This paper examines a general performance measure for queueing systems. This criterion reflects both the mean and the variance of sojourn times; the standard deviation is a special case. The measure plays a key role in certain production models, and it should be useful in a variety of other applications. We focus here on convexity properties of an approximation of the measure for the M/G/c queue. For c ≧ 2 we show that this quantity is convex in the arrival rate. Assuming the service rate acts as a scale factor in the service-time distribution, the measure is convex in the service rate also.


Efficacy of 3 soil-incorporated, systemic insecticides in potato leafhopper (PLH) control was evaluated in 124 plots near Ames, IA. Soil type was a poorly drained, Coland clay loam. The 29 treatments and 2 checks were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks. Plots, each measuring 8 m x 4 rows (76 cm centers), were planted on May 13. Granular insecticides were applied at planting by 1 of 3 methods (surface band, in-furrow, or deep furrow) to either the glabrous (= susceptible) or pubescent (= resistant) Clark var. isoline. A 2 row buffer of the glabrous isoline surrounded each plot. Emergence occurred on May 25. Precipitation during May and Jun totalled 2.5 cm and 10.4 cm respectively, which is well below normal levels of 11.4 cm and 14.7 cm, respectively. Phytotoxicity ratings and stand counts were taken 15 days post-emergence. Adult PLH were sampled using a D-Vac vacuum insect net (.09 m2 sampling cone) with 8 subsampIes/plot. Adult samples (18, 32, 46, and 66 days post-emergence) were taken on Jun 11-12 (1-trifollate stage), Jun 26 (6-trifoliate stage), Jul 10 (full bloom), and Jul 30 (beginning pod formation). Yield response was assessed on Oct 7 by harvesting 6 row m/plot.


The dataset contains two tables, one for positive ions and another for negative air small ions. The tables are presented in the form of text files, where the values within two different sequential columns are separated by one tabulator. Such text files can be imported into several software programs, including MS Excel.


A differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and a Couette centrifugal particle mass analyzer (Couette CPMA) were used to measure the effective density and fractal dimension of particles emitted from a light-duty diesel vehicle fitted with a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). It was found that at high engine loads, the DOC increased in temperature, sulphate levels in the particulate matter increased, and a transient nucleation mode was observed. The increase in sulphate levels resulted in a drastic increase in the effective density and fractal dimension of the particles. At low engine loads (8–15%), sulphate levels were much lower, no nucleation mode was present and the fractal dimension varied from 2.22 to 2.48, which is in good agreement with previous studies. At 40% load, sulphate levels were much higher and the fractal dimension was 2.76. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


ABSTRACT Heat transfer and pressure drop measurements were conducted to study the thermal-hydraulics in a square, round-edged channel roughened by ribs (e/Dh = 0.0638, p/e = 10) on one wall at Reynolds numbers ranging from 5.0 × 104 to 2.5 × 105. Three variously shaped ribs were investigated: Transverse ribs with square cross sections, transverse ribs, and upstream directed 60° V-shaped ribs with round-edged rib front and rear surfaces. Friction factors, Nusselt number ratios, roughness functions, and the thermal performance were presented. The highest heat transfer and best thermal performance is reached by the upstream directed V-shaped ribs.


Discusses on-line monitoring of electric parameters, such as dielectric loss, divulging current, equivalent capacitance and running voltage, and presents an on-line monitoring system of insulation quality, based on monitoring divulging current and dielectric loss of high voltage equipment, and its advantages, such as helping people to discover the hidden problems in a timely manner, to reduce power cut and overhaul and to improve security of power supply.


We thank the referee for taking the time to read the manuscript and for the helpful feedback. Although we think that many most of the points raised are already described in the manuscript, it became clear that some clarification is necessary. In response to Referee 1, along with other revisions in response to Referee 2, we extended the description of our PSC scheme (Sect. 2.1) and of our evaluation approach (Sect. 2.4).


"The judgment of the Court of First Instance in the Microsoft case"* I. The 2004 Decision On 24 March 2004, the Commission adopted a decision pursuant to Article 82 EC concluding that Microsoft…


Today, with the increasing needs, people are in contact with each other more often. This communication takes place through language. Thus, people want to learn a foreign language other than their mother tongue. In language learning stages, structural and socio-cultural contradictions arise due to the fact that the languages in the world belong to different language families. This causes difficulties in understanding and expressing skills during the foreign language learning stage. Comprehension and narration skills; listening-reading-writing-speaking. Students try to acquire these skills in the time allotted to each of them in the foreign language course. It has been observed that 4th grade students studying at Iraq Stirling School in the 2021-2022 academic year have difficulties in speaking skills while learning Turkish as a foreign language. Thereupon, the existence of this problem was embodied by the questionnaire applied to 4 teachers working as Turkish teachers at the school. The aim of this study is to find out what factors affect students' speaking difficulties, to determine the effects of speaking Turkish as a foreign language on students' speaking Turkish, which is related to gender, teacher, classroom environment and more than one language. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 40 4th grade students. As a result of this survey, it was determined that 67% of the students had difficulties in speaking Turkish. Keywords: Foreign language Turkish, comprehension-expression skills, speech difficulties


Predicting the segment travel time of a vehicle, which includes its travel time on a road segment and the delay for passing the downstream intersection, can greatly help the drivers to better control a vehicle's speed to reduce signal delay and gasoline consumption. However, so far, few effective methods have been developed that can accurately characterize an individual vehicle's segment travel time. To address this problem, this article seeks to develop an analytical model to predict each vehicle's travel time on a signalized arterial roadway under nonsaturated traffic conditions. The proposed model is developed based on the following three situations a vehicle can experience when passing through a signalized intersection: 1) passing directly in the green time phase, 2) decelerating until coming to a complete stop in the red intervals, and 3) decelerating initially, but passing through without a stop. The situation that a vehicle will encounter is predicted by analyzing the correlation between a vehicle's entry time to the segment and the signal-phase timing using the kinematic wave theory. Then, the intersection delay of each vehicle is predicted based on the queue shockwave speed and the discharge shockwave speed. A vehicle's travel time on a road segment is predicted by summing the intersection delay and the segment free-flow travel time. The numerical application shows that the proposed model can accurately characterize a vehicle's travel time. Thereby, it can be applied in a connected environment to predict the segment travel time to improve the mobility of the traffic.


Stable water in oil emulsions can be formed with low pH water and viscous crudes which contain natural emulsifiers. An example is Boscan crude oil (200 cp) which is an asphaltic crude. Consolidated sandstone cores (about 19 to 22 percent porosity, 200 to 500 md permeability) were flooded alternately with Boscan crude and Boscan reservoir water (130 ppM sodium ions, 8 ppM calcium and magnesium ions) at reservoir temperatures, 180/sup 0/F. Secondary recovery tests were performed at 180/sup 0/F by following a crude flood with an emulsion slug, a polymer (Dow Pusher 700) flood and a water drive. All emulsion and polymer solutions were prepared with distilled water. A maximum oil recovery of 97 percent was obtained by emulsion flood. A waterflood gave a maximum recovery of 42 percent. Tertiary oil recovery, an emulsion flood after waterflooding, yielded 75 percent of the residual oil.


Developments in tabletop systems that combine Augmented Reality and tangible user interfaces on a horizontal display surface provide a new kind of physical and digital environment for collaborative design. The combination of tangible interaction with Augmented Reality display technique changes the dynamics of communication and has an impact on designers' perception of 3D models. We are studying the effects of tangible user interfaces on designers' spatial cognition and design communication in order to identify how such tabletop systems can be used to provide better support for collaborative design. Specifically, we compare tangible user interfaces with graphical user interfaces in a collaborative design task with a focus on characterising the impact these user interfaces have on spatial cognition.


For mastering our logistic material repertory'actuality crecetly, finding the defect exist in runing of logistic material repertory, and improving logistic material repertory's benefit. This paper estbilishs appraise model by appliing value-projcet theroy, analyse the ratio of function-received and cost-payed out, when the department of logistic material repertory meet army'needs. definitude logistic material repertory benefit's eccellent and bad, find improve logistic material repertory benefit's motheds. Value-projcet theroy's applying in appraise logistic material repertory benefit, makes appraise more nicety, convenience, shortcut, gives a stability base for improve server ability.


Abstract Background: Noise pollution is considered a risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Both are highly prevalent in Bulgaria, but their association has not been studied sufficiently. Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the risk of IHD associated with road traffic (Lden) and lifetime occupational noise exposure (LONE) in a Bulgarian sample. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 513 residents of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. A questionnaire asked about doctor-diagnosed IHD, LONE and confounding factors. Lden was derived from official noise map after geocoding participants' addresses. In log-link Poisson regressions we investigated the relative risks of prevalent IHD. Sensitivity analyses examined subgroup differences. Results: Lden ≥ 65 dB was associated with higher risk (RR=1.84, 95% CI: 0.61, 5.57) of IHD in long-term residents (≥ 20 years). LONE was associated with RR=1.76 (0.82, 3.78) for ever-exposed; and RR=2.35 (1.00, 5.52) for 15 - 47 years exposure. Conclusions: Exposure to Lden≥65 dB was associated with non-significantly higher risk of IHD. Longer LONE was consistently associated with higher risk. In some subgroups the effect of noise was more pronounced.


religious nones, view one another and how this influences culture and society. I have two main critiques of the book, neither of which invalidates the overall importance of this work. First, I would have loved to see more recent qualitative data, as the 30 face-to-face interviews occurred between 2012 and 2013. As a qualitative scholar myself, I understand how time-consuming qualitative work is and how difficult it is to get this work published in a timely manner. While I think the interviews add value to this book, especially for those who are new to the topic, I wondered throughout the book if the qualitative quotes were still relevant and if the respondents' views had shifted over time. I also wondered how these Canadians' perspectives differed or aligned with their U.S. counterparts. My second critique is that the data and writing were so thick that it was hard to trudge through; I needed to take time away to process what I had read before moving forward. The denseness could be viewed as helpful, especially for scholars of religion; but I would be reluctant to assign this book to graduate students and would not assign it to undergraduate students. I think the main audience for the book as written is scholars of religion and graduate students working on dissertations or theses related to the sociology of religion. I'm sure, as the authors also mentioned, that this book would be of interest to religious leaders striving to understand and bring in the religiously unaffiliated. Overall, the book seeks to fill many gaps in the existing literature and provides a novel comparative study on religious nones in the United States and Canada. None of the Above is an important step forward in the sociology of religion; the book advances theory and lays out numerous paths forward for the discipline. This book is well written, clearly organized, and full of rich data that should be read and understood by all scholars of religion. Migration and Hybrid Political Regimes: Navigating the Legal Landscape in Russia, by Rustamjon Urinboyev. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. 184 pp. $34.95 paper. ISBN: 9780520299573.


