Any review of this year's International Byron Conference must come tinged with sorrow at the death of Maureen Crisp soon afterwards. Maureen was a stalwart organiser and attendee of Byron conferences for almost too many years to count, and this year she was there with all her generosity and force of personality intact. Her illness had done nothing to cool the warmth of her heart or blunt her intelligence. Indeed, Maureen was a presence at the conference from its very first day, when she presided over registration. As New Hall, St Andrews University, began to fill up with Byronists on 14 July, familiar faces crowded the lobby and there was a sense of friendly recognition - this feeling assisted by a display of photos from last year's conference put up on the first day and gradually added to as the conference progressed. More faces appeared at that night's supper, which began with drinks on the lawn of Lower College Hall and progressed inside for a sit-down dinner, where we were welcomed to Scotland by Drummond Bone (whose knighthood had, at that point, been announced but not conferred - still, everyone insisted on calling him 'Sir Drummond' for the thrill of it), and to the University of St Andrews by its Proctor and Provost, Professor Christopher Smith. A brief talk by David McClay of the National Library of Scotland followed, which led us through the Library's plans for the John Murray archive as well as its current exhibition centred around the archive. The first day of the academic programme began in Parliament Hall with a panel of four excellent papers, largely centred on The Vision of Judgement. The first speaker was Bernard Beatty (Liverpool), whose incisive talk considered what precisely Byron meant by the phrase 'serious laughter', and ended by deciding that serious laughter did not exist. He was followed by Mary Hurst (Liverpool), who argued that Byron uses The Vision to allow its readers to view a space where worldly customs and expectations are given new meaning. Tony Howe (Oxford) then offered a wide-ranging take on the poem, looking particularly at what he termed its 'Miltonic preoccupations'. Trevor Hart (St Andrews) then shifted the focus to consider Cain and its complex interplay of gloom and hope, arguing that the play is a demonstration of 'the inscrutability of poetic providence'. These stimulating and refreshing papers were followed by an almost equally stimulating and refreshing tea break, during which the lively discussion continued. The day's second session began with a paper by Danny Gabelman (St Andrews) that used Don Juan's motifs of bubbles, butterflies and bores to explore the ways in which the Byron of Don Juan seeks to stave off boredom. Gabelman's argument, that boredom acted as a form of 'negative stimulation' for Byron, both in his life and in his work, offered a new way to consider Byron's 'mobility'. Continuing the theme of stimulation, Gregory Dowling (Ca' Foscari, Venice) examined Auden's connection with Byron, giving us a refreshing view of Byron as an inspiration for the later poet's work. Dowling suggested that Auden, who had rejected his early self, felt a kinship with this other poet who had done the same, and who, again like Auden, had no trouble recognising his own foolishness and humanity. Mirka Modrzewska (Gdansk) then offered a wide-ranging survey of the influence of the baroque style on Byron's writing in The Siege of Corinth and Beppo. For Modrzewska, the elaborate and occasionally ghoulish embellishments of the baroque find direct and deliberate echo in these texts. Fortified by a buffet lunch served in Parliament Hall, we reconvened in the afternoon for a wide-ranging panel. Ronald Levao (Rutgers) spoke on the 'constant presence' of Shakespeare in Byron, focusing specifically on Byron's repeated references to Falstaff. Levao carefully highlighted the Falstaffian aspects of the voice and narrative of Don Juan, offering a particularly delicate reading of the Shakespearean allusions in the first canto and concluding that Byron's reaction to Falstaff was dual - he saw him as both buffoon and admirable figure. …


THIS ARTICLE aims to explore the utility of arbitrating disputes in the resource industries by examining two arbitrations with which I was concerned. The term 'resources industries' is employed in a broad sense to include not only extractive industries and the energy industries but also to encompass the water industry. Of the two disputes which I will discuss, one involved the water industry in Manila, the Philippines and the other took the form of an expert determination concerning the price of electricity in a co-generation plant.

Arbitration is generally regarded as confidential1 and therefore an arbitrator must be circumspect in discussing a case lest it identifies the parties and the dispute. Fortunately, however, one of the two arbitrations which I will discuss is in the public domain. The hearing was open to the public and the final award was widely distributed. Unfortunately the same cannot be said for the electricity expert determination and in consequence the names of the parties and the location of the facility cannot be disclosed.

I refer to these two arbitrations as illustrations of my experience of arbitration, or quasi-arbitration, in resource industry disputes and will attempt to draw some conclusions from my experiences. Before doing so, however, I will outline the extent of my experience and make some general comments.

I have arbitrated disputes in the resources industries in Australia and in many countries throughout Asia. These have involved the following sectors: electricity (both pricing and construction issues), coal, gas, thermal energy and water. I have also undertaken front end work acting for several international energy companies and for a few mining companies. In addition, in the 1990s, I was a legal advisor to the government of the State of Victoria, Australia and prepared the drafting instructions for the original Electricity Industry Act and …


The topography of Ag grown on Ag~111! measured with scanning tunneling microscopy reveals threedimensional, layered islands for film thicknesses below 500 A. For thicker Ag films, the layered structures can no longer be observed. The induced surface roughness increases with increasing film thickness and corresponds to the formation of self-similar surfaces with roughness exponents H close to 1 for thicknesses up to 5000 A. Our results are compared to the relevant theoretical models. @S1063-651X~96!11307-6#


Three types of satellite signal imperfection——incompletely suppressed carrier,intermodulation distortion and spurious emissions——and their interference on GNSS signal receiving are studied in this paper.The interference effects are quantitatively analyzed based on signal modeling and analytical computation of the spectral separation coefficient(SSC),the code tracking SSC(CT-SSC) and the effective carrier to noise ratio.Using the signals in GPS L1 and Galileo E1 band,the effects of the noise,the signal processing loss,the external interference,GNSS intrasystem interference and intersystem interference in the presence of different combination of the three types of signal imperfection are calculated.The results show that when the total signal imperfection interference reaches a certain power level,it will have more impacts on signal acquisition,carrier tracking and dada demodulation than intersystem interference.This analysis provides a reference for the specification of the satellite signal quality.


Abstract : PURPOSE: This technical note (TN) describes the excavation accuracy of various dredges under different project conditions, and provides guidance to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) personnel in determining depths to adequately characterize and evaluate material to be dredged in the entire dredging prism, including paid allowable overdepth and non-pay dredging. The technical note also improves communication on these subjects with other agencies and the public. Proper selection of characterization depths, considering the dredge's excavating accuracy and respective project-specific conditions, is critical to ensure future compatibility of the dredging description and quantities in environmental compliance documentation with the dredging as actually implemented. This guidance is meant to supplement Engineer Regulation (ER) 1130-2-520 (USACE 1996) and the Memorandum for Commanders, Major Subordinate Commands, "Assuring the Adequacy of Environmental Documentation for Construction and Maintenance Dredging of Federal Navigation Projects" (USACE 2006). Much of the information from the USACE 17 Jan 2006 Memorandum is included in this technical note.


In this paper, we consider the stability of cylindrical wormholes during evolution of universe from inflation to late time acceleration epochs. We show that there are two types of cylindrical wormholes. The first type is produced at the corresponding point where k black F-strings are transited to BIon configuration. This wormhole transfers energy from extra dimensions into our universe, causes inflation, loses it's energy and vanishes. The second type of cylindrical wormhole is created by a tachyonic potential and causes a new phase of acceleration. We show that wormhole parameters grow faster than the scale factor in this era, overtake it at ripping time and lead to the destruction of universe at big rip singularity. MSC: 83E30 String and superstring theories in gravitational theory 83C75 Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc. Cited in 6 Documents


The article deals with forced migrations in the North Caucasus in the 1940s - 1950s. The terms "deportation", "forced migration", and "displacement" are used synonymously. Authors investigate how the forced evictions of peoples from their traditional places of residence were justified in state documents. The article pays special attention to the issues of economic development of the territory liberated during ethnic deportation and the organization of settlement of the territory of residence of the evicted peoples.


The AGOSTA project initially proposed by our team and lately funded by CNES TOSCA consists of developing efficient approaches to restore seafloor shape (or bathymetry), as well as lithospheric parameters such as the crust and elastic thicknesses, by combining different types of observations including gravity gradient data. As it is based on the second derivatives of the potential versus the space coordinates, gravity gradiometry provides more information inside the Earth system at short wavelengths. The GOCE mission has measured the gravity gradient components of the static field globally and give the possibility to detect more details on the structure of the lithosphere at spatial resolutions less than 200 km. We propose to analyze these satellite-measured gravity tensor components to map the undersea relief more precisely than using geoid or vertical gravity previously considered for this purpose. Inversion of vertical gravity gradient data derived from the radar altimetry technique also offers the possibility to reach greater resolutions (at least 50 km) than the GOCE mission one. The seafloor topography estimates are tested in areas well-covered by independent data for validation, such as around the Great Meteor guyot [29°57′10.6″N, 28°35′31.3″W] and New England seamount chain [37°24′N 60°00′W, 120° 10' 30.4" W] in the Atlantic Ocean as well as the Acapulco seamount [13° 36' 15.4" N, 120° 10' 30.4" W] in the Central Pacific.


