Vernicia fordii (tung oil tree) is famous in the world for its production of tung oil. Unfortunately, it was infected by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fordii 1 (Fof-1) and suffered serious wilt disease. Conversely, its sister species V. montana is highly resistant to Fof-1. The MYB (v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factors were activated during the pathogen Fof-1 infection according to our previous comparative transcriptomic results. Depending on whether the sequence has a complete MYB-DNA-binding domain, a total of 75 VfMYB and 77 VmMYB genes were identified in susceptible V. fordii and resistant V. montana, respectively. In addition, we detected 49 pairs of one-to-one orthologous Vf/VmMYB genes with the reciprocal-best BLAST-hits (RBH)method. In order to investigate the expression modes and the internal network of MYB transcription factors in the two species responding to Fusarium wilt disease, the expressions of Vf/VmMYBs were then investigated and we found that most orthologous Vf/VmMYB genes exhibited similar expression patterns during the Fof-1 infection. However, four pairs of Vf/VmMYB genes, annotated as unknown proteins and mediator of root architecture, demonstrated absolute opposite expression patterns in the two Vernicia species responding to Fof-1. The interaction network of VmMYB genes were further constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method and four hub genes showing extremely high interaction with the other 1157 genes were identified. RT-qPCR result verified the opposite expression pattern of the hub gene VmMYB011 and VmMYB041 in two Vernicia species. In summary, co-expression network of the Vf/VmMYBs and significantly opposite related pairs of genes in resistant and susceptible Vernicia species provided knowledge for understanding the molecular basis of Vernicia responding to Fusarium wilt disease.


In order to identify the species of Sawadaea in Australia from anamorphic material, the ribosomal
DNA internal transcribed spacer region was amplified from a range of specimens and subjected to
RFLP analysis. Specimens of known species were included for comparison. RFLP analysis
revealed S. bicornis on Acer negundo, A. rubrum and A. pseudoplatanus, while S. polyfida var.
japonica was found on A. japonicum and A. palmatum. This is the first record of S. polyfida var.
japonica on A. japonicum. These results agree with reported host ranges for both species in Europe
and Asia.


We show that Gallager's ensemble of Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes achieves list-decoding capacity with high probability. These are the first graph-based codes shown to have this property. This result opens up a potential avenue towards truly linear-time list-decodable codes that achieve list-decoding capacity. Our result on list decoding follows from a much more general result: any local property satisfied with high probability by a random linear code is also satisfied with high probability by a random LDPC code from Gallager's distribution. Local properties are properties characterized by the exclusion of small sets of codewords, and include list-decoding, list-recovery and average-radius list-decoding. In order to prove our results on LDPC codes, we establish sharp thresholds for when local properties are satisfied by a random linear code. More precisely, we show that for any local property $\mathcal{P}$, there is some $R^{\ast}$ so that random linear codes of rate slightly less than $R^{\ast}$ satisfy $\mathcal{P}$ with high probability, while random linear codes of rate slightly more than $R^{\ast}$ with high probability do not. We also give a characterization of the threshold rate $R^{\ast}$. This is an extended abstract. The full version is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.06430


Crop response to fertilizer applications is commonly descriptionbed by the square root or quadratic production functions. These functions can be used to determine economic levels of input for various situations. A method of determining a lower bound for input levels, namely the point at which the return to cost is a maximum, is given. The method is developed for both the above production functions and is readily programmable.


The harm of piston damage resulting from the defect of material and constructure for steel head and aluminium skirt piston is described.The damage reasons are analysed.The precautionary measures to prevent skirt from fracturing,by means of ultrasonic flaw detection technology,are discussed.


Reductions in energy consumption, carbon footprint, equipment size, and cost are key objectives for the forthcoming energy-intensive industries roadmaps. In this sense, solutions such as waste heat recovery, which can be replicated into different sectors (e.g., ceramics, concrete, glass, steel, aluminium, pulp, and paper) are highly promoted. In this line, latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) contributes as an innovative technology solution to improve the overall system efficiency by recovering and storing industrial waste heat. To this end, phase-change material (PCM) selection is assisted through a decision-support system (DSS). A simplified tool based on the MATLAB® model, based on correlations among the most relevant system parameters, was developed to prove the feasibility of a cross-sectorial approach. The research work conducted a parametric analysis to assess the techno-economic performance of the PCM-TES solution under different working conditions and sectors. Additionally, a multicriteria assessment was performed comparing the tool outputs from metal alloys and inorganic hydrated PCM salts. Overall, the inorganic PCMs presented higher net economic and energy savings (up to 25,000 €/yr; 480 MWh/yr), while metal alloys involved promising results, shorter cycles, and competitive economic ratios; its commercial development is still limited.


The first attempt to describe the phenomenon of antiquarianism as one of the defining moments in the evolution of Renaissance thought can be traced back to the 1950s. Arnaldo Momigliano, in his seminal article Ancient History and the Antiquarian, pointed out that the impact of material sources on the development of modern thought became a crucial and active factor in the classical tradition and the history of ideas. According to Momigliano, antiquarianism was a matter of historical method which involved "the systematic collection of relics from the past" and their critical interpretation. He considered it to be strongly linked to mankind's perception of time which, thanks to the accumulation of remains over the centuries, helped to shape a deeper historical consciousness.1 Scholars such as Eugenio Garin, Edgar Wind, Roberto Weiss, and Peter Burke attempted to coax out further aspects of antiquarian studies practiced during the Renaissance by taking into consideration the experience of scholars and artists from a diachronic perspec-


Objective:To test the reliability and validity of Social Skills Checklist(SSC)-Chinese version in patients with mental disorders.Methods:Totally 200 patients(schizophrenia or mood disorder or other psychiatric disorders) and 30 normal controls were recruited in this research.Their social functioning was assessed with the SSC by 3 psychiatrists.Thirty patients were also assessed with the WHO psychiatric Disability Assessment Schedule(WHO-DAS-II) and Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale(SAS).Results:Test-retest reliability was 0.93~0.99,inter-rater consistency was 0.92,and Cronbach' α coefficients were 0.81~0.94.The SSc score was positively correlated with the WHO-DAS-II and SAS score(r=0.37~0.72,P0.05),but discriminant validity needed further evaluation.The SSC were aggregated into 3 subscales by exploratory factor analysis.And this 3-subscale-model was proved reasonable by lisrel except the RMSEA.The patients scored higher in the SSC than the controls(P0.001).Conclusion:The Social Skills Checklist generally has adequate reliability and validity in assessment of social skills of Chinese patients with mental disorders except construct validity and discriminant validity.


Children play games, chat with friends, tell stories, study history or math, and today this can all be done supported by new technologies. From the Internet to multimedia authoring tools, technology is changing the way children live and learn. As these new technologies become ever more critical to our children's lives, we need to be sure these technologies support children in ways that make sense for them as young learners, explorers, and avid technology users. This may seem of obvious importance, because for almost 20 years the HCI community has pursued new ways to understand users of technology. However, with children as users, it has been difficult to bring them into the design process. Children go to school for most of their days; there are existing power structures, biases, and assumptions between adults and children to get beyond; and children, especially young ones have difficulty in verbalizing their thoughts. For all of these reasons, a child's role in the design of new technology has historically been minimized. Based upon a survey of the literature and my own research experiences with children, this paper defines a framework for understanding the various roles children can have in the design process, and how these roles can impact technologies that are created. (Also cross-referenced as UMIACS-TR-99-53) URI http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1028 Collections Technical Reports from UMIACS Technical Reports of the Computer Science Department DRUM is brought to you by the University of Maryland Libraries University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-7011 (301)314-1328. Please send us your comments. Web Accessibility The Role of Children in the Design Technology UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND MAKE A GIFT


The utility model relates to an intelligent type household plant factory, belonging to vegetable production devices in the field of agricultural machines. The household plant factory comprises a cabinet body, the internal of the cabinet body is provided with a water culturing and nutrient solution automatic circulating system, an air-conditioning system, an artificial light supplementing system, and an intelligent control system, the cabinet body comprises a bright room, a darkroom, a bottom layer, and a back interlayer, the artificial light supplementing system uses an LED plant light source board formed by a red light LED, a blue light LED, and a green light LED to perform artificial light supplementation. The household plant factory is advantageous in that, plant varieties are wide, and comprise various types of leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables, sprouting vegetables, edible funguses, ornamental fruit and vegetable plants, etc. the growth period of leaf vegetables is greatly shortened, initial harvesting period of the fruit vegetables is earlier, harvesting period is prolonged, and output is greatly improved. a leaf vegetable growth room is suitable for growth of 50 leaf vegetables, and the growth period is 20-25 days; a seedling room is capable of synchronously culturing 70 seedlings, seedling time is about 20 days; and in a fungus room, growth time of the funguses is about 30 days, and monthly output of fresh funguses is 3-5 jin.


@chrislarry33 Once participants comfortable with etherpad you could always do the #IndieWeb thing and encourage wiki markup and then export the documents.


The existing traff ic noise prediction models in road intersections relate mainly to the typical solutions of intersection geometry and traff ic organisation. There are no models for large and more complex intersections such as signalised roundabouts. This paper presents the results of studies on the development of a traff ic noise prediction model for this type of intersection. The model was developed using a multiple regression method based on the results of f ield measurements of traff ic parameters and noise levels in the vicinity of signalised roundabouts in Poland. The obtained model consists of two groups of variables affecting noise levels at the intersection. The f irst group determines in detail the inf luence of traff ic and geometry of the closest entry. The second group shows the inf luence of more distant noise sources (traff ic at the three remaining entries of the intersection) and the inf luence of the dimensions of the entire intersection. The developed model was verif ied through additional f ield measurements, as well as compared to the results of two methods of traff ic noise prediction: the French 'NMPB-Routes-2008' and the German 'RLS-90'. The obtained results confirmed a higher accuracy of calculations performed using the developed model in the range of: −1.2 dB ÷ +1.0 dB, while the 'NMPB-Routes-2008' and 'RLS-90' calculate precision were respectively: −2.8 dB ÷ +1.3 dB, and +0.8 dB ÷ +5.2 dB. Therefore, the developed model allows for a more accurate prediction of noise levels in the vicinity of signalised roundabouts in a f lat terrain without buildings and noise barriers.


