Ireland and the Islands. • We exist to safeguard the health and wellbeing of the public. • We set the standards of education, training and conduct that nurses and midwives need to deliver high quality healthcare consistently throughout their careers. • We ensure that nurses and midwives keep their skills and knowledge up to date and uphold the standards of their professional code. • We ensure that midwives are safe to practise by setting rules for their practice and supervision. • We have fair processes to investigate allegations made against nurses and midwives who may not have followed the code.


This paper examines Guidelines for National Unification, the official English translation of「國家統一綱領」, in the light of grammar and rhetoric. Its critical reading of the work's first 142 words, from title through introductory paragraph, ends in the finding of as many as fifteen faults. They include not only mistranslations but also gross errors in grammar and diction. This paper then examines the other parts of the translation, giving examples that are illustrative of the poor quality of the entire work. In view of the sheer number of the faults-many of them very serious-it would be practically impossible, this paper concludes, to revise the translation without in effect retranslating it.


At Erasmus School of Economics about 40% of the students in the bachelor program Economics and Business drop out in the first academic year. We examined whether it is feasible (a) to identify on the basis of their participation and achievement in the first 2 (out of 10) examinations students who drop out in the first year, and (b) to characterize these students by motivational aspects. Of all students who started the bachelor program Economics and Business between 2007 and 2009 (n = 1576) the results on the first 2 (out of 10) exams in the first year were collected. Students were divided into subgroups based on their participation and performance on these exams. For each subgroup the percentage of first-year dropout was determined. Subgroups were compared on motivational aspects. Both students who did not participate in the first 2 exams and students who did not pass at least 1 of these exams had a very high probability of dropping out in the first year. Moreover, these students had the lowest intrinsic motivation at the start of their studies. Based on these observations we conclude that early identification and characterization of students who drop out in the first year is feasible.


With the country's implementation of smart mines, Internet technology has been well integrated into the mine disaster prevention system. In order to improve the accuracy and timeliness of mine monitoring data, each mine has established a mine data monitoring system suitable for its situation. As the most important part of the monitoring software, the data monitoring module needs to be able to dynamically meet the various needs of users. This article mainly introduces the tools that use the component technology to package the data monitoring module into a toolbox. The user calls the dynamic link library through reflection technology to implement various functions in the toolbox, and implements the toolbox controls and data monitoring software developed by third-party platforms Organic combination. Solved the poor scalability of monitoring software, Problems requiring frequent software replacement for customers after system update. This method has proved its good flexibility and timeliness in a hydrological monitoring system.


We describe an approach to teaching probability theory for beginners: the use of linear modeling in problems of decisions with random results. The basic notion is that of the expected value of random variables; the probability of an event is derived therefrom.


Two studies investigated technical aspects of a computer-mediated test, the Computerized Oral proficiency Instrument (COPI), particularly in contrast to a similar tape-mediated test, the Simulated Oral proficiency Interview (SOPI). The first study investigated how examinees used self-assessment to choose an appropriate starting level on the COPI. The second study looked at examinees' planning and response time on the COPI, and the factors that affected their use of time. Fifty-five university students took the COPI and SOPI in one of three languages: Arabic, Chinese, or Spanish. Results show that the majority of examinees (92%) were able to use the self-assessment instrument to select test tasks at appropriate difficulty levels. However, the COPI starting level (which was based on examinees' self-assessment) might have been problematic for a small proportion (8%) of the examinees who appeared to choose tasks that were too difficult for them. As for planning and response time on the COPI, different amounts of time were used across four main levels of proficiency. Examinees with the highest proficiency levels tended to use less planning time but gave longer responses.


Extreme precipitation events can lead to severe mountain hazards, and they have therefore received widespread attention. The study of extreme precipitation can be hindered by the insufficient number and uneven distribution of rain gauge stations, especially in mountainous areas with complex terrain. In this study, the daily precipitation data of three gridded precipitation products (Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM, IMERG; Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation, MSWEP; and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) were compared with rain gauge observations at 62 ground stations from 2001 to 2016 over the Hengduan Mountain region in China. Deviations between the gridded and ground precipitation datasets were compared using four daily heavy rainfall sequences. Various extreme precipitation indices were used to evaluate the performance of selected precipitation products. The results show that IMERG and TRMM are better than MSWEP in characterizing extreme precipitation. The accuracy of these three products in detecting heavy precipitation varied with altitude gradient. All products provided more accurate estimates of heavy precipitation in higher-altitude areas than in lower-altitude areas. Notably, they are more applicable for heavy precipitation detection in subalpine or alpine regions, and there are still uncertainties in capturing the accurate characterization of extreme precipitation at low (<1000 m) altitudes in the Hengduan Mountain region. These precipitation products should be used with caution in future applications when analyzing extreme precipitation at low elevations.


In this article, the author explains how the Metropolitan Planning Commission (MPC) of Savannah, Georgia developed a context-sensitive design for the historic city in the face of increasing traffic and clogged roadways. The MPC turned to a community planning and design firm to develop a design that recognizes the city's historic canopy trees, preserves Savannah's character in any transportation project, and develop a transportation plan that would slow traffic, and allow provisions for bicycles, pedestrians and landscaping. Effective communication was key, and included focus groups and workshops and forums.


One of the problems which must be taken into full consideration in interpretation teaching is how to bear in mind for a moment what has been heard.Based on the analysis of memory and its various characteristics,this paper probes into the major approaches of expanding memory span and improving memory ability and the effect of memorizing temporarily what has been heard.Conclusions are reached that memory is closely related to a variety of factors and sufficient attention to them claims to be the necessary precondition for improving the effect of interpretation teaching and students' interpreting ability.


Abstract. In this study, we address a time-series analysis method for human motion analysis based on the symbolization of sensor data. In our approach, the time series of the periodical signals are expressed by dynamical systems having attractors, which symbolize the time series in state space. This paper discusses the methodology for the application of our approach to actual motion data for the clarification of any issues that may occur. To achieve this purpose, we use human walking data as actual motion data for detecting individual characteristics in motion. The results suggest that symbol space designed by our approach can be used to discriminate individual characteristics in walking motion.


A technique is presented to construct a muniscale representation of planar contours based on the multiwavelet transform (MWT). To generate this multiwavelet description, a partial 1-D discrete multiwavelet transform (DMWT) is applied to the vertical and horizontal components of a length-parametrized planar curve. This muniscale representation descomposes the curve into different levels of resolution and allows to reconstruct it to a desired degree of aproximation. A comparison between the multiwavelet, wavelet and the elliptic fourier transform (EFT) is presented. The results show that typical objects are well represented by a small number of multiwavelet coefficients allowing for a compact object shape representation.


Cabbage is one of the most popular winter vegetables grown in India (Cabbage FarmingAgro Farming). Pieris brassicae Linn. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is one of the major constraints in commercial cultivation of the crop in hill and plain areas of Uttarakhand and also it is reported in some parts of East Uttar Pradesh. Different control measures are recommended to control this pest among which chemical control is also important. Many researches applied different chemical and biological insecticides for the management of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.). Deshmukh and Adarsh studied the toxicity of commercial grade insecticides against larvae of Pieris brassicae. Among which, carbofuran proved to be the most toxic at LC50 and LC95 levels, while the other insecticides differed in their order of toxicity at the two levels. Szwejda conducted a field and laboratory studies for two years and reported that, all tested pesticides at 0.05% a.i. gave good control of Pieris brassicae.Varma reported that four different preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis were tested, each at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/litre, against larvae of Pieris brassicae (L.) on cauliflower leaves in petri dishes. Treated leaves were replaced with untreated ones after 48h, and mortality counts were made 2-6 days after offering the treated leaves. All the bacterial preparations and concentrations were significantly superior to control treatment and gave 100% mortality at six days after treatment. Tatchell and Payne tested a purified granulosis virus isolated from Pieris brassicae against Artogeia rapae (L.). Within 10 days of a spray application of the virus, there was a significant reduction in the mean larval population in all the treated plots as compared with untreated plots.


Researchers have incorporated CdS nanowires into polymer structures that control their performance. Designs include a nanowire and a 1-0 photonic crystal with engineered defects (A) and a nanowire and a "racetrack" microresonator (B). Micrographs show a nanowire and photonic crystal (C) and a nanowire and microresonator (D). Images courtesy of Carl J. Barrelet, Harvard University. A To advance the development of ultrasmall nanowire-based photonic devices. a research team at Harvard University in Cambridge. Mass .. has incorporated single CdS nanowires into lithographically defined photonic crystal and "racetrack" microresonator polymer structures. The structures enable localized emission from engineered defects and resonant recirculation. respectively. The investigators note that rapid progress has been made in demonstrating that semiconductor nanowires can be employed to produce nanophotonic devices such as LEDs. lasers and electro~optic modulators. A particular challenge facing the integration of these devices to create systems such as photonic integrated circuits. however. involves difficulties coupling light into and out of single nanowires. The scientists thus turned to photonic crystals and microcavities. They first sandwiched a CdS nanowire in between 200-nm-thick layers of polymethyl methacrylate on a low-index substrate. They used electron-beam lithography to define patterns in the polymer layers that they had designed employing finite-difference time-domain simulations. and then


The effect of the ideal gas law assumption on auto-ignition and NOx-formation in a rapid compression machine is studied. For both processes the simulations are compared to a reference simulation using a Redlich-Kwong equation-of-state based on the critical properties of all constituents. Auto-ignition is studied for several n-heptane/air mixtures and the results show that the ideal gas assumption can impose large deviations. However, only marginal differences (< 7%) appear if the pressure history is used. A simplified theory is presented that explains these observations. For the case of NOx-formation similar observations can be made. Large deviations from the full simulation occur for the case of a prescribed pressure and volume history (≈ 100%). This, however, is mainly due to the fact that in engine like applications NOx concentrations never reach their equilibrium value. Equilibrium values only differ by a maximum of 20%.


