiment analysis, extracts top frequency words from different attitudes, and analyzes the impact of China's official Twitter accounts on the global view of China's carbon policy. Our results show: (1) the global attention to China's carbon policy gradually rises and occasionally rises suddenly due to important carbon events; (2) the proportion of Twitter users with negative sentiment about China's carbon policy has increased rapidly and has exceeded the proportion of Twitter users with positive sentiment since 2019; (3) people in developing countries hold more positive or neutral attitudes towards China's carbon policy, while developed countries hold more negative attitudes; (4) China's official Twitter accounts serve to improve the global views on China's carbon policy.


Why shouldn't we already get used to the idea that Laplanders will spend their summer vacations on the Nile and Ghandi's followers will put snow-chains on their tyres and participate in the yearly rallies to Nordkap… . Much too much the notion reigns in this world that the automobile is a national means of transport, while already whole continents may be crossed quickly, comfortably and reliably by car and intercontinental travel is only a matter of [a few] years away.


Part-based recognition is expected to be robust in difficult handwritten character recognition tasks. This is because part-based recognition is based on aggregation of independent recognition results at individual local parts without considering their global relations and thus is robust against various deformations, such as partial occlusion, overlap, broken stroke, etc. Since part-based recognition is a new approach, there are still several open problems toward its practical use. For example, compared with entire images, local parts are more ambiguous, i.e., less discriminative. For better recognition accuracy and less computations, we need to know the characteristics of local parts and then, for example, discard less discriminative parts. The purpose of this paper is to conduct some experiments in order to observe and analyze how the local parts of multiple classes are distributed in feature spaces. By handling parts appropriately based on the analysis, we will be able to enhance the usefulness of the part-based method.


As the preface makes clear, this book (like most, if not all of the publications in this series on cognitive psychology) is not addressed primarily to specialists. While the conversational, sometimes chatty tone and the absence of scholarly apparatus may indeed make the volume more accessible to the general reader, the author has taken up a complex, extremely significant, and inherently difficult topic. Inevitably, then, compromises are constantly necessary to keep most of the readers engaged in the topic most of the time. A book that would be fully and equally satisfactory to cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, anthropologists, evolutionary biologists, historians and philosophers of art, psychoanalysts, and artists interested in how the brain "does" art would have to be an encyclopedia, not a monograph. It is no trick to be erudite when one stays within a strictly defined field of interest, or to be lively and entertaining when no effort is made to go deeply into the subject. Writing a genuinely interdisciplinary monograph, as Solso has attempted to do, is a far greater challenge. The main body of the text is preceded by an introduction entitled "Art . . . A Tutorial," in which Solso describes three levels of the visual perception of a work of art:


A general creativity questionnaire of 21 stem-items was designed and based on 7 teaching aspects of fostering creativity in higher education students: (a) teaching the skills and attitudes of creativity; (b) teaching the creative methods of the disciplines; (c) developing a problem-friendly classroom; (d) using prior knowledge; (e) using different types of problems; (f) using multi-disciplinary hands-on projects; and (g) using appropriate lesson plans. Stem-items (21) based on these were conceptualized from easy to hard—3 stem-items for each of the 7 aspects—and answered in 2 perspectives: (a) an attitude self-view (ideally this is what I think I should do) and (b) a behavior self-view (this is what I actually do)—using 3 ordered response categories: none or some of the time (score 1), most of the time (score 2), and all of the time (score 3). This meant that the effective item sample was 42. The general questionnaire was applied to a lecturer sample from a higher institution, N = 124. Data were analyzed with a Rasch measurement model computer program. The item-trait interaction chi-square was not statistically significant (χ2 = 87.6, df = 84, p = 0.37), meaning that a unidimensional trait (called fostering creativity) was measured in which the 42 items each fitted the measurement model with p > 0.02. The Person Separation Index was 0.78 and the Cronbach Alpha was 0.79 showing that the measures were well-separated along the scale in comparison to the errors.


Copyright is the exclusive right of the creator or Copyright Holder to regulate the use of the results of casting certain ideas or information. Basically, copyright is the "right to copy a work". Copyrights can also enable such holders to restrict unauthorized copying of creations from. In general too, copyright has a certain specified validity period. Based on the problems that often occur in copyright, there are mutual claims of creations that always appear at the Director General of Intellectual Property Rights, Menkum HAM, which ultimately in the Commercial Court, this is due to the absence of mandatory registration of works. Law Number 28 of 2014 explains "that copyright is an intellectual property in the field of art and literature that has a strategic role in supporting national development and promoting public welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research with descriptive analytical research. Descriptive research was conducted to see the function of protecting intellectual property rights in resolving copyright disputes Empirical data found in the field are then compared with legal norms in the form of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyrights. Government Regulation Number 16 of 2020 concerning the Registration of Works and Related Products. So that in the end it can be formulated the functioning of the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Resolving Copyright Disputes.


MicroRNAs are regulatory molecules that can be packaged into exosomes to modulate recipient's cellular response, while their role during viral infection is beginning to be appreciated. However, the involvement of exosomal miRNAs during immunoregulation in invertebrates has not been addressed. Here, we found that exosomes released from WSSV-injected mud crabs could suppress viral invasion by inducing apoptosis of hemocytes. Besides, miR-137 and miR-7847 were found to be less packaged in mud crab exosomes during viral infection, with both miR-137 and miR-7847 shown to be negative apoptosis regulators by targeting the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Moreover, our data revealed that AIF did not only translocate to the nucleus to induce DNA fragmentation, but could also competitively bind to HSP70 to disintegrate the HSP70-Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) complex, which eventually activated the mitochondria apoptosis pathway via free Bax. Therefore, our findings provides a novel mechanism underlying the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and apoptosis pathway in innate immunity in invertebrates.


Ischemic‐reperfusion injury (IRI) triggers an inflammatory response involving neutrophils/macrophages, lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Galectin‐3 is a multi‐functional lectin with a broad range of action such as promotion of neutrophil adhesion, induction of oxidative stress, mastocyte migration and degranulation, and production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was evaluate the role of galectin‐3 in the inflammation triggered by IRI. Galectin‐3 knockout (KO) and wild type (wt) mice were subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion. Blood and kidney samples were collected at 6, 24, 48 and 120 h. Blood urea was analyzed enzymatically, while MCP‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐1β were studied by real‐time PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated by flow cytometry. Morphometric analyses were performed at 6, 24, 48 and 120 h after reperfusion. Urea peaked at 24 h, being significantly lower in knockout animals (wt = 264.4 ± 85.21 mg/dl vs. gal‐3 KO = 123.74 ± 29.64 mg/dl, P = 0.001). Galectin‐3 knockout animals presented less acute tubular necrosis and a more prominent tubular regeneration when compared with controls concurrently with lower expression of MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐1β, less macrophage infiltration and lower ROS production at early time points. Galectin‐3 seems to play a role in renal IRI involving the secretion of macrophage‐related chemokine, pro‐inflammatory cytokines and ROS production.


Magician Illusionist - Florian Klein offers professional magical entertainment for corporate events, weddings and birthday parties. Florian Klein - Magician! Here are the contact details


Abstract Three species of the genus Sarax are recognized in the Papuan region. Among them, two species, Sarax newbritainensis, new species, from New Britain, and S. monodenticulatus, new species, from Waigeo Island are described. Sarax newbritainensis resembles S. willeyi in having the same number of denticles on the pedipalpal tarsus, but they distinctly differ from each other in body size, form of carapace, length of legs and number and arrangement of the trichobothria of tibia of leg IV. Sarax monodenticulatus is distinguished from the other two Papuan species by possessing a single denticle on the pedipalpal tarsus. The taxonomic status and the natural history of the species are discussed.


Human activities are social activities, in essence. Evaluating or using a piece of software is a social activity, as well as a learning activity. Nonetheless, these activities are generally considered as relying upon universal and culturally neutral criteria or ways of achieving them. This chapter makes the case for an opposite viewpoint and aims to support the idea that "usability of online learning software" has to be considered as situated. In its broad sense, "usability" addresses the relationship between tools and their users. From a designer's viewpoint, usability is seen as a relationship between a human being and an artifact that measures the productivity of a user using the artifact (Nielsen, 1994). Some authors consider an extended notion of usability that distinguishes clearly between two usability-related concepts, "ease of use" and "usefulness," but takes them both into account (Notess, 2001). This extended notion of "usability," which is the one supported by this chapter, has a strong dependence on social and cultural aspects, because the use of any object is a social activity, which implicitly implies social relations belonging to different registers (Blandin, 2002). Therefore, the standpoint presented here is the following: usability evaluation should not be limited to consider "simply ease of use of a tool" criteria, but should also take into account all the conditions that lead a user to actually use a tool. When "learning" is the aim of the activity, underpinned by the use of the said tool, social, cultural, and context-dependent factors are driving forces that shape the action and that need to be taken into account within the evaluation process.