We examine the extent to which two sources of uncertainty over the future policy environment - political hazards and regime change - influence foreign-owned subsidiary exit rates. We find that prior exits by peer firms enhance exit rates, particularly when political hazards are high. We also find that a multinational firm's own experience under the current political regime has a moderating influence on subsidiary exit rates in the presence of political hazards, but it enhances exit rates after a change in the political regime. These findings support the argument that in contrast to the informational benefit conferred by prior peer firms' exits, own firm experience proxies for actual or perceived influence in a nation's policy-making process.


The rate of growth of butadiene popcorn polymer seed in the presence of methyl methacrylate monomer vapor was found to be logarithmic with time and very sensitive to the presence of hydroquinone in the monomer. The resulting butadiene – methyl methacrylate graft polymer was homogeneous in appearance. No satisfactory kinetic mechanism can be presented at this time.


Transmissible plasmids captured from stream and soil bacteria conferring resistance to tetracycline in Pseudomonas were evaluated for linked resistance to antibiotics used in the treatment of human infections.


Review(s) of: Coast: A history of the New South Wales edge, by Ian Hoskins, published by NewSouth Publishing, New South Wales, 2013. Hardback, 448 pages, illustrations, bibliography, index. RRP $49.99 (Members $44.95).


Young children with severe communication and relationship disorders, often diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders, respond to intensive intervention started at early ages. These disorders may be secondary to various sensory and motor processing deficits which can be conceptualized as Multisystem Developmental Disorder (MSDD). Diagnostic understanding of variations in multisystem disorders can now be linked to integrated treatment models that take into account the individual differences and developmental level of each child. Clinical vignettes describe different patterns typical of MSDD, a familybased interactive-relationship model needed by all children, and related intervention approaches to consider for each pattern. Keywords: autistic spectrum disorder, behavioral models, floor time, integrated intervention, multisystem developmental disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, relationship-based treatment


Flow‐diverter stents are the new promising tools in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms allowing progressive aneurysm occlusion. Here, we report a case where high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging showed thrombus at fundus of the aneurysm sac, indicating a progressive intraaneurysmal thrombosis after flow‐diverter placement.


Objective
To investigate the potential of human amniotic fluid colony-derived stem cells(h AFCSCs) differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells using transwell co-culture.

Methods
Using colony poculum, h AFCSCs were isolated from second-trimester amniotic fluid.After cultured and amplified, the expression of surface antigens was identified by flow cytometry.The h AFCSCs were induced into hepatocyte-like cells using transwell co-culture.Observe the change of cell morphology after co-culture. The expression of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Albumin(ALB), Cytokeratin-18(CK-18)and hepatocyte gene was detected with immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).

Results
h AFCSCs were positive for CD44, CD90, and negative for CD10, CD14, CD34, CD45 and human leukocyte antigen-DR(HLA-DR).After 2-4 weeks induction, hepatocyte-like cells appeared.It confirmed that these cells expressed AFP, ALB, CK-18, GATA 4, Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1αand cytochrome 20A(CYP20A).

Conclusion
Human amniotic fluid colony-derived stem cells can be differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells using transwell co-culture.

Key words:
Human amniotic fluid colony-derived stem cells; Transwell; 3-D co-culture; Hepatocyte-like cells


Electrical circuits are systems that can be describ ed in different ways using differential equations of first, second and upper o rder. A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its d erivatives of various orders. The theory of dynamical systems puts emphasis on qualit ative analysis of systems described by differential equations, while many numerical methods have been developed to determine solutions with a given degre e of accuracy. If the circuit contains storage elements such as capacitors and in ductance, these circuits can be described as integral-differential equations. Analytical solution of such circuits in complex networks is very difficult and lengthy. To calculate the circuit state variables (voltages and currents) can be used those programs in which the electrical circuit is created with a simple drag & drop system "and conne cting graphical blocks representing directly individual electrical devices. This works some a desktop application such as the EMTP-ATP or Matlab/Simulink. Advantage of solution lies in the fact, that the algorithm changes are implemente d through this application, changing, deleting and adding blocks of the circuit . The disadvantage of this approach is that it avoids the need to create a mat hematical model of the circuit. Physical basis for a deeper understanding of the be havior of the circuit in steady state, but also for the transient events is necessa ry. This paper deals with the calculation of state variables of the electrical ci rcuit using a mathematical model consisting of differential equations. 1. Theoretical part: Circuit differential equations are essentially base d on two Kirchhoff laws and their creating may use general methods, but most often used method of loop currents or node-voltage method, or modified nodal voltage method. Creating equations o f concrete branches of the circuit is then based on the fundamental relationship between the current s tate variables at the individual circuit elements: Resistance:  = ∗ (1) Capacity: = ∗ = + ∗ , = ∗ ( ) (2) Inductance:  = ∗ = + ∗ , = ∗ ( ) (3) Using these relations based on a description above of the complex circuit the state variables are becoming describe as a set of integral-differential equations. Integral equations can be easily conver ted by derivate to the differential equations. The comp lex circuit is then described as a system of n line ar or nonlinear differential equations with constant c oefficients, respectively single differential equat ion of n-th order [1]: a + a +⋯ . . a + a x = y(t) (4) The solution of the diferential equation consist fr om the homogenous equation X0(t) and particular solutions Xp(t). X t = X t + X (t) (5) Homogenous equation: a + a +⋯ . . a + a x = 0 (6) Its general solution depends only on the characteri stics of the circuit without any independent sources. However, it is fundamentally affected by t he initial energy state of the circuit, ie sizes of the accumulated energy in capacitors and coils at the b eginning of a solution, at t=0s. The character of t he solution equation is the given by the roots λ1, λ2,....λn of so characteristic equation, which is a polynomial equation form: a λ + a λ + a λ +⋯ .+a λ + a = 0 (7) If the polynomial roots are simple and different of each other, the solution of homogeneous differential equations is given by linear combinati on of exponential functions of type exp ( λkt), ie X t = ∑ K e (8) Where K1, K2.....Kn are integration constants whose values determine t he specific initial conditions in the system. When operating in the circuit periodic or direct vo ltage and current sources, the circuit reaches after the transient the stationary or periodic stea dy state expressed by homogeneous equation X0(t). Steady state is thus expressed precisely by particu late solution. 2. Solving the circuit state variables using different ial equation – mathematical model of simply electrical circuit given by linear differential equation 2-th order: The figure (Fig. No. 1) shows the scheme of simple RLC circuit supplying with DC voltage source voltage Us and the equivalent circuit model cr ated in software Matlab / Simulink. At the time t = 0, the switch closes and the circuit is connect ed to the voltage source. In the circuit we are interested in state variables, the voltage on capac itor uc(t) and the circuit current i(t). Other vari ables such as voltage for inductance and resistance can b e easily determined from known relationships. Sizes of circuit elements are: Us = 1V, R = 15 Ω, L = 20mH, C = 333 μF. Fig. 1 – Electrical circuit scheme and its equivale nt model in Matlab/Simulink After writing II. Kirchhoff's law and an expression of current via capacity voltage we will obtain a homogeneous linear differential equations 2-th. o rder with constant coefficients, which reflects the voltage loop circuit: ( ) = − ( ) − u (t) (9) Solving of this differential equation we get the ca pacitor voltage uc(t). The current circuit is calculated via derivation and multiplying the capac itor voltage and the value of capacitor C. This differential equation is thus a mathematical model of that circuit. The solution of this mathematical model is performed in the software Matlab / Simulin k two ways (Fig. 2). Via gradual integration and using the transfer function G(s) entered in blo ck Transfer Fcn. Fig. 2 – scheme of mathematical model for solving t he differential equation (gradual integration and transfer function) Transfer G (s) of general dynamic system (in this c a e the circuit) is defined as the proportion of the Laplacian image of output signal and Laplacian image of input signal at zero initial conditions:


The Hexapod configuration and vibration control integrated design is treated as an optimal problem of choosing minimum control energy index among a family of Hexapod with optimal Jacobian condition number. Based on the theory of optimal Jacobian condition number, a programming problem is given, which takes control parameter of nonlinear feedback adaptive disturbance canceller(ADC) method, radius of Hexapod base plate and half separation angle between adjacent actuator attachment points on the up plate as design variables, control convergence condition, workspace, and space between attachment points as constrained conditions, and weighted sum of six actuators' average energy consumption and its variance component as objective function. As the optimal model and its sensitivities contain implicit functions of design variables, the primal problem is approached by 2-rank elliptical response surface method with D-optimal test design. The original programming problem is settled by solving sequence of approximate problems. The example result gives out rules and key points of controller and configuration design of Hexapod, and demonstrates validity and feasibility of the proposed method. Compared with original developed Hexapod, the optimized Hexapod has the minimum condition number, and the advantages in control energy consumption and distribution.


