Psychiatric illnesses, particularly depression, are some of the most common complications of pregnancy. Accordingly, pharmacologic treatment of these illnesses is prevalent and increasing. Systematic reviews on psychiatric medication use during pregnancy have shown effects on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes and non-systematic reviews of maternal outcomes suggest higher weight gain and an increased risk of gestational diabetes. However, to date there has not been a systematic review of the effects of these medications on maternal metabolic outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between psychiatric medication use during pregnancy and adverse maternal metabolic outcomes [gestational weight gain (GWG), gestational diabetes (GDM) and postpartum weight retention (PPWR)]. Systematic review and meta-analysis were used. We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo and references. Two reviewers independently performed each step of the systematic review, following the MOOSE guidelines. Of 3080 nonduplicate titles and abstracts, 175 articles underwent full text review. Two moderate quality cohort studies were included. No differences were found for GWG, GDM and PPWR. There were only two studies which met our inclusion criteria, making it difficult to make any definitive conclusions regarding the effects of psychiatric medication on maternal metabolic outcomes. Despite the suggestions in non-systematic reviews that psychiatric medication use during pregnancy results in adverse maternal metabolic sequelae, in this systematic review, we found no evidence of an increased risk of GWG, GDM or PPWR in women with psychiatric illness who took psychiatric medications compared to non-medicated women with psychiatric illness. However, more, high quality studies are needed in this area to determine if there is an association between psychiatric medication use and maternal metabolic outcomes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Database: Medline Risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in women treated or not treated with mood stabilisers for bipolar disorder: Population based cohort study Author(s): Bodén, Robert; Lundgren, Maria; Brandt, Lena; Reutfors, Johan; Andersen, Morton; Kieler, Helle Source: BMJ: British Medical Journal; Nov 2012; vol. 345 Publication Date: Nov 2012 Publication Type(s): Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Journal Article Available in full text at The BMJ from Highwire Press Abstract:Objective: To investigate the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes for treated and untreated bipolar disorder during pregnancy. Design: Population based cohort study using data from national health registers. Setting: Sweden. Participants: 332 137 women with a last menstrual period anytime after 1 July 2005 and giving birth anytime before the end of 31 December 2009. Women with a record of at least two bipolar diagnoses were identified and grouped as treated (n = 320)— those who had filled a prescription for mood stabilisers (lithium, antipsychotics, or anticonvulsants) during pregnancy—or untreated (n = 554). Both groups were compared with all other women giving birth (n = 331 263). Main outcome measures: Preterm birth, mode of labour initiation, gestational diabetes, infants born small or large for gestational age, neonatal morbidity, and congenital malformations. Results: Of the untreated women, 30.9% (n = 171) were induced or had a planned caesarean delivery compared with 20.7% (n = 68 533) without bipolar disorder (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 1.90). The corresponding values for the treated women were 37.5% (n = 120) (2.12, 1.68 to 2.67). The risks of preterm birth in both treated and untreated women were increased by 50%. Of the untreated women, 3.9% (n = 542) had a microcephalic infant compared with 2.3% (324 844) of the women without bipolar disorder (1.68, 1.07 to 2.62). The corresponding values for the treated women were 3.3% (n = 311) (1.26, 0.67 to 2.37). Similar trends were observed for risks of infants being small for gestational age infants for weight and length. Among infants of untreated women, 4.3% (n = 24) had neonatal hypoglycaemia compared with 2.5% (n = 8302) among infants of women without bipolar disorder (1.51, 1.04 to 2.43), and 3.4% (n = 11) of the treated women (1.18, 0.64 to 2.16). The analyses of variation in outcomes did not support any significant differences between treated and untreated women. Conclusions: Bipolar disorder in women during pregnancy, whether treated or not, was associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract) Database: PsycINFO Antipsychotics during pregnancy-risk of fetal and maternal metabolic side effects Author(s): Lundgren M.; Kieler H.; Brandt L.; Reutfors J.; Boden R. Source: Hormone Research in Paediatrics; Sep 2012; vol. 78 ; p. 45 Publication Date: Sep 2012 Publication Type(s): Journal: Conference Abstract Available in full text at Hormone Research in Paediatrics from ProQuest Abstract:Background: Despite the well-known risk of adverse metabolic effects caused by antipsychotics there is little knowledge concerning maternal and fetal effects related to such medication during pregnancy. Objective: To investigate effects of maternal use of antipsychotics during pregnancy on gestational diabetes and risk of fetal macrosomia. Methods: Data were obtained from Swedish national health registers. All women giving birth in Sweden between 2006 and 2009 were included. Exposure to medication was defined as pharmacy claims during pregnancy of any of the following two groups of antipsychotics: drugs with the most severe metabolic side effects, olanzapine or clozapine (n=169), and other antipsychotic drugs (n=338). The exposure groups were compared to the non-exposed population (n=357 696). Results: Exposure to olanzapine or clozapine was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.12-5.13) as was exposure to other antipsychotics (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.64-4.70), compared to women not exposed. Women exposed to antipsychotics had an increased risk of giving birth to infants small for gestational age (SGA) for weight; the OR for olanzapine or clozapine was 2.42 (95% CI 1.24-4.70) and for other antipsychotics 2.11 (95% CI 1.29-3.47). Further, fetuses exposed to other antipsychotics had a higher risk of being born SGA for length (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.41-3.73) and microcephaly (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.62). The risks for birth of SGA-infants decreased after adjustment for maternal factors. There was no increased risk of being born large for gestational age for weight and length for infants exposed to olanzapine or clozapine, but there was an increased risk of a macrocephaly (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.38-4.88). Conclusions: Women using antipsychotics during pregnancy had a higher risk of gestational diabetes and of giving birth to an SGA infant. Exposure to the most metabolically adverse antipsychotic drugs was not associated with fetal macrosomia.


When digital data is sent over a wireless channel, transmission errors may occur. These errors are for instance caused by interferences in the channel. To improve the performance of the communication link, error detection and correction codes are used. Before starting implementing this link, a well-considered choice of forward error correction (FEC) is very important. In this article instructions are given to help finding the right error correction code for a specific application. After an introduction on channel models, the typical errors introduced by these channels are given. The efficiency of error correction codes, like Reed Solomon and convolutional codes, is tested by means of simulations. First we look at the performance of forward error correction codes for different channels. Based on the properties of both, the channel and the error correction code, we explain the simulation results.. In this way, a guideline for the choice of a FEC code is presented.


The traditional design and development of metallic alloys has – to date – taken a hill-climbing approach, with incremental advances. Throughout the last century, aluminium (Al) alloy design has been essentially empirical and iterative, based on lessons learned from in-service use and human experience. Incremental alloy development is costly, slow, and doesn't fully harness the of data that exists in the field of Al-alloy metallurgy. In the present work, an attempt has been made to utilise a data science approach to develop a machine learning (ML) model for Al-alloy design. An objective-optimisation process has also been developed, to exploit the ML model, for user experience and practical application. A successful model was developed and presented herein, along with the open-access software.


We investigated the in situ STM images sequentially at the same places of Ag and Au electrodes in a 0.1 M KCl solution, as a function of a potentiostatic voltage. For the Ag electrode, by decreasing the potential, we found that the surface corrugation of the electrode varies suddenly from a flat to a rough surface around the calculated equilibrium potential of AgCl formation/reduction processes. We also found another phenomenon whereby the surface of the Ag electrode becomes more and more smooth with decreasing potential. We supposed this phenomenon to be a rearrangement of the Ag surface caused by the desorption of Cl- specific adions from the active sites. We also found that the roughness of Au surface depends on the potentiostatic voltage. This result seems to be related with the anodic dissolution/reduction processes and the desorption of Cl- specific adions.


We study static black hole solutions in scalar tensor gravity. We present exact solutions in hiperextended models with a quadratic scalar potential.


【Objective】The study was conducted to provide the technology for producing the fermented beverage of apricot juice,which used a new pathway of apricot processing.【Method】Apricot juice(cv.Lanzhoudajie) was used as the raw material to process the beverage fermented with two mixed yeasts。【Result】Results showed that the rate of sugar reduction and fermentation increased as long with the increase of temperature.At the same temperature,no significant difference was found in fermentation rate,the content of titratable acid and alcohol when pH at 3.5 to 4.0.Single dried active yeast power(Fali yeast) had a more rapid sugar reduction and a higher fermentation rate than that of mixed dried active yeast power(Fali yeast) and fruit wine yeast(Saccharomyces fruit).The titratable acid content increased during early stage and decreased during late stage at different temperature conditions.The fermented one had a little more titratable acid content than that in the juice【.Conclusion】The optimum condition of fermentation was as 25℃ for 20h,pH 3.5,3% of inoculums amount and 1:3 ratio of dried active yeast power and fruit wine yeast.


Chronic kidney failure is characterized by the degeneration of the progressive and irreversible nephron mass of the kidneys. The final stage kidney failure is accepted as the utmost point reached. At this point, it becomes necessary to deploy one of the renal replacement treatments, including the hemodialysis, peritoneum or transplantation, in order to sustain the life of the patient. Hemodialysis is still the most widespread method in the world, used for the kidney failure. It has been observed during the studies conducted that an effective hemodialysis reduces morbidity and mortality. In the studies we have carried out, the blood parameters belonging to the dialysis patients in the province of Kütahya and in its surrounding on before and after the dialysis have been inspected. According to before of the hemodialysis, after the hemodialysis samples of our blood has been observed significantly falling in the value of urea, creatinine, Na and K (p < 0.01, for Na; p < 0.0001, for the other parameters).