Poverty in a country must be dealt with in order for the country to develop better. One of the indicator to say a country is well-developed is when the poverty level in that country is low. So a solution is needed to overcome the poverty. One of the objective of this research is to find out the influence of the distribution of Zakah, Infaq, and Shodaqoh (ZIS) of the National Amil Zakat Council, Inflation and Economic Growth on Poverty Rate in Indonesia for the period 2006-2018. This research uses quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis. Endogenous variables are poverty levels, while exogenous variables are the distribution of ZIS funds, inflation, and economic growth. The data used are secondary data from BAZNAS and BPS. ZIS partially has a significant influence on poverty levels based on the T-Test. The F-test shows that all variables simultaneously have a significant influence on the poverty in Indonesia in the period of 2006-2018 .


As of December 1998 the analysis, concept and tool development phases of the project have been completed. The deliverables are the process model, the assessment methodol-ogy, a project proposal form and an IT project database as a tool supporting the priority setting process.
So far, the concept and the tools have been presented to more than ten major Business Units. Feedback has been very encouraging. Due to the decentral organization of the Zurich Group it is the decision of the individual Business Unit to adopt the suggested project portfolio management approach.


The depth-of-field expanded image is described as sampling images according to a step length within the depth of field,by using image-blending technology to generate image that is calculated by image sequence.It may solve the problem that the microscopic images are blurrier than the observed images using ocular and object lens.Two image-blending algorithms are discussed to process the microscopic image sequences in real time,the definition is improved and the third dimension is enhanced effectively.The experimental analysis based on the characteristics of two image-blending algorithms using statistical method of image information entropy is also per-formed.


: (cid:9) Electron microscopy, diffraction and microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, and auger spectroscopy have been used to study quenched and quenched and tempered 0.3% carbon low alloy steels. Some in-situ fracture studies were also carried out in a high voltage electron microscope.


The individual body formed by the many body effects of factors, there has been complex nonlinear relationship between them. This paper applies the neural network to train simulation between impact factor and individual constitution of the relationship, influence factor and physical fitness between "super quantization" relationship, this paper proposes a new algorithm of association rules data mining polymerization, to construct the corresponding physical model.


A fluorescent hyperbranched supramolecular polymer was constructed through triple hydrogen bonding interactions between a three-arm monomer (PTDA) which possesses one melamine moiety in each arm and a perylene bisimide derivative (PBI 1) in dichloromethane.


A new method was presented to simultaneously estimate the azimuths elevations and center frequencies of uncorrelated narrow band signals incident on two uniform parallel linear arrays.Firstly virtual array element was constructed by temporal data,then temporal data and spatial data was to form a so_called time-space DOA matrix,three parameters could be obtained from the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of the time-space DOA matrix respectively.This method is computationally efficient and comparatively high resolution,moreover,azimuths elevations and center frequencies of signals can be simultaneously obtained and automatically combined without spectral search.The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective.


The Compton Observatory Science Workshop was held in Annapolis, Maryland on September 23-25, 1991. The primary purpose of the workshop was to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and information among scientists with interests in various areas of high energy astrophysics, with emphasis on the scientific capabilities of the Compton Observatory. Early scientific results, as well as reports on in-flight instrument performance and calibrations are presented. Guest investigator data products, analysis techniques, and associated software were discussed. Scientific topics covered included active galaxies, cosmic gamma ray bursts, solar physics, pulsars, novae, supernovae, galactic binary sources, and diffuse galactic and extragalactic emission.


ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) content and corneal transplantation immunologic rejection. MethodsThe chicken to rabbit model of penetrating heterograft was used. The levels of TNF-α in serum and aqueous humor were determined dynamically by enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA) in different postoperative days. ResultsThe grafts of heterograft group survive (18.8±3.0)days. The mean aqueous humor and serum levels of TNF-α in normal animals were (31.25±17.13)ng·L -1?(69.98±17.40)ng·L -1 respectively. In all operative groups the levels increased in early postoperative days. Then, the levels decreased and gradually reached the normal in autograft group. However the levels in heterograft group continued increasing and reached the highest levels in the second week after operation, and during the period of observation the level kept high. Correlation analysis showed the change of TNF-α content in aqueous humor and serum was positive correlation (r=0 94, P0.01). ConclusionThe TNF-α levels in serum showed the local immune situation. Sequential determinations of the TNF-α content in serum after operation may be valuable in prediction and diagnosis of rejection.


A new method was developed for determining a slant hot-wire inclination to the axial flow direction in order to accurately measure the transverse velocity component. The method requires dual parallel laser beams near the focal point such as Laser-Two-Focus velocimeter beams, one of which can rotate around the other. Since the squared hot-wire bridge output is proportional to the mean value of the beam intensity exposed on the hot-wire element, the bridge output indicates the maximum variation, when the slant wire is exposed by just dual beams. This rotating angle is referred to as the slant angle of the wire, if necessary, relative to the freestream angle, which is exactly given by the Laser-Two-Focus velocimeter. Furthermore, it is pointed out in the measurement that the beams rotate in precession due to optical misalignment. This method may be applicable to optical alignment.


The paper introduces the operation state and the facility improvement,including localization of the laddertron and voltage divide resistor,upgrading of the accelerator tube,the injector and radiation interlock system,as well as building of new beamlines during the operation for 20 years of Beijing HI-13 tandem accelerator.In the past 20 years the machine operated for over 80 000 h,provided beam time over 70 000 h and over 30 ion species,and good operation state was kept.


: Energy demand is constantly growing, and, nowadays, fossil fuels still play a dominant role in global energy production, despite their negative effects on air pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases, which are the main contributors to global warming. An alternative clean source of energy is represented by the lignocellulose fraction of plant cell walls, the most abundant carbon source on Earth. To obtain biofuels, lignocellulose must be efficiently converted into fermentable sugars. In this regard, the exploitation of cell wall lytic enzymes (CWLEs) produced by lignocellulolytic fungi and bacteria may be considered as an eco-friendly alternative. These organisms evolved to produce a variety of highly specific CWLEs, even if in low amounts. For an industrial use, both the identification of novel CWLEs and the optimization of sustainable CWLE-expressing biofactories are crucial. In this review, we focus on recently reported advances in the heterologous expression of CWLEs from microbial and plant expression systems as well as some of their industrial applications, including the production of biofuels from agricultural feedstock and of value-added compounds from waste materials. Moreover, since heterologous expression of CWLEs may be toxic to plant hosts, genetic strategies aimed in converting such a deleterious effect into a beneficial trait are discussed.


AbstractDifferent river management strategies have different impacts on the water system. Depending on how the future unfolds (e.g., in terms of climate change) impacts on navigation, flood damage, and nature are shaped. Impacts will be evaluated differently by people with different perspectives on river management, and what is considered acceptable now may become unacceptable in the future. The challenge is thus to identify a river management strategy that remains acceptable in different climate change scenarios and under different societal perspectives. Such a strategy is what the authors define as a socially robust river management strategy. This article presents a method—based on cultural theory and an integrated assessment metamodel (IAMM)—to explore the (changing) acceptability of river management measures while taking uncertain developments in climate into account. The result is an overview of different gradations of robustness per measure, indicating the prospected tenability of a measure and its ...


Background: Pregnancy is a state of partial immune suppression, which makes pregnant women more vulnerable to infection which have serious consequences onpregnancy outcome. The aim of this study:To assess the effect of thenew corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19) on pregnancy outcome. Study design: Descriptive correlational was used. Setting: It carried out at four isolation hospitals represented El- Gharbia Governorate.Tanta University hospital, El-Menshawy Hospital andEl Mehalla El-Kobra Hospital and Kafr El- Zayate General Hospital.Subjects:A convenientsample of 30 pregnant women who infected with COVID-19 and isolated at the previouslymentioned settings. Four tools were used; Tool I, it included two parts. Part 1: Socio- demographic characteristics. Part 2:  Reproductive history. Tool II:Women's knowledge regarding COVID 19. Tool III: Women's practices regarding COVID 19. Tool IV: Assessment the effect of COVID 19 on pregnancy outcome.  Results:It was found that almost one third of the studied women had unsatisfactory level of knowledge as well as almost two fifths had unsatisfactory  level of practices regarding COVID 19.The result also revealed that COVID 19has negative effect on pregnancy outcome.Conclusion and recommendations: Based on the studyfindings ,it can be concluded that the studied pregnant women had satisfactory level of knowledge as well as unsatisfactory practices regarding COVID 19. It seems that there is a great need for further studies  to assess the effect of COVID 19 on pregnancy outcome.


This study was conducted on sets of yarns produced by two different texturing processes. One set was generated via conventional technology with predrawn feeder yarn, whereas the second set was produced by simultaneous drawing and twisting of an undrawn feed yarn. "Grab samples" obtained from zones throughout the processes permitted discernment, to a degree not previously reported, of intraprocess changes in yarn structural and physical attributes. To correlate changes in fine structure with specific properties of the textured yarn, comparisons of output from each of the two contrasted processes (and in some instances within each process) were obtained by the following techniques: stress-strain, density, rates of chain scission during aminolysis, wide-angle x-ray diffraction, and electron microscope studies. Details about process parameters for yarn systems are also presented, along with twist levels and twist contractions in the preheater, heater, and output zones.


The study collected volatile gas from leaves and wood of 5 Taxodiaceae species: Crytomeria fortunei,Cumminghamia lanceolata,Metasequoia glyptostroboedes,Taxodium ascendeus and Taxodium distinchum,in Nanyue, Jin'an,Lin'an,and analyzed the chemical components and their relative content in the volatile gas by GC/MS/DS.Results show that monoterpene and Sesquiterpene are the main components of the gas.The relative content of the tow components in volatile gas from leaves and wood of Crytomeria fortunei is respectively 96.89% and 98.84%;that of Cumminghamia lanceolata is 95.60% and 96.34%;that of Metasequotia glyptostroboedes is 99.03% and 97.69%;that of Taxodium ascendens is 98.83% and 94.91%;and that of Taxodium distichum is 95.77% and 96.71%.The results indicate that the main components of volatile gas of Taxodiaceae species are monoterpene and Sesquiterpene that are of diverse physiological functions.It can be concluded that the 5 taxodiaceae species are ideal healthcare tree species and are of tourism development value.


