Eudora Welty's short story "Lily Daw and the Three Ladies" (1941) is about a "feeble-minded" girl and the women who want to institutionalize her. This paper compares representations of female sexuality and mental disability in Welty's story and Ruth Perry's 1972 theatrical adaptation of the same name. Close readings of the texts in conjunction with scholarship on performances of invisible impairments, eugenics history, and theatrical adaptation illuminate the danger of social diagnosis of difference. Perry's deviations from Welty's original story demonstrate the controversial nature of Lily's mental state and interdependence. The two storieswarn against ableist circumscriptions of nonnormate self-portrayals.


Abstract The effects of pH, ionic strength, cadmium concentration, and chelating agents on the zeta potential of a natural clay of high acid/base buffer capacity from Shanghai, China were investigated in this study, with a view to enhancing the efficiency of electrokinetic remediation of the cadmium-contaminated clay. An increase in the ionic strength of the background solution or cadmium concentration increases the zeta potential on soil particle surfaces, i.e., less negative. CAIW increases the zeta potential slightly but the effects are not pronounced. EDTA and phosphonates decrease the zeta potentials of soil particle surfaces, thus enhancing forward electroosmotic flow.


A steering wheel adjustment and fixation mechanism comprises a pipe coupled with a steering axle to make the steering axle rotate together with the pipe and an axle liner slideably coupled with the pipe. The axle liner is coupled with the pipe, thus the pipe rotates together with the axle liner.


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Seppo Fagerlund Name of the doctoral dissertation Studies on Bird Vocalization Detection and Classification of Species Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 166/2014 Manuscript submitted 12 June 2014 Date of the defence 17 November 2014 Permission to publish granted (date) 21 October 2014 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract The topic of this thesis is automatic identification of bird vocalization and bird species based on the sounds they produce. Two main approaches for recordings bird sounds are presented: active recording and passive continuous recording. The aim of the active recording method is to capture sounds of a particular bird species or an individual. On the other hand, passive continuous recordings – which can be captured without human presence – are used in acoustical monitoring and are intended to include all sounds in the local environment.The topic of this thesis is automatic identification of bird vocalization and bird species based on the sounds they produce. Two main approaches for recordings bird sounds are presented: active recording and passive continuous recording. The aim of the active recording method is to capture sounds of a particular bird species or an individual. On the other hand, passive continuous recordings – which can be captured without human presence – are used in acoustical monitoring and are intended to include all sounds in the local environment. The automatic identification system begins by segmenting distinct sound events from the recordings. The purpose of segmentation is to detect syllables in bird sounds. Active recordings with one bird individual typically have a high signal-to-noise ratio that helps in the task. Segmentation of passive continuous recordings is more demanding due to the possibility of many simultaneous sound sources and a varying signal level of sound events. Audio events in recordings, comprising sounds from many sources, are also often overlapping which adds complexity to the segmentation phase. After the audio events have been segmented, feature extraction and classification are performed. Within feature extraction the audio signals are represented with a low number of attributes (compared to the original data) that characterize particular sound events. Feature extraction performs dimension reduction by removing redundant information from the original data. Suitable features depend on the data and should be selected so that they discriminate sounds from different sources. The classification phase decides on which class each sound event belongs to based on the feature representation. The main focus of this thesis is to develop and examine feature representations for different types of bird sounds suitable for automatic classification. Special attention has been given to birds that produce inharmonic and noisy sounds due to the diverse structure of their vocalizations. A method based on short time-domain structures was found to be efficient for many different types of sounds. It also exhibited efficiency for sound event detection in continuous recordings.continuous recordings.


The invention relates to a system and a method of horizontal vibration testing of an oversized test piece. The method of the horizontal vibration testing of the oversized test piece is characterized by comprising the following steps: providing a horizontal sliding table, and fixedly connecting the head portion of the horizontal sliding table to a vibration generating device; fixing the test piece on the sliding table, and at least placing a part of a section, beyond the horizontal sliding table, of the test piece on auxiliary supporting devices distributed in back of the horizontal sliding table and/or on at least one side of the horizontal sliding table to enable the center of gravity of the test piece to maintain stable and to enable the test piece to be capable of moving freely in the moving direction of the horizontal sliding table relative to the auxiliary supporting devices; and starting the vibration generating device to enable the test piece to move in synchronization with the horizontal sliding table. According to the system and the method of horizontal vibration testing of an oversized test piece, on the basis that an existing horizontal sliding table and supporting facilities do not need to be improved, only one or a plurality of the auxiliary supporting devices are additionally arranged around the horizontal sliding table, and then the requirements of the horizontal vibration testing of various kinds of oversized test pieces can be met. Moreover, the performance of original horizontal vibration testing equipment can not be affected, and the accuracy of the testing results is high.


We study the direct CP violation induced by inelastic final state interaction (FSI) rescattering in $D\to\pi\pi$ modes, and find that the resultant CP asymmetry is about $10^{-4}$ which is larger than $\epsilon'$ in the K-system. Our estimation is based on well-established theories and experiment measured data, so there are almost no free parameters except the weak phase $\delta_{13}$ in the CKM matrix.


Parents, F1, F2 and backcross generations of a cross between a Cucumis sativus L. gynoecious inbred, GY 14, and a selection of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. were evaluated for several horticultural characteristics. Generation means were significantly different for all characteristics, and were analyzed using an unweighted least squares procedure. An additive-dominance model accounted for most of the variation among generations for fruit weight per plant, lateral number, main stem and mature fruit length, diameter and length/diameter ratio. Additive × additive epistasis was involved in the variation among generations for fruit number per plant. Heterois above the high-parent was observed for fruit weight per plant and the main stem length, dominance was the major contributing factor to variation for these traits. F1 deviation from mid-parent was observed for lateral number.


Using surveys collected from a sample of 643 households nested within 22 'naturally occurring' neighborhoods in Las Vegas, NV during the most recent economic recession, this study examined associations between real and perceived measures of neighborhood distress (foreclosure rate, physical decay, crime) and residents' reports of neighborhood quality of life and neighborhood satisfaction. Consistent with social disorganization theory, both real and perceived measures of neighborhood disorder were negatively associated with quality of life and neighborhood satisfaction. Residents' perceptions of neighborliness partially acted as a buffer against the effects of neighborhood distress on quality of life and neighborhood satisfaction. There has certainly been no shortage of studies that examine predictors of neighborhood satisfaction and residential quality of life in urban areas of the U.S. (Amerigo and Aragones 1997; Dassopoulos, Batson, Futrell, and Brents 2012; Galster and Hesser 1981; Grogan-Kaylor et al. 2006; Hipp 2009; Lovejoy, Handy, and Mokhtarian, 2010; Parkes, Kearns, and Atkinson 2002). Understanding the relationship between residential contentment and community wellbeing is all the more important in the wake of a deep economic recession as residents face uncertain economic futures, and city planners and policymakers face reduced budgets for community development and improvements. As a result of the most recent economic recession which officially began in December 2007 and ended in 2009 (Muro et al.2009), cities across the United States are dealing with record high housing foreclosures, unemployment rates, and newfound urban distress. For the residents living in these urban areas, residential morale and quality of life have been compromised, generating important questions about the complex relationship between urban distress and community attachment. Neighborhoods remain among the most common settings where residents forge attachments to people and create meaning, significance, and coherence in their lives. Resilient and stable communitarian neighborhoods are vital to the sustainability of healthy cities. When residents feel satisfied with their neighborhoods, they report greater neighborhood attachment, higher overall life satisfaction, better mental and physical health, greater political participation, and are more likely to invest in building healthy and stable communities (Adams, 1992; Hays & Kogl 2007, Sampson, Morenoff & Gannon-Rowley, 2002; Sirgy & Cornwell, 2002). Consequently, when residents are dissatisfied with their neighborhoods, they report less neighborhood satisfaction, lower quality of life, and are more likely to leave their communities (Bolan, 1997; Oh, 2003; Sampson, 2003). Various characteristics of neighborhood disorder, including poverty, crime, dilapidated infrastructure, graffiti, transiency, and litter, have repeatedly been found to be negatively associated with neighborhood satisfaction and quality of life (Ross and Mirowsky 1999; Galster and Hesser 1981). However, neighborhood social ties, friendship bonds, and feelings of collective efficacy strengthen neighborhood attachment, satisfaction, and quality of life through feelings of social integration and trust (Grogan-Kaylor et al. 2006; Kasarda and Janowitz 1974; Parkes, Kearns, and Atkinson 2002). While there has been a plethora of research on predictors of neighborhood satisfaction and quality of life, few studies have been able to capture residents' neighborhood sentiments in the wake of a deep economic recession. Our study is the first to combine residential survey data collected during the most recent recession with housing foreclosure data to examine the associations between urban distress and neighborhood satisfaction and quality of life. We center our study in Las Vegas, Nevada, an attractive location to explore the relationships between housing foreclosure, neighborhood distress, and residential sentiment. Following nearly 20 years of the nation's most rapid population growth and urban sprawl (CensusScope 2000), Las Vegas has experienced a whirlwind of social and economic disorder stemming from the recession. Unemployment rates and home foreclosures are among the highest in the nation, social services are overburdened, and population growth is stagnant (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2011; Center for Business and Economic Research 2011). While much research has explored neighborhood quality of life issues at the national level, or in other metropolitan contexts, there has been almost no empirical research on community issues in Las Vegas. Our survey-based study, coupled with metropolitan data on housing foreclosures allows us to combine residents' perceptions of physical distress with actual measures of distress to determine the extent to which these actual and perceived measures of neighborhood distress are associated with neighborhood satisfaction and quality of life. Our study is guided by the following research questions: 1.) Is housing foreclosure associated with residents' perceptions of neighborhood quality of life and neighborhood satisfaction above and beyond the traditional indicators of neighborhood disorder (physical disorder and crime)? and 2.) Do perceptions of neighborliness mediate the relationships between neighborhood disorder and quality of life and neighborhood satisfaction? Boom and Bust: Las Vegas and the Foreclosure Crisis The Las Vegas metropolitan area led the nation in population growth during the 1990s at 66.3%, almost doubling the rate of population growth of second ranked Arizona (CensusScope, 2000). Population growth in the Las Vegas metropolitan region continued apace in the 2000s with roughly half a million people arriving between 2000 and 2007. Some demographers estimate that the Las Vegas population will double again by 2040 (Lang, Sarynski, & Muro, 2008). In this context of population growth, transiency was also high. In 2000, Nevada ranked highest among all states in residential mobility, where 25% of the population had moved from another state to Nevada within the past five years. Between 2000 and 2004, Nevada had the highest domestic annual rate of net migration in the country (Perry 2006). As a result of such rapid population growth and concomitant economic boom, the Las Vegas housing market flourished between 1990 and 2006. With approximately 6,000 newcomers per month arriving in Las Vegas at the height of the boom, home prices reached all-time highs in 2006. The average median price of a single-family home was $349,500 in January of 2007. Just four years later, following the economic bust and housing crisis, the median price of single-family homes in January 2011 was $132,000 – an astonishing 62% decline (Greater Las Vegas Realtors Association, 2007, 2011). This is the largest decline of any metropolitan area in the United States (Community Resources Management Division 2010). With the largest concentration of subprime mortgage originations in the country (Mayer and Pence 2008), the Las Vegas housing market was a ticking time bomb for a housing bust. Subprime mortgage products were designed to provide home ownership opportunities to the most credit-vulnerable buyers, including those with no established credit history, little documentation of income, and/or those with smaller down payments. In addition to subprime lending, mortgage companies also made it easier for current homeowners to refinance loans and withdraw cash from houses that had appreciated in value (Mayer and Pence 2008). Dependent on tourism and service-based employment, many people who made Las Vegas home during the boom years either relied on income with little documentation (gambling revenues, cocktail waitress, valet drivers), or simply were not able to afford conventional mortgage loans. For an urban area to be among the hardest hit in housing foreclosures, it needed to experience most, if not all, of the problems associated with subprime lending: large racial and ethnic concentration, mid-level credit scores, new housing construction, and high unemployment rates (Mayer and Pence 2008). Las Vegas fit the bill. Ripe with a large wave of Hispanic immigrant population growth, workers with unconventional sources of income, chaotic urban sprawl and rampant new construction, and high unemployment, Las Vegas experienced harshly pronounced rates of appreciation and concentrations of subprime lending (Mayer and Pence 2008). As a result, since 2007, approximately 70,000 housing units have been foreclosed upon with nearly 6,000 new foreclosures still occurring every quarter (Community Resources Management Division 2010). Up until 2006, Nevada had a very low loan delinquency rate, particularly among subprime borrowers. This was partly because borrowers in the robust Nevada housing market could often avoid foreclosure by quickly selling their homes to eager buyers (Immergluck 2010). However, between 2007 and 2010 the foreclosure rate in Nevada has increased at a rate of about 3% per year (Community Resources Management Division 2010). This number may actually be higher because of the foreclosures held by banks but not yet made available for sale. In addition, estimates are that 25% of all mortgage holders are experiencing serious delinquency (90 days or more past due), which is the second highest level in the nation. In all likelihood, these rates will continue to increase over the next few years (Community Resources Management Division 2010). As home prices have witnessed unfathomable declines and homeowners struggle to make mortgage payments on undervalued properties, southern Nevada has also been faced with the largest increase in unemployment of any major metropolitan region in the country. Between April 2008 and April 2010, unemployment in Southern Nevada jumped 10 percentage points to an unprecedented high of 15.1% (US Bureau of Labor Statistics 2012). High rates of unemployment put current mortgage holders at risk for


