Optimal mechanism design of regulating a risk-avoidable monopolist with principal-agent framework under the asymmetric information about cost is studied in this paper. We analyse the effect of risk avodeance to the optimal mechanism and qualify the impact of the avoidance level on pricing distortion. With a certain assumption, we conclude that the relationship between price level, quantity produced and cost parameter is same at both extreme levels of risk avoidance.


Background: Various adjuvants were added to intrathecal anesthetics to improve quality of the block and postoperative analgesia. Objective: The aim of the current work was to compare the efficacy of adding dexmedetomidine versus dexamethasone as adjuvants to intrathecal bupivacaine in emergency orthopedic lower limb surgery. Patients and Methods: This prospective comparative double blinded study included a total of 90 patients with lower limb trauma requiring surgery, attending at Mansoura University emergency Hospital. Cases were randomly divided into three groups; each consisted of 30 cases. Group A received dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine, Group B received dexamethasone as an adjuvant, and Group C received spinal bupivacaine plus 1 cm of normal saline. Sensory and motor blocks as well as post-operative VAS score in addition to need for analgesics were assessed. Results: Demographic data did not differ between the three study groups (p > 0.05). Group A showed a significantly earlier onset of sensory block (p =0.005), motor block (p = 0.009), as well as late regression to L1 sensory level (p <0.001). Additionally, longer analgesia (p < 0.05) and longer time before the first call for analgesics (p = 0.005) was associated with group A. However, complications encountered did not differ between the three study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that intrathecal dexmedetomidine is superior to both dexamethasone and bupivacaine alone regarding duration of analgesia and pain severity. Moreover, it has more rapid onset and longer duration of sensory blockade. No significant side effects were noted when compared to the remaining groups.


We present a library of synthetic spectra characterized by −2.5 ≤ [Z/Z ] ≤ +0.5, 4.5 ≤ log g ≤ 1.0, and Teff ≤ 7500 K computed at the same λ/4 λ = 20000 resolving power of the observed spectra given in Paper I for 131 standard stars mapping the MKK spectral classification system. This range of parameters includes the majority of the galactic stars expected to dominate the GAIA target population, i.e. F-G-K-M type stars with metallicity ranging from that of the galactic globular clusters to Population I objects. Extension to Teff> 7500 K will be given later on in this series. The 254 synthetic spectra presented here are based on Kurucz's codes and line data and have been computed over a more extended wavelength interval (7650− 8750 Å) than that currently baselined for implementation on GAIA, i.e. the 8500−8750 Å. This last range is dominated by the near-IR Ca II triplet and the head of the Paschen series. The more extended wavelength range allows us to investigate the behaviour of other strong near-IR spectral features (severely contaminated by telluric absorptions in ground-based observed spectra) as the K I doublet (7664, 7699 Å), the Na I doublet (8183, 8194 Å) and the lines of Fe I multiplet N.60 at 8327 and 8388 Å. The synthetic spectra support our previous conclusions about the superior performance of the Paschen/Ca II 8500−8750 Å region in meeting the GAIA requirements when compared to other near-IR intervals of similar 4λ = 250 Å. Send offprint requests to: U. Munari, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ? Table 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (220.127.116.11) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html ?? Figures 5–93 are only available in electronic form at the http://www.edpsciences.org ??? The spectra are also available in electronic form at the CDS or via the personal HomePage http://ulisse.pd.astro.it/Astro/Atlases/


The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE; formerly Next Generation Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope) is a dedicated, 10m aperture, wide-field, fiber-fed multi-object spectroscopic facility proposed as an upgrade to the existing Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on the summit of Mauna Kea. The enclosure vent configuration design study is the last of three studies to examine the technical feasibility of the proposed MSE baseline concept. The enclosure vent configuration study compares the aero-thermal performance of three enclosure ventilation configurations based on the predicted dome thermal seeing and air flow attenuation over the enclosure aperture opening of a Calotte design derived from computational fluid dynamics simulations. In addition, functional and operation considerations such as access and servicing of the three ventilation configurations is discussed.


Resonant behavior involving spin-orbit entangled states occurs for spin transport along a narrow channel defined in a two-dimensional electron gas, including an apparent rapid relaxation of the spin polarization for special values of the channel width and applied magnetic field (so-called ballistic spin resonance). A fully quantum mechanical theory for transport through multiple subbands of the one-dimensional system provides the dependence of the spin transport on the applied magnetic field and channel width, including a resonant depolarization of spins when the Zeeman energy matches the subband energy splittings and a spin texture transverse to the magnetic field. The resonance phenomenon is robust to disorder.


Context: A reproducible build occurs if, given the same source code, build instructions, and build environment (i.e., installed build dependencies), compiling a software project repeatedly generates the same build artifacts. Reproducible builds are essential to identify tampering attempts responsible for supply chain attacks, with most of the research on reproducible builds considering build reproducibility as a project-specific issue. In contrast, modern software projects are part of a larger ecosystem and depend on dozens of other projects, which begs the question of to what extent build reproducibility of a project is the responsibility of that project or perhaps something forced on it. Objective: This empirical study aims at analyzing reproducible and unreproducible builds in Linux Distri-butions to systematically investigate the process of making builds reproducible in open-source distributions. Our study targets build performed on 11,528 and 597,066 Arch Linux and Debian packages, respectively. Method: We compute the likelihood of unreproducible packages becoming reproducible (and vice versa) and identify the root causes behind unreproducible builds. Finally, we compute the correlation between the reproducibility status of packages and three ecosystem factors (i.e., factors outside the control of a given package). Results: Arch Linux packages become reproducible a median of 30 days quicker when compared to De-bian packages, while Debian packages remain reproducible for a median of 68 days longer once fixed. We identified a taxonomy of 16 root causes of unreproducible builds and found that the build reproducibility status of a package across different


This paper presents a blind channel estimation algorithm based on the minimization of a new criterion. The algorithm is typically devoted to the case of an OFDMA context with K-ary QAM modulation and a weak number of received symbols, potentially inferior to the constellation size. In the simple 4-QAM case we analytically show that this algorithm is equivalent to the classical Viterbi-Viterbi algorithm. The algorithm proposed in this paper can then be viewed as a generalization of the Viterbi-Viterbi algorithm to all K-ary QAM modulations. Simulation results are presented for the case of 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulations.