The paper introduces the selection of SVM models including kernel functions and multi-class methods.The SVM with a RBF kernel function and One-against-one multi-class method is the best classifier for gesture identification.The experiments result shows that the recognition rate is high,we can applying this method to a real time gesture recognition system.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. The modifiability of CKD-associated CV risk in patients with T2D across a spectrum of CKD stages remains unknown.

 To test whether CKD, as defined jointly by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR]), is a modifiable CV risk factor in patients with T2D. Furthermore, to estimate the population-wide reduction in first CV events in the US if all eligible patients were treated with finerenone.

 We estimated the incidence rates of CV events (composite of CV death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalisation for heart failure) over a median follow-up of 3.0 years in 13,026 patients with CKD and T2D, treated with finerenone or placebo, in a joint analysis by eGFR and UACR categories. Patients were from FIDELITY, a prespecified pooled analysis of two phase III trials, and had an eGFR ≥25 ml/min/1.73 m2 and UACR 30–5000 mg/g at screening.The potential impact of finerenone treatment on the US population was evaluated by simulating the number of first CV events that could be prevented per year with finerenone, using incidence rates from FIDELITY and prevalence rates of CKD in patients with T2D from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

 Lower eGFR and higher UACR categories were associated with higher incidences of CV events in finerenone and placebo recipients (Figure). Finerenone reduced CV risk versus placebo (hazard ratio 0.86; 95% CI 0.78–0.95; p=0.0018) without evidence of moderation of risk reduction by combined eGFR and UACR categories (p interaction = 0.66; Figure 1). Using NHANES, a total of 6.4 million treatment-eligible individuals with CKD and T2D were identified; 75% had CKD with an eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 25% had CKD with an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Simulations using this NHANES population projected that 1 year of finerenone treatment could prevent 38,359 CV events in US patients with CKD and T2D, with 66% of events prevented in patients with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2.

 Higher albuminuria and lower eGFR are associated with increased CV risk in patients with T2D. Across a range of eGFR and albuminuria categories, CV risk is modifiable. Therefore, CKD is a modifiable CV risk factor in part mediated by mineralocorticoid receptor overactivation. UACR screening to identify patients with T2D and albuminuria with an eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 is likely to provide a significant opportunity for population benefits.

 Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Bayer AG


Everything you need to know to make the most of the Library at Watkins Instruction and research assistance is available in the library!


Objective To investigate the relationship between heart rate variability and carotid atherosclerosis involved or not involved carotid sinus in the aged.Method 95 patients were divided into two groups according to whether there was carotid atherosclerosis or not(group of carotid atherosclerosis,and group of carotid non-atherosclerosis).Both groups accepted Holter examination.In control group,50 of patients aged 60-75 years old showed no abnormal findings in blood glucose and lipid laboratory examination,x ray chest,and cervical vessels color Doppler examination.In group of carotid atherosclerosis,totally 45 patients aged 62-83 and 31 of them with atherosclerotic plaque at carotid sinus.GE System Five Color Doppler Ultrasound scanner and three-channels Holter of model DMPv were used,parameters such as SDNN,SDANN,SDNNIndex,rMSSD,and PNN50% were obtained.Results SDNN and SDANN were significant lower in patients with carotid atherosclerosis plaque than those in patients without carotid atherosclerosis plaque(P0.05 and P0.01),and SDNN,rMSSD in those with carotid sinus atherosclerosis were also significant lower than those without carotid sinus atherosclerosis.Conclusion There was autonomic nerve system injury in patients with carotid atherosclerosis involved sinus.


Historically, Billroth II gastrectomy was the predominant surgically altered anatomy that fostered challenging endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures. Multiple studies reported excellent ERCP success using duodenoscope and forward viewing endoscopes including gastroscope and colonoscope in patients with Billroth II anatomy. In recent years, in response to the obesity pandemic in the United States, bariatric surgery has been on the rise and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has become the preferred bariatric surgical method. RYGB anatomy poses a major challenge for endoscopists when biliary or pancreatic duct access is required given the long (often>100 cm) roux limb that must be traversed in order to reach the papilla. Roux-en-Y reconstruction is also commonly performed after gastrectomy or as part of choledochojejunostomy but such patients have shorter roux limbs compared to RYGB patients. ERCP procedures in rouxen-Y anatomy are among the most technically difficult and time consuming procedures performed by Gastroenterologists. There are a variety of strategies available for endoscopists to perform ERCP in patients with roux-en Y anatomy safely and effectively. This article reviews several of these strategies with an emphasis on those patients post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.


Spatial Statistics and Point Processes.- Basic Ideas ofSpatial Statistics.- Stationary Models in Stochastic Geometry - Palm Distributions as Distributions of Typical Elements. An Approach Without Limits.- Statistical Analysis of Large-Scale Structure in the Universe.- Dynamics ofStructure Formation in Thin Liquid Films: A Special Spatial Analysis.- Integral Geometry and Morphology of Patterns.- Mixed Measures and Inhomogeneous Boolean Models.- Additivity, Convexity, and Beyond: Applications of Minkowski Functionals in Statistical Physics.- Considerations About the Estimation ofthe Size Distribution in Wicksell's Corpuscle Problem.- Local Porosity Theory and Stochastic Reconstruction for Porous Media.- Stochastic Models as Tools for the Analysis of Decomposition and Crystallisation Phenomena in Solids.- Phase Transitions and Simulations of Hard Particles.- Phase Transition and Percolation in Gibbsian Particle Models.- Fun with Hard Spheres.- Finite Packings and Parametric Density.- A Primer on Perfect Simulation.- Grand Canonical Simulations ofHard-Disk Systems by Simulated Tempering.- Dynamic Triangulations for Granular Media Simulations.


The chemical-enzymatic synthesis of a gene for IgG-binding fragment of the staphylococcal protein A has been carried out. The design of the gene, which consists of signal peptide and modified E and B domains, and strategy of the synthesis provided possibility of various degrees of polymerization of the gene fragment coding for B domain and of the whole gene. Several protein A-like polypeptides composed of the leader sequence, E domain and 1 to 4 copies of B domain were produced in E. coli cells under the lac promoter control.


Direct measurement of mean vertical velocities in the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere (60–110 km) is not possible due to their small values. Here we derive vertical velocities using the divergence of the mean meridional wind over the Antarctic summer pole using MF radar wind measurements made at Davis Station (69°S, 78°E) between 1994 and 2018. Estimates of vertical velocity are restricted to a 21‐day period centered just after solstice when the equatorward wind reaches its maximum value of about 15 m s−1 at heights near 90 km. The Medium Frequency (MF) radar winds are calibrated against colocated meteor wind radar observations. Neutral densities required for the vertical wind calculations are obtained from zonally averaged temperature measurements obtained by the MLS instrument aboard the AURA satellite. The estimated vertical velocities have peak values varying between 2 and 6 cm s−1 with significant interannual variability. While the peak values do not show significant long‐term change, there is a long‐term decrease in the mean height of maximum winds of about 0.6 km per decade that is statistically significant. The interannual variability is linked to the date of transition in the stratospheric zonal circulation from winter eastward to summer westward flow. Meridional and vertical velocities are smaller and peak at lower altitudes during early transitions (20–30 days prior to solstice) than is the case for late transitions that occur at solstice or later.


In multi-agent coordination, one would normally like to find a satisfactory solution that is stable, fair and optimal to all agents. According to traditional game theory, Prisoner's dilemma, no or more than one Nash equilibrium games are situations that are difficult to find such a satisfactory solution. In human society, it often involves a trusted third party in the negotiation process among agents to ensure the cooperation and commitment of agents. In this paper, we describe how the trusted third party can be involved in the negotiation of multi-agent coordination to deal with many difficult game situations. We introduce two communication actions into the traditional game-theoretical reasoning: asking guarantee and offering compensation for agents to use in negotiation. Asking guarantee from agents and depositing it at the trusted third party can ensure the agents to keep their commitments, while offering compensation can allow finding a fair and compromised solution for all agents. We show how the negotiation communication protocols can be proceeded using these two communication actions to reach a compromised and stable agreement in all different game situations.


University student leaders are an important workforce in the ideological construction.They play an important role in promoting the educational undertakings and the construction of spiritual civilization.Yet,how to guarantee the effectiveness of their work still remains a problem.Hence,this article sets out to discuss the effective ways of supervising them in three aspects:pre training,inservice instruction and supervision.


Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to treat different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. However, GC may lead to the development of many adverse reactions (ARs): hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolic disturbances, sleep apnea, osteoporosis, myopathy, and coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders, which are components of the Itsenko – Cushing syndrome. ARs induced by GCs are known to depend on their composition, route of administration, dose, and duration of treatment. However, the major pathogenic mechanisms of ARs are not clearly defined. There is evidence suggesting a role for imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation, and its possible association with nitric oxide, prostanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane), angiotensin II, vasopressin, arginine, endothelins, catecholamines, neuropeptides Y, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Enhanced oxidative stress, activated reninangiotensin system, escalating pressor response, metabolic syndrome, and sleep apnea also make their contribution. It could be ideal to discontinue GC treatment; but this is most commonly impossible because of a further disease exacerbation. In addition, it is necessary to carefully plan the choice of the dose, time, and route of administration of GCs and to evaluate each AR. The design of a GC with marked anti-inflammatory activity and insignificant metabolic effects must hold a central position in its researches.