No data exist on whether behavior analysts accept gifts during their practice, an act considered to be an ethical violation. Sixty behavior analysts from around the globe provided answers to a survey regarding their gift-related practices and views. Results show that many behavior analysts do accept


The purpose of this work is to acknowledge the dispositions that would be applicable to the perpetrators of child recruitment in the Colombian armed conflict, observing (i) the dynamics of child recruitment in the country, (ii) the international law, (iii) the national law, and (iv) relevant global trends. On the basis of documentary work, it was found that the nature of the crime of child recruitment, the growing global demands on its punishment and the adoption of tough dispositions in the national legislation, clear the way for the prosecution of perpetrators. Other remarked findings are these two identified trends: (i) both in the national and the international scenes, it is widely accepted that the age of 18 (opposed to the 15 years old previous disposition) is the minimum for being protected against child recruitment; and (ii) amnesties granted within transitional justice processes are increasingly and decidedly excluding serious crimes, like child recruitment.


Selective catheterization of the celiac axis may be difficult when the lumen of the artery is compromised. The presence of an inflated compression balloon in the stomach may narrow the artery, presumably by placing tension on the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm. Deflation of the gastric balloon can facilitate catheterization by relieving the extrinsic pressure on the artery.


The invention discloses a thermal insulating layer of a refrigerator or a freezer. The thermal insulating layer is formed by sequentially stacking an upper polyurethane layer, an expanded perlite layer and a lower polyurethane layer. The expanded perlite layer comprises 30 percent to 40 percent of perlite particles, 20 percent to 30 percent of ceramic particles, 10 percent to 20 percent of sodium silicate, 8 percent to 10 percent of water glass and 10 percent to 20 percent of water; the particle diameter of the perlite particles ranges from 30 micrometers to 50 micrometers; the particle diameter of the ceramic particles ranges from 50 micrometers to 80 micrometers. Each of the upper polyurethane layer and the lower polyurethane layer is formed by mixed foaming of followingmaterials specifically comprising 20 percent to 30 percent of polyether glycol, 20 percent to 30 percent of polyester polyol, 5 percent to 8 percent of cyclopentane and 40 percent to 50 percent of isocyanate. The sandwich structure type is adopted by the thermal insulating layer of the refrigerator or the freezer; the expanded perlite layer can effectively enhance the overall strength and can play a good role in insulating sounds. Compared with a thermal insulating layer with a single polyurethane layer, the thermal insulating layer is effectively improved in the overall performance.


A MOSFET model with more realistic micron-size physical dimensions is incorporated in the FD-TLM method, expanding the application of this full-wave electromagnetic field calculation method to new systems. Good agreement is obtained between finite difference-transmission line matrix (FD-TLM) and SPICE3 simulations of a CMOS inverter, validating the MOSFET implementation in the FD-TLM method. Structural dimensions are intentionally made small compared to the wavelength of signals so that SPICE3, a quasi-static-based circuit analysis program, can be used for validation.


An air-to-fuel ratio sensor in provided with an oxygen pump and oxygen sensor disposed opposite to each other with a minute gap between them in an exhaust gas passage of an engine and each consisting of a flat plate of a solid electrolyte and electrodes attached to the opposite sides of the flat plate respectively. A pump current is supplied to the oxygen pump and the maganitude of an electromotive force of the oxyge-sensor generated proportionally to the difference between the oxygen partial pressure within the minute gap and the oxygen partial pressure outside the minute gap by the oxygen pump supplied with a predetermined pump current is measured. The pump current is controlled to be supplied to the oxygen pump so that the electromotive force detected is maintained at a fixed level. An air to fuel ratio detection output signal is generated which is proportional to the pump current.


We study the effects of the proximity of the orthogonal dipole-switching moiety dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The switches are introduced into a micelle surrounding the CNTs, thereby achieving very close proximity between the molecules and the CNTs for the first time. The change of the molecules' configuration is not hindered by its encapsulation: We report the reversible switching of molecules inside CNT surrounding micelles. The orthogonality of the switch also allows us for the first time to observe the effect of the molecule on the emission spectra of the CNTs and the resulting reversible redshift of the nanotubes' emission by the change of the molecules' conformation.


A dad sat down in March 2020 and started a Google doc to keep a record of resources for friends and family, track the progress of life and the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and tried to stay sane. This continued for a year.


Abstract Health screening and early detection of cancer results in significantly better health outcomes and lower mortality. However barriers to such screening are multiple and complex. This paper specifically addresses barriers to womeny's health screening for socially disadvantaged women in an economically and service disadvantaged area. In this qualitative study, women's healthcare workers and consumers of women's health screening were interviewed and data related to issues for women who had special needs were analysed. Findings indicate there is a lack of access to appropriate services for socially disadvantaged women which affects their screening uptake rates. This study also highlights the difficulties socially disadvantaged women encountered when they were able to access these services which also influenced their decisions regarding subsequent health screening. Implications for nurses and other healthcare professionals are manifold and include advocating for greater access to services and more sensitive care in the delivery of health screening services for socially disadvantaged women.


The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating brain disorders, which comprises at least one non-ferromagnetic material made of an implantable generator (4), implantable generator comprises a housing (7), located in the treatment of brain disorders induced within the housing by transmitting ultrasonic therapeutic ultrasonic generation means (11) and the implantable device housing secured to the skull. The apparatus further comprises an implantable therapy generator means to supply and control its operating parameters set and a power controller (PwC), and means for connecting the treatment device and the implantable power controller connected to the generator (6). The present invention also discloses a method of using such apparatus treatment of brain disorders.