With a larger scale of renewable energy connected to the power system, lack of regulation capacity becomes a serious problem for generation expansion planners. Flexible resources from the supply side and demand side arouse great interest. In this paper, a two-stage generation expansion planning model considering the impacts of demand response is established to study how resources from the demand side optimize the planning scheme. A case study based on XJTU-ROTS2017 is introduced to verify the efficiency of the model. And three cases are set to compare optimal results which show that with the implementation of demand response, the expansion capacity of conventional power sources can be reduced to some degree and the load curve can be modified. Based on the comparison among four cases, the importance of calling on large-scale, regular demand response participation can be concluded.


In this work, we look for the existence and uniqueness of a function u = u(x,t), x ∈ Ω ,t ∈ (0,T) solution of the nonlinear boundary value problem by the elliptic regularization technics. 1 Notations and position of the problem Let Ω an open bounded domain of R n , with regular boundary Γ.We denot by Q the cylinder R n × Rt : Q =Ω × ]0 ,T [, with boundary Σ. L designe


Placing 'liberal democracy' as a polar opposite to 'participatory democracy' is less than helpful, particularly in the African situation. In this article I suggest an alternative approach to democracy which I think is more constructive, and which, equally, I think, will prove useful in guiding our thinking about political participation.


The multistate sliding window system (SWS) comprises [Formula: see text] multistate components arranged in a line; each group of [Formula: see text] consecutive multistate components is considered as a window. If the total performance rate in a window does not meet the predetermined demand [Formula: see text], then that window is regarded as a failure. The SWS fails if and only if there exists at least one failed window. Several researchers have considered the component assignment problem for the SWS with the aim of finding an appropriate component arrangement that maximizes system reliability. Such an arrangement is called the optimal arrangement. Although several metaheuristic and heuristic algorithms have been proposed, an exact algorithm for solving the component assignment problem of the SWS has not been developed thus far. Therefore, in this study, a branch-and-bound-based algorithm is developed to determine the optimal arrangement of the SWS efficiently. Furthermore, a recursive method is proposed to compute the system reliability. Combining the branch-and-bound-based algorithm with the recursive method enables reduction of the complexity of the reliability computations for determining the optimal arrangement. To investigate the efficiency of the branch-and-bound-based algorithm, numerical experiments were conducted; it was observed that the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have the maximum effect on computation time, whereas parameter [Formula: see text] has minimal effect. The proposed algorithm is useful for improving the reliability of a practical system that can be expressed as an SWS. In addition, the optimal arrangements can be used to measure the heuristic and metaheuristic performances because they guarantee global optimality.


A layout of a memory cell of a dual-port semiconductor memory device provides for one memory cell that includes a total of eight transistors, including two NMOS scan transistors. Among the transistors, two PMOS transistors and six NMOS transistors are disposed in one N-well area and one contiguous P-well area of a semiconductor substrate, respectively. The N-well area is disposed at a corner of the memory cell for improving efficiency of the layout. Since one N-well area and one P-well area are formed in the semiconductor substrate, the size of an isolated area between the N-well area and the P-well area can be reduced, thus also reducing the size of a memory cell.


1. Introduction to Volume, Erin K. Anderson and Catherine Richards Solomon 2. University Family-friendly Policies: Professors' Experiences and Perceptions, Catherine Richards Solomon 3. Do Work/Life Policies Matter? The Importance of Work/Life Policies for Faculty Intentions to Quit, Catherine Berheide and Rena Linden 4. Could I be THAT Guy: The Influence of Campus Climate on Paternity Leave Use, Erin K. Anderson 5. Caring for Aging Parents: Balancing the Personal and Professional in Academia, Rona J. Karasik, Debra L. Berke, and Scott D. Scheer 6. Introduction to Case Studies Section, Erin K. Anderson and Catherine Richards Solomon 7. A Tale of Two Policies: Lessons Learned in Writing and Adopting Parental Leave Policies at a University, Brandy A. Randall and Virginia Clark Johnson 8. Changing Work/Life Policy in Institutions of Higher Education: A Case Study, Leslie E. Tower 9. Understanding Family and Medical Leave at a Large Public University, Stacey Oliker and Amanda I. Seligman 10. Life Happens: The Vilas Life Cycle Professorship Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Jennifer Sheridan, Christine Maidl Pribbenow, Molly Carnes, Jo Handelsman, and Amy Wendt 11. Discussion, Erin K. Anderson and Catherine Richards Solomon


Objectives: To study pregnancy outcomes in growth restricted fetuses with normal umbilical artery velocimetry, low end-diastolic umbilical flow, and absent or reversed diastolic flow. Methods: Fifty pregnant women with growth restricted fetuses were evaluated by umbilical artery velocimetry between 28 and 39 weeks of pregnancy. Outcome of pregnancy was recorded for the normal Doppler group (n=17; 34%), the low end diastolic flow group (n=23; 46%), the group with absent diastolic flow (n=8; 16%) and the group with reversed diastolic flow (n=2; 4%). Results: The average birth weight, diagnosis to delivery interval and gestational age at delivery were comparatively lower in case of abnormal umbilical Doppler velocimetry group. Again there was higher incidence of LSCS for fetal distress, Apgar score <7 at 1 minute, admission to neonatal intensive care unit and perinatal death with those of the abnormal umbilical Doppler velocimetry. Conclusion: Doppler study of umbilical artery allows a noninvasive assessment of uteroplacental insufficiency and is an accurate method for diagnosis and management of fetal growth retardation. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(1): 12-17


Data and facilities were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research
program, funded by the National Science Foundation's LongTerm
Ecological Research
Program (DEB 1440409), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon
State University. My pay was provided by a grant to Dr. Christoph Thomas from
the National Science Foundation, AGS 0955444.


Agriculture is at the focal point of Indian economy and any significant change in the area prompts a multiplier impact on the whole economy. With around 17% commitment to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), it gives work to over half of the labor force( i.e.50%). The biggest businesses of the nation like sugar,textiles, food handling and so forth are reliant on horticulture and the associated administrations for their crude materials. The significant harvests filled in India incorporate paddy, wheat, beats , consumable oil and cultivation. Alongside this poultry, fishery and creature farming are other major unified administrations. Yet, in spite of the powerful interest, alluring freedoms and strategy support, the area experiences excessive cost instability , low pay among ranchers, slanted MSP rates and absence of credit offices. Subsequently there is a requirement for a drawn out methodology to evaluate request and supply and to figure costs for crops. Being a grain driven agribusiness, the costs of paddy, wheat and grains are of the most significance. Costs of vegetables like potato, tomato, onion additionally should be firmly observed as they sway the food swelling rates in the country. Also the costs of 24 items under the MSP system including 8 oil seeds , crude cotton, crude jute and copra are essential in choosing least help costs just as choosing obtainment costs for the Public Distribution System(PDS). Subsequently farming costs straightforwardly sway the pay of makers and the food security of the country. These time series data related with agrarian costs can be utilized for forecasting present moment and long haul value gauges. It can assist with distinguishing examples and occasional varieties in costs particularly as for creation during kharif, rabi and zaid seasons. Estimating of farming costs are additionally significant for deciding sponsorship rates, least help costs, send out costs etc.Thus observing and controlling horticultural value unpredictability and preplanning strategies to moderate any unfavorable circumstances. Time arrangement of harvest costs can likewise assist with comprehension, decipher and clarify cases of monetary emergency in the farming area. Mediation investigation of such time arrangement can likewise give us experiences into understanding the effect of unexpected value changes over different areas and generally economy. In addition farming value estimates are fundamental in deciding dangers in agri-product prospects and choices exchanging markets. ABSTRACT


In the era of cloud computing, the blade server is the basis of the poly system. For the blade sever has the features of high calculating density and flexible management, it is especially suitable for the information-intensivetypes coal enterprise. Begins with an overview of application of cloud computing on coal industry, introduces the performance and feature of the blade server, analyzes the blade server application in the coal industry value, blade sever are illustrated in the application of information management and construction in coal enterprise through a case, and finally offers reference to the promotion and application of cloud computing in the coal industry.


Memory card 30 includes a key information issued by the key issuing authority, which is the the version of the latest revocation list key information is issued at the time which is generated, information associated with the key information version a storage unit 302 for storing the information, the revocation list reception unit 304 that receives the revocation list is added version, revocation list reception unit 304 is a version of the revocation list that has been received with the version information and a version verification unit 308 for comparing the version of the revocation list is the older than the version information, inhibiting the processing of the revocation list writing unit 309.


Objective:To observe the efficacy and practicability of Disease Details Management regimen intervention in patients with hypertension. Methods:Totally 83 subjects were divided into intervention group and control group. Intervention group received Disease details management regiment intervention on the basement of methods in control group. After 6 months, The intervention programs for the intervention group included disease management by special care managers who enhance communication between physicians and patients,promote medication compliance and give guidance of health lifestyle for patients; collect the related information on blood pressure,etc. As well as feedback from patients for community practitioners; and community-based management information platforms and patient management tool were also developed and applied. Before and after treatment blood pressure were detected so as to compare the Intervention group andthe control group. Results :The differences were all significant(P0.05) between the two groups before and after intervention in blood pressure. Conclusion :Disease details management program for aging people with hypertension is effective to improve the degrees of awareness of related knowledge and control of the blood pressure.