For heating of turbulent falling films at large Pr, the resistance to heat transfer exists almost entirely in the viscous sublayer near the wall, with the outer fully turbulent region being virtually isothermal. In this note, an approximate relation for the heat transfer coefficient is derived for heating or cooling of a fully turbulent falling film at high Prandtl number. The analysis used to determine the heat transfer correlation incorporates the high Prandtl number assumption in a manner similar to that of Sandall et al. (1984). However, the present analysis differs in that it accounts for the known variation of turbulent Prandtl number with distance from the wall. Sandall et al. (1984) assumed that the turbulent Prandtl number is constant across the film. The heat transfer coefficients predicted by the correlation obtained here are found to agree well with experimental data for heating of liquid films at moderate and high values of Prandtl number.


ATP-binding SNP, polymorphism; P-gp, P-glycoprotein; kidney cells; Abstract Previous studies have shown that the V12M and Q141K variants of BCRP can affect expression and function of the transporter. In this study, the effects of the I206L, N590Y and D620N variants on protein expression, plasma membrane localization and transport activity of BCRP were investigated. Wild-type BCRP and the three variants were stably expressed in HEK cells. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that the three variants were predominantly routed to the plasma membrane of HEK cells. The expression level of I206L in the plasma membrane was approximately 45% of that of wild-type protein, while the N590Y and D620N levels were increased approximately 3.6-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, as determined by immunoblotting. All the three variants transported mitoxantrone, pheophorbide a and BODIPY-prazosin. After normalization for differences in BCRP expression, I206L, N590Y and D620N exhibited approximately 2-fold, 0.3-fold, and 0.5-fold wild-type efflux activities, respectively. The variants also conferred resistance to mitoxantrone and topotecan. Mitoxantrone and topotecan resistance by I206L and N590Y was approximately 2-fold and 0.3-fold of the wild-type BCRP resistance levels, respectively. While D620N conferred a similar topotecan resistance as the wild-type protein, its level of mitoxantrone resistance was decreased by 50%. After normalization to BCRP expression levels, ATPase activities of I206L were not significantly different from those of wild-type protein, whereas N590Y and D620N exhibited approximately 30% and 50% of wild-type ATPase activities, respectively. These results suggest that I206L has the lowest protein expression and the highest activity, while N590Y and D620N display higher expression and lower activity, relative to wild-type BCRP. the phycoerythrin-conjugated mouse IgG2b as a negative control for 30 min at room temperature. Cells were then washed once with PBS and placed on ice in the dark until analyzed. Within one hour, cells were analyzed on a BD FACSCAN flow cytometer equipped with a 488 nm argon laser and 585 nm bandpass filter. Ten thousand (10 4 ) events were collected. Cell debris was eliminated by gating on forward versus side scatter. The differences in phycoerythrin fluorescence between cells incubated with the 5D3 and the control antibodies were used to express the relative cell surface expression levels of wild-type BCRP and its variants.


ABSTRACTJanos von Ertl, Sr., originally described a transtibial amputation technique in 1949 in which he created a cortical synostosis induced by a flap of periosteum from the tibia. One modern modification of this method includes the use of a bridging fibular bone block secured with an internal fixation screw. This procedure provides amputees a more stable, less painful load-bearing residual limb. Between 2004 and 2008, we identified four patients who had a transtibial amputation using the modified Ertl technique with screw fixation of the bridging bone block. Late complications occurred, including irritation over the distal fibula and painful bursa formation with eventual skin breakdown. Obtaining a radiograph of the residual limb to assess the bony structure and hardware placement allows earlier diagnosis of the problem. The main focus of this case series is to inform prosthetists and other healthcare providers about this cause of distal lateral irritation of the residual limb in transtibial amputees who underwent the Ertl transtibial amputation with a distal tibia-to-fibula fusion.


By definition distance education courses are independent of the distance between the instructor and student. Web-based distance education courses are also independent of time except for things like synchronous Chat. This paper describes a web based distance education computer science course that has another type of independence, programming language independence. The paper also includes a description of how to extend most web-based computer science courses to accommodate multiple programming languages. A list of some of the problems encountered in the development of the course and how the problems were solved is also included. The final topic of the paper discusses how the same ideas are being used to ease the transition from Office 97 to Office 2000 in a web-based course on productivity software.


Moral formation of teenagers is examined by forming the correspondent motivation meaning sphere of the personality. By motivation -meaning sphere characteristics the teenagers with and without physical defects are compared. The socio-psychological peculiarities of moral development of teenagers with special needs are shown up.


An algorithm and first results from investigations in automatically learning pronunciation variations from speech data are presented. Pronunciation dictionaries establish an important feature in state-of-the-art speech recognition systems. In most systems only simple dictionaries containing the canonical pronunciation forms are implemented. However, for a good recognition performance more sophisticated dictionaries including pronunciation variations are essential. The generation of such dictionaries by hand is an extremely time consuming task, and the introduction of errors and inconsistencies is probable. The authors show an approach for automatically generating suitable pronunciation dictionaries from the speech database itself, as they are desirable not only for speech recognition tasks but also for speech technology and phonologic research in general. The only knowledge sources besides the database are the (unlabeled) signals and their transliterations on word level. First experiments yielding promising results have been performed with the software system DataLab, which integrates the recognition system of the TU Dresden.


The way in which environmental conditions determine the distribution and abundance of species is a crucial topic in ecology, biogeography and conservation. It is especially important to understand the nature of this relationship regarding threatened species. The ability to forecast local densities over the geographic range of species provides a way to link population ecology and biogeography. Particularly, our aim was to test whether predictions derived from species distribution modelling data provide useful information on spatial patterns of abundance and, consequently, may act as surrogates for local density estimates.


Continuous ink jet (CIJ) technology has emerged as an industrial work horse in a wide variety of applications from production serial number printing, to sophisticated "ondemand" printing applications. This paper will discuss the major CIJ technology types and their operation, along with some of the challenges which must be overcome for this technology to achieve its potential in the printing marketplace. The central notion behind continuous ink jet is to create stream(s) of uniform drops which can be charged individually. Then, a downstream electric field can be used to separate print drops from drops to be discarded. The unused drops are typically called "catch drops." They are either discarded as waste, or recycled. The most unique aspect of the system is that only the image touches the substrate. This attribute enables the flexibility of CIJ systems which is responsible for much of the advantage of CIJ in the industrial marking industry. Successful application of CIJ is dependent upon creation of a synchronous stream of uniformly spaced and sized droplets. A stream of drops has less surface area than a circular jet of fluid, so the effects of surface tension inherently disintegrate a jet into a series of drops. Naturally occurring jet breakup, such as is seen in a low speed stream from a faucet is driven by random effects, such as noise. It is a simple matter to make the disintegration, or breakup, of the stream highly regular by imposing stimulation , a mechanical vibration of the surface of the jet at its resonant frequency. When the breakup is highly regular, the break-off point of the jet can be placed near an electrode, so that individual drops can be independently charged. Then, a downstream electric field can be used to sort different drops into different trajectories. There are two commercially important CIJ types, classified by the drop selection methodology. Multi-deflection and continuous ink jet systems are illustrated in Figure 1. Both CIJ types embody the same technology elements, a drop generator, a charging system, a deflection system, a catcher system and an ink recirculation system. In the multideflection process, drops are charged and deflected to various charge levels. This enables a single jet to print a small image swath. In the binary process, drops are either charged and (typically) caught, or left uncharged and allowed to strike the substrate. In the binary process charging is simplified, but a single jet can only print a single pixel line. Imaging an area is accomplished with an array of jets, or by mechanically moving the jet relative to the substrate. Figure 1. Types of continuous ink jet showing common technology components


The invention relates to a device and to a method wherein access to a patient, in particular access to vessels, can be monitored during extracorporeal blood treatment during which a loop (27) is formed in the arterial and/or venous line (6, 7). Inventive means (26) for fixing a section of the line in the form of a loop are provided. When the line is stressed under tension, the loop contracts until the line finally kinks. The modification of the diameter of the line and finally the formation of a kink in the line leads to a rise of pressure in the line, which is monitored by a pressure monitoring device. If the pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the aspirating cannula is in danger of slipping out of the vessel access, has partially or has completely slipped out thus allowing the threshold value to be determined for prealarms or alarms.


Abstract RATIONALE: Quality indicators have been published for the management of sleep-disordered breathing, but the extent to which quality of care is measured by Canadian sleep centers is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to characterize the measurement of healthcare quality as reported by Canadian sleep centers. METHODS We performed a national online survey of Canadian sleep centers. Surveys were distributed by Canadian respiratory and sleep specialty societies. Respondents reporting formal quality measurement were contacted to complete telephone interviews that characterized the process through which quality was assessed. Questions explored the indicators used, the process by which quality data was collected and reported and barriers and facilitators to effective quality measurement. Quality indicators were categorized based on the aspect of clinical care being evaluated and classified using the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) quality dimensions (safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, equitable) and Donabedian's structure-process-outcome framework. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-four survey responses were received, of which 20 sleep centers reported formal quality measurement. Interviews with 19 of these centers identified 61 indicators that were classified into 11 unique categories. The IOM dimensions of patient-centeredness, effectiveness and timeliness were most common while no centers evaluated equity and only one center measured efficiency. All centers used process measures, while most used outcome measures and only one used a structural quality measure. CONCLUSIONS Among Canadian sleep centers that report formally assessing healthcare quality, measurement was highly variable. These findings highlight the need to identify and mitigate barriers to quality measurement to improve sleep-disordered breathing care.