To be confident in the prediction capability of a model, verification and validation steps are classically performed. Verification checks that the model is properly solved. Since the model used are fairly standard, this is not issue for brake components. Validation checks the relation between model and experiments on actual structures. Here geometry measurements and vibration tests are considered. The study seeks to perform a systematic review of how test quality is evaluated, and models are correlated and then updated. This will give a solid basis to define clear and easily used validations protocols for brake components where prediction of modes and their stability in the manufacturing process is often deemed critical. Updating the geometry before updating the material properties is shown to be very important: the residual error on frequencies is smaller and no bias is introduced in the estimated material properties. Proper pairing of modeshapes is important for broadband comparisons and the MAC criterion is used. Intermediate steps: experimental topology correlation using easy tools with accuracy evaluation, estimation of errors on test shapes, handling of mode crossing, are sources of errors that are analyzed. For the updating of contact properties, where many parameters may need update, the use of model reduction is shown to allow a major speed-up of parametric studies.


An intelligent and optimal control strategy of energy saving for heat supplying process under four gas boiler group run conditions in a residential district is introduced in this paper. The combustion under optimal NG-air ratio is ensured by means of compound congtrol of feed-forward and feedback. According to the empirical data curves of output and return water temperature in various weather and climate, a intelligent logical controller, designed on the basis of imitating human problem solving to deal with boiler operation, respectively adjusted the NG and water circulation. What's more, to keep boilers run under efficient state with rated load, the tracking Time-Discrete-Control (TDC) and the optimization program of boiler group were further developed. The impact of the energy saving is clearly visible in the operational data of boiler group.


There has been a general recognition of the theoretical importance and practical significance of person-organization fit.The researchers carried out studies from the perspective of values.Person-organization value fit is defined as the match between the values held by individuals and organizations.Different evaluating methods and measurement tools of person-organization value fit have been developed.The positive effect on employees has been discovered through the researches in the field,and the strategies for advancing the person-organization values fit are probed.In addition,the mechanism of the effect of person-organization value fit on the effectiveness of the employees and organizations,the exploration of person-organization value fit in application,and the Chinese person-organization value fit studies would be the focus of future researches.


Foundry, Design House, and IDM are 3 major roles in the semiconductor industry value chain. This study used patent analysis to explore the technology level for the different role playing of the semiconductor industry value chain for past nearly 30 years. The research team applied many crucial techniques on patent analysis, along with patent citation network analysis, to find out the evolution for different roles in different technology eras. IDM got the leading position whether on patent number or patent cited times, but Foundry made impressive progress on the growth rate from the 6-inch wafer size era to the 12-inch wafer size era. That is, Foundry served not only as manufacturing capacity providers traditionally but also as technology donators gradually. From the patent citation network, it could be found that the relationship between Foundry and IDM is stronger than that of Foundry and Design House.


This paper presents an interlingua approach to the machine translation of lengthy documents. This appr oach is based on encoding the source text in the form of universa l semantic networks, using the Universal Networking Language, UNL interlingua, which can then be decoded back int o any natural language. This UNL technology has bee n applied to 1000 pages from the Encyclopedia of Life support Systems (EOLSS) in order to be translated into the six official languages of the UNESCO. This paper summarizes the overall strategy adopted with a focus on the decod ing of UNL documents into Arabic.


Diorganotin(IV) complexes of the β-diketonato benzoylacetonato ligand were synthesized and characterized with IR and multinuclear (H, C, Sn) NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction study of bis(benzoylacetonato)di-tert-butyltin(IV) shows two independent molecules in the crystallographic unit cell. The metal polyhedron is a distorted octahedral (Skewed Trapezoidal Bipyramidal) with the trans angle C−Sn−C of 151.5(5)°. Each ligand chelates the metal with different donor abilities [Sn−O bond lengths of 2.423(8) A and 2.135(8) A in one ligand, and 2.107(9) A and 2.357(8) A in the other]; results for the 2nd molecule are similar. The coordination arrangement differs from those of related bis(β-diketonato)diorganotin derivatives containing asymmetric ligands, which are characterized by an approximate Cs symmetry, in that both benzoylacetonato ligands point their methyl (and phenyl) substituents across (anti) the metal atom. Chelate planarity and some phenyl-chelate co-planarity was observed. Hartree−Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculated structures are in good agreement with those obtained using X ray analysis. DFT and HF calculated structures of bis(benzoylacetonato)diphenyltin(IV), having a similar connectivity as bis(benzoylacetonato)di-tert-butyltin(IV), differ markedly: the phenyls subtend a C−Sn−C bond angle of 180°, all Sn−O bond lengths are equal and the tin coordination sphere is a regular octahedron with the ligand bzac being isobidentate. This arrangement is caused by the phenyl electronic withdrawal effect. However, IR data for this compound show several Sn−O bands inconsistent with this configuration and suggest a different connectivity. Additional DFT structural calculations for (bzac)2SnPh2, performed on the connectivity resembling the "normal" syn geometry, show a conformational energy slightly lower than that of the centrosymmetric arrangement. Low temperature NMR spectra illustrate the possible rearrangements in solution. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)


Sir: Although the cost effectiveness of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPO) is well established ( 1 ), a significant percentage of patients are unable to learn the simple tasks required by this treatment. Causes for learning failures include analphabetism, IIIinor psychomotor problems and anxiety (2). Because we believe that these learning difficulties should not be formal contraindications to CAPO, we have developed a learning program based on a cassette recording of simple step-bystep instructions. Thus the patient can follow these instructions when performing changes of dialysis solution bags and, at other times, listen to the cassette to improve his knowledge of the procedure. This program has led to a dramatic improvement in the learning process in five patients who earlier had done CAPD training for several weeks under the supervision of specialized nurses without success or significant improvement. As we instituted this cassette program, the patients became more confident and rapidly attained sufficient expertise to permit their discharge from hospital. At present, we are evaluating the impact of this program on patients with no apparent learning difficulties to determine whether it increases skill acquisition in these patients as well. We believe that this simple learning aid may further reduce the cost of chronic dialysis by shortening hospital stay, reducing teaching time from specialized nurses, and increasing the percentage of the dialysis population that can be treated by CAPO . M. McCormack M. Falardeau A. Galarneau D. Quimet R. Dandavino Service de Nephrologie Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont et Universite de Montreal 5415, boul. l'Assomption Montreal, Quebec H IT 2M4


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Physical activity is an important tool used by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to reduce inflammation and pain as well as preserve and improve function. The aim of this study was to investigate how patients with RA perceive and relate to physical activity in everyday life.

METHODS
Ten patients diagnosed with RA were interviewed. The data collected were transcribed and analysed for categories of meaning and main themes. Inter-judge reliability was tested and showed an 81.5% agreement.

RESULTS
Three themes were identified. The first represented a 'driving force' and included two positively loaded categories 'satisfaction' and 'support', and two negatively loaded categories 'keep at bay' and 'intimidation'. The second theme was 'hindrance' and included the categories 'internal barrier' and 'external barrier' and, finally, the third theme 'physical activity' included the categories 'organized activity' and 'everyday activity'.

CONCLUSION
Physical exercise was an important strategy for patients with RA and was promoted primarily by patients' own experiences, positive as well as negative. A salutogenic (explaining health) approach to patient education, as well as an increased use of everyday activities as additional exercise, is advocated.


Volcanic activity driven by tidal dissipation was initially predicted on Io, Jupiter's innermost moon, mere months prior to Voyager's flyby in 1979 [1]. Images from Voyager's vidicon camera confirmed the existence of active volcanism and, in the subsequent years, additional spacecraft and ground-based observations have documented extensive silicate-based volcanism, substantive heat flow, and periodic massive eruption events [2]. Io represents the solar system's typeexample for tidal heating, and the distribution and character of its volcanic activity presents a window through which to understand how dissipative heat flows from its interior to its surface [3]. Models indicate [4-5] that the depth at which tidal friction deposits heat could have a measurable effect on Io's heat flow and, subsequently, where volcanic hotspots cluster on the surface. The periodicity of volcanoes on Io could also indicate internal behavior and heat flow. Herein, we report on the spatial and temporal behavior of volcanoes on Io using images from the Juno spacecraft. Unlike previous space and groundbased observations, Juno's orbit around Jupiter provides optimal viewing conditions for Io's poles. The Juno spacecraft, currently in a polar orbit around Jupiter, is able to observe volcanism on Io in the infrared L and M bands using the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument. We have analyzed JIRAM data to determine the spatial distribution of volcanic hotspots on Io's surface. Our current understanding of Io leads us to believe that most heat flow from Io will be through its volcanic hotspots. Assuming this to be true, we are able to compare the observed volcanic activity on Io as a proxy for the spatial distribution of surface heat delivered from the interior. This allows us to directly compare Ionian volcanic brightnesses with models of tidal heat flow


The detection and tracking of movement target is one of the important components of computer vision. Under complex background, when the target path measure is carried out with short-distance and high-precision in real time, the tracking is easy to be influenced by background circumstance, such as sundries and glint, whose precision will not be assured. In this paper, arithmetic of TV rough tracking condition judgment is designed and researched, which use technology of image processing and pattern recognition. This arithmetic can detect and track multi targets under complex background, which can improve the tracking precision and has been applied in practice.


The study focuses on the variation of enzymes activity in the seeds of Pinus flexilis James during artifical aging.Based on the artificial aging treatment,the initial quantity of APX and PPO in five provenances was bigger than that of normal seed.But POD、SOD and CAT decreased.The quality of the provenances of Rs,Rg and Rl were much better,and the enzymes activity change of provenance Rsd was the biggest.This study provided a reference for the seed vigor of forest trees.


The paper presents a new control strategy for an induction generator coupled with a power reactive compensator. The test system consists of a diesel engine, an induction generator, an inverter and a variable load (three-phase and single-phase loads). The paper focuses on the composite control of the inverter dc-link and prime mover in order to improve the dynamic assessment of the induction generator. The control strategy is based upon the decoupling of the regulating actions, this allowing to conceive a control structure quite similar to the classical active and reactive modulations of electrical power systems. The inverter frequency is opportunely changed to improve the dynamic behavior of the whole system. The control acts on the torque of the diesel engine and on the instantaneous frequency of the inverter. The results of numerical simulation confirm the goodness of the proposed control.


