switzerland Climate change is predicted to have substantial negative impacts on biodiversity for a wide variety of taxa across many regions of the world. the combined effects of climate change, habitat fragmentation and land use change is the most important conservation challenge we face. Maintaining connectivity is the most recommended strategy for conserving species in onset of climate change. in this study, we identified and evaluated migration corridors for two vulnerable ungulate species, the wild sheep (Ovis orientalis isphahanica), and the goitered gazelle (Gazella subguterrosa) between Mooteh and Ghamishloo wild life refuges in isfahan province, iran. Migration of goitered gazelle and wild sheep between these wildlife refuges is related to seasonal change in environmental conditions. to identify migration corridors, two connectivity models were used, least-Cost Corridor (lCC), and Circuit theory. Using lCC, two corridors were selected for each target species. The first least-cost corridors for the species included habitats of highest quality (lowest resistance) which stands for the minimum costs for movement. theses corridor for giotered gazelle covered about 158 km2 (7.5% of the total area) and the one for Wild sheep covered 151 km2 (7.2% of the total area). Although the identified corridors in this study are currently used for round migrations between Mooteh and Ghamishloo wildlife refuges, they are most likely to be served as one way migration corridors from Ghamishloo to Mooteh protected area assisting the species to shift their ranges in response to climate change in an immediate future. Climatic conditions in Mooteh compared to Ghamishloo in terms of annual rainfall (249.16 mm in Mootieh in compared to 180.9 mm in Ghamishloo) and minimum average temperature (-8.5C in Mooteh compared to -1.6 C in Ghamishloo) indicates that Mooteh wildlife refuge will be used as a refugia to buffer these ungulates from the impacts of drought and climate change in this region.We conclude that protecting and incorporating of the remaining suitable migration corridors into the existing protected areas network of iran is an urgent need in order to secure the survival of the migratory species. as the study area is not protected at present and is very likely to be developed in near future, it Biodiversity supports many ecosystem services that are very important for climate change mitigation and adaptation, according to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) there are clear interlinkages between biodiversity and climate changes. there is a functional link between the tropical forest ecosystem biodiversity and their capacity for carbon uptake and storage as well as regulation of evapotranspiration flux. Nevertheless, land use changes and agriculture expansion reduce the ecosystems integrity modifying the functions related directly to the ecosystem services. the relationship between biodiversity loss and the ecosystem services in tropical forests, in face of the ongoing global climate change, has been quite accepted by the scientific community, but needs to be better quantified and understood. the objective of this paper is to present the methodological approach and preliminary results on the impact estimation of land use changes and ecosystem biodiversity loss in carbon stock and evapotranspiration fluxes regulation ecosystem services. In order to fulfill that goal, the carbon stock and evapotranspiration spatial models were correlated with an ecosystem integrity model, used as an indicator of biodiversity loss for the Brazilian amazon. the methodological approach of this work consists in the generation of an "ecosystem biodiversity loss" spatial model based on probability distribution of evidence parameters (Bayesian theory - lindley 1972). the modeling was based on learning process (dada-driven model) using the expectation Maximization algorithm (Buntime 1994). Bayesian network has been established from an expert conceptual model that related different spatial data (thematic maps and remote sensing data): (i) Biomass (MODis/ UsGs – nasa); (ii) eVi; (iii) lai- leaf area index (MODis/ UsGs – nasa); (iv) tree Cover (MODis/ UsGs – nasa); (v) Gpp- Gross primary productivity (MODis/ UsGs – nasa). the carbon stock ecosystem service was estimated from aboveground carbon stocks spatial model developed by Baccini et. al. (2004) within the pantropical national level Carbon stocks project held by the Woods Hole Research Center – WHRC, Boston University and the University of Maryland (Ma, Usa). the methodology was based on ground data, MODis 500m imagery and Glas LiDAR data. The evapotranspiration fluxes ecosystem service was estimated from MODis surface resistance and evapotranspiration (MOD 16), data developed by numerical terradynamic simulation Group (ntsG), College of Forestry & Conservation - University of Montana (Mu et al., 2007). preliminary results were promising, allowing the establishment of the probabilistic distribution spatial patterns of biodiversity loss, as well as a preliminary assessment of the relationship with the carbon stocks (aboveground biomass) and evapotranspiration fluxes. this work is part of the rOBin project - role of Biodiversity in Climate Change Mitigation – sponsored by the european Union (Fp7 edict enV. 2011.2.1.4 -1: potential of biodiversity and ecosystems for the mitigation of climate change). this paper develops preliminary a dynamic system model and a theoretical analysis from the ecological economics perspective for a key non-timber forest product of the peruvian amazon basin: the amazon nut (Bertholletia excelsa). specially, we analyse the bioeconomic dimensions of two ecosystem services: pollination and the forest cover to provide habitat for flora and fauna. the contribution of this paper is to present evidence that support the argument that decision makers from development countries have an excellent investment opportunity for conservation of biodiversity in indigenous lands with amazon nuts. West africa supports globally high levels of species richness and endemism but this exceptional biodiversity is subject to serious ongoing anthropogenic threats, particularly from land transformation and over-exploitation. Climate change is now recognised as a serious emerging threat to biodiversity due both to its direct impacts on species' health and habitats, and because some human responses are likely to exacerbate historical threats. in order to prepare sound climate change adaptation strategies for West africa, it's necessary to understand how biological systems will be impacted. to address this need, we carried out climate change vulnerability assessments for almost all of the region's terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes (2,854 species). Using a trait-based approach, we worked with species experts to identify traits conferring high climate change sensitivity and low adaptive capacity for each taxonomic group, and then scored each species' degree of possession of these. species' exposure to climate change was estimated using regional projections of future climate across their individual distribution ranges. Combining the resulting sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity scores, we categorised each species' overall climate change vulnerability. this allowed us to identify those facing highest risk from climate change, as well as the regions where such species are concentrated. Comparing the patterns of high climate change vulnerability with those of high threat from non-climate related factors allowed us to identify areas of greatest overall concern for West african species. By comparing these priorities with current protected area coverage, we highlight areas that are currently unprotected but in great need of protection, as well as the existing protected areas in which adaptation efforts should be prioritised.


Method for producing a metallized surface textile structure, wherein a sheet-like textile structure (A) printed with a formulation for printing which contains as a component at least one metal powder (a), where the metal in question exhibits normal more strongly negative potential than hydrogen in the range of electrochemical potentials of elements, (B) heat-treated in one or more stages, (C) another metal on the surface textile structure is deposited, where after step (C ) is coated with at least one polymeric compound (e), which acts insulating way against the electric current.


Both migraine and asthma are common health problems in the general population. However, the association between these two disorders is yet to be fully explored.


In this outline of Labour's defence and security policy Dr David Clark castigates the government for what Labour sees as Treasury‐led cuts which have little bearing on the current and changing tasks and needs of Britain's defence. He puts the case for a comprehensive Defence Review to which the Labour Party is fully committed to take into account the changes in the security environment in the post‐Cold War world. After setting out the criteria for Labour's defence policy. Dr Clark concludes in that the Government has failed to face up to the challenges of this new environment and has let down the armed forces who have served this country so well.


In this study the guariroba ( Syagrus oleracea , Becc) was submitted to a blanching procedure that was able to inactive the peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) enzymes. The treatment consisted of immersing guariroba slices in a pre-processing solution containing a solution of 1.0% (p/v) of lactic acid during 10 minutes, followed by heating in solution of NaCl 2.5% (p/v) for 15 minutes. This treatment was effective for enzymes inactivation, measured by enzyme activity tests and color development and luminosity tests, allowing the storage of guariroba in polyetilene sacks, at 8oC, for 60 days. We also investigated the influence of post harvest time on economic viability of this plant, which allowed us to suggest this plant processing at a maximum time limit of three days after harvest.


In the polar regions and climate change section, the topics of ocean/atmosphere heat transfer, trace gases, surface albedo, and response to climate warming are discussed. The satellite instruments section is divided into three parts. Part one is about basic principles and covers, choice of frequencies, algorithms, orbits, and remote sensing techniques. Part two is about passive sensors and covers microwave radiometers, medium-resolution visible and infrared sensors, advanced very high resolution radiometers, optical line scanners, earth radiation budget experiment, coastal zone color scanner, high-resolution imagers, and atmospheric sounding. Part three is about active sensors and covers synthetic aperture radar, radar altimeters, scatterometers, and lidar. There is also a next decade section that is followed by a summary and recommendations section.


It is very convenient for user to operate in embedded system by GUI. GUI is wildly applied in embedded system. A common architecture for GUI development was introduced in consideration of limited resources and different hardware devices. Several important components, such as message loop, mud-window management, control/control class and input/output abstract layer, were discussed in detail including basic concepts and design features. Finally, we presented the GUI interface that has been implemented in our project.