Accurate annotation of construction disturbance outline greatly influences the evaluation quality in interpretation application. While the loss functions used in semantic segmentation nowadays are difficult to reflect the contour information. Therefore, this paper proposes a RA U-Net(Residual Attention U-Net) construction disturbance interpretation. The model uses an exactly defined Contour Loss(CL) as the loss function. This function could reflect the local segmentation information of each element by extracting and transferring contour features into the weight matrix. Moreover, this paper modifies the CL function to make it suitable for construction disturbance interpretation. The experiments on M-nih Massachusetts Building Dataset and Construction Disturbance Dataset labeled manually show the capability of the proposed function in remote sensing interpretation. The proposed model has been used for the Soil and Water Conservation project supervised by the local government. And the IoU increased 1.85% maximum than binary cross-entropy(BCE) on Mnih Massachusetts Building Dataset.


The system uses a geographic information system to analyze and monitor traffic congestion and use GPS data for public transport planning in Yangon, Myanmar. The system provides accurate maps for estimating traffic conditions more efficiently from GPS data, saving more time. The proposed system displays changes in the position, distance and direction of vehicles traveling on the streets of Yangon by using traffic state and routing pattern algorithm. There established centralized GPS server database infrastructure provides any kind of analysis that requires GPS traffic data stored in a distributed client-server environment. In this system, a statement of user desired traffic jams between the source and destination is estimated and the results are presented with a Map. This system is for analyzing traffic data, avoiding traffic congestion and obtaining optimal routes with a modified A* algorithm. GPS data (current location) and user search area using the K-d tree and Haversine algorithm are required. Second, look for traffic jam data with Google's traffic layer and the routing matrix pattern algorithm. Finally, Analysis the traffic by Smart-A* and then show the result of traffic congestion statement and best optimal route. In the case, there are three main components: Data Collection, Data Extraction and Implementation. And this is Client-Server database system that storing the data and server in the cloud Virtual Machine (VM).


Long-range land surveillance is a critical need in numerous military and civilian security applications, such as threat detection, terrain mapping and disaster prevention. A key technology for land surveillance, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) continues to provide high resolution radar images in all weather conditions from remote distances. Recently, Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and Differential Interferometric SAR (D-InSAR) have become powerful tools adding high resolution elevation and change detection measurements. State of the art SAR systems based on dual-use satellites are capable of providing ground resolutions of one meter; while their airborne counterparts obtain resolutions of 10 cm. DInSAR products based on these systems can produce cm-scale vertical resolution image products. Certain land surveillance applications such as land subsidence monitoring, landslide hazard prediction and tactical target tracking could benefit from improved resolution. The ultimate limitation to the achievable resolution of any imaging system is its wavelength. State-of-the art SAR systems are approaching this limit. The natural extension to improve resolution is to thus decrease the wavelength, i.e. design a synthetic aperture system in a different wavelength regime. One such system offering the potential for vastly improved resolution is Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL). This system operates at infrared wavelengths, ten thousand times smaller radar wavelengths. This paper discusses an initial investigation into a concept for an airborne SAL specifically aiming at land surveillance. The system would operate at 1.55 μm and would integrate an optronic processor on-board to allow for immediate transmission of the high resolution images to the end-user on the ground. Estimates of the size and weight, as well as the resolution and processing time are given.


The purpose of this study was to explore foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) of Thai EFL high school students and discover a significant difference of the foreign language anxiety among students in terms of group and gender. Six hundred and five Thai EFL learners from different educational backgrounds of English language teaching and learning: (a) Mini English Program (MEP), (b) Gifted Program, and (c) Normal program, completed a 33-item Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCA). The findings revealed that the students have moderate level of foreign language classroom anxiety, and indicated significant differences for group but not gender.


[Objective] This study aimed to select SSR molecular markers linked to flesh color around the stone of Prunus persica(L.) Batsch.[Method] P.persica(L.) Batsch varieties Chongyanghong and Jinbao were used as parents to construct F1 orthogonal group.138 F1 individuals were selected as experimental materials for construction of color around the stone gene pool(B1) and non-color around the stone gene pool(B2) by using bulked segregant analysis(BSA) method,molecular markers linked to the flesh color around the stone of P.persica(L.) Batsch were selected with SSR molecular marker technology.[Result] After selection with 256 pairs of SSR primers,three pairs of molecular markers linked to the gene controlling flesh color around the stone of P.persica(L.) Batsch were selected(UDP96-003,ch04g09 and UDP97-402).In addition,genetic distances of the three molecular markers with the gene controlling flesh color around the stone of P.persica(L.) Batsch were calculated,which were 16.7,10.1 and 17.0 cM,respectively.[Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further selection of co-dominant molecular markers with closer genetic distance.


Abstract We use standard tools of the theory of dynamical systems such as phase plots, bifurcation diagrams and basins of attraction to analyse and understand the dynamic behaviour of a typical aerofoil section under dynamic stall conditions. The structural model is linear and the aerodynamic loading is represented by the Leishman-Beddoes semi-empirical dynamic stall model. The loads given by this model are nonlinear and non-smooth, therefore we have integrated the equation of motion using a Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) algorithm equipped with event detection. We perform simulations of the motion for a range of Mach numbers and show that the model is very sensitive to small variations. This is evidenced by the presence in the bifurcation diagram of co-existing attractors or, in other words, by the existence of more than one steady-state motion for a given Mach number. The mechanisms for the appearance and disappearance of the co-existing attractors are elucidated by analysing the evolution of their basins of attraction as the Mach number changes.


A variety of epidemiological studies have suggested a U‐shaped association between alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis progression and incidence events. Moderate intake of alcohol is considered beneficial, whereas heavy drinking increases cardiovascular disease risk.


The present invention provides a method for forming a frame pattern display substrate, comprising the steps of: the separation membrane comprises the non-pattern part adhering to the substrate; coating on the panel in the ink composition and at least one border printing patterns; and removing the substrate from the separation membrane.


Abstract: In this paper, we study the synchronization of three chaotic T-system with known and unknown parameters. The nonlinear feedback control and adaptive control schemes are used for synchronization with known and unknown parameters respectively. In unknown parameter case, each of systems has two unknown parameters and one known parameter. The stability of synchronization of three system is proved using Lyapunov stability theorem. Also, we use the synchronization of three chaotic systems with unknown parameters in secure communication via masking method. In secure communication, known parameters, unknown parameters, an affine combination of states, and coefficients are used for encryption and decryption. Numerical simulations are shown the effectiveness and feasibility of presented method.


In the robot soccer system,the environmental information around the robot is characterized in colors.On the analysis of the color threshold segmentation,an improved algorithm practicable in different color environments is proposed to realize the identification of objects in different colors in the field through omni-direction vision and front monocular vision,by the use of which,the robot's object location through the two visions can be realized and then a more accurate object location can be achieved by combining the information from the two visions through Kalman filter algorithm.Experimental results prove the feasibility and validity of this algorithm which improves the accuracy of medium-and-long-distance object location.


Russia has a very rich natural agricultural endowment and a large internal market. The benefits that could be derived from a well managed threeto five-year program of agricultural adjustment are substantial. The needed adjustment is very large, however, because a legacy of inefficient enterprises, distorted prices, and inappropriate technology stands between the sector now and its natural potential. Successful agricultural adjustment will require continued simultaneous momentum in three areas:


The restoration of the function of standing and walking in children with severe neurological diseases, deficit of muscle activity, coordination of movements and orthostatic instability is called a difficult urgent problem. The orthopaedic means, compensating for the absent function of weight-bearing capacity and walking, include hinged orthosis systems on  the lower extremities and vertebral column, parapodium, reciprocal orthosis complex and reciprocal orthoses with different modifications; they provide back-and-forth walking, which is equivalent to the natural one. The author states that, when rehabilitating seriously ill neurological patients with marked restrictions of their physical abilities, the above orthopaedic technique means improve these patients' ability to stand and walk and postpone the moment of their complete dependence on the wheelchair. The use of such means is a promising direction in this field.


This volume contains a collection of six essays prepared by the individuals who participated on a Special Task Group for the NRC for the purpose of identifying and proposing goals (or guiding principles) for the regulation of radioactive waste management. Separate abstracts were prepared for all six essays.


Video Super-Resolution(SR) is the method of reconstructing high resolution (HR) image frames by increasing the spatial resolution of low resolution (LR) image counterparts. SR has tremendous applications in the fields of satellite imaging, face recognition, defense, medical imaging and restoration etc. In this paper, we propose a technique of motion compensation between consecutive frames in LR video and pass as an input to our deep convolution neural network(CNN) model of 25 weight layers. The model is trained on both space and time dimension of LR-HR database. Consecutive HR frames are reconstructed by adding the sub-pixel motion vectors to super-resolved HR frame. We observed that over 97% of computation time is spend on convolution, so the convolution filter operation is parallelized in CNN model by using novel GPU optimization methods and achieved a speed up factor of 1000X over CPU. On using the gradient clipping technique of [1], the convergence rate of training model is boosted. We train the model using multi-scale LR-HR frames thereby achieving multi up-scale factor. We justify our proposed method by comparing our experimental results with current SR algorithms.