Today, renewable energies have become one of the most important concerns of the countries of the world as a result of the negative effects we have reached on the environment from our use of fossil fuels and the resulting emissions of toxic gases. It is no secret that the fields of renewable energies are very diverse, including those derived from biomass. Researchers in this field seek to diversify bioenergy sources from ethanol, biodiesel, and fuels. Biogas. Accordingly, we conducted this study using date kernel oil as a new source for biofuel extraction, and the results were as follows: oil content of 4 to 5 percent, with a very high acid number of 8.9776, which imposes on us make a reaction of esterification and transesterification. Biodiesel has a 91 percent yield and its properties are close to recognized standards compared to previous studies.


Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and transmission electron diffraction (TED) studies have been performed to investigate the effects of V/III ratio on ordering and antiphase boundaries (APBs) in organometallic vapor phase epitaxial Ga0.5In0.5P layers grown onto (001) GaAs vicinal substrates at 670 °C. TED and TEM examination showed that the degree of order is higher in the layer grown using a V/III ratio of 160 than in the layer grown using a V/III ratio of 40. TEM results showed that the higher V/III ratio could be used to suppress APBs. In addition, the growth of order-induced heterostructures, where the V/III ratio is increased abruptly during growth, could be used to block the propagation of APBs. Mechanisms are proposed to explain these phenomena.


An interdisciplinary volume focusing on the interaction of stress and health. Coverage includes examinations of stress/health issues among minorities, social support, adaptation to stress, and psychopharmacological management of stress.


This correspondence investigates the error propagation properties of six different systems using a (12, 6) systematic double-error-correcting convolutional encoder and a one-step majority-logic feedback decoder. For the generally accepted assumption that channel errors are much more likely to occur than hardware errors in the decoder, it is shown that the system proposed by Massey outperforms the system proposed by En in the above note.1Further, a third system is found which, even iftemporary hardware errors in the decoder are taken into account, is superior to the system proposed by En.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in women of child‐bearing age and is associated with obesity, infertility, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenemia. Sex‐hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is suppressed as a result of hyperinsulinemia leading to an increase in free testosterone levels commonly observed in PCOS women. High levels of free testosterone contributes to hirsutism, acne, and irregular menstrual cycles in this population resulting in the need for interventions aimed at increasing SHBG concentration in PCOS women. Subsequently, estradiol and progesterone levels suffer in this population resulting in irregular menstrual cycles and infertility. Current treatments for PCOS target symptoms of the disease but not the underlying mechanisms, and typically are associated with adverse side effects. Nutritional interventions, therefore, that can ameliorate PCOS‐related issues are warranted. Whey protein has recently been shown to have improved glycemic homeostasis, reduced chronic inflammation and enhanced protein anabolism effects in people with or without insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in SHBG and free testosterone concentrations following 7 days of whey protein supplementation and to examine differences in baseline measurements of progesterone and estradiol between PCOS women and healthy controls (CON). Women with PCOS and CON consumed 35g of whey protein for 7 days. Baseline and Day 7 concentrations were measured via plasma and serum collection. Progesterone and estradiol concentrations were measured at baseline only whereas free testosterone and SHBG concentrations were measured at baseline and Day 7. Protocols used in this study were approved by the TWU Institutional Review Broad (IRB). Initial analyses indicate progesterone levels were lower in the PCOS group compared to CON. Currently, no other statistical differences are reported at baseline nor over time in any other variable. Additional analyses are currently being conducted. Seven days whey protein supplementation is not a viable intervention to increase fertility in PCOS women by enabling changes in steroid hormone and globulin binding concentrations. Future studies will include a prolonged intervention period to establish potential changes in the aforementioned hormones following chronic whey protein supplementation.


The use of renewable non-conventional energy sources, as wind electric power energy and photovoltaic solar energy, has introduced uncertainties in the performance of bulk power systems. The power system availability has been employed as a useful tool for planning power systems; however, traditional methodologies model generation units as a component with two states: in service or out of service. Nevertheless, this model is not useful to model wind power plants for availability assessment of the power system. This paper used a statistical representation to model the uncertainty of power injection of wind power plants based on the central moments: mean value, variance, skewness and kurtosis. In addition, this paper proposed an availability assessment methodology based on application of this statistical model, and based on the 2m+1 point estimate method the availability assessment is performed. The methodology was tested on the IEEE-RTS assuming the connection of two wind power plants and different correlation among the behavior of these plants.


The authors optimized
a peptide extraction and LC–MS protocol for identification and quantification
of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in biological samples. This document describes
that protocol step-by-step


Calcium phosphates and oxalates are the most frequently observed bio-mineral phases. Many
kinetics studies have been carried out on their crystal formation and dissolution in
supersaturated and under saturated solutions, respectively. Major parameters include
supernatant solution concentration, ionic strength, pH, temperature and solid surface behaviors.
The growth of the calcium phosphate phases such as di-calcium phosphate di-hydrate (DCPD),
octa-calcium phosphate (OCP), hydroxyapatite (HAP), and fluorapatite (FAP) crystals are
observed. The ability of a surface to nucleate mineral phases is closely related to the magnitude
of the interfacial energies. CaSeHPO4 crystals are grown in laboratory growth environments by the author in agar gel medium. Many characterization studies are done using grown crystals, such as FTIR, TGA/DTA, etching, SEM and XRD of the grown crystals are carried out and the results are reported.


Utilization of kidneys donated from uncontrolled donors after cardiac death (UDCD) became an additional source of organs for transplantation worldwide in the light of ongoing global organ shortage. Machine perfusion proven to be a promising perspective for selection, rehabilitation and treatment of kidneys from expanded criteria donors, however, exact mechanisms of these effects remains unclear. On presented clinical case we are trying to clarify the essence of them. In 2006-2007 a pilot study was carried out by our team for use of machine perfusion to perform selection of kidney obtained from UDCD and improve their quality. According to study design each couple of grafts were divided and transplanted to different recipients. During ordinary procedure a staff mistake occurred, which, fortunately, helped us to understand one of the treatment mechanisms of hypothermic machine perfusion.


A robust phylogeny for the genus Hyacinthoides (bluebells) was established using cpDNA sequences and evaluated in light of a re-assessment of morphological diversity, cytology, distribution patterns and field observations. The genus is distributed in the western Mediterranean—Atlantic region and the northern African mountains. Within this area, there is a major divide between an eastern and western clade, each of them with their own radiations, mainly in autumn-winter flowering taxa in northern Africa and spring flowering taxa in the Iberian Peninsula. We now recognise eleven taxa and one hybrid taxon, which are separated into five clades. Polyploidy is confined to the H. non-scripta-hispanica clade with diploid and triploid taxa as well as a newly recognized tetraploid taxon. For the eleven taxa, distribution ranges, taxonomy, morphology, descriptions and a new key are presented. The nomenclatural history of the genus has been reviewed. Generitypes have been designated for Hyacinthoides Heist. ex Fabr. and Endymion Dumort. and lectotypes selected for four species, three of which are combined for the first time in Hyacinthoides: H. cedretorum, H. ciliolata and H. flahaultiana. Several important questions worthy of further investigation, such as evolutionary processes and their major drivers, e.g. environmental change in the Mediterranean basin, flower morphology and associated pollinators, or sympatric versus allopatric speciation have come into sharper focus through this phylogenetic investigation.


As a member of the IBM Academic Initiative, MMU will benefit from IBM software licenses for some 60 middleware products and has remote access to IBM hardware such as System z and System i. MMU will set up an IBM Software Innovation Lab to support the teaching of IT in areas related to IBM's core business.


Production of construction materials causes serious damage to environment. On the other hand, this industry in big scales and with big effect uses waste of other industries that promotes improvement of an ecological situation. The advanced entities build the activities according to standards of the ISO 14000 and theEco-ManagementandAuditScheme (EMAS) series, implement the principles of ecological management. But process goes slowly. As objective obstacles the financial barrier (expenses), ignorance of effects to environment (unhealthy work conditions degree) and what operations need to be performed (to undertake) act. The main difficulty of the problem resolution of ecological production is the person, its values and motives, his consciousness and behavior. Results of research of ecological motivation of future specialists and heads of the entities on production and application of construction materials are given in article. The determining role of mentality and ecological consciousness at slow rates of implementation in production of eco-efficient technologies is proved.


Nine patients with pyogenic arthritis of the knee were treated by closed irrigation and arthrotomy.The patients average age was 66 years (range, eight to eightyfour years). The infecting organism was staphylococcus aureus in four, staphylococcus cohnii in one, staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus intermedius in one and unknown in two.At an average follow-up of eight months (range, two to twenty-four months), one patient had a good result, seven a fair result and one had died of multiple organ failure.It was very important that accidental infection should be prevented following intra-articular steroid injection.