Sir, I read the review article published in the previous issue of the Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases with great interest.1 Ghahramani pointed rightly to one of the most disputed ethical issues in the field of nephrology and kidney transplantation. Several studies from almost all over the world have clarified existence of deep disparities in terms of caring of patients who develop end-stage renal disease. The disputes rise to the peak point in the context of living donor kidney transplantation. The issue of living donor kidney transplantation is overshadowed by cases of exploitation and corruption. Reports indicating existence of profound disparities among kidney donors and recipients have made it difficult to discuss the issue in a valid and logical way. Taking a look at the literature and the proponents and opponents of the practice makes one realize the magnitude of disagreements.2,3 Unfortunately, the existence of disparities in the practice is a global fact; but interestingly, reports indicate that the problem is highly prominent in the industrialized countries, even more than that of nations with lower income.4-6 However, the condition is different in Iran. There is a great controversy about the ethics of the Iranian model for kidney transplantation. Several arguments have been made over a female predominance and exploitation in this kidney transplantation model. Although we do not argue that the practice is free from any ethical problems, the fact is that Iranian kidney transplantation is the only practice in the world in which, women are far more likely to receive a living donor kidney allograft than to donate one.7,8 Very sincerely, Behzad Einollahi


. Peter und Paul, Aarau (September 1, 2009). On invitation of Interest Group Gender Equality (canton Aargau). Content: Main results of master thesis. Input and discussion held in German.


According to the training goal of Bohai Shipbuilding Vocational College and the demand of its future development,starting from the angle of teachers,this paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility for Bohai Shipbuilding Vocational College to open the optional courses in economic management with the combination the college's present teaching activities and students' study practical condition.It discusses some teaching assumptions on curriculum setting and arrangements of optional courses,including the principles of optional courses setting,and the teaching arrangement of opened curriculum and optional courses.


A novel personalized search engine model is proposed in this article. It describes user profiles and text fea- ture with double vector. Keyword vector helps to rapidly find a user's interest domain. Expansion word vector can ac- curately express his preference in the domain. When a user submit query keywords, our system automatically computes the term-term associations according to user profiles. More personalized expansion words are determined using a search engine. Thereby different search results are returned to different users who input the same key words. The test results show the feasibility and applicability of the presented work for personalized information service of a search engine.


The Idea of Folly in Text and Image : Sebastian Brant and the insipiens - The concept of folly underwent its most important evolution between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. When tracing an iconographie and literary course from Sebastian Brant's Narrenschiff to Psalm 52, by way of Notre Dame of Paris and the Psychomachia, the contradictions present in the idea of folly become evident. The term insipiens used in Psalm 52 was figuratively represented to illustrate the text, and gave rise to various iconographic interpretations. The representation generally took the form of a symbolic figure, and it is precisely the exceptions to this tradition which mark a step by step evolution leading to a portrait of the court jester. On the threshold of the 16th century, by a fusion of fiction and portrait, Sebastian Brant used the image of the court jester to present a new form of critique demonstrating the differences between each person's real or presumed role in life. Yet by applying the term « folly » to his personal vision of the world as well, Brant gave a new dimension to the dilemma set forth by the insipiens of Psalm 52.


The purpose of this work is to determine the effective way to the intellectual development of primary school-aged bilingual learners. The author has made a suggestion about the possibility to increase the intellectual capacity of pupils by means of resource of the existing bilingualism. According to this hypothesis, we have developed a system of intellectual tasks for bilingual learners in both of their languages: mother tongue (Adyghe) and non-mother tongue (Russian). The bilingual intellectual development system includes materials from all school subjects and allows going through all stages of development. In the educational process, the system is implemented in the form of fragments of studies. Intelligent training based on bilingual system material is carried out from the first grade to the fourth one. The performed experimental research brings us to the conclusion that the developed bilingual intellectual development system facilitates the development of the mental abilities of primary school-aged bilingual learners. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5p548


With the high resolution remotely sensed image and an old map of the Pingfeng campus of Guilin University of Technology, 3D virtual reconstruction, roaming and buildings management of the campus were accomplished by the usage of ArcGIS to get basic geographic information, applying SketchUp to create 3D models and ArcEngine to develop a management information system. This method takes full advantage of existing data sources and can quickly build a 3D visualization information system.


ABSTRACT The diarrheagenic pathogen enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is responsible for significant childhood mortality and morbidity. EPEC and related attaching-and-effacing (A/E) pathogens use a type III secretion system to hierarchically deliver effector proteins into host cells and manipulate epithelial structure and function. Subversion of host mitochondrial biology is a key aspect of A/E pathogen virulence strategy, but the mechanisms remain poorly defined. We demonstrate that the early-secreted effector EspZ and the late-secreted effector EspH have contrasting effects on host mitochondrial structure and function. EspZ interacts with FIS1, a protein that induces mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. Infection of epithelial cells with either wildtype EPEC or an isogenic espZ deletion mutant (ΔespZ) robustly upregulated FIS1 abundance, but a marked increase in mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy was seen only in ΔespZ-infected cells. FIS1-depleted cells were protected against ΔespZ-induced fission, and EspZ-expressing transfected epithelial cells were protected against pharmacologically induced mitochondrial fission and membrane potential disruption. Thus, EspZ interacts with FIS1 and blocks mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In contrast to WT EPEC, ΔespH-infected epithelial cells had minimal FIS1 upregulation and exhibited hyperfused mitochondria. Consistent with the contrasting impacts on organelle shape, mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved in ΔespH-infected cells, but profoundly disrupted in ΔespZ-infected cells. Collectively, our studies reveal hitherto unappreciated roles for two essential EPEC virulence factors in the temporal and dynamic regulation of host mitochondrial biology. Plain Language Summary Bacterial pathogens strategically manipulate host cell structures and functions during the process of colonization and expansion, and this eventually contributes to disease symptoms. The diarrhea-causing pathogen enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) secretes proteins into host cells to alter their behavior. Two secreted proteins, EspZ and EspH, were previously shown to be essential for causing disease in animal models. In this study, we demonstrate that interplay between EspZ/EspH and host factors modulates the structure and function of host cell mitochondria. Among their various roles, mitochondria generate energy, produce important biomolecules, and protect cells from damage. EPEC infection of epithelial cells results in increased abundance of a key mitochondrial outer-membrane protein, FIS1. FIS1 plays a housekeeping role by breaking down unhealthy mitochondria and targeting them for elimination from cells. In the early stages of infection, EspZ interacts with FIS1 and blocks its action, thereby protecting the host mitochondrial network and consequently, enhancing host cell viability. Our studies are consistent with a model wherein EspZ-dependent preservation of mitochondrial integrity early in infection allows for bacterial colonization. Later in infection, however, EspH-dependent increase in FIS1 results in significant mitochondrial fragmentation and host cell death; this likely facilitates pathogen dispersal. Taken together, EspZ and EspH dynamically impact host biology, and consequently, infection outcomes. Overall, an appreciation of the mechanisms by which EspZ and EspH manipulate host cells could eventually lead to host-directed interventions for EPEC diarrhea, which is currently not vaccine-preventable.


The objective of this study is to develop removal equipments of fibrous materials including friable asbestos in soils. Asbestos removal equipment, was invented using artifical friability and its optimun working conditions were examined. Then, the suggested working conditions such as 200 rpm of rotation for brush, 3 m/s of inhale velocity and 0.1 m/s of moving equipment velocity were applied in the field. Soil samples were collected from various places including playground of elementary school, orchard and farmland and then analyzed with 20 retuning times in order to measure asbestos concentration before and after remediation. The collected asbestos from the soils by the developed equipment were 18.414 f/cc, 12.668 f/cc and 104.310 f/cc for playground, orchard and farmland respectively. Asbestos contents in soils were decreased from 1% to 0.5% with 50% removal effectiveness before and after soil remediation using the developed equipment. Additional facilities reducing soil water contents and disturbing the contaminated soil are suggested to improve the asbestos removal efficiency of the developed equipment.


In the declared in the first part of the clause comparative research for reasons of essentially different industrial parameters of gold mineralization in the deposits formed in various substratum, including crystal, on the one hand, and in the strata of carbonaceous shales, on the another, materials participate revealing the structure of Chyorto-vo Koryto deposit embedded in Early-Proterozoic black-shale. The sequence of formation of folded and ruptural structural elements of the deposit on preore, ore and postore stages is shown. Rupture-crack elements are differentiated by morphology, scales, kinematics, and the role in ore-formation. The structural-dynamic model of the deposit is developed where leading positions in allocation of gold-bearing mineralization are taken by numerous large and fine ruptures formed in the beginning of the ore stage in the hanging layer of ore-controlling and solution-conductive split-uplift as a result of repeating impulses of tangential compression and accompanying stretching. Features of similarity and difference of this model with structural-dynamic model of quartz-vein deposit formed in basalt strata of Berikulskoye deposit described in the first part the clause are cited and discussed. Among the factors defining the mentioned distinctions of mineralization parameters in gold deposits of the two discussed homogeneous by geologic-genetic parameters sets, the leading role is played by composition and structure of the ore-bearing substratum.


Read v2 codes for diagnoses of asthma, or recording that a previous diagnosis of asthma had resolved (resolved=1). For this project, the definition was designed to follow national guidance on indications for influenza vaccination, namely: Asthma that requires continuous or repeated use of inhaled or systemic steroids or with previous exacerbations requiring hospital admission. Individuals were defined as having asthma if there was a code for asthma at any time before the index date AND the latest asthma code prior to the index date was not an ""asthma resolved"" code AND EITHER (a) A prescription in the 12 months before start of flu season for an oral steroid OR (b) A prescription in the 12 months before start of flu seasonfor an inhaled steroid OR (c) An asthma emergency admision ever in the past


Song Dynasty is an important period focusing rule by law,and "ancestor of the law" should be obeyed throughout the Song Dynasty.Imperial Concubines follow quite complex laws and regulations due to their special status.Laws and regulations followed by Imperial Concubines in Song Dynasty are: strict court etiquette system,moderate exercise of power behind screen,and political regulation and supervision of the feudal ethics.Imperial Concubines in the Song Dynasty are characterized by womanly virtues both in their daily and political life,and become the paragons for women in the Song society.