We implemented distribution matching and dematching (DM/invDM) on an FPGA in a back-to-back configuration, for the first time demonstrating very low BERs. At a post-FEC BER of 1.5×10 –15 , a BER after invDM of 1.6×10 –14 was measured.


Along with initial observations, our regular lidar temperature measurements over Fort Collins, CO (41°N, 105°W) in the rarely probed mesopause region has resulted in a unique seven‐year data set between 1990 and 1997. After the seasonal variations are removed, a clear episodic warming is observable in the time series of residual temperatures. Least squares fitting the residual temperatures to an episodic impact function plus a linear trend shows maximum temperature increases occurring in 1993 with magnitudes of 9.0±1.7 K and 12.9±1.8 K, at 86 km and 100 km, respectively. By association, we attribute the Mount Pinatubo eruption in June, 1991, as the most probable primary cause for the observed warming, supporting a connection between tropical stratospheric aerosol and temperatures in a midlatitude mesopause region. It is hoped that our lidar observation from a single location will stimulate similar investigations at other latitudes and longitudes.


This paper describes the configuration space representation of mechanical function and shows how it supports the design of micro-mechanisms. The domain characteristics of curved geometry, joint play, and custom joints render traditional design tools inappropriate, but configuration spaces can model these characteristics. They represent the quantitative and the qualitative aspects of kinematic function in a concise geometric format that helps designers visualize system function under a range of operating conditions, find and correct design flaws, study joint play, and optimize performance. The approach is demonstrated on a surface micromachined counter meshing gear discrimination device developed at Sandia National Laboratories.


Abstract: This paper presents a novel simulation model of the Cyber Process Control System (CPCS) by combining pattern recognition and Cloud Computing (CC). This paper's originality arises from its aim to build a cloud computing platform for autonomous machines, and the exploration of manufacturing data to generate interpretable patterns to be used in process control decision making. The combining of Cloud technology and machine learning brings production to Industry 4.0. The proposed system is tested using data Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) routing process. The little information available about the manufacturing process of this type of material and the interaction between the production steps makes the manufacturing process quite difficult. This system generates interpretable rules of controllable operating parameters sent to the controller to keep the machining process within the limits of the specifications. The second step is activated during the drifting conditions in the machining step. Also, the simulation of the machining process is illustrated to generate the relations between input and output variables of the machining process. The findings of the corrective actions are illustrated and the interaction between the two industrial steps is simulated. Finally, current and future CPCS and CC applications in Industry 4.0 are discussed.


Michelle Arrow reviews Surf City: Getting Radical in the 50s, 60s and 70s , Gary Crockett, curator. Museum of Sydney, 24 September –17 March 2012. Entry: $10 general, $5 concession, $20 family. Exhibition website: http://blogs.hht.net.au/surfcity/


Existing technologies and modern technical means do not always provide the required quality of technological processes of growing crops. The growing demands in a competitive market environment necessitate the constant improvement of existing and the creation of new high-performance machines and machine units to ensure the quality of technological processes in precision farming systems.
The article presents improved theoretical principles of practical applied direction of agricultural materials MOVEMENT in air and liquid environments under the action of gravitational field.
As a result of research using a fundamental analytical and mathematical apparatus, an algorithmic model has been developed that describes the movement of: seeds or mineral fertilizers on the way from seed drills to furrows, which are formed in the soil after the passage of seed drill openers; grain that moves from top to bottom in the cleaning systems of combine harvesters or during unloading from the hopper, etc. Such processes and phenomena occur during the production operation of seeders and planters, machines for post-harvest processing of grain, harvesting of roots, fruits, berries, etc.
Particular attention is paid to the fall of raindrops or drops created by irrigation systems. The influence of the impact of drops on the field surface is analyzed, which provides the development of practical recommendations for the prevention of soil erosion, which is especially relevant in fields with difficult terrain. Some technical systems of creating "artificial rain" are considered, their technological schemes are substantiated and constructive and technological parameters are optimized.
The application of the algorithm of mathematical analysis and calculation of technological processes and technical systems provides the necessary conditions for seed germination, growth and development of crops in both plain fields and on sloping lands. In addition, the proposed innovative methods of theoretical analysis and calculation of processes and phenomena characteristic of agro-industrial production can be effectively and used in the educational process during the preparation of agricultural engineers for project professional activities.


Patient involvement or inclusion in medical and healthcare conferences is currently a hot topic [1]. "Patients Included" [2] is a movement that strives to encourage organisers of health conferences to invite patients to the meetings they hold to discuss issues which affect them and ensure they play an active part in them. Patients are included, welcomed and integrated at the ERS International Congress http://ow.ly/UpV8A


tag=1 data=Prescribing heroin: nothing to fear but fear itself? by Alex Wodak

tag=2 data=Wodak, Alex

tag=3 data=Medical Journal of Australia,

tag=4 data=168

tag=5 data=12

tag=6 data=15 June 1998

tag=7 data=590-591.

tag=8 data=DRUGS

tag=10 data='Illicit drug policy based on punitive measures has failed, and it is time to seek a healthcare approach'. Article taken from Inform June 1998.

tag=13 data=CAB


FIELD: winding machinery. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sphere of manipulation with roll materials. In proposed device carrying mandrel is used for automatically receiving the bobbin. Said mandrel gets into central hole of bobbin and is split-secured inside bobbin core. To connect carrying mandrel with bobbin core special clamping yokes are provided which are pushed out from sides providing power and/or geometric closing from inner side of bobbin core. Carrying mandrel is provided with several mechanical check elements indicating incorrect position of carrying mandrel. Photographic camera automatically controls movement of carrying mandrel. EFFECT: improved reliability of transfer of bobbins. 9 cl, 6 dwg


The invention discloses a method for preparing aminoprofen with high purity, which comprises the following steps: (1) esterification and chlorination reaction: ibuprofen represented as formula (II) is reacted with SOCl2 for 4 to 10 hours at a temperature between 60 and 90 DEG C under stirring by using dimethyl formamide as a catalyst in a methylbenzene solvent, the reactants are reduced with pressure and distilled to remove the methylbenzene solvent so as to form an ibuprofen acyl chloride crude product; and (2) amidation reaction: the ibuprofen acyl chloride crude product is dissolved by using CH2Cl2, slowly dropped into a suspension of the CH2Cl2 dissolved with ethanol amine and K2CO3 under an ice bath and then reacted for 6 to 24 hours under room temperature; and after the reaction is finished, the reaction solution is separated and treated to form the aminoprofen represented as formula (I). By adopting the method for preparing the aminoprofen with the high purity, an aminoprofen product has high purity; the purity usually can reach more than 93 percent, even more than 99 percent; the aminoprofen product does not need to be purified again, thus being favorable for medicine production; and the preparation method has high product yield and high raw material utilization ratio, saves cost, has simple preparation processes, and is easy for industrialized production.


Steamed instillation and GC-MS were used to analyze and determine the volatile materials from the bark of Pinus armamdii from Enshi in Hubei province.61 compounds were determined,accounting for 95.37% of the total compounds.According to the overall distribution of the volatile materials,the bark mainly includes such chemical constituents as terpenes 65.77%,aromatic compounds11.91%,alkylates 4.43%,alcohols11.91%,ketone1.89%,Phenol 2.15%.According to the monomeric compounds,the bark mainly includes 3-Carene 23.84%,β-Pinene 18.69 %,α-Pinene 14.74 %,Limonene 4.55%,(+)-4-Carene 2.54%,3-Cyclohexen-1-ol,4-methyl-1-(1-methyethyl)2.02%,Phenol,p-tert-butyl-1.98%.


This paper discusses the high-frequency equilibrium-state capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of a buried-channel MOS capacitor, that is, a MOS capacitor with a thin p-type layer at the surface of an n-type Si substrate. For this device, changing the gate voltage in the negative direction converts the surface p-type layer from a depletion region into an accumulation region (an inversion region for the n-type substrate). The high-frequency characteristics reveal that the capacitance first decreases to a minimum and then saturates after a slight increase. The author discusses the underlying physics of this capacitance minimum, which is a peculiar characteristic of buried-channel MOS capacitors, based on the general relation between the high-frequency capacitance and the depletion layer width. The discussion suggests that the origin of this effect is an ac component of the density distribution of holes that follows the high-frequency signal, even when the total number of holes is unable to track the same signal. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(4): 25–33, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10081


blue whales, feral pigs, reef fish and nesting ducks have in common? Wildlife biologists quickly find that these animals, as well as many others, are impossible to count accurately in the field. Until 15 years ago, only rough estimates of population size and density were available for many species. Now, thanks to the development of distance sampling theory and its practical application, reliable field estimates can be made of many previously uncountable species, including endangered or otherwise important organisms. In October 1996 I was a member of a team surveying the populations of 20 large herbivores in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park (HUP), a fenced game park in South Africa established in 1897. Historically, the park had been the hunting grounds for Zulu rulers and held the last white rhinos whose population had been greatly reduced by European big-game hunters. Today the Natal Parks Board is responsible for managing the animals and plants within its borders, a task requiring accurate


The meaning of The Third cosmic velocity is introduced in this paper .recognized value of the third cosmic speed in textbook is 16.7km / s ,then deduced it. To my analysis, noted that the derivation process is open to discussion, put forward my own derivation about The Third cosmic velocity ,the result of the theoretical value is not16.7km / s ,but 13.6km / s.