Most environments are characterized with the problem of waste disposal and management. The effect of waste collection method on the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has been a challenge. Efforts had been intensified to reduce MSDs of workers through various ergonomic studies. The objective of this work is to undertake an ergonomic analysis of workers' postures in waste collection job. Twenty five (15) employees of the parking and collection department of Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) participated in the study. Their activities were video recorded while working and their postures was analyzed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) sheet. Nordic questionnaire was also administered on the workers to obtain information on whether they experienced pain on any part of the body and the part of the body that the pain was experienced. The REBA action level classified postures into five levels as negligible risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk and very high risk of MSDs. Result showed that none of the workers were in the negligible risk, and low risk levels of MSDs. Further results showed that 6.66% were at medium risk; 26.7% were at high risk and 66.7% were at very high risk for the workers in the waste industry. The questionnaire revealed that 52% of the workers in both waste companies had pain in their neck and lower back during the last 12 months with the lower back being the most painful part in the body; 69.6% of them had wrist/hand pain; 65.2% had upper back pain which was the most painful part in the body during the last 7 days. It can be concluded that workers in waste collection job are subjected to MSDs as a result of the postures adopted while working.


AIM: To observe the effect of binding on the mechanical characteristics of bursting pressure and tensile strength after laser vascular anastomosis with binding. METHODS: 32 rabbits' right arteries were anastomosed by laser with binding and,the left arteries were welded by laser as the control. 1d,3d,7d,and 14d, after the operation, the differences in vascular bursting pressure and tensile strength between laser with binding and laser welding were observed. RESULTS: The vascular bursting pressure and tensile strength of laser anastomosis with binding were much higher than those of laser welding within the 7 days after the operation. CONCLUSION: The laser vascular anastomosis with binding can significantly enhance the mechanical characteristics of bursting pressure and tensile strength after laser vascular anastomosis.


Subsolidus phase relationships in the systems &-Al-O-N (where Re = Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm) were determined. A family of lanthanum aluminium oxynitrides, ReAl,,O,sN, with magnetoplumbite structure occurs, where the rare earth elements have large ionic radii ranging from La to Eu. The lattice parameters of these compounds were determined, and the results indicated that all these compounds have nearly the same value of a = 5.564 A, c = 22.00 A, and c/a = 3.96 A. o 1991 Academic PKSS. 1"~.


Background: Autoimmunity is a key player in nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV). Interleukin-9 (IL-9) and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) are pleiotropic cytokines that are involved in many chronic autoimmune diseases. Objectives: To measure IL-9 and TWEAK in serum and suction blister fluid of NSV patients and study their relation to vitiligo. Methods: Thirty NSV patients and thirty controls were recruited. Following detailed history and clinical examination, the vitiligo area scoring index (VASI) and the vitiligo disease activity score (VIDA) of the patients were calculated. IL-9 and TWEAK were measured in serum of patients and controls and in suction blister fluid of patients. Results: Serum levels of IL-9 and TWEAK were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, in patients, IL-9 and TWEAK were significantly higher in serum than in blister fluid (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation of serum IL-9 (P < 0.001) and serum TWEAK (P < 0.001) with VASI was detected. A significant positive correlation between serum IL-9 and TWEAK in patients was also detected (P < 0.001). Blister fluid levels of both cytokines showed no significant correlation with any of the studied parameters. Conclusion: The elevated serum IL-9 and TWEAK in NSV possibly contributes to disease development and influences disease severity. Exploring their potential as possible therapeutic targets is, therefore, recommended.


Background: Neuroaxial morphine may produce nausea and vomiting due to cephalad migration. Though it improves post- operative pain, it may have serious complication delaying recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic antiemetics such as conventional metoclopramide or more expensive ondansetron. Methods: Eighty-seven patients who underwent orthopedic knee arthroscopic surgery under epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to three groups, which are (a) normal saline intravenous injection control group (Group C), (b) metoclopramide intravenous injection and intranasal spray study group (Group M), (c) ondansetron inravenous injection group (Group O). Before the end of surgery, all patients were given 3 mg of morphine and 2 mg of butorphanol mixture via epidural catheter for postoperative pain control. The anesthesia were all standardized. Post-operative nausea and vomiting were observed and used as outcome variables and postoperative pain, itching, somnolence, dizziness, urinary retention were also observed. Results: The incidence of postoperative nausea was significantly lower in Group M (P = 0.0296) and Group O (P = 0.005) compared with Group C. The incidence of postoperative vomiting was significantly lower in Group O (P = 0.01) compared with Group C. But statistically no difference was noted in vomiting between Group C and Group M (P = 0.0579). Conclusions: The results suggest that ondansetron and metoclopramide are effective in reducing the incidence of post-operative nausea. But ondansetron is more effective in reducing the incidence of post-operative morphine induced vomiting.


Land-use change over a 12-year period was investigated for a pilot area of 200 km2 of the Middle Mountain zone in Dhankuta District. The studies were based on interpretation of air photographs taken in 1978 and 1990 and field checks on a sample of 13 sites of 300 ha each, representing a 20% sample. Six categories were mapped: agriculture (7 sub-categories); abandoned farmland; forest (7 sub-categories); grazing; shrub; and other (such as landslides, urban, and water). Separate measurements were made of crown cover of trees within arable lands. Population changes were estimated by house counts on the air photographs. The results indicated a stability in land use, despite an estimated 19% increase in population. No statistically significant changes in overall land use were detected but considerable internal trading occurred between categories within sample areas, especially between "forest" and "shrub,' demonstrating a fluidity of land use. Total forest cover increased from 36.5% of the sample area in 1978 to 38.8% in 1990. Forest land increased by 34%, indicating a significant improvement in on-farm fodder, fuelwood, and fruit tree resources. Landslide areas increased from 1.0% of the total sample in 1978 to 1.9% in 1990. The method developed proved to be rapid and sufficiently accurate for determining farm-level land-use changes in steeply dissected mountain terrain.


Part 1 Retrospective: the 1980s - change, contradiction, confusion and their legacy. Part 2 Perspective - views from interested parties: universities - responsibility and motivation the exploding community? the university idea and the smashing of the academic atom the polytechnics other colleges further education - navigating the 1990s policy for vocational education and training adult education and European communities enabling learning - raising the profile of staff development competition, collaboration, communities - the involvement of local education authorities in post-compulsory education. Part 3 Prospective - views on key issues: growth, outreach, openness the search for quality technological utopias in post-compulsory education restructuring the resourcing under new management? post-compulsory education and the international community.


The Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations in the 2030 agenda point out the need to safeguard cultural heritage and the importance of convergence towards quality education. Through different museum projects (between 2010 and 2021), the DIDPATRI research group of the University of Barcelona has developed heritage museum models following sustainability parameters. The lines of work have been based on the use of previous museum cultures (integrating existing models) to respond to the needs of the present. The working hypotheses have raised the need to build a new social museography around the historical heritage, which can respond to the social demands of citizen education and sustainability. Museography should be oriented to formal and non-formal teaching-learning environments. Social museography must be based on the understanding of historical heritage in broad sectors of the public as well as on the participation of social agents, civil society, and the scientific community. Social museography must be based on the enhancement of heritage resources (tangible or intangible) in a way that is compatible with sustainable development options; it must be built with the support of protocols that consider production costs that are consistent with the economic and social resources available and with the reasonable use of complex technologies. This desire for research (on the paths of a new social museography) has been channeled through the development of research and transfer projects. The results obtained have generated empirical models that have contributed (methodologically) to the development of museographic options that respond to emerging demands in the environment of historical-archaeological heritage.


Abstract The fact that corpora have hitherto been concerned, in the main, with the sampling of the general rather than the specific is only now beginning to be perceived as a weakness both of intention and of design. Except where the assistance of collocation is enlisted (Louw 2003), corpora of natural language often tell us more about language than they do about the functioning of institutions. Institutional corpora do not exist formally. Informal institutional collections of interaction are gradually being pressed into service as our first institutional corpora. Two such collections are brought into contact in this paper. Huthwaite, a firm specialising in business communication and formerly based in Sheffield, United Kingdom (UK) collected recordings of authentic negotiations in the early 1980s with a view to discovering exactly which types of language and behaviour distinguished skilled negotiators from unskilled ones. At about the same time, the first institutional 'corpus' was unwittingly being created. It was a record of a public inquiry at the Sizewell B nuclear power station in the UK. In a machine-readable form this corpus totals almost 17 million words of running text. By searching the Sizewell Corpus for the same features identified by Huthwaite as indicators of the behaviour and language of skilled negotiators, the possibility of dataassisted training in negotiating is opened up for the first time. However, such techniques may finally prove too powerful for use in settings where an ideology of institutionalised insincerity remains unchallenged by human intuition. Access to authentic data and bottom-up training may well unravel the ideology of the boardroom and threaten the institutions themselves. A new class of negotiators and a more manifestly honest world may be temporary products of this uncharted revolution.