Rationale: The DNMTP task measures short-term / working memory uncontaminated by learning capacity,  spatial abilities, motor performance or general motivational and arousal factors. However, DNMTP training  of rats can take two months, and we aimed to reduce this. Methods: Two experiments were conducted on rats  in an operant DNMTP task. Improvements were made on the training procedure. The method was validated  by replicating the effect of scopolamine on working memory. The experiments also explored the influence  of physostigmine in reversing impairment induced by scopolamine. Thus in experiment 1, ten Lewis rats  were trained in an operant DNMTP task (1, 2, 4 and 8 s delay intervals) before 9 of them received vehicle,  scopolamine, saline or combinations of scopolamine and physostigmine. In experiment 2, ten Lewis rats (5  old and 5 young) were trained in the same task (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 s delay intervals). There were six treatments:  0.05 mg/kg scopolamine, 0.1 mg/kg physostigmine or 0.15 mg/kg physostigmine, control involving  saline or involving no injection and no handling, and finally a combined treatment of 0.05mg/kg scopolamine  and 0.15 mg/kg physostigmine. In both experiments scopolamine significantly reduced correct  responses, nose-pokes and lever presses compaired to control conditions. Furthermore, in experiment 2,  there was insignificant difference between saline and combined scopolamine/physostigmine for correct  responses and for delay prior to pressing the sample lever. As expected, there was significant difference  between scopolamine and combined scopolamine/physostigmine for correct responses, for delay prior to  pressing the sample lever and for delay prior to pressing the non-matching lever. As a result, the animals  were ready for drug injection after 17 days from habituation and the method ensured that there were no dropouts  due to left or right lever preference. This is a shorter training period than previously thought necessary.  The brief training method was validated by replicating the effect of scopolamine on working memory.Â


and has the built-in flexibility to use fixed and disposable 96-well manifolds interchangeably. The system can be used for mediumto high-throughput sample dispensing for compound logistics, assay development, and primary and secondary drug-screening processes, as well as PCR and sequencing reaction setup procedures used in genomics. Aquarius has the added benefit of being used as either a stand-alone or in conjunction with exist ing automated pipetting equipment. Researchers who need pipetting vol umes of 1 to 200μL will find that Aquarius—whether configured with either a fixedor disposable-tip 96-channel pipetting head—is an ideal choice for their pipetting needs. In one process, it is easy to switch between either disposable or fixed tips. Configured with a fixed-tip 384-channel head, Aquarius delivers vol umes in an impressive 200-nL to 50μL range. With its 3 lanes of 3 pipetting posi tions, Aquarius offers a remarkable amount of useable deck space in a small footprint. For automated storage, re trieval, and delivery of microplates, the system will be fully compatible with Tecan's soon to be launched Autoloader. By supporting a wide range of multi channel pipetting applications, Aquarius offers researchers a powerful highthroughput dispensing system for the drug discovery or genomics laboratory. For more information, visit www.tecan.com.


During the last decade there has been a growing interest in public participation in operation and in decision making, in the public sector as a whole as well as in the public park sector in Sweden. The aim of the thesis was to study and analyse user participation in public park management and maintenance. The methods employed were studies of literature, studies of historical source material, two surveys and eight case studies. The thesis discusses four questions: Which are the prerequisites for users participation?; Does user participation affect the benefits of parks for the non-participants?; Does user participation affect the basis for park management?; Does user participation affect parks? The thesis also discusses the concepts of parks, public park departments, public park management, users and user participation. There were several reasons for participation, e.g.; the need to improve neighbourhood environment; to protect play- and sports ground from being closed down or to enjoy the possibilities of outdoor work together with friends. Knowledge of the opportunities to participate, an easy access to, and an informal dialog with, the employees of the park departments facilitated participation. The case studies gave examples of an increased use of parks as a result of participation. Case studies and surveys, however, gave examples of the risk of park spaces being privatize by means of intentional or unintentional territory marking. Participation called for new qualifications for the employees to be able to co-operate with both professional actors and unprofessional actors. The financial effect of user participation could be both positive and negative, but was as a whole insignificant. Though there was a widespread anxiety about maintenance-mistakes or self-interest decisions that could come out of participation, in several of the case studies participation meant better maintenance of the concerned parks.


Starting from the literature in the field, the article has discussed and formalized the concept of fairness, as well as reporting on specific evaluation indexes. Fairness indexes have been computed for some resource allocation methods applied to satellite systems taken in the literature, giving numerical examples on which to comment. The analysis has shown that the fairness concept has different meanings and, consequently, must be measured through different indexes. Allocation algorithms may be fair concerning one index and unfair concerning another one (the case of NBS is evident from this viewpoint). This aspect underlines the importance of having a precise definition of fairness within a scientific work to avoid ambiguities. In summary, the MMF and Jain fairness indexes' results are in agreement concerning the order when the fading factor varies and the bandwidth is fixed (meaning given bandwidth C, if β' > β", IJF|β',C > IJF|β",C and IMMF|β',C > IMMF|β",C), but the slopes of the curves provided by the two indexes are different, also from the concavity viewpoint, and IJF increases and decreases less quickly by varying bandwidth. Moreover, the MMF index neglects the bandwidth distribution among stations, while the Jain fairness index measures the degree of bandwidth distribution. The PF index has a different aim: it not only considers the amount of provided bandwidth and the channel status concerning fading but also weights the bandwidth use and the possible user revenue through a utility function. Because the objectives are different, the results provided by allocation schemes that take PF as a reference (also implicitly) provide different results from the algorithms that have inspiration from MMF and/or Jain fairness.


Hospitals are the social systems, which combine science, people and technology and are form on the basis of mutual interests. Human resources have been described as "The heart of the health system in any country". Human resource development in the hospital is directed by various physical and psychological factors. Modern researches have proved that not only fine materials, sophisticated technology, good working conditions make for progress and effectiveness of an organization but employees motivation, performance, abilities and skills plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of organization. In modern hospitals, different categories of staff work in different capacities. The doctors, the nursing staff, different types of technicians, management personnel contribute substantially to the smooth functioning of the hospital. Hospital employees are supposed to work with the single motto of making available to the patients, the services upto their expectations. Nurses play an integral role in the healthcare system. This is why they have been correctly referred to as the heart of healthcare. Being a nurse is one of the most demanding professions in the world and needs a lot of dedication and commitment to the job. Humans perform optimally when satisfied with their work. Job satisfaction is determined by the degree to which the characteristics of a job fulfil a person's needs. The higher the balance of satisfaction over dissatisfaction, the more likely it is that an individual will play an active role in the fulfilment of organizational goals. The health care system can efficiently deliver the services with the assistance of nurses who find satisfaction in their jobs. This paper dwells on the roles of nurses and the impact of job satisfaction of nurses in both private and public hospitals and also the factors responsible for job satisfaction. This paper also evaluates the variables and their impact on job satisfaction. KEY WORDSjob satisfaction, paramedics, nurses, health workforce, variables Hospitals are the social systems, which combine science, people and technology and are form on the basis of mutual interests. Human resources have been described as "The heart of the health system in any country". Human resource development in the hospital is directed by various physical and psychological factors. Modern researches have proved that not only fine materials, sophisticated technology, good working conditions make for progress and effectiveness of an organization but employees motivation, performance, abilities and skills plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of organization. As multidimensional changes are occurring in the medical sciences in addition to the changes in the behavior profile of patients, management personnel and human resources in the hospital is given due weightage. Hospitals need sophisticated technologies and skilled personnel for a good patient care. It is difficult to offer quality healthcare services to patients because of unavailability of professionally sound, technically skilled and personally committed personnel in hospital. Strong educational efforts, employee training and development practices benefits hospital in various ways. Hospitals need to deal with improving the patient experience as a long term strategic goal that leads to continued growth. Improvement in patient experience and satisfaction in healthcare organizations is important for future survival. The speed at which change is occurring, the availability of technology needed to deliver quality care, and the expertise and style of health care resource management available may also influence quality. Entry-level knowledge, skills and understandings of hospital employees are affected by the quality of the basic educational system, the links between the health education and hospital industry and the extent to which the educational system promotes continuing learning skills. The ability of the existing employees to acquire new skills may also be limited as they need support from management to carry out further education and training. © 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRT006013 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 79 The hospitals are focusing towards patient safety and care by creating skilled professionals. A significant competitive growth strategy will lead to higher quality care, more satisfied staff, fewer preventable medical mistakes, fewer malpractice, law suits and an improved financial bottom line. Performance of health care personnel depends on the environment in the hospital and the management whether they provide training programs for employees or not. Hospitals need to improve the quality of the care provided and maintain the depth of health service coverage. Most of the multispecialty hospitals are introducing changes in healthcare delivery system as per technological changes and growing expectations of quality. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Goodale Hall et.al. conducted a survey in understating how they perceive the phrase "Quality of Life". From the study they could conclude that the most frequently mentioned components defining Quality of Life were psychological well-being, the work environment, realizing or working towards one's aim in life and the social environment provided to him. The authors viewed hat it is safe to conclude that the work environment not only one of the most important domains in people's lives, but also contains many of the components of Quality of Life. Therefore, this domain plays an important part in the individual's general Quality of Life and sense of well-being. Barry et.al. in their paper assessing the methodology of Job satisfaction among paramedical staff and organizational effectiveness described the development and implementation of a standardized set of definitions, measure and costing methods for behavioral outcomes. Kavoussi et.al. in their paper compared unauthorized absenteeism rates between two large textile factories in Isfahan, Iran. The study could make the finding that the working conditions in the sample factories were unsatisfactory. The study could also find that there is a significant relationship between absenteeism rates and age and length of employment. The study suggested that workers' dissatisfactory toward unsatisfactory working conditions may be expressed in terms of unauthorized absenteeism. In view of the widespread consequences of such absenteeism, it is recommended that closer attention be paid to improve the Job Satisfaction of Paramedical employees. Lawler in their study identified that cross nation experiences amply demonstrate the improvement in Job satisfaction among paramedical staff which has definite potential and scope for improving productivity and overall organizational effectiveness. Haughey et.al. in their study on "Job Satisfaction of Paramedical employees and Rural Teachers Perception" attempted to understand the option of the rural teachers on working condition; professional autonomy and interaction with students and administration were obtained. The result of the study indicated that the teachers were far from satisfied with their Job Satisfaction of Paramedical employees. Cacioppie et.al. in their study of on Australian public and private sector employees could statistically established that the Quality of Work experience is not a uni-dimensional construct. Factor analysis was carried out for the subsects of public and private employees. The result revealed that for public employees five first order and one second order were identified as underlying their perception of Job satisfaction among paramedical staff experience, the first order being (1) Efficiency, (2) Management, (3) Development, (4) Affiliation and (5) Atmosphere. The second order factor was (1) Job satisfaction among paramedical staff especially the Managements role. Further the result of private employee revealed that six first order factors and one second factor were identified. The first order factors were: (1) Nature of Work, (2) Management, (3) Social utility. (4) Meetings, (5) Efficiency, (6) Atmosphere and the second order factor was Quality of Work Life. Herman in his article on Job satisfaction among paramedical staff emphasized on quality circles, flex time and wellness in the workplace for improving America's business. Levine et.al. studied the perceptions of white collar employees including supervisors and managers of an American company. These people participated in Delhi panel for defining Quality of Work Life. Results of the study revealed that Job satisfaction among paramedical staffis a unidimensional construct with as many as 7 times emerging from a total of 86 Job satisfaction among paramedical stafftopics. These include: a) The degree to which superiors treat employee with respect and have confidence in their abilities, b) Variety of daily work routine, c) Challenge of work, d) Present work load to future opportunities, e) Self-esteem, f) Extent to which life outside of work that affect life at work and g) Extent to which work contributes to society. Further responses to 7 item scale from a sample of 450 employees revealed that Job satisfaction among paramedical staffmeasure was extremely reliable. © 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRT006013 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 80 Stouffer et.al. found that in the Military, factors such as ambition to become an officer, level of education, the chance to choose the post and appointment formed the important factor of job satisfaction. Satisfactory was also associated with formal status and with informal status (for example: Men in more prestigious corps were more likely to be satisfied with their jobs than men in other branches). Rice et.al. in their study could identify that there is a significant relationship betwee


Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic and contagious disease of cattle and other domestic and wild animals including human, Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is a causative agent which is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. A disease is Characterized by tuberculous lesions occur most frequently in the lungs and the retropharyngeal, bronchial and mediastenal lymph nodes and can be transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa with the most common means of transmission is through the respiratory system. Nowadays human tuberculosis of animal origin (zoonotic TB) is an important public health concern in developing countries, the highest incidence of bTB is generally found in areas where intensive dairy systems are practiced and Currently the BTB in humans is becoming increasingly important in developing countries, as humans and animals are sharing the same microenvironment and dwelling premises, especially in rural areas. As well as causing a high morbidity, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) can also be a financial burden to farmers owning infected cattle; it has been suggested that cattle with BTB have a reduced productivity affecting milk yield and carcass value as well as through reduced pulling power in traditional farming system. Because of economic and the public health hazards inherent in the retention of the tuberculous animals, antituberculous chemotherapy of animals is discouraged so slaughter or testand-segregation methods is the best controlled methods of the disease and in the globe especially in developing countries there is a habit of milk consumption on raw form so that there should be milk pasteurization plant in the locality to secure milk origin of tuberculosis infected animals.


Impurity plays a major role in pharmaceuticals therefore profiling of impurity is very important. There are various forms of impurities incorporated in the pharmaceuticals. These impurities are classified into three main categories such as organic, inorganic and residual solvents. Organic impurities include intermediate, starting material, degradation products, reagents, ligands, catalyst and by products. Whereas inorganic impurities are heavy metals, residual solvent, inorganic salt, filter-aids, charcoal and reagents. In pharmaceuticals impurities originate from various sources like formulation related impurities, synthetic intermediates, impurities arising during storage, impurities related to stereochemistry of the compound and most important is functional group related impurities. There are several methods used for the identification of impurities in pharmaceuticals but characterization of impurities is an important method of identification. Characterization includes nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). There are some recent hyphenated techniques for impurity profiling coupled with mass spectrometry like LC-MS, LC-MS-MS, GC-MS, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-DAD-NMR-MS, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and tandem spectrometry.


Abstract : The work involved an evaluation of the usefulness of epoxy and polyimide in asbestos paper or asbestos mat reinforced laminates. Initially, a crocidolite asbestos mat laminated with a polyimide resin was considered a good candidate, but process optimization studies failed to raise flexural strengths above the 20,000-30,000 psi level. The problem appeared to be one of inadequate wetting of the asbestos fibers, in combination with the excessive volatiles now inherent in the polyimide system itself. Fundamental studies later pointed out the asbestos fibers are very sensitive to buckling, and that voids in the resin matrix cannot be tolerated. Hydroclaving at 30,000 psi was also used in an attempt to alleviate this problem. Eventually, however, it was found that dilute methyl ethyl ketone solutions of epoxy resins - which do not develop volatiles and the consequent voids - provided the best impregnation. Crocidolite and epoxy composites were optimized at about 25 weight percent resin, 2.4 g/cc specific gravity, and 1.5 (or less) volume percent void content. Processing pressures of 1000-5000 psi were required.


: The purpose of this review study was to analyze the contents and dimensions covered in research on Physical Education in elementary education, published in the main Brazilian journals in the area of Physical Education in the period ranging from 2010 to 2019. For this, a search was performed in each volume and number of journals in the respective period. The results revealed the thematization of a diversity of contents, such as sports, games, fights, gymnastics, dances, body adventure practices, and contemporary themes (health, leisure, work). Studies have shown that sports content was prevalent, especially those related to invasion sports. In addition, most of the studies analyzed emphasized the procedural dimension, followed by studies that addressed the three dimensions of content. shows the number of studies published on the topic investigated in each journal in the period 2010–2019. The results revealed that Movimento journal has the highest number of published articles (23.6%), followed by Pensar a Prática (18%), Motrivivência (14.6%), RBCM (12.3%), RBCE (11 .2%), Revista da Educação (9%), RBEFE (7.9%), and Motriz (3.4%). In the period 2015–2019, 54 articles were published, which represents a 54.2% growth compared to the previous period (2010–2014), with emphasis on the years 2015 and 2017.


The white gorgonian, Eunicella singularis, is thriving in Mediterranean hard-bottom communities; however, data regarding its distribution and ecology remain absent and insufficient, particularly in the southern Mediterranean Sea.In this study, the population structure and disturbance levels of the most common gorgonian in Tunisia were assessed for the first time. During two years (2015-2016), a total of 818 colonies of E. singularis was surveyed in five coastal sites, by scuba diving, between 7 to 40 m depth. Collected data included density, colony height, and extent of injury. Mean population density was 11.91 ± 7.42 colonies per m2 (mean ± SD). Mean and maximum colony heights were 16.49 ± 5.59 cm and 51 cm, respectively. Among populations, mean extent of tissue injury differed considerably, ranging from 12.47% to 58.88% and most affected colonies showed old necrosis. These data regarding the demographic structure and level of injuries are needed to provide insights into the conservation status of the Tunisian population of E. singularis. Indeed, data on the amount of necrosis could highlight the strength of the colonies' exposure to mechanical impacts and are consequently crucial to study changes in their demographic structure over time. In fact, the size, structures, and the high level of tissue necrosis of the colonies suggest a low conservation status of the studied Tunisian populations.


During a three-year study, exotic vegetables were grown on a Decatur silt loam in north Alabama to assess adaptability, sustainability, yield, and quality. Initially, over 100 cultivars or plant introductions of nine vegetables were grown in observation rows to determine their suitability for conventional olericultural production practices with minimal pesticide input. From these 51 varieties of nine vegetables were evaluated in replicated trials. Among the more productive adapted vegetables (highest yielding cultivar) were edible podded pea, Pisum sativum macrocarporn ('Little Sweetie': 4,663 lbs/acre); long radish, Raphanus sativus ('Ha Kook KimJang': 4,641 lbs/acre); vegetable soybean, Glycine max (Unnamed Variety, Porter & Son: 7,454 lb/acre); seedless watermelon, Citrullus lanatus ('Quality': 36,931 lbs/acre); yard-long bean, Vigna unguicalata sesquipedalis ('Green Pod Red Seeded': 15, 173 lbs/acre); mung bean, Vigna radiata (AVRDC VC 1482: 2,040 lbs/acre); long eggplant, Solanum melongena ('Taiwan L...