On 2 January 1804 William Wickham informed Prime Minister Henry Addington that owing to persistent illness and a lame knee he was obliged to resign his position as chief secretary for Ireland.1 In reply, Addington accepted this explanation at face value, lamenting its necessity but hoping 'that the Time is not distant when you will resume your Station in Ireland, or be placed in one not less important elsewhere'.2 Wickham was never to return to Ireland, nor, except for a brief period as a member of the treasury board during the Ministry of All the Talents, did he ever again hold public office. He was, however, to be haunted by his decision to resign and by the Irish question, especially in the last years of his long life (he died in October 1840 at the age of 79). Some historians who have referred to this episode have done so knowing what Addington did not, that Wickham had an ulterior motive for resigning.3 They have cast Wickham as a victim of Britain's Irish problem, an honourable public servant crushed by a burden of guilt. In particular, they have emphasized Wickham's despairing admission that Robert Emmet's last letter to him, written a few moments before the Irishman took 'his very march to the scaffold' on 20 September 1803, was the primary cause of his decision to resign from a ministry whose policies he could no longer support.4 In this letter Emmet expressed his gratitude for the treatment he had received while in prison, praised the Dublin Castle administration for its 'mildness' and acquitted it of 'remissness' in failing to prevent the rebellion.5 According to James J. Sack, 'Wickham came under Emmet's spell, identified with him to an


As one of old ethnic groups of Chinese, Gao-gou-li had had abundant Shamanism culture. The ethnic origin myth of oviparity bred by sun belongs to the culture pattern of the birth of Chinese ancient ethnic groups, which has the lively characteristics of Chinese culture. The celestial adoration, the clever star adoration and the witch culture reveal the cultural uniformity from the same cultural parent and cultural identification. It has become an important part of Chinese cultural system of Shamanism.


The aim of this research was to create mathematical models for describing the changes in beer properties by using two chemometric methods applied on the experimental data. The models are intended to be useful and trustworthy for calculating four beer properties based on three easily measured ones. For that purpose, lager and malt beer were packaged in glass bottles, while lager beer was also packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Samples were placed at room temperature in the dark for 6 months. Fifteen physical and chemical properties of the beer were measured before bottling, immediately after bottling and once per month for the next 6 months. Standard MEBAK and Analytica-EBC methods of analysis were applied. During the 6 month period, seven properties changed >1%. Two partial least squares regression methods [polynomial regression, partial least squares regression with polynomial regression (PLSR-PR) and response surface method (PLSR-RSM)] were used for modelling the relationships amongst multivariate measurements. Models with high statistical significance were determined and two PLSR methods were compared. Both chemometric methods were found to be suitable for modelling physical and chemical changes in the beers during their commercial shelf-life. The PLS-RSM method was found to be the more precise and confident method in describing property changes for lager and malt beer in glass bottles, while the polynomial regression model was found to be better for the lager beer packaged in PET. The R2 values determined for polynomial regression model were up to 0.939, while for the random surface method model the values were up to 1.000. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling


THE present invention relates to a means of embryonic totipotent BIRD TYPE CARRYING A culture medium avian cells, characterized it LEADS SUPPLEMENTARY elements of the culture medium for avian cell, being chosen such elements SUPPLEMENTARY IN GROUP comprising: cytokines FACTORS fibroblast growth, GROWTH FACTORS insulin analogues, FACTORS STRAINS cell growth, and because it is substantially devoid ACTIVE retinoic acid. ALSO it REFERS TO A culture method totipotent embryonic AND POULTRY PRODUCTS THAT MAY BE OBTAINED BY THIS PROCEDURE.


We propose a system which extracts named entities from crime occurrence information distributed as an e-mail, accumulates the data as a database and visualizes the content of the database compositing with the electronic map. The proposed system allows us to accumulate the crime information which occurs sporadically and it supports us in grasping the occurrence situation and/or tendency visually and intuitively. In order to construct a crime occurrence database from distributed e-mails, we developed a technique of applying natural language processing for extracting required information from the email. We developed the prototype of the proposed system and checked the usefulness of it through applying the system to the actual crime e-mail magazine service.


Abstract This collection of essays opens with the editors' biographical sketch of the honoree, Stefan Brink. Their original call for papers elicited an enthusiastic response, allowing them to select topics that accorded well with Brink's research interests and
 could also be grouped around a multi-part theme. This results in an unusually coherent and focused collection of essays. The overall theme, summarized in the book's title, Making the Profane Sacred, is ramified as 1) understanding sacredness, 2) sacredness and space, 3) the sacred
 and the text, 4) sacredness across contexts, and 5) afterlives of sacredness. (13); these also serve as section headings. The Viking world of the spirit and its internal dynamism are then rewardingly examined along coordinates of both space and time. The Introduction continues with summaries
 of the 19 essays that comprise the volume. A majority of these focus on broad topics rather than specific texts, sites, pseudo-historical moments, or phenomena, reflective of the senior status of most contributing scholars.


This paper presents a reconstruction process to build the three-dimensional cerebral vessel tree from a pair of DSAs (digital subtraction angiograms). To segment the blood vessels from the background, the local thresholding and global thresholding was used to bilevel the input image. Thinning is applied to obtain the skeleton of the vessels. The B-spline curve is used to smooth the skeleton. The skeleton is then tracked to find the branch points of the skeleton and used as the feature points for matching. The radius of the vessel was detected by the matched filter concept. For each feature point in the first image, we use the epipolar constraint and the property of feature points to find its correspondence on the other image. From the DSA machine structure, the data provided by the machine and the correspondence information, the least squares estimate of the real 3D skeleton position is obtained. By using the Gouraud shading method and the radius information, we display the reconstructed 3D shading images for various viewing angles and light source directions.


During the last three decades of the 20th Century, significant advances were made in the recognition of rights for mental patients, first regarding involuntary confinement and then regarding involuntary medication. This article summarizes the evolution of those advances and then looks specifically at the application of those rights to incarcerated offenders and more specifically at pretrial defendants. The controversy concerning the involuntary medication of pretrial defendants is reviewed with specific focus on the major federal cases that reflected the differing interpretations of the 1992 Supreme Court decision Riggins v. Nevada. The variations concerning type of judicial review, substantive criteria to justify medication, and procedural due process requirements complicated the treatment of incompetent defendants and led to the 2003 Supreme Court decision in Sell v. U.S.


Nowadays, synthesis of novel nitrogen-bearing heterocyclic scaffolds is a challenging and demanding task as well. In our present work, we demonstrated a novel one-pot pseudo four-component reaction of 3,4-methylenedioxyaniline, N,N-dimethylbarbituric acid, and aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde for the regioselective construction of functionalized 6,8-dihydro-1'H,5H-spiro[[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7,5'-pyrimidine]-2',4',6' (3'H)-trione scaffolds using trimethyl glycine betaine based sustainable catalyst. The titled derivatives achieved through the formation of three new C-C bonds, one C-N bond, and generate two asymmetric carbon centers in final motif. Present protocol works efficiently, tolerate different substituents present in reactants, simple operational procedure, provide excellent reaction yield in short time, use of recyclable catalyst, up to 99.7% purity (HPLC) for the synthesized compounds, high diastereoselectivity (d.r.>50:1(syn:anti)), excellent Atom economy, Reaction mass efficiency, and Effective ...


This paper studies the existence and uniqueness of a solution to linear quadratic (LQ) mean field social optimization problems with uniform agents. We exploit a Hamiltonian matrix structure of the associated ordinary differential equation (ODE) system and apply a decomposition method to find the solution; this is facilitated by solving a Riccati equation via Schur vectors where the state weight matrix may not be positive semi-definite. We further extend the decomposition method to LQ mean field games.


We have fabricated p-type monocrystalline silicon (Si) solar cell with phosphorus (P) screen-printed n+ emitter and investigated its electrical and structural properties. During P screen-printed n+ emitter process, a 16 nm-thick phosphosilicate glass (PSG) layer was formed as a result of interaction between P-dopant paste and Si substrate. Due to the PSG reflow associated with the reduction of viscosity of oxide caused by the amount of P atoms in PSG layer, thinner and thicker PSG film was formed in convex and concave regions of the textured Si surface, respectively, which was quite different from the growth behavior of thermally grown SiO2 layer. Due to a strong dependence of P diffusion on the Si interstitials, deeper and shallower junctions were abnormally formed near the convex and concave regions in the textured Si surface, respectively. The electric field and temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics demonstrated that the Poole-Frenkel barrier lowering mechanism along with the generation-recombination mechanism had dominance over the current conduction in the reverse bias region of p-type monocrystalline Si solar cell fabricated using screen printing process.