The sample was concentrated container of the invention (1) accommodating the mixed solution (9) containing the sample, the mixture was concentrated (9) in its interior. The sample was concentrated container (1) having: a container body having an opening portion surface (3) on the surface of tubular (2); having a container body (2) on the surface of the opening portion (7) in communication with, the container a bottom side of the body (2) forming a liquid mixture (9) of the concentrated sample was concentrated after receiving portion (6); and a sample disposed in the container body (2) for covering the upper surface opening portion (7) of the cover ( 8).


Compared with single-switch open-circuit faults (SOCFs), multiple switches open-circuit faults (MOCFs) of power electronic devices (PEDs) due to high voltage or current stress, false triggering, and manufacturing tolerance have become more challenging. To address this issue, a reconfigurable dual-active-bridge (R-DAB) converter is presented with a fast, accurate, robust, and low-cost fault detection (FD) and fault isolation (FI) scheme to accommodate both SOCFs and MOCFs. Compared with the standard DAB topology, the proposed R-DAB will utilize a center-tapped high-frequency transformer and two symmetrical auxiliary inductors, where inherent half-bridge conduction branches are capable of maintaining uninterrupted operations. The proposed FD and FI scheme is straightforward and universal since only the center-tap current in the primary and secondary bridge is monitored as the universal fault signature. Moreover, a simple and low-cost fault diagnostic circuit was designed, which can detect and isolate various open circuit faults (OCFs) of PEDs under varying input and output conditions, without using expensive voltage and current sensors. This sensorless fault diagnosis technique can achieve the fastest FD and isolation speed reported so far, which is within a couple of $\mu s$ for various OCFs. Experimental results were acquired from an R-DAB prototype under various OCFs to validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.


This paper looks at the application of floating concrete caissons to four different marine construction projects in Australia and abroad in recent years. In each case a general description is given of the nature of the project, the conceptual philosophy, and details of the design and construction with particular reference to problems of seaworthiness, navigation, limiting weather and sea conditions, and final positioning. The paper draws attention to factors of importance in the design and construction of caisson projects in general, made in the light of both of the authors' considerable experience in this field. Some conclusions are drawn on the likely future of this form of construction in Australia.


The microstructure of special fluorosilicone rubber in the thermal-oxidative aging process was analyzed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( ATR-FTIR),the thermal aging resistance was studied,and the possible aging mechanisms were supposed. The results showed that after aged in a hot-air-oven for a long time,the special fluorosilicone rubber changed little in its main chain,the characteristic peak of which could be used as a reference for quantitative analysis of ATR-FTIR,but the crosslinking degree and the side chain trifluoropropyl groups changed significantly. The tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing aging time,which showed a small decline in the early and a big drop in the late. While the Shore A hardness had no significant change during the entire period of aging,which indicated that the special fluorosilicone rubber had a good thermal aging resistance. The possible aging mechanism was supposed to be the crosslink destruction and side chain fracture.


Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) are controlled release drug delivery systems, which get retained in the stomach for longer periods, thus helping in absorption of drug for the intended duration of time. Gastricretentive drug delivery devices can be useful for the spatial and temporal delivery of many drugs. In general, drugs with narrow therapeutic window and prone to degradation in intestine and colon along with drugs having low retention time in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are selected for FDDS which helps drugs to stay long time in stomach thus increasing gastric residence time and reduces dosing frequency. The present review article shows the various methods of FDDS for increasing retention time of drugs in GIT. Key words: Dosing frequency, floating drug delivery systems, gastric


Post tin mining land is one of marginal land because it has low nutrient availability. Efforts to utilize post tin mining land in agriculture for crop cultivation such as sorghum by application various doses of chiken manure an N,P,K. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of sorghum growth and production in post tin mining land by application various doses of chicken manure and N,P,K. This research used a factorial randomized block design with 6 treatment combinations and 4 groups. The first factor was the dose of chicken manure consisting of 100%, 50%, and 25% the reference dose. The second factor was the dose of fertilizer N, P, K which consists of 100% and 50% the reference dose. The results showed that chicken manure significantly affected leaves number parameters. Fertilizer N, P, K gave very significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, wet stover weight, root length, seed yield per plant and productivity. Fertilizers N, P, K significantly affect the total parameters of dissolved solids. The reduction of the dose of chicken manure from 100% to 50% showed no significant difference on leaves number. Reduction of N, P, K fertilizer doses showed significantly different results on all parameters. The A1K1 treatment (100% chicken manure + 100% N,P,K) is the best combination of treatment for the growth and production of sorghum in post tin mining land.


OBJECTIVES:It remains a matter of controversy whether possession of the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) allele is a genetic risk factor for the formation of cholesterol gallstones. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis by investigating the effect of apoE4 on bile lipid composition in normal subjects and in patients with cholesterol gallstones and to evaluate the distributions of apoE alleles in these two groups.METHODS:The study population consisted of 79 patients who underwent open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholesterol gallstone disease. The control group (n = 53) included 11 patients with benign gallbladder polyps and 42 normal subjects acting as donors in living donor liver transplantation. The apoE genotypes were assessed by dot blot hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled probes. Bile lipid composition was determined by enzymatic assays and high performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS:Bile lipid composition and cholesterol saturation index (CSI) were similar in the control subjects harboring the apoE4 allele and those without apoE4 (mean CSI, 85.9% and 72.2%, respectively, p = 0.69). Likewise, in the cholesterol gallstone patients, bile lipid composition and CSI were similar in the patients with and without apoE4 allele (mean CSI, 134.9% vs 152.2%, p = 0.6). Furthermore, the prevalence of the apoE4 allele was similar in the patients with cholesterol gallstones and in the control group (8.5% vs 7.6%, p = 0.46, OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.64–1.22).CONCLUSION:The apoE4 allele is not a contributory factor to cholesterol gallstone formation, at least in the Japanese population.


The present study provides evidence for the important role of job crafting and self-undermining behaviors at work, two new concepts that were recently integrated into the well-known job demands-resources (JD-R) theory (Bakker and Demerouti, 2017). We investigate how these behaviors are associated with work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and work ability as a long-term indicator of employee's well-being. Furthermore, we examine the moderating role of personal resources in the stress-strain process by comparing groups of employees representing the five types of job satisfaction defined by Bruggemann (1974). Data was collected in a cross-sectional study within a German DAX company's manufacturing plant from 1145 blue- and white-collar workers. Results of structural equation modeling provided, as expected, support for an indirect effect of job demands and job resources on emotional exhaustion and work engagement through job crafting and self-undermining. Work ability, on the other hand, was mainly affected by emotional exhaustion, but not by work engagement. Most important, we found significant differences between path coefficients across the five types of job satisfaction indicating that these types represent important constellations of personal resources and job demands that should be considered both for analyzing stress at work and for offering tailored stress interventions in organizations.


It is an honor to be invited to give the Inaugural Mayekawa Lecture and it is a special pleasure to return to Tokyo and the Bank of Japan to do so. I would like to begin the lecture by taking note of Governor Mayekawa's comprehensive approach to economic research and public policy problems during the 1970s and 1980s. Then, using a similar approach, I will consider some of the difficulties that researchers and policy makers face today.


The differential-pulse voltammetric behaviour of organic and organometallic arsenic compounds was investigated, the main aim being to determine a particular arsenic compound whether it be in the +3 or +5 oxidation state, inorganic or organic and in the presence of other forms using voltammetric techniques. Methods have been developed for the determination of these organoarsenic compounds in the presence of each other.


OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and handgrip strength in hospitalized geriatric patients without cognitive impairment. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Elderly patients aged over 60 years of both genders admitted to geriatric patients ward were included. On the other hand, elderly with neurological, musculoskeletal and respiratory acute exacerbated diseases; individuals with medical indication of rest or use of clinical apparatus, cognitive impairment and/or delirium were excluded. Data were collected from medical records. The ability to perform IADL was assessed by Lawton Scale and the handgrip strength was measured using handheld dynamometry on the dominant upper limb. A descriptive analysis with mean and standard deviation was carried out. The Pearson correlation test was applied to verify association between the total score of Lawton Scale and handgrip strength. RESULTS: The study included 12 patients (75% women) whose mean age were 80.67±6.35 years. The mean of handgrip strength and total Lawton Scale score were 11.96±6.71 Kgf and 22.58±1.67 points, respectively. A moderate positive association between handgrip strength and Lawton Scale score (r=0.640; p=0.025) was found. CONCLUSION: The handgrip strength and IADLs were associated in this study population.