Fifty years on, Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1996 [1962]) remains a landmark, but understanding its consequences for science studies is not simple. In many ways it used ideas from Conant and Polanyi, but it reinserted claims about ungroundable premises from neo-Kantian philosophy, with the predictable result of problems over relativism and scientific progress. These elements remained in social constructionism, leading to problems over reflexivity and reality. Latour, in Science in Action and elsewhere, determinedly turned away from cognitive explanations in favor of networks. But networks do not explain on their own. So the task of socializing the epistemic and espistemologizing the social returns. Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions was, at the time, a dramatic break with something, though in retrospect it is more difficult to see what the break was with than it seemed at the time it was published. 'Positivism' is the usual candidate for the thing that it broke with, but the book was published in the most 'positivist' of book series, and was seen as unproblematic by that most positivist of readers, Rudolph Carnap. The basic framework of the book, the idea of conceptual revolutions, was taken over from Kuhn's mentor and one of the crucial figures in the pre-history of science studies, James Bryant Conant. Conant had employed Kuhn in the Harvard course he had designed to teach nonscience undergraduates what science was, from the point of view of the working scientist struggling with scientific problems, rather than teach them chemical and physical formulas. Much of the descriptive account of the experience of science in Kuhn's book was taken over from Michael Polanyi (1958), whose notion of tacit knowledge, among other things, made its way into the concept of paradigm.


Review(s) of: Bouncers: Violence and Governance in the Night-time Economy, by Dick Hobbs, Philip Hadfield, Stuart Lister and Simon Winlow, Clarendon Studies in Criminology, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003, ISBN 019925224 6, 323 pp.


Activities in a ptogram concerned with development of plasma-jet spray- coating techniques suitable for production of clad ceramic fuel plates are described. Experiments on application of zirconia coatings are also described. A survey of UO/sub 2/ powder was conducted to determine its suitability for plasma spraying. Also conditions were established for spraying fused and milled UO/sub 2/. The effects of process variables on coating and deposition characteristics were found to correlate. Densities of UO/sub 2/ coatings of 75 to 80% were achieved. (J.R.D.)


Parameter identie cation of dynamical systems through a new method that treats the unknown parameters as timedependentisreported.Withappropriateobservationaldata,theunknown systemparametersareguided from an arbitrary initialconditionto theirtruevalueat a e nal time. An explicit equationdescribing thetimeevolutionof theparametersisobtainedbyminimizing theerroralongthetrajectory.Themethodleadstoaniterativealgorithm, which is described in detail. Numerical results with the method indicate that accurate estimates of the unknown parameters can be obtained. I. Introduction T HIS paper presents a new method for parameter identie cation of dynamical systems. This activity falls in the general domain of inverse problems where the interest is to obtain the unknown system parameters from the given output measurement of the system. In many applications there is a nonlinear relationship between the measured output and the desired system unknowns. The inverse problemis further complicated by the fact that the measured data will contain noise and are often insufe cient to uniquely specify a solution. A number of techniques have been developed to treat such problems. A brief summary of results for systems described by ordinary differential equations can be found in, for example, Refs. 1 and 2. These approaches include the method of least squares, stochastic least squares, maximum likelihood, and a number of other variations. These schemes have also been applied to dynamical systems governed by partial differential equations. 3,4 A generalized class of linear inversion methods has been applied to a number of physical systems involving replacement of the nonlinear relationship between the observed data and the unknowns with a linear approximation. A comprehensive review of this approach can be found. 5,6 Of particular interest are direct inversion schemes for continuous systemsthatarebasedonregularization. 7 Inthispaper,we approach the parameter identie cation problem for systems governed by ordinary differential equations in a way that permits a similar treatment of the problem. We then use regularization to stabilize the inversion. The method leads to an explicit differential equation for the unknown parameters, which is used in an iterative algorithm. In this paper, we do not address the question of system identie ability . 8 We present a method that can be used to estimate the parameters for systems that are identie able. Thepaperisorganizedasfollow.InSec.II,wepresentthegeneral algorithm along with a number of numerical examples. Section III considers an extension of the method to a broader class of systems, including further numerical results, and Sec. IV is devoted to conclusions.


The weapons from Populonia and Vetulonia have been the subject of an admirable study by Signora Tallochini and I am most grateful for her help when I was working in the Archæological Museum at Florence, where I was afforded every facility for studying the bronzes from these sites. Tomb 7 at Piano delle Granate, Populonia, an inhumation 'fossa' grave contained the bronze dagger (fig. 1, no. 1), a fibula with slightly thickened round bow, a bronze ring, fragments of bronze nails and bronze hooks, and fragmentary remains of the bows and pins of fibulas. There was no pottery. The description and contents of the tomb are published in Notizie degli Scavi, 1917, p.76 and also in A. Minto, Populonia: la Necropoli arcaica, Florence, 1922, p. 64. This tomb was one of a group of 'fossa graves' excavated in 1915 and situated close to the seashore on the flat area known as Piano delle Granate. When I visited Populonia in 1953 it was still possible to locate the tholos tombs and the fossa graves, which, with many cremation burials, were found all over this area, in spite of the thickness of the 'macchia' often entirely covering the tombs. An examination of the relative position of the chamber tombs and fossa graves certainly confirmed Minto's conclusion based on a study of the contents of the three different kinds of burials, that the cremation, fossa and some of the earliest type of chamber tombs must all have been used contemporaneously. This group of tombs when excavated also yielded the series of stilted fibulas and the fibula 'a serpegiante' (fig. 2).


. Techniques have been developed in our labora tory which permit the study of growth patterns under a variety of experimental conditions. The experimental subject under investigation is the larva of the common fruit fly Drosophilia melanogaster. Studies involving exposure of the organism to thermal, gravitational, electromagnetic, and mag netic agents have already been conducted. A particular ad vantage of employing the larvae is that they possess a relative ly rapid and simple growth pattern from which experimental constants can be obtained and statistically analyzed. During their 96-hour growth period, the approximate time from the hatching of the egg to pupae forn1ation, the larvae need only be interrupted for about one-half hour each day for purposes of measurement. Growth patterns have been fitted to curves predicted by Compound-Interest and Verhulst-Reed-Pearl Equations. During the early growth phase excellent fit can be obtained to the exponential curve predicted by the former equation.


In this article we analyse firms' ability to tacitly collude on prices in an infinitely repeated duopoly game of vertical product differentiation. We show that firms collude if and only if their discount factor is high enough, that is, if they value future profits sufficiently. We also show that a lower cost of copying facilitates collusion but that a higher quality of the copy hinders collusion. Thus, the overall effect of these new characteristics of copies made by consumers is ambiguous.


Why did certain German Jews collect French avant-garde art at a time when German collectors shunned it? Why did a circle of Jewish patrons 'collect against the grain' at a time when most German Jews wanted to assimilate and integrate into German society? Why were they prepared to be different? Their enthusiasm resulted in the astonishing fact that 85% of French modernist art collectors in Wilhelmine Germany originated amongst the German Jewish haute bourgeoisie. As a historian of German Jewry with a particular interest in the arts as a manifestation of cultural history, I was fascinated by the above questions and this phenomenon unique in modernist collecting.


K E Y W O R D S Old Tibetan, switch reference, subordination This is a contribution from Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. 21(1): 29-39 ISSN 1544-7502 © 2022. All rights reserved. This Portable Document Format (PDF) file may not be altered in any way. Tables of contents, abstracts, and submission guidelines are available at escholarship.org/uc/himalayanlinguistics Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. 21(1). © Himalayan Linguistics 2022 ISSN 1544-7502 Making and agreeing to requests in Old Tibetan Nathan W. Hill Trinity College Dublin


According to the results of seismic,well logging,core analysis data formation testing,the study of structure,sediment and reservoir characteristics indicated that the major influential factors included low structural scope,weak sedimentary hydrodynamic environment and high clay mineral volume,etc in the low-resistivity reservoirs of Cretaceous in K Oilfield.On the basis of genetic types,the relationship between the resistivity of oil zones with similar properties and the height deviation above oil-water contact deposited in the same sedimentary environment,and it presented that the low limit of resistivity of oil zone should be distinguish for different depth intervals in order to decrease the influences caused by gravity differentiation,and the resistivity ratio methods are also used to identify oil zone.The low-resistivity reservoir distributes in subsea distributary channel terminal or sandsheet deposited in weak hydrodynamic environment laterally,while it is located in the lower tectonic setting or the upper of positive rhythm vertically.