This article offers a first survey investigating the practice of displaying objects belonging to ancient civilisations of the Italian peninsula alongside those of the peoples living in the African colonies – and beyond – during the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. I will analyse the development of the discipline known in Italy as paletnologia in close connection with the European context and how it was presented in museums through its association with artefacts belonging to the so–called present–day primitives. Finally, the article will conclude by discussing the paradigm shift happening at the time of the Fascist Empire.


Aims:  To examine the variability in faecal shedding of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in healthy lactating dairy cattle and to evaluate the genetic relatedness of Salmonella isolates.


The rotation-vibration spectrum of the weakly-bound complex CO-Kr has been studied in the region of the CO fundamental band (2140 cm ). The CO-Kr spectrum had previously been recorded using a BOMEM Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in conjunction with a cold (84 K) equilibrium cell and a path length of 84 m. The greater sensitivity of the diode laser detection scheme enabled lower partial pressures of Kr and CO to be used in the equilibrium cell; when combined with an increased path length (160 m), this yielded extremely detailed spectra with narrower linewidths, enabling verification of the and branch assignments from the previous study. In addition, the and subbands were readily identified and fitted. The lower resolution and high spectral congestion of the earlier study had prohibited any such assigments. Furthermore, the diode laser spectrum shows evidence of previously unobserved line splittings due to krypton isotope effects. The same diode laser has also be used in a rapid scanning scheme in conjunction with a pulsed jet source to record the infrared spectrum of rotationally cold CO-Kr. The consequent reduction in spectral complexity enabled unambiguous assignments of low transitions. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium methods for the generation of weakly bound complexes demonstrate the complementary nature of the two techniques.


Based on the diffusing theories of knowledge, through investigation of the data between 2006-2008 of the 21 cities in Guang dong province, an input-output model of innovation with information transparency is built, first using common econometric model and spatial econometric models based on geographical adjacency between two regions and then compared the estimation results of these models. The analysis shows that the adjacency element is more precise than the common one, the accumulation of capital for innovation is the domain engine of innovation creating, the input of human and the enhancement of Information Transparency stimulate innovation weakly. Taking into account the information transparency make the results more precise.


Postgraduate business education in the higher educational institutions in Japan was poorly developed, and lagged far behind not only the other advanced economies, but in some of the developing countries until the end of the 1980s. However, during the 1990s it has undergone considerable changes as part of the reform in postgraduate education in Japan. This article attempts to explain why MBA education did not develop in Japan in the first place, and then how these changes came about. It also looks at the changes in social and economic backgrounds that promoted and speeded these changes. Finally it attempts to view the future of postgraduate professional education in Japan.


Obama has completed far fewer treaties than his predecessors. The use of executive agreements, the alternative to treaties, has continued apace. The change is partly a result of polarization in the Senate, which increases the president's reliance upon unilateral authority. Despite this marked change in the implementation of US diplomacy, we have little understanding of the nature of these agreements and how they compare to treaties. Does the departure from the treaty signal a change in how presidents complete agreements? Does Obama's shift away from treaties mean that executive agreements will be used with greater frequency in dealing with significant matters, in which the norm has been to use treaties? Answering these questions requires an extensive analysis of the hundreds of agreements completed in recent years. To begin answering these questions, I catalogue and code nearly 800 executive agreements signed during Obama's first term (2009 to 2012). The executive agreements are coded on a variety of variables: topic, agreement partner, agency, etc. Various data challenges exist in accurately cataloguing executive agreements that make firm conclusions regarding the reasoning behind Obama's use of executive agreements difficult. Several possibilities are discussed in the conclusion.


While useful in some situations, randomization is not the "gold standard" for medical education research. More important is that decisions regarding methodology precede the intervention, that adequate numbers of subjects and iterations are used, that a comparison group is included, and that limitations are addressed in a thoughtful, thorough manner.

In addition, the literature demonstrates quite definitively that medical learners will learn whatever we teach and also may supplement any teaching deficits to meet certification requirements.18 Thus, to increase our understanding of effective educational interventions, a new educational intervention should be compared to another effective intervention. Unlike clinical research, a placebo arm is rarely helpful. Comparing the new educational intervention to "usual" practices is productive as long as students are not "cued" to the novelty of the research arm—which may enhance (or negatively bias) their learning—and the usual practices are well described.

Whether randomized or nonrandomized, medical education studies must carefully analyze sources of bias—unforeseen confounding variables—to explain the observed results and ensure that subsequent researchers will find these results reproducible. Rather than an obligatory listing of these potential sources of error in the discussion, researchers will enhance existing knowledge through a careful and detailed analysis of sources of bias that may have affected the results.3 Equally important, research designs must include a control group, concurrent if possible, to ensure equal likelihood of exposure to nonintervention events that could bias the results.

If educators begin to work together, more collaborative, multi-institutional projects, perhaps akin to "pragmatic trials,"12 may be produced in the future. This is likely to add substantially to our understanding of effective resident education.


The investigation of strongly interacting systems ranges from matter inside
atomic nuclei to matter under extreme conditions in astrophysics. These systems
require the introduction of nuclear forces and a systematic many-body
approach to solve the strong interaction particles. Understanding the behavior
of infinite nuclear matter provides a path to predict the properties of
neutron stars and gives insights to astrophysical phenomena. Three-nucleon
forces have to be considered when studying nuclear systems, because their
impact is necessary to reproduce properties of nuclei and to correctly obtain
the neutron drip line. Moreover, they are needed to predict the empirical saturation
properties of infinite nuclear matter. The self-consistent Green's
Function approach paves the way for an improved Ab initio analysis of nuclear
matter, thereby providing the basis for the equation of state of neutron
stars and supernova explosions.


We calculated growth rate for the spiny-footed lizard (Acanthodactylus erythrurus) inhabiting coastal eastern Spain from long-term mark-recapture data. Growth curves differ between sexes, with males growing faster than females and achieving larger size maximums. In this population each sex reaches maturity at about 300 days of age, approximately 34% faster than males, and 28% faster than females studied in a population further south and west in Iberia. Our logarithmic growth model has an accuracy of 96.8% and high statistical significance ( for males and for females). Although both the exponential curve of "best fit" for growth estimated for males (), and the linear curve of "best fit" estimated for females () in a population from Cádiz (Busack and Jaksic, 1982) are also significant. The overlap between growth curves and the general data cloud of the population showed that at the end of the year the proportion of individuals younger than one year was 80% and the proportion of individuals older than one year was 20%. Our data, in agreement with calculated maximum life spans for males (1.9 years) and females (2.1 years) in Cádiz, suggest a life span of approximately two years for both sexes. Females seem to reproduce only in a unique season in their lives, at this locality, as in Cádiz (Busack and Klosterman, 1987) they likely lay only one clutch, whereas females in Morocco (Bons, 1962) may produce two.


Simple Summary How people choose to acquire dogs and the characteristics they seek may provide insight into perceptions of ethical and socially responsible dog ownership, as acquiring a dog is the first step in dog ownership. Even if one does not intend to acquire a dog, perceptions of acquisition methods may impact views of pet industries and/or voting behaviors related to animal welfare regulation. This analysis (1) investigates the relationships between U.S. resident demographics and their level of agreement regarding statements related to dog acquisition and welfare considerations, (2) analyzes the relationships between U.S. resident demographics and their views on dog characteristics, and (3) analyzes U.S. residents' relative ranking (in terms of most ethical) ways to acquire a dog. The findings of the current study affirm that appearance, compatibility with owner lifestyles, previous experience, and cost inform people's decisions about dog acquisition. The relative importance of these criteria varied across respondents; as has been previously observed, women favored rescue/adoption more than men. Our results collectively indicate the growing appeal of adopting dogs from shelters and rescue organizations for many respondent segments. Different segments of the companion animal industry and those with different dog interests may want to consider tailoring their education and/or marketing communications to these groups accordingly. Abstract People's preferences for where they acquire dogs and the characteristics they focus on may provide insight into their perceptions of socially responsible pet ownership, as acquiring a dog is the first step in dog ownership. An online survey of 1523 U.S. residents was used to aid understanding of public perceptions of dog acquisition. Likert-scale questions allowed respondents to assign a level of agreement, within the given scale, to ten statements related to dog acquisition. A significantly higher percentage of women (39.6%) than men (31.7%) agreed that the only responsible way to acquire a dog is through a shelter/rescue. More women (71.3%) than men (66.4%), as well as those with a higher household income (71%), identified source as important. Best-worst methodology was used to elicit perceptions regarding the most/least ethical ways to acquire a dog. Three subgroups were identified, one of which had an overwhelmingly large preference share (96%) for adoption. The second group had more evenly distributed preference shares amongst the various dog acquisition methods, while the third indicated a preference for "homeless" pets. Additional investigation of the values/beliefs underlying the preferences of these groups is necessary to design appropriately tailored companion animal-focused communication strategies for these different groups.


This study was carried out to investigate the changes on the components of salted eggplant(shikibu) during storage. The contents of total and reducing sugars were decreased during storage, and the tendency of decrease was lower in the salted eggplants of vacuum packing storage than in the salted eggplants of rice bran immersion storage. The contents of acetic and malic acid were higher than other organic acids. The content of acetic acid was increased during storage, but malic acid was decrease. The major amino acid were valine, leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid. The content of essential amino acids was increased during storage. Aspartic acid, alanine, cystine and proline were high content of free amino acids. The contents of phosphoserine, taurine, Y-aminoisobutyric acid and hydroxyproline were higher than others. Posphoserine content was decreased during storage, but Y-aminoisobutyric acid was increased to 5 times of fresh eggplant at 20 days of storage.