Introduction: The extent to which the material that accreted to the proto-Earth and segregated to form the core chemically and isotopically equilibrated with the silicate mantle is an outstanding problem in planetary science. This question is particularly important when trying to assign a meaningful age for planetary accretion and core formation based on the Hf-W isotope systematics [1,2,3,4]. The Earth and other terrestrial planets are likely to have formed by accretion of previously differentiated planetesimals. For the planetesimals themselves, the most important thermal energy source for the metal-silicate differentiation is the combined radioactive heating due to decay of Al (half-life 0.7 Ma) and Fe (half-life 1.5 Ma). It is expected that the fractionation of Hf and W during planetesimal core formation leads to a divergence in the W isotopic compositions of core and silicate portions of these bodies. This expectation is supported by the radiogenic W signatures compared to chondrites reported for basaltic eucrites [3,5,6]. The observation that the W isotopic compositions of silicate portions of Earth, Moon and Mars are similar and markedly less radiogenic than eucrites suggests that during planet accretion the predifferentiated metallic core material with low W must have interacted extensively with the more radiogenic (high W) silicate material to subdue the ingrowth of W. The standard theory of planet formation predicts that after runaway and oligarchic growth, the late stage of planet formation is characterized by impact and merging of Mars-sized objects [7]. This would have been a tremendously energetic process, raising the temperature of the proto-Earth to ~7000K [8,9], and indiscriminately ionizing everything. Stevenson (1990) [10] showed that emulsification caused by large-scale Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities following giant impacts breaks the metallic core of the impactor into centimeter-sized droplets within a few minutes. If these models are correct, the opportunity exists for intimate interaction between the impactor's core and the proto-Earth's silicate mantle as metal droplets descend through the terrestrial magma ocean. In order to characterize the timescales of metalsilicate equilibration and therefore understand the processes involved in the late giant impact stage of planetary formation, we have conducted a series of W self-diffusion experiments in basaltic liquid to understand the rate of isotope exchange between metal and silicate during planetary accretion and core formation. The purpose of these experiments is to critically evaluate the constraints provided by the HfW isotopic analyses of meteoritic and terrestrial materials. These simple self-diffusion experiments provide constraints on the intrinsic mobility of W in silicate liquids, which is not complicated by the interdiffusion of chemical species. The experiments give a first-order, conservative approximation of the W isotopic exchange and re-equilibration in a magma ocean scenario Experimental setup: In our experiments, we used natural basalt [11] doped with isotopicallynormal and isotopically-enriched W. Cylinders of the isotopically distinct basalt were juxtaposed to form a simple diffusion couple. The diffusion couples were loaded into a graphite capsule (1 mm I.D. x 2 mm long). Our experiments were conducted using the Walker-design 6/8 multianvil device [12]. The W self-diffusion experiments were conducted at 3 GPa between 1500 -1700 °C. After each run, samples were immediately quenched to glass. The complete assembly was removed from the multianvil device, sectioned longitudinally to expose the diffusion couple, mounted in epoxy, and polished. The self-diffusion profiles for the W-isotopic composition of the charges were analyzed using laser ablation system coupled either to a quadrupole ICPMS or the MC-ICP-MS, at the Interdisciplinary Center for Plasma Mass Spectrometry (UCD/ICPMS) at University of California, Davis. Laser ablation line-scans and spot analyses were conducted perpendicular to the diffusion interface using an incident laser beam with 20 μm diameter. Line-scan traverses were conducted with speed of 10-15 μm/sec. Distance between laser spots analyses were either 80 μm or 100 μm. Data reduction: The self-diffusion coefficient (D) was calculated using the solution for diffusion in a semi-infinite medium [13]. The values for D were derived from the slopes of a best-fit line to plot of y vs. z, where


In the context of global carbon emission reduction, as an important source of carbon emission, the accurate calculation of carbon emission from ships has been concerned. AIS, as a navigational guidance and AIDS equipment that is forcibly installed on ships, provides a good data basis for calculating ship carbon emission. At present, most studies tend to use "bottom-up" Ship carbon emission accounting methods to deal with a large amount of AIS data aiming to obtain carbon emission on a wide spatio-temporal scale. On the one hand, the massive AIS data make the refined AIS data completion and ship navigation state recognition complicated and difficult to achieve. On the other hand, the accuracy of the calculation results of ship carbon emission based on AIS data is very dependent on the accurate recognition of ship navigation state. This makes further calculation of ship carbon emission difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes a calculation method of ship carbon emission that focuses on ship interaction behavior and is applicable to massive AIS data. First, this study proposes a new recognition method of ship interaction, which realizes efficient recognition of ship interaction and obtaining spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. Secondly, this study improves a ship navigation recognition method, with which combining ship interaction recognition method can improve the calculation speed. Finally, this paper builds a simple visualization system of carbon emissions from ships, which can calculate carbon emissions and display them in the form of heat map. To verify the feasibility of this study, this paper conducts four experiments, respectively showing the performance of improved ship navigation state recognition algorithm, the relationship between ship navigation state and ship interaction, improvement of calculation speed using method in this paper and carbon emission calculation result with description of accuracy.