The high temperature strorage reliability of Cu bonds formed with 20 μm copper wire by ultrasonic bonding process after encapsulation with epoxy molding compounds was investigated.SEM was used to analyze the interfacial microstructure and IMCs on the bonding interface after thermal aging.EDS was used to identify the IMCs compositions.A great amount of Cu/Al IMCs as well as micro-cracks and Kirkendall voids are found on the bonding interface after thermal aging with 9 days at 200 ℃ and with 9 hours at 250 ℃.With 16 hours aging at 250 ℃,the element Sb which is decomposed from the epoxy molding compounds started to react with Cu ball bonds to form Cu3Sb.When the aging time is more than 49 hours at 250 ℃,Cu wire loop is broken and serious corrosion is found in Cu ball bond.Furthermore,Ag migration phenomenon occurs if the aging time is more than 24 hours at 250 ℃ or 4 hours at 300 ℃.


This work presents a phase unwrapping (PU) algorithm for SAR interferometry based on an approximate grid-based filter (GbF). This PU algorithm, which makes use of state space techniques, performs simultaneously noise filtering and phase unwrapping. The formulation of this technique provides independence from noise statistics and is not constrained by the non-linearity of the problem. Results obtained with synthetic and real data show a significant improvement with respect to conventional PU algorithms in some situations.


A STUDY OF THE LONG TERM IMPACT OF AN INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE PROGRAM ON STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE AND INTEREST IN SCIENCE CAREERS FEBRUARY 1998 HELEN LUSSIER GIBSON B.S.. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST M.Ed. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ed.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Klaus Schultz One reason science enrichment programs were created was to address the underrepresentation of women and minorities in science. These programs were designed to increase underrepresented groups' interest in science and science careers. One attempt to increase students' interest in science was the Summer Science Exploration Program (SSEP). The SSEP was a two week, inquiry-based summer science camp offered by Hampshire College for students entering grades seven and eight. Students who participated were from three neighboring school districts in Western Massachusetts. The goal of the program was to stimulate greater interest in science and scientific careers among middle school students, in particular among females and students of color. A review of the literature of inquiry-based science programs revealed that the effect of inquiry-based programs on students' attitudes towards science is typically investigated shortly after the end of the treatment period. The findings


Radio astronomy instrumentation is continually seeking greater processing bandwidths whilst maintaining output frequency resolutions of order one kHz per channel. With the recent commercial availability of multi Giga sample per second analog to digital converters, instantaneous processing bandwidths of the order of hundreds of MHz to many GHz are now viable for radio astronomy applications. This is driving the design of more efficient filter-bank architectures to manage the significant frequency channelisation task. In this paper we present a new multi-stage filter-bank for the ASKAP instrument. We cover the filter-bank architecture, some of the design constraints governing its implementation, and considerations relating to the filter-bank outputs.


Twenty-five years ago the American Bar Association established a new section to reflect the growing complexity of a legal area and the increasing specialization necessary in the field: the Section of Family Law. That Section has grown from a handful to its current member ship of close to 14,000, an increase which itself comments on the growth of activity in family law and its importance to American society. Near the end of its first decade, the Section established a journal, the Family Law Quarterly, to create a bridge between scholarship and practice. Robert F. Drinan, S.J., then Chairman of the Section and Dean of the Boston College Law School, was the first editor and held the position until 1970, when he became a member of Congress. The Section leadership passed the torch to me. Those twenty-five years have seen enormous changes?in Ameri can mores, in the condition of women, in the attitudes toward chil dren, fathers, toward the law itself. Women are no longer merely modest, self-effacing sanctuaries for their energetic spouses who daily attack the economic domain to earn provision for their homes, but equal partners in an ongoing relationship, which even if it termi nates in divorce leaves them with rights unheard of twenty-five years ago. Fault in divorce is almost a dead issue. Marriage itself is only one of the choices for cohabitation, and recently even cohabitants of the same sex have been claiming rights if the parties break up or if one of them dies. Marital property has been redefined to include pensions, work benefits, professional gains, and even reputation. Children are no longer only pawns between battling parents, but in


Fundraising cross-border Zakah, infaq (charity spending), waqf (endowment) and sadaqah (voluntary charity) (ZISWAF) stated in Article 16 Law No. 23/2011 on Zakat Management is carried out by Baznas by forming UPZ representatives of the Republic of Indonesia abroad. The power of fintech that might be operated on a global scale can be an alternative for ZISWAF international friendly transfers. Based on the Islamic Finance News (IFN) report, as many as 142 Islamic fintechs are available worldwide. Islamic FinTech offers the opportunity to become more applicable to global Muslims. This article is a normative economic analysis on the basis of secondary data. This study found that there are three methods for managing transnational ziswaf that have been used globally, i.e, fintech crowdfunding cryptocurrency using a blockchain-based system, Payment via foreign fintech and fintech transfer peer-to-peer remittance, However, due to a number of variables, fintech remittance has an edge in the innovation of collecting ziswaf overseas in terms of popularity and halal transactions, despite the fact that it is not in the form of sharia. However, the development of sharia fintech remains the main goal of implementing muamalah in a kaffah ways. Key word: jizwaf, fintech syariah, ziswaf overseas, remittance


Observations show that the near-sill dynamics of dense abyssal overflows is variable and is governed, to a significant extent, by a balance between rotation, bottom friction and downslope acceleration due to gravity. Numerical simulations indicate that the near-sill downslope velocities are comparable to the phase/group velocities of long internal gravity waves. This suggests the possibility that overflows can become supercritical and destabilized by bottom friction. A theory is presented for the frictional destabilization of rotating abyssal overflows and the accompanying baroclinic coupling with the overlying ocean. This mode of transition allows for the formation of downslope and alongslope propagating periodic bores or pulses in the overflow and the generation of amplifying long internal gravity waves in the overlying ocean, and may help to explain aspects of the observed variability which seem unrelated to purely inertial baroclinic instability.


Carbonyls play an important role in atmospheric chemistry due to their formation in the photooxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and their high atmospheric reactivity. The Cl-initiated kinetics of two α-diketones (2,3-pentanedione (PTD) and 2,3-hexanedione (HEX)) have been determined as well as the OH + HEX rate constant using atmospheric simulation chamber experiments and the relative rate method. Up to three different reference compounds were used to assess robust results. The following rate constants (in cm3 molecule−1 s−1) have been obtained at 298 K: k(Cl + PTD) = (1.6 ± 0.2) × 10−11, k(Cl + HEX) = (8.8 ± 0.4) × 10−11, and k(OH + HEX) = (3.6 ± 0.7) × 10−12 with a global uncertainty of 30%. The present determinations of Cl- and OH- reaction rate constants for HEX constitute first measurements. Using the present measurements, a recently improved structure–activity relationship for Cl + ketone reactions has been updated by introducing an F(–COCO–) factor of 8.33 × 10−4. Atmospheric lifetime calculations indicate that chlorine-initiated oxidation may be a significant α-diketone sink in the marine-boundary layer or in places where high Cl concentrations may be found.


Heteroepitaxial Si/CoSi2/Si structures were made by high dose implantation of Co in a Si wafer. These single crystaline layers were investigated with 57Co source Mossbauer spectroscopy, 4He ion channeling and X-ray scattering. All results show there is a structural phase transition in the buried CoSi2 layer at a temperature around 200 K.


In the generator motor system for hoisting in mine exists self sustaining oscillation caused by the excitation saturation of generator.This self sustaining oscillation must be controlled within permissible range,otherwise it will leave hidden troubles for safety.This paper discussed the stabilizing transformer as a corrected link,which was used to restrict the range value of the self sustaining oscillation of the system and keep it in the permissible range of technical conditions so as to guarantee the stability of the system.


The article attempts to sketch a picture of the often ambivalent way in which psycho-pedagogical theory formation in Belgium was constructed before WW II. We consider Darwinism's impact on it by means of three positions that we will take as marking the path for the development of our thought on the matter: 1) The "influence" of Darwin proceeded indirectly, via the mediation of other, foreign authors; 2) The ideological fault lines between Catholics and non-Catholics were drawn clearly in the Belgian reception of Darwin.; 3) The central figure in the historical process of "associating" with the theory of evolution in theory formation about education was that of "appropriation" in which diverse elements of evolutionism were taken out of their historical context and were "functionalistically" inserted into an alien environment.


The invention discloses a PBS (Polybuthylenesuccinate) /PLA (Polylactic Acid)/PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoate) biodegradable composite material and a preparation method thereof. The PBS/PLA/PHA composite material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the PLA, the PBS, the PHA, citric acid, rubidium benzoate, bismuth trifluoromethanesulfonate, erucyl amide, filler, a compatilizer, a plasticizer, an antioxidant and an antibacterial agent. By reasonably selecting the materials and proportioning, the PBS/PLA/PHA composite material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention plays the characteristics of respective properties of the PBS, the PLA and the PHA, and has higher impact-resisting strength, tensile strength and elongation at break, good comprehensive mechanical property, long service life and wide application range.