We consider a planar surfaceof infinite type which has the Thompson group T as asymptotic mapping class group. We construct the asymptotic pants complex C ofand prove that the group T acts transitively by automorphisms on it. Finally, we establish that the automorphism group of the complex C is an extension of the Thompson group T by Z/2Z. 2000 MSC classsification: 57 N 05, 20 F 38, 57 M 07, 20 F 34.


A 9-year-old girl presented with loss of vision in the left eye. Three months prior to presentation, she experienced a viral-like illness with coryzal symptoms, headache, fever and loss of vision in the left eye. Her systemic symptoms improved spontaneously within days but the visual loss persisted. The patient did not present to secondary care until 3 months had passed.

On presentation her visual acuity was 6/3.75 in the right eye and 3/60 in the left eye. She was …


Socialist Czechoslovakia in the 1960s witnessed substantial changes in terms of lifestyle. The film musical Dama na kolejich (The Lady of the Lines, 1966) addresses these shifts through female emancipation and fashion. Therefore the film articulates a utopian space of couture fashion as a vehicle for equality of the sexes. The seductive vision of a stylish, empowered lady was presented as accessible to any working class woman. Also, the pages of period lifestyle magazines, the musical form, and the bitter finale tell a different story of a very limited transferability to everyday reality.


Objective: To determine incidence of teenage pregnancy and compare obstetrics and neonatal complication of teenage pregnancy with adult pregnancy. Material and method: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Damnoen Saduak Hospital. The study group consisted of primigravida women aged 12-19 years who gave birth during October 1st, 2007 to September 30th, 2012. The control group consisted of primigravida women aged 20-34 years who gave birth at the same period. Both groups were compared for demographic data, obstetric and neonatal complications including mode of delivery. Results: 844 were study group and 1,266 were control group, the incidence of teenage pregnancy was 27 per 1,000 adolescent and 19.2 % of all pregnancies. The study group had lower level education than control group. The study group had the higher risk of vaginal delivery significant than control group (RR = 2.4; 95% CI = 2.0-2.9). The risk of caesarean section and operative vaginal delivery decreased in study group (RR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.3-0.5 and RR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5-0.9, respectively). The study group had significant risk of preterm labour and low birth weight (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-1.9 and RR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.0, respectively). The control group had statistical significance in cephalopelvic disproportion, prolong rupture of membranes, breech presentation and fetal distress than the study group. (10% VS 4.3%; p < 0.001: 18.3% VS 7.1%; p < 0.001: 3.7% VS 1.7%; p = 0.006 and 2.9% VS 1.3%; p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: The incidence of teenage pregnancy was 19.2 % of all pregnancies. Teenage mother had lower levels of education than adult pregnancy. Preterm labour and low birth weight were only two complications that found in teenage mothers.


Introduction Extensive grazing refers to the use of large areas of unimproved natural land rangeland for free roaming grazing livestock. Usually, that type of natural land can only be used for agricultural production through extensive grazing. The advantages of extensive grazing are that cost and labour can be kept at a minimum. The disadvantages are limited control and flexibility in management and high environmental, economic and social variability.


With the change of the times, various emerging network digital technologies are constantly scouring our life experience, and the characteristics of detachment in post-human society are beginning to stand out. Metaverse is a virtual space that not only reflects the real world, but also is independent of the real world. Based on the Internet, it is a virtual world that connects with the real world and exists in parallel. Metaverse describes a highly autonomous concept of virtual world, aiming to build an operating mechanism and economic system independent of the real world. With the further development of blockchain economy, a large amount of capital in the digital world has promoted the rapid evolution of digital art, and the types of art displayed today are more complicated than before. Non-funny token (NFT) is a data unit stored in the blockchain. From the technical point of view, we can find that art is facing unprecedented virtual and realistic problems. Through the discussion of digital identity, fair trade and gameplay, this paper regards NFT art as a Metaverse pointing to the future, and discusses the generation and evolution of NFT as a digital mechanism from the creation and acceptance of NFT art.


This paper reviews the history of China's financial control since the reform and opening,Summarizes the effects, experiences and lessons of the financial control. Based on analysing the main problems of China's financial industry in the trans-century, the paper puts forward the policies of the financial control in the economic globalization and financial liberalization.


This thesis, entitled "Transitivity Analysis in The Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk at The East London Mosque, Whitechapel on September 27th, 2013" taken from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZK09F_fHts. it has three objectives: describing types of process, related participants, related circumstances, and field of discourse in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk at The East London Mosque, Whitechapel on September 27th, 2013. This study is based on theory of transitivity in Systemic Functional Linguistics. In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method since the writer attempts to identify each clause in all process types, related participants, related circumstances and field of discourse in the Friday Sermon delivered by Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk at The East London Mosque, Whitechapel on September 27th, 2013. There are 513 clauses found in the Friday Sermon. There are 244 (47,56%) material process; 77 (15%) mental process; 22 (4,28%) behavioural process; 32 (6,23%) verbal process; 129 (25,14%) relational process; and 2 (0,38%) existential process. Material process becomes the dominant, while existential process becomes the least and also there is no meteorological process in the Friday Sermon. Material process becomes the dominant because the sermoner, Mufti Ismail Ibn Musa Menk invites the audience in his Friday sermon to obey all the instructions of Allah.


I describe new phases of a chiral liquid crystal with nematic and hexatic order. I find a conical phase, similar to that of a cholesteric in an applied magnetic field for Frank elastic constants K 2 > K 3 . I discuss the role of fluctuations in the context of this phase and the possibility of satisfying the inequality for sufficiently long polymers. In addition I derive the topological constraint relating defects in the bond order field to textures of the nematic and elucidate its physical meaning. Finally I make the analogy between smectic liquid crystals and chiral hexatics and propose a defect-riddled ground state, akin to the Renn-Lubensky twist grain boundary phase of chiral smectics.


In order to assess the environmental risk of water pollutants, a fitting function of the dose-effective relationship among microbial indicator and pollutants was reached. The microbial fauna in the microcosm of the pharmaceutical manufacturers of mixing and formulation were measured. The correlationship among different concentrations of artificial composed water and the mass growth of target microbial was calculated to set a fitting function. The methane-oxidizing bacteria was selected as the indicator owing to its better reactivity of mass growth, the highest correlationship(r=−0.968) along with the change of the waste-water concentrations and the coefficient of fitting function as R2=1. The fitting function equation was y=−1.63x4+2.908x3−1.783x2+0.299x+0.276; Thus, different risk levels were divided: No risk(OD<inf>600</inf>≥0.276), Low risk(0.276< OD<inf>600</inf><0.138), Medium risk (0.138≤OD<inf>600</inf><0.000), High risk (OD<inf>600</inf>≤0.000). The sensitivity of microbial indicator incresaes the precision of warning and the time of crisis response with very strong practicability.


Convergence of the power sequence of an n × n fuzzy matrix under the max-product composition has been studied. It is shown that the powers of an n × n fuzzy matrix under the max-product composition either converge to an idempotent fuzzy matrix with a finite or infinite index, or oscillate with a finite or infinite period.


The digital divide is a significant component of the development divide and that ICT can be a factor in responding to the new challenges of globalisation and addressing longstanding issues of inequality. However the evidence is that top-down initiatives never work unless they are fully endorsed at local level. This book is a resource to help the spread of community access points. It covers five themes: enabling an environment for the development of information kiosks; characteristics of success; measuring impact; new approaches to ICT for development; selected case studies.


The analytical structure, absolute values, and angular anisotropy of the four-fold differential cross sections of the nonlocal and local double bremsstrahlung are theoretically predicted when an X-ray photon is scattered by a multicharged helium-like atomic ion


The Report deals with two aspects of an analytical & experimental approach to the optimization of intricately shaped lightened structures exposed to mass forces. Examples illustrate diverse possibilities of the approach and its efficiency.


The notion of a "migration-terrorism nexus" is gaining political momentum, despite the lack of evidence to support it, and even the existence of evidence to the contrary. This paper, while assessing the validity of the supposed link between terrorism and migration, will seek to show why and how the crackdown on migration and liberties actually create conditions conducive to terrorism. The answer as to why we tend to easily associate migration with terrorism lies in the securitization of migration and asylum, which will be analyzed in this paper. The broader securitizing discourse constructing migration as a security and even a terrorist threat has been shaping migration policy-making for almost three decades. A series of policy practices with a very heavy human cost, such as borderization practices, interception at sea, push-back operations, and the building of fences or walls to stop the refugee influx, which prioritize border security over human lives, show how this securitizing discourse is effective or "successful". The paper argues that the over-securitization of migration has very negative implications for human lives and rights as well as for democracy and liberties. It seeks to make a case for delinking migration and terrorism and for policy strategies that could be pursued to move migration out of the security framework and ultimately desecuritize migration.