The paper presents analysis of the imperative clause in Zargulla. The imperative is used to express directives both to humans and domestic animals, representing an overlapping area between inter-human and humanto-animal communication. In directives to humans, the imperative in Zargulla makes distinction between singular and plural addressee. Moreover, emphatic and negative imperatives as well as reported directives are morphologically distinguished. Directives to domestic animals include interjectional summonses and dispersal terms as well as a restricted set of verbal commands to take or not to take specific positions or directions of movement. In the verbal commands to domestic animals only the second person singular imperative form is used. As such, the forms used are not simple mimicry of the calls the animals make. Rather, they reflect a level of arbitrariness that is characteristic of human language. Although some mechanisms such as repetitions, shortening, nasalization of vowels, and/or alternating tone and intonation characterize directives to animals, Zargulla utterances used for addressing different domestic animal types are discrete units. They constitute a sub-system of the lexicon and grammar of the language which speakers must learn for communication.


The social brain hypothesis posits that frequent social interactions, characteristic of group living species, select for greater socio-cognitive abilities and the requisite neural machinery. An extension of the social brains hypothesis, known as the cooperative breeding brain hypothesis, postulates that cooperatively breeding species, which live in stable social groups and provide allocare, face particularly pronounced cognitive demands because they must recognize, remember, and differentially respond to multiple group members. These socio-cognitive challenges are thought to have selected for increased cognitive capacity, supported by a bigger brain. To test the prediction that cooperative breeders have larger brains, we performed a phylogenetically controlled comparison of the whole brain masses of adult fish from 16 closely related species of cooperatively and independently breeding lamprologine cichlid species from Lake Tanganyika. We collected data on brain mass from males of eight species of lamprolo...


Objective: To develop an e-learning programme about the risk of QTc-prolongation and to evaluate its impact on  knowledge. Methods: An e-learning programme, covering all aspects of QTc-prolongation, was developed and implemented in a Flemish pharmacy network. Pre-post knowledge tests and a satisfaction questionnaire were used to evaluate the impact. Results: Overall, 166 pharmacists completed the e-learning, pre-post knowledge tests and satisfaction questionnaire. The median score on the knowledge test before the e-learning was 9/19 (IQR 6-11); this increased to 16/19 (IQR 15-18; p <0.001) immediately after the e-learning, and 12/19 (IQR 10-14) ten months later. The median satisfaction score was 9/10 (IQR 8-10). Most pharmacists indicated that they were more confident about their knowledge after following the training, and that this knowledge can be used in practice. Conclusions: An e-learning about the risk of QTc-prolongation yielded high satisfaction scores among pharmacists. The training led to a significant increase in (long-term) knowledge.


Over a two year period, in-depth crash-injury investigations were performed on a comprehensive sample of accidents involving nearly two and a half thousand car occupants. The study covered a fixed geographical area being based on the catchment area of one large accident hospital. Included in the study were all car occupants, including those escaping injury, who were involved in any accident where one or more casualties attended the hospital. The sample was, therefore, as closely representative of the whole accident injury situation as was possible. This report shows the relative frequencies of the different types of accident configuration and the associated risks of injury for the different seating positions and use or non-use of seat belts. The different patterns and mechanisms of injury are given for the basic impact types and because of the comprehensive nature of the sample it has been possible to put the severe but less frequent injuries into perspective with those more commonly occurring. For the more important causes of injury, in terms of clinical severity or frequency, distributions of injury severities are given along with details of the specific types of injury sustained. (Author/TRRL)


This volume is not for the faint of heart. It's the real McCoy. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals is the leading textbook on early Cenozoic mammalian evolution available for teaching at the graduate level. It is authoritative, up-to-date, and full of references to corroborate synthetic overviews of major events in mammalian evolution. Ken Rose does his profession a service by providing a compact analysis of the history of the diverse Class Mammalia through the end of the Eocene Epoch and beyond. This book is a welcome, traditional synthesis of mammalian vertebrate paleontology. There are other more topical treatments of Mammalia that are important (e.g., Prothero and Emry, 1996; Janis et al., 1998, 2008; Rőssner and Heissig, 1999), but due to their focus, they are not global in aspect or expansive in geologic time embraced. In one volume, Ken Rose examines the evolution of all mammals during the first part of the "Age of Mammals." Necessarily, he examines the evolution of mammals during the "Age of Dinosaurs" as well. Mesozoic treatments are well-researched and presented in concise fashion, to set the stage for interpreting the phenomenal radiations of early Cenozoic mammals throughout the world. Ken admirably covers the globe in examining the Paleocene and Eocene fossil records, and can't resist discussing Oligocene faunas when relevant. He references Rose and Archibald (2005) for the morphological and molecular bases of recognizing relationships of ordinal level clades, but the latter volume is necessarily restricted to select fossil and extant representatives, without delving into the details of fossils and the fossil record. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals includes an introductory chapter that covers a great range of the current debate on end-Cretaceous extinction, the timing of crown group placental radiation, and recognition of supraordinal groups. Also tackled are classification, polarity and monophyly, geologic time, land mammal ages, paleocontinent geography, and Paleocene-Eocene floras. Ken Rose, the anatomist, pens a chapter on comparative anatomy, providing the basics for terminology used throughout the volume. Following are chapters on non-mammalian cynodonts and a "synopsis of Mesozoic mammal evolution," which includes multituberculates and their Cenozoic history. A chapter on Metatheria includes Paleogene fossils and their Mesozoic predecessors. For convenience and due to enigmatic ordinal level classification, earliest Eutheria are treated in one short chapter. The diversity of Mammalia, from its early history onward, unites this section of the book. Rose highlights new Mesozoic discoveries, injecting even early 2006 references into the text (e.g., citation of the semiaquatic docodont Castorocauda), but press time ruled out inclusion of the gliding Volaticotherium Meng et al. (2006). These early chapters lead toward chronicling the radiation of Eutheria as reflected in the Paleocene and Eocene fossil record. It seems that the first section of the volume was constructed differently from the remainder; some of the figure captions would benefit from expansion, some of their abbreviations are not given, and there is at least one figure misnumbered (fig. 4.20). Ken Rose tackles Paleogene mammalian diversity first with a chapter on Cimolesta, a subset of Superorder Ferae. Cimolesta includes many extinct groups plus pholidotes, and possibly stem taxa for other radiations. Admittedly then, content of Cimolesta is not stable — but that is science. Pholidotes are saved for treatment with Xenarthra in a later chapter. Pantolestida seem popular recently. Whether the bite of pentacodontid pantolestids could deliver venom seems unlikely according to Folinsbee et al. (2007), and ptolemaiid pantolestids appear to have continued into the Miocene of Africa (Cote et al., 2007), but that revelation emerged too recently for this volume. Rose excels in his presentation of creodonts and carnivorans. His treatment of Insectivora is also excellent, and departs from McKenna and Bell (1997) in including leptictids as sister taxon to lipotyphlans. Obviously, Rose is partial to Archontans, which is shown especially by the thirty pages devoted to Primates. Ungulates are difficult to manage in a book because one has to juggle artiodactyls and whales in the same breath. Also, what do you do with perissodactyls and tethytheres? Well, for a book, you just put them in separate chapters. Cladistically, one must remind the reader that all of these, with South American ungulates, appear to be related to a core radiation of early Cenozoic mammals traditionally called condylarths. In Chapter 12, Ken first expands upon condylarths, one of his favorite groups, plus South American ungulates (but I have to say that typotheres don't appear to be monophyletic). Tethytheres, including sirenians, proboscideans, and those lovable desmostylians, are one of the more robust higher level taxa. Their unity with hyracoids and perissodactyls is defended by McKenna and Bell (1997) and is accepted in Chapter 13, but called into molecular question and linked with Afrotheria elsewhere (see Rose and Archibald, 2005). All are treated here as Altungulata, but that higher taxon may not stand the test of continued research. Ken's thorough presentation of the fossil records of these groups is exemplified by his discussion of early perissodactyls, with its informative analysis of their postcranial anatomy. Cete and Artiodactyla follow, and their relationships are explored. Artiodactyla — that diverse taxon with lots of early Cenozoic familylevel groupings — are considered monophyletic here, but alternative relationships with Cete are discussed. Morphological and molecular data converge on the conclusion that Cete are the sister taxon to anthracotheres + hippos. All Paleocene-Eocene artiodactyl groups receive good coverage in this chapter. Pecoran ruminants are one of the mammalian groups that underwent a tremendous Neogene radiation. Although diverse in the early Miocene, many family level groups are unknown in the Paleogene. Consequently, these are barely noted in this volume (and dromomerycids don't even appear in the classification). Which brings us to Anagalida, the core of which is the Cenozoic radiation of Glires (rodents plus lagomorphs). Anagalida is an inclusive taxon meant to incorporate potential Glires relatives, namely Cretaceous zalambdalestids, early Cenozoic Anagale and Pseudictops, and the living Order Macroscelidea (elephant shrews). Whether any of these has a special relationship with Glires is controversial, and molecular work now argues that Macroscelidea belong with Afrotheria. Rose notes the intriguing idea that macroscelideans share postcranial features with hyopsodontids. Despite the tradition of aligning Glires with the groups noted above, there is little that holds them together, and the evolutionary story here is really that of Glires. This chapter mentions mimotonids and eurymylids, and lagomorphs are covered quickly. Probably we underestimate pre-ochotonid, pre-leporid lagomorph diversity (by the way, generally their incisors are not laterally compressed as they are in rodents). Rodents receive traditional treatment that encapsulates their morphological range, which is reasonable for the allotted space. However, morphologists (see McKenna and Bell, 1997, who attempt to break away from traditional suborders by adding suborders Sciuravida and Anomaluromorpha to Sciuromorpha, Myomorpha, Hystricognatha) and molecular biologists (e.g., Horner et al., 2007, who also distinguish anomalurids) are revolutionizing our notions of how rodents evolved. In a few years, rodent classifications will look entirely different from those of the 20 century. For now, Rose offers a brief global survey of latest Paleocene, Eocene, and some Oligocene rodents, sufficient to underscore diversity, paleobiogeography, and the obvious room for future Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):312–313, March 2009 # 2009 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology


Previous studies in mutual funds were focused mainly on the US market. The general belief is thatmutual funds in average cannot outperform the market. We decided to test this theory in the lessstud ...