Spasticity is a locomotory disability that is common after injury to the spinal cord. Monoamines such as serotonin and dopamine controls the activation of motoneurons, which in turn affects muscle. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) catalyzes formation of serotonin from 5-hydroxytryptophan and dopamine from L-dihydroxyphenylalanine. To study if there are cells in the primate spinal cord that express AADC and thereby may produce monoamines, we performed immunohistochemistry with diaminobenzidine staining on normal spinal cord from Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Transversal sections revealed AADC-immunoreactive (IR) cells close to the central canal (CC) with processes passing the ependymal layer into the CC where they terminated with a bulbous ending. These AADC-IR cells were mainly found on the ventral side of CC with strongly stained cell bodies and processes whereas occasional bulbous endings immunostained for AADC were found on the dorsal side of CC. These AADC-IR cells were clearly cerebrospinal-fluid contacting and classified as belonging to the D1 category of AADC-cells. They were found in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord segments. In addition, AADC-IR cells with clearly labeled processes were found around and ventral of CC towards the ventral median fissure. These cells were sometimes situated close to blood vessels. Thus, AADC-IR cells were mainly found in gray matter and in gray matter bordering the white matter. Vascular walls were not clearly immunostained for AADC. Strong AADC-IR was seen in fibers, particularly in the dorsal horns and these were potentially descending monoamine fibers from the brain. In comparison with rat spinal cord (1) the AADC-IR cells in monkey spinal cord were overall less abundant. In conclusion, we have identified AADC-IR cells in monkey spinal cord and further studies will reveal if they may contribute to monoamine synthesis and control of motoneuron excitability after spinal cord injury. (1) Wienecke et al, J Neurosci, 34:36, 2014 (Less)


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Objective:This study aimed to establish the prevalence of extralaryngeal bifurcation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and investigate the location of the motor fibers to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx within the branches of the RLN. Summary of Background Data:Recognition of extralaryngeal branching of the RLN is important, because inadvertent division of a branch may lead to significant vocal cord palsy despite the operator believing the nerve was preserved. Methods:Prospective operative data on branching of the RLN were collected in 579 patients undergoing thyroidectomy or open parathyroidectomy over a 3 year period and nerve integrity monitoring was utilized to document the position of the motor fibers of the last 176 RLNs. Adduction of the vocal cords was detected by the electromyography–endotracheal tube and abduction by finger palpation of muscle contraction in the posterior cricoarytenoid. Results:A total of 838 RLN were studied (right–432, left–406). Bifurcations occurred on the right in 111 (25.7%) and left 93 (22.9%). Bilateral bifurcation occurred in 23 (8.9%) of bilaterally dissected nerves. Overall 176 RLNs in 118 patients were assessed by the nerve integrity monitoring. Of these 41 (23.3%) were bifid RLN. In all 41 (100%) cases of bifid RLN, motor fibers for both adduction and abduction of the vocal cords were located exclusively in the anterior branches of RLN, and none in the posterior branches. Conclusion:Extralaryngeal bifurcation of RLN is a common anatomical variant. The motor fibers of RLN are located in the anterior branch, for both adduction and abduction. Great care is therefore required following the presumed identification of the RLN to ensure there is no unidentified anterior branch.


Vibration damping is prominent in engineering; in fact, vibrations are related to many phenomena (e.g., the fatigue of structural elements). The advent of smart materials has significantly increased the number of available solutions in this field. Among smart materials, piezoelectric materials are most promising. However, their efficiency depends on their placement. There are many studies on their optimal placement for damping a particular mode, but few account for multimodal vibrations damping. In a previous work, an analytical method was proposed to find the optimal placement of piezoelectric plates to control the multimode vibrations of a cantilever beam. In this study, the efficiency of the above method has been improved, considering all plates active simultaneously, regardless of the eigenmodes that are excited, and changing, instead of the plates, the potential distribution. The method results indicate the optimal potential distribution for different excited eigenmodes. The results have been compared with those obtained by experimental tests and numerical simulations, exhibiting very good agreement.


By applying a principle of submorphemic invariance to the word-initial segment gn- (phonologically /n/) in the heuristic class of English 'gn- words', I show that this segment functions as a 'sublexical marker' ( ), defined as a semiologically and notionally invariant submorphemic unit within the subset(s) of words of which it is a formative. I go on to claim, based on evidence provided by phononotional GN-/GVN(-) alternation, that although must be considered as structurally indivisible in Modern English, in may originally have functioned as a 'core invariant' and as a variable in the pre-history of English, specifically in Proto-Indo-European. Analysing gn- in most 'gn- words' of Anglo-Saxon origin and some of Greek origin as the surface trace of an underlying notional domain linked to jaw-related phenomena (sound articulation, mastication, manducation, etc.) suggests that there exists an extralinguistically motivated, causal relation between and this domain involving the concept of 'submorphemic iconicity'.


Abstract : Under this effort, a bacteriorhodopsin-based, three dimensional (3-D) memory device was developed and fabricated. Advances were made in both prototype development and materials enhancement. Bacteriorhodopsin in its native form (i.e., the wild-type protein that has not been altered either genetically or chemically) is incapable of the efficient operation. This fact guided the research effort toward three major objectives: (1) Optimization of the protein with respect to operation in the 3-D optical memory, (2) Optimization of the polymer matrix that encapsulates the protein, thereby comprising the memory media, and (3) Fabrication of prototype 3-D optical memories geared toward use with not only the native protein, but also chemically and genetically manipulated forms. Directed evolution (DE) was selected as the best way to optimize the protein. This genetic engineering technique offers the opportunity to explore mutations that otherwise would be overlooked by more pragmatic approaches. Additionally, advances in polymer matrix optimization have been made with respect to long-term stability, shrinkage, and optical clarity. Lastly, a prototype device was made under this effort that represents the first true step toward a commercially viable optical memory.


During the last decade it has become fashionable, in particular in American anthropological circles, to speak of a crisis of representation. Following Geertz' 1973 call for a more transparent research process, many approaches and experiments were undertaken to improve the modes of representation in ethnographic writing. However, this seems to place the focus at the wrong end of the research process: anthropology does not so much have a problem with writing, I would maintain, but rather with the legitimacy of the research encounter. Caution is therefore advisable, lest we put too much emphasis on the product of research through rhetorical artistry while forgetting the process of research itself. The whole movement of Writing Culture while en vogue in literary circles and those of cultural studies, seems to have led anthropology to the barren impasse of the paradigmatic armchair-approach by slipping into literary discourses of introspective meta-exercises, the subjects of the field-encounter, meanwhile, becoming almost invisible. Geertz, on the surface of his 1988 Works and Lives, disavowed the whole movement of Writing Culture, yet he did much to foster the belief that anthropology stands or falls with its skill in convincingly und persuasively writing about others. A close reading of his advice discloses the ambiguity of his own position: while sarcastically deriding the Malinowskian aim of a specific ethnographic mode of research and exposing with some scorn the rhetorical skills of the master-generation (Benedict, Firth, Levi-Strauss and others), he opts in the end for a continuation of this very same rhetoric of persuasiveness in ethnography. The present essay puts this whole movement into perspective in the light of other ideological movements permeating the intellectual scene in the United States at present, among them that of political correctness. The author offers a way out of the conundrum of the endless debates on the textuality of social life by


The Purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation training of prospective employees at PT Pusri Palembang. This research used qualitative methods. The data were collected through literature review and interviewing with the employees on the education and training departments at PT Pusri Palembang. The results of the study are the data or document collecting didn't do running well so they had the diffulties to find out their data on the job training. Then, there is a lack of computer training for perspective employees. Based on the results, the writer gives suggestion. First, the data or document ahould be collected by the adviser directing in each unit when there is a job training. Second, it is better to give computer training for perspective employees to improve their knowledge related to computer technology.
Keyword : Training, Prospective Employee, PT Pusri


Objective: To summarize the modern theoretical basis for the treatment of tumor by Wen Yang method and its connotation,and discuss the significance of Wen Yang method to treat tumor and classify the research of experiment and clinic about treating tumor by Wen Yang method. Methords: A Total of 206 articles about treating tumor by Wen Yang method published between 2003 ~ 2013 were retrieved in CNKI with the key words of "warming the Yang,tumor,clinical research,experimental study". Inclusion criteria: 1) Study on the theory and connotation of Wen Yang method for treating tumor; 2) Experimental study of antitumor effect of Wen Yang herb extraction monomer; 3) Experimental study on Wen Yang method therapy for tumor 4) Clinical study on Wen Yang method therapy for tumor. Forty papers were collected. Results: Studies of Wen Yang method for tumors are more concentrated on the experience from the old TCM doctors,Wen Yang herb extraction monomer,compound anti tumor,etc. Lack randomized controlled studies of large scale systems. Conclusion:Wen Yang method for treating tumor has a great significance,especially combined with western medicine therapy. The best treatment for tumor is the choice of treatment by traditional Chinese and western medicine,particularly giving the first place to TCM treatment with Wen Yang method is one of the important measures for integrated Chinese and western medicine therapy for the prevention and treatment of tumor.


For field prediction of transmission lines, usually current information is concerned. However, charge, which is the dual field source of current, is necessary to be measured as well as the current in near-field conditions. Although charge could be derived from current theoretically, the error of charge may be much larger than that of current. Such an error transfer effect is considered in this paper and studied on a typical case.