Abstract For ammonia-water generator-absorber heat exchanger (GAX) systems to work at high coefficient of performance, the heat and mass transfer components have to operate at optimum performance within a narrow range of conditions for the recovery of internal energy, in the present work, an analysis is performed to study the absorption process of an ammonia-water vapor mixture by an aqueous solution of ammonia in a falling film absorber. The combined heat and mass transfer processes involved arc analyzed through an integral formulation of the continuity, momentum, energy, and diffusion equations. The effects of vapor flow direction relative to the solution, cooling ability, ammonia concentration of solution and vapor, and interfacial momentum and heat transfer rate on absorption processes are investigated. The characteristics of the absorption process are found to be governed by the relative significance of the mass transfer resistance and the driving forces between the solution film and the vapor mixture.


Considering the hardware resources limitation in the satellite onboard IP switch,a high capacity shared memory switch fabric with 8 priorities,variable-length packets scheduling mechanisms and pointer copy is presented.The specific structure,the key scheduling algorithm and the working processes of the circuits are provided.Xilinx V4sx55 FPGA are used to realize a 8× 8 switch fabric,the circuits occupy 164 K bytes on-chip memory resources and 5982 4 input lookup tables,which can meet the requirements of triple modular redundancy.When the working frequency is 100 MHz,64 bit width off-chip SRAM,the peak throughput of the switch fabric can reach 1.6Gbps.Using 64 bit width,133 MHz DDR off-chip memory,the peak throughputs can reach 4.25 Gbps.The fabric can be used in multi-stage switch fabrics which can meet the demand of throughputs over 10 Gbps.


An inverted pendulum is an unstable system with highly non-linear dynamic. It is necessary designing controllers that can react appropriately to external disturbances and modeling uncertainties. Therefore, the aim of this article is to blend a Variable Structure Controller(VSC) with Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) as a sliding surface on the linearized model of the Furuta pendulum (rotary inverted pendulum); the performance of the designed controller is tested by simulation, and the robustness is verified by experimental tests.


Objective: Describe the change in the number Veterans diagnosed with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Background: Of the nearly 1 million veterans who served in Operations Iraqi Freedom, Enduring Freedom, and New Dawn (OIF/OEF/OND) who received care between 2004–2014, approximately 4000 were diagnosed with a seizure disorder based on VA diagnostic coding. Many veterans who carry the diagnosis of epilepsy suffer from PNES and require dedicated mental health services. Many veterans with PNES suffer from post traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and delay in care. Our retrospective cohort study will explore risk factors and protective factors, utilization of services, barriers to services, and outcomes of veterans with newly diagnosed PNES. Here we report our preliminary findings of cumulative prevalence of OIF/OEF/OND veterans with PNES from 2004–2014. Design/Methods: We used data from the Women Veteran Cohort Study (N=985,750) to identify Veterans in VA care with epilepsy or other seizure disorder diagnosis (ICD-9 code of 345 or 780.39) from 2004 to 2014. Since there is no ICD-9 code to identify Veterans with PNES in the VA national database and the ICD-9 code for conversion disorder (300.11) has not been readily used by neurologists to label PNES, we used an electronic health record informatics text tool called Voogo to identify patients with PNES as documented in neurologists' progress notes and described elsewhere. Cumulative prevalence of PNES per 1000 Post 9/11 was calculated yearly from 2004–2014. Results: The cumulative prevalence of PNES in the VA system is increased from 0.0727 to 0.3662 per 1000 OIF/OEF/OND Veterans (a 122.7% increase) from 2004 to 2014. Conclusions: The number of PNES cases identified steadily increased each year from 2004–2014 and the burden of PNES in the VA healthcare system has doubled during that decade. Study Supported by: This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Epilepsy Research Program under Award No. EP160049 (HA) as well as a Veteran Health Administration Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation Award CIN 12-118 & 13-047 (CB). Disclosure: Dr. Khan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Proops has nothing to disclose. Dr. Flaherty has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fenton has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pugh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cheung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goulet has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brandt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Altalib has nothing to disclose.


Rates of detritiation have been measured for seventeen tritiated phenylacetylenes, X·C6H4·CC·3H, and tritiated mesitylacetylene in a mixture of methanol (1 vol.) and an aqueous buffer solution (pH ∼ 8·05)(4 vol.) at 25°. For meta- and para-substituents the results correlate well with their Hammett sigma-constants (ρ= 0·77).The values of the activation energy and entropy have been determined for the compounds with X = H, m-Cl, and p-OMe, and show that the ease of the reaction is associated with a highly favourable entropy change. It is suggested that the entropy of activation, ca. 42 e.u., is numerically fairly close to the absolute entropy of solvation of the hydroxide ion in this medium.


The results of many-year investigations on the development of new improved lines-maintainer of sunflower pollen sterility on the basis of the breeding material of Plant Production Institute nd. A. V. Ya. Yuryev of UAAS are presented. The best practical outcomes have been achieved by means of chemical mutagenesis and intraspecific hybridization


Left invariant affine structures in a Lie group $G$ are in one-to-one correspondence with left-symmetric algebras over its Lie algebra $\mathfrak g=T_eG$ (``over'' means that the commutator $[x,y]=xy-yx$ coincides with the Lie bracket; left-symmetric algebras can be defined as Lie-admissible algebras such that the multiplication by left defines a representation of the underlying Lie algebra). An affine structure (and the corresponding left symmetric algebra) is complete if $G$ is affinely equivalent to $\mathfrak g$. By the main result of this paper, a complete left symmetric algebra admits a canonical decomposition: there is a Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak h$ such that the root subspaces for the representations $L$ (by left multiplications) and $\ad$ coincide. Then operators $L(x)$ and $\ad(x)$ have equal semisimple parts for all $x\in\mathfrak h$. This decomposition is unique. For simple complete left-symmetric algebras whose canonical decomposition consists of one dimensional spaces we define two types of graphs and prove some their properties. This makes possible to describe, for dimensions less or equal to 5, these graphs and algebras.


Corrosion under insulation is a major problem. When insulation becomes wet (because of poor installation practices, subsequent abuse or failure to specify good vapor barrier and waterproofing materials), it creates the potential for corrosive failure of the piping. 1 Whether pipes are above ground or buried, proper design and installation techniques can control corrosion.


We present a means of generating and understanding relative spatial positions in a natural three-dimensional scene, in terms of six spatial prepositions, left, right, in-front, behind, above, and below, using real stereo images. Our model has two layers. First, a symbolic spatial description of the scene independent of reference frames is computed. Then, in the second layer, the meaning of each of the six prepositions is deened with respect to the current reference frame, based on the description from the rst layer. The meaning deenitions of the prepositions in the given model can be used in two ways. They allow the system to judge the degree of fullllment of each of the six prepositions between two 3-D objects according to a graduated scale; and given the 3-D object description of one object, the admissible 2-D image region of the other object can be inferred. keywords: 3-D spatial modeling, image interpretation, generation and understanding of qualitative knowledge, generation of spatial prepositions from images, spatial prepositions for object localization.


Almost perfectly oriented heteroepitaxial diamond film was deposited on the (100)Si substrate by the carburization, bias‐enhanced nucleation, and growth process in a dense plasma using a bell‐jar‐type microwave‐plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system with an ASTeX 1.5 kW magnetron plasma source. This dense plasma was a prerequisite for the perfect orientation and was not obtained simply by increasing microwave power, but was obtained by introducing a graphite block between the substrate and the substrate holder. The plasma was concentrated over the substrate especially at the four corners with a thickness of several millimeters.


Bleach products containing hypochlorite are commonly used as disinfestants to eliminate non-fungal plant pathogens from production surfaces, tools, plant surfaces, irrigation water, and produce dump tanks. While bleach products are useful, their effectiveness has been reported to vary under specific settings. A meta-analysis was conducted using 86 studies to assess the overall efficacy of hypochlorite against plant pathogenic bacteria, oomycetes and viruses and to identify factors that explain differences in product efficacy. Hypochlorite resulted in a significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in either disease intensity or propagule viability with a mean Hedges' g standardized mean difference (g+ ) of 3.01, indicating that overall, hypochlorite treatments are highly effective. However, heterogeneity in g was significant (P < 0.0001) among studies, wherein 69.8% of the variance observed in g was attributed to true effects. Further, an estimate of between-study variability was moderate (τ2 = 1.46). Random effects (RE) meta-regression showed limited effects of moderator variables dose, contact time, targeted material of treatment and organism type on product efficacy when all organism types were considered together. Since subgroup was significantly higher (P = 0.0070) for oomycetes (g+ = 3.30) than for bacteria ( g+ = 2.19), subsequent meta-regressions were performed by organism type. For oomycetes, five RE meta-regression models, each containing two moderators and their interaction, resulted in significant (P = 0.05) effects, where models with dose and time, dose and genus, time and genus, dose and target and time and target accounted for up to 50%, 71%, 57%, 48% and 47%, respectively, of the variance in true effect sizes (R2) associated with g+. For viruses, only the RE meta-regression model containing time and target and their interaction resulted in significant (P = 0.0435) effects accounting for 38% of the variance in true effect sizes associated with g+. None of the RE meta-regression models for bacteria were significant, although they still accounted for up to 28% of the variance in true effect sizes associated with g+. These results show that although the current recommended rates for dose and contact time for commercial bleach products are generally expected to result in effective disinfestation, the efficacy against non-fungal plant pathogens is expected to be influenced by the organism type and target being treated with hypochlorite.