ELSINKI, FINLAND, has many claims to distinction, not the least of which is the appearance there in 1954 of an article written by Professor Alan Ross of Birmingham University. Professor Ross's article, "Linguistic Class-Indicators in Present-Day English," argued the point that the British upper classes may be distinguished solely by their language. Professor Ross labeled such language U (upper class), and attached the label non-U to the terms and expressions extensively employed by lower elements in British society. Among examples listed by Professor Ross were non-U cycle for U bike, non-U greens for U vegetable, and non-U wealthy for U rich. In 1956 Nancy Mitford published in Encounter a commentary on Professor Ross's article which aroused considerable discussion here and abroad.2 Miss Mitford's effort served to popularize U and non-U classifications, and they continue to have a certain vogue in intellectual circles. U and non-U distinctions may be utilized in a variety of language areas to designate usages which are, in Professor Ross's words, "correct, proper, legitimate, appropriate" from usages which are "incorrect, not proper, not legitimate." The vocabulary of political3 science4 is particularly suited for such analysis. Certain terms, by common agreement, exemplify sophisticated, modern, knowledgeable usage. Other expressions fall in the category of crude, obsolete, and uninformed language. Moreover, U and non-U distinctions may be applied to individuals, institutions, publications, and orientations. Indeed, it is the premise of this short paper that political scientists can establish their status in the profession by locating themselves with reference to a variety of U and non-U designations. It is hoped that the following U and non-U distinctions will assist in such efforts. An ear attuned to professional language can readily identify U and non-U terminology. Currently, behavior and methodology are entrenched in U vocabulary. Symbol is U; word is non-U. Variable, role, and interaction are U. So are model, especially equilibrium model, matrix, and cell (cells in a matrix is exceedingly U). Empirical is U, as in empirically oriented, whereas value is nonU, as in value oriented. Scale and scaling are U. System is U; government is non-U. Politics is non-U unless preceded by comparative or systematic, whereupon it becomes very U. Quantitative is U, against qualitative non-U. Influence is U; power is non-U. Process is as U as it can be. Group is non-U unless preceded by reference, small, or interest, in which case it is U. Only non-U persons refer to pressure groups. U articles feature correlations. Mathematics and statistics are U; philosophy,


The effect of glycosylation on Kv1.1 potassium channel function was investigated in mammalian cells stably transfected with Kv1.1 or Kv1.1N207Q. Macroscopic current analysis showed that both channels were expressed but Kv1.1N207Q, which was not glycosylated, displayed functional differences compared with wild‐type, including slowed activation kinetics, a positively shifted V1/2, a shallower slope for the conductance versus voltage relationship, slowed C‐type inactivation kinetics, and a reduced extent of and recovery from C‐type inactivation. Kv1.1N207Q activation properties were also less sensitive to divalent cations compared with those of Kv1.1. These effects were largely due to the lack of trans‐Golgi added sugars, such as galactose and sialic acid, to the N207 carbohydrate tree. No apparent change in ionic current deactivation kinetics was detected in Kv1.1N207Q compared with wild‐type. Our data, coupled with modelling, suggested that removal of the N207 carbohydrate tree had two major effects. The first effect slowed the concerted channel transition from the last closed state to the open state without changing the voltage dependence of its kinetics. This effect contributed to the G‐V curve depolarization shift and together with the lower sensitivity to divalent cations suggested that the carbohydrate tree and its negatively charged sialic acids affected the negative surface charge density on the channel's extracellular face that was sensed by the activation gating machinery. The second effect reduced a cooperativity factor that slowed the transition from the open state to the closed state without changing its voltage dependence. This effect accounted for the shallower G‐V slope, and contributed to the depolarized G‐V shift, and together with the inactivation changes it suggested that the carbohydrate tree also affected channel conformations. Thus N‐glycosylation, and particularly terminal sialylation, affected Kv1.1 gating properties both by altering the surface potential sensed by the channel's activation gating machinery and by modifying conformational changes regulating cooperative subunit interactions during activation and inactivation. Differences in glycosylation pattern among closely related channels may contribute to their functional differences and affect their physiological roles.


The method for interactive program and the interface is provided. This method takes the first and the image of the second page of the book object, the first and second pages are bound along a fold axis defined along the spine of the book, captures an image, the to identify a second tag on the first tag and the second pages on 1 page, analyzing the captured image, by tracking the first and second tags, each of the first and and tracking movement of a second page, the captured image, by replacing the virtual book to book object, and generates an extended image. .FIELD 6A


The potential effect of population outbreaks on within and between genetic variation of populations in pest species has rarely been assessed. In this study, we compare patterns of genetic variation in different sets of historically frequently outbreaking and rarely outbreaking populations of an agricultural pest of major importance, the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. We analyse genetic variation within and between 24 populations at 14 microsatellites in Western Europe, where only ancient and low‐intensity outbreaks have been reported (non‐outbreaking populations), and in Madagascar and Northern China, where frequent and intense outbreak events have been recorded over the last century (outbreaking populations). Our comparative survey shows that (i) the long‐term effective population size is similar in outbreaking and non‐outbreaking populations, as evidenced by similar estimates of genetic diversity, and (ii) gene flow is substantially larger among outbreaking populations than among non‐outbreaking populations, as evidenced by a fourfold to 30‐fold difference in FST values. We discuss the implications for population dynamics and the consequences for management strategies of the observed patterns of genetic variation in L. migratoria populations with contrasting historical outbreak frequency and extent.


Inclination is closely related with artistic creation, as a writer's creative passion and inspiration as well as his pursuit of artistic aestheticism always come from his inclination.Causes of Haizi's pastoral poem inclination include subjective internal factors and objective external ones.The original conception of his pastoral poems arises from both the subjective individual unconsciousness and collective unconsciousness and subjective external factors of shock of commodity economy and the crowdedness of the living environment of the city.


PurposeThis paper aims to analyze high-quality papers on the research of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) for product and service quality improvement from 2009 to 2022, in order to fully understand their historical progress, current situation and future development trend.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis paper adopts the bibliometrics method to analyze the relevant literature, including publishing trend and citation status, regional and discipline area distribution, and influential publications. Secondly, the VOSviewer is used for literature co-citation analysis and keyword co-occurrence analysis to obtain the basic literature and research hotspots in this research field.FindingsFirstly, the study finds that the number of publications basically shows an increasing trend, and those publications are mainly published in tourism journals. In addition, among these papers, China has the largest number of publications, followed by the USA and South Korea. Through co-citation analysis of literature and keyword co-occurrence analysis, 22 foundational papers and six main research topics are obtained in this paper. Finally, this paper elaborates on the development trend of the research topic and future research directions in detail.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that uses bibliometrics to analyze and review relevant researches on eWOM for product and service quality improvement, which is helpful for researchers to quickly understand its development status and trend. This review also provides some future research directions and provides a reference for further research.


The quality of construction is essential to whole project.In order to ensure the quality of construction,effective measures to management and technology must be taken in the whole process of construction designing,tendering,building,checking and accepting,etc.


This paper demonstrates how smaller wage differentials in the developed world are welfare-enhancing by providing implicit insurance on human capital, while larger wage differentials in underdeveloped countries exacerbate the problem of underinvestment in human capital. These results arise in a general equilibrium model when there are no markets to insure against different educational outcomes.


In this letter we report the growth of high‐quality gallium arsenide using trimethylgallium and diethylarsine. The epitaxial layers had excellent morphology, an n‐type background free‐carrier concentration as low as 3×1014 cm−3 and a liquid nitrogen temperature mobility as high as 64 600 cm2/V s. The low‐temperature (2 K) photoluminescence spectrum has well‐resolved excitonic peaks, confirming the high quality of the material.


H.264 video coding standard adopts new encoding schemes.The compression efficiency of H.264 encoder is improved by more than 50 % than the previous standard.At the same time,these schemes incur a considerable increase in encoder complexity and encoding time.A multi-directional cross motion estimation search algorithm is described.The search speed of motion estimation is im-proved notably;the complexity of encoder is reduced and encoding time is saved with minimal loss in video quality.


Almond, Brenda. Exploring Philosophy. Blackwell. 1994. Pp. vii and 238. £9.99 pb or $19.95. Atherton, Margaret. Women Philosophers of the Early Modern Period. Hackett Publishing Co. Inc. 1994. Pp. x and 176. £24.95 hb, £5.95 pb. Attfield, Robin and Belsey, Andrew (Eds) Philosophy and the Natural Environment. Cambridge University Press. 1994. Pp. vi and 250. £13.95 pb or $19.95. Ball, Terence. Reappraising Political Theory. Oxford University Press. 1994. Pp. x and 310. £35 hb, £12.95 pb. Barwick, Daniel. Intentional Implications. University Press of America. 1994. Pp. 156. $44.50 hb, $25.50 pb. Baudrillard, Jean. (Translated by Chris Turner). The Illusion of the End. Polity Press. 1994. Pp. viii and 123. £35 hb, £10.95 pb. Bell, Daniel. Communitarianism and Its Critics. Clarendon Press. 1994. Pp. 256. £12.95 pb. Benani, Amin et al. Poetry and Mysticism in Islam. Cambridge University Press. 1994. Pp. ix and 204. £40. Bertram, C. and Chitty, A. (Eds) Has History Ended?: Fukuyama, Marx, Modernity. Avebury. 1994. Pp. vii and 180. £35 hb. Bilgrami, Akeel. Belief and Meaning. Blackwell. 1994. Pp. ix and 301. £15.99 pb, or $21.95. Blackburn, Simon. The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford University Press. 1994. Pp. vii and 408. £19.99 hb. Boonan-Vail, David. Thomas Hobbes and the Science of Moral Virtue. Cambridge University Press. 1994. Pp. xi and 219. £35 hb, or $49.95. Brill, Susan B. Wittgenstein and Critical Theory: Beyond Postmodernism and Toward Descriptive Investigations. Ohio University Press. 1994. Pp. xi and 168. pb. Burke, Tom. Dewey's New Logic—A Reply to Russell. University of Chicago Press. 1994. Pp. xii and 288. £25.50 or $36.75. Burke, Carolyn, Schor, Naomi and Whitford, Margaret (Eds) Engaging with Irigaray. Feminist Philosophy and Modern European Thought. Columbia University Press. 1994. Pp. vii and 428. £12.50 pb, or $18. Calvet, Louis-Jean. Roland Barthes. Blackwell. 1994. Pp. xiv and 291. £25 hb. Carl, Wolfgang. Frege's Theory of Sense and Reference: Its Origins and Scope. Cambridge University Press. 1995. Pp. viii and 220. £32.50 hb, £11.95 pb or $49.95, $17.95. Cheetham, Mark A. The Rhetoric of Purity. Essentialist Theory and the Advent of Abstract Painting. Cambridge University Press. 1994. Pp. xx and 194. £11.95 pb or $17.95. Cladis, Mark S. A Communitarian Defense of Liberalism. Cambridge University Press. 1994. Pp. viii and 340. £11.95 pb.