BACKGROUND The Rome IV criteria eliminated abdominal discomfort for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which was previously included in Rome III. There are questions as to whether IBS patients with abdominal discomfort (seen in Rome III but not Rome IV) are different from those with abdominal pain (Rome IV). AIM To compare bowel symptoms and psychosocial features in IBS patients diagnosed with Rome III criteria with abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, and pain & discomfort. METHODS We studied IBS patients meeting Rome III criteria. We administered the IBS symptom questionnaire, psychological status, and IBS quality of life. Patients were classified according to the predominant abdominal symptom associated with defecation into an only pain group, only discomfort group, and pain & discomfort group. We compared bowel symptoms, extraintestinal symptoms, IBS quality of life, psychological status and healthcare-seeking behaviors, and efficacy among the three groups. Finally, we tested risk factors for symptom reporting in IBS patients. RESULTS Of the 367 Rome III IBS patients enrolled, 33.8% (124 cases) failed to meet Rome IV criteria for an IBS diagnosis. There were no meaningful differences between the pain group (n = 233) and the discomfort group (n = 83) for the following: (1) Frequency of defecatory abdominal pain or discomfort; (2) Bowel habits; (3) Coexisting extragastrointestinal pain; (4) Comorbid anxiety and depression; and (5) IBS quality of life scores except more patients in the discomfort group reported mild symptom than the pain group (22.9% vs 9.0%). There is a significant tendency for patients to report their defecatory and non-defecatory abdominal symptom as pain alone, or discomfort alone, or pain & discomfort (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION IBS patients with abdominal discomfort have similar bowel symptoms and psychosocial features to those with abdominal pain. IBS symptoms manifesting abdominal pain or discomfort may primarily be due to different sensation and reporting experience.


Five different single field emitters and emitter arrays with flat or nonflat collector structures were selected from the literature to simulate the actual emitting area of the tip. The Poisson's equation was solved under two different assumptions of emitting behavior; uniform electron emission from the whole tip area, and electron emission from only small part of the tip area. It was observed that the geometry factor β of an array is larger than that of a single emitter, which is believed to be partly responsible for exceedingly small computed value of emitting area α for multiemitter structures. Finite element analysis of single and multiemitter structures indicates that the large β values are due to the interemitter interactions in an array.


I am grateful to Gerhard Arminger, Bruno A. Baldessari, William T. Bielby, George W. Bohrnstedt, Clifford C. Clogg, Hermann Flaschka, Edward H. Freeman, Kenneth J. Singleton, and Nancy B. Tuma for helpful advice. I am also grateful to Clement A. Stone for writing a computer program that provides the standard errors discussed in this chapter. This program can be obtained at nominal cost and is described in Stone (1985).


I suspect the reasons for this are several: a) Aboriginal Religious Traditions is an emerging area of study, therefore there are few religious studies scholars trained in this area; b) Religious Studies departments prefer to leave this subject in Native Studies; c) departmental budgets are limited; or, d) this area is so politicized that (to borrow Ronald Grimes's assessment) no one but fools dare tread here. (p. 64)


Let p be an odd prime. Let f(x) ∈ Z[x] be a defining polynomial for a cyclic extension field K of the rational number field Q with [K: Q] = p. An explicit formula for the discriminant d(K) of K is given in terms of the coefficients of f(x).


Objective We can enhance the management level of the hospital customer's service center by the information management method.Methods By using many kinds of technology such as computer,website,telephone,short message and the video frequency etc.,we establish a integrative electron platform for customers.Result We realize systematical management of the market research,the analysis,the propaganda and the customer service.Conclusion We improve the situation of the decentralized and manual operation of customer's management and the working efficiency,promote the human nature service and strengthene the customer records management.


The paper is devoted to theoretical investigation of interaction of pulsed high current electron beam with gas substance. As a result of the interaction the formation of chemical active plasma can be observed. One of the key parameter for theoretical analyze of the process is the electron distribution function. Within the framework of the Boltzmann approach we obtained the dynamical equation for electron distribution function depending on the electron energy, coordinate and time.


. The rapid development of the times has also brought more advanced educational methods and concepts. Many experts advocate replacing traditional educational methods with modern educational methods. The difference between the two educational methods depends on three aspects: educational method, educational purpose, and educational focus. This article mainly lists and compares the advantages and disadvantages of modern education and traditional education methods by integrating the literature. The result shows that from a macro perspective, the advantages of modern educational methods are greater, but teachers should evaluate and choose which teaching method to use according to the student's situation, teaching purpose, and potential obstacles.


The use of the bionic hand requires an extensive training procedure which is a major
challenge for patients. The patients need to learn to control the bionic hand before starting
using it, therefore, training should be done efficiently. One of the proposed methods is controlling the virtual bionic hand via physical EMG (electromyography) sensors. In general,
one of the main problems of any prosthesis is the classification of the patient's finger
movements. For this reason, some well-known machine learning algorithms are discussed.
Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms is performed, the best-selected algorithm is used for the system later. The classifier for finger movement classification is
trained and tested. The virtual model of the bionic hand has been developed. The kinematics of bionic fingers is analyzed. The bionic finger performs tasks in the Cartesian space,
whereas actuators work in the Quaternion (joint) space. It is necessary to transform the coordinate system from Cartesian to joint space and vice versa․ The inverse and forward
kinematics is obtained by using the geometry approach and the Denavit - Hartenberg (DH)
methods accordingly. The control system is designed for the virtual bionic hand model.
The developed method gives an opportunity to classify all the movements of fingers
via two surface EMG electrodes with an ML (Machine learning) based or the NN (Neural
Network) classifier, and to control the designed bionic hand model in the MATLAB / Simulink environment.


Abstract. The Yongxing air–sea flux tower (YXASFT), which was specially
designed for air–sea boundary layer observations, was constructed on Yongxing
Island in the South China Sea (SCS). Surface bulk variable measurements were
collected during a 1-year period from 1 February 2016 to 31 January 2017.
The sensible heat flux (SHF) and latent heat flux (LHF)
were further derived via the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment
version 3.0 (COARE3.0). This study employed the YXASFT in situ observations
to evaluate the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) reanalysis
data products. First, the reliability of COARE3.0 data in the SCS was validated using direct
turbulent heat flux measurements via an eddy covariance flux (ECF) system.
The LHF data derived from COARE3.0 are highly consistent with the
ECF with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.78. Second, the
overall reliabilities of the bulk OAFlux variables were diminished in the order
of Ta (air temperature), U(wind speed), Qa (air
humidity) and Ts (sea surface temperature) based on a combination
of R2 values and biases. OAFlux overestimates (underestimates) U
(Qa) throughout the year and provides better estimates for winter and
spring than in the summer–autumn period, which seems to be highly correlated with
the monsoon climate in the SCS. The lowest R2 is between the
OAFlux-estimated and YXASFT-observed Ts, indicating that
Ts is the least reliable dataset and should thus be used with
considerable caution. In terms of the heat fluxes, OAFlux considerably
overestimates LHF with an ocean heat loss bias of
52 w m−2 in the spring, and the
seasonal OAFlux LHF performance is consistent with U and
Qa. The OAFlux-estimated SHF appears to be a poor
representative, with enormous overestimations in the spring and winter, while
its performance is much better during the summer–autumn period. Third,
analysis reveals that the biases in Qa are the most dominant
factor on the LHF biases in the spring and winter, and that the
biases in both Qa and U are responsible for controlling the
biases in LHF during the summer–autumn period. The biases in
Ts are responsible for controlling the SHF biases, and
the effects of biases in Ts on the biases in SHF during
the spring and winter are much greater than that in the summer–autumn
period.


ABSTRACT The reunification of Germany positioned the country back to its dominant place in the middle of Europe. Anchoring Germany in the European Community and deepening European integration became the guiding principles of the Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl, who wanted to ease the suspicions related to the continuities of German foreign policy. The northern enlargement of the European Union belonged to this same dynamism. Even so, Mediterranean countries feared that the accession of the Nordic candidates to the organization would serve German interests. Despite the controversies, the support of the Kohl government for Finland, Norway and Sweden has not evoked scientific research. Based on archival sources in Berlin, this article analyses the northern dimension of Germany's European policy. It argues that Bonn saw the Nordic countries as a building block in its eastern policy.


Considering the uncertainty of recovery and remanufacturing productivity rates in the reverse logistics remanufacturing process, we describe it by adopting the discrete scenarios of non-probabilistic and establish a multi-objective remanufacturing reverse logistics LRP robust model based on the NPRO.Lingo10 is used to solve the specific example, and then compared with the optimization values of objective function under the corresponding certain environment. The results verify the robustness of the model.


The earliest development of the amyloplasts of Gastrodia elata Bl.occur-red round the nucleus of young cells was observed.They were original-ly transformed from the proplastids.Following the development of the corm,starch was accumulated progressively.The peripheral starch grains in amy-loplasts were small and usually were polyhedrons.Mitochondria were of-ten observed beside the amyloplasts.During the disintegration of amy-loplasts,the amyloplast envelope mem-branes were broken at first,then a part of the starch grains was released and swallowed by the near by va-cuoles.


A variational argument is used to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for interpreting the work done by configurational forces as the net dissipation. This condition is the Euler–Lagrange equation associated with the variational integral. We use this simple proposition to re-interpret classical results and also gain insight into recently obtained configurational forces in the stress


Rising patient deductibles and cost sharing not only hurts patients, but also can put pressures on medical practices to manage their revenue cycle.