The Modulation Transfer Function is a common metric used to quantify image quality but inter-pixel crosstalk analysis is also of interest. Because of an important number of parameters influencing MTF, its analytical calculation and crosstalk predetermination are not an easy task for a CMOS image sensor. A dedicated test chip (using a technology optimized for imaging applications) has been developed in order to get both MTF data and influence of the various areas of the pixel to its own response and the one of its neighbors. In order to evaluate the contribution of pixel elementary patterns (particularly the in-pixel readout circuitry), several kernels of shielded pixels have been implemented with the central pixel locally unmasked. The results obtained with pixel kernels and direct MTF measurements, performed on the same chip at different wavelengths, are analyzed and compared in order to correlate them and draw conclusions that can be applied at the design level. Additional data resulting from spotscan measurements allow us to verify our hypothesis on different pixels.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association of characteristics of patients and general practices with patient assessment of quality of care.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional multi-practice study using the general practice assessment survey.

SETTING
General practices in Australia.

PARTICIPANTS
Ninety-six general practices and 7505 chronic illness patients aged >or=18 years.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Access of care and patient-centredness.

RESULTS
Two factors were identified in factor analysis: 'Access of care' and 'Patient-centredness'. Multilevel regression analysis showed significant associations between patients' assessments and patient and practice characteristics. Patients from smaller practices (one to three general practitioners) reported better access to care compared with larger practices. Patients from urban areas were more satisfied with patient-centredness than those from rural areas. Self-reported health status and age had a positive and home ownership, employment and education, and patients from non-English-speaking countries a negative relationship with both scores. Females were more satisfied with patient-centredness.

CONCLUSIONS
Patient assessments of quality of care and patient-centredness were strongly associated with practice and patient characteristics. This has important implications for interpreting assessments of the quality of primary care, and for policy and practice measures designed to improve this.


To perform correct measurements on a true digital audio amplifier (TDAA), it is important to understand the characteristics of the device, especially in comparison with conventional linear amplifiers such as class-A and class-AB. This report provides an overview of TI's proprietary digital amplification technology and information about how measurements on TDAA's must be performed in order to obtain correct results.


PURPOSE: A high power board breaker is provided to increase revenue through increase of electrical power sales by shortening power outage time. CONSTITUTION: A phase protecting relay(1) and an under voltage relay are installed in a customer premise to determine accurately the restoring status of voltage. A breaker is turned off according to the operation of overload current relay in a situation when malfunction occurs in a customer premise. A first contact point of a first coil is inserted in the excited state of the first coil. A second contact point of a second coil is inserted in the excited state of the second coil.


After painstaking efforts in collecting accounting information - in the midst of non-availability of scientifically-cum-published information apart from none-to-satisfactory haphazard accounting data kept in disjointed files leading to non-availability of the required information as and when needed. The author has after detailed analysis of the case studies of two government companies. ADARICE production (Nigeria) ltd., and Maharashtra Khadi and value Industries Board; Handmade Paper Institute applying the unique Wall-Dunning Measure of Testing Creditability has come to the conclusion that both companies are sick and has proposed financial management measures to overcome their sickness.


The importance of an interface that associates the macroworld and the microworld is indicated. The interface is composed mainly of actuators, sensors, and microcomputers. It enables users to feel the microscopic phenomenon as if they were in the macroworld.

In life sciences and medical and biological engineering, there are increasing demands for implementing fabrication, assembly, inspection, modification, and/or evaluation at the micron or submicron scale. To achieve this, the development of new materials and devices that can realize the required functions and movements at a microscopic level becomes mandatory. For instance, great power output, large displacement, and quick response are often required for functional materials, and safety, stability, and flexibility are the primary concern for structural applications. The gap between the macroworld and the microworld needs to be bridged naturally by using advanced devices and smart materials. In these respects, it is believed that giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) is one of the most promising materials for satisfying such requirements.

Although there are some drawbacks in GMMs such as expensive material cost, rather poor corrosion resistance, heat generation by the driving coil, and eddy currents at high frequency excitation, however, fairly stable and robust performance can be obtained by choosing driving conditions according to the applications to be used.

Keywords:

Materials;
Dynamics;
Manufacturing processes;
Power metallurgical method;
Actuator;
Design;
Bridgman method;
Applications


Loss-of-function mutations in the Parkin gene are known to lead to Parkinson disease. In neurons, Parkin is critical for removing dysfunctional mitochondria via autophagy. The protein is also expressed in the heart, but its role there is largely unknown. In this Paper of the Week, a team led by Åsa B. Gustafsson at the University of California, San Diego, used genetically engineered mice missing the Parkin gene. By comparing these mice with wild-type mice, they found that the absence of Parkin did not affect mitochondrial turnover under normal conditions. However, during stress conditions, such as a myocardial infarction that simulates a heart attack, the protein was necessary for the heart muscle, or myocardium, to adapt to the stress by helping to remove damaged mitochondria by autophagy. The data suggest that Parkin plays a critical role in repairing damage in cells after a heart attack.


Active diffusing light pipes (such as hollow tubular lighting) are means of directing and diffusion light (daylight or electrical light) into interior spaces. The two principal objectives of this paper are : 1) to show the development of an advanced new light pipe simulation model and 2) to compare this optical model with another Visual Ergonomics lighting simulation model. The optical model of a diffusing light pipe was realized for the facility of the simulation using the Apilux software. This optical model is created by reflective mirrors with variable transparence. The Apilux optical model are designed from the analytical models of efficiency calculation (see section 1). The Visual Ergonomics lighting model are designed by starting from measurement results (photometrical characterization of a diffusing light pipe).


The technological market is increasingly evolving as evidenced by the innovative and streamlined manufacturing processes. Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) are widely employed in the electronics fabrication industry, resorting to the Gerber open standard format to transfer the manufacturing data. The Gerber format describes not only metadata related to the manufacturing process but also the PCB image. To be able to map the electronic circuit pattern to be printed, a parser to convert Gerber files into a bitmap image is required. The current literature as well as available Gerber viewers and libraries showed limitations mainly in the Gerber format support, focusing only on a subset of commands. In this work, the development of a recursive descent approach for parsing Gerber files is described, outlining its interpretation and the renderization of 2D bitmap images. All the defined commands in the specification based on Gerber X2 generation were successfully rendered, unlike the tested commercial parsers used in the experiments. Moreover, the obtained results were comparable to those parsers regarding the commands they can execute as well as the ground-truth, emphasizing the accuracy of the proposed approach. Its top-down and recursive architecture allows easy integration with other software regardless of the platform, highlighting its potential inclusion and integration in the production of electronic circuits.


Japanese Geisha Diplomacy is an important effort of the Japanese government in changing the international community's perception of Japan in treating women. This article seeks to analyze the Geisha Diplomacy in the context of the impact it has on the perceptions of members of the Republic of Indonesia Veterans Legion (LVRI) towards Japan. The analysis in this paper uses the concepts of cultural diplomacy, women's diplomacy and perception theory. Analysis of the perceptions of members of the Republic of Indonesia Veterans Legion (LVRI) shows that their perception of Japan is increasingly positive, especially after the emergence of Geisha Diplomacy by Japan.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss the origins and dimensions of globalization and analyze the globalized economy at the end of this millenium, focusing especially the Brazilian political, economic and social context. The challenges imposed by this context on contemporary educational managers will be presented and their role in the construction of a developed and just society will be emphasized. In contemporary world, when more and more families can buy a microcomputer and information is becoming more easily available, the challenge faced by school administrators is to know when and where it is proper and necessary to integrate new technologies into their schools. They need to face many challenges to construct a school capable of preparing their students for a new reality.


Formal logic plays a fundamental role in computer science. It is a necessary discipline so that students are able toachieve mastery across a large range topics. Unfortunately, it is observed that the efficiency of the learning process of formallogic is less than ideal. This work proposes that it is possible to increase the efficiency of the learning process through theuse of a proof assistants, as a teaching tool, with the introduction of game-like elements. This approach has been known asgamification. An overview of the theoretical basis that support the use of gamification and a proposal of a gamified systemfor learning formal logic are presented. Then, a prototype implementation of this proposed system is described. The paperconcludes presenting some results of an experiment conducted by adopting the prototype during one academic semester. Theseresults are compared with those from previous semesteres.


In recent years, so many Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems are designed for diagnosis of several diseases. Lung cancer detection at early stage has become very important and also very easy with image processing and deep learning techniques. In this study lung patient Computer Tomography (CT) scan images are used to detect and classify the lung nodules and to detect the malignancy level of that nodules. The CT scan images are segmented using U-Net architecture. This paper proposes 3D multipath VGG-like network, which is evaluated on 3D cubes, extracted from Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI), LUng Nodule Analysis 2016 (LUNA16) and Kaggle Data Science Bowl 2017 datasets. Prediction from U-Net and 3D multipath VGG-like network are combined for final results. The lung nodules are classified and malignancy level is detected using this architecture with 95.60% of Accuracy and 0.387732 of logloss.