Compared with a monostatic radar, airborne distributed coherent radar (ADCR) has been widely applied thanks to its flexibility, greater degree of freedom, stronger detection, and anti-jamming ability. Unlike distributed ground-based radar, the precondition for ADCR to perform tasks is maintenance of stable wireless communication links among the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Therefore, the communication channel modeling of ADCR is very important. This paper mainly analyzes the performance of a communication system composed of radar UAVs, communication UAV (relay), and ground base station. The probability density function (PDF) and outage probability (OP) of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the ground terminal are derived analytically in the cases of transmission power error, UAV position error, and multi-path fading. Numerical simulation shows the validity of the derived results.


This paper proposed a novel method providing high-update rate vehicle posture and velocity estimation using real-time kinematics global position system (RTK-GPS) and simple in-vehicle speed sensors. The RTK-GPS noise processing techniques are used to discard the noises that do not satisfy the Kalman filter model. Combining the RTK-GPS and speed sensors using extended Kalman filter (EKF) provided a high-update rate estimation that can satisfy the need of the coordinated control of the vehicles fleet. The experimental and practical application results illustrate that the ability of the method meet the accuracy and robustness requirements of the control system.


Based on the actual needs of College Students' information sharing and optimization management, this paper studies and designs the college students' information sharing management system. The system is based on the three-tier architecture mode of display layer, service layer and data persistence layer. The front end combines LayUi and jQuery framework, and each micro service at the back end is constructed by springboot + mybatisplus, Using redis as cache middleware realizes the efficient management and sharing of College Students' information, which not only greatly promotes the effective guidance of students and the all-round development of students, but also provides a favorable reference for educational institutions.


The underground occurrence of open extension fractures is important in petroleum exploration because the fractures provide plane conduits for the migration and storage of fluid. Extension fractures are considered to be natural hydraulic fractures that form like the artificial hydraulic fractures produced during well stimulation. Development of open extension fractures in the earth's crust is inhibited by gravitationally induced confining pressures; there should exist a depth above which extension fractures could form and below which faulting would be the dominant mode of failure. Mechanical considerations indicate that for the development of extension fractures on a regional scale this limiting depth is rather shallow--on the order of a few hundred meters to a few kilometers. Alternatively, mechanical considerations indicate that extension fractures could form locally in anomalously stressed regions at much greater depths if the ratio of pore fluid pressure to overburden weight approaches one.


Aims: To isolate and characterize lignocellulase producin g thermophilic bacteria from a Peruvian hot spring. Study Design: Combined sediment and water samples from the hot spring were subjected todirect plating,in situbaiting andex situenrichment. Endoglucanase and xylanase producing bacterial colonies wer


Although it is clear that achievement goal orientations (how people define success) and attributional styles (how people explain success and failure) are related to achievement behaviour and motivation and that motivation is a critical factor in achieving success in work and sport, little sport or management research-based information is available regarding the identification of individuals likely to sustain high levels of motivation over time or in the development of sustained motivation levels. Data collected at two points in time from 224 employees and 272 athletes is presented. The findings contribute to resolving the debate over how specific attributional styles influence achievement goal orientation and help answer whether the optimal attributional style (how one explains success) depends on the adopted achievement goal orientation (how one defines success). Further, the preponderance of available research on these issues focuses on athletes and students. This knowledge largely has not been extended to the employment setting. In addition to addressing these issues in both a sporting and work context, this study represents the first empirical analysis of the popularly held view that the attributes necessary for excellence in motivation and performance at work are the same as those in sport. Thus, the research also contributes to the development of appropriate metaphors for the organisational context and expands understanding of motivational processes across contexts.


Based on the modern river management idea and technology, and combined with the practical engineering of comprehensive treatment, it is proposed that the river regulation should ensure the flood control safety, take the reasonable lay out of embankment line and buildings, adjust the river slope, and adopt the ecological protection measures, so as to meet the needs of environment landscape and mass life.


Assuming the standard axioms for quaternionic quantum theory and a spatially localized scattering interaction, the $S$-matrix in quaternionic quantum theory is complex valued, not quaternionic. Using the standard connections between the $S$-matrix, the forward scattering amplitude for electromagnetic wave scattering, and the index of refraction, we show that the index of refraction is necessarily complex, not quaternionic. This implies that the recent optical experiment of Procopio et al. based on the Peres proposal does not test for hyper-complex or quaternionic quantum effects arising within the standard Hilbert space framework. Such a test requires looking at near zone fields, not radiation zone fields.


This paper introduces the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine into the western world. Internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into the Western world is not a simple or easy task. Its exposure and exportation into the rest of the world should be a task taken on with a special focus and determination on staying strong along the way. Keeping the truth, strength, and integrity in TCM medicine as it is exported is the highest priority and the best way to promote it. Doing this will give it a solid foundation in its new land and for its new patients. Let's study and analyze what really is required to help TCM avoid all problems and hardships of this exportation process as TCM goes west.


The heat balance equation is central to modeling laser vaporization of tissue. Because about 70% of tissue is water, energy loss due to water vaporization becomes an important consideration in modeling. In this study, the rate and pattern of water vaporization from various animal tissues studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are reported.


The invention provides a preparation method of D(-)-sulbenicillin sodium, which comprises the following steps: preparing D(-)-sulfophenylacetyl chloride from D(-)-sulfophenylacetic acid; preparing a D(-)-sulbenicillin sodium crude product from the D(-)-sulfophenylacetyl chloride and 6-APA; and purifying to obtain the final product D(-)-sulbenicillin sodium, wherein the 6-APA and the D(-)-sulfophenylacetyl chloride are added to a mixed solvent of water, ethanol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and react at the pH of 5.6-7.0 and the room temperature of 15-25 DEG C for 20-40 minutes. The preparation method has mild reaction condition, high yield and high purity of the obtained product.


A defect inspecting apparatus for optically inspecting a defect of a subject to be inspected, includes: a first light guiding member having a first columnar light transmitting member including a first side surface and a second side surface facing the first side surface, curvature of the first side surface being smaller than that of the second side surface, and a first light scattering band having a definite width provided on the second side surface of the first columnar light transmitting member in a columnar axis direction. The first light guiding member enables a transmitted light or a reflected light of a light illuminated to the subject to be inspected from a light source to enter the first side surface, a part of the light incident on the first side surface to guide substantially to the columnar axis direction of the first light guiding member thereby to reach an end thereof, the other part of the light incident on the first side surface to emit from the second side surface. The defect inspecting apparatus further includes: a first light detecting means for detecting the light guided to the circular end of the first light guiding member; and a light detecting device for detecting the light emitted from the second side surface of the first light guiding member.


Micro and small enterprise plays a vital role in the Philippine economy as they almost cover all of the businesses in the country. On the other hand, bookkeeping is a vital tool to generate valuable information in decision-making. The study aimed to determine the extent of bookkeeping practices and its effects on the growth of micro and small enterprises in Lapu-Lapu City. This study utilized a descriptive research design using a quantitative approach. The data collection was done through a research-constructed survey questionnaire. The convenience sampling method was used to determine 50 micro and small enterprises as respondents. The data were analyzed and interpreted using frequency and percentage distribution for the profile variables, weighted arithmetic mean for implementation, and impact of bookkeeping. Chi-square was used to test the significant relationships among the variables. Most of the respondents are engaged in merchandising business funded through personal funds and have operated the business for less than three (3) years. The respondents have basic bookkeeping knowledge and prefer to do it independently using the manual method of record-keeping. Bookkeeping practices were practiced moderately in the micro and small enterprises. However, results showed that bookkeeping has a high impact on the growth of the business. The study further revealed a significant relationship between the level of implementation of bookkeeping and the growth of micro and small enterprises in the locale. This study concludes that the bookkeeping practices of the micro and small enterprises in Lapu-Lapu City have a direct relationship towards the growth of the enterprise. Thus, it is important to enhance the owner's knowledge about implementing correct bookkeeping practices in the enterprise. Consequently, training-seminar about bookkeeping must be conducted for these owners to grasp additional and valuable knowledge on bookkeeping and strengthen their skills on bookkeeping as their tool in decision-making, managing, and operating the business.


Plasmodium spp.: Almost all anti-malarial drug resistance is attributed to mutation in genes encoding drug uptake. To overcome this obstacle, allosteric inhibitors were recently investigated. These compounds are able to bind at a site other than the enzyme active site changing its catalytic activity. With such selective and potent inhibition, gene mutation never occurs in the presence of high drug doses since catalytic inhibition does not alter the enzyme active site. Suramin, a drug used in treatment of African sleeping sickness, is a common example of allosteric inhibitors with potent selective catalytic inhibitory activity against rhodesane, the major T. brucei cysteine protease. On the other hand, all intracellular protozoa possess functional enzymes for purine synthesis pathway. In contrast, Plasmodium spp. lack the enzymes required for salvage pathway of the nucleotide in DNA and RNA synthesis, i.e., pyrimidine. In the present review, Chao Wang and her colleagues from Netherland and Brazil drew a figure demonstrating the sex-step process for pyrimidine de novo synthesis. Carbamoyl phosphate (CP), formed of bicarbonate, glutamine, and ATP, is synthesized using carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II (CPII). Then, CP is catalyzed to N-carbamoyl-l-aspartate using ATCase. The latter is re-catalyzed by dihyroorotase (DHOase) to dihydroorotate that is oxidized by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODHase) to form orotate. Orotidine5'-monophosphate (OMP) is synthesized by combining orotate with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) using orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase). In the final step, uridine monophosphate is produced by OMP decarboxylation using OMP decarboxylase (ODC). Therefore, six enzymes (CPII, ATCase, DHOase, DHODHase, OPRTase, and ODC) are promising anti-malarial drugs in pyrimidine de novo synthesis. However, since the reviewers recently identified PfATCase crystal structure, they focused their review on discussing studies that dealt with its structures aiming to find a selective pocket in PfATCase for development of an allosteric inhibitor. Besides, ATCase attracted much attention in the last decade as a promising drug target in development of novel anticancer therapy.