Relatively stable, highly purified preparations of the anthranilate synthetase-anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase aggregate have been obtained from Salmonella trgphimurium. A molecular weight of approximately 285,000 was estimated for the enzyme aggregate by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Anthranilate synthetase activity was completely inhibited by 10 pM tryptophan under appropriate conditions. Inhibition by tryptophan was competitive with chorismate and noncompetitive with glutamine and showed positive cooperativity. Anthranilate synthetase activity was almost completely insensitive to inhibition by tryptophan in the presence of 5.0 mM Mg2+, suggesting distinct substrate and inhibitor sites. Mg*+ was required for enzymatic activity. Inhibition of enzyme activity was obtained by low concentrations of anthranilate, indicating possible regulatory significance. This inhibition was partially overcome by excess Mgz+, suggesting that inhibition was due, at least in part, to interaction of anthranilate with the tryptophan regulatory site. Positive cooperativity obtained for anthranilate was similar to that obtained for tryptophan. In the presence of anthranilate or tryptophan positive cooperativity for chorismate was observed. For the NHo-dependent anthranilate synthetase activity of the anthranilate synthetase-anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase aggregate, negative cooperativity for NH3 was indicated by the shapes of plots of initial velocity against (NH&SO4 concentration and Lineweaver-Burk plots and the values for related kinetic constants. Initial velocity experiments were consistent with a sequential mechanism.


Coping with increasing demands on staff and time and the scrutiny of the Department of Health, the infection control team at Worcestershire Acute Trust reduced the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile by focusing on MRSA screening, environmental cleanliness and antibiotic stewardship. Set with a task of bringing all clinical and managerial staff together, the team got every directorate undertaking its own audit and root cause analysis. The appointment of a new MRSA screening clerk caused an increase in screening compliance to over 90%.


A grease composition for linear-motion guides which comprises a base oil and a thickener, wherein the base oil comprises at least 50 mass% ester oil, the thickener comprises a metal-free compound terminated by an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and is contained in an amount of 20 mass% or larger, and the composition has a worked penetration of 220 to 300. The grease composition has such excellent properties that it is reduced in dusting and production cost, contains no metallic ingredients, and gives no unsmooth feeling. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


Crystals of the chiral malic acid hydrate ( C4H6O5@H2O ) were unexpectedly obtained from an ethanol ethanol/water solution containing racemic D,L-malic acid and L-asparagine. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic space group P21 21 21 with cell dimensions of a=0.5576(1), b=0.9818(2), c=1.1793(2) nm, V=0.9455(2) nm3, Z=4, μ(Mo Kα) =0.152 mm-1, F(000) =320, Dc= 1.565 g@cm-3, R =0.051, wR =0.136 for 657 observed reflections [I>2σ(I)]. The significant difference in bond distances for carboxyl groups suggests that the crystal consist of malate anion and protonized crystalline water. This is a report for direct separation of racemic mixture, i.e., without the formation of a molecular complex of raceme with a chiral separating reagent.


Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical replacement (SAVR) for treating patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). The data on ao...


Foamed concrete has been used as a building material since the early 1920s. In the beginning, it was used as an insulation material with very low density. Since then there have been attempts to make this material more load-bearing and structural. In the present-day foamed concrete is being used in soil reinforcement, manufacturing of building blocks and other sorts of construction materials. [1] The aim of this article is to determine long-term properties and strength of foamed concrete specimens as well as compare the results between two differently sized foamed concrete specimens. The size of creep and shrinkage specimens were Ø46x190 mm and Ø75x180 mm. The creep properties of the specimens were determined by loading them with 20% of the ultimate stress value. [2] The compressive strength, creep and specific creep of specimens were determined as well as specimen size factor to creep deformations.


A numerical solution for the 2 + 1 (long-shore and onshore propagation directions and time) nonlinear shallow-water wave equations, without friction factors or artificial viscosity is presented. The models use a splitting method to generate two 1 + 1 propagation problems, one in the onshore and the other in long-shore direction. Both are solved in characteristic form using the method of characteristics. A shoreline algorithm is implemented, which is the generalization of the earlier 1 + 1 algorithm used in the code VTCS-2. The model is validated using large-scale laboratory data from solitary wave experiments attacking a conical island. The method is applied then to model the 1993 Okushiri, Japan, the 1994 Kuril Island, Russia, and the 1996 Chimbote, Peru tsunamis. It is found that the model can reproduce correctly overland flow and even extreme events such as the 30-m runup and the 20-m/s inundation velocities inferred during field surveys. The results suggest that bathymetric and topographic resolution ...


A 60-year-old man presented with bilateral blurry vision. Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral retinal vein dilation and tortuosity with retinal hemorrhages. Fluorescein angiography revealed retinal vein beading patterns with multiple aneurysmal changes and vessel wall staining.


Most part of Brazilian historiography intend to evidence how the static division refereed above reveals itself to be more complex.


In an attempt to address the lack of audio processing in web-based applications, various methods are explored for generating dynamic audio and real-time processing. After the logical platform is identified, a framework is theoretically and practically designed. The framework includes implementations that target the everyday web developer, as well as the digital signal processing programmer, in an effort to unite the two parties and infuse the next generation of rich Internet applications with audio processing technologies.


Introduction Commercially available corn rootworm insecticides are evaluated yearly for their ability to protect corn root systems from corn rootworm feeding injury. Three newly registered products, Cruiser and Poncho seed treatments (at the rootworm rate) and YieldGard Rootworm seed (transgenic seed containing a Bt protein), are included in the tests. 2003 data from tests conducted at the Crawfordsville, Sutherland, and Nashua farms are presented in this report.


Vanadyl complexes of C or N-capped tripodal ligands, possessing distorted tetrahedral geometry at vanadium, serve as extremely active, thermally robust pro-catalysts for ethylene homo- and ethylene/propylene copolymerisation, whereas pseudo-octahedral pro-catalysts produce far lower activities.


The utility model discloses a high-pressure pipeline bending device which comprises a workbench; a first idler wheel frame and a second idler wheel frame which are mutually in parallel are arranged on the workbench; the side surface of the first idler wheel frame is provided with at least two first idler wheels, and the side surface of the second idler wheel frame is provided with at least two second idler wheels; pipes are arranged between the first and the second idler wheels; and one end of each pipe is provided with a 'U'-shaped sleeve, and the 'U'-shaped sleeve is connected with a power unit. The high-pressure pipeline bending device has the advantages that the use is convenient, the manufacturing precision is easy to control, the planeness, the non-circularity, the inner side fold and the like of a finished product can be controlled within quite a small range, high-pressure bends with different bending angles can be manufactured on actual demand, the structure is simple and reasonable, the production efficiency is high, the industrial production is convenient, the manufacturing cost is low and the like.


[Purpose] This purpose of this study was to verify the effects on shoulder abduction ROM of Gong's mobilization applied to patients in the sitting position and in the side-lying position. [Subjects] This study recruited male and female adults whose shoulder abduction range of motion (ROM) was 120 degrees or less and separated them into Gong's Mobilization in the side-lying position group (side-lying group, n=20) and Gong's Mobilization in the sitting position group (sitting group, n=20). [Methods] Gong's mobilization was applied repetitively about 10–15 times on each individual in both the side-lying and sitting groups. A goniometer was used to measure the shoulder abduction ROM. [Results] In both the side-lying group and the sitting group shoulder abduction ROM increased, and the increase of ROM in the side-lying group was greater. [Conclusion] The treatment effect of Gong's mobilization applied to patients in the side-lying position was greater than that of Gong's mobilization applied to patients in the sitting position; thus, the sidelying position is the proper therapeutic position for Gong's mobilization for patients whose abduction hypomobility.


This article sketches the history of medical volunteerism in Africa from the early religious and colonial medical programs through current humanitarian programs, assessing the role of student volunteerism as well. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


Property, public and private refers both to (i) a normative relationship between agents and things, and (ii) the things that stand in that normative relationship to agents. In the paradigm case of property, an individual is related to some physical object by having an exclusive right to use that object as he chooses (i.e., it is the property of that agent to do with as he sees fit). In the paradigm case, the property holder's right of disposition is only subject to the constraint that he not dispose of his property in ways that violate others' rights. Many instances of property diverge in one or more respects from this basic paradigm. An agent's property need not be a physical object, but can instead be a more abstract. Distinct agents may have property in different aspects of the same thing; for example, one may have the usual land ownership rights, while another may hold the subsurface mineral rights. Distinct agents may jointly own particular things (e.g., "community" property). Is private property morally justified? The case discussed by Harold Demsetz and like narratives suggest a consequentialist vindication. But many have opposed private property regimes because they undercut communal or public life.