The present invention relates to a variant of lactic acid bacteria, resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin, and relates to variants to enhance the texture is found while retaining the other growth characteristics of the grown in milk parent. The present invention further culture comprising such variants, and to dairy products fermented with the ampicillin resistance lactobacilli.


Compressed sensing permits sub-Nyquist sampling, breaking the bottleneck of traditional Nyquist theory. The random pulse-position-modulation analog-to-digital converter (PPM ADC) is a sub-sampling structure, employing compressed sensing theory. To reconstruct signal in PPM ADC, period random sampling reconstruction (PRSreco) algorithm is firstly used, but it requires signal's prior sparsity information. Iterative support detection (ISD) algorithm recovers signal with no need of sparsity, thus we apply it to PPM ADC. To obtain a more accurate recovery especially when sub-sampling ratios are low, we propose an improved-ISD algorithm in this paper. Based on ISD, we add a SupportCorrection module and a denoising module. The former is implemented to choose more appropriate frequency support and the latter is carried out to eliminate the burr of frequency coefficients. Simulation results demonstrate that improved-ISD increases the recovery robustness at low sub-sampling ratios and augments mean output SNR.


A novel hybrid evolutionary multi-objective algorithms (EMOAs) adaptive local search method was applied to multi-objective aerodynamic optimization problems for convergence improvement. The directional operator is comprised of selection of search direction and a one-dimensional search. Probability of the directional operator is adaptively changed based on the relative effectiveness of the directional local search operator and evolutionary operators such as crossover and mutation. The adaptive directional operator is combined with a baseline EMOA, NSGA-II. Multi-objective airfoil design optimization examples are defined as drag minimization or lift maximization and L/D maximization in cruise and high lift conditions. Results show that the present adaptive local search strategy enables significant enhancement of convergence when a local search is effective, while minimizing unnecessary computation for cases that a local search is not well suited for. Statistical test confirms the superiority of the hybrid method.


A patient in the sixth decade of life presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with an apparent suicide attempt as well as with abdominal pain. The patient appeared to be inebriated. The prehospital emergency medicine service (EMS) providers suggested that the presentation may have been due to diabetic ketoacidosis. A chest x-ray finding showed possible pneumoperitoneum, but was read by radiology has having been seen on a chest x-ray from a year prior. Repeat physical examination continued to show abdominal tenderness, leading to a CT scan of the abdomen that demonstrated a large pneumo-peritoneum with a mild ileus and chronic surgical findings. The patient was transferred to a tertiary level of care for exploratory laparotomy after broad spectrum antibiotics and additional pain medication given. A bowel perforation was identified and was repaired. He had an uncomplicated clinical course and was discharged from the hospital 8 days later. The critical thinking skill of iterative reconsideration of a diagnosis along with iterative testing can avoid the pitfalls that can attend to such biases of cognition as anchoring and premature closure of thinking.


The present invention is a keratin fibers, in particular human as spare compositions like hair dyeing keratin fibers, the composition contains at least one suitably selected cationic direct dye in a suitable dyeing medium, at least one kind of nitrogen-containing benzene direct dyes, and dyeing process using this composition.


Electrode arrays are commonly used to study spatial patterns during ventricular fibrillation (VF) where the choice of spacing between electrodes is an important decision. The Nyquist criterion states that an electrode spacing smaller than half the smallest significant wavelength is required to avoid spatial aliasing. The authors select a minimum interelectrode spacing on the basis of band-limited wavenumber power spectra of high-resolution VF data. Data were simultaneously recorded from a square 11*11 array of unipolar electrodes spaced 0.28 mm part. 140 Wavenumber spectra were calculated using the zero delay wavenumber spectrum method. Insignificant power was associated with almost all wavelengths shorter than 2.8 mm, suggesting that, for unipolar electrodes, spacing of 1 mm is adequate to study early VF.<<ETX>>


The term, customer service, covers all aspects of the transaction between the supplier and the customer, and includes elements of all major functional areas of a company. Customer service is detailed and customer priorities are identified with regard to seven types of retail outlets. It is concluded that the design of the best customer service package, whether for a particular market sector, country or product, deserves as much care as the marketing of the product itself.


Rilke's poetry issues a critique of modern alienation from the natural world and is held in philosophical and ecocritical interpretations to effect an alternative revealing of nature. This essay investigates nature in Rilke's writings by tracing its relation to poetic imagination and considers in that light the prospects of a Rilkean vision of nature for literary ecocriticism. Nature in Rilke's work, it is argued, does not appear primarily as a prelinguistic given to be salvaged, but must be both retrieved and constituted through a productive imaginative consciousness, a prospect lyrically thematized in The Sonnets to Orpheus. The play between revelation of nature and its imaginative generation underlies the ecological import of Rilke's poetry, despite the risk it poses to the idea of privileged poetical access to nature itself and its celebration in both phenomenological accounts of poetic revealing and traditional literary ecocriticism.


RF filters for wireless applications must achieve stringent EMI specification while meeting tight cost constraints. This paper proposes the design of microstrip based RF filter printed on low cost FR4 material with EBG ground plane structure. The full wave Method of Moments based IE3D simulator is used for the design. The characteristics of the filter are determined in terms of S-parameters which depicts improved insertion loss characteristics when printed on EBG ground plane structure.


The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence celebrity endorsement, brand image, and testimonials have on consumer buying interest in Lemonilo instant noodle products on social media Instagram. The method used in this research is by distributing online questionnaires. The sample of this study is 62 respondents, namely people who have consumed Lemonilo instant noodles, following at least one celebrity endorsement on Instagram and knowing the Lemonilo instant noodle brand. The results showed that the brand image variable had a significant positive effect on consumer buying interest on Instagram social media, while the celebrity endorsement and testimony variables had a positive effect on consumer purchase interest on Instagram social media. These results indicate that people are more concerned with brands when buying noodles for consumption.


The interactions of a moving shock wave with fluid interface lead to complex flow phenomena, including shock reflection and refraction, interface evolution, and even turbulent mixing at its late stage. These phenomena are of great significance in nature and engineering applications. When an incident shock wave sweeps over the interface, the interface morphology varies, making the interface perturbations grow from linear to nonlinear stages due to the baroclinic and pressure disturbance mechanisms. When a reshock wave passes the already distorted interface, the generation and transportation of vorticity will change the original developing mode of interface instability, resulting in different physical phenomena and developing rules. As the generation and control of the reshock waves are more complicated than those of the single shock scenarios, it is a great challenge to investigate the reshock-induced interface instabilities. In this article, progresses of experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies on the interface instability and turbulent mixing under reshock are reviewed. The effects of initial conditions, such as interface shape, shock strength, and reflection distance, on the reshock-induced interface instability are discussed in both planar and converging shock scenarios. The future research priorities and directions are finally proposed.


This study estimates fertility levels and nuptiality patterns among peasants in nineteenth-century Japan and assesses the relationships of those levels and patterns to household organization and regional economic development. Despite of the much recent work in the field of historical demography in Japan, some gaps remain. The author puts together the results obtained from a large cross-sectional data set by applying the own-children method of fertility estimation with those derived from longitudinal and village-based data sets by other methods to examine the possibility of linking household organization and population dynamics on the eve of Japanese industrialization. The results of this study offer several insights to fill the gaps in our understanding of historical demography in Japan; they also bear on the role of the household on reproduction in general.


Some key developments over the last ten years in the cataloging of art library materials are surveyed. They are grouped into short essays, wherein the author looks for their broader implications. Details are omitted, but extensive footnotes will aid the reader who wants to track them down. The citations emphasise particularly ARLIS/NA's role in the decade's activities.


1. Xi Jinping ' s conception of " true maritime power " is intertwined with a set of complex issues: internal factors concerning the legitimacy of Xi ' s regime and external factors such as territorial disputes in the East China Sea and the South China Sea (ESCSs) which concern sovereignty. The nations of the region must consider the implicationsofChina ' sapproachanditsimpactontheregion:Isitpossibletoin fl uence China by standing together? back up away international and toward historical prece-dence; and demonstrating China ' s ostensible goodwill through participation in international forums and multilateral exercises in the region.


DNA of Rosa multiflora was extracted from the late-winter buds and the early-summer leaves.The optimized reaction system and programe of RAPD for Rosa multiflora were as follows.The reactions were performed in a volume of 20 L,which containing 25ngDNA,2.0mmol/LMgCl2,0.2mmol/LdNTPs,1UTaq DNA polymerase,0.1 mol/L primer.The malcycling was programmed by 1 cycle for 5min at 94℃,followed by 37 cycles for 45sec at 94℃,1min at 37℃,and 1min at 72℃ and finally,by 1 cycle for 5min at 72℃,storing at 4℃.