Burning or complete removal of crop residues is not a recommended practice for dry area. This action not only reduces soil quality, it can cause ceasing of crop growth and promote weed infestation in the current crop. Experimental researches were conducted in 2006-07 through 2007-08 to evaluate burning, incorporation and removal effects of cereal residues on canola (Brassica napus L.) ecological growth, yield productivity and N utilization on clay loam soil. Crop residue management (CRM) was examined at three N levels, in form of N-splitting application (NSA). Burning did not increase yield of canola plants but was able to stimulate growth of certain weed plants. Dry matter of unwanted plants, collected from burning treated plots, was significantly increased when checked over that of other CRM. Weed density was promoted when NAS was added into the system. The results also indicated that wheat stubble, incorporated within the soil, provided an ideal condition for canola growth. The improvement of plant characters with high-yielding efficiency appears to be developed on the plants which grown on incorporated plots. N utilization has been shown to have varied effects on growth development associated with CRM. A significant increase in agronomic performance was detected in conjunction with NSA when a small fraction of crop residues properly remained on the soil. Protein content and the quality of canola oil at the harvested seeds increased when cereal stubbles were incorporated into the soil rather than removed from the soil. In general, the findings showed that returning of right amount of wheat stubbles to the soil in conjunction with N not only exhibited a positive impact on yield and yield components but also increased contents of mineral elements (N, P, K, Zn and Mg) and soil organic matter. The continuity of such process would further improve structure and quality of soil characteristics.


The effect of EGF on the activity of P34cdc2 kinase(CD2K)in C3H/10 T1/2 C18 cell (designate as NC3H/10)and its malignant transformed counterpart (designate as TC3H/10) has been investigated.The results showed that the time of CD2Kactivity peak in the first cell cycle appeared sooner upon EGF stimulation.It is suggesting that ECF can activate CD2K and may participate in cell cycleregulation.The effects of EGF in NC3H/10 and TC3H/10 are identical which imply that the mechanism of cell cycle regulation of transformed cells is similar to that of normal cells. The results also suggest that the effect of EGF on CD2K isindirect.


This study aimed to examine the effect of firm size, profitability and financial leverage on income smoothing on 2012-2014 manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange. Research variables used are the independent variables are firm size, profitability and financial leverage, as well as the dependent variable income smoothing (income smoothing). The type of data acquired is secondary data, this study used a population of manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange in the year 2012-2014 amounted to 36 companies. The sampling technique used purposive sampling there were 36 companies. Data analysis method used is descriptive statistics, test assumptions, ANOVA test, and test the hypothesis (multiple linear regression analysis, t test test f and the coefficient of determination (R2)). Based on the results of testing the feasibility of the model with ANOVA test showed that the regression model fit for use based on the test results of t test showed that the size of the company's influence on income smoothing, no effect on the profitability and financial leverage income smoothing has no effect on income smoothing. F While testing in this study together have an effect on income smoothing. Keywords: company size, profitability, financial leverage, income smoothing


An herbicide is a type of pesticide used to control or eliminate unwanted plants, commonly known as weeds. Antibiotics work by interfering with various physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and cell division. One of the main benefits of herbicides is their impact on weed control and crop yield. Calaris Xtra's business in the Kurukshetra district of Haryana includes two business channels where channel 2 (manufacturer-product-retailer-consumer) precedes channel 1 (manufacturing wholesaler-consumer). Finally, the price of Calaris will provide customers with an additional profit of Rs. 1300/700ml bottle. Finally, channel 1's total business profit is Rs 250, business price is Rs 54 and business efficiency is 4.27%. Channel I's spread is Rs 104, channel 2's total market cap is Rs 71 and channel 2's total market cap is Rs. 283 business efficiency is 3.89% with a spread of Rs 184 on channel 2. The limiting factor in the Calaris Xtra herbicide business is the high shipping cost, with 30 respondents responding to level 1, followed by storage issues, 20 responding as level II, followed by storage issues 18 high value participants, level III; followed by famine. level IV with 16 market participants; slow sales followed, with 11 participants responding to grade V; price volatility comes next and 5 participants answer level VI.


Patients are expected to be actively involved in medical decision-making. This dissertation explored the mechanisms explaining patient involvement in medical decision-making. Social support and social standards, among other things, were shown to play a role in this, which means that the decision to participate in the decision-making process is less individually based than one might think. This dissertation also examined the effects of patient involvement on decision-making and medical practice variation, i.e. similar patients not receiving the same treatment. Scientific literature suggests that patient involvement can result in less variation. The findings of this dissertation confirmed this hypothesis. We found that joint decision-making results in less inter-hospital variation.


This research investigated the effect of corporate social responsibility on financial performance of manufacturing industries listed firms on Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE).Competitiveness of financial sector has increased manifold and the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an indispensable concern parallel to concentrating on profitability enhancement. Businesses are consider as social units, they have to serve stakeholders, and tend to execute CSR on priority basis and subsequent disclosure as well. Unhealthy CSR policies may cause externalities and eventual relinquished customers and their societies. The main purpose of study is to shed light on the effect of CSR on financial performance (FFP) of manufacturing firms of Nigeria, using a sample of 20 firms listed with Nigerian stock exchange for the period of 12 years from 2005 to 2016, selected based upon first tier and market capitalization. We applied fully modified regression (FMOLS) and Engel-Granger cointegration models to investigate the effect of CSR on FFP. Empirical findings signify the robustness of FMOLS model that documented a positive and significant effect of CSR on return on assets. This premise holds that CSR has positive and significant effect on FFP of selected manufacturing firms of Nigeria. Based upon key findings, this study postulates CSR phenomenon is consider as an essential growth element and FFP-boosting tool by manufacturing industry of Nigeria. Eventually, mainstream of the studies on CSR are in context of well-established companies in the country, however, developing nations are least emphasized, thus the findings of this study greatly contribute in body of knowledge as well as offer pivotal implications for policy makers and governance of industrial sector.


This paper describes the activities of the Center for Nano Satellite Testing at Kyushu Institute of Technology. This test center provides environmental testing for nano/micro satellites. The start-up of this center was funded by the Hodoyoshi Project. Many satellites have been tested at CeNT since 2010. Presently, CeNT is focusing not only on providing environmental testing but also on international collaborative projects. This paper presents past results and the future plans for CeNT. Key Words: Lean Satellite, Environmental Testing, Hodoyoshi project


Apocalyptic bristles with controversy. Accordingly the theologians primarily responsible for the renaissance of apocalyptic in contemporary theology are notably controversal, namely, the Neutestamentler Ernst Kaesemann and the Systematiker Wolfhart Pannenberg. Kaesemann rescued apocalyptic from peripheral obscurity and thrust it into the center of theological debate with his essay on "The Beginnings of Christian Theology" (1960), which climaxed in the pregnant statement: "Apocalyptic . . . was the mother of all Christian theology." The excitement and opposition which Kaesemann's unexpected position stirred in theological discussion has proved quite vigorous but far less positive than the response to his essay "The Problem of the Historical Jesus" (1954), which launched the "new quest for the historical Jesus." However, a year earlier the little-known systematician Wolfhart Pannenberg had already reasserted the cruciality of apocalyptic for Christian theology with his essay "Redemptive Event and History" (1959). The apocalyptic concept of universal history undergirds his programmatic statement: History is the most comprehensive horizon of Christian theology. All theological questions and answers are meaningful only within the framework of the history which God has with humanity and through humanity with his whole creation—the history moving toward a future still hidden from the world but already revealed in Jesus Christ. Pannenberg rooted the definition of reality as history in Israel's propheticapocalyptic traditions and formulated the conception of the proleptic selfrevelation of God in the eschatological history of Jesus within the apocalyptic framework of universal history. For Pannenberg the apocalyptic understanding of history constitutes the presupposition for western historical thinking generally and the horizon which unites the whole of Christian theology specifically.


Bromopolyether was prepared from 3-bromomethyl-3-methyl oxetane(BrMMO) by cation ring-opening polymerization.Azide polyether PAMMO was synthesized by theazido reaction of bromopolyether.Azide polyether PBAMO was prepared from 3,3-bisbromomethyl oxetane(BAMO) by directly ring-opening polymerization.Using tetrahydrofuran as solvent,PBAMO as hard block,PAMMO as soft block,2,4-toluene diisocyanate(TDI) as diisocyanate monomer,butane-1,4-diol urethane oligomer as linking compound,an energetic thermoplastic elastomer(ETPE) of number average molecular weight about 25000 was prepared by one-step solution polymerization.ETPE that prepared was meltable and soluble.Its tensile strength and elogation at room temperature were about 5MPa and 400%,respectively.


An application of Bayesian networks for decision support in surveillance of mackerel fisheries in the North Sea is presented. The application area involves assessment of each fishing vessel's risk for acting irregularly with regard to re- lease of caught fish, and then combining these risk assessments to suggest vessels on which to concentrate. The knowl- edge underlying the Bayesian model developed is acquired through extensive communication with the domain experts. Following the approach of information systems design research, we have developed a software tool and an understanding of the organisation's needs in order to effectively realise use of the tool. The prototyping development process used is model-centric in the sense that development of the Bayesian networks drives the other activities in the project, such as es- tablishing data sources and overall system requirements. Through further investigations and development of the Bayesian modelling approach presented here, including applying it to other risk areas, we have the potential to make both the opera- tional practices in Norwegian fisheries surveillance more efficient as well as to improve the quality of their operational decisions. In our continuing efforts we will apply, evaluate and further improve on the work processes established during the development of this prototype.