Keywords:

agent;
Harold Demsetz (on property rights);
consequentialism;
rights


Introduction & Scope of Paper This Oxford Round Table paper begins with an ethical presumption that human beings follow inherent desires and principles to develop the kind of character required to successfully exist within a moral society. Our duty as relational, communal creatures is to assist others, and especially our young, to establish and nurture ethical values that will insure the continuance of an acceptable moral order in society. This challenge is critically significant in light of the expanding convolution of contemporary ethical values in 21st century society. Participation in a religious tradition provides opportunity to positively assist adolescents in developing their moral value system. The focus of this paper will be on a document from the United States entitled Renewing The Vision, that presents a comprehensive framework for developmentally appropriate activities, programming, and moral development for adolescents between the ages of 14-18 years. It is the thesis of this paper that the eight components of this holistic framework effectively and deeply support the continued nurturing of ethical values in adolescents. This thesis is supported by a 1996 study of youth ministry program participants, New Directions In Youth Ministry, who identify that their participation in holistic youth ministry programming contributed significantly to their faith and their moral formation. In addition, the study also identified that these adolescents showed continued growth while they remained involved in youth programs. These are positive signs that participation in comprehensive and holistic programming makes a positive difference in their lives. (1) Before we discuss the Vision document, we will ground our comments in Natural Law, and briefly identify the ethical values that this paper identifies are developmentally significant during the adolescent years. Then, we will consider basic developmental needs of adolescents for moral formation and healthy integration of the individual into the social order. We will learn that humans are "hardwired" to connect with others. In our presentation of the Vision document, there will be a clear overview of each of the eight components, inclusive of a brief example of how the component can nurture ethical values in an adolescent. Next, a summary of the authentic voices of adolescents and their personal experiences will be presented to support the thesis that holistic, comprehensive youth ministry programming supports moral formation. Finally, the role of the adult community will be overviewed briefly to present its value in the continued building of the moral value system of adolescents. Natural Law & Ethical Values To Be Considered The natural law tradition delineates what a human being should be by identifying that moral laws defining human behavior are higher than any human laws. As human beings, we have natural capacities to reason and to be virtuous, and our character is "good" to the extent that we fulfill these capacities. Human collaboration about how we should live is what enables us to seek the common good, and create and sustain a good society. (2) In addition to this natural law approach to ethics, this paper also recognizes divine law within the Judeo-Christian religious tradition, and its accompanying tradition of moral formation and commitment to Aquinas' maxim of "Do good and avoid evil." Matt Malone, S.J. in a current issue of America magazine says ... within every human heart there is a voice exhorting us to avoid evil and to choose what is right, what is good ... We hear this voice as an absolute, unconditional moral imperative: 'You ought to do this good. You ought to avoid this evil.' In other words, it is a general, categorical, even primordial command. (3) It is not possible within the scope of this paper to consider all ethical values. …


The MPEG-21 standard forms a comprehensive multimedia framework covering the entire multimedia distribution chain. In particular, it provides a flexible approach to represent, process, and transact complex multimedia objects which are referred to as Digital Items (DIs). DIs can be quite generic, independent of the application domain, and can encompass a diversity of media resources and metadata. This flexibility has an impact on the level of interoperability between systems and applications, since not all the functionality needs to be implemented. Furthermore, additional semantic rules may be implemented through the processing of the Digital Item which is possibly driven by proprietary metadata. This jeopardizes interoperability and consequently raises barriers to the successful achievement of augmented and transparent use of multimedia resources. In this context, we have investigated and evaluated the interoperability at the semantic level of Digital Items throughout the automated production, delivery and consumption of complex multimedia resources in heterogeneous environments. This paper describes the studies conducted, the experiments performed, and the conclusions reached towards that goal.


The rate of protein synthesis in higher eukaryotes is largely regulated at the level of eIF2alpha phosphorylation by its kinases. A cellular glycoprotein, p67, protects eIF2alpha from phosphorylation. An enzyme, p67-deglycosylase, when active, removes the carbohydrate moieties from p67 and inactivates it. Subsequently, protein synthesis is inhibited. During mitosis the overall rate of protein synthesis sharply declines. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this inhibition of protein synthesis, we have examined the phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and the activity of p67. We find that the phosphorylation of eIF2alpha increases at the G2/M border of cycling U2-OS cells, and p67 is deglycosylated at the same period of the cell cycle. In addition, the level and the activity of p67-deglycosylase also increase at the G2/M boundary of cycling U2-OS cells. These results thus provide an important in vivo correlation between the increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and deglycosylation of p67 by p67-deglycosylase at the G2/M boundary of cycling U2-OS cells. This may explain in part the inhibition of protein synthesis in U2-OS cells approaching mitosis.


Hartree–Fock calculations show that the internuclear distance R or repulsive potential U for a mixed pair AB of noble‐gas atoms He, Ne, or Ar is very nearly the average of the same property for AA and BB, provided values for AA, BB, and AB are at the same repulsive force. For RAB greater than half the equilibrium internuclear distance the maximum errors in these combining rules are 2% for RAB and 3% for UAB. The maximum error in the predicted function UAB(R) is 8%. Force‐dependent dipole moment values for HeAr are predicted from moments for HeNe and NeAr with an accuracy of 6% or better. Consideration of force per unit area suggests why errors in RAB predictions are positive and are largest for HeAr. Nonoverlap of the interacting atoms is shown to be a nonessential feature of the distortion model on which the combining rules are based.


Brazil produces grafted citrus seedlings in closed screen houses to reduce pest and disease incidence. Irrigation is usually performed by hand using either breaker nozzles or drilled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe wands on garden hoses. Rootstocks are produced in cone-shaped containers filled with soilless potting mix. Since the containers have a small upper diameter, nutrient solution capture is reduced with the potential to cause environmental contamination from inefficient fertigation. This study provides a method to assess the efficiency of manual overhead irrigation systems used in liner production. The method consists of determining both the volume of water applied and volume lost (i.e., directly and by percolation) in order to obtain an estimate of the percentage of water loss, irrigation efficiency, and the drainage fraction. The method was tested in a commercial facility under standard production practices. The method's attributes included simplicity, quick sampling and data collection, and accuracy. The evaluated nursery was found to have low irrigation efficiency (27.14%) and excessive nutrient solution losses (72.86%). Considering an average production of 300,000 liners per year on 20,000 m2, we determined an annual solution loss of 221.8 m3 with an average environmental release of 158.9 kg of fertilizer. Therefore, more efficient irrigation systems are necessary for sustainable citrus rootstock liners production.


The authors identify computing elements and buses with the points and lines of projective geometry. In particular, the two-dimensional projective spaces, known as projective planes, are investigated. The use of projective planes in the design and analysis of a high performance multiple bus interconnection network is explored. It is shown how to construct a system from a projective plane and then use the theorems of projective geometry to construct a simple Markov chain to model the reliability and performance of the system. A comparison of a projective plane design with a similarly sized existing system shows it to have superior fault tolerance and performance measures.<<ETX>>


The temperature dependence of the coherent DC conductivity of an Ag quantum dot (QD) monolayer has been computed allowing for size fluctuations of the QDs as well as for packing disorder. The computation uses a scattering formalism with an electron exchange coupling for adjacent QDs. The strength of this coupling can be tuned by compression of the array, and the same coupling is used as previously determined from second harmonic generation spectroscopy of such monolayers. To agree with the experimental results, the computations center attention on the regime of not fully compressed arrays, when the exchange coupling does not fully mask the role of disorder. At very low disorder and/or at higher compressions, the computations show a phase transition to a fully delocalized conducting regime. At very low temperatures, the computed conductivity increases with temperature as exp(− 2(E0/kT)1/2). The characteristic energy E0 is found to be a measure of the effective coupling of next-nearest neighbors, suggesting...


In this paper, the Jacobi elliptic function method is generalized to study nonlinear coupled scalar field equation, and a lot of new analytic solutions of nonlinear coupled scalar field equation are obtained.


A three-dimensional memory manufacturing method comprising the steps of: a stacked structure of a first material layer and the second material layer is formed on the substrate; stack structure is etched to expose the substrate, forming a first plurality of vertical openings; in each section a filling layer is formed in the opening; around each of the first opening, the stacked structure is etched to expose the substrate, forming a second plurality of vertical openings; forming a vertical channel layer and each of the second openings a drain; selectively etching the filling layer is removed, re-exposing the first opening; partially or completely laterally etching the second material layer is removed, leaving a recess; forming a gate stack structure in the groove; each of an opening on the bottom substrate and / or form a common source. The method for producing three-dimensional memory in accordance with the present invention, the word line TCAT three deep trench deep etching device is replaced to accomplish the same function, improve the integration density, an etching process simplified stacked structure, retains the metal gate control performance.


ATM networking products are in widespread use today. This paper describes the implementation of real ATM networks and explains why ATM is well-suited to building scalable, multi-service backbone networks. It describes a typical corporate application of ATM, in combination with frame-based switching technology.


This paper reports a study of the optimal release of men's and women's new and old rule javelins involving modeling, simulation, optimization (including sensitivity analysis), and simulation evaluation. Because of the lack of repro-ducibility in earlier results of two-dimensional flight simulation research, the paper presents a continuation of the two-dimensional model used previously. As expected, each javelin was found to have a different optimal release for a given individual, and the optimal release varied with the thrower's nominal release speed. A limited degree of simulation evaluation was achieved by comparison of the model and simulation results with measured throws. Within the constraints of measurement error, this tended to support both the adequacy of the two-dimensional model and the results of the simulations for such high standard throws. However, further experimental studies to quantify the angle of yaw (sideslip) in measured wind conditions are recommended to assess any changes needed to ...


Wright Laboratory is evaluating a new vibration calibration technique that allows one person to perform end-to-end calibrations of a structural dynamics measurement system including mounted transducers, signal conditioning and recorder. This new technique uses an unsupported structural exciter(USE). This technique stimulates structural measurement transducers, inside of structures, with a measurable acceleration level. If a transducer is mounted on a test structure, it is difficult to stimulate the transducer with a known physical input. A person must hold the exciter or attach a conventional vibration shaker to a structure. Two persons are required to calibrate, one at the transducer holding the exciter and one at the measurement system. Now one person can calibrate. Laboratory engineers conducted an experiment to evaluate a commercial off-the-shelf vibration paging system consisting of a master control unit and 8 individual exciters(pagers) to excite accelerometers mounted on structures. An accelerometer on the front of the structure measured the vibration input. This paper discusses the instrumentation and a completely randomized block design experiment consisting of three 2-level experimental factors: structural material, structural thickness and excitation mode. A blocking factor was each of the 8 different exciters(pagers) serial numbers. For each of the 64 combinations, a technician used a spectrum analyzer to record and compute the output amplitude, fundamental frequency and transfer function between the two accelerometers. This paper presents results from the experiments and describes the new technique.