Educational hypermedia offers flexible access to information, supports convenient learning styles, and provides a number of teaching advantages. The student's desire to learn can be enhanced by involving them in the education process and by presenting the course material in an attractive manner to encourage student participation. A well-implemented multimedia curriculum is an effective tool in technical education. Detailed mathematical models and simulations of pilot-plants have been developed in order to create virtual plants. Students can be trained to operate and test these virtual plants in order to learn about their behaviour. Student assignments and projects based on these simulated process plants provide self and group learning opportunities at a pace comfortable to the students. This paper reviews a case study in the setting up of simulated process plants for such flexible learning.


This chapter deals with objections to mathematical conventionalism, focusing especially on technical objections. To make things easier to follow and more self-contained, the chapter begins with a brief overview of arithmetization. Then a technical argument alleging incompatibility between the factuality of conventions and the conventionality of arithmetic is discussed followed by discussion of a related but more general worry about circularity. Then an anti-conventonalist argument from Pollock is discussed and related to Montague's paradox. Finally, Gödel's argument against conventionalism is critically discussed. Ultimately the chapter demonstrates that there is no incompatibility between conventionalism and metamathematical results and methods.


The influence of social factors in adolescents seeking professional psychological help seems to be an urgent scientific and practical problem in both the foreign and Russian contexts. This article identifies the specifics of strategies and scenarios for help-seeking among boys and girls aged 14-17 based on the results of a quantitative sociological study of adolescents in Russia. An online survey of a representative sample (N = 17,000) aimed to measure help-seeking rates among two gender groups, an assessment of this experience, the prevalence of various coping strategies and social attitudes towards psychological help among Russian adolescents. The results showed significant differences in the experience of boys and girls in these aspects. In particular, female respondents more often had experience of seeking the services of a psychologist and used this practice to solve their mental problems. Young men were much less likely to seeking professional psychological help, which may be due to stigmatizing social attitudes. The revealed trends facilitated to propose key direction for future research of gender differences in the level of mental health literacy among Russian adolescents as well as their vulnerability to the social factor of stigma.


Graphical user interface for a display uses a 3-D detection in order to perform various functions. In particular, it takes up space, and in place of the menu in a continuously on the display screen, when the menu when the predetermined distance from the user's finger the screen. Moving the user's finger in the X and / or Y direction by the user can be selected from the displayed menu options. The way the GUI does not differentiate between certain parts of the screen with a little more accessible. Rather, the menu appears immediately in response to a user action, the menu appears on the input point of the user.


Urban flooding is serious problem around the world and more severe in South East Asia because of heavier rainfall, increase of impervious area and lower standard of drainage system. The use of accurate hydrological and hydraulics model to simulate urban flooding is essential in order to understand the phenomena and help decision makers to identify suitable solution in order to reduce it. Digital elevation model (DEM) is one of the important input parameter in urban flood application because it will affect flow direction, flow velocity, flood extend and flood depth. LiDAR offer accurate DEM for large area within short time.


The maritime archaeological programme in South Australia has been carried out within the meaning of a cultural resource management programme since the introduction of the historic shipwrecks legislation in 1980 and 1981. Before then, other State legislation was used to protect two underwater sites but the legislation did not contain any specific provisions to adequately protect or document underwater historic sites.


The present invention discloses a repair method for micro-polluted water, 1) micro-polluted water to enter the first stage of the water treatment zone and sand to achieve uniform water distribution; 2) re-entering the second stage of the water treatment area - bed wetland, wetlands bed mainly composed of a filler and aquatic plants, aquatic plants Arundo donax, packing by the upper and lower packing a filler, filler for the upper layer of gravel, gravel particle size of 5 ~ 10mm; lower filler is shale brick, shale brick particle size 10 ~ 60mm, the root growth of aquatic plants in the filler; 3) Finally, the third stage of the water treatment area to have water quality, water can be discharged into the external body. The present invention has the following advantages: (1) energy-free, easy to plug. (2) low investment, easy operation and management. (3) shock load capability. (4) nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate is high, with a certain economic benefits.


During the last few years it has been shown that osmolality more than hydrostatic or oncotic pressures effects the water movements' trough the blood brain barrier. The goal of the present study was to compare the effect on plasma osmolality of the infusion of different currently used solutions. Patients scheduled for lumbar intervertebral disc surgery received either NaCl %0.9, Ringer Lactate Dextrose 5% or Hydroxyethyl- Starch 10%. All of the selected solutions maintain plasma osmolality. We did not find any statistically different plasma osmolality changes between groups. We must take into account that dextrose in Ringer Lactate is harmful for patients cerebral ischemia susceptible. [Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 1997;4(2):161-164] Key words: Osmolality, HES, ringer lactate, sodium chloride


Peer collaboration has become a common ground for examining how children communicate and exchange information when working with a partner, and research has shown a general trend of improvement in cognitive coordination and performance during collaborative tasks (Bell, 2001; Doise, Mugny, & Perret-Clermont, 1975; Hartup, 1978; Ladd, 1981; Reynolds & Fireman, 1998; Yeates, Shultz, & Selman, 1991). Social status in childhood has also become a major focus in predicting social adjustment among peers, as research has shown that negative peer status in childhood is predictive of later manifestations of emotional problems, maladaptive behavior, and risk for academic failure in adolescence and adulthood (Coie, Dodge, & Kupersmidt, 1990; Coie, Lochman, Terry, & Hyman, 1992; Cowen, Pederson, Babigian, Izzo, & Trost, 1973; French & Conrad, 2001; Hoza, Molina, Bukowkski, & Sippola, 1995; Kupersmidt, 1983; Parker & Asher, 1987; Roff, Sells, & Golden, 1972). This study examined the social context of peer collaboration and communication when children in a negative peer status group, who were considered rejected and non-aggressive by their peers, were paired with children who were viewed as being popular by their peers. In addition, this study investigated individual differences within these two groups regarding the goals children had when solving a social conflict problem, feelings of self-efficacy in being able to solve the problem, levels of social anxiety, different types of self-perception, and the emotions experienced when they worked with a partner.


In order to model collagen self-assembly, we set up a simple set of master equations. Only single-monomer addition and dissociation reaction are considered to keep the equations simple. In order to account for the twodimensional growth of a collagen fibril, length and diameter, we use the idea of secondary nucleation. The first monomer in every section has a harder time attaching while the rest can latch on fairly easily. This results in periodic addition and dissociation rate constants. We pass to a continuum level description by obtaining a PDE for the polymer distribution coupled to an ODE for the monomers. The periodic coefficients result in rapidly varying periodic coefficients for the PDE with period ε. We show that ε can be interpreted as the ratio of lengths of monomers and fibrils. After applying a homogenization technique on the PDE, we obtain a workable PDE-ODE system. We solve the system numerically and find growth curves very similar to experimental results. For the long-time behaviour of the growth curves, we predict a power law with exponent 0.09.


This study empirically examines the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption, on the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in Algeria, for the period 1970–2017. Although a limited number of empirical studies have been conducted on the association of IFRS adoption with FDI inflows, there has been no prior research in the Algerian context. The analysis was conducted, using the Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality Approach and the Autoregressive Distributed-lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing Technique. The findings revealed evidence that IFRS adoption did have a significant negative effect on FDI inflows Algeria, both in the long-run as well as in the short-run. The findings offered several significant implications for governments, policymakers, investors, managers, researchers, practitioners and other interested groups, interested in understanding the economic importance of adopting international accounting standards, as one of the driving determinants of FDI inflows in developing countries.


This research is to investigate the behavior of elastic waves in porous media consisting of fluid and solid. A new methodology for describing the wave motion of a fluid-saturated porous medium is developed with the establishment of a mathematical wave model. Dynamic equations in the form of displacements of the fluid and solid are derived for analyzing the elastic waves propagating in homogeneous and isotropic porous media, which are subjected to excitations of multiple energy sources. Solutions of the wave equation are developed on the basis of the moving-coordinate method. Numerical simulations of the waves propagating in the porous media with multiple energy sources are also performed for demonstrating the application of the mathematical model developed.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The experiment was conducted to study the carcass characteristics and meat quality of
Ongole grade (PO) cattle and Simmental Ongole crossbred (SimPO) cattle grown in a feedlot
system. Six PO cattle and six SimPO cattle with the respective initial body weight of
315.6+39.46 kg and 368.3+13.23 kg were grown for 3 months and were fed with
concentrates, elephant grass, soybean hulls and cassava. At the end of the experiment all
cattle were slaughtered. Meat samples used were Longissimusdorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris
(BF) muscles. The variables observed were carcass characteristics, carcass components, noncarcass,
meat physical quality and chemical composition. The data of carcass and non-carcass
were analyzed by using the analysis of variance of independent sample t-test. The data of
physical quality and chemical composition of meat were analyzed by using randomized
complete block design. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) on
carcass weight, carcass percentage and Longissimusdorsi area (LDA) as affected by both
breeds of cattle. The slaughter weight, back fat thickness, percentage of kidney, pelvic and
heart (KPH) fats, carcass components and meat-bone ratio were not different significant. The
non-carcass percentage of PO and SimPO did not differ significantly. The meat physical
quality (water-holding capacity, cooking loss, tenderness) were significant differences
(P<0.05) between both cattle breeds, but the pH did not differ significantly. The meat
chemical composition (water, protein, fat content) were significant differences (P<0.05), but
the ash content did not differ significantly. It could be concluded that the carcass
characteristics of PO cattle were lower than those of SimPO cattle, but carcass components
and non-carcass were similar relatively. The meat of SimPO cattle had the higher fat content
and was more tender than meat of PO cattle.
Key Words: Carcass Characteristics, MeatQuality, OngoleGrade Cattle, Simmental Ongole,
Crossbred Cattle.