Background In the bcc model for work hardening in single phase materials, see (6), it is assumed that the plastic deformation behaviour is controlled by three processes, namely the creation, the immobilisation and the remobilisation of dislocations. It is also assumed, as a first approximation, that the mean free path, s, of dislocation motion is strain independent. Based on these assumptions the following expression for the increase of the total dislocation density, ρ, with strain, ε, is derived(1):


This study describes two new freshwater otoplanid species (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata), Itaspiella parana n. sp. and Philosyrtis rauli n. sp., from interstitial habitats of the middle Paraná river (Argentina) and lower Uruguay river (Uruguay), respectively. Kata sp. from the Uruguay river is briefly characterized. This is the first report of otoplanids from freshwater environments of South America. The studied areas are particular biotopes. At present, only a few studies on the turbellarian fauna and its ecology have been carried out in the Paraná river and the records presented here are the first for the Uruguay river. The main difference between other known otoplanid species and Itaspiella parana, Philosyrtis rauli and Kata sp. is their ecological characterization. Until now the family Otoplanidae was known only from marine environments, with a few exceptions.


A common dilemma in the digital gaming media is the conciliation between rigid narrative structures and player control over the virtual world. Based on this issue, the following paper proposes an evolution to the MDA Model [11], integrating narrative to the process of designing a digital game. Thus, as part of the evolutionary process of any media, this research agrees that the development of formal elements is important for media consolidation. For this, this research provides a theoretical basis on narratives, narratives in games, the conflict between dramatization and agency and concludes designing a new framework model.


The invention active substance ethyl 3 - [(2 - {[4- (hexyloxy carbonyl amino-imino-methyl) - phenylamino] -methyl} -1-methyl -1H- benzimidazole-5-carbonyl ) -pyridin-2-yl-amino] -propionic acid ethyl relates to novel dosage forms for oral application the salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable ester.


Nowadays, one of the most important problems that our societies have to face is water scarcity. Increasing population growth and human activities lead to increasing freshwater consumption and scarcity so in recent years, different indicators and methods have been developed for evaluating and assessing the impacts of freshwater consumption and water scarcity. This study has two aims. The first aim of this project is presenting an inventory and assessment of existing and proposed environmental indicators for European Union countries, with a focus on water use and water-related indicators. The second part aims at providing an overview of four methods of evaluating the impacts of freshwater use in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), comparing them based on the selected criteria and sub-criteria, and finally proposing the best method. Milà i Canals et al. method (2009), Pfister et al. method (2009), Ecological Scarcity method (2006), and Water footprint method (2011) are the four selected methods which are evaluated by this study based on some criteria such as environmental issues addressed, type of water, type of water (blue, green and gray), relevance, and comprehensiveness. According to the final results of this study, Water footprint method (2011) has the highest grade, and it is recommended as the best method by this report. This method can be regarded as a comprehensive method for evaluating the water consumption in LCA, due to several criteria which are considered by this study such as a broad range of environmental (water) issues, three types of water (blue, green and gray), two types of water use (consumptive and degradative), provides a complete and suitable background knowledge, and an easy to understand approach for stakeholders. Keyword: Environmental indicators, Water indicators, Freshwater use, Method review. Table of


Background: Borderline Personality Disorder is subject to considerable debate with regards to its validity as a way of understanding people and their difficulties. This debate has taken place primarily in an academic context, though user focussed research has identified: (i) Some of the consequences of mental illness diagnosis, and (ii) Users' experiences of negative attitudes in response to the BPD diagnosis. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore user experiences and understandings of being given the diagnosis of BPD. Method: Five service users who had been given the diagnosis of BPD were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. The interview focussed upon users' understandings of the diagnosis and how they perceived it to have affected them, their view of themselves and others' views of them. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Analysis identified five super-ordinate themes: Knowledge as power; Uncertainty about what the diagnosis meant; Diagnosis as rejection; Diagnosis is about not fitting; Hope and the possibility of change. Positive and negative aspects to these themes were apparent. Conclusions: The identified themes are discussed in relation to extant literature on validity. It is suggested that alternative ways of understanding the self, such as a social constructionist perspective, may be more useful than the BPD diagnosis. Declaration of interest: None.


The effects of temperature and photoperiod on the eclosion rhythm of Ostrinia furnacalis( Guenee) were studied under laboratory conditions. All of the eclosion peaks were found to appear in the scotophase,for night lengths from 8 h to 16 h. The eclosion patterns were found to be in rhythm with the light-dark cycle,the rhythmicity being affected by the length of scotophase and by temperature. The eclosion peak was earlier with a shorter scotophase,and later with a longer scotophase and the peaks were later at a temperature of 22℃ than at 25℃. Free-run eclosion rhythms were found to be about 24 h at both 22℃ and 25℃ and only appeared in constant darkness.


The Uttarakhand Himalaya is bestowed with numerous places of tourists/pilgrims' interest. Mainly four types of tourism are practiced – natural, cultural (pilgrimage), wildlife/park, and adventurer tourism. This paper examines the nature of tourism and tourists/pilgrims' inflow in the natural locales, pilgrimages, and administrative towns/cities in the Uttarakhand Himalaya. Data on tourists/pilgrims' inflow in these tourist places and pilgrimages (2000-2018) were gathered from the Uttarakhand Tourism Development Council, Uttarakhand. The data were analyzed based on three types of places of tourists/pilgrims' interest. The paper is divided into three sub-sections – trends of tourists/pilgrims' inflow (domestic and foreign) in all the places, domestic/foreign tourists' inflow in the natural locales/administrative towns/cities, and pilgrims' inflow (domestic and foreign) in the highland and the valleys pilgrimages. It has been observed that pilgrims' inflow is higher in the pilgrimages than the tourists' inflow in the natural locales and administrative towns/cities. Further, the two pilgrimages of the river valley – Rishikesh and Haridwar received more than 50% pilgrims during the period 2000-2018. The author observed that the trend of tourists/pilgrims' inflow is not uniformed in all the tourists/pilgrims destinations. It has been observed that natural disasters, inaccessibility, and lacking infrastructural facilities have influenced the tourists/pilgrims' in flow in the Uttarakhand Himalaya.


The involvement of NU gender activists with the femi-nism ideas, the strengthening of democracy issues in Islam, and the effects of civil society development introduced by NGO or new social movement have made gender discourse and women movement in-side NU in dynamic. The occurrence of the new dis-courses brought by some NU gender activist results in the thought and movement among the NU activ-ists community. It also happens inside the NU's struc-ture. Further implication, some activists who disagree with the thought and movement of Muslimat and Fatayat as NU female organization found other in-stitutions outside the NU's structure. It shows that gender thought and women movement in NU is not static and anti-politics, on the contrary, it becomes dynamic and political because each actor involved inside try to affect and dominate each other both in discursive and praxis levels. This article aims to ex-plain critically the various studies that have been done about the gender discourse and the women movements in NU. The discussion will begin with the development of the gender discourse and women movements in the general overview, the develop-ment gender discourse and Muslim women move-ments, the influence of the gender discourse and women movements in NU. After that, it will be fol-lowed by the analysis of various literatures on gen-der discourse and women movements in NU as seen from the structural and cultural perspectives


In fault prediction, ARMA is a commonly used and important method to study time series, but it also has some problems. When time series is non-stationary, ARMA prediction effect is not accurate. Therefore, on this basis, the ARIMA model is used to transform the non-stationary time series into stationary time series by the difference method. In view of the three fault states in TEP quality, the ARIMA model is established by using Python, and a TEP quality fault diagnosis system is further established, and the quality variables are predicted. The results show that ARIMA model can predict the quality of TEP in a short time, which has the advantages of simple modeling and accurate prediction. The ARIMA model is reliable for the quality fault diagnosis. Numerical simulations show that the model can accurately describe the change of quality overtime when a fault occurred, and can make judgment and early warning of the fault in a short period of time.


. We introduce a new family of tautological relations of the moduli space of stable curves of genus g . These relations are obtained by computing the Poincaré-dual class of empty loci in the Hodge bundle. We use these relations to obtain a new expression for the Chern classes of the Hodge bundle. We prove that the ( g − i )th class can be expressed as a linear combination of tautological classes involving only stable graphs with at most i loops. In particular the top Chern class may be expressed with trees. This property was expected as a consequence of the DR/DZ equivalence conjecture by Buryak- Guéré-Rossi.


Abstract Endemics are peculiar diseases prevalent in certain limited areas. The causes of endemics are generally complicated. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is found on some Islands in the Pacific Ocean. ALS patients have been reported from New Guinea, Guam Island, and the South Muro district of Kii Peninsula in Japan. The cause of ALS has not yet been made clear. Many hypotheses have been proposed as to the causes, and the soil seems to be concerned with this disease. The authors studied the soils of this district in a joint project with Wakayama Medical College.


The reverse breakdown characteristics of 4H-SiC Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) rectifiers adopting the different floating limiting rings (FLRs) termination structures are experimented and analyzed under the repetitive avalanche current stress. The experimental results indicate that the breakdown voltage (BV) shift of the device after the repetitive avalanche current stress is highly dependent on the FLRs design, which determines the distributions of the surface electric field and avalanche current at avalanche condition. It is proved that the uniform surface electric field distribution of the FLRs structure at avalanche condition is helpful for the device achieve to achieve better BV shift robustness on the repetitive avalanche current stress. Additionally, the FLRs structure, which has smaller S1 and enough Nr, can present both higher BV and excellent BV shift robustness on the repetitive avalanche current stress.


Objective: To determine the content of 14 deoxy 11,12 didehydroandrographolide in XIAOYANG LIDAN TABLETS by TLC Scanning.Methods: 14 deoxy 11,12 didehydroandrographolide was determined by dual wavelength TLC Scanning.Results: The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.982~4.910μg of 14 deoxy 11,12 didehydroandrographolide. The average recovery and RSD were 99.4% and 2.14% ( n =5), respectively.Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and reproducable.