The synchronous data triggered architecture provides parallelism from the instruction level to the micro-operation level and is powerful in data processing while its special instruction property raises challenge to the instruction cache access. The instruction prefetching technology can reduce the miss rate of the instruction cache,enhance the instruction fetch ability,and improve the processor performance. Based on the analysis of the SDTA instruction set's characteristics,a hybrid instruction prefetching mechanism is proposed,which can increase the hit rate of the instruction cache. The proposed software/hardware-integrated mechanism has the following advantages:easy implementation,fewer invalid prefetches and no increase on the program code size,etc.


This article analyses the difference between the assessment methods and the owners' equity, points out the difference between audit for stockholder's value and audit for capital's inflation proof or increment, puts forward the main contents and methods of audit for stockholder's value


The static analysis method was used to carry out a 3-D finite element analysis for the someone of Xinjiang engineering under different transformation joints.Stresses become larger when the distance between transformation joints become larger and the stresses around transformation joints are obviously larger than the others.So distance between transformation joints can't be too large or too small,10 m is a good choice.


The 1993 amendment to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Act made depositors' claims on failed banks superior to those of general creditors. The legislation's stated purpose was to reduce the cost to the FDIC of resolving bank failures, but how effective is it likely to be? This paper examines the impact of states' depositor preference laws from 1984 through 1992 and finds that although resolution costs were lower, creditors' responses may have partially offset the legislation's benefit to the FDIC.


...................................................................................................................................... I TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. IV LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ VIII LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... XIII PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THIS THESIS .................................................................... XV STATEMENT OF CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION (%) ......................................................... XVI CHAPTER


Advances in the Semantic Web technologies present unprecedented opportunities for exploiting multiple related data sources to discover useful knowledge in many application domains. We have precisely formulated the problem of learning classifiers from a collection of several related ontology extended data sources, which make explicit (the typically implicit) ontologies associated with the data sources of interest, and have presented a solution to this problem. Userspecific mappings between a user ontology and data source ontologies are used to answer statistical queries that provide the sufficient statistics needed for learning classifiers from semantically heterogeneous data.


Modeling of non-destructive testing methods is gaining more and more importance as an aid for the development of inspection procedures, the understanding of the induced physical phenomena, and the establishment of performance demonstrations inherent to the qualification step. In this prospect, the validation of simulation codes is an essential stage. One of the objectives planed by EDF is the evaluation of Eddy Current simulation codes to respond to these new needs. In this context, the finite elements computation software "Code_Carmel3D" developed by EDF R&D and L2EP (ENSAM-Lille), and the semi-analytical code "Civa-CF" developed by the CEA have been both evaluated. The selected application is the non-destructive evaluation of the steam generators tubes with a rotating probe. The evaluation deals with the detection of longitudinal and circumferential, internal, external and through-wall notches, with different depths and lengths. In the case of these configurations, the simulation results obtained with Code_Carmel3D and Civa-CF codes show good agreement with experimental data. The complementarity of the two codes has also been studied. INTRODUCTION The evolution of French regulation on the maintenance of nuclear power plants at the end of the 1990's has brought the requirement to perform a formal qualification of NDE applications, including performance demonstration [1-2]. In this regard, the use of modelling is more and more important in the framework of these qualifications for the main NDE methods [2]. Numerical modeling can play a part in three phases: • When designing inspection method, modeling makes it possible to study and optimize the process parameters (for example, the sensor) and the operating conditions. • For the qualification of an END application, parametric studies carried out in simulation can show the performances of the method and its robustness compared to the variation of the influential parameters. • After the implementation of the END application, modeling is able to bring a help to the interpretation of the obtained signals. This approach naturally applies extensively to the eddy current method, and especially to its main application in nuclear power plants: the inspection of steam generator tubes [3]. One of the objectives planed by EDF is the evaluation of the ability of Eddy Current simulation codes to respond to these new needs. In this context, the finite elements computation software "Code_Carmel3D" developed by EDF R&D and L2EP (ENSAM-Lille), and the semianalytical code "Civa-CF" developed by the CEA have been both evaluated. The evaluation was carried out on EC configurations that are characteristic cases describing the inspection situation [1-4]. This article presents the results obtained in the case of a rotating probe for the detection of different kinds of longitudinal and circumferential flaws. M o re i n fo a b o u t th is a rt ic le : h tt p :/ /w w w .n d t. n et /? id = 8 9 3 4 M or e in fo a bo ut th is a rt ic le : ht tp :// w w w .n dt .n et /? id = 89 34 DESCRIPTION OF THE SOFTWARES USED FOR SIMULATION Code_Carmel3D : Finite Element Method applied to Eddy current NDT modelling The common laboratory LAMEL, created between EDF R&D and the Electrotechnics and Power Electronics team of the University of Lille, has been developing a Finite Element Electromagnetic Field Computation Software "Code_Carmel3D" which is to become in the medium term an open source software. The FE Method for the Quasi-Static State Approximation is based on Whitney elements for two dual formulations, A-φ and T-Ω, which converge to the exact solution as soon as the mesh is sufficiently refined [5-6]: • Magnetic formulation A (Magnetic vector potential) φ (electric scalar potential) : 1 ( ) t σ φ μ ∂ = − + ∂ A curl curlA grad (1) Advantages/disadvantages: costly for storage and computation time (the unknowns are a vector field in the whole domain and a scalar field in the conductive parts) but easy to use. • Electrical Formulation T (electric vector potential) Ω (magnetic scalar potential) : 1 ( ( )) t μ Ω σ ∂ = − − ∂ curl curlT T grad (2) Advantages/disadvantages: economical with regard to memory storage and computation time (the unknowns are a scalar field in the whole domain and a vector field in the conductive parts) but more delicate to use. The theoretical advantage of the Finite Element Method (FEM) rests in its general application with regard to the geometrical aspects and the material properties. However, the nature of the probe signal (weak changes in impedance), the geometry (dimension ratio and topology of the systems) and the probe displacements accounting lead to difficulties for finite element software [7]. The present work deals with perfecting reliable FEM models for NDT by eddy currents. Investigations on feasibility and accuracy have been carried out on testing probe by comparing with experimental data and the semianalytical methods of CIVA-CF. The items detailed hereafter deal with the first step which consists in deriving the process for Eddy current NDT FE modelling with regard to geometry description, FE mesh constraints, and formulation choice, taking into account the compromise accuracy/computation time. Mesh numerical offset The control signal is based on impedance changes. It quickly appeared that the magnitude of this value has the same order as the numerical noise generated by the mesh. In order to get rid of this offset, the classical technique carried out consists in considering a mesh where the flaw area is either filled with air (flaw present) or with metal (no flaw present). Without any flaw, the signal should be equal to zero, the resulting simulated signal, which is not equal to zero, is therefore the numerical noise of the mesh. As the studied configuration assumes linear properties for the material, the exact simulated solution (Fig. 2) can be considered as the simulated solution with the default (Fig. 1) minus the previous numerical offset computed for each position of the probe trajectory. Then, the relevance of the simulated solution only depends on: • the coherence of the mesh with regard to the skin depth and the system topology, • the numerical solver and computer accuracy. -1E-09 -8E-10 -6E-10 -4E-10 -2E-10 0E+00 2E-10 4E-10 6E-10 -5E-09 -4E-09 -3E-09 -2E-09 -1E-09 0E+00 1E-09 2E-09 3E-09 4E-09 Re(flux) (Wb)