Each human group and each society is a complex system of cooperative and competitive relationships. These two relations are intertwined, however, it is not indifferent in what way and to what extent. The present research has aimed at revealing the requirements of cooperative competition which is a competitive process with a high degree of cooperation among the competing parties. The Critical Incident Technique was applied. This procedure is based on the direct observation of human behaviour and was elaborated in order to examine complex interpersonal phenomena and to provide ecological validity. Altogether 483 critical incidents were described by teachers and university students of education. They were instructed to recall competitive relationships that have certain characteristics (e.g. high degree of cooperation among the parties vs no cooperation among the parties; high degree of trust among the parties vs high degree of distrust among the parties, etc.) After the free description of the incident, the participants had to characterize the competitive event along different dimensions on a Likert-scale, for instance intense/not intense competition; rules kept or violated, applying principal component analysis, four different scales were constructed: the Cooperation Scale (i.e. the relationship among the competitors, cooperation, trust and communication), the Motivation Scale (i.e. motivation, the 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.


The research is dedicated to the study of methodological problem of emergence and evolution of the notion of "region" within political studies of international regional systems and institutions. Transformation of approaches and multiple aspect under investigation by the scholars who study international regionalism, define importance of terminology for these research endeavors. The notion of the region is central for understanding of the role of territory in research of international regionalism. Thus it is crucial to define directions and outcomes of transformations of the notion to succeed in studies of international political issues of regional systems. The article investigates evolution of the approaches to the term "region" from the first encounters made by political geographers to define international regions as a phenomenon of international relations research, to the emergence of specific research approaches by international relations scholars to the essence of region in the study of international issues, international regionalism and regionalisation. The very emergence of the international regionalism as a separate phenomenon within international relations area depend upon multiplicity of definitions of the region, elaborated by scholars throughout history of the discipline. The article uncovers link between the notion of the region in the international political research and evolution of approaches to the study of the phenomenon of international regionalism, multiple aspects of regionalism in international relations, complexity of the regionalism typology amid international cooperation evolution in different parts of international system.


SUMMARY Central to plant microRNA (miRNA) biology is the identification of functional miRNA‐target interactions (MTIs). However, the complementarity basis of bioinformatic target prediction results in mostly false positives, and the degree of complementarity does not equate with regulation. Here, we develop a bioinformatic workflow named TRUEE (Targets Ranked Using Experimental Evidence) that ranks MTIs on the extent to which they are subjected to miRNA‐mediated cleavage. It sorts predicted targets into high (HE) and low evidence (LE) groupings based on the frequency and strength of miRNA‐guided cleavage degradome signals across multiple degradome experiments. From this, each target is assigned a numerical value, termed a Category Score, ranking the extent to which it is subjected to miRNA‐mediated cleavage. As a proof‐of‐concept, the 428 Arabidopsis miRNAs annotated in miRBase were processed through the TRUEE pipeline to determine the miRNA 'targetome'. The majority of high‐ranking Category Score targets corresponded to highly conserved MTIs, validating the workflow. Very few Arabidopsis‐specific, Brassicaceae‐specific, or Conserved‐passenger miRNAs had HE targets with high Category Scores. In total, only several hundred MTIs were found to have Category Scores characteristic of currently known physiologically significance MTIs. Although non‐exhaustive, clearly the number of functional MTIs is much narrower than many studies claim. Therefore, using TRUEE to numerically rank targets  directly on experimental evidence has given insights into the scope of the functional miRNA targetome of Arabidopsis.


A well-done specific emitter identification (SEI) method via radio frequency (RF) fingerprint is a physical-layer-based approach for wireless communication network security. In this paper, we propose an efficient SEI method based on the spectrum trace skeleton and Bezier curve fitting. The method utilizes the original spectrum trace directly instead of collecting and processing time-domain data. The control points obtained by Bezier curve fitting with the spectrum trace skeleton are selected to act as the new features for identification. It can retain the information of the spectrum trace to the most extent while reducing feature dimension. It is proved that the proposed method has effective and reliable performance for identifying WiFi devices. The total identification accuracy can reach 98.4% even at a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, compared with time-domain methods, the proposed method has a lower feature dimension and saves running time and storage space.


The DoLS were inserted into the MCA to provide authorisation and safeguards for deprivation of liberty in care homes and hospitals following the 'Bournewood case'. In HL v UK1 the European Court of Human Rights had ruled that the informal admission of an autistic man to Bournewood Hospital was a deprivation of liberty in the meaning of art 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), notwithstanding that he had not actually attempted to leave the hospital. The DoLS administrative scheme was intended to satisfy the procedural requirements of art 5 ECHR. They included a process for formal assessment of mental capacity and whether it is in the person's best interests to be deprived of their liberty, and mechanisms for review and appeal.


rat carrying capacity of the area. While the data so obtained are informative, they can be applied only in a limited way to the activities of the animals in the wild. The present study was made of the food habits of the muskrat, Ondatra z. zibethica, on a marsh area in central Maine during 1941. This investigation was one phase of a series of studies dealing with the basic ecological relationships of the species in this region. The work had three primary objectives: (1) to inventory the various plant forms available in the area, (2) to determine the relative quantities eaten by the muskrats, and (3) to ascertain whether any food selection was demonstrated by these mammals. The field work was conducted on a portion of the marsh area located near the town of Corinna, Penobscot County, which has been described in a previous paper (Takos, 1943). All the specific names of plants follow Fassett (1940). The frequency method of Raunkiaer, as modified by Kenoyer (1927), has been used for the expression of the quantitative data. All calculations have been rounded off to two decimal places, i.e., to the nearest whole percentile. The terms frequency index and frequency percentage have been used interchangeably; the index being the decimal expression of a per cent. Use has been made of terminology devised by Hess and Swartz (1941) for a similar investigation of the food habits of the black-nosed dace (Rhinichthys a. atratulus). The enumeration techniques employed during this study present a semi-quantitative method which may be of interest to other investigators. 1 Contribution from the Maine Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Orono, Maine; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Game, University of Maine, Wildlife Management Institute, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, cooperating. F. H. Steinmetz and E. C. Ogden, Botany Department, University of Maine, aided in the identification of the plant materials. The writer is indebted to John Pearce and Howard Mendall for suggestions during the study and in preparing the manuscript.


On the basis of the diagrammatic method, a new interpolation between long- and short-range correlations in an electron liquid is presented. In the interpolation scheme, the spin-parallel and spin-antiparallel correlations are studied separately. The authors evaluate numerically the local-field factor from short-range Coulomb repulsion by solving the integral equation for the particle-particle ladder interaction. The irreducible particle-hole interaction is constructed from an approximation interpolation between the RPA dynamically screened Coulomb interaction and the ladder interaction. The local-field factor from the exchange interaction is evaluated from the exchange polarisation function of lowest order in this irreducible particle-hole interaction. An interrelation between the two local-field factors is discussed.


mKRISHI platform which provide best agriculture methodology and practices to the farmer which will satisfy all needs of Farmer using ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Using modern ICT platform, Agriculture field will establish better market to customers that will give more assurance of food safety and there quality. This project is going to develop to improve quality of food material and farmer growth. This platform will provide better product through farm by using best practices and Agro-Expert advisory system to Farmer through mKRISHI. So this best agriculture practice and Agro-Expert suggestion will help the farmer to develop better quality of product and will standalone at global market. KeywordsICT (Information and Communication Technology), mKRISHI (mobile KRISHI services).


SETTING
Four districts of Karnataka State, India, that have implemented the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP).

OBJECTIVE
To assess the proportion of patients diagnosed according to the nationally recommended algorithm among new smear-negative (NSN) PTB cases registered under the RNTCP.

METHODS
Information on 201 registered NSN-PTB patients as regards date of initial sputum examination, repeat sputum examination and chest X-ray (CXR) if undertaken, treatment initiation and number of days of antibiotic treatment after initial sputum examination, were collected through record review and patient interviews. In patients with negative or unknown human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, the algorithm was considered completed if the patient underwent initial sputum examination, antibiotic trial for ⩾10 days, repeat sputum examination ⩾10 days after initial sputum examination, CXR after repeat sputum examination and anti-tuberculosis treatment ⩾10 days after initial sputum examination. In HIV-positive patients, the algorithm was considered completed if CXR was performed after or at the same time as initial sputum examination.

RESULTS
Complete information was available for 170 patients. Of these, the algorithm was completed in 14 (8.2%, 95%CI 0.9-15.5): 1/140 patients with negative or unknown HIV status and 13/30 HIV-positive patients.