The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of the complex semantic structure of English verbs to compare them to those of the Korean language. When we look into the structure of an English verb, even though it has a single simplex appearance, we get to know that its internal semantic structure has both a vertical frame and a horizontal frame. The vertical frame shows that the semantic structure of an English verb is composed of the feature elements which turn up at the same time. Also, the horizontal frame reveals that an English verb has the structure with the concept of a time passing in it. On the other hand, a Korean verb doesn``t have these frames and the semantic features of a Korean verb appear in the utterance with a division into a few single verbs. Through these evidences, we can know that, in their meanings, an English verb has a semantically segmental structure, while a Korean verb has a morphologically segmental structure.


The ACE‐R is an accurate and brief cognitive battery for the detection of mild dementia, especially for the discrimination between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia. The aim of this study was to develop a new logarithm based on discriminative items of the ACE‐R combined with relevant demographic characteristics that may interfere on cognition.


Objective To explore the value of preoperative evaluation of multislice spiral CT(MSCT) in primary retroperitoneal tumor. Methods 26 cases of primary retroperitoneal tumor confirmed by surgery underwent preoperative MSCT and reconstruction techniques such as multiplanar reformat(MPR),Volume rendering(VR), Maximum intensity projection(MIP) etc were used. Imaging results were compared with the intraoperative and pathological results. Results Anatomic relationship of the tumor with adjacent organs and blood vessels could be clearly showed by a variety of MSCT post-processing techniques. Among all of 26 cases, invasive growth with incomplete capsules were seen in 9 cases, kidney compressed deformation and displacement of the kidney were seen in 5 cases; pancreas involved in 3 cases, duodenum intestinal wall involved in 3 cases, ureteral involved in 2 cases and large blood vessels involved in 6 cases. 26 patients were performed surgical resection. All of the tumor are single with the diameters were 4 cm~18 cm. During the operation, incomplete capsules were seen in 7 cases, adjacent organs or tissues involved in 9 cases, adjacent blood vessels involved in 5 cases. Compared with surgical results, sensitivity and speciality rate of preoperative MSCT evaluation for tumor's capsules, involvement of adjacent organ, involvement of adjacent blood vessels were 85% and 84%, 75% and 69%, and 83% and 90%, respectively. There were 15 cases of benign tumors and 11 cases of tumor-like lesions. The benign and malignant differentiation accuracy of MSCT was 74%. Conclusion Intraoperative results of anatomic relationship between tumor and adjacent organs, blood vessels were consistent with MSCT. It is helpful for preoperative evaluation and intraoperative guidance for retroperitoneal tumors with MSCT.


Static lateral load tests are carried out in the present study on model single pile and pile groups embedded in dry sand to investigate the effects of spacing, size of pile group and relative density of sand.This chapter discusses the results of experimental studies carried out on model piles in sand subjected to static lateral loads. The results are presented and analyzed in terms of load deflection behaviour.


Taking the drive system of the piercer carrige of Shangdong Yantai Steel Tube General Plant as an example, the co- authors introduce the design of the dual- motor driven transmission system, detailing the design principle of the said dual- motor drive type and the energy- saving benefit it brings about.


The paper provides research data on histamine content in fish and fish products purchased in a supermarket in Lithuania. The prevalence of histamine in the analyzed fish ranged from 5.00 mg kg to 240.78 mg kg, with mean value of 36.97±12 mg kg. Histamine levels in 16% analyzed salmon samples exceeded the limits defined in Regulation (EC) 2073/2005 (7). Such increase was influenced by seasonality: significantly higher histamine levels were found in fish after spawning than in those caught in the autumn and winter seasons. Histamine levels in salmon varied from 5.00 mg kgup to 240.78 mg kg, In herring, the levels of histamine ranged from from 5.00 mg kgup to 177.45 mg kg. Smaller quantities in a range of 5.00-102.50 mg kg were found in mackerel, although this fish belongs to the species with an abundant prevalence of histidine. The levels of determined histamine in fish products were significantly higher than in fresh fish, at p <0.05. The highest levels of histamine were detected in herring products, yet they varied from 6.09 mg kg to 177.45 mg kgalthough the mean value was 59.89±25 mg kg. Technological processing had impact on the accumulation of histamine in fish products. The smallest quantities of histamine were found in fermented fish products; slightly higher amounts, in salted dried fish, and the highest levels of histamine were determined in cold and hot smoked fish. In cold smoked escolar the level of histamine was 176.00 mg kg, as well as in hot-smoked mackerel – up to 128.01 mg kg. Considering the safety of fish products in relation to histamine content, herring products are the least safe as there were significantly higher levels of histamine found (p<0.05) in these products than in other analyzed products.


Sound output units (201A, 201B) output sound, respectively. A detection unit (202) detects whether or not there is pressing operation by a player to a plurality of objects to be operated. A sound volume change unit (203) changes the volume ratio of sound to be outputted from each of the sound output units (201A, 201B) according to an object to be operated, the pressing operation of which has been detected among the plurality of objects to be operated. For example, the sound volume change unit (203) relatively turns up the volume of the sound to be outputted from the sound output unit farther from the object to be operated, the pressing operation of which has been detected among the sound output units (201A, 201B).


The invention provides a moulding motor and an electric vehicle capable of improving stator heat dissipation. In the moulding motor (10), the height Alpha of an outer wall (13G) is lower than the height Beta of a moulding part (24).


BACKGROUND: Hypothesis tests are statistical tools widely used for assessing whether or not there is an association between two or more variables. These tests provide a probability of the type 1 error (p-value), which is used to accept or reject the null study hypothesis. OBJECTIVE: To provide a practical guide to help researchers carefully select the most appropriate procedure to answer the research question. We discuss the logic of hypothesis testing and present the prerequisites of each procedure based on practical examples. INTRODUCTION As shown in previous publications, every scientifi c study should begin with a clearly defi ned research question.


The latest technological developments contributed significantly towards modernization, at the same time increased the concern about the security issues. These technologies have hindered the effective analysis about the criminals. Application of data mining concepts proved to yield better results in this direction. In this paper, binary clustering and classification techniques have been used to analyze the criminal data. The crime data considered in this paper is from Andhra Pradesh police department this paper aims to potentially identify a criminal based on the witness/clue at the crime spot an auto correlation model is further used to ratify the criminal.


This study presents a morphological description of the central nervous system of the neotropical millipede Gymnostreptus olivaceusand the first report of an outer cell layer surrounding the nervous system in Diplopoda. The nervous system of this species consists of a brain formed by the fusion of proto-, deuto- and tritocerebrum, as well as a ventral nerve cord with metamerically arranged ganglia that extends through the entire length of the animal's body. The optic lobes, mushroom bodies and olfactory glomeruli of this species were located and described. As has been reported for other millipedes, the nervous system of G. olivaceuscomprises a cortical layer in which three types of neurons could be identified and an inner region of neuropil, both of which are wrapped and protected by a perineurium and a neural lamella. However, more externally to the neural lamella, there is a discontinuous and irregular outer cell sheath layer containing distinctive cells whose function appears to be linked to the nutrition and protection of neurons.


Data fusion technology has been widely used in many fields, but the existing data fusion system is faced with the test of the system scalability, real-time processing and fusion abundant dimension. This paper tries to design a data fusion system architecture which can be able to support massive data processing. This paper begins with an analysis of the data fusion system, the development status quo, key techniques and problems currently facing. Then, we make an analysis combined with the characteristics of big data about what the design principles should the new data fusion system follow. Finally, we focus on data access, data computing and data storage in three aspects to explain in detail the design of the system architecture.


The aim of this research is to show the influence of working conditions in the relationship between the appropriation of ICT and hospital performance in Cameroon. To achieve this goal, a field survey was conducted with a valid random sample of 479 workers from first and second category public hospitals in Cameroon. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and econometric analyzes. The results of inferential analyzes carried out by means of multiple linear regression show that working conditions in hospitals in Cameroon play a mediating role in the relationship between each of the two dimensions of ICT appropriation, which are perceived utility, perceived ease of use and hospital performance. These results, discussed from the perspective of Berbain and Minvielle (2001), Picard (2007), Venkatraman and Camillus (1984) and theorists of the school of human relations such as Emery and Trist (1968), Herzberg (1959) and Mayo (1949), suggest to managers of hospital structures to: ensure the adequacy between work and the physical and psychological capacities of human resources, take care of the quality of their relations with the hierarchy, ensure their comfort and physical security and finally, provide them with stimulating remuneration in order to optimize hospital performance Keywords: ICT appropriation, Perceived usefulness, Perceived usability, Working conditions, Hospital performance. DOI: 10.7176/IKM/10-3-06 Publication date: April 30 th 2020


A multiparty session forms a unit of structured interactions among many participants which follow a prescribed scenario specified as a global type signature. When a distributed protocol is engaged in two or more specifications simultaneously, each session following a distinct global type can be interleaved and can interfere at runtime (through the channel delegation operation). High-level session processes equipped with global signatures can be easily translated into low-level processes extracting the local communication details from the global specifications. Previous work on multiparty session types has ignored session interaction, providing only a limited progress property ensured only within a single session, by assuming non-interference among different sessions and by forbidding delegation. This paper develops, besides a more traditional, compositional communication type system, a novel static interaction type system for global progress in dynamically merged and interfered multiparty sessions. This avoids a global linearity-check without sacrificing the original expressivity. The interaction type system infers causalities of channels for the low level processes, ensuring the entire protocol, starting from the high-level processes which consist of multiple sessions, does not get stuck at intermediate sessions also in presence of delegation. The interaction type system is not, strictly speaking, deterministic since a same process can have (finitely many) different and incomparable typings but only the compatible ones can be considered in process composition. We will introduce a syntax directed deterministic inference procedure to check typability in the interaction type system. This inference procedure, formalised in natural semantics, can also be seen as a fully compositional version of the interaction type system.