The instability threshold of parametrically excited magnetoelastic waves is derived, as a function of the dc magnetic field strength, for that region of field where the phonon and magnon spectra intersect. The case considered involves the longitudinal pumping (with an rf magnetic field of constant frequency 2ω), of a small ferrimagnetic single crystal having cubic symmetry. The crystal is ellipsoidal in shape and is magnetized along a [100] direction. (The analysis is also applicable to a uniaxial crystal magnetized along its principal axis.) In this instance, the unstable magnetoelastic waves are a mixture of transverse phonons (polarized in the longitudinal direction) and magnons (spin waves) which propagate at (or very near) right angles to the dc field.If, as is usual, the two branches of the magnetoelastic wave spectrum are split by a frequency large compared to the phonon relaxation frequency, an approximate, and greatly simplified expression may be deduced from the general solution. In this case, it is found that the line shape of the phonon contribution to the threshold is asymmetric, and that the peak of the curve occurs for a smaller value of dc field than is generally believed. This shift in field is ∼b2(2ΔHk)Q (where b is the magnetoelastic energy coefficient, 2ΔHk is the appropriate spin‐wave linewidth, and Q is the appropriate phonon Q) and must be taken into account for an accurate determination of the exchange constant (particularly at the lower microwave frequencies). The peak of the phonon contribution to the threshold curve is independent of this shift and also of b; it is ∼λω2Q−1, where ω is the frequency of the magnetoelastic wave and λ is the exchange constant. The width of the peak at half‐height is essentially independent of Q (except at very low frequencies) and is ∼|b|M2ωλ½, where M is the value of the saturation magnetization.The instability threshold of parametrically excited magnetoelastic waves is derived, as a function of the dc magnetic field strength, for that region of field where the phonon and magnon spectra intersect. The case considered involves the longitudinal pumping (with an rf magnetic field of constant frequency 2ω), of a small ferrimagnetic single crystal having cubic symmetry. The crystal is ellipsoidal in shape and is magnetized along a [100] direction. (The analysis is also applicable to a uniaxial crystal magnetized along its principal axis.) In this instance, the unstable magnetoelastic waves are a mixture of transverse phonons (polarized in the longitudinal direction) and magnons (spin waves) which propagate at (or very near) right angles to the dc field.If, as is usual, the two branches of the magnetoelastic wave spectrum are split by a frequency large compared to the phonon relaxation frequency, an approximate, and greatly simplified expression may be deduced from the general solution. In this case, i...


Analytical monitoring of xanthation in the viscose process along with xanthate group analysis in the viscose material is a long-debated problem in cellulose chemistry. The task is rendered extremely intricate by the lability of the starting material and the harshness of the reaction medium, which adds to a lack of suitable analytical approaches. In a four-years' endeavor in our lab, a method is being developed which allows to analyze the distribution of xanthate groups in viscoses relative to the anhydroglucose units and along the cellulose chain. In a first step the xanthate groups are stabilized by alkylation, which was optimized towards quantitative conversion. In a second step, the remaining free hydroxyl groups are protected by carbanilation, followed by selective removal of the stabilized xanthate groups. Steps two and three thus generate an inverse image of the initial xanthate pattern. In the forth and fifth step, the liberated hydroxyl groups are methylated, and the carbanilates are removed, so that in the overall process the xanthates were replaced by methyl groups. All reaction steps have been comprehensively tested with regard to completeness of conversion and orthogonality of the protecting groups.


Fiberglass sucker rods are assuming a place in artificial-lift technology. This paper briefly describes the manufacturing process and gives some design and operational hints for practical applications. It also describes some mathematical modeling modifications needed for fiberglass wave-equation design programs.


Different factors,including temperature,fermentation time,initial pH,inoculum and rotary speed were studied comparatively using biomass as a director during the submerged fermentation of Phaeoporus obliquus liquor,and were optimized using central composite rotatable design(CCRD).The results indicated that the five factors have different effects on biomass,with a order from high to low: initial pH,fermentation time,inoculum and rotary speed,temperature.The maximum biomass(22.91 g/L) was acquired under the conditions of temperature 28.6℃,fermentation time 125 h,initial pH5.9,inoculum 10.5%(v/v)and rotary speed 135 r/min.