The primary objective of the present research work is to study and compare the circadian variability in body temperature recorded from different locations of the body during subjects' normal routines. Temperatures of oral cavity (sublingually), tympanum, forehead, axilla and the elbow pit were measured simultaneously at approximate 1-h intervals for five consecutive days during subjects' waking span in their routine living condition. The observations were made in eight young, apparently healthy, university students. Data were analysed using cosinor rhythmometry for evaluation of circadian rhythms and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures to assess the effect of time of day and measuring site on body temperatures and their interaction. Significant circadian rhythms in body temperature, irrespective of site, were found. Based on autocorrelation analysis, it was observed that the day-to-day variability in body temperature was consistent. The acrophases of all the studied temperature rhythms were located in the afternoon, except axillary temperature, which occurred in the early evening. The mean daytime temperature was found to be the highest when recorded sublingually and it was the lowest on the forehead or elbow pit. On the basis of the results of this study, we recommend that the methods used could be introduced into laboratory courses in a curriculum of chronobiology courses for both UG and PG classes for the demonstration/study of circadian rhythms in body temperature under normal routines. The methods used are valuable as they are non-invasive, easily accepted and assessable in a student setting.


Balkan history has been presented, in gender terms, as a history of oppressed women, stark patriarchy and male domination. This narrative has rarely been questioned, its echoes still lingering in the corridors of those disciplines that helped its creation and promotion. Being one of them, ethnology can, and should play a central role in the deconstruction of the role of women in the so-called traditional cultures, thus establishing a potential continuity between their past and their present struggles.


At the 10th Congress of International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering in Tokyo, in 1976, the authors introduced a prefabricated hollow steel deck as a floor system for long-span suspension bridges. In this paper, they are proposing the application of this new deck to the main structure of smaller bridges. This deck has been used in bridges and floor systems in Japan. Here, the authors discuss the structural features and fabrication of this deck and present examples of its application to bridge construction. They also discuss the problems of design and construction of bridges using this deck, the methods of solving these problems, and the experimental studies conducted on the deck. This hollow steel deck is a prefabricated slab structure made up of two face plates with evenly-spaced core plates arranged diagonally between them. Tests have shown that this deck improves a bridge's lateral and torsional rigidity as well as its shearing resistance and fatigue strength. In that this deck is a prefabricated structure, its application facilitates bridge construction. Furthermore, the total thickness of the bridge structure can be reduced, thus improving its aesthetic appearance. /Author/


We investigate the cooling histories of peridotites and gabbros from localities that expose oceanic lithosphere formed beneath two fast seafloor spreading centers: Hess Deep as recovered from IODP Expedition 345 and ODP Leg 147, and the Oman Ophiolite as sampled by the Oman Drilling Project, ICDP Expedition 5057 (OmanDP). At these locations, relict crust‐mantle transition zones are directly sampled, enabling characterization of the thermal history of the crust‐mantle transition, and by inference, the depth extent of hydrothermal circulation beneath spreading centers. We measured major and trace element abundances in crustal gabbros and mantle peridotites from Hess Deep and OmanDP, and applied major and trace element‐based thermometers. Geospeedometric interpretation of the temperatures suggests similar cooling histories at both locations; cooling rates ranged from 0.02 to 2.6 °C/y from peak temperatures up to 1,350°C. The rates are consistent on either side of the paleo‐Moho (i.e., in the crust and mantle). Models for conductive cooling of the lower oceanic crust predict rates more than two orders of magnitude slower at the crust‐mantle transition zone, while thermal models that invoke deep and efficient hydrothermal circulation throughout the entire crustal section predict rates consistent with our observations. We infer that hydrothermal cooling extended to or near the petrologic Moho beneath the East Pacific Rise and the OmanDP paleo‐spreading center, consistent with the Sheeted Sills model for crustal accretion. Comparison with previously published rates recalculated using the methods we employed suggests the oceanic lower crust is cooled hydrothermally in some places and by conduction at others.


A monoclonal antibody to human interferon‐α, termed HT‐1 antibody, with a broad reactivity to various subtypes of interferon‐α was prepared. It bound and neutralized all of the four subtypes of E. coli‐derived human recombinant interferon‐α (aL1, aL2, aL4, and aL6) tested; it also neutralized human natural leukocyte interferon but only partially. Human interferon‐β and ‐γ were not bound. The antibody conjugated to Sepharose beads retained over 90% of human leukocyte interferon induced by Sendai virus. The bound interferon was recovered by acid elution in good yields and in almost pure form (specific activity was about 2 ′ 108 international units/mg protein). The purified interferon showed, in SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, an activity profile with major peaks in a mol. wt. range of 17,000–22,000, which completely agreed with the profile shown by polyclonal antibody‐purified interferon. Such purified leukocyte interferon‐α preparations containing most of the naturally occurring subtypes can be useful for clinical and other purposes.


Bell's inequality is usually considered to belong to mathematics and not quantum mechanics. We think that this makes it difficult to understand Bell's theory. Thus in this paper, contrary to Bell's spirit (which inherits Einstein's spirit), we try to discuss Bell's inequality in the framework of quantum theory with the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. And we clarify that whether or not Bell's inequality holds does not depend on whether classical systems or quantum systems, but depend on whether a kind of simultaneous measurements exist or not. And further we assert that our argument ( based on the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation) should be regarded as a scientific representation of Bell's philosophical argument (based on Einstein's spirit).


Larvae of four Heliothis species attack cotton and other cultivated crops in six of the seven continents of the world. These species are: H. armigera (Hbn.), the American bollworm, found in Australia, Africa, Asia, and Europe; H. punctigera (Wallengren), found only in Australia; H. virescens (F.), the tobacco bud worm; and H. zea (Boddie), the cotton bollworm, corn earworm, or tomato fruitworm, found only in the Americas. Resistance to insecticides has been reported from time to time for three of these species by various investigators in different parts of the world. It is our purpose to compile the available data on the status of resistance in these species to insecticides (papers no. 1 and no. 2), to discuss the biochemical and nonbiochemical causes for this resistance (paper no. 3), and to present methods for preventing the development of resistance (paper no. 4).


Abstract Aluminum phosphide is most common cause of poisoning in northern India. There is no specific antidote available and management of such cases is mainly supportive with high mortality. We present two cases of severe acute aluminium phosphide poisoning where continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was started early along with other resuscitative measures and both the patients survived.


This article describes the features of the development of the emotional sphere. It emphasizes the importance of the primary school age in the development of certain components of emotional intelligence, one of which is the ability to recognize emotions. In the early school years, children are able to understand emotions, but mostly with the help of their own emotional experience and/ or according to the situations they are used to experiencing, they mostly rely on the context of the situation, and, as we know, it does not always work correctly: different people in the same situations may experience completely different emotions. Few children are able to establish the reasons that caused other people emotions. Besides, one of the components of emotional intelligence is the ability to control one's own emotions. Emotion regulation becomes available for children after the socialization associated with the first years at school. Child development is partly determined by the process of socialization, which determines specific cognitive representations of emotions, so called emotional prototypes. Also the culture in which the child grows up has effects on the process of emotion recognition and expression, so, for example, in the individualistic culture emotional expression and recognition is encouraged, and in collectivist cultures, there are certain rules of emotional expression fixing in which situations and to what extent the expression of emotions is permissible.


The most incredible video about Programming ! code.org Launched in 2013, Code.org® is a non-profit dedicated to expanding participation in computer science by making it available in more schools, and increasing participation by women and underrepresented...


Peach is an economically important fruit tree crop worldwide. The external color of the fruit governs the peach price, especially in fruits with different degrees of blush. Molecular marker-assisted breeding has become a necessary part of modern breeding practices, increasing their efficiency. Although the key related genes responsible for peel coloration have been found in peach, corresponding molecular markers have not been widely used in peach breeding. The development of molecular markers for peach peel color needs to be advanced and implemented in practice. This study aimed to explore the variation related to peach skin color and to develop molecular markers linked to these variants that can be used in breeding. By analyzing the expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related and regulatory genes, we confirmed that MYB10.1 is a key gene controlling skin color. We further identified that 5243 bp insertion and 483 bp deletion in the MYB10.1 promoter was highly associated with peach skin color phenotypes. In addition, we identified one transposon insertion mutation at the −2706 bp position of the MYB10.1 promoter associated with the non-red fruit skin trait and developed a molecular marker for validation. The insertion size amplified from the 'ShiYuBaiTao' genome DNA was approximately 3.5 kb. However, it explained a lower percentage of the non-red skin phenotype variance in peach, at 36.1%, compared to MYB10.1-2/MYB10.1-2 in this study. Based on these results, we propose that MYB10.1-2/MYB10.1-2 should not only be the only non-red skin genotype assessed but should also be combined with other molecular makers to increase the prediction accuracy of peach skin color.


The use of Rhizopus sp. mycelium as biocoating, biostabilizing, and biofloating agent in the production of floating fish feed through solid fermentation had already been studied as a much simpler alternative to mechanical extrusion. The fermented fish feed, however, had poor floatability in aerated water, probably due to structural damage during the size reduction process of the feed. Thus, this study used alternative size-reducing methods, namely slicing and moulding, to improve the floatability of the fermented feed. Other physical characteristics were also measured and compared to those of commercial sinking and floating fish feeds. Results showed that both the moulded and the sliced fermented-feeds had lower density as well as higher water stability, absorption capacity, floatability, and durability compared to those of the commercial sinking feed used as the fermentation substrate. The hydrophobicity of all the feeds tested were similar, however. The floatability of the fermented feeds obtained in this study was much higher than those of the previous studies.