To study the reason of arch forming and the influence of the cone-in-cone insert when the ratio of the outlet size of the hopper to the diameter of the particle was little,and to solve the problem of contact force measuring hardly in the experiment,the discrete element method(DEM) was used to simulate the arch forming model and the cone-in-cone insert model.A three-dimensional DEM software PFC3D was used to build a model of an arch in the hopper.It can be observed from the accumulate energy function when the arch was formed.The contact force can be shown in the model to analysis its characteristic.A cone-in-cone insert then was added in the foregoing model to simulate the flow of the particles.A comparison was drawn between the two models to analysis the cause of arch forming.The results show that the decrease porosity leads to the increase contact force which causes arch forming easily,when the ratio of the diameter of the particle to the outlet size of the hopper is large.Besides,the cone-in cone insert can undertake the pressure between the particles around the outlet of the hopper.It increases the porosity,breaks the condition of the arch forming,and improves the flow ability of the particles.


This paper discusses the divergence in industrial growth for two countries Zambia and South Korea and tries to draw lessons from South Korea for Zambia's industrial policy and strategies that leads to industrial transformation and job creation. The conceptual framework argues that South Korea having evolved into a developmental state was fundamental to its transformation to an industrial state while Zambia failed to advance beyond the development state status.


Qualitative descriptive study whose objectives were to describe and discuss ways to learn how to research in nursing degree. The work was based on the theoretical framework of Pedro Demo (2005, 2007). The scenario was the School of Nursing and Midwifery of the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico City, Mexico. Semistructured interview to seven students of the seventh semester of undergraduate nursing was applied. Content analysis of speeches was used. What revealed the phenomenon through three categories: 1) Space and time learning to build and rebuild, with six criteria: Observation, Reading, Interview, documented Reconstruction, Articulating theory and practice, and Transiting in virtuality. 2) Action reflective multidimensional; three criteria: dimensional analysis, dimensional analysis and dimensional analysis. 3) Humanizing learning to investigate; five criteria: Interest, Affiliation, empathy, assertiveness and sensitive dialogue. He had the final considerations that learning to research in nursing degree, is a complex process of learning, of subjective interaction between teacher and student, applicant a humanized treatment and continuous support and recursive, which requires the development of cognitive skills , social interaction, human, technical and instrumental interaction; with a close link between theory and practice of discipline; plus the ability to search for information, information analysis, academic documentary design, management of information technology and communication and learning tutoring.


The objective of a survey of attitudes on various aspects of childbearing and fertility in the Philippines was the formulation of testable hypotheses that would prove useful for fertility analysis both in the Philippines and in South and Southeast Asia. The survey design specified 90 in-depth interviews of ever-married women 15-49 years of age in urban core town center and rural areas. From the results of the interviews it was determined that there were 11 most commonly expressed views: 1) children add to the family work force and help to keep the house clean; 2) children motivate parents to strive harder to succeed in life to become more competent and to become more creative; 3) children make parents feel needed and useful and while living at home prevent parents from feeling lonely; 4) successful children are a source of pride for parents; 5) parents intend to put all boys through college if they can afford it and if the boys qualify; 6) children provide economic support and show generation respect for older parents; 7) parents enjoy children and like to have them in the home; 8) children bring the husband and wife more closely together and generally cement family ties; 9) children especially girls help the education of younger children; 10) children increase the family income and increase the familys economic and political power; and 11) continuance of the family income and line is a motive for bearing children especially boys. All of these views represent a familistic orientation with emphasis on psychological and economic security in the family but there is also a quantitative aspect which is implicit. The hypothesis offered on the basis of the views reported is that family planning is present and available at relatively low costs at the same time when an increasing number of parents are beginning to believe that the economic benefits they seek for their families and to a growing extent for themselves are no longer to be found in large families and therefore they no longer see large numbers of children as an economically rational means of achieving their goals.


Golden Camellia species are highly specific to certain soil environments. Most species are only native to calcareous soils in karst regions, except for a few that grow only in acidic soils. Our aim is to elucidate the adaptation mechanisms of the species of calcareous-soil golden Camellia (CSC) and acidic-soil golden Camellia (ASC) to habitat soils through plant–soil nutrient characteristics and their relationships. We investigated 30 indices for soils and plants. Compared with ASC, CSC had more fertile soil, while their plant tissues exhibited stronger Ca, P, and Mn and weaker K storage, which may be important mechanisms for adapting to habitat soils. However, ASC showed a higher biological absorption coefficient (BAC) for nutrients, which may contribute to the adaptation of ASC to relatively barren acidic soils. Both CSC and ASC showed much higher BAC and accumulation of Ca than other nutrients. We also found that the concentrations of nutrients in the different tissues varied considerably between species. Correlation analysis revealed 135 significant relationships between the 30 indices, with the soil pH and soil Ca levels being the most important factors influencing the nutrient uptake network. This information helps in understanding the adaptation mechanisms of karst plants to habitat soils.


The postgraduate education is a very important part of medical education.Based on many years' experiences of postgraduate education in otolaryngology and for improving the educational quality of postgraduate education in clinical medicine,several key links are proposed and emphasized as follows: the quality of enrollment,course teaching,selection,argumentation and researches for dissertation topics,practical skills in clinical medicine,paper writing and defense for degree,etc.Simultaneously,the level and diathesis of tutors is another key issue for enhancing the education quality.


We consider the status of the interpretation of the second-order Raman (''two-roton'') scattering in superfluid /sup 4/He. The experimental results are widely considered to provide evidence of the existence of and a value for the binding energy of a two-roton bound state (or resonance). We have previously shown that these conclusions are risky at best, since they are based on an analysis ignoring the fundamental fact that two molecules cannot overlap. Since the import of this argument has not been fully appreciated we reiterate and further illustrate it here. In particular, we estimate that a change in t (k), the ''light-helium coupling'' or pair polarizability, which is on the order of the uncertainty in the correct value of this function, can shift ..omega../sub 0/, the frequency of the peak in the Raman scattering, by 0.24 /sup 0/K. This figure is as large as the difference between the observed value of ..omega../sub 0/ and 2..delta.., where ..delta.. is the roton energy. So this difference, which is often cited as evidence for a two-roton bound state, may not be characteristic of quasiparticle dynamics alone.


Based on the comprehensive development background of economic globalization and technological integration, the comprehensive strength of China's politics, economy and culture has been rising, and the improvement of international status also means that the communication between China and the world is getting closer. English is the number one language in the world, and in the process of world integration, the need for comprehensive English talents is also increasing. Based on this major background of the digital age, broadening the teaching mode of English in universities to cultivate comprehensive quality talents has become the core content of the education of English subjects in universities at this stage. This paper analyses and discusses the construction of university English teaching mode in the context of big data technology, hoping that this can give advice and inspiration to the majority of relevant workers.


Introduction is given to some accessories and special parts for spinning frames from both at home and abroad.Analysis is done to the effect of some special parts of special material and special surface performance on the quality of resultant yarn,especially on hairiness.Conclusion is made that surface treatment technology is important to some accessories such as the guide wire and the balloon ring.


Taking as a basis both the s-p and paramagnon approximations, we explore the consequences of a phenomenological model for the low-frequency effective interaction (vertex function) in /sup 3/He of the form (unsymmetrized) GAMMA/sup k/ approx. -J (q) S x S + V (q). Here q represents the magnitudes of the momentum and energy transfer and S = 1/2. Using the known Landau scattering amplitudes, we demonstrate that within this ansatz it is possible, to (i) understand the magnitude and pressure dependence of the superfluid transition temperature T/sub c/, (ii) give a partial justification for the validity of the s-p approximation as applied to transport properties, and (iii) understand qualitatively the stabilization of the superfluid A phase within a more general framework than the paramagnon model. The present ansatz yields the same expression for the scattering amplitudes A (THETA,O), as does the s-p approximation at THETA = Pi, which limit is most significant for transport properties. We find that the values of the Landau scattering amplitudes, (i) and (iii) are consistent with the picture that J (q) is peaked around q = 0 and that J (0) is larger than the potential term, V. This description is similar to that usedmore » in spin-fluctuation theories. Choosing the parameters in GAMMA/sup k/ to yield reasonable fits to the measured )A/sup s/,a/sub l/), we find by numerical solution of the Eliashberg equations that T/sub c/ approx. 0.1 T/sub F/e/sup -9/A/s-italic1. This expression which is in good agreement with experiment at all pressures provides confirmation of the importance of spin fluctuations in T/sub c/. Numerical examples of the pressure dependent )A/sup s/,a/sub l/) and T/sub c/ are given for a number of different models for the functions J and V.« less


Kwamaegi is made from the flesh of Pacific saury, Cololabis Saira, which is traditional Korean seafood. It is well-recognized as a valuable health food containing EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) to be known ω-3 fatty acid. This study was conducted to obtain basic data which can be applied to process of canned Kwamaegi using tomato paste sauce. Commercial Kwamaegi was cut into 2x3 ㎝ lengths, filled 90 g into can (301-3), added with 60 g water and then precooked for 10 min. at 100℃. After precooking, water was drained. The precooked Kwamaegi was packed into the can, and added with 60 g of tomato paste sauce(tomato paste 42%, gum guar 1.0%, salt 2.0%, starch syrup 2.0%, cooking wine 1%, water 52%). The cans were seamed using a vacuum seamer, and then sterilized for various Fo values (Fo 8~12 min.) in a steam system retort at 121℃. pH, VBN, amino-N, total amino acid, free amino acid, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, TBA value, mineral, sensory evaluation and viable bacterial count of the canned Kwamaegi using tomato paste sauce produced at various sterilization condition(Fo 8~12 min.) were measured. There was no remarkable difference between sterilization conditions and sensual characteristics. The results showed that the product sterilized at Fo 8 min. was the most desirable because this condition is the most economical and tasty.