To evaluate the performance of a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based non‐invasive prenatal test (NIPT) for the detection of fetal 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in clinical practice, assess clinical follow‐up and review patient choices for women with high‐risk results.


The sugarcane crop ( Saccharum officinarum L.) contributes about two thirds of world sugar production. It is a C4 metabolism plant with high capacity for CO 2 assimilation. The CO 2 assimilation by the canopy of a crop can be determined by measuring the net exchange of CO 2 between the ecosystem (vegetation and soil) and the atmosphere (NEE). In this study, we did NEE measurements of a sugarcane crop and compared them with the values reported for other plant species. We also analyzed the relationship of NEE with the rate of evapotranspiration (ET) and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by the canopy. The crop instantaneous NEE rate was -28.23 mmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 (the


In a feeble comeback attempt President Yeltsin has redecorated the
inside of the Kremlin in a style that the director of the Art Research
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences describes as "monstrously
bad."


Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) of sulphur-bearing fuels is accomplished with in situ capture of sulphur oxides by limestone-based sorbents. Sorbent sulphation patterns have been extensively investigated in the past [see e.g. 1,2]. Sulphation most typically conforms to the core-shell pattern: the reaction front in the sorbent particle divides the unreacted CaO inner core from a partly reacted less porous outer shell. The build up of the sulphated outer shell prevents complete sulphation of the unreacted CaO core, as SO2 diffusion through the CaSO4 layer becomes negligible over the typical process time-scales. Sorbents employed in FBC undergo comminution which can lead to changes in particle size distribution and to fines elutriation with consequences on the desulphurization process [3]. Among the techniques proposed to enhance calcium utilization, one of the most promising is the reactivation of the exhausted sorbent via wateror steamhydration [4,5]. This process mainly implies the conversion of the unreacted CaO into Ca(OH)2 which, having a larger molar volume, swells inside the particles leading to the formation of cracks and flaws. In this way enhanced access to SO2 is provided upon further exposure of the reactivated sorbent to sulphur-containing atmospheres. Both techniques are attractive, as they enhance the sulphur uptake of sorbents, reduce waste disposal costs and consumption of natural resources, limit CO2 emissions. The aim of this experimental work was to characterize the influence of the waterand steamhydration/reactivation processes of FB spent sorbent particles on sulphur capture ability and particles sulphation patterns, fragmentation and attrition phenomena upon resulphation in FB reactors.


To the Editor: After reading an article by Drs. Tosti and Peraccini that appeared in the March 2001 issue of Dermatologic Surgery (Warts of the nail unit: surgical and nonsurgical approaches. Dermatol Surg 2001;27:235–9), I was dismayed by the misconceptions relating to the cryosurgical treatment of periungual warts. It is painfully obvious that the authors did not do their homework. Had this been the case a search would have revealed two of my articles (Kuflik EG. Cryosurgical treatment of periungual warts. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1984;10:9:673–6 and Kuflik EG. Specific indications for cryosurgery of the nail unit: myxoid cyst and periungual verrucae. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:702–6). It is not only unfortunate but also disheartening when misinformation can negate the positive results of cryosurgery. I would like to point out several discrepancies noted in Drs. Tosti and Peraccini's article:


Because of the uncertainty problem of pollutants diffusing in the atmosphere of Handan city, we monitor and put forward a new conception about air ground pollution belt, and get two-dimensional finite difference equation of air pollution. Meanwhile dispersion coefficient and wind speed are considered as grey parameters. One grey numerical quality model of air pollution is built according to grey theory and applies to the air pollution diffusing system of Handan city. Meantime analyze the important impact factors of the gray level. The results show the dispersion coefficient gray level, the wind speed gray level and the attenuation coefficient gray level can influence the concentration gray level.


Open Access Abstract Background: The frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups varies markedly in different races and ethnic groups in different parts of the world. We aimed to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups in healthy donors in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Methods: All blood donors (including in house donors and camp donors) registered in blood bank for a period of one year (July 2014 to June 15) were included in the study. ABO and Rh typing was performed. The frequency of ABO and Rh groups were reported as percentages. Results: In the ABO system, the most common blood group was B and the least common was AB. Rh positive blood groups were more common than Rh negative ones in both these categories. Overall, Rh positive donors were much more common than Rh negative ones. Voluntary donors accounted for 13.08% of the total donations, of which 94.4% were Rh positive. The percentage of Rh negative donors was higher, 5.6%, in this group compared with 4.7% amongst all donations (p=0.009). Conclusion: The incidence of ABO and Rh blood groups varies markedly in different races, ethnic and socioeconomic groups in different parts of the world. Knowledge of the availability of different blood groups in various centers is needed for more efficient delivery of facility services in blood banks.


Pronouns are referring expressions that can be used to refer back to entities previously mentioned in the discourse. In contrast to speakers of English, speakers of the pro-drop language Italian can use either an overt pronoun (e.g., lui 'he') or a null pronoun (O) as a subject anaphor. In Italian, null pronouns generally refer to the discourse topic, whereas overt pronouns refer to a non-topic referent (Carminati, 2002). However, this is merely a preference and interpretations of null as well as overt pronouns can vary, for example on the basis of pragmatic plausibility (Carminati, 2002) or recency of the non-topic referent (Sorace & Filiaci, 2006).