A process for the preparation of nitriles of formula (II) R by reacting Aldehydoximen (R with cyclic alkylphosphonic anhydrides at a temperature in the range of -100 to + 120 ° C, wherein R Preferably a 2,4,6-substituted 1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane-2,4,6-trioxide of formula (I) is used as the cyclic phosphonic anhydride, wherein R 'is independently allyl, aryl or open-chain or branched C Optionally, the reaction can be carried out


Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the efficacy of tyrosol on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Materials and Methods


This conceptual paper argues that for sustainable product innovation to make a contribution to addressing sustainability issues, we need to understand not only why consumers adopt sustainable products but also what makes them use these in sustainable way. To explain how specific product features can change the ways in which consumers engage with sustainable products in the adoption and usage phase, we draw on affordance theory. Affordances refer to the potential for agentic action of users in relation to a technological object. We develop a conceptual framework that explains how sustainable product innovation can lead to the design of sustainability affordances that stimulate adoption and sustainable usage. The framework shows how three forms of agency — material, firm, and user agency — interact and together influence a product's sustainability affordances that drive adoption and a change in consumer behavior. The framework explains how trade-offs between a product's environmental features and consumer expectations regarding desired functionalities and user experience can be overcome.


This study aimed to reveal the functions of the jumlah ismiyyah which consist anna al-maṣdariyyah in the novel Abwābu al-Madīnati by Ilyās Khūrī by utilizing syntactic theory related to functions. The data in this study were in the form of jumlah ismiyyah consisting of anna al-maṣdariyyah. Technique of collecting data in this study used the referral method with tapping technique as a basic technique and note-taking technique as an advanced technique. This study used the agih method as the analysis stage with the Direct Element Technique (BUL) as a basic technique with i'rāb model and substitution technique as an advanced technique. Furthermore, the presentation of the results of data analysis was done by using informal methods.
Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that in the Abwābu al-Madīnati novel by Ilyās Khūrī, there were 101 jumlah ismiyyah consisting of anna al-maṣdariyyah. Those 101 jumlah ismiyyah were classified based on their functions, such as khabar mubtada`, fā'il, maf'ūl bih, mustaṡnā, ma'ṭūf, and ism majrūr. Jumlah ismiyyah consisting of anna al-maṣdariyyah with the form maṣdar mu`awwal can be replaced with ism in the form of maṣdar ṣarīḥ. The substitution of maṣdar mu`awwal with the form maṣdar ṣarīḥ did not cause a change in meaning and grammatical function because both of them get the same position in a sentence. Then the use of maṣdar mu`awwal in that novel gives a specific time marker for an action in a sentence and makes the meaning of the sentence become more cultured.


The present invention relates to a semiconductor device having a deep trench structure, and more particularly, to a semiconductor device having a deep trench structure to isolate the well and the well of the device neighbor is doped at a high concentration efficiently with the operating voltage of the high voltage . Semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor device having a deep trench structure of the present invention each having a first conductive type well and a second conductive type well of opposite type to do this; Wherein each of the first gate oxide film and a gate electrode stacked on the first conductive type well and a second conductivity-type well; A second conductive type drift region formed on both sides of the gate electrode in the lower portion of the first conductivity type well; A first conductive type drift region formed on both sides of the gate electrode lower in the second conductivity-type well; And the second is configured to include a first element-isolating film having a deep trench structure than said each conductive type well in order to separate the first conductive type well and the second conductive type well. Operating voltage, wells, deep trenches, shallow trench


The topic of diploma thesis is a marketing strategic plan of development organization Charity Holy Family in Luhacovice. The theoretical part is based on current literature, describes the non-profit organizations and their role in the economy, characterizes a charitable organization. It follows from the specification of marketing in the non-profit sector, the importance of planning and procedure in drawing up a strategic marketing plan. The basis for practical analysis is the current state of the environment and the organization of the project deals with the actual compilation of a strategic marketing plan with emphasis on the development of the organization.


Ge2H2NaOioSm3, monoclinic, C12/cl (No. 15), a = 18.323(3)Â, b = 5.2369(8)À, c = 12.108(2)Â,yS= 131.230(2)°, V = 873.8À, Ζ = 4, Rgi(F) = 0.037, wR^F 1 ) = 0.010, T= 153 Κ. Source of material Yellow crystals of NaSm3(Ge04)2(OH)2 were obtained from a hydrothermal reaction of0.035 g (0.10 mmol) S1112O3 and 0.020 g (0.20 mmol) Ge02 in 0.4 mL of NaOH (10.5 M) solution sealed in a silver tube that was heated at 797 Κ for 3 days. Discussion Hydrothermal methods have been used successfully to synthesize many compounds [ 1,2]. The title compound was first synthesized in [3,4]., and the structure was described in the noncentrosymmetric space group Cc. However, we believed that the space group determination was not right based on the position of the atoms. In addition, a review article by Demianets gives the space group as Illa for the same compound, but they did not give any explanation or new characterization [5]. Table 3. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Â). Our X-ray single crystal structure determination of the compound was done with a final reliability factor R = 0.037 and space group was determined as Clic. The hydrogen atoms were not localized. This structure has an olivine type chain parallel to α-axis [6]. The cation polyhedral chain is made up with alternation Na and Sm polyhedra. There are two crystallographically independent Sm atoms. The Sm 1 is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms and Sm2 is coordinated by seven oxygen atoms in an irregular polyhedron. The Sm 1 —O distances range from 2.359(5) Â to 2.644(5) Â. The Sm2—O distances range from 2.353(5) Â to 2.507(5) À. The Ge atom has four coordinating oxygen atoms forming a distorted tetrahedron. The Ge—O distances range from 1.741(5) Â to 1.786(5) À. Table i . Data collection and handling. Crystal: yellow block, size 0.058 χ 0.118 χ 0.150 mm Wavelength: Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 Â) μ· 267.36 cm" 1 Diffractometer, scan mode: Broker SMARTCCD, Δω = 0.3° 20max* 57.62° WAWJmeasured, N(hkl)miqm· 3997, 1023 Criterion for /obs, N(hkl)gc. /obs > 2 a(Iobs), 970 N(param)K nn«j: 78 Programs: SHELXS-97 [7], SHELXL-97 [8] Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Â). Atom Site Occ. χ y ζ {/¡» Na(l) 8 / 0.23 0.247(3) 0.246(7) 0.509(4) 0.006(4) Na(2) 8 / 0.27 0.264(1) 0.295(3) 0.480(2) 0.006 Atom Site χ y ζ U\\ C/22 Í/33 Un t/13 C/23 Sm(l) 4e 0 0.29016(9) 1/4 0.0066(3) 0.0027(3) 0.0031(3) 0 0.0039(3) 0 Sm(2) 8 / 0.11829(2) 0.29557(7) 0.08559(4) 0.0070(3) 0.0047(3) 0.0029(3) 0.0013(1) 0.0035(2) 0.0000(1) Ge(l) 8 / 0.14042(5) 0.7395(1) 0.29168(8) 0.0077(4) 0.0028(4) 0.0045(4) -0.0004(2) 0.0048(4) -0.0005(2) 0(1) 8 / 0.1258(3) 0.0696(9) 0.2718(5) 0.008(2) 0.001(2) 0.004(2) -0.001(2) 0.003(2) -0.000(2) 0(2) 8 / 0.1503(3) 0.5952(9) 0.4316(5) 0.011(2) 0.006(2) 0.006(2) -0.002(2) 0.007(2) -0.002(2) 0(3) 8 / 0.2233(3) 0.615(1) 0.2779(5) 0.008(2) 0.006(2) 0.013(2) 0.001(2) 0.008(2) 0.001(2) 0(4) 8 / 0.0339(4) 0.5799(9) 0.1375(5) 0.009(2) 0.005(2) 0.003(2) -0.001(2) 0.004(2) -0.001(2) 0(5) 8 / 0.0876(4) -0.118(1) -0.0127(5) 0.015(2) 0.006(2) 0.006(2) -0.002(2) 0.007(2) -0.002(2) * (e-mail: email@example.com) 18 NaSm3(Ge04)2(OH)2 Acknowledgments. We gratefully acknowledge help from Clemson University and Dr. Joseph Kolis.


Dendrimers are used as polycationic carriers for enhanced drug or gene delivery for the treatment of various illnesses. The potential release of these compounds in the environment has raised concerns about their ecotoxicity in non-target organisms such as fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of G2 and G5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM dendrimers) to rainbow trout hepatocytes in the presence of a representative antibiotic (minocycline) in treated wastewaters. Hepatocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of G2 and G5 dendrimers both alone and in the presence of minocycline for 48 h at 15oC. Cell viability was determined by the microplate carboxyfluorescein retention assay. The data revealed that G5 PAMAM dendrimer was toxic at a threshold concentration of 7 μg/mL, while G2 PAMAM dendrimer was not toxic at concentrations of up to 20 μg/mL. Minocycline alone was not toxic to trout hepatocytes at 100 μg/mL, but when used in combination with G2 PAMAM dendrimer at a concentration of 20 μg/mL, it became toxic at a threshold concentration of 70 μg/mL. Minocycline was 2 times more potent in the presence of G5 PAMAM dendrimer relative to G2 PAMAM dendrimer, at a threshold concentration of 35 μg/mL. We conclude that dendrimers could enhance the toxicity of a representative environmental antibiotic to rainbow trout hepatocytes.


The purpose of this study was to determine teaching competency and music performance as moderated by the ICT skills of teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 MAPEH teachers of the public secondary schools who are teaching junior high school students (Grades 7, 8, 9 and 10) under the Division of Sarangani, Sarangani Province, Region XII. The researcher utilized total population sampling and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized statistical tools such as mean, Pearson r, multiple regression and moderator analysis. From the results of the study, it was found that there are very high levels of mean scores of teaching competency, and high levels of music performance and teachers' ICT skills. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between teaching competency and music performance, a significant relationship between teaching competency and teachers' ICT skills, and a significant relationship between teachers' ICT skills and music performance. Moreover, there is no moderation in the effect of teachers' ICT skills on the relationship between teaching competency and music performance.  Article visualizations:


Lipophilic derivatives of 2,6-bis(3-pyrazolyl)pyridine and 1,3-bis (3-pyrazolyl)benzene were obtained in acceptable yields by Stork reactions and transformed by N-alkylations into three pentadentates, three bis(bidentates), and one macrocyclic octadentate ligand. The parent bis(pyrazolyl) pyridine constituted a terpyridine analogue and readily formed a Ru(II) complex. By comparison of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance patterns, it was found that the alkylations in the bis(pyrazolyl)pyridine series conferred an anti,anti conformation of the imino nitrogens. The pentadentates were then able to extract alkali metal ions into CHCl3 with only modest strength and selectivity, but the preferred extraction of Li+ by one of these was notable. By variation of the reaction conditions, a tri-iron(III) and a di-iron(III) complex were obtained from a bis(bidentate).