1. Sixty-two patients on a mental hospital "back" ward were treated by electroshock and by manipulation of the attitudes in their environment. 2. At least 25 patients showed more cooperation, better care of self, and better control of activity. 3. The ward staff responded to the treatment program even more favorably than the patients. 4. It is possible to eliminate the "back" ward idea by providing appropriate attention.


Alien translocations in wheat have been exhaustively investigated relative to various diseases, except for common bunt. During the period 2005–2006, an experiment was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA) in an artificially inoculated nursery. The test cultivars represented the latest Western European winter wheat genotypes. The total mean winter wheat infection in the common bunt nursery was 80.9% and the mean for the selected 36 cultivars 76.2%. The high infection level enabled us to screen the cultivars for the level of partial resist ance. Of the selected 36 cultivars with or without various alien translocations, only 'Quebon' was found to be resistant. The least infected cultivars 'Tommi' and 'Bill', can be classified as medium susceptible – 15.0% and 17.2%, respectively. The rest of the cultivars were very susceptible, the mean infection level ranging from 53.5% to 98.8%. Cultivars with Aegilops ventricosa translocation were the least infected of the selected genotypes. The mean infection of eight cultivars was 74.9%, and the mean for the rest of the cultivars was 81.2%. As a result, this translocation could additionally possess some barely effective genes of partial resistance. Complex translocation from Secale cereale did not possess effective partial resistance. The mean infection of cultivars with other translocations was not really different from that of the selected cultivars. Cultivars with translocation from A. tauschii were infected more than the mean 87.4%, whereas cultivars with translocation from Triticum dicoccum were infected less than the mean 75.4%.


![Figure][1]

Pairing centers (green) on oocyte X chromosomes (magenta) dance around the nucleus in early meiosis.

By imaging homologous chromosome movements in living nematodes, [Wynne et al.][2] describe how they pair up during meiosis to facilitate recombination.

In C. elegans ,


Combination of Inhaled Nitric Oxide with HFOV Reduces the Need for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in Infants with PPHN : Results from a Single Center Trial 980


Two distinct methods for the reduction of coefficient and product quantization effects in recursive digital filters are described. A degree of freedom is introduced in the design by increasing the approximation order above the minimum. This is then used to increase the allowable margin for coefficient quantization error or to reduce the sensitivity to coefficient quantization. The two methods are used to design several sixth-order low-pass filters. The designs obtained are then compared with the corresponding minimum-order elliptic designs with respect to the effects of coefficient and product quantization. The results show that both methods lead to reduced wordlength for the implementation and also to reduced output quantization noise.


Corrosion resistance of high strength P/M Austenite type stainlees steels obtained by the addition of boron or phosphorus was investigated. In this experiment, corrosion tests by JIS method were carried out by intergranular and general corrosion tests, and the corrosion resistance was compared with P/M stainless steels (3 types) and wrought stainless steel. As a result, on intergranular corrosion test using 65% boiling HN03 solution, a boron 0.2wt% added P/M stainless steel shows good corrosion resistance and the corrosion loss values are equivalent as compared to wrought stainless steel. Phosphorus 0.2wt% added P/M stainless steel shows poor corrosion resistance because of localized corrosion of phosphide that precipitated along grain boundaries. On the other hand, on general corrosion test using 5% boiling H2SO4 solution, the behavior of corrosion is closely related to the density of specimens.


Through the test of the university men's shot subject achivement objectively in my shool, This paper analysizes the actuality of the students' shot level and the problems that exist, and brings forward some suggests and counter measures to improve the shot subject teaching. It supplies some theoretic gists for the shot teaching innovation in the future.


The Southern root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita,is worldwidely the most destructive group of plant pathogens.It is an extreme challenge to control the nematode.There are limited data regarding the molecular mechanisms of M.incognita development and the process of plant invasion,which can open the way for controlling the nematode.Caenorhabditis elegans,a free-living nematode feeding on bacteria,has been used as the first model animal genome to be sequenced.There is a large database on functional genomics.Comparative analysis of M.incognita and the C.elegans genome may provide an opportunity to gain insight into the genetic basis of the nematode infection of plants and,consequently,the identification and analysis of homologous genes between M.incognita and C.elegans can yield novel strategies for controlling plant parasite nematodes.In our study,we analyzed the genomic biology of the phylum using 9 165 contigs of M.incognita aligned to 361 207 expressed-sequence tag sequences(ESTs) in C.elegans by blastn,and 23 973 protein sequences in C.elegans by blastx,respectively.The highly homologous gene sequences of the two nematodes were identified and grouped by e-value.Our analysis of the homologous gene functions by gene ontology indicated that those genes might play significant roles in the regulation of nematode development.Our results can supply with additional feasible technologies and approaches to gain insights into the molecular basis of a mutualistic relationship between plant and nematodes and a new route for controlling plant parasite nematode.


In recent years, the weapon systems of laser and infrared (IR) imaging guidance have been widely used in modern warfare because of their high precision and strong anti-interference. However, military smoke, a rapid and effective passive jamming method, can effectively counteract the attack of precision-guided weapons by their scattering and absorbing effects. The traditional smoke has good visible light (0.4-0.76μm) obscurant performance, but hardly any effects to other electromagnetic wave bands while the weapon systems of laser and IR imaging guidance usually work in broad band, including the near-infrared (1-3μm), middle-infrared (3-5μm), far-infrared (8-14μm), and so on. Accordingly, exploiting new effective obscurant materials has attracted tremendous interest worldwide nowadays. As is known, the nano-structured materials have lots of unique properties comparing with the traditional materials suggesting that they might be the perfect alternatives to solve the problems above. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well-ordered, all-carbon hollow graphitic nano-structured materials with a high aspect ratio, lengths from several hundred nanometers to several millimeters. CNTs possess many unique intrinsic physical-chemical properties and are investigated in many areas reported by the previous studies. However, no application research about CNTs in smoke technology field is reported yet. In this paper, the attenuation performances of CNTs smoke to laser and IR were assessed in 20m3 smoke chamber. The testing wavebands employed in experiments are 1.06μm and 10.6μm laser, 3-5μm and 8-14μm IR radiation. The main parameters were obtained included the attenuation rate, transmission rate, mass extinction coefficient, etc. The experimental results suggest that CNTs smoke exhibits excellent attenuation ability to the broadband IR radiation. Their mass extinction coefficients are all above 1m2·g-1. Nevertheless, the mass extinction coefficients vary with the sampling time and smoke particles concentrations, even in the same testing waveband. With the time going the mass extinction coefficients will increase gradually. Based on the above results, theoretical calculations are also carried out for further exploitations. In general, CNTs smoke behaves excellent attenuation ability toward laser and IR under the experimental conditions. Therefore, they have great potentials to develop new smoke obscurant materials which could effectively interfere with broadband IR radiation including 1.06μm, 10.6μm, 3-5μm and 8-12μm IR waveband.


An aluminum oxide coated medical stent having a titanium oxide layer and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to maximize stability of the stent in human body and to inhibit stricture of blood vessel for long time. An aluminum oxide coated medical stent for expanding blood vessel includes: a titanium oxide layer(130) with excellent stability in human body; and multiple pores(135) to release cell growth inhibiting agent(150) formed on the surface of stent, the size of which is adjusted by controlling coating number of the titanium oxide layer. A method for manufacturing the aluminum oxide coated medical stent includes the steps: forming an aluminum oxide layer with multiple pores by anodizing method; repeating titanium oxide coating 1 time or more than 2 times; and injecting cell growth inhibiting agent into the multiple pores.


Land-based mobile mapping systems have yielded an enormous time saving in capturing road networks and their surrounding. However, the manual extraction of the road information from the mobile mapping data is still a time-consuming task. This paper presents ARVEE (Automated Road Geometry Vectors Extraction Engine), a robust automatic road geometry extraction system developed by Absolute Mapping Solution Inc. (AMS). The extracted road information includes 3D continuous lane lines, road edges as well as lane lines attributes. There are three innovations in this work. First, all the visible lane lines in the georeferenced image sequences are extracted, instead of only extracting the central lane line or the nearby lane line pair. Second, lane line attributes are recognized, so the output is a functional description of the road geometry. Third, the output is an absolute-georeferenced model of lane lines in mapping coordinates, and is directly compatible to GIS databases. ARVEE includes four steps: First, extracting linear features in each image. Second, extracting, filtering and grouping linear features into lane line segments (LLS) based on their geometric and radiometric characteristics. Third, linking the LLSs into long lane lines 3D model using Multiple-Hypothesis Analysis (MHA). Finally, classifying each lane line into a lane line type based on the synthetic analysis of the included LLSs' features. The system has been tested on large number of VISATTM mobile mapping data. The experiments on massive real MMS data sets demonstrate that ARVEE can deliver accurate and robust 3D continuous functional road geometry model. Full automatic processing result from ARVEE can replace most of the human efforts in road geometry modelling


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Treatment-resistant depression an area in the scientific community, its great personal and societal costs. Its prevalence is high, and up to a third of patients do not respond to four consecutive anti-depressants. with TRD significant loss in quality of life, high costs, and hospitalizations, and are to be twice as likely to attempt suicide at least once during their lifetime than non-resistant depressed and 15 more than the general population.