Right © 2016 Matsuo, Masuda, Sumi, Takahashi, Yamada, Ohira, Fujiwara, Kanemura and Kadotani. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


Cosmic rays entering the Earth's atmosphere produce showers of secondary particles such as neutrons and muons. The interaction of these neutrons and muons with oxygen-16 (O) in minerals such as ice and quartz can produce carbon-14 (C). Analyses of in situ produced cosmogenic C in quartz are commonly used to investigate the Earth's landscape evolution. In glacial ice, C is also incorporated through trapping of C-containing atmospheric gases (CO2, CO, and CH4). Understanding the 35 production rates of in situ cosmogenic C is important to deconvolve the in situ cosmogenic and atmospheric C signals in ice, both of which contain valuable paleoenvironmental information. Unfortunately, the in situ C production rates by muons (which are the dominant production mechanism at depths of >6 m solid ice equivalent) are uncertain. In this study, we use measurements of in situ C in ancient ice (>50 kilo-annum before present, ka BP) from the Taylor Glacier ablation site, Antarctica in 40 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-375 Preprint. Discussion started: 26 January 2022 c © Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License.


This thesis attempts a comprehensive study of the narrative structure of the Gong'an story ,a kind of fictions of Song-yuan Hua-pen story, and discusses on the Good and Evil in the Gong'an story. Making enigma and opening enigma was a special narrative structure in the Gong'an story. Making enigma means some evils happened, but no one knows who made the evils, the person who made the evils was concealed by the author . Opening enigma means to unmask who was the bad man in the Gong'an story. How to make enigma and how to open enigma was a kind of narrative modes of Gong'an story. Behind making enigma and opening enigma, there was the author's understanding or belief about law and humanity . Our study recognized that it was an important evolution in the evolution history of Chinese fiction. As an academic experiment, we hope it provides a valuable way to understanding the value and the history of Chinese fiction further.


Globalization is not a new phenomenon, for globalization and cultural interaction are a precondition for modern societies and culture. But the awareness of such inter connections and the strategic political responses to them have changed over time. In Denmark, film policy before 1990 was to a much larger degree defined by traditional notions of national culture, and by rather defensive cultural strategies. Developments at the level of both the European Union's film and media policies and Scandinavian models of co‐production and collaboration since the 1990s have changed this. Before 1987, Danish cinema and Danish film policy were not very internationally oriented, and apart from strategies for festival participation, the international policy was not very clearly profiled. A sign of changing times came when Gabriel Axel in 1988 won an Oscar for Babette's Feast (Babettes gæstebud, 1987), and even more so when in the same year Bille August won the Palme d'Or for Pelle the Conquerer (Pelle Erobreren, 1987), followed by an Oscar in 1989. Since then both Danish film and television have been an increasingly international business and also a global success. The number of important international prizes for Danish films is impressive given the size of the country, and the number of Danish film directors and film actors now making films abroad, especially in the United States, is also increasing. The enormous success of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation, DR Drama (five Emmys since 2002, see Bondebjerg and Redvall 2013), with exports of drama to an increasingly global market, has funda mentally changed the game for the entire Danish film and television culture. This development has a background in strategies in the Danish film and television industry toward greater internationalization. An obvious example of this develop ment is the production company Zentropa, founded in 1992 by Peter Aalbæk Jensen and Lars von Trier and with Vibeke Windeløv, Lars von Trier's producer until 2008, as a key figure with a large, international network. From a position as mostly the company producing Trier's films, Zentropa has developed a very active international strategy based on a strong transnational co‐production profile and the establishing of transnational partnerships and a corresponding company structure. As of 2004


The development of space robotic systems presents design challenges and their commissioning requires thorough studies and experiments. A planar space emulator has been developed to emulate the operation of free-flying robotic servicers and consists of two robotic systems that hover over a flat granite table. They have been designed to be lightweight, modular, multifunctional and analogous to space servicers. This paper presents the design challenges of the initial robot and their influence on the design of the new robot, the localization techniques, including sensors used and preliminary experimental results, and the fuel management techniques. The last two issues are important to both emulators and space robots, and correlate directly to realistic space robotics challenges.


Chromosomal Instability (CIN) - the continuous change in the number of chromosomes or parts of them - and the resulting aneuploidy - an unbalanced set of chromosomes or parts of them - are salient features of the majority of human solid tumors. While CIN promotes the gain of oncogene-carrying chromosomes and the loss of tumor-suppressor-gene-carrying chromosomes in certain cancers, its impact on the physiology of the cell and on the homeostasis of the tissue has not been well elucidated. Our lab has generated an epithelial model of CIN in Drosophila, where the generation of highly aneuploid karyotypes drives cell delamination and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) dependent cell death. Whereas gene dosage imbalance contributes to aneuploidy-induced cell delamination, the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) plays a key role in the activation of JNK. When delaminating cells are maintained in the tissue by apoptosis inhibition, aberrant karyotypes promote a cell-autonomous malignant behavior and the entry into a senescence-like state. Cross-feeding interactions between senescent cells and dividing epithelial cells maintain the unlimited growth potential of CIN-induced tumors. Here we have dissected the molecular mechanisms underlying aneuploidy-induced ROS production and cell delamination. We found that proteotoxic stress as a consequence of a general imbalance in the proteome of highly aneuploid cells is being sensed and activates Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in CIN tissues. Major protein quality control mechanisms are activated in order to dampen the deleterious effects of CIN. The main catabolic process of the cell, autophagy, is activated by many different regulators in CIN tissues. Although protein quality control mechanisms are activated upon CIN, mitochondrial homeostasis is severely perturbed in CIN tissues. We also identified that aneuploidy-induced cellular stresses limit mitophagy and this serves as a major source of ROS in CIN tissues. Here, mitochondria act as major sensors of the unbalanced proteome as well as signaling centers to activate JNK through ROS production. The generation of ROS is a key event to promote tumorigenesis in our model. On one hand, ROS activates JNK through Ask1. On the other hand, ROS activates Src kinase to drive cell delamination by modifying cell adhesion and the actin-myosin cytoskeleton. Enhancement of proteostasis or mitochondrial homeostasis by upregulating protein quality control mechanisms dampens the deleterious effects of CIN. In general, protein quality control mechanisms are vital for the maintenance of cellular physiology and tissue homeostasis upon CIN. A deep understanding of these mechanisms in aneuploidy will help us to find the Achilles' heel of CIN and, as a consequence, of most human epithelial tumors.