Increasing the productivity of the photovoltaic panels is a major problem in recent developments. An existing operative solar panel is far from being optimized, because of the critical problems like weather changes, dust deposition and stains deposited over it. Weather changes are due to temperature, humidity, and cloudy atmosphere, dust deposition due to plants, traffic, air pollution and stains due to birds shit. Brief overview of different existing methods to boost the capacity of these panels is given in this paper. These available existing methods are: tracking system with panel, anti-reflecting coating for solar panels, dust cleaning by various methods and cooling of the panel.


Up to 1% of pregnant women undergo anaesthesia for surgery (e.g. appendicectomy) [1]. The US Food and Drug Administration warned that repeated or prolonged use of general anaesthesia in pregnant women may impair fetal neurodevelopmental outcomes [2, 3]. Recently, we reported the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children aged 2–18 y that had been prenatally exposed to anaesthesia for maternal surgery [4]. The primary outcome of this bidirectional cohort study was the t-score of the global executive composite of the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-GEC). In the entire study population (which included all modes of anaesthesia and all surgery types), there was no evidence for impaired neurodevelopment, with a weighted mean difference (wMD) (95%CI) for BRIEF-GEC of exposedminus unexposed children of 1.9 (-0.4 to 4.2). In contrast, exploratory analyses showed significant impairments in the subgroups of children prenatally exposed to general anaesthesia, wMD 3.1 (0.7 to 5.5); intra-abdominal surgery, wMD 4.3 (1.4 to 7.2); prolonged anaesthesia (>1 h), wMD 3.7 (0.7 to 6.7) and laparoscopic surgery, wMD4.5 (1.0 to 7.9). Except for experts in the field, these effect sizes, as represented by wMD, may be considered to have limited clinical utility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare and contextualise the effect sizes of prenatal anaesthesia exposure with those of other risk factors and conditions potentially affecting neurodevelopment. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched systematically to identify all studies reporting BRIEF-GEC effect sizes (online Supporting Information Appendix S1). After deduplication, screening for eligible articles (title, abstract and full text) was done independently by two authors (TB and JB) using Rayyan. Eligible studies reported the BRIEF-GEC of children exposed to a potential risk factor, or suffering from a condition potentially affecting neurodevelopment, vs. children not exposed to this risk factor or absence of the condition (online Supporting Information Appendix S2 and Fig. 1). Data were extracted using a standardised table. The (adjusted) mean differences of BRIEF-GEC of the risk factors/conditions and prenatal anaesthesia exposure were displayed graphically. In all, 24 studies and 33 risk factors/conditions were included. The effect size of prenatal exposure to anaesthesia, reported as the primary outcome in our previous study [4], is comparable to the effect of a child spending ≥ 2 h per day in front of a screen (tablet, computer, television), or of maternal paracetamol intake (≥ 15 times) during pregnancy, or of > 2 h weekend catch-up sleep of a child (Fig. 1). The neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to general anaesthesia, prolonged anaesthesia, intraabdominal surgery and laparoscopic surgery (exploratory outcomes in our previous study) were comparable with the effects of prenatal exposure to pesticides, a silent cerebral infarct in the child, < 9 h sleep per day, more green vegetation in the natural environment during childhood and a very low birthweight of the child. Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal anaesthesia exposure were smaller than the effects of maternal opioid maintenance therapy during pregnancy, traumatic brain injury, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. In our previous study [4], 90% of exposed children were exposed prenatally a single time to an average duration of 91 min of anaesthesia for maternal surgery. The magnitude of these neurodevelopmental effects is comparable with those associated with factors frequently encountered during pregnancy and childhood in any child. We previously reported that in the general population, the neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to anaesthesia were comparable to the effects caused by the parents ́ university level, maternal age and ownership of the family residence. Similarly, it has been reported that the neurodevelopmental effects of postnatal anaesthesia are smaller than the effects associated with the gender of the child, birth month, maternal education level and intelligence, prematurity and smoking during pregnancy [5, 6]. In the subgroups of general anaesthesia, prolonged anaesthesia, intra-abdominal surgery and laparoscopic surgery, we reported statistically significant effect sizes


The Catch Blocks are placed on the sidewalk in order to inform the visually disabled circumstance or to guide them to the nearby buildings. The Catch Blocks might be barriers for not only non-users but also users, because of the unevenness on the surface of tactile warning blocks which compose the Catch Blocks. In this study, the authors used "Flat Escorting Line; FEL" which has flat surface and can inform the visually disabled circumstance with tactile information and sound from elasticity material, and inspected validity of using FEL as the Catch Block with walking experiment, comparing FEL with the tactile warning blocks.


Equations and tables are given to estimate total tree board foot and cubic foot volume
 for eight major California conifer species. Using taper equations developed in another
 study, log dimensions were estimated for the trees used in the stem taper study; then
 coefficients for whole-tree volume equations were fitted to the resulting set. This
 produced Scribner and International ¼-inch board volume, and cubic volume equations
 for the eight important commercial conifer species in California. For board-foot volumes,
 separate equations are given for both total and merchantable heights to various merchantable
 tops.


A monthly investigation for one year revealed a distinct annual periodicity both of spore discharge and of percentage of spore germination with peaks generally occurring during the period October to January inclusive. Massive sporulation is not invariably associated with high percentage germination values. There are a number of reports on aspects of the periodicity of ascospore discharge and germination in lichens; however, there has been a tendency to attribute very low survival values to such propagules and to focus attention on soredia. Bailey and 11 thank Professor G. F. Asprey for guidance in the preparation of this paper and Mr. I. J. Hodgkiss for supplying analyses of local meteorological data. I am indebted to the Nuffield Trust and the Department of Social and Occupational Medicine for a Research Fellowship. 2Department of Botany, University College, Cardiff, Wales, U.K. Present address: Department of Applied Biology, Bromley College of Technology, Bromley, Kent, England. This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Sat, 10 Sep 2016 06:00:26 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1969] PYATT: SPORE DISCHARGE AND GERMINATION IN LICHENS 49 TABLE 1. Ascospore germination in lichens showing the average percentage values obtained each month. The petri dishes were maintained on the roof of the laboratory and subjected to the natural light/dark and temperature alternations. Months are indicated at the top of the table by initials. The numbers refer to the percentage germination after 10 days. N refers to the abscence of ascocarps and a dash (-) to the absence of spore discharge. Months: J F M A M J J A S O N D Lecanora conizaeoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Pertusaria pertusa 60 2 5 0 2 2 0 26 40 Xanthoria parietina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 Caloplaca heppiana 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 9 15 20 15 Toninia coeruleonigricans 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Buellia canescens N N N N N N N 5 10 30 30 20 Garrett (1968) pointed out that Lecanora conizaeoides tends to discharge spores more readily at low temperatures, an observation that would agree with the suggestion of Werner (1927) that winter and early spring are periods of maximum discharge in Xanthoria parietina. They also indicate that apothecia of Lecanora conizaeoides are capable of discharging spores during any month. Scott (1959), who examined Peltigera praetextata, made a similar observation and pointed out that spore discharge is effected by the moistening of the apothecia by rain, dew, and mist. "In temperate regions the annual incidence of these three methods of precipitation will, it is thought, result in a maximum activity of spore discharge, by lichens having continuous spore production, during spring and autumn." Verseghy (1965), in a paper on the effect of dry periods on the spore production of lichens, stated that "the amount of precipitation, in some vegetation periods, undoubtedly influences the spore production of lichens. In dry years, the asci are sterile in both spring and autumn, but dewy and frosty nights positively influence this unfavorable effect. In rainy years, the spore production is intensive in autumn, too." Des Abbayes (1951) concludes that in western Europe sporulation is most favored in the spring, a notion not supported by the results presented below. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material of various lichen species was collected each month from June 1967 to May 1968 from the Llandovery region of Carmarthenshire; the eastern end of Port Talbot, Glamorganshire; and Penarth, Glamorganshire. The plants were collected once a month, during a dry afternoon, and the following morning placed on filter paper in petri dishes with 5 cc of water. Portions of thalli, attached to their natural substrate, 1.5 cm2 in size and bearing ascocarps judged by eye to be comparable in each species were used. The discharged spores were caught on horizontally suspended microscope slides 5 mm above the thalli. The material was maintained under natural conditions for the duration of the experiment. The slides were examined after three days to assess the number of spores discharged (Table 2) and after a further seven days to assess the percentage spore germination (Fig. 2, Table 1). All the experiments were carried out in triplicate and the results presented below are all average values. In material which did not liberate spores, hand sections of the ascocarps were cut, stained in lactophenol/cotton blue, and examined to determine whether asci and spores were present. Portions of of thalli, bearing ascocarps, were also subjected to temperatures of 6o and 20?C for 7 days in continuous darkness (Table 3). This content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Sat, 10 Sep 2016 06:00:26 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 50 THE BRYOLOGIST [Volume 72 TABLE 2. Spore discharge in lichens subjected to the same conditions as noted in Table 1. The letters designate sporulation, i.e., R = 0-50, L = 50-200, M = 200-1,000, and P = 1,000 or more spores discharged. N refers to the absence of ascocarps, and a dash (-) to the absence of sporulation. Months: J F M A M J J A S O N D Lecanora campestris P P L L L L L L M P P P Lecanora conizaeoides R R L L L L M M M P M M Lecanora atra P P M M L L M M M P P P Lecidea limitata P P L M M L L L M P P P Lecidea macrocarpa P P P P P M M M M P P P Baeomyces rufus M M M M M M P M Ochrolechia parella P P L M L M P P P Pertusaria pertusa P L M M L M P P P Xanthoria parietina P P L L M M M M M P P P Caloplaca heppiana P Ml L L L M M M M M P P Toninia coeruleonigricans P L M M P P M M M M P P Buellia canescens N N N N N N N L M P P P Graphis sp. P P L M L M P M L M P P RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Lecanora campestris (Fig. 2, Tab. 2). Prolific spore discharge occurs from October to February, which is also the time when high percentage germination occursmaximum values of 30% occurred in October, December, and January. During March to August spore discharge is limited and no germination, in each ten-day period, was observed during June and July. Lecanora conizaeoides (Tab. 1-2). Spore discharge is maximum from September to November with a brief peak during October. Spore germination (within the tenday period) was observed only in December. Lecanora atra (Fig. 2, Tab. 2-3). The pattern here resembles that in L. campestris in that prolific discharge occurs from October to February; during this period the peak values of germination are 40%. It is only after spore discharge has dropped somewhat, in March, that spore germination reaches a peak of 45%. During spring the amount of spore discharge and spore germination falls until in June low discharge and no germination occurs; both values begin to increase regularly in July. Spore discharge in this species is restricted (Tab. 3) by both extremes of temperature (60 and 200C); however, while there is no germination at 60, there is 4% germination at 200; this cannot be correlated with any expected pattern of spore discharge. Lecidea limitata (Fig. 2, Tab. 2). Again both prolific discharge and the highest figures for percentage viability are confined to October to February. During March to August spore discharge is mostly low and no germination occurs. Lecidea macrocarpa (Fig. 2, Tab. 2-3). This species has a prolonged period of prolific spore discharge lasting from October to May. Spore germination values are high and reach 100% during November. However, even so, spore germination falls off from November to May. During June to September, spore discharge is moderate and spore germination increases from zero in June to 70% in September. Baeomyces rufus (Fig. 2, Tab. 2-3). As illustrated this species is rather variable. Prolific spore discharge only occurs during November and the highest germination This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Sat, 10 Sep 2016 06:00:26 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1969] PYATT: SPORE DISCHARGE AND GERMINATION IN LICHENS 51 TABLE 3. The effect of temperature on spore discharge and germination. The thalli were maintained in continuous darkness for the duration of the experiment. The nature of the sporulation is designated as in Table 2; the numbers refer to the percentage germination after 7 days.