CONCLUSION
The algorithm was not completed in most patients registered for treatment. Measures are needed to improve the diagnostic process for smear-negative PTB.


Section 3 describes financial aspects of the sugar trade. Chapter 7 examines the real means of payment that developed in this intercontinental and risky commerce, while chapter 8 concentrates on fiduciary media and credit, which deals as much with theological disputes about what is permitted as daily market standards. The fourth and final section deals with bonds of trust with overseas agents and their relationships with merchants. Strum considers transmission of and access to information in chapter 9 and mechanisms to ensure compliance with norms and agreements in chapter 10. As is evident, this is an imaginative, well-researched, and broadly conceived study of key institutions, people, networks, and events in the expansion of the early modern Atlantic economy. It reveals the ways merchants coped with danger, trust, and value calculations over long distances to construct the beginnings of the modern world economy. And it is complemented with beautiful paintings and maps. The Sugar Trade: Brazil, Portugal, and the Netherlands, 1595–1650 is a welcome study that heralds the arrival of an impressive scholar. steven topik University of California, Irvine


The invention reveals a PCB (printed circuit board) blind hole quality analyzing method, firstly inputting design data of manufacturing laser blind holes on the PCB and actual measured data, and using the design data and measured data to calculate various statistical quantities. The expressing modes of these statistical quantities include target diagram, hole position deviation distribution diagram, vector diagram, pad area ratio distribution diagram and remaining glue area ratio distribution diagram, and it can display copper window message, pad message and relative message of pad by these diagrams. Finally, by these messages, it can clearly show manufacturing quality of laser blind holes on the PCB.


The Three Coal Reserves are very important data in the mine production and how to manage them systematically, import them into graphic system automatically and share them each other is also very important. This paper presents the design, network structure and function realization of the Mine Three Coal Reserves Database Management System in detail.


The premise of the Symposium was that the exponential growth in the medical education literature has created difficulties for the establishment of a genuine Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME). The opinions of the Editors were to be sought about whether a more careful standardisation of terminology would alleviate some of those difficulties.


The free field calibration of condenser microphones to 100 kc was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Several Western Electric 640AA condenser microphones were calibrated using the free field reciprocity theorem. The response of these transducers exhibits peaks and dips above the fundamental natural frequency due in part to vibration of the diaphragm in higher modes as is expected theoretically. The reciprocity theorem is, however, valid irrespective of the mode of vibration. A special condenser microphone with a fundamental frequency greater than 100 kc and set in a spherical housing (11 mm in diameter) was developed. It was calibrated by the reciprocity method and found to have a smooth response to 100 kc. This calibration agreed satisfactorily with that obtained by the electrostatic actuator method after theoretical correction was made for diffraction by the spherical housing.


ABSTRACT This paper integrates tourism, economic growth, and environmental issues in a multivariate format. Unlike recent research on this topic, a panel data of selected sample nations of sub-Saharan Africa is adopted by using cointegration and panel regression models. The current research discovers both long-run equilibrium and short-run dynamics between economic growth, tourism, energy use, and carbon emissions in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, tourism and energy use show a highly significant direct impact on economic growth. In addition, tourism, energy use, and economic growth yield a highly significant positive effect on carbon emissions. Dissecting the region into oil producers and non-oil producers further suggests that the economic growth of sub-Saharan Africa has been accomplished by strong growth in tourism and energy use. However, there is highly significant evidence that in oil producing countries, CO2 emissions are directly affected by energy use and economic growth and not by tourism. For non-oil producing countries, tourism and energy use but not economic growth incur a highly significant positive impact on carbon emissions.


The development of sequential media is often reported as one of the reasons why human IVF pregnancy rates have increased over the last 10 years. The objective was to determine if a single culture medium (global) is as effective in human embryo culture as a sequential medium (G series) and whether embryos of some patients prefer one medium over the other. Patients (n = 144) were placed into one of three treatment arms. Treatment 1, sequential: culture in G Series medium. Treatment 2, nonsequential: culture in global medium. Treatment 3, split: After fertilization, a patient's embryos are split between the above two treatments. All patients with embryos from April 2007 to January of 2008 (PGD patients were excluded) were allocated to one of the three treatments. Eggs were collected in and fertilized in vitro Life media (GMOPS and GFert, respectively). In treatment 1, patients' embryos (n = 346) were cultured in sequential media. In treatment 2, patients' embryos (n = 482) are cultured in nonsequential media. In treatment 3, embryos (n = 420) from each patient are split between sequential and nonsequential media after rinsing in the treatment medium. Patients whose embryos met the criteria (at least 2 embryos, >6 cells, grade excellent to good) were transferred on day 5. All embryos remaining after embryo transfer were frozen on day 5. A maximum of 2 embryos was transferred per patient. Frequencies were compared with a chi square test. Results: The percentage of cases that achieved transfers on Day 5 (an indication of embryo quality) were 44.0%, 50.0% and 68.4% for sequential, nonsequential and split, respectively. Split was significantly different from the sequential (P < 0.05). The percentage of transferrable blastocysts was 27% for sequential, 43% for nonsequential and 39% for split (difference between sequential and the other two was significant at P < 0.0005). Pregnancy rates and implantation rates were 32%/19.0%, 36%/22.5% and 50%/32.2% for sequential, nonsequential and split. (Only implantation rates between split and sequential were significant P < 0.05). For embryos in the split treatment, development to transferable blastocysts was 37.0% in sequential media v. 41.6% in nonsequential medium (not significant). In conclusion, a single medium (nonsequential) for culture to blastocyst yields results similar to embryos cultured in the more complex sequential medium. There is some evidence that a benefit can be gained by splitting embryos between two culture media to increase implantation rates. Further studies need to be done to see if this will result in increased pregnancy rates.


A peculiar case of astrocytoma showing a histological appearance similar to granular cell tumor was reported. The tumor consisted of large round cells containing numerous intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules, partially intermingled with atypical astrocytes, and part of it showed a transition to distinct areas of fibrillary astrocytoma. The granules were periodic acid‐Schiff‐positive (with resistance to diastase digestion), negative for fat stains and revealed lectin‐binding patterns similar to those in granular cell tumor. Ultrastructurally the granules were partially membrane‐bound, dense bodies compatible with secondary lysosomes. It was suggested that the granular cells were of astrocytic origin because of their immuno reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ultrastructural observation of intermediate filaments corresponding to GFAP. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 206‐211, 1990.


The characters of teaching material in China and America are compared through the statistic of student experiment.The cognitive and study views about design of student experiment are put foreword.Some revelations,thoughts and hopes on student experiment in our physical material,some teaching materials of America,which can be used for reference,are also presented.


Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation, is a safe and noninvasive method for various dermatological applications. However, most LLLT devices have limitations, such as low flexibility, high energy consumption, and huge equipment size, limiting their usage in daily life and clinical treatment. This study presents a flexible and wireless light emitting diode (LED) patch with an internet of thing (IoT) healthcare platform for wound healing applications. The flexible LED patch was designed with a high-efficiency performance of thermal stability, device uniformity, and mechanical durability for skin-attachable phototherapies application and clinical use. The application of a smartphone app with an IoT-connected healthcare platform for the flexible LED patch opens tremendous opportunities for the development of a remote healthcare system with cost-effectiveness in the future. In wound healing test on normal human fibroblasts, the LED light was proven to have no cytotoxic effect with high fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast migration (over 16% compared to control) under various light irradiations. Furthermore, a high association between wavelengths and exposure duration with biologic responses and migration effects was indicated in the study. The cell proliferation and migration experiments show the necessity of optimizing LED wavelength, radiation doses for better clinical assessment. Based on the results, the flexible LED patch is expected to be a suitable photomedical device for various types of dermatology applications.


Anoxic basins, rich in fossil vertebrates, are frequently represented in the Middle and Upper Triassic rocks of both Southern and Northern Calcareous Alps. Some of the localities have been known since the second half of the XIX century and have yielded a great deal of specimens (Formazione di Besano, Seefelder Schichten), some others have been only recendy found (Calcare di Zorzino). In the past times, these sites have generally been the object of economical rather than paleontological interests: their bituminous levels, in fact, were mainly exploited for pharmaceutical purposes. Their present economical interest resides in that they may have been oil source-rocks. The formations in question have a medium/high total organic matter content (TOC, up to 40%). This, together with the presence of abundant, well preserved fossil vertebrates, have always led the previous Authors to think the basins bottom was anoxic; they assumed, in fact, that marine vertebrates fossilizate mainly under anoxia. Nonetheless, the taphonomic study of these vertebrate remains, here carried on for the first time, only in some cases supports this idea; in the others, most of all as concerns the Formazione di Besano, it has allowed the proposition of a different model. Fossils, in fact, often lie isooriented and disarticulate, with unimodal dispersal of the single elements. This implies the presence of light bioturbation and currents at the bottom and thus a disaerobic, rather than anoxic environment. Regarding other units, such as the Calcare di Zorzino and the Kalkschieferzone, the anoxic bottom conditions are well supported by the preservation of very small sized, completely articulated specimens, though the TOC shows remarkably lower rates than in the Formazione di Besano.