Based on the practice and application of the powder spraying piles to reinforce soft foundation,we have summarized the process and principles of costruction preparation,construction process and technical details,quality control methods and performance test.


: Sterilizing effect of hempa in relation to the ovarian development of the housefly, ILfttscLz domestica vicina Macquart, Continual treatment with low concentration of hempa below O.0296 to both sexes of the fiies induced decline of hatchability of eggs laid during the treatment ; decrea$e of egg production and complete sterility were observed by the treatment of high cencentration above O,1%, Flesh weight and follicle size of the ovary at 4 days after emergence decreased intensely by the treatment with the high concentration of hempa. Histological observations demonstrated that treatment with low concentration of hempa induced vacuo-Iization of the ooplasm of the mature follicle, and that the high concentrations induced pycnosis and degradation of the nuclei of the nurse and follicular epithelial cells, collapse of the germarium and lack of the enlargement of the 2nd-follicles. Conspicuous vacuolization was also observed in the fat body of females. Histological changes described above indicate


Music is an important part of the content of quality education. We must have a full cognition of the significance of music to the practice of quality education and we should hold steadfastly the idea that music teaching should serve for quality education. We should therefore reform the methods of music teaching and create good atmosphere of learning music.


Objective To quantify urban residents'willingness-to-pay (WTP) to improve their health status in typical cities of Shandong, China. Methods A contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed to investigate 1 950 urban residents randomly. The field survey using open-ended format questionnaire was carried out in Qingdao, Yantai, Linyi and Zaozhuang. A Probit model and a stepwise regression model were established to find the influencing factors of WTP and payment amount. Results A total of 1 845 valid questionnaires were obtained. The average WTP was 93, 69, 81, 58 CNY per household per month for residents in Qingdao, Yantai, Linyi, and Zaozhuang. A probit model indicated that working condition had active influence on WTP in Qingdao and Zaozhuang and negative influence on WTP in Yantai. A stepwise regression model indicated that income per month had active influence on residents'payment amount. Conclusion The average WTP of Qingdao is the highest, and that of Zaozhuang is the lowest. The average WTP of Linyi is more than that of Yantai. Income per month is an important factor which influences residents'WTP.


The seedling resistance, adult plant resistance and temperature-sensitive minor gene resistance in 18 cultivars with durable resistance against wheat stripe rust were tested and analyzed. The results showed that most of the cultivars were susceptible at the seedling stage, but exhibited high resistance at the adult plant stage. On the other hand, cultivars which were resistant at the seedling stage were invariably resistant at the adult plant phase. The resistance conferred by adult plant and temperature-sensitive minor genes are two major components of durable resistance in wheat against stripe rust.


The increasing complexity of modern and future multi-core/multithreaded processors rises the question of how to best utilize processor resources. On one side, Amdahl's Law limits the maximum theoretical speedup of parallel applications while, on the other side, the increasing complexity of runtime programming language may introduce implicit serialization points. Several studies demonstrated that it is often more convenient to use some of the hardware threads to assist execution than running supplementary application threads. Assisted execution approaches, however, may lead to low processor utilization: in this paper, we explore fine-grained hardware resource allocation techniques to assign hardware resources to application and auxiliary threads at runtime, according to their actual computing power demand. As a test case, we apply fine-grained resource allocation to STM2, the first parallel STM system that offload STM management operations to auxiliary threads. We implemented an integrated hardware/software solution in which each level performs well-defined tasks efficiently: 1) STM2 is enriched with a runtime mechanism to express computing power requirements of application and auxiliary threads; 2) the hardware enforces dynamic resource partitioning among running threads; 3) the operating system provides a simple and efficient interface between STM2 and the hardware resource allocation mechanism. In this paper, we leverage the IBM POWER7 hardware thread prioritization mechanism to bias the allocation of hardware resources in favor of computing intensive application threads or overloaded auxiliary threads. We test fine-grained resource allocation solutions on a real IBM POWER7 system running a simple and malleable TM benchmark (Eigenbench) and applications from the STAMP benchmark suite. Results show that the proposed integrated solution achieves up to 65% and 11% of performance improvement over the standard STM2 design for Eigenbench and STAMP applications, respectively.


Erica Cook spoke to Professor Ronan O'Carroll at the 2009 Annual Health Psychology Conference about his career as a psychologist.


The study analyses the media coverage practices concerning the "new diaspora" - the migration of the Romanian workforce in the countries of the European Union. The main research question relates to how the media builds the image of the migrant, as well as of the emerging forms in which the diaspora presents itself: is the diaspora a "remote" phenomenon (eventually recovered within a policy-media agenda) or, on the contrary, does the press propose varied and nuanced images of the migrant condition, approaching this theme as a public issue? In other words, what forms of "moral distance" does the media build with respect to the Romanians who work abroad? By applying content analysis combined with discourse analysis with respect to two national daily newspapers, the study shows that the press "defines" the diaspora as an abstract reality, in a sketchy presentation of idealized characters vs. negative characters. As such, the media establishes an imagery of compassion and benevolent attention - an exterior reality of the national public. The media discourse does not point out the particularities of the diasporic experience in the context of the various types of mobility.