Background: Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) surgery offers a more standardized approach and reliable method to create corneal grafts with an instrument such as a microkeratome. With the development of Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty, an excellent clinical outcome is seen in the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunctions, which indicates that thinner corneal graft results in better clinical outcome. With the recent development of the femtosecond laser, ultrathin conical graft preparation has become possible. This study aimed to report corneal graft endothelial cell loss (ECL) in a large series of cases undergoing DSAEK with femtosecond laser-assisted corneal graft preparation within a 12-month period. Methods: This study was designed as a prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Totally 126 consecutive eyes with endothelial failure of 120 patients, who had corneal endothelial decompensation and underwent femtosecond-assisted DSAEK using the VisuMax femtosecond laser system, were included in the study. Central endothelial cell density (ECD) was recorded postoperatively at 2 weeks (n = 126), 1 month (n = 126), 3 months (n = 110), 6 months (n = 101), and 12 months (n = 71) and then compared with the preoperative eye bank measurements. Pre- and postoperative central ECDs were evaluated using Heidelberg retina tomography-III confocal microscopy. ECL was calculated for each postoperative time point. Graft thickness was examined using anterior segment-optical coherence tomography. Results: Mean preoperative cell count was 3383 350 cells/mm(2). Mean postoperative cell counts were 2382 707 cells/mm(2), 2179 685 cells/mm(2), 2074 688 cells/mm(2). 1884. 662 cells/mm(2), and 1723 624 cells/mm(2) at 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6. and 12 months, respectively; these represented the ECL of 29.7 +/- 19.7%, 35.4 +/- 19.5%, 38.6, 19.8%, 44.3 +/- 18.9%, and 48.9 +/- 18.4% at the each corresponding time point. The mean corneal graft thickness after surgery was 142 +/- 48 mu m, 118 +/- 41 mu m, 108 +/- 37 mu m, 100 +/- 32 mu m, and 99 +/- 32 mu m at each corresponding study visit, respectively. There was no correlation between corneal graft thickness and corneal ECL (R = 0.039). Conclusions: Corneal ECL remained relatively stable up to 12 months after femtosecond laser-assisted ultrathin DSAEK in a large case series. No correlation between cell loss and corneal graft thickness was found, which indicated that corneal graft preparation by the femtosecond laser was safe. ECL was faster within the first 6 months and relatively stable thereafter.


Model driven development attempts to resolve some common problems of current software architectures in order to reduce the complexity of software development: i) how to increase the level of abstraction by centring on software models; ii) how to automate the software development process through the use of transformations and generators; and iii) how to separate domain, technology, and technological concerns so as to avoid confusion arising from the combination of different types of concepts. Model driven development uses two basic solutions to resolve these problems: i) description of specialised modelling languages and ii) model transformations and mappings. For each domain and technology, MDSD (Model-Driven Software Development) requires specific MDA (Model Driven Architecture) artefacts for the definition of specialised languages and transformations that address specific modelling languages and platforms. The application of MDSD in a specific domain and technology combines multiple interdependent MDA technologies (e.g. MOF (Meta-Object Facilities), QVT (Query-View and Transformation), MOF2Text, UML (Unified Modelling Language) extensions, and OCL (Object Constraint Language)); MDSD combines these technologies to construct and improve tools that support the model driven development process adapted to specific domains, technologies, and platforms (e.g. e-commerce, safety-critical software systems, and SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)).


A parameter estimation technique was used to analyze the August 1975 Nimbus 6 Earth radiation budget data to demonstrate the concept of deconvolution. The longwave radiation field at the top of the atmosphere is defined from satellite data by a fifth degree and fifth order spherical harmonic representation. The variations of the major features of the radiation field are defined by analyzing the data separately for each two-day duty cycle. A table of coefficient values for each spherical harmonic representation is given along with global mean, gradients, degree variances, and contour plots. In addition, the entire data set is analyzed to define the monthly average radiation field.


Human body pose modelling system is directly influenced by the image features used in the system, its model representation and also its application. This paper presents silhouette, edge and colour extraction methodology for detecting the human body parts in image sequences. Silhouette is used as input for head and torso pose estimation. Meanwhile, edge and colour are used respectively as input for non-occluded and occluded arms pose estimation. The body parts are estimated using histogram analysis and template matching techniques, which is then represented by rectangular shape.


This study of the early drafts for Debussy's PelIkas et Melisande grew out of earlier work with the surviving sources for Debussy's last opera, La Chute de la maison Usher, based on Poe's short story. The question concerning the Usher sources is: How nearly complete was the opera in its surviving form, "completeness" being understood as the stage of advancement of the known sources toward what would have been


The number of subjects with Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease is increasing. The optimal treatment to prevent clinical relapse in these patients has not been well established. At times, antibiotic regimens have also been shown to produce long-term sputum conversion. We describe a case of M. abscessus  lung disease in an immunocompetent individual with successful outcome at 24 months, following antibiotic therapy. Initially, an empirical treatment was started intravenously with amikacin (700 mg once-daily), cefoxitin (4 g every 8 h), and oral clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily). Although, the symptoms resolved rapidly, the anti-mycobacterial drugs were discontinued three weeks later, following the onset of hepatotoxicity. Two weeks after discontinuation of therapy, the liver enzymes were returned to normal levels, and amikacin and clarithromycin were reintroduced and continued for another 8 months, when the individual developed hearing loss, which led to further discontinuation of antibiotic therapy. During the subsequent 24 months, broncoscopy, sputum AFB examination and mycobacterial culture were negative. Our management suggests that prompt, individualized and protracted treatment can be curative, in case of mild disease.


The question of whether constitutional interpretation ought to emphasize the intended meanings of the Framers, as discerned from the text itself and relevant historical sources, remains a highly charged political issue. Conservatives generally espouse originalist methodology as a basis for rejecting the liberal court decisions and "judicial activism" of the 1960s,' while liberals reject the originalists' methodological claims and defend the propriety of judicial discretion, which has tended to produce outcomes to which they are sympathetic.2 With To Secure These Rights, Scott D. Gerber enters the debate over the Framers' intent by rejecting the presumption that a "jurisprudence of original intention" need be a "jurisprudence of the right;" Gerber attempts, instead, to develop a "liberal originalis[t]" theory of constitutional interpretation, one which, though faithful to original intent, yields liberal results (pp. 4-7). Gerber's call for a liberal originalism is intriguing, but the particular originalist vision he offers is less than compelling. Gerber argues that the Constitution's drafters intended their creation to achieve one central purpose: the protection of the natural rights delineated in the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration, according to Gerber, expressed the Lockean natural rights theory that animated the Revolution. The Constitution, in turn,


Science and technology at the nanoscale is acting as an important key to unlock many biological riddles that would have been unyielding a few years ago. Recently, silicon chip technology has emerged as the ability to manufacture at 100 nm and below, and microscopes that allow us not only to 'see' but to manipulate atoms and molecules have facilitated at the commence of the 21st century into the thick revolution of life sciences. Nanotechnology has matured into a dominant focus of research and development activities in the preceding two decades. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine are considered as complementary disciplines, aiming for better human life. Applications of nanotechnology to medicine and physiology consist of materials and devices, which are designed to interact with the body at molecular scale with a high degree of specificity. This finally results in their potential use into targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications and helps in achieving maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. Currently, nanotechnology and nanoscience are aiming particularly to design and formulate a platform to expand the market for many drugs and forming a basis of high profit to industry. Thus, in the present scenario, nanotechnology is proving beneficial in solving problems in different fields of medicine. In this paper, we will highlight and discuss the potential use of nanotechnology in clinical applications.


abandoned the emphasis on atmospheric, light-saturated effects which they had created. In fact, the atmospheric painting was more likely to be associated with symbolism or interior states of being at this point. Monet's paintings (see, for example, Figure 1: Charing Cross Bridge, 1900) had increasingly become paintings of his mental responses and psychological states, rather than paintings of nature. Extensively reworked in his studio over long periods of time, there was no way they could continue to be seen as the record of a transparent moment in time and nature. Renoir, confirming a tendency which had already existed in his paintings, treated life with increasing idealization, ignoring social realities, and using a style that suggested direct continuity with the French rococo tradition of the 18 century. His Three th


Abstract Environmental education is implemented in formal curricula in multiple ways, including K-12 science. In the United States, the adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) has provided a lens for considering how the goals of environmental education and formal science education may overlap and complement one another. Potential synergies emerge from similarities between NGSS science and engineering practices and the skills of questioning, analysis, and interpretation in the NAAEE Guidelines for Excellence. In this study, middle school students were engaged in an environmental storyline unit that supported their abilities to ask questions, design and conduct investigations, and develop model-based explanations, practices consistent across both fields. Participating students demonstrated positive gains in nature relatedness environmental attitudes. This study provides evidence that curricular design around the practices of science and environmental education connects the goals of each and may be a promising approach to broadening access to effective environmental education experiences. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2021.1949569 .


In order to characterize nonlinear interactions within granular materials, measurements were made in the near-field of a 50 kHz transducer (an ITC 5270). High-resolution beam patterns were observed which reveal significant diffraction effects. Observed beam patterns were used to predict the difference frequency signal and this resulted in more than a 10 dB difference from that predicted by assuming constant amplitudes. This points to an inadequacy of the typical treatment of the parametric field as that due to collimated beams of constant amplitude in the near field, e.g. as in the Moffet and Mellen model. [This work was supported by ONR.]