Purpose Previous research has revealed vocational and academic difficulties in childhood cancer survivors, and explored impact of survivors' medical history and physical function on vocational and academic status. However, we often encounter survivors with similar diagnoses and late effects but different academic or employment statuses. This raises the question of what affects academic attainment and employment other than treatment or late effects. This study aimed to explore factors associated with childhood cancer survivors' employment status and academic achievement. Methods Comprehensive health check-up and questionnaire survey were conducted for 69 survivors who were over the age of 18 and participated in St. Luke's Lifetime cohort study. We obtained survivors' biological function using comprehensive health check-up, neurocognitive states, quality of life, transition readiness, and family function. We conducted univariate analysis (Mann–Whitney U tests or chi-square tests) to compare the differences between the regular workers/students and non-regular workers/unemployed groups. The variables with p-values <0.1 were used as independent variables multivariate logistic regression to explore predictors of employment status and academic attainment. Results Result of the univariate analysis, intelligence quotient, SF-8 PCS, transition readiness, family function were used for multivariate logistic regression as independent variables. The stepwise likelihood method was conducted; intelligence quotient (odds ratio [OR] = 1.100; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015–1.193; p = 0.021), transition readiness (OR = 0.612; 95% CI 0.396–0.974; p = 0.038), and family function (OR = 2.337; 95% CI 1.175–4.645; p = 0.015) were found to be associated with survivors' regular workers/students in the final regression model. Conclusion Long-term follow-up of pediatric cancer survivors requires the provision of total care, which supports physical, psychological, and social functions to improve health, readiness for transition to self-management, and family functioning.


In 1976, in Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart, the Supreme Court characterized gag orders as the "most serious and least tolerable infringement on First Amendment rights."; Yet courts impose gag orders that restrict media coverage of courts and trial participants. Many groups believe the use of gag orders is increasing. However, no previous study has attempted to quantify the frequency of gag orders or to explore judicial attitudes about the issuance of such orders. This analysis of the case law and exploratory survey of judges in Florida suggests that courts issue gag orders to protect fair trials, participant safety and privacy, and the sanctity of the courtroom. This article also suggests that conflict over gag orders arises because judges disagree about the core meanings of the First and Sixth Amendments. This research indicates that judges' individual interpretations of the Constitution color their determinations of whether indirect gags on trial participants, rather than on the media, are impermi...


Recent acquisition and processing of marine Airgun seismic data using the Slanted Hydrophone Cable has taken place in the Gulf of Mexico. Direot oomparisons are made from data acquired simultaneously with twin hydrophone streamers where one streamer was towed slanted and one towed flat. Acquisition and processing techniques are demonstrated and benefits disoussed. Comparisons include examples, diagnostics, and final processed data sets. Results indicate solutions to various problems currently observed in offshore exploration and reservoir development.


The two-phase model of dry aqueous foam dynamic behavior under the strong shock wave influence is presented under assumption that the foam structure under shock loading is destroyed into a suspension of monodispersed microdrops with the formation of a gas-droplet mixture. The system of equations for the model of aqueous foam includes the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy for each phase in accordance with the single-pressure, two-speed, two-temperature approximations in a three-dimensional formulation, taking into account the Schiller–Naumann interfacial drag force and the Ranz–Marshall interfacial contact heat transfer. The thermodynamic properties of air and water forming a gas-droplet mixture are described by the Peng–Robinson and Mie–Grueneisen equations of state. The presence of non-uniform process in height of aqueous foam syneresis, which is due to gravitational forces, is taken into account by setting the distribution of the liquid volume fraction in the foam. An additional consideration of the syneresis process during calculating the intensity of interphase drag forces according to the Schiller–Naumann model was controlled by introducing the parameter depending on the spatial distribution of the initial liquid volume fraction of the foam. The spherical explosion is modeled in the form of the shock wave pulse whose energy coincided with the charge energy of the HE used in the experiments. The problem numerical solution is implemented using the OpenFOAM free software package based on the two-step PIMPLE computational algorithm. The numerical solution of the problem, obtained on the basis of the proposed gas-droplet mixture model, is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data on a spherical explosion in aqueous foam. The analysis of the spherical shock wave dynamics while its propagation through aqueous foam is given. The causes of the significant decrease in the amplitude and velocity shock waves propagation in the medium under study are investigated.


AIM: To study anti-inflammation,analgesic and anti-diarrhea effect of volatile oil from A.longiligulare T.L.Wu. METHODS: The auris-swell model induced by dimethylbenzene and foot edema and swelling model induced by carrgeen were made to study the anti-inflammation effect by different dosage of volatile oil from A.longiligulare T.L.Wu.Tests of hot plate and body wrest were used to study the analgesic effect.The anti-diarrhea function on mice with diarrhea induced by castor oil and folium sennae was observed. RESULTS: Volatile oil from A.longiligulare T.L.Wu could obviously inhibit the auris-swell in mice and the foot edema and swelling in rats,the effect of high dose can equal to that of indometacin.In hot plate test,each dose of volatile oil increased the threshold value of pain significantly,especially the high dose group.The number of mouse's writhe caused by glacial acetic acid was reduced by volatile oil from A.longiligulare T.L.Wu.There was no significant difference between different dose group of volatile oil(P0.05).It could also decrease the times of wet manure induced by folia sennae,while it was of no effect on diarrhea induced by castor oil. CONCLUSION: Volatile oil from A.longiligulare T.L.Wu has anti-inflammation,analgesic and anti-diarrhea effect related to the cure for ulcerative colitis.


This paper presents the results related to performance evaluation of 4-stage multiuser detector for asynchronous DS-CDMA system. To meet the real-time requirements for asynchronous multiuser detection, a bit streaming, parallel interference cancellation (PIC) cascade architecture is used. An asynchronous multiuser detection involves block-based computations and matrix inversions. The paper covers iterative-based suboptimal schemes that have been used to decrease the computational complexity, eliminate the need for matrix inversions, decreases the execution time, reduces the memory requirements by making use of joint estimation and detection process that gives better performance than the independent parameter estimation method. The stages of the iteration are cascaded and bits processed in a streaming fashion. The simulation has been carried out for asynchronous DS-CDMA system by varying two parameters, i.e., number of users and number of stages. The simulation results exhibit that system gives better performance at 3rd stage and the number of users decrease with increase in signal to noise ratio (SNR).


Project-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical method in which learning activities are organized around a project that students must develop. The design of a common experience of PBL in several academic programs of different faculties at the University of Girona is presented. The objective was to achieve a joint acquisition of common generic skills such as teamwork, design creative design, oral and written communication, and use of information and communication technologies. To achieve this goal, a project consisting on transforming a cooking television show into a radio program was selected


Esteem,justice,solicitude,trust and so on are the important traditional ethic principles in our country which have been praised highly and carried on by Confucians for generations and are still working in the ideological and political work today,especial in colleges.Therefore,it has great practical significance to cultivate the all-around developed college students in the new era by keeping on the ethic principles like "esteem,justice,solicitude and trust".


Based on analysis of hemodynamic state, it has been assumed that splenic blood flow in idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is elevated. The author examined by scanning electron microscopy the sinuses of spleens resected from 3 patients with IPH, as well as from 10 patients with liver cirrhosis and from 3 patients with gastric cancer as controls. In IPH, the arrangement of rod cells of the splenic sinuses was severely disordered, and the slits between rod cells were irregularly enlarged. Rod cells were also deformed and accompanied branching or process formation. The bridges, rod cells which traversed the sinusal lumen, were frequently observed. Decreased resistance in the intrasplenic circulation arising from enlargement of the slits was considered to produce increased splenic blood flow. In liver cirrhosis, the slits tended to close. Slight deformity of rod cells and some bridges were found.


A hybrid stochastic model has been presented. First, the hydrologic time series are resolved into the detail sub-time series with high frequencyand outline ones with low frequencyin special scales by using Mallatalgorithm. Then, the stochastic model has been constructed for the resolved sub-time series. Finally, the superposition of predicted result is the predicted values of original time series.A case study of annual runoff at Sanmenxia station in the Yellow River is given. The results show that the suggested hybrid model can make full use of the information and the predicted accuracy has higher than the traditionalmodel.


In this paper, we present a technique for incremental and commutative composition of state-machine models of features, using the Feature House framework. The inputs to Feature House are feature state-machines (or state-machine fragments) modelled in a feature-oriented requirement modelling language called FORML and the outputs are two state-machine models: (1) a model of the whole product line with optional features guarded by presence conditions, this model is suitable for family-based analysis of the product line, and (2) an intermediate model of composition that facilitates incremental composition of future features. We discuss the challenges and benefits of our approach and our implementation in the Feature House.


Overview The Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster that occurred in March 2011 collapsed "Safety Myth" and "Cheap Myth" of nuclear power. Renewable energy as an alternative of nuclear power is receiving a lot of attention in Japan and many local authorities have introduced renewable energy in practice. However, it is not only that the introduction of renewable energy may be promoted simply in local area. The operation of mega solar power and large scale wind power by large companies outside produces electricity in local, while profits from its management flow out to the big city without returning to local. As a result, there is some possibility of expending the disparity between urban and rural area. In order to prevent this situation, it is necessary that local business entity himself operate the facility of renewable energy. Based on the awareness of the above mentioned problem, we Hitotsubashi University Natural Resources-based Economies Project have been conducting researches on the use of renewable energy in Japanese local areas. As part of these researches, in light of the current situation that we have not been able to fully understand the actual condition of renewable energy at the local level, we took a survey of all 1741 municipalities across the country in collaboration with Asahi News.