The effect of marking techniques on the development of tilapia juveniles, Oreochromis niloticus L. (Cichlidae) and their efficiency were evaluated. By means of a n. 9 needle, a flexible synthetic string (0.20mm) containing synthetic colored beads was fixed on the fish muscle in three positions: anterior part of the dorsal fin (D), insertion muscle of the dorsal (C) and ventral (V) fins. One hundred and twenty specimens, weight 11.5g and length 8.2cm, were marked and distributed into two net tanks, with stocking density of 30 fish.m-3. Sixty fish were stocked in each tank (three groups marked D, C and V, and one control group with no mark at all, SM), with 15 specimens per treatment. Results show that after 60 days C position was the most efficient; 5 specimens lost D marking, 2 lost C marking and 3 V marking, in each tank. Mean performance rates ranged from 40.8 to 55.7g; highest rates were those from marked ones (p<0.05). There was no difference in rates within the four groups for SM and D juveniles. Since marking technique did not cause any negative effect on the development of juveniles, it may be recommended for use.


Relevant plasma physics principles of thermonuclear research; the state of plasma physics as it pertains to the D-He(3) cycle; the technological benefits of the D-He(3) fuel cycle; the availability of He(3); and its location, methods of extraction and cost are discussed. A perspective on the rate of progress toward the goal of heating the confined plasma fuel to sufficiently high temperatures at high enough densities and for long enough times to cause substantial fusion of the atoms to take place is given in graphical form. The main technological advantages resulting from the D-He(3) fuel cycle, when compared with the DT cycle, are as follows: (1) increased electrical conversion efficiency; (2) reduced radiation damage to reactors; (3) reduced radioactive waste; (4) an increased level of safety in case of an accident; (5) the lower cost of electricity; and (6) the shorter time to commercialization. An account is given of mining He(3) on the Moon.


Introduction: Acute scrotum is a wide term that is used for cases that presenting with scrotal swelling and pain. Etiology can be infectious or strangulation from torsion of the testis, depending on its clinical diagnosis, requires surgical intervention or medical treatment .Aim of study : Aim of this study was to determine the rate of accuracy of the Echo Doppler scanning in the diagnosis of the testicular torsion. Considering that there are different protocols in diagnosis, some suggest surgical exploration, while some Hospitals report 100% accuracy in diagnosis of testicular torsion with Doppler ultrasound. Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 4 year period, from 2011-2014, during this time all the patients that were admitted as acute scrotum where evaluated excluding the cases that were incarcerated hernias. In all admitted patients, physical examination, lab analysis and Echo Doppler study were performed. Results: In total, there were 83 patients, based on physical examination, lab and Echo Doppler scan, 50 cases were diagnosed as epididymo-orchititis, 21 cases were patients with testicular torsion and 12 cases were torqued hydatid of Morgagni. In 3 patients false positive blood circulation in affected testis was detected with Echo Doppler scan. In following days they were operated and gangrene of testis was found. Discussion: Complete absence of intratesticular blood flow and normal extratesticular blood flow on color Doppler images is diagnostic, if the flow is normal in the contra lateral testis. Color Doppler has a very high accuracy in detecting the obstacles in blood flow, but as with other diagnostic techniques, this should be not taken as granted. Conclusion: Testicular torsion is real urological emergency. Delay in diagnosis and management can lead to the loss of the testis. If there any doubts are present, urgent surgical exploration is indicated. Keywords: Testicular torsion, acute scrotum, echo Doppler, diagnostic techniques, management


Discovery of peptide ligands that can target human ovarian cancer and deliver chemotherapeutics offers new opportunity for cancer therapy. The advent of phage‐displayed peptide library facilitated the screening of such peptides. In vivo screening that set in a microanatomic and functional context was applied in our study, and a novel peptide WSGPGVWGASVK targeting ovarian cancer was isolated. The phage clone PC3‐1 displaying peptide WSGPGVWGASVK can gain effective access to accumulate in the tumor sites after intravenous injection while reducing its accumulation in normal organs. Positive immunostaining of PC3‐1 was located in both sites of tumor cells and tumor blood vessels, which resulted in a diffuse binding pattern through the tumor. In vitro study results confirmed the capability of peptide WSGPGVWGASVK binding to and being internalized by both tumor cells and angiogenic endothelial cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the peptide bound to SKOV3 cells with Kd value of 5.43 ± 0.4 μM. Taken together, it suggested that peptide WSGPGVWGASVK is a lead candidate for delivering therapeutics to penetrate into tumors. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The paper discussed the current situation of the China's iron and steel logistics industry,summarizes the classification,characteristic,and analyses some problems and make some useful conclusion about China logistics industry.


The neo-Kraepelin framework (NKF) dominated psychiatric practice and research for almost 50 years. In this editorial, we briefly review the historical context in which the NKF emerged and reflect on its current implications for clinical practice and research. We conclude with some reflections on how this framework is adapting to the mechanical philosophy of biology that emerged at the turn of the 21st century


We study transport in the boundary-driven XX spin chain with onsite disorder and randomly positioned onsite dephasing, observing a transition from diffusive to subdiffusive spin transport below a critical density of sites with dephasing. We then present an exactly solvable semiclassical model of conductors and insulators, which exhibits both diffusive and subdiffusive phases, and qualitatively reproduces the results of the quantum system. The subdiffusion in these models is a consequence of rare insulating regions, and they therefore exhibit, in a more controlled setup, the physics of "Griffiths effects" which have been conjectured to cause the subdiffusive transport observed in interacting many-body localizable systems. For the quantum model we show that finite-size effects come from the interplay of three characteristic lengths: one associated with disorder (the localization length), one with dephasing, and the third with the percolation problem defining large, rare, insulating regions. The latter grows logarithmically with system size, and we conjecture that this may be the reason why the heavy-tailed distributions typical of Griffiths effects have not been observed in subdiffusive interacting systems.


Increasing the fuel efficiency of a vehicle is one of the main considerations in automotive field, which in turn, is directly influenced by the weight of the vehicle. Magnesium alloys and composites are the lightest structural materials which can be used extensively in automotive industries. Magnesium metal matrix composites can be processed using both ex-situ and in-situ techniques. However, it has been noted that the in-situ method of processing results in improved grain structure, mechanical properties and wear properties for the final metal matrix composites [1, 2]. Magnesium alloys containing Mg2Si particles seem to show high melting temperatures, low density, high hardness, low thermal expansion coefficients and reasonably high elastic moduli. Uniform morphology of Mg2Si particles is difficult to obtain and moreover the size of these particles are larger in nature [3]. This can lead to poor mechanical properties for the composite. Modification is found to be a simple and effective technique for improving the morphology and size of Mg2Si particles in Mg–Al alloys [4]. Modification of Mg2Si can be also done by adding additives such as P, Li, Na, KBF4, Ca, La [5–8] etc. Bismuth is found to be one of the suitable additives that can be used for the modification of Mg2Si particles. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Bi modification on the Mg2Si phase in Mg–Al alloy. Based on these results, the hardness and dry sliding wear behavior of composites with different amounts of Bi were investigated.


Landforms and deposits in the lower Philorth valley near Fraserburgh, are examined. The valley floor is extensively occupied by peat, within which colluvial, fluvial, and estuarine deposits occur. Pollen analysis is employed to establish a vegetational context within which the deposits accumulated and 14C dating is used to measure their age more closely. It is concluded that at least two episodes of marine transgression occurred during the middle Flandrian in the valley. These results are discussed in a wider context.