"Our sensor design unites simplicity, robustness, and efficiency. Using metamaterials, we can omit one of the main cost drivers in NDIR gas sensors, the dielectric filter, and simultaneously reduce the size and energy consumption of the device," said Alexander Lochbaum from the Institute of Electromagnetic Fields of ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and lead author on the paper. "This makes the sensors viable for high-volume, low-cost markets such as automotive and consumer electronics."


IN THE course of recent American politics, few confrontations have been more lively and more prolonged than that which was waged between the pharmaceutical industry and the Senate Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly (The Kefauver Committee).1 In December, 1959, the committee opened hearings on the industry, and 11,000 pages later, testimony was still being recorded. Now that the record has been closed and the dust from the contest has been allowed time to settle, it is useful to consider some of the questions raised in the proceedings. This paper reviews the evidence on drug research. I


The purpose of this review is to analyze the current relationship between communication and nonprofit studies, and to demonstrate how the field of communication can make a significant contribution to nonprofit scholarship by offering a unique way to analyze and explain nonprofit phenomena. To accomplish this we begin with a brief review of communication research in the nonprofit literature to see how scholars in this interdisciplinary field understand communication. Next we review key developments in the history of communication as an academic discipline in order to situate contemporary perspectives toward our field. We then explain how communication scholars have progressed from our intellectual origins. Our subsequent review of communication scholarship in and of the nonprofit sector highlights this evolution toward a more complex and nuanced approach to communication. From there we develop a distinct "communication perspective" toward the nonprofit sector based on a constitutive view of communication—a key meta-theoretical framework currently influencing the field of communication. Our primary contribution is thus to explain the implications of a constitutive approach to communication and how such an understanding can advance nonprofit—communication scholarship, as well as provide a meta-theoretical framework to further galvanize all scholars interested in this kind of work.


The aim of this project was to investigate how games can be designed for training purposes
at Ericsson Packet Core. A set of 37 guidelines, three game concepts and a prototype were
created to investigate how games could be used and implemented. The project was carried out
in an iterative manner and feedback was received throughout the project. The guidelines are
based on an extensive research study performed in the beginning of the project. To test and
evaluate the guidelines, game concepts were created. The guidelines and game concepts were
developed in parallel during four iterations. A prototype was developed for one of the games
to get hands-on experience and to perform tests with learners from the target group.
The guidelines, the game concepts and the prototype have been developed and tested in close
collaboration with Ericsson Packet Core and Ericsson Global Services. Even though they are
still in the early stages of development, they could be used for further development of internal
training games at Ericsson.


The problem of the General and the Particular seems to be the pure philosophical one. The Notion or Idea seems to be the privileged and self-sufficient subject of reflection. The article outlines the possibility to place these problems simultaneously in aesthetical and social-anthropological perspectives thus revealing something like the genealogy or background of the metaphysical preoccupation with the Unity and Multiplicity.


A new construction combining low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes with multilevel coding/modulation is suggested and analyzed. For the case of QPSK and transmission over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, it is demonstrated that it performs better than an LDPC convolutional code with conventional Gray mapping.


This paper proposes a method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) for reshaping a temporal Gaussian waveform into a temporal high-intensity step waveform. The theoretical analysis showed that the reshaped temporal waveform depended on the phonon lifetime, the Brillouin gain coefficient, the interaction length between the Stokes and the pump pulse, and the pump energy. It further showed the dynamic evolution of the reshaped temporal waveform with these four parameters. By optimizing these parameters, a temporal step waveform with an intensity of 36.92 MW/cm2 was obtained in the experiment.


In this paper we introduce the use of microscopic measurement data to calibrate driving behavior in microscopic simulation models. Based on data gathered from remote sensing and equipped vehicle data, a dynamic decision network has been designed to determine drivers' action to certain situations. Since this kind of pattern matching leads to a deterministic driving behavior, which cannot be assumed for reality, a noise is added to the perception of the individual driver which reflects human behavior in misjudging distances and speeds during the driving task


We thank Professor Christopher CM Kyba for his interest in our article. He proposed to use the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) over the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) data, which were used in our study (Koo et al., 2016), because of its low spatial resolution, low radiometric resolution, a saturation effect in bright regions and lack of on-board calibration. We appreciate the comment from Professor Christopher CM Kyba for reminding other readers of a next-generation low-light sensor, the DNB, with better profiles in various aspects. Although we were aware of the availability of the VIIRS DNB data at the time of submission, the Somi-NPP satellite was launched in October 28, 2011. Therefore, the data could not be applied to our study which contains the Korea Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data from 2001 to 2003. Although we reported 30 arc-seconds as the spatial resolution like other various previous literatures (Ma et al., 2012; Rybnikova et al., 2015), we regret not being clear about the spatial resolution in the article. The horizontal spatial resolution of the DMSP data is 5 km × 5 km at nadir. For the same data, the horizontal sampling interval is 2.8 km when using smooth mode or 0.56 km with fine mode (Miller et al., 2013). Most of the disadvantages pointed out by Professor Christopher CM Kyba are true; however, we cannot agree with the statement "the DMSP was not designed for scientific work, so its data cannot be considered equivalent to those from newly available instruments." The mission of DMSP was known as "to provide globally recorded visual and infrared cloud cover and other specialized environmental data to the Air Force Global Weather Central," "to provide real time direct readout of local area environmental data to mobile receiving terminals at key locations throughout the world" and "to continue the advancement of environmental satellite technology to meet Department of Defense requirements" (Dickinson et al., 1974). Considering these missions, the purpose of DMSP was to provide a useful tool to study meteorology, which is a branch of science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomena. Contrary to Professor Christopher CM Kyba's statement, the DMSP was designed for scientific work. Despite the disadvantages, use of the DMSP data before 2012 should not be discredited only because it is not obtained using the newest technology. If old data can give us some novel and clinically important findings, the results should be reported, encouraging other researchers to do further studies (Resche-Rigon et al., 2014). Furthermore, the VIIRS DNB data should not be used "in the case of retrospective studies performed before the satellites were launched" if outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) has changed substantially during the period between the time at which the retrospective data were obtained and the earliest time at which the VIIRS DNB data can be downloaded. For example, outdoor ALAN increased in both area and


This paper develops and examines an optimization algorithm for simulation‐based tuning of controller parameters. The proposed algorithm globalizes the Guin augmented variant of Nelder–Mead's nonlinear downhill simplex by deterministic restarts, linearly growing memory vector, and moving initial simplex. First, the effectiveness of the algorithm is tested using 10 complex and multimodal optimization benchmarks. The algorithm achieves global minima of all benchmarks and compares favorably against the evolutionary, swarm, and other globalized local‐search multimodal optimization algorithms in probability of finding global minimum and numerical cost. Next, the proposed algorithm is applied for tuning sliding mode controller parameters for a servo pneumatic position control application. The experimental results reveal that the system with sliding mode controller parameters tuned using the proposed algorithm targeting smooth position control with maximum possible accuracy, performs as desired and eliminates the need of manual online tuning for desired performance. The results are also compared with the performance of the same servo pneumatic system with parameters tuned using manual online tuning in an earlier published work. The system with controller parameters tuned using the proposed algorithm shows improvement in accuracy by 28.9% in sinusoidal and 42.2% in multiple step polynomials tracking.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style on employee performance, work discipline on employee performance, work motivation on employee performance, and the influence of leadership style, work motivation, work discipline simultaneously on the performance of BPBD employees at Empat Lawang Regency. This research method is associative and data collection by observation, interviews and questionnaires. The population in this study were 38 employees, the data analysis method was "validation test, reliability test, classical assumption test, normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, multiple regression analysis, f-test, and t-test, and hypothesis testing. "The results showed multiple linear regression of Y=.335(x1)=.324(x2)+.497(X3)+e, where the constant value (a)=.410 . While the -F test (simultaneous) where the significant value is 0.000 <0.05, which means that leadership style, work discipline, work motivation have a positive and significant effect on the performance of BPBD employees in Empat Lawang Regency. In the (partial) t-test of the leadership style variable (X1), t count (3.088) > (3.001954) means that it has an effect on employee performance variables, a significant level of 0.004 < 0.005 indicates leadership style has a positive and significant effect on performance, and work discipline (X2) partially t count (3.559) > (3.001954) and a significant level of 0.001 < 0.005 indicating that the work discipline variable has a positive and significant effect on the performance variable. While work motivation (X3) (6,343) > (3.001954) and significant 0.000 > 0.005 which means that the variable of work motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance. It can be concluded that leadership style (x1) work discipline (x2) and work motivation (X3) simultaneously and partially have a positive and significant effect on the performance (Y) of BPBD employees in Empat Lawang Regency.
Keywords: Leadership Style, Discipline, Work Motivation and Performance


This paper address the problem of detecting visual objects in images which is a fundamental problem in computer vision. We proposed a method based on matching a sample of object with all sub-windows in the testing images to solve this problem instead of training a classifier to determine the location of visual objects. Local histogram of gradient(LHOG) feature are extracted from the sample image and testing images respectively to describe patterns in the images. Integral image technique are employed to accelerate the process of calculating LHOG feature. Then, we apply PCA to reduce the dimensionality of LHOG feature. Distance between sample image and sub-windows are measured by using cosine angle. Adaptive strategy is used to distinguish the object sub-window from non-object sub-window.


Circular and return migration are the globally endorsed preferred models for health workforce mobility. Australia is the sole country to date to record emigration as well as immigration flows, including data permitting analysis of migration dynamics and scale in specific vocational fields. Within this context, the prevalence and health workforce impacts of circular and return migration remain largely unknown. This will continue to be the case until more comprehensive migration data capture systems have been introduced, recording immigration, emigration and re-entry data for health professionals in both sending and receiving countries.