The adoption of biodegradable packaging materials is increasing in food and consumer good packaging applications. Currently, poly(lactide) (PLA) polymers are the biggest commercially available bio-based packaging material. Life cycle analyses show that the production of PLA polymers consumes around two times less energy than conventionally petroleum based polymers. Therefore, the first issue that needs to be addressed is its environmental impact. The disposal of such biodegradable polymeric packaging residues in composting facilities can be an important method of reducing the amount of packaging materials that are disposed as municipal solid waste. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study done evaluating the compostability of a complete biodegradable package in real-time composting conditions. The real composting conditions differ from the simulated ones due to several factors such as weather, microbial growth and pH; and therefore the compostability of biodegradable packages is affected. This study addresses the compostability of two commercially available PLA packages, a bottle and a tray, in real composting conditions. The degradation of a PLA bottle composed of 96% L-lactide and 4% D-lactide with bluetone additive and a tray composed of 94% L-lactide and 6% D-lactide were evaluated in a composting pile having temperatures around 65oC ± 5oC (150°F ± 10°F), a relative humidity of 65% ± 5% wet weight moisture content and a pH of 8.5 ± 0.5. The packages were placed in compost in duplicate sets and were taken out on 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 15, and 30 days. The molecular weight (MW) and the glass transition (Tg), melting (Tm) and decomposition (TD) temperatures were monitored to assess the changes in the packages' physical properties. The MW was assessed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the Tg and Tm by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the TD by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the packages were visually inspected for color, texture, shape and thickness changes and pictures were taken as the package configurations evolved. After 4 days of being in the compost pile, initial fragmentation of the packages were observed. At 15 days, the trays started to become a part of the compost whereas the bottles showed slower degradation and started breaking apart. After 4 days for the trays and at 6 days for the bottles, a molecular weight reduction of 77% and 85% were observed, respectively. The molecular weight of the bottles and the trays were reduced from 209,324 Daltons to 10,686 Daltons and from 176,315 to 4,708 after 15 days of being in the compost pile, respectively. At 30 days, the bottles showed a molecular weight of 4,000 Daltons, and the trays were completely degraded. Similarly the decline in Tg at 15 days for both bottles and trays were 30% and 18%, and the Tm were 2.4% and 3.9%, respectively. The initial degradation temperatures of the bottles and the trays were 396.1°C and 396.8°C, respectively; whereas after 15 days in the compost they were reduced to 358.1°C and 326.2°C. The difference between the degradation time between the PLA bottles and trays can be attributed to their initial difference in crystallinity. PLA bottles and trays degrade under realtime composting conditions much faster than in previous studies reporting simulated composting conditions.


A track set includes a memory assembly that is operable to an engaged state to set a user-selected position. When the memory assembly is in an engaged state and in the user-selected position, the memory assembly resists movement of a first rail relative to a second rail in an aft direction. When the memory assembly is in the engaged state and in the user-selected position and the second rail moves in a fore direction relative to the first rail, the memory assembly is displaced in the aft direction relative to the second rail to a first position.


1. Crafoord C, Frenckner P. New surgical treatment of varicose veins of rhe oesophagus. Acta Otolaryngol1939; 27: 422-429. 2. Jobnston GW, Rodgers HW. A review of fIfteen years experience in rhe use of sclerorherapy in rhe control of acute haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. BrJ Surg 1973; 60: 797-800. 3. Terblanche J, Yakoob HI, Bornman PC et al. Acute bleeding varices: a fIve-year prospective evaluation of tamponade and sclerotherapy. Ann Surg 1981; 194: 521-530. 4. Spence RAJ, Anderson JR, Jobnston GW. Twenty-fIve years of injection sclerorherapy for varices. BrJ Surg 1985; 72: 195-198: 5. Terblanche J, Bornman PC, Khan D et al. Failure of repeated injection sclerorherapy to improve long-term survival, after oesophageal variceal bleeding. Lancet 1983; 2: 1328-1332. 6. MacDougall BRD, Wesraby D, Theodossi A, Dawson JL, WiIliams R. Increased long-term survival in variceal haemorrhage using injection sclerarherapy. Lancet 1982; 1: 124-127. 7. Scobie BA, Schlegel JF, Code CF, Summerskill WH]. Pressure changes of rhe esophagus and gastroesophageal junction wirh cirrhosis and varices. Gastroenterology 1965; 49: 67-73. 8. Ogle SJ, Kirk qc, Bailey RJ et al. Oesophageal function in cirrhotic patients undergoing injection sclerorherapy for oesophageal varices. Digestion 1978; 18: 178-185. 9. Sauerbruch T, Wirching R, Leisner B et al. Oesophageal function afrer sclerorherapy of bleeding varices. ScantlJ Gascroenterol1982; 17: 745-751. 10. Russell COH, Hill LD, Holmes ER, Hull DA, Gannon R, Pope CE. Radionuclide transit: a sensitive screening test for esophageal dysfunction. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 887-892. 11. Blackwell IN, Hannan WJ, Adam RD, Heading RC. Radionuclide transit . studies in rhe detection of oesophageal dysmotility. Gut 1983; 24: 421-426. 12. Reilly JJ, Schade RR, Van Thiel DS. Esophageal function after injection sclerorherapy; parhogenesis of esophageal stricture. Am J Surg 1984; 147: 85-88. 13. Evans DMD, Jones DB, Oeary BK, Smirh PM. Oesophageal varices treated by sclerorherapy, a histoparhological study. Gut 1983; 23: 615-620. 14. Soehendra N, De Heer K, Kempeneers I, Frommelt L. Morphological alterations of rhe oesophagus after endoscopic sclerorherapy of varices. Endoscopy 1983; 15: 291-296. 15. Larson GM, Vandertoll DJ, Netscher DT, Polk He. Esophageal motility: effects of injection sclerorherapy. Surgery 1984; 96: 703-710. 16. Sorensen TIA, Burcharth F, Pedersen ML, Findahl F. Oesophageal stricture and dysphagia after endoscopic sclerorherapy for bleeding varices. Gut 1984; 25: 473-477. 17. Spence RAJ, Jobnston GW, Parks TG. Oesophageal manometry in patients wirh varices and following oesophageal transection. Br J Surg 1985; 72: 9698.


TWO sylvania recent Supreme decisions Court by the 2 Pennoversylvania Supreme Court 2 overturned long-honored legal precedents concerning water utility liability for fire losses. They well may have the effect, in Pennsylvania, as well as in other states, of greatly enlarging utility liability. These two cases raise serious questions of public policy concerning both municipally owned and investorowned water utilities.


In the title compound, C16H14O4, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 75.8 (1)°. The torsion angle about the central C—C bond is 77.2 (3)°. The packing of the molecules in the solid state is stabilized by C—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and π–π intermolecular interactions.


Objective To discussion KangAi injection can reduce patients with breast cancer,the adverse reaction of postoperative chemotherapy.Methods Random design of two groups of patients with breast cancer as the research object:The treatment group(n = 47) KangAi injection by 40 mL ~ 60 mL to glucose,or 5% 0.9% saline 250 mL to 500 mL diluted bit vein,1 / d,30 d for a period of treatment,and at the same time with systemic chemotherapy(AC plan),and the control group(n = 46),only with chemotherapy.Adverse reaction according to WHO standard evaluation.Results Treatment group than in the control group in hematology toxicity to decline significantly(P0.01),so as to improve the quality of life.Conclusions Not only KangAi injection can reduce breast cancer patients the adverse reaction of postoperative chemotherapy,but improve the quality of life of the patients.


The constant restrictions on agricultural production are the soil and climate Agricultural production in Russia has been always disturbed by disadvantageous natural climate factors from ancient times Agricultural hours of labor in most areas in Russia are not so long as in the Western Europe. Russia is rich in resources, but it has to import coal, chemical productions, steel and linen because of its backward social economic systems Communications and transportation to large extent are restricted by physical geography factors Before the 19th century, land traffics in Russia were bad, so the leading roles were played by the waterway, which were frozen or dried up in winter In short, the influence of physical geography factors on the feudal economic development in Russia could not be neglected


Xi'an metro under construction pass through many ground fissure active zones,the future large deformations of active ground fissure zones make a serious threat on Xi'an metro tunnel.The genesis,moving mode and profile characteristics of active ground fissures in Xi'an are analyzed,the active tendency and maximum vertical displacements of active ground fissures in the design life time of metro tunnel are estimated.The behaviors of metro tunnel passing through active ground fissure are studied with three-dimensional FEM,the results show that tunnel lining appears cracks when the vertical displacement of ground fissure increases to 20 cm,structural measures such as setting up seams in tunnel segmentation,adding flexible joints between segmented tunnel and enlarging tunnel lining cross-section should be adopted in structural design of metro tunnel passing through active ground fissure zones.Based on the deformation characteristics of active ground fissures and numerical simulation results,the three-dimensional moving model of metro tunnel which is perpendicular and oblique to active ground fissure zones,is respectively established,the reserved value of vertical,transverse and axial displacements for metro tunnel in design are calculated.The conclusions can be presented as the reference for lining structure design of tunnel passing through the ground fissure active zones.