This study aims to investigate how the Règlement Général d'Éducation Physique, nationally known as the French Method, was developed in France. It goes through in search of new representations to understand this object, which, in its historicity, was marked by an eclectic philosophy. It dialogues with the assumptions of Cultural History (CERTEAU, 1994; CHARTIER, 2002) and Micro-history 1 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Vitória, ES, Brasil. <firstname.lastname@example.com> 2 Prefeitura Municipal de Castelo. Castelo, ES, Brasil. <firstname.lastname@example.com> 3 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Vitória, ES, Brasil. <firstname.lastname@example.com>


A total of 100 farmer respondents were purposively selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The objectives were to determine the management and marketing practices, assess flock performance under village condition, and identify the current problems and constraints in the production of native chicken. Results showed that the main sources of income were raising animals and planting crops. Majority raised native chicken traditionally in the range as a source of food and income. The birds were given fresh coconut meat and ground corn. Most farmers were not practicing egg collection. Artificial incubation and vaccination of chicks were never done. Selection of breeders, mostly from previous stocks, was being done based on body conformation. The mean number of eggs laid per clutch was 11.4±2.6. Hatchability rate based on egg set was 72.6±18.4% while chick mortality was 43.0±21.2%. Majority of the farmers were not selling eggs. On the average, 12.3± 10.2 head of native chicken of any type were being sold in a year. Outbreak of disease was isolated as the major constraint in raising native chicken. Despite this, most of the respondents were still willing to improve production. Results of the correlation analysis showed that income of the respondents had significant moderate positive linear relationship (r=0.44, P<O.OS) with feed cost for native chicken. The number of native chicken raised per household had a significant weak positive linear correlation with feed cost (r=0.33, P<O.OS) and monthly household consumption of native chicken (r=0.23, P<O.OS).


The utility model discloses a tire with a reinforced tire sidewall. The tire comprises a cover tire comprising a tire tread part, a tire shoulder part, a tire sidewall part and a tire bead, wherein the tire sidewall part is provided with a reinforcing layer. The reinforcing layer is added at the tire sidewall part so as to increase the thickness of the tire sidewall part and ensure the excellent wear-resistance of the tire sidewall, and therefore, the cover tire is not worn easily when the tire is in travelling on a mountain road and the service life of the tire is prolonged.


BACKGROUND
Diazinon is a widely used organophosphorus neurotoxic insecticide. It is a common environmental contaminant and a hazardous agri-waste. Its detection is critical to control entry into food systems and protect the environment.

METHODS
In this study, three single-stranded DNA aptamers specific for diazinon were discovered using the systematic evolution of ligands by the exponential enrichment (SELEX) process. Since aptamer-based sensors are quick and straightforward to analyze, they could potentially replace the time-consuming and labor-intensive traditional methods used for diazinon detection.

RESULTS
Here, we show the engineering of novel sensors for diazinon detection with a high affinity (Kd), specificity, and high sensitivity at the ppb level. Moreover, the aptamers were helpful in the simultaneous detection of two other structurally relevant insecticides, fenthion, and fenitrothion. Furthermore, the real vegetable and fruit samples confirmed the specific detection of diazinon using DIAZ-02.

CONCLUSIONS
We developed novel biosensors and optimized the assay conditions for the detection of diazinon from food samples, such as vegetables and fruit. The biosensor could be adopted to analyze toxicants and contaminants in food, water, and nature as point-of-care technology.


This book explores the opinions teachers have towards the teaching and learning of children with low vision in Nkwanta South District of the Volta Region, Ghana. The respondents of the study were teachers. The book is based on data collected from ninety teachers in Nkwanta South District of the Volta Region, Ghana. All respondents answered the questionnaire. The data were analysed using tables, frequencies and percentages. The study found out that, pupils with low vision face academic challenges such as lack of braille books, difficulty in reading print from textbook and writing on the chalkboard, difficulty in accessing information and organizing it, lack the ability to visualize and associate words with objects and little or no ability for observation. The study recommends that the Ghana Education Service in Nkwanta South District, Volta Region, Non-Governmental Organization and benevolent people should play their role effectively in inclusive education to help provide the necessary equipment and materials to equip pupils with low vision academically since some of them are talented and gifted.


In this project, a prototype of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) training module for positioning and sorting was designed and developed. The design was based on Programme Educational Objectives (PEO) and Program Learning Outcomes (PLO) for Diploma in Industrial Mechatronics Engineering Technology and Course Learning Outcomes (CLO) for Automation course (HFC4033) in Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA Balik Pulau. The prototype consists of two main parts that are: i) Plug and Learn PLC Controller, and ii) Positioning and Sorting Training Kit. Plug and Learn PLC Controller was developed using the Siemen S7-200 CPU 226 as a controller and EM 253 was used as positioning wizard module. Positioning and Sorting Training Kit used standard automation components namely conveyor, sensor and others as input/output (I/O) to the prototype system. The learning activities were conducted using two approaches that is Teacher Centred Learning (TCL) approach and Student Centred Learning (SCL) approach. The effectiveness of the learning approach and the PLC Training Module was evaluated using rubric marking scheme and qualitative survey questionnaire. Based on this evaluation, two group taught in SCL approach managed to complete assigned tasks faster than the group taught using TCL approach. Group from the TCL approach completed the task in procedural stages (structured) compared to the groups from the SCL approach that completed the task in less structured (unstructured). However not all groups using SCL method scored high marks in evaluation criteria for project functionality, design skills and level of understanding. Finding also suggests that SCL approach does not guarantee better performance among passive student. With this PLC training module using SCL approach, the finding shows that the learning strategy can better prepare student to solve real industrial problem. However, it does not necessarily motivated passive student.


a-Galactosidase (melibiase, a-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 184.108.40.206) from the mycelium of Mortierella vinacea1 ] catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal a-galactosidic linkages of glycosides. The enzyme is used in the beet sugar industry for decomposing raffinose in beet molasses. For elucidating the substrate specificity of the enzyme, various kinds of a-galactose-containing oligosaccharides are necessary. However, the difficulty of substrate preparation has been an obstacle to the investigation. Vice versa, the enzymehas not been used for the structural analysis of 237


In this edition of Standard Ship Designs principal particulars and drawings of a wide range of standard-design bulk carriers, combination ore/bulk/oil carriers and tankers for both liquids and liquefied gases are presented. Included are many successful designs which are still in production, were until recently or are still being offered by the shipbuilder. Some are still being marketed but may never have been built, and some are new designs which may or may not be realized in steel. Out of necessity brought by rising costs and poor markets, shipbuilding technology has advanced further in the past three years or so than it probably did in the previous twenty. This continues apace so that many of the details of the ships in this book will have been changed before the book appears in print. The main source used in the compilation of this edition has been technical details and catalogs supplied by the various shipbuilding organizations. For related document, see AN 690, Record 3811.


Objective: To study the correlation between NF-κB expression in gastric carcinoma and noncancerous tissue and clinicalpathological data including tumor differentiation,infiltrating,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.Methods: Expression of NF-κB was examined in 78 gastric carcinomas by Envision two-step immunohistochemical methods. Results: The staining of NF-κB was stronger in gastric carcinomas than in the epithelia cell of noncancerous tissues and was higher in low differentiation cancer cells than well differentiated ones.The cancers with lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis had more enhanced NF-κB expression than the cancers without lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis,and the deeper extent of infiltrating,the higher NF-κB expression. Conclusion: It was strongly expressed the expression of NF-κBp65 in gastric carcinoma.NF-κBp65 played an important action in the occurrence and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.It could become a new target of treatment of gastric carcinoma.