The ratio of index finger length to ring finger length (2D:4D) is an index of prenatal androgen exposure. In a study with 71 female and 52 male undergraduate students, we assessed the relationship between 2D:4D and jealousy with respect to various dimensions of rival characteristics. Following the presentation of a jealousy-evoking scenario, participants rated the extent to which they would feel jealous if the rival possessed various characteristics (some which have been found to be more jealousy evoking for men, others which have been found to be more jealousy evoking for women). Men with higher, more feminine 2D:4D reacted more jealously toward socially dominant rivals. Women with lower, more masculine 2D:4D reacted more jealously toward physically attractive rivals. These results show that the level of prenatal testosterone affects which rival characteristics elicit the highest level of jealousy, and differently for men and women.


An easy and convenient approach has been adopted to synthesize a new series of chromene/[1,2,3]triazole hybrid derivatives involving Cu(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and a single step multicomponent reaction. The novel synthesized compounds ( 8a-l ) were screened for cytotoxicity against three tumour cell lines i.e. MCF-7, PC-3 and HeLa using reference drug doxorubicin. Compound 8j ( m -acetyl) showed an outstanding activity against all the three cell lines with IC 50 values of 2.67 ± 0.03, 3.13 ± 0.03 and 3.05 ± 0.05 µM respectively. Compound 8k ( p -acetyl) also exhibited good activity with IC 50 values of 3.16 ± 0.05, 4.68 ± 0.03 and 3.81 ± 0.02 µM and the values are closer to doxorubicin IC 50 values . The rest of the synthesized compounds have displayed good to moderate activity compared to reference drug. Molecular docking simulations of compounds 8b , 8f and 8j exhibited an excellent binding interactions against the crystal structure of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).


Purpose: Lanolin (wool fat) for the industrial use on the European market comes from several sources. Due to differences in its functionality-related characteristics (e. g. its viscosity) its quality may vary widely. Therefore the application often leads to problems in the manufacturing process of semi-solid formulations and in the performance of the medical or cosmetic products. A rheological evaluation can be useful to characterize wool fat used in water-emulsifying ointments and lipophilic creams. It provides a method of quality control and gives information about the structure of the material. Lanolin itself can not be directly rheologically tested because of its sticky and waxy constitution. The aim was therefore to examine whether a rheological analysis is possible after mixing lanolin with other substances. Methods: For the characterization of different lanolins, seven lanolin batches of three different suppliers were used to prepare formulations with further ointment bases (white soft paraffin, liquid paraffin). Rotation and oscillation measurements were carried out. Results: The formulation lanolin/liquid paraffin is best-suited for a rheological classification of lanolin. While many of the tested lanolin batches were very similar, some showed a quite different rheological behaviour. Conclusion: Due to the different rheological characteristics of the tested lanolins, a rheological classification is possible. Rotation and oscillation measurements show comparable results. Outlook: Further research is necessary to evaluate the possibility to correlate the rheological results of the excipient (lanolin) with rheological characteristics of the finished product.


A set of new regulatory rules on nuclear power plants have been implemented in Japan effective October 1, 2003, in order to conduct the Inservice Inspection (ISI) effectively and to examine fitness-for-service properly. The new regulation utilizes the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineer (JSME) Codes on fitness-for-service for nuclear power plants. The rules are applied for the ISIs and for evaluation of structural integrity of the class 1 components and the core shrouds with flaws. Additional components will be subjected to the structural integrity examination, in accordance with the further development of the codes and with establishment of the performance demonstration system for non-destructive testing. Endorsement of other codes and standards are foreseen after technical review by the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) of Japan. This new regulatory process, which utilizes the consensus codes and standards established by academic/public societies, would allow the NISA to accommodate recent technical progress in a more timely manner.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Assumptions concerning a software supporting the primary intramural teaching subsidy distribution at a Wroclaw University of Science and Technology faculty compatible with a distribution algorithm are described. Strategic goal, main problems, roles and operational tasks of this support are identified. Selected business processes and system use cases are analyzed. Concepts as well as introductory system architecture accommodating the necessity of the subsidy distribution algorithm updating are elaborated. Proposals important from the point of view of the dean's financial assistant preparing analytical data concerning subsidy distribution for the faculty provisional as well as final budged version are formulated.


This paper describes the main functions of Automatic Test System(ATS) and it's importance when using and researching the electric system of armored vehicle,presents a method about ATS used in vehicle and discusses the emphases and difficulties in the ATS's research.


: We investigated the development of an objective evaluation method for comfortable occlusion and mastication by analyzing jaw movements. The main occluding area is a very important concept for evaluating the food crushing area that is mainly used during mastication. The purpose of this study was to study kinematic characteristics of condylar movements at the kinematic condylar point during biting a piece of dental stopping at the main occluding area. Five staff and students of our institute (3 males and 2 females; average age, 29.1 ± 9.0 years) participated in this study after providing informed consent. All participants had normal occlusion without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. The participants were asked to freely bite a piece of dental stopping once. They were instructed to perform the same trial 5 times each on the left and right sides. Their jaw movements in six degrees of freedom and masticatory muscle activities were recorded simultaneously while they bit on the dental stopping. For all participants, the main occluding areas were located in the first molar region. At the start of the burst activity of the masseter muscle on the working side, the working-side kinematic condylar point reached its rearmost position significantly before the balancing-side kinematic condylar point reached its intercuspal position. At the peak of the burst, both kinematic condylar points reached their intercuspal positions more closely; however, the balancing-side kinematic condylar point reached a more superior position than its intercuspal position. This finding indicated that the masticatory force was loaded onto the surface of the temporomandibular joint. The results suggested that the kinematic characteristics of jaw movement during biting a piece of dental stopping are similar to those reported during mastication, and that biting a piece of dental stopping at the main occluding area is a useful tool for evaluating masticatory ability.


In the paper there are discussed the results of the analysis of temperature and deformation rate influences on static mechanical properties for Al-8Al 4 C 3 system. The pronounced change of plastic properties was shown in the temperature range of 350-450 °C at the deformation rate 10 −1 s −1 as a consequence of dynamic polygonizaton together with the grain boundary sliding. The parameters of state equation and apparent activation energy of the deformation process (325 kJ m −1 ) were evaluated. From the analysis of fracture micromechanisms follows that low-temperature fractures have transcrystalline character, at the temperatures above 400 °C the intercrystalline character of the failure is dominant


Firstly the concept of biological house is delimited in the thesis. Throuhgh summarizing and assaying the essence of biological house. the course of how to produce the biological house is expounded. Moreover, the development of biological house at present in China is also discussed in particular.


Modern underground coal mining requires certainty about geological faults, dykes and other structural features. Faults with throws of even just a few metres can create safety issues and lead to costly delays in mine production. In this paper, we use numerical modelling in an ideal, noise-free environment with homogeneous layering to investigate the detectability of small faults by seismic reflection surveying. If the layering is horizontal, faults with throws of 1/8 of the wavelength should be detectable in a 2D survey. In a coal mining setting where the seismic velocity of the overburden ranges from 3000 m/s to 4000 m/s and the dominant seismic frequency is ~100 Hz, this corresponds to a fault with a throw of 4–5 m. However, if the layers are dipping or folded, the faults may be more difficult to detect, especially when their throws oppose the trend of the background structure. In the case of 3D seismic surveying we suggest that faults with throws as small as 1/16 of wavelength (2–2.5 m) can be detectable because of the benefits offered by computer-aided horizon identification and the improved spatial coherence in 3D seismic surveys. With dykes, we find that Berkhout's definition of the Fresnel zone is more consistent with actual experience. At a depth of 500 m, which is typically encountered in coal mining, and a 100 Hz dominant seismic frequency, dykes less than 8 m in width are undetectable, even after migration. We use numerical modelling in an ideal noise-free environment and homogeneous layering to investigate the detectability of small faults by seismic reflection surveying. It is shown that the detection of faults relates not only to the seismic wave frequencies and wavelengths, but also to the presence of background structures.


The heat equation on Khler manifolds with nonnegative and bounded bisectional curvature was studied.The gradient estimate of positive solutions and the complex Hessian estimate on it were obtained under a less condition.


Pineal cyst is a benign lesion commonly occurring in people of any age. Until now, the underlying molecular alterations have not been explored.


The microwave hydrothermal method has been used to synthesize MgFe2-xCexO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) nanoparticles, which have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrometer, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and dielectric properties. XRD investigation confirms the cubic spinel structure, and the Debye-Scherer formula was used to determine the crystallite size, showing values of 19–108 nm. FTIR confirms the presence of all functional groups and no impurities were present, FE-SEM displayed particles-like morphology. The UV-visible analysis was used to explain the variation of optical bandgap as Ce3+ doping was increased. VSM analysis of MgFe2-xCexO4 showed ferromagnetic behaviour. The samples exhibit low magnetization values ranging from 8.83 to 18.91 emu/g. The values of the dielectric constant (ε') and the dielectric loss (tan ) decreased with frequency due to the influence of space-charge polarisation and showed a dispersive behaviour at higher frequencies.


Direct wafer bonding has been identified as an enabling technology for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). As the complexity of devices increase and the bonding of multiple patterned wafers is required, there is a need to understand the factors that lead to bonding failure. Bonding relies on shortranged surface forces, thus flatness deviations of the wafers may prevent bonding. Bonding success is determined by whether or not the surface forces are sufficient to overcome the flatness deviations and deform the wafers to a common shape. A general bonding criterion based on this fact is developed by comparing the strain energy required to deform the wafers to the surface energy that is dissipated as the bond is formed. The bonding criterion is used to examine the case of bonding bowed wafers with etch patterns on the bonding surface. An analytical expression for the bonding criterion is developed using plate theory for the case of bowed wafers. Then, the criterion is implemented using finite element analysis, to demonstrate its use and to validate the analytical model. The results indicate that wafer thickness and curvature are important in determining bonding success and that the bonding criterion is independent of wafer diameter. Results also demonstrate that shallow etched patterns can make bonding more difficult while deep features, which penetrate through an appreciable thickness of the wafer, may facilitate bonding. Design implications of the model results are discussed in detail. Preliminary results from experiments designed to validate the model, agree with the trends seen in the model, but further work is required to achieve quantitative correlation.


Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of the detection of IgE and eosinophile granulocyte in the patients with Chronic Urticaria,providing the basis of clinical treatment.Methods: 256 patients with Chronic Urticaria admitted in our hospital during Jan 2008 to Dec 2009 were enrolled in this investigation,a prospective case-control study between 256 patients and 40 heathy persons.And the contents of IgE and eosinophile granulocyte in these two groups were detected.Results: The average content of total IgE in Chronic Urticaria patients is 582.1±134.62 while it is 89.36±32.10 in heathy persons group,and the total positives of IgE are 73.83%(189/256) and 12.5%(5/40) in Chronic Urticaria patients and heathy persons respectively,thereby the data of these two groups have statistically significant difference(P0.05).Moveover,the average amount of eosinophile granulocyte in patients group is obviously more than those in healthy persons,which are(323.28±287.13)*106/L and(119.36±86.37)*106/L respectively.Conclusion: The contents of both IgE and eosinophile granulocyte in patients with Chronic Urticaria are obviously higher than those in healthy persons,which play a very important role in diagnosis as well as the treatment effect of Chronic Urticaria.


This paper reflects on the success of catholic festivities in ancestral williche's territory in the tenth region as place of intercultural encounter; analyses communicative strategies that each part plays and the mechanisms of seduction that assure its root, capacity of attraction, and convert it in an effective system of sociocultural mediation.


For many patients with depression, full symptom remission remains elusive despite multiple trials of antidepressants. This article focuses on psychopharmacological and related interventions.


This chapter discerns two distinct approaches to religious research: a narrow and a broad one. The broad approach aims at producing knowledge about religions, but in addition it seeks to clarify and promote the contribution of these religions to 'a good life' for individuals and communities in the societies of which the religions form a part. The chapter adopts the second, broader approach, the dominant one in the American Academy of Religion, and the author do so from a cognitive paradigm. It deals with the following themes: goals of religious research, object of religious research, general aspects and specific aspects-relation between insider and outsider perspectives in which religious research is conducted, the principle of comparison, and finally, the normative implications at issue, especially human rights.Keywords: cognitive paradigm; human rights; religious research


This working paper addresses the major factors influencing the potential utilization of lignite as an industrial fuel in Arkansas and Louisiana. The technical, economic and regulatory aspects of industrial markets for lignite are reviewed and a brief discussion of the potential of lignite use in the industrial belt in southern Louisiana as well as for existing and new industry in the lignite region in Arkansas and Louisiana, is presented. This paper was prepared in support of the development of the Lignite Research Agenda for the Ozarks Regional Commission. During the development of the Agenda, Synergic Resources Corporation personnel worked in close cooperation with an under the supervision of the Lignite Steering Committee. Members of this Steering Committee included representatives of the local economic development districts, the two state energy offices, state geological surveys and Commission staff.


Stable and minimum delay scheduling of wireless downlinks, with time correlated random connectivity between the base station and each associated user, is an important problem in modern communication systems. We assume that the base station of the wireless downlink dynamically switches between the users to transmit packets to each user. The dynamic switching of the base station incurs a reconfiguration delay. We find that as the reconfiguration delay increases the stability region of the wireless downlink with correlated channel connectivity shrinks to that achieved by time sharing among the users over large time periods. Since existing scheduling policies are designed either for single slot reconfiguration delay and correlated random connectivity, or multislot reconfiguration delay but without correlated connectivity, we propose scheduling policies which explicitly takes into account the correlated channel connectivity and multislot reconfiguration delay and show using simulations that the average delay is reduced compared to existing policies.


We have demonstrated that a simple diaphragm can play the role of a very cheap reconfigurable diffractive optical element allowing the generation of interesting laser beam patterns. For instance, a truncated Laguerre–Gauss LG10 beam (one peak surrounded by one ring) can be transformed in the focal plane of a lens into an optical bottle beam (OBB) which consists to a dark (or minimal intensity) region surrounded by higher intensity light in the three principal directions. Depending on the beam truncation, one can also observe a flat-top intensity profile.


1. Introduction Leo Huberts 2 The Multi Disciplinarity of Ethics and Integrity of Governance Leo Huberts 3 Integrity and Integritism Leo Huberts 4. Governance and Integrity Leo Huberts 5 What Is Valued in Politics and Administration Leo Huberts and Zeger van der Wal 6 What Goes Wrong: Integrity Violations Leo Huberts and Karin Lasthuizen 7 Why It Goes Wrong: Causes of Corruption Leo Huberts and Gjalt de Graaf 8. What Is Done to Protect Integrity: Policies, Institutions, and Systems Leo Huberts, Frederique Six, Mieke van Tankeren, Andre van Montfort and Hester Paanakker 9 Placing Integrity of Governance in Context Leo Huberts


Abstract Recent advances to preserve neurocognitive function in patients treated for brain metastases include stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy (HA-WBRT), and memantine administration. The hippocampus, corpus callosum, fornix, and amygdala are key neurocognitive substructures with a low propensity for brain metastases. Herein, we report our preliminary experience using a "memory-avoidance" WBRT (MA-WBRT) approach that spares these substructures for patients with >15 brain metastases. Ten consecutive patients treated with MA-WBRT on a phase 2 clinical trial were reviewed. In each patient, the hippocampi, amygdalae, corpus callosum, and fornix were contoured. Patients were not eligible for MA-WBRT if they had metastases in these substructures. A memory- avoidance region created using a 5mm volumetric expansion around these substructures. Hotspots were avoided in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Coverage of brain metastases was prioritized over memory avoidance dose constraints. Dose constraints for these avoidance structures included a D100% ≤ 9Gy and D0.03cc ≤ 16Gy (variation acceptable to 20Gy). LINAC-based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were generated for a prescription dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. On average, the memory avoidance structure volume was 37.1 ccs (Range: 25.2-44.6 ccs), occupying 2.5% of the entire whole brain target volume. All treatment plans met the D100% dose constraint, and 8/10 plans met the D0.03cc constraint, with priority given to tumor coverage for the remaining 2 cases. Target coverage (D98% >25Gy) and homogeneity (D2% ≤ 37.5Gy) were achieved for all plans. Modern VMAT techniques allow for sparing of the hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, and fornix with good target coverage and homogeneity. After enrollment is completed, quality of life and cognitive data will be evaluated to assess the efficacy of MA-WBRT to mitigate declines in quality of life and cognition after whole brain radiation.


As an application of the high performance CRAY supercomputers, we presented the results of our total energy study on the electronic structure and lattice dynamic properties of high T/sub c/ Hg-Ba-Cu-O superconductors. For the calculations, we employed the self consistent FLAPW method under the density functional formalism within the local density approximation. The excellent agreement of our calculated results with experiments on the phonon frequencies of Hg based high T/sub c/ superconductors has demonstrated that the LDA FLAPW method provides an accurate description of total energies of the high T/sub c/ Cu-oxide superconductors.


When I was asked to tell my tale, my first thought was that it might help other people avoid making the same mistakes and to have a clearer understanding when certain things happen. Then I thought that it might help me too. I haven't done this sort of thing before, and the idea of putting pen to paper may even give me a few surprises. Perhaps I will recount something which is not true, to block any attempts at reconstruction of suffering, even though I now feel cold and hard, like a block of white marble.


Course-focused and comprehensive, Poole's Textbook on Contract Law provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. According to the doctrine of privity of contract, only the parties to the contract are bound by, or can enforce, the obligations under the contract. A person who is not a party to a contract does not have any rights under that contract and is not subject to any of its obligations (or burdens). This chapter considers the rules of contract law, and related rules, that are applicable to contracts which stipulate third party rights. It considers the relevant provisions of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999, the scope of the legislative reform, the test for third party enforceability and how the doctrine of privity of contract is related to the consideration requirement. It also looks at means of circumventing the privity doctrine such as assignment, and exceptions to the privity doctrine such as agency principles as employed in The Eurymedon. The chapter then examines remedies available to the promisee which have the effect of enforcing any promise in favour of a third party beneficiary or enabling substantial damages to be recovered to cover the third party's loss. Finally, the means by which contractual burdens may bind third parties are examined.


Under the premise of enriching the teaching content, the effective integration of the ideological and political education teaching concept in the course teaching of colleges and universities plays an important role in promoting the socialist core values, guiding students to establish the correct value orientation and cultivating their noble character. Optics curriculum is an indispensable basic course of applied physics and related majors, which carries the important task of cultivating talents in basic disciplines of our country. On the premise of making good use of the main channel of classroom teaching, combining the characteristics of optical subject, combining "optical knowledge" with "ideological and political elements" organically, making the optical curriculum develop in the same direction with ideological and political education, carrying out the fundamental task of " Moral Education ", and forming the practical exploration of synergy effect.