This research aims to 1. To study the problems and needs. Management of participatory academic affairs of basic education institutions. 2. To develop the participatory academic administration model of basic education institution. 3. To evaluate the appropriateness of the project. possibility The model of participatory academic management of basic education institutions. Under the Office of Phichit Provincial Primary Education Area 2 and 4. Policy Recommendations, Guidelines for Using the Participatory Academic Management Model of Basic Education Institutions. Under the Jurisdiction of the Office of Phichit Primary Education Area 2 The sample consisted of 85 schools. The informants were school directors or school vice directors. Or a replacement. And teachers The research instruments were structured questionnaire. Document Analyzer And evaluation form Data analysis includes content analysis. Synthesis of elements Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation And assess the criteria. The research findings were as follows: 1. The problems and needs of participatory academic management of basic education institutions. Under the jurisdiction of the Office of Phichit Primary Education Area 2, the overall condition was low. The problem in general is very problematic. 2. The development of participatory academic management model of basic education institutions. Under the jurisdiction of the Office of Phichit Educational Service Area 2, the development consists of 4 components, 4 components, 17 components and 70 measures. And the possibilities. It was found that all sides were at a high level. And the results of the evaluation. It is very appropriate. Possibility Very high And the benefits. At every level.


The Walidia area knows a great development of agricultural, industrial, maritime activities and a very great demographic expansion. This development is accompanied by a growing demand for water. On the other hand, any intense abstraction of fresh water at a coastal aquifer capture field causes a decrease in groundwater flow and a lowering of the piezometric surface. There is therefore a danger of advancing towards the land of the saltwater bevel and salinization of groundwater which is gradually loaded into mineral salts and can reach abnormally high levels. This work deals with the application of geophysics by electrical sounding method to the in-depth study of the freshwater-salt water interface (salted bevel) on the one hand and the study of the lateral and vertical evolution of the geometry of the different aquifers.The principle of the method is, when performing an electrical survey, to research how varies, at a given point on the surface, the resistivity of the subsoil vertically. For this one executes in a same place a succession of measurements, increasing each time the dimensions of the device and thus the depth of investigation which is proportional to them. At this site, we explore a slice of ground increasingly thick and thus highlights the changes in geological constitution along the vertical.The electrical soundings were carried out with the classic Schlumberger device.The interpretation and the exploitation of the data of the electric soundings carried out made it possible to : Follow the evolution of the salted bevel roof, Draw the upstream limit (marine invasion) of salted bevel Hauterivian, on the one hand, and Valanginian and Jurassic on the other hand, Follow the roof structure of Dridrat limestone (Hauterivien) and limestones of Valanginien and Upper Jurassic, Draw the map of the marl roof of Safi (Hauterivian) constituting the impermeable substratum of Dridrat limestones.


Drawing on industrial relations and organizational science concepts, in this article we apply elements of contingency theory to national unions' representative and administrative structures. We arg...


A cigarette case (100) of an electronic cigarette comprises a case body (1). A first printed circuit board (5) is accommodated in the case body (1). An LED lamp (53) used for displaying electric quantity and a button switch (54) for controlling the LED lamp (53) are disposed on the first printed circuit board (5). Two or more through holes (19) are disposed in a sidewall of the case body (1). The cigarette case (100) also comprises an LED light guide member (9). The LED light guide member (9) comprises a substrate (91). One side of the substrate (91) outwards extends and is provided with a light guide rod (92) and a button (93) corresponding to the through holes (19). The light guide rod (92) is corresponding to the LED lamp (53), and the button (93) is corresponding to the button switch (54). The LED light guide member is simple in structure and easy to be mounted.


Verification and Prediction of Solubilities of Active (Pharmaceutical) Ingredients In Solvents and Solvent Mixtures (2011 Annual Meeting) http://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2011/webprogram/Paper221390.html[28-10-2011 15:29:38] Start | Grid View | Browse by Day OR Group/Topical | Author Index | Keyword Index | Personal Scheduler Verification and Prediction of Solubilities of Active (Pharmaceutical) Ingredients In Solvents and Solvent Mixtures Wednesday, October 19, 2011: 3:15 PM 101 I (Minneapolis Convention Center) Sascha Sansonetti1, Elisa Conte1, Azizul A. Mustafa1, Peter A. Crafts2 and Rafiqul Gani1, (1)CAPEC, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Denmark Technical University (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, (2)Process R&D, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Cheshire, United Kingdom Solubilities of Active (Pharmaceutical) Ingredients (APIs or AIs – API is used below to represent both) are most likely one of the major concerns in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food and related industries because of the large use of solvents and antisolvents in API-based production processes (solubilization, crystallization, etc.). A deep knowledge of the phenomena related to the systems API-solvent, API-solvent mixtures or API-additives-solvent(s) blends is necessary. Besides, the ever increasing search for new product (drug) formulations requires the availability of tools to verify and/or predict the API solubilities in different solvent systems. Solids solubility in liquids is usually expressed, under certain assumptions, through the well-known Schroeder-van Laar equation (Prausnitz et al, 1999). Here, the functionality of the solid solubility from the system composition is taken into account through only the activity coefficient. In other words, in order to calculate the solubility of a solid in a solvent or liquid-mixture, with all the other parameters (enthalpy of fusion, melting temperature and temperature of the system) known, it is necessary to provide a correct and consistent value of the liquid phase activity coefficients. Therefore, a careful choice of the appropriate method to calculate these activity coefficients is extremely important. In addition, their temperature and composition dependence also needs to be correctly predicted. Several liquid phase activity coefficient models have been used to achieve this task, such as NRTL, UNIQUAC, UNIFAC, NRTLSAC, PC-SAFT and many more. These models are based on different principles and assumptions. In this work, three of them have been adopted, extended, and evaluated for API solubility. The UNIFAC (Fredenslund et al., 1977) is a group contribution-based model; the problem concerning this model is that often the group interaction parameters necessary to describe certain complex systems (such as API-solvents) are missing and the determination of these specific groups needs new experimental data. NRTLSAC (Chen and Song, 2001; Chen and Crafts, 2006) and PC-SAFT (Gross and Sadowski, 2001), even though based on different principles, are both models with a correlative character since both need experimental data for the determination of the respective parameters, that is the conceptual segments for NRTL-SAC (hydrophilic, hydrophobic and polars) and binary interaction parameters for the PC-SAFT. A common point in the case of molecules such as APIs, is that experimental data are needed to regress the model parameters but the measurement of these data is often time-consuming, expensive and may even be infeasible in some cases. A full predictive model-based approach would make the solubility calculation procedure independent of experimental data, at least in the early stages of product-process evaluation. That is, a purely predictive approach is necessary. In the proposed work a fully predictive model-based approach is developed based on the models UNIFAC, NRTL-SAC and PCSAFT in order to compute the solubility (API solubility) in solvent and solvent mixtures. A group contribution method, GC+, based on the Marrero and Gani (2001) approach, has been developed to predict the pure component properties and parameters needed by the activity coefficient models for use in solubility calculations. A procedure based on atom connectivity indices is used to predict the missing UNIFAC group-interaction parameters. In addition, GC+ models are developed for predicting the conceptual segments of the NRTL-SAC model (thus avoiding the need for experimental data by this method) and the PC-SAFT molecular parameters. The presentation will highlight the solid solubility modelling developments together with various examples of API solubilities in single solvents and solvent mixtures. It will highlight the correct prediction of composition dependence (in case of solvent mixtures) and temperature dependence in case of single solvents and blends. Also, the effect of API solubility with respect to the addition of lipids will be highlighted because of the interest in such formulations. References Abstract: Verification and Prediction of Solubilities of Active (Pharmaceutical) Ingredients In Solvents and Solvent Mixtures (2011 Annual Meeting) Verification and Prediction of Solubilities of Active (Pharmaceutical) Ingredients In Solvents and Solvent Mixtures (2011 Annual Meeting) http://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2011/webprogram/Paper221390.html[28-10-2011 15:29:38] Chen CC, Song Y, 2004. Solubility Modeling with a Nonrandom Two-Liquid Segment activity coefficient model. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43, 8354-8362. Chen CC, Crafts P, 2006. Correlation and prediction of drug molecule solubility in mixed solvent systems with the nonrandom twoliquid segment activity coefficient (NRTL-SAC) model. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45, 4816-4824. Marrero J, Gani R, 2001. Group contribution based estimation of pure component properties. Fluid Phase Equilibr. 183-184, 183208. Gross J, Sadowski G, 2001. Perturbed-Chain SAFT: an equation of state based on a perturbation theory for chain molecules. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40, 1244-1260. Prausnitz, JM, Lichtenthaler, RN, Azevedo, EG, 1999. Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria. Prentice-Hall PTR, New Jersey. Extended Abstract: File Not Uploaded See more of this Session: Thermophysical Properties and Phase Behavior III See more of this Group/Topical: Engineering Sciences and Fundamentals


The relation between general term and section sum of sequence of number is studied.Using difference method,several general term formulas and some section sum formulas for sequence of number is given.The algorithm is simple and has low computational complexity.The numeral examples show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


This research aims to compare metabolomic profiles of blood serum samples of healthy people to those who are addicted to crack using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR). 1 H NMR data shall be then treated using chemometric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) aiming to differentiate two groups of samples and enable identification of NMR spectral regions important for the metabolic differences. Further, biomarkers for crack dependence might be identified and thus improve clinical diagnosis and discovery of new pharmacological and therapeutic interventions in this drug dependence treatment.