An attempt is made to interpret the temperature independent factor ${D}_{0}$ of the previously determined diffusion coefficients of interstitial solute atoms in metals. The primary uncertainty in the value of ${D}_{0}$ given by the standard reaction rate theory resides in an entropy factor $\mathrm{exp}(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}S}{R})$. When cognizance is taken of an additional strain in the lattice surrounding a solute atom as it passes over a potential energy divide, and of the increase in entropy associated with an increase in lattice strain energy, one can estimate a "theoretical" range within which these entropy factors should lie. All past observations except for C and N in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe}$ are consistent with this theoretical range. The ${D}_{0}'\mathrm{s}$ for these two systems were, therefore, redetermined by more precise measurements, and are found to be an order of magnitude higher than the original values. The associated entropy factors are consistent with the theoretical range.


Introduction. For the joint use of L-tryptophan with tiotriazoline, it is necessary to solve the problem of the possibility of formation of sufficiently stable intermolecular complexes of these compounds. Therefore, it seemed interesting to consider the possible structure and energetic characteristics of complexes formed by L-tryptophan, 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl-5-thioacetate (MTTA) and morpholine to create a dosage form.


Sucrose synthetase from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) has been purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The molecular weight of sucrose synthetase was determined to be about lo6 by gel filtration chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The density of the sucrose synthetase particle was determined by equilibrium sedimentation to be 1.20 g per cc. The ability to catalyze the synthesis of sucrose from each of the nucleoside diphosphate glucoses containing uridine, adenosine, thymidine, cytidine, and guanosine remains associated with the purified particle. Attempts to subdivide the particle into catalytically active units have been unsuccessful. The Michaelis constants of the substrates for the sucrose synthetase particles and the maximum velocities of sucrose synthesis in the presence of each of the nucleoside diphosphate glucoses have been determined. In competition experiments between pairs of nucleoside diphosphate glucoses, uridine diphosphate glucose inhibits the synthesis of sucrose from the other nucleoside diphosphate glucoses far more effectively than would be expected on the basis of competition between the substrates for the same catalytic sites. On the other hand, the adenosine-, thymidine-, &dine-, and guanosine-containing nucleoside diphosphate glucoses do not inhibit sucrose synthesis from uridine diphosphate glucose as effectively as would be anticipated on the basis of a simple competition mechanism. It is concluded that uridine diphosphate glucose is able to control the synthesis of the other nucleoside diphosphate glucoses from sucrose by causing a modification of sucrose synthetase.


A re-selling and re-purchasing system for an internet advertisement and a method thereof are provided to purchase an advertised product from a portal site server and to re-sell the purchased product to a product seller so that portal sites may make a profit. A product purchasing sever(100) purchases and re-purchases an advertised product which is sold and distributed in an advertisement sales site sever(400), and the product purchasing sever includes the followings. A product generation sever(200) generates an advertising product, which is to be re-sold, from the purchased and re-purchased the advertised products. A billing sever(300) transfers the information of the generated advertised product to a seller terminal(500), receives payment completion information, and then transmits the information of the re-sold and payment-completed product to the advertisement sales site sever. The advertisement sales site sever exposes the re-sold and advertised products to a website.


This collection is a welcome and timely addition to Wiley Blackwell's extensive and thought-provoking series for the Journal of Philosophy of Education. Several previous volumes have taken a variet...


Students sometimes need a break from paper and pencil math problems in order to keep them interested and stimulated in math. For some kids certain math concepts are too abstract and need to be made more hands-on. This activity takes away the abstract idea and replaces it with a concrete model. Students will be able to describe the difference between area and volume and to understand how various units of measure relate to one another after working in small groups to create models of various units of measure.


Level 2 fusion is defined as situation awareness. Unfortunately, that is the point where the agreement on Level 2 fusion ends. The distinctions between the boundaries between Levels 1, 2, and 3 are not clearly defined. As a result, these disputes tend to cloud the discussion on the required functionality required of a Level 2 tracking system. Our approach to develop a system that solves a perceived Level 2 problem has three basic tenets: define the problem, develop the concept of the fusion architecture, and define the object state. These tenets provide the foundation to outline and explain the conceptual approach to a Level 2 problem. Each step from the problem fundamentals to the state definition used in the formulation of algorithmic approaches are presented. The discussion begins with a summary of the military problem, which can be considered situation assessment, of multiple levels of unit aggregation to determine force composition, current capabilities, and posture. The problem consists of fusion Level 1 information, incorporating doctrine and other knowledge base information to form a coherent scene of what exists in the field that can then be used as a component of intent analysis. The development of the problem model leads to the development of a Fusion architecture approach. The approach mirrors one of the standard approaches of Level 1 fusion: detection, prediction, association, hypothesis generation and management, and update. Unlike the Level 1 problem, these implementation steps will not become a rehash of the Kalman filter or similar approaches. Instead, the architecture permits a composite set of approaches including symbolic methodologies. The problem definition and the architecture lead to the development of the system state which represents the internal composition of the units and their aggregates. From this point, the discussion concludes with a short summary of potential algorithms proposed for implementation.


Our study comes from the desire to highlight certain problems faced by adulthood, as well as the awareness of practicing physical exercise in water and on land, in order to combat them. Hypothesis of the work; it is assumed that through a thorough study in terms of body composition and mental status of patients of adult age, we will identify some problems that arise during this period of life and at the same time we will be able to develop truthful programs by applying physical means. The purpose of our work consists in highlighting the main problems of normoponderality and mental status on the patients subjected to the study by applying various tests that will highlight these aspects. Objectives of the study: Identification of body composition and mental status of adult patients; Patients' awareness of the normoponderality and mental problems arising from the applied tests; Promoting physical activities on land and in water, in adulthood. The result of questioning the subjects subjected to the study on the evaluation of the mental status revealed the fact that they have a temporal, spatial orientation, an adequate memory and attention, as well as a reading-writing and copying capacity corresponding to the age, and the determination of the body composition was achieved with the help of the "Tanita" device through which it was found an average of the group of subjects of 43.13% fat, 25,80 % muscle mass, 6,83 % bone mass, and water 42,22 %.


Gene regulation is a dynamic process in which transcription factors (TFs) play an important role to control spatiotemporal gene expression. While gene regulatory networks describe the interactions between TFs and their target genes, our global knowledge about the complexity of TF control for different genes and biological processes is incomplete. To enhance our understanding of the global regulatory lexicon in Arabidopsis thaliana, different regulatory input networks capturing complementary information about DNA motifs, open chromatin, TF binding and expression-based regulatory interactions, were combined using a supervised learning approach, resulting in an integrated gene regulatory network (iGRN) covering 1,491 TFs and 31,393 target genes (1.7 million interactions). This iGRN outperforms the different input networks to predict known regulatory interactions and has a similar performance to recover functional interactions compared to state-of-the-art experimental methods like yeast one-hybrid and ChIP-seq. The iGRN correctly inferred known functions for 681 TFs and predicted new gene functions for hundreds of unknown TFs. For regulators predicted to be involved in reactive oxygen species stress regulation, we confirmed in total 75% of TFs with a function in ROS and/or physiological stress responses. This includes 13 novel ROS regulators, previously not connected to any ROS or stress function, that were experimentally validated in our ROS-specific phenotypic assays of loss- or gain-of-function lines. In conclusion, the presented iGRN offers a high-quality starting point integrating different experimental data types at the network level to enhance our understanding of gene regulation in plants.


We acknowledge the assistance of our colleagues in the Bureau of Health in Keelung City for implementing the KCIS program. Conflict of Interest: All authors have no conflicts of interest. Author Contributions: Chiung-Jung Wen: data analysis, interpretation, literature search, figures, writing. Amy Ming-Fang Yen: data collection and analysis. Sherry YuehHsia Chiu, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Jean Ching-Yuan Fann: data interpretation, light editing. Yuarn-Chung Hwang, Ta-Fu Chen, Ying-Rong Wen: data collection. Horng-Huei Liou: study design, data collection and interpretation, substantial editing of manuscript. Hsiu-Hsi Chen: study design, data collection, data interpretation, final editing of manuscript. Hsiu-Hsi Chen had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Sponsor's Role: None.


Disordered networks of fragile elastic elements have been proposed as a model of inner porous regions of large bones [Gunaratne et.al., cond-mat/0009221, this http URL]. It is shown that the ratio $\Gamma$ of responses of such a network to static and periodic strain can be used to estimate its ultimate (or breaking) stress. Since bone fracture in older adults results from the weakening of porous bone, we discuss the possibility of using $\Gamma$ as a non-invasive diagnostic of osteoporotic bone.