Introduction: Q-angle is considered to be the most important variable among the lower extremity alignment variables. The present study was undertaken to determine the anatomical factors, those which have impact on the magnitude of Q-angle and to examine sex differences in lower extremity alignment of state level athletes. Methods: 100 state level athletes (50 male and 50 female) of age group 18-27 years were selected purposively from various sports academies of Odisha for study. Five anthropometric variables, i.e. height, weight, Body Mass Index, total leg length, lower leg length; and six lower extremity alignment variables, i.e. tibiofemoral angle, femur anteversion, Q-angle, genu recurvatum, tibial torsion, navicular drop were measured on each subject following standard techniques. Results: The present study depicted that statistically significant differences (p≤0.001) were observed between male and female state level athletes in anthropometric variables, viz., height, weight, right total leg length, left total leg length, right lower leg length, left lower leg length and; in lower extremity alignment variables, viz., right femoral anteversion, left femoral anteversion, right Q-angle, left Q-angle, right tibial torsion, left tibial torsion. However, statistically significant difference (p<0.05) were seen in right tibiofemoral angle, right navicular drop and left navicular drop. Significant positive correlation (p≤0.001) of right Q-angle was noted with right femoral anteversion, right tibial torsion and right navicular drop. Conclusion: It may be concluded that femoral anteversion, tibial torsion and navicular drop have significant impact on the magnitude of Q-angle; and the sex difference may influence the static lower extremity alignments.


We consider the problem of choosing K "medians" among n points on the Euclidean plane such that the sum of the distances from each of the n points to its closest median is minimized. We show that this problem is NP-complete. We also present two heuristics that produce arbitrarily good solutions with probability going to 1. One is a partition heuristic, and works when K grows linearly—or almost so—with n. The other is the "honeycomb" heuristic, and is applicable to rates of growth of K of the form $K \sim n^\varepsilon $, $0 < \varepsilon < 1$.


A computer-readable recording medium storing a file processing program, a method and a device for processing files, and the computer-readable storing a functional program are provided to process desired data at high speed by storing ID information obtained through search and obtaining the desired data with one ID information search, as a data location is obtained from the ID information when the file is opened. An informer(2) sequentially informs an application(3) of information for a plurality of data stored in a storage medium(4) based on an information obtaining direction received from the application. An ID information checker(5) checks ID information corresponding to the notified data by referring to the ID information of each data stored in the storage medium. An executor(6) reads and executes the data corresponding to the ID information previously obtained by the ID information checker if a data execution direction is received from the application when the informer informs the application of the information for the data.


Abstract: This article explores the history, ideology and political strategy of the Partido Kalikasan (PK, Nature Party), a grassroots-based green party in the Philippines. The PK was established in 2003 but its development is constrained by the lack of resources and strategic differences internal to the party and by the distinct history and setting of civil society and politics in the archipelago. Yet, the mere presence of an emerging green party in a relatively poor country like the Philippines puts into question the postmaterialist thesis of Ronald Inglehart. It seems that the environment is more than a "quality of life" issue, especially in a country where vast sections of the population still struggle to meet their basic needs.


An apparatus for compensating a state of charge of a battery module (13) in a vehicle (10) comprising: a plurality of batteries (B1-B3) in the battery module (13), wherein the batteries (B1-B3) are connected in series, each of the batteries (B1-B3) has a battery voltage and at least one battery, an electrical system of the vehicle (10 ) supplied with power; an electric generator (20) which generates a generator voltage for charging of the batteries (B1-B3); and a DC / DC converter (24) coupled with the electrical generator (20) and receives from the same stream, the DC / DC converter (24) at least one of the battery voltage monitored at least one of the batteries (B1-B2) and in parallel with a first battery (B1) provides a voltage output of the battery module (13) wired to charge the first battery (B1); characterized, in that is set in a first mode, the voltage output such that it is equal to the smaller of the voltage of the other battery (B2, B3).


1253 Coulomb interaction plays an essential role in transport phenomena in small quantum structures. The main difficulty in understanding the transport phenomena through quantum structures arises from the fact that it is necessary to take into account not only the electron transfer or the interaction across substructures, but also the strong correlation in each substructure. We have recently proposed a theoretical framework for dealing with such a situation in an adequate manner. Among many transport phenomena attributable to Coulomb interactions, we discuss the co-tunneling in a quantum dot. In addition, we focus our attention on the effects or the phenomena which are predicted from our theory and are confirmed by experiments. Averin and Nazarov (AN) had found the fourth order of tunneling processes a quantum dot, called cotunneling process, in which a tunneling current is proportional to V 3 when the applied voltage V is much smaller than the offset voltage Voff . The co-tunneling process, which is one of sequential processes, is given by the Feynman diagram shown in Fig. 1 because it describes the simultaneous transfer of two electrons through different junctions, L and R. The standard formula derived by AN for co-tunneling current is reproduced from this figure if ± lines are replaced by the Green's functions for the free electron system, and the lines r and a by those in the noninteracting system in which the charging effect is taken into account in molecular field approximation. This implies that no correlation is taken into account in AN's theory. As a result, only the Fermi-Dirac distribution functions are contained in AN's even though each electron in the dot feels a strong Coulomb repulsion, so that the dramatic reduction in the fluctuation of the number of electrons induced by the Coulomb blockade is not en into account appropriately. In addition, it is known that, in the small voltage region eV EC with the charging energy EC = e/2C, it is difficult to fit the wide range of experimental data by a single term proportional to V . 3) In our analysis, on the other hand, the effects of correlation resulting from a strong Coulomb repulsion are taken into account by replacing the Green's functions, through


Objective
To evaluate the influence of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) on immune response and anti-tumor effect of recombinant adenovirus vector-based human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 vaccine in the laboratory mice.

Methods
The mouse tumor models were established by TC-1 cell transplantation, and were injected exogenous HMGB1 and its antagonist HMGB1 A box. Anti-tumor test, TC-1 tumor cell challenge test and specific IFNγ induction test were carried out with recombinant adenovirus vector-based HPV-16 vaccination.

Results
The anti-tumor test showed that HMGB1 could promote tumor occurrence (2/10 vs 9/10, P<0.05), while A box reduced it (7/10 vs 1/10, P<0.05) compared with groups separately inoculating various levels of vaccines. TC-1 tumor cell challenge test showed that 8 mice escaped TC-1 cell attack among 10 mice that had immune response after the vaccination, but HMGB1 intervention only lead to 2 mice escaping TC-1 cell attack, which had an earlier time of tumor growth and bigger tumor. Meanwhile, the specific IFNγ induction by vaccination was weakened by HMGB1.

Conclusions
HMGB1 can block the immune response and anti-tumor effect of recombinant adenovirus vector-based HPV-16 vaccine in mouse model, while its antagonist A box protein can enhance it partly.

Key words:
Papillomavirus vaccines; HMGB1 protein; Immune efficacy


Magnetic turbulence is found in most space plas- mas, including the geospace environment. Recent spacecraft observations of magnetic turbulence in the ion foreshock, in the magnetosheath, in the polar cusp regions, and in the magnetotail will be reviewed. Turbulence features like the fluctuation level, the spectral power law index, the turbu- lence anisotropy and intermittency, and the turbulence driver will be addressed. The influence of such a turbulence on the plasma transport and dynamics will be described, also using the results of numerical simulations. space plasmas, which then evolve into a power-law spectrum thanks to nonlinear interactions. Magnetic turbulence due to both phenomenologies is observed in and around the Earth's magnetosphere. Such a turbulence can be due either to veloc- ity shear instabilities in the magnetosheath, or to magnetic re- connection at magnetic field reversals like the magnetopause and the magnetotail, or to kinetic instabilities due to parti- cle beams and to the anisotropic distribution functions in the bow shock and in the magnetotail. Many spacecraft have explored the near Earth space, yield- ing a rich set of magnetic field observations (e.g. Zimbardo, 2006). The International Heliophysical Year gives the op- portunity to study these data in a coordinated, comparative way, and here we point out that similar analysis techniques can be used for different datasets. The observations point out the importance of the underlying nonlinear dynamics, but the many behaviours of plasmas and magnetofluids show that further studies are needed. Here we describe some stimulat- ing, and often puzzling, observations, and indicate how the understanding of some problems can be advanced by the use of numerical simulations.


arch 14 (month 3, day 14) is the day math nerds celebrate the number p (3.14...), and you might be one of them. But if you're getting tired of your p served plain, why not spice things up by combining the world's favorite nerdy number with the world's favorite nerdy operation? The square root of p has attracted attention for almost as long as p itself. When you're an ancient Greek mathematician studying circles and squares and playing with straightedges and compasses, it's natural to try to find a circle and a square that have the same area. If you start with the circle and try to find the square, that's called squaring the circle. A circle of radius r = 1 has area p p ⋅ = 12 so a square with side length s has the same area as the circle if s2 = p, that is, if s = p. It's well known that squaring the circle is impossible in the sense that, if you use the classic Greek tools in the classic Greek manner, you can't construct a square whose side-length is p. But what's less well known is that there are (at least!) two other places in mathematics where the square root of p crops up: an infinite product that on its surface makes no sense and a calculus problem with a solution involving a surface.


Objective:To observe the characteristics of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) of non-operative treatments for hepatic carcinomas and explore its clinical value.Methods:Total of 138 patients with 180 lesions of non-operative treatment for liver cancer were examined by CEUS.Results:The specificity and accuracy of CEUS for focus detection after interventional therapy were 98.4% and 98.9% respectively.In different interventional treatments,the completely inactivated rates were 61.5%,11.5%,83.3%,72.7%,60% and 88.5% by gamma knife,TACE,RF,PEI,PMCT and TACE combined RF or PEI respectively.There was significant effect (92%) between 3 centimetre and 5 centimitre liver tumor by TACE combined RF treated and a better effect (96.8% and 92.3%) under 3 centimetre liver tumor by RF and PEI treated.Conclusion:The contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can be used to monitor the efficacy after different non-operative therapy.