It is coupled and influenced each other between the bending-torsion vibration of ship propulsive shafting and journal bearing lubrication oil.The bearing lubrication equation and the coupling dynamic e-quation between bearing lubrication and bending-torsion vibration of ship shafting are given in this paper.The influence relationship of bearing lubricant oil viscosity to the shafting vibration is investigated by the numerical method.The calculation results show that applying impulse load on the shafting and increasing lubricant oil viscosity,the response of bending-torsion vibration decreases,vibration amplitude attenuates quickly,and the duration of shafting vibration action motivated by impulse load becomes short.When the oil viscosity is lower,coupling function of bending-torsion vibration becomes stronger,amplitude changes bigger,and the influence of them is more obvious.But when the oil viscosity is bigger,coupling function of bending-torsion vibration becomes weaker,it is not obvious the influence of impulse load to shafting tor-sion vibration while it is bigger still the influence of impulse load to shafting bending vibration.


| Full Text + Links | PDF (100 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 3. Colour stabilization of red wines by microoxygenation treatment before malolactic fermentation • ARTICLE Pages 881-893 Silvia Pérez-Magariño, Montserrat Sánchez-Iglesias, Miriam Ortega-Heras, Carlos González-Huerta and M Luisa González-Sanjosé Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (255 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (255 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 4. Reduction of cyanide content of cassava flour in Mozambique by the wetting method • ARTICLE Pages 894-897 Arnaldo Cumbana, Estevao Mirione, Julie Cliff and J. Howard Bradbury Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (100 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (100 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 5. Influence of osmotic concentration, continuous high frequency ultrasound and dehydration on antioxidants, colour and chemical properties of rabbiteye blueberries • ARTICLE Pages 898-906 Jelena Stojanovic and Juan L. Silva Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (192 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (192 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationU...ion=0&_userid=10&md5=58774b27dc09a396f4896ea60e2d06af (2 of 14)25/12/2549 15:05:57 ScienceDirect Food Chemistry, Volume 101, Issue 3, Pages 877-1318 (2007) 6. Effect of soapwort extract on physical and sensory properties of sponge cakes and rheological properties of sponge cake batters • ARTICLE Pages 907-911 •lyas Çelik, Yusuf Y•lmaz, Fatma I••k and Özlem Üstün Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (122 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (122 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 7. Cytoprotective effect of a bilberry extract against oxidative damage of rat hepatocytes • ARTICLE Pages 912-917 Kate•ina Valentová, Jitka Ulrichová, Ladislav Cvak and Vilím Šimánek Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (134 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (134 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 8. Changes in vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity of raw and germinated cowpea (Vigna sinensis var. carilla) seeds induced by high pressure treatment • ARTICLE Pages 918-923 Rosa Doblado, Juana Frías and Concepción VidalValverde Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (229 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (229 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 9. Fatty acid and salt contents of snacks in the Cretan and Cypriot market: A child and adolescent dietary hazard • ARTICLE Pages 924-931 C.I. Vardavas, S. Yiannopoulos, M. Kiriakakis, E. Poulli and A. Kafatos Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (154 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (154 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 10. Non-volatile taste components of various broth cubes • ARTICLE Pages 932-937 Pei-Dih Chiang, Chih-Tai Yen and Jeng-Leun Mau Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (126 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (126 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationU...ion=0&_userid=10&md5=58774b27dc09a396f4896ea60e2d06af (3 of 14)25/12/2549 15:05:57 ScienceDirect Food Chemistry, Volume 101, Issue 3, Pages 877-1318 (2007) 11. Some properties of corn grains and their flours I: Physicochemical, functional and chapati-making properties of flours • ARTICLE Pages 938-946 Kawaljit Singh Sandhu, Narpinder Singh and Nachhattar Singh Malhi Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (187 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (187 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 12. A comparison of the antioxidant properties of steryl ferulates with tocopherol at high temperatures • ARTICLE Pages 947-954 Laura Nyström, Tanja Achrenius, Anna-Maija Lampi, Robert A. Moreau and Vieno Piironen Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (209 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (209 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 13. Effects of heating temperature on the total phenolic compound, antioxidative ability and the stability of dioscorin of various yam cultivars • ARTICLE Pages 955-963 Yi-Tzu Chen and Kuo-Wei Lin Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (409 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (409 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 14. Use of mass spectrometry to characterize proteolysis in cheese • ARTICLE Pages 964-972 Paolo Piraino, Vivek K. Upadhyay, Rocco Rossano, Paolo Riccio, Eugenio Parente, Alan L. Kelly and Paul L. H. McSweeney Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (622 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (622 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 15. Analysis of minority honey components: Possible use for the evaluation of honey quality • ARTICLE Pages 973-979 J. Lachman, D. Kolihová, D. Miholová, J. Košata, D. Tit•ra and K. Kult Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (140 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (140 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationU...ion=0&_userid=10&md5=58774b27dc09a396f4896ea60e2d06af (4 of 14)25/12/2549 15:05:57 ScienceDirect Food Chemistry, Volume 101, Issue 3, Pages 877-1318 (2007) 16. Chemiluminescent screening of quenching effects of natural colorants against reactive oxygen species: Evaluation of grape seed, monascus, gardenia and red radish extracts as multi-functional food additives • ARTICLE Pages 980-986 M. Wada, H. Kido, K. Ohyama, T. Ichibangase, N. Kishikawa, Y. Ohba, M.N. Nakashima, N. Kuroda and K. Nakashima Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (320 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (320 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 17. Response surface methodological study on HMF and fluorescent accumulation in red and white grape juices and concentrates • ARTICLE Pages 987-994 Atilla Simsek, Ender Sinan Poyrazoglu, Suleyman Karacan and Y. Sedat Velioglu Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (218 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (218 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 18. Effects of drying methods on the quality and quantity of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia L. subsp. Capensis • ARTICLE Pages 995-998 O.T. Asekun, D.S. Grierson and A.J. Afolayan Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (95 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (95 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 19. Chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seed oil • ARTICLE Pages 999-1004 I.A. Ajayi, R.A. Oderinde, B.O. Ogunkoya, A. Egunyomi and V.O. Taiwo Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (136 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (136 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 20. Simultaneous process to isolate actomyosin and actin from post-rigor porcine skeletal muscle • ARTICLE Pages 1005-1011 María Pérez-Juan, Mónica Flores and Fidel Toldrá Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (428 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (428 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationU...ion=0&_userid=10&md5=58774b27dc09a396f4896ea60e2d06af (5 of 14)25/12/2549 15:05:57 ScienceDirect Food Chemistry, Volume 101, Issue 3, Pages 877-1318 (2007) 21. Antioxidant activities and polyphenolic contents of fifteen selected plant species from the Amazonian region • ARTICLE Pages 1012-1018 E.M. Silva, J.N.S. Souza, H. Rogez, J.F. Rees and Y. Larondelle Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (262 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (262 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 22. Modelling the temperature dependence of oxidation rate in water-in-oil emulsions stored at sub-zero temperatures • ARTICLE Pages 1019-1024 Sonia Calligaris, Lara Manzocco and Maria Cristina Nicoli Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (230 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (230 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 23. Viscoelastic properties of wheat gliadin and glutenin suspensions • ARTICLE Pages 1025-1030 Jingyuan Xu, Jerold A. Bietz and Craig J. Carriere Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (401 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (401 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 24. Proximate analysis of homogenized and minced mass of pork sausages by NIRS • ARTICLE Pages 1031-1040 V. Ortiz-Somovilla, F. España-España, A.J. GaitánJurado, J. Pérez-Aparicio and E.J. De Pedro-Sanz Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (232 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (232 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF 25. The effect of phytic acid on oxidative stability of raw and cooked meat • ARTICLE Pages 1041-1045 Bo•ena Stodolak, Anna Starzy•ska, Marcin Czyszczo• and Krzysztof •y•a Abstract | Full Text + Links | PDF (123 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF| Full Text + Links | PDF (123 K) | To Purchase and Download the Full Article, Click PDF http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationU...ion=0&_userid=10&md5=58774b27dc09a39


RG (Ruta Graveolens) is very green plant like as if there is Pale dust on tiny leaves. This plant reduced sex drive in men and causes to abortion. Also it repels magics in popular believes. In the past this plant added to wines to reduce the harms and improve the quality of drinks. These characteristics and properties of RG have been used in Persian poets' poems. But no classified research about its use has not yet been done separately and the resources and references that studied plants in Persian literature only confine to mention several samples. The study of the use of RG from point of medicine and botanical and its usage in ritual clears that this plant and its applications to all Persian poets are not know. But use it in wine, green RG and its advantages and disadvantages has been the largest manufacturing sector for the poets. Please cite this article as: Siamak, A. Malek Sabet, S. Amin, A. (2015). Take advantage of the range of Ruta graveolens in Persian literature. Med History J . 7(24): 133-156.


Accurate measurement of active and reactive power is becoming increasingly important as problems of process-energy balance become more complicated and cost savings receive more critical attention. In large electrical systems, very special attention must be given to these measurements to maintain losses at a minimum. In the modern panoramic control unit with its attendant off-limit alarms, digital display of these power values is highly desirable. However, because of the nonlinearity of one of the three variables (the product of which defines the power value), direct digital measurements present difficulties. Conventional solid-state digital voltmeter equipment allows the construction of voltage and resistance parameters in a straightforward manner. The third parameter, the sine or cosine of the electrical angle, is a nonlinear function and, therefore, requires more elaborate measuring equipment.