The present invention is not manipulating the person directly IPTV remote control, as the current according to the service occurs in portrait, such as development of IPTV, Internet, games, entertainment, etc. The integrated next generation integrated multimedia display device, interactive IPTV digital communication technologies human body for operating, controlling the display device, only the biometric information using gestures information as well as to the body gestures information recognition input in character value to the display device displays, based on the gestures information identification of the user to effectively perform such as Internet search, character input transport It relates to a system for controlling the operation of the device. According to the present invention for this purpose the flower extracts the next-generation display device or the IPTV web camera equipped with a face of the user input to the web camera, the hand shape of the foot, position, gestures feature information to image processing techniques and the database, the input image the classification and analysis in the processing to generate a body gestures information of the recognized user code processing information to determine the look and gestures of the face, hands, legs, based on the obtained information, and controlling operation, the IPTV or the next generation of integrated display device I will use that allows the user to control the operation IPTV. As it controls the IPTV through a web camera without any type of external device it will be a much allow for adequate input. In addition, in the present invention and by detecting databasing your face from a web camera attached to the IPTV and next generation integrated display device recognizes your face to currently separated family members, whether adults and minors, whether men and women whether such according to the classification, and to include the ability to give a choice of a channel according to the user identification, such as the case of a minor prohibited sexuality channel and operating the channel selection. In addition, in the by recognizing a body operatively switched from the current display device with only the user body motion information of the mode TV mode, the video mode, game mode, Internet mode, monitor mode, and so on and the switching mode, like the operation control in the Human remote control commands It is possible. The face from the video image obtained from the image pickup means 150 and the image capturing means for capturing an image of a user in the system 100 that controls the operation of the display device based on the user's gestures information recognized as a first aspect extracting an area face region extraction unit 110, it extracts the user's gestures comprising: a face area recognition unit 120 to determine whether an adult in the face region to determine whether to enable viewing of the adult channel based on the recognition information to be presented is a system 100 that controls the operation of the display device. Biometric information, body gestures, IPTV, next generation, integrated display device


According to H.323 standard and the RTP/ RTCP protocol,this paper uses VC++ 6.0 and IP multicast technology to study a multipoint videoconference system,and discusses the system's framework and the realization of the main functions.The system makes use of RTP/RTCP package and TCP service port to control information management of multiusers.


Abstract A novel compound, 2,6-bis-[1-(2-phenylhydrazono)ethyl]pyridine (BPEP), was synthesized and confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopy. BPEP was examined as an inhibitor for the corrosion of zinc electrode in 1.0 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency of BPEP was assessed through various techniques such as hydrogen evolution, galvanostatic polarization, potentiodynamic anodic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The inhibiting action of BPEP was explained in terms of the formation of a stable complex between zinc ions and BPEP and then adsorbed onto the zinc surface. The formation of the complex was established by FT-IR spectroscopy. A conductometric titration indicated that the stoichiometry of Zn+2:BPEP (metal:ligand) is 1:1. The adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm. The Galvanostatic polarization measurements have shown that the BPEP molecule acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The pitting potential shifted in the noble direction, indicating that the inhibition of pitting corrosion of zinc in the presence of BPEP.The activation energy and themodyanamic parameters of the adsorption process were calculated and have been explained.


This paper proposes a new approach to analyze the solid transportation problem (STP). This new approach considers the multi-choice programming into the cost coefficients of objective function and stochastic programming which is incorporated in three constraints namely sources, destinations and capacities constraints followed by Cauchy's distribution for solid transportation problem. The multi-choice programming and stochastic programming are combined into solid transportation problem and this new problem is called multi-choice stochastic solid transportation problem (MCSSTP). The solution concepts behind the MCSSTP are based on a new transformation technique which will select an appropriate choice from a set of multi-choice which optimizes the objective function. The stochastic constraints of STP convert into deterministic constraints by stochastic programming approach. Finally, the authors have constructed a non-linear programming problem for MCSSTP and have derived an optimal solution of the specified problem. A realistic example on STP is considered to illustrate the methodology.


A complete English translation is given of the classic Enrico Fermi paper on beta decay published in Zeitschrift fur Physik in 1934.


1. An apparatus for receiving and dispensing paper payment of funds to the device to determine the advantages and authenticity accepted means of payment and cash drawer, wherein the received payment means are stacked, and with a storage module for receiving and outputting the received payment means and with a device for transporting, by means of which the received payment means is moved from a device to determine the advantages to the crate for stacking banknotes in the stack and / or to the storage module, and that the storage unit is configured n a receiver with a turning mechanism comprising several winding cassettes, each of which has one inlet and an outlet which via the actuator is rotated in the transfer position to the inlet / outlet port (20) conveying system (5), characterized in that that the winding tape (23) comprises a retractor reel for a conveyor belt (24) with an independent actuating drive and a storage drum for banknotes (25) with its own actuating drive, and that the conveyance Feed I (26) partially wraps around two rollers (27, 28), turning the tape at the inlet and outlet openings (29) for banknotes. ! 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the side of the outer circumference of the end disc (22) of the receiver with the rotary mechanism (7) are arranged locking notches (32) which includes a fixing roller (33) the locking lever (34) and fixes the end disk (22) in its position. ! 3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the rotary roller (28) belonging to the accumulating drum for banknotes (25), and the storage Baraba


This study aims to develop the students' speaking skills. The initial data showed the students' problems in speaking due to inadequate knowledge of languaeg: grammar, vocabulaey, pronuncation, fluency, and comprehension. They were not familiar with different communicative tasks.This concern led to a study design as an action research through three cycles conducted in one semester course employing task-based learning. The participants were 15 students of an English Department. The data were taken from the results of pre-test to post test, interview and observation. Quantitative data were analized using SPSS into descriptivestatistics. Qualitative data were elaborated in term of words. The findings indicated that the use of task-based leaning can develop students' speaking skills. The pre-test score shows the value of learning completness was only 20%. The post-test score reveals that the students' speaking skills develop with satisfactory results as 86.6% of 15 students have completed the lesson. The students manage to complete different tasks and to evaluate their learning in pair and group works. This learning experience will enable the students develop their speaking skills significantly in the future.


Coal and hydro will be the main sources of electric energy in Chile for the near future, given that natural gas from neighbouring Argentina is not longer available and LNG price projections leave it only as a backup fuel. The country has limited energy resources, importing more than 73% of its energy. Hydroelectric untapped resources are significant, but they are mostly located in the extreme south of the country, in unpopulated areas of great unspoiled beauty. Non governmental organizations both within the country and from the US are strongly opposing the use of these resources. Renewables, which are only at an early stage, are argued as an alternative, but do not represent a solution with rates of growth of electricity demand over 6% a year. This summary discusses the issues being faced and the environmental dilemma faced by the country, where both coal and hydro produce some kind of impact. The role of the State and the private sector in determining the countrypsilas energy matrix arises as another central discussion.


Gapped alignment of sequenced data to a reference genome has traditionally been a computationally-intensive task due to the use of edit distance for dealing with indels and mismatches introduced by sequencing. In prior work, we developed Accel-Align [1], a Seed-Embed-Extend (SEE) sequence aligner that uses randomized embedding algorithms to quickly identify optimal candidate locations using Hamming distance rather than edit distance. While Accel-Align provides up to an order of magnitude improvement over state-of-the-art aligners, the randomized nature of embedding can lead to alignment errors resulting in lower precision and recall with downstream variant callers. In this work, we propose several techniques for improving the accuracy of randomized embedding-based sequence alignment. We provide an efficient implementation of these techniques in Accel-Align, and use it to present a comparative evaluation that demonstrates that the accuracy improvements can be achieved without sacrificing performance. Code is accessible in github.com/raja-appuswamy/accel-ali2n-release.


A 68 year old woman was referred for evaluation of chest pain. The patient had a six month history of typical angina occurring with moderate exertion. She had a 10 year history of hypertension. Her blood pressure was …


In the arena of English for academic purposes, many nonnative speakers of English in different contexts find it difficult to perform well, because academic genre is alien to them. Current study was based on improving writing skills with a special focus on writing of language hedges in argumentative essays through reading journal articles. The study focused on the two research questions; 1.) Is there a significant improvement in using language hedges in academic writing through reading journal articles? 2.) What are the perceptions of students in reading journal articles to improve academic writing? Methodology of the study was based on quasi experimental and longitudinal design. Mixed method was utilized in collection of data. Participants of the study were 32 first year undergraduates of an English Language Teaching degree programme of a vocational technological university in Sri Lanka. Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire and intervention through reading journal articles. Qualitative data was collected by interviewing 12 selected participants of the study. Two subject expertise evaluators and AntConc (2019), SPSS (23), MS Excel (Office 365) and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. Findings of the study reveal that there is a significant improvement in using language hedges by reading journal articles in the five categories of language hedges concerned; epistemic hedges, lexical hedges, lexical verbs, modal verbs and possibility hedges according to the descending order of the usage and the rate of improvement. Further, it can be concluded that pleasure and conscious reading of journal articles provide both cognitive and affective insights for novice academic writers of English. Two major implications for further research were drawn; to study the effect of language hedges in the culture of first language affects the usage of language hedges among undergraduates, and to study on the other stance features and engagement features in academic writing among the undergraduates in the Sri Lankan context.