Objective To evaluate the effect and side-reaction of flurbiprofen patch used in pain clinic. Methods 67 patients with different kind of pain diseases, including shoulder pain,low-back painmknee-joint pain, costochondritis and postherpetic neuralgia, were applied an adhesive patch, which contains flurbiprofen 20 mg, covered the most painful area and changed every 12 h. The skin should be clean and integral before the patch was used. Results 48 patients were effective with total effective rate 71.6%. 17 of 19 patients suffered knee-joint pain were effective with effective rate 89.5%. 16 of 24 patients suffered shoulder pain and 8 of 12 patients suffered back-leg pain were effective , the effective rates were both 66.7%.The effect was lower in costochondritis and postherpetic neuralgia patients, in which 7 of 12 patients were effective. No local or systemic adverse effects occurred in these patients during the theatment. Conclusion Topical application of flurbiprofen patch can alleviate pain commonly seen in pain clinic, and provides a new therapeutic approach.


Controlling the synthesis of noble metal nanostructures with highly branched morphology to obtain specific physical and chemical properties has attracted much attention. This paper reports the synthesis of 3D Pt nanodendrites with controlled architectures (multibranched) by a simple one-pot hydrothermal reaction in the presence of fructose. At high reaction temperature, fructose not only acts as a reducing agent, but also forms a hydrothermal carbon, which, as a capping agent, is absorbed on the surface of metal nanocrystals and induces the anisotropic growth of Pt nanodendrites. The prepared Pt nanodendrites are highly porous, and have self-supported nanoarchitectures with a high surface area and a number of absorption sites for reactant molecules. The Pt nanodendrites exhibit a higher electrocatalytic activity and stability than commercial Pt/C for methanol oxidation reaction.


Do bilinguals use the same logical representations in processing both languages they know if the languages they know diverge on the preferred interpretation of a scopally ambiguous sentence? We investigated this question by studying effects of cross-linguistic influence and priming in the comprehension of scopally ambiguous all...not sentences. In this investigation, we focused on Estonian-English bilinguals, because these sentences are interpreted differently in English compared to Estonian.Across four sentence-picture matching experiments, we firstly observed that bilingual logical representations can be primed within languages (both from L1-to-L1 and from L2-to-L2) and between languages (both from L1-to-L2 and from L2-to-L1). This finding indicates that bilinguals make use of shared logical representations in processing the languages they know, and that logical representations do not specify language-specific biases in the assignment of scope. Secondly, we observed that bilinguals experience bidirectional cross-linguistic influence in the construction of logical representations. This finding suggests that bilingual representations of implicit knowledge about scopal preferences is integrated between the languages they know.


The excessive expansion of local financing platform as a substantive medium for local government borrowing has aggravated local government financial risks, which may induce systemic financial risks. Based on the current debt situation of the central and provincial governments, this paper uses different measurement models to calculate debt balance and default risks of the financing platforms. The results show that nearly one-third of the provinces may have potential financial risks, therefore the central government and local governments should work together and keep four kinds of balances in order to prevent and defuse risks.


Renal infarction (RI) is rare, the causes of which are most frequently related to embolic heart disease, renal artery fibrodysplasia or trauma. We are presenting a case in which the patient had partial RI without any obvious cause. A 48-year-old African American male presented with left-sided abdominal pain and left flank pain. The pain was of sudden onset, sharp, and radiating to the back. The patient had a history of hypertension (HTN) and was not on any medication. A chest X-ray was unremarkable. Urine analysis was normal. A CT scan of the abdomen with contrast showed an abnormality in the interpolar left kidney on the posterolateral aspect with a relatively well-demarcated area of reduced enhancement. Urine and blood cultures revealed no pathological growth. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiogram of kidney, renal arteries and renal veins was performed, and showed a large, nonenhancing wedge-shaped defect within the lateral mid-pole of the left kidney, but there was no renal artery stenosis or occlusion. Treatment with coumadin was initiated. The patient symptomatically improved; low molecular weight heparin was discontinued once the international normalized ratio (INR) was in the therapeutic range and the patient was discharged home on coumadin. In this unusual case, there was no cause found for the renal infarct detected on contrast enhanced CT scan. This warrants clinicians to include RI as differential diagnosis in patients presenting with flank pain. This also demonstrates the importance of contrast guided CT scanning in the diagnosis of RI, as well as the significance of MR angiogram of the renal arteries in detecting the etiology. INTRODUCTION Renal infarction (RI) remains underdiagnosed, despite clinician awareness of typical signs and symptoms that characterize this condition that occurs most commonly in patients with a history of cardiac disease and is often mistaken for renal colic [1]. Renal infarction is usually the consequence of renal blood vessel occlusion resulting in the formation of a coagulated, necrotic area in one or both kidneys. The size and location of the infarct depend on the site of vascular occlusion. RI most often affects the renal cortex, but it can extend into the medulla. Residual renal function following infarction depends on the extent of the damage. The most common cause of RI is renal artery embolism secondary to mitral stenosis. However, etiological factors associated with RI may include the following: thromboembolism, thrombus in the left side of the heart or aorta, aneurysm of the aorta or renal artery, atherosclerosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis (septic emboli), transcatheter embolization and other endovascular procedures, dissection of the aorta or renal artery, vasculitis, polyarthritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), drug-induced vasculitis, trauma, avulsion of the renal artery, occlusion of the renal artery, penetrating vascular injury, paraneoplastic syndrome, hypercoagulable state, and acute venous occlusion [2]. Other, cardiac, causes include infective endocarditis, atrial fibrillation, microthrombi in the left ventricle, rheumatic valvular disease, or recent myocardial infarction [3]. RI may also be caused by atherosclerosis with or without thrombus formation, thrombus from flank trauma, sickle cell anemia, scleroderma, and arterionephrosclerosis [4]. Renal infarction as a result of cocaine exposure is rarely reported in the literature [5]. In some cases, the patient with RI may be asymptomatic. However, upper abdominal pain or gnawing flank pain and tenderness, costovertebral tenderness, along with fever, anorexia, nausea and vomiting clinically may be evident. Treatment may involve a low sodium diet, antihypertensives, intraarterial streptokinase (to lyse blood clots), and catheter embolectomy. In some cases, surgical repair may be required, and may sometimes lead to complete unilateral nephrectomy. We report an unusual case of RI without a clinically obvious cause and review its diagnosis and management. CASE REPORT A 48-year-old African American male came to the hospital with one-day history of abdominal pain and left flank pain. The pain was in the left lower part of the abdomen, and was described as sudden in onset,


Analyzed the requirement of distributed system in enterprise,and gave a solution based on the B/S model.By combining ASP realized three-tier computing architecture,improved the extensibility and reliability of system. It's a valuable reference for design of similar application.


Owing to financial and other constraints on natural resource management, comprehensive data on the physical processes that determine instream water quality are rare. Consequently, managers are looking to models as decisionmaking tools. One important application is to identify areas in greatest need of erosion management. There are many ways that suspended sediment loads can be assessed. The main constraints in the determination of loads are the data available and the scale at which this information can be applied. This study has used two models to estimate the suspended sediment load in a number of catchments in the mid-region of the Murrumbidgee River catchment. The load derived using an empirical estimation technique is compared to the load predicted from a semidistributed, lumped conceptual model (SedNet). Both these models can predict suspended sediment loads at a catchment scale with minimal data requirements compared to more complex physics-based models. Even so, it is important to recognise that these models predict loads at different time scales and include different assumptions, which can result in significant differences in the derived suspended sediment load. Nevertheless, managers rely on such models because of the reduction in available data to directly measure suspended sediment load and the increasing pressure for effective resource allocation. Hence, it is necessary to ensure consistency in the models used to assess water quality.


Some cohomology classes associated with an ideal in a Lie algebra, a Poisson structure on the basic functions algebra of contact structure, its Poisson cohomology and geometric (pre)quantization are considered from the algebraic point of view.


INDICATIONS FOR AMPUTATION Malignant disease was the indication for amputation in all cases except one, when the operation was performed for extensive persistent osteomyelitis (Table I). Amputation through the pelvic girdle was necessary in all cases because of the position of the lesion and because it offered the only reasonable hope of saving or prolonging life; in some cases there existed the need to relieve intolerable pain, or the limb had become a useless encumbrance; in some, local


In this paper, a cooperative device to device (D2D) communication system is studied while two transmitting devices communicate with one destination device in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. The second transmitting device cooperates with the first transmitting device and hence the transmission takes place is two phases. In the first phase, the first device transmits its signal to the second transmitting device. In the second phase, the second transmitting device transmits its own message along with the relaying signal from the first device simultaneously to the receiver. Our goal is to optimize this cooperation through maximizing the secrecy rate while the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination is guaranteed to be above certain predefined threshold. We show that this optimization problem yields to polynomial fractional programming and propose an efficient numerical algorithm by using Gloptiploy and SeDuMi software packages. Simulation results show that this optimum cooperation achieves superior secrecy rate compared with fixed or maximum cooperation methods.


RAS‐related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 (RAC1) is a Rho GTPase that modulates numerous cellular functions including transcriptional regulation and actin‐based structure turnover. Reported de novo RAC1 mutations are rare but generally manifest in developmental delay and brain malformations. In Rac1 knockout mice, a hairless phenotype has been observed, but little is known of other cutaneous phenotypes of RAC1 mutations. In this report, we describe the first known case of a RAC1 mutation with ichthyosiform changes.