The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of cold needle on perception of pain during intramuscular (IM) injection among adults in a selected hospital, Kerala. The objectives of the study were to assess the level of pain during intramuscular injection with the needle at room temperature, to assess the level of pain during intramuscular injection with cold needle at 0–2 degree Celsius, to compare the level of pain during Intramuscular injection with needle at room temperature and cold needle at 0–2 degree Celsius, and to determine the association between the level of pain and selected baseline variables. An evaluative approach was used with a quasi experimental one group pretest post test design. The study was conducted among adults (21–60 years) those who received IM injection of Diclofenac sodium. Using non probability purposive sampling technique 50 adults were selected. Each adult received IM injection (2 doses) with needle at room temperature and cold needle (0–2 degree Celsius) alternatively. Study findings revealed that the mean pain score 5.32 with needle at room temperature was found significantly higher than the mean pain score (2.00) with cold needle. There was a significant association found between the level of pain perception and previous experience to IM injection with cold needle. Thus it was concluded that cold needle (0–2 degree Celsius) is effective in reducing the perception of pain during IM injection.


To ensure quality, efficacy, and safety of drugs is the prime objective of any country and respective drug regulatory authority. Countries have their own regulatory setup to ensure the proper execution of drug regulatory guidelines in their country. There are several regional organization in world, ASEAN is one of them. It is Association of Southeast nations. ASEAN is very well representing its countries on global platform. The step of harmonization of drug regulatory guidelines by ASEAN is seen as major step taken by an Asian regional organization. ASEAN is an emerging market and every country has its own needs. As research and development sector is only developed in Singapore in ASEAN region so, generics emerge as a tool for other countries to fulfill UHC goals and Vision 2020 ASEAN. Every country has the different procedure for generic drug registration application approval. To clearly understand the procedure of generic drug registration application approval process we have gone through various guidelines and literature. There are 10 members in ASEAN i.e. Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Laos PDR, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Each one's generic drug approval process, requirements and effects on pharmaceutical trade after implementation of ACTD is explained in this research work. This research work also includes the statistical analysis and suggestions on how other countries and regional organization follow the model of ASEAN for drug regulatory harmonization procedure.


Statement of the Problem The purpose of the study was to determine whether significant differences in the scores of seventh grade students on The Oral P/S Language Inventory occurred as a result of a constrained para digmatic teaching intervention. If such differences were evidenced, might they be attributable to sex or race? This study attempted to ansxver these questions. Hypotheses Tested The null hypotheses were stated as follows: 1. There were no significant differences in the number of paradigmatic responses following a constrained paradigmatic teach ing intervention as measured by scores on The Oral P/S Language Inventory. 2. There were no significant differences in the number of paradigmatic responses for the group having had the constrained paradigmatic teaching intervention and the group having had a placebo treatment as an intervening variable as measured by the scores on The Oral P/S Language Inventory. 3. There were no significant differences in the number of responses that would be classified as paradigmatically opposite for the group that had received the constrained paradigmatic teaching intervention following the intervention as compared to the pretest


The modern history of Athens starts in 1834 when the Bavarian Regency selected the town as the capital of the newly established Greek state. In 1869 British entrepreneurs founded Athens � Piraeus Railways (SAP), a steam locomotive railway system, which connected the Port of Piraeus with Athens (Thissio). There were no vehicles at that time in Athens and the railway was the only alternative for reaching Piraeus from Athens instead of covering this distance on foot or by using a carriage. In 1904, the introduction of electrification constituted �a turning point� for this company. The railway system endowed the citizens of Athens with the opportunity to visit the area of Faliro by train and go to the theatre, visit a playground, the sea, A� class restaurants, etc.. In 1926, SAP was collaborated with the English Company Power and Traction, so, Athens-Piraeus Railways (SAP) was renamed to Greek Electric Railways (EHS). In the meanwhile, this English Company, Power and Traction, builds the new Power Plant in Saint George Bay, in order to electrify Athens and Piraeus area, as well as the new Terminal Railway Station in Piraeus. These two constructions were very impressive, because were based on metal frames, something new for greek data. Nowadays, the Terminal Railway Station in Piraeus remains a monumental building for almost 90 years. Under the 107 years of Athens- Piraeus Electric Railways operation, Line 1 (Piraeus-Omonia-Kifissia) played a significant role in the life of the citizens of Athens and Piraeus and was considered to be one of the most effective and innovative public works at that time.


Scholars interested in translating large quantities of qualitative information into structured datasets have an expanding range of options, each with different strengths and weaknesses to be balanced. Whether a researcher opts for an inductive1 or deductive strategy2 for creating conceptual frameworks, in the end, the task of merging concepts with actual data is an "interpretive exercise."3 For qualitative data—be it transcripts, field notes, or texts—this exercise has traditionally been carried out by researchers, working alone or in small teams. Yet, relying on human coders can be slow and expensive and can raise questions about inter-coder reliability and validity.4 The rise of computerized techniques for coding therefore has tremendous appeal for researchers looking to leverage breakthroughs in natural language processing and qualitative analysis software. As another way to improve speed and overcome some of the limitations of traditional coding methods, researchers are drawn to a middle ground between small teams of human coders and automated systems: The emergence of "micro-task markets," such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform, promise to reduce the cost and the time associated with human coding while avoiding the technical challenges of natural language processing. While Mechanical Turk and other strategies for crowdsourcing information collection and processing are beginning to revolutionize the social sciences, there are potential problems associated with distributing research tasks. These problems are just starting to come into focus and are not always well understood. My own experience with "distributed" or crowdsourced coding of data suggests that micro-task markets like Mechanical Turk may pose reliability and validity issues that are more complex and less well understood than those associated with the work of more traditional research teams. This essay begins with an introduction of micro-task markets, specifically the Mechanical Turk system. I then describe an inter-coder reliability and validity assessment I conducted using that platform. I conclude with recommendations for improving reliability and validity when using a distributed coding approach and with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of this approach for coding qualitative data.


This study aimed to understand the relation between compliance of taking medicine and the hypertension status in Bajoe community health centre of bone regency. The study was observational analytical and used cross sectional study design. Population of the research was all hypertension patients in working area in Bajoe Community health center of bone regency in 2015. purposive sampling technique was utilized and 310 respondents were chosen as primary hypertension patients that consume anti hypertension medicine Data were analyzed through a SPSS program with chi square and logistic regression test. Further, stratification analysis to evaluate the relationship between the main independent variable and dependent variable was standardized by each covariate variables potential confounder (age, sex, family history, salty food intake, smoking habit, physical activity and obesity). The research result indicated that more hypertension suffered from respondents who were not compliant in taking medicine (66.7%). Incompliance in taking medicine who experienced hypertension was found mostly on elderly (73.1%), females were the same as males (66.7%), family history (73.7%), consuming salty food (67.1%), smoking (67.4%), tendency not to participate in physical activity (69.6%) and obesity (89.2%) with p value <0.05. This study concluded that there is relationship between compliance in taking medicine with hypertension status after been controlled by age, sex, family history, salty food intake, smoking habit, physical activity and obesity, but the variables is not cofounder.


A renaissance in cardiac auscultation has occurred during the past few years, proceeding hand in hand with the development of superior equipment for investigation and perfection of techniques to help with the definitive diagnosis of acquired and congenital cardiac defects. As a result, there is more valid information available today about the normal and abnormal sounds and noises associated with the action of the heart and the flow of blood than at any other period in history. The second edition of this small book has kept pace with these developments. This edition, like the first one, is dedicated to teaching clinical auscultation by the audio-visual method. Those persons who have used the equipment described by the authors as a teaching aid can testify to the success of this approach. This is a practical book, and it has a fresh approach to an important aspect of physical diagnosis. The stethograms in


This study is aimed towards understanding the effect of perceived CSR initiatives (PCSRI) on brand loyalty, and consumer based brand equity (CBBE) in Indian sportswear market. This study was conducted on a group of respondents in Delhi NCR region. Different categories of sportswear brands were chosen for an adequate representation of market share, price and country of origin. The findings indicate that positive and direct relationships exist between PCSRI and consumer trust, PCSRI and brand loyalty; PCSRI and CBBE; consumer trust and brand loyalty; consumer trust and CBBE; brand loyalty and CBBE. The study contributes to the existing literature in understanding the role of PCSRI in building brand loyalty, consumer trust and CBBE. The study will help managers in implementing action plans for enhancing brand loyalty and CBBE in Indian sportswear industry.


MgO-C based refractory is a kind of graphite-bonded refractory which is widely used in industry. It presents excellent capability in application, especially good slag resistance. The interaction between the slag containing titania (TiO 2 2%~30%) and MgO-C based refractory have been investigated by the quasi-static immersion test and rotating immersion test. The microstructures and compositions of the corrosive refractories are investigated by SEM, X-Ray diffraction and Spectrum technology. The corrosion mechanism of MgO-C based refractory in the slag containing titanium oxides is developed. The main reasons which cause the corrosion of MgO-C based refractory include decarbonization of oxides and permeation of slag. All these lead to a deteriorated layer.


Thank you very much for reading object oriented systems design an integrated approach. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this object oriented systems design an integrated approach, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.