The evolution of software libraries is a process that requires a joint effort of two groups of developers: the library developers who prepare the release and client developers who need to update their applications to the new versions. To build better tools that support both library and client developers throughout the evolution, we need to understand what problems they face and how they react to those problems. In this paper, we present the result of two surveys: one for library developers and one for client developers. Our surveys involved developers from two industrial companies and an open-source community. We assess (1) how they perceive the impact of library evolution and (2) what is the support that library developers can provide to their clients. By approaching those questions from the perspectives of library and client developers, we try to assess how challenging library update is for each of those groups and how motivated they are to overcome those challenges.


This paper provides some counterexamples to Cantor's contributions to the foundations of Set Theory. The first counterexample forces Cantor's Diagonal Method (DM) to yield one of the numbers in the target list. To study this anomaly, and given that for the DM to work the list of numbers have to be written down, the set of numbers that can be represented using positional fractional notation, $\mathbb{W}$, is properly characterized. It is then shown that $\mathbb{W}$ is not isomorphic to $\mathbb{R}$, meaning that results obtained from the application of the DM to $\mathbb{W}$ in order to derive properties of $\mathbb{R}$ are not valid. It is then shown that Cantor's DM for a generic list of reals can be forced to yield one of the numbers of the list, thus invalidating Cantor's result that infers the non-denumerability of $\mathbb{R}$ from the application of the DM to $\mathbb{W}$. Cantor's Theorem about the different cardinalities of a set and its power set is then questioned, and by means of another counterexample we show that the theorem does not actually hold for infinite sets. After analyzing all these results, it is shown that the current notion of cardinality for infinite sets does not depend on the size of the sets, but rather on the representation chosen for them. Following this line of thought, the concept of model as a framework for the construction of the representation of a set is introduced, and a theorem showing that an infinite set can be well-ordered if there is a proper model for it is proven. To reiterate that the cardinality of a set does not determine whether the set can be well-ordered, a set of cardinality $\aleph_{0}^{\aleph_{0}}$ is proven to be equipollent to the set of natural numbers $\mathbb{N}$. The paper concludes with an analysis of the cardinality of the ordinal numbers, for which a representation of cardinality $\aleph_{0}^{\aleph_{0}}$ is proposed.


Today, about 1,700,000 species of animals and plants havebeen described in the world. Nearly 1,200,000 species ofthem are animals, and three fourth (900,000 species) ofthem are insects. According to the result of the recent studyon tropical forest and other major habitats, the actualnumber of insects inhabiting on Earth is estimated to reach30 million species (Lee et al., 1994). 15,000 species ofinsects have been reported in the Korean Peninsula,including about 8,200 species in South Korea and 3,604species in North Korea. On the other hand, 30,399 specieshave been recorded in Japan located near Korea (Kwon etal., 1994). Especially, the Korean Peninsula has high insectdiversity due to its variety of nature in terms of topography,geography and hydrology characterized with a variety ofclimates for small land space, stretching north and south,rising to the east, and inclining gently towards thesouthwest. As such, a number of insect species aredistributed in our natural environment, and therefore thoseinsects play a important roles from food chain in a varietyof ecosystems as consumer, decomposer, predator orparasite, which also have influence on our human beingeither directly or indirectly.There are ten Natural Reserves in Korea including theMarado Island Natural Reserve designated on July 18 in2000, starting from the Hongdo Island Natural Reserve(Natural Monument No. 170) designated on April 7 in 1965(Table 1). Except Dokdo Island or Marado Island designatedfrom the aspect of territorial expansion in part, all otherareas were designated as the Natural Reserves for thereason of their having rare living creature required to bepreserved from the aspects of landscape and science or theirenvironment of high biodiversity. The importance of theDokdo and Marado Island Natural Reserves, however, isemerging again from such an ecological aspect that theyrecently provide resting place to rare marine living creatureliving at the coastal area, southern type species that live inthe area, or the insects that move a long distance (An,2000).Accordingly, this study is intended to compare andanalyze the characteristic of insect fauna living in the areadesignated as the Natural Reserves in Korea and therebyprovide significant fundamental data that can be used orutilized in establishing the plan of managing and preservinginsect ecosystem in the Natural Reserve.


In view of problem of strip break of belt caused by overload of coal feed rate of underground coal feeder in a coal mine,the paper proposed a design scheme of monitoring system of underground coal feeder.It expounded hardware structure and software design of the system and introduced installation of hardware devices and debugging steps of software modules of the system.The actual application showed that the system improves reliability of coal feeding system.


Contents

16. International refugee law – yesterday, today, but tomorrow?
- Guy S. Goodwin-Gill (page 1)

17. The universal asylum system and the 2016 New York Declaration: towards an improved 'global compact' on refugees?
- Terje Einarsen and Marthe Engedahl (page 10)

18. The origins of 'burden sharing' in the contemporary refugee protection regime
- Claire Inder (page 25)

19. Bilateral resettlement agreements: any promising future for expanding refugee protection space? A case study of the Guantanamo ex-detainees seeking asylum in Central Asia
- Khalida Azhigulova (page 42)

20. Non-refoulement under the Inter-American Human Rights System
- Rodolfo Marques (page 58)

21. Resettlement mission: under international law, can the Security Council issue resolutions obligating states to resettle displaced persons?
- Margarita Fourer (page 70)

22. The European Union Temporary Protection Directive: an example of solidarity in law but not in practice – a review of temporary protection in the European Union (1990–2015)
- John Koo (page 96)


Natural product especially secondary metabolites that produced by plants under the stressed condition shown to have a different pharmacological impact. Aeluropus lagopoides is one of the typical halophyte plants survivals under stressed conditions. It has been used for wound healing and as a painkiller. The bioactivity and the chemical composition of this plant have poorly investigated. Consequently, chemical components of A. lagopoides leaves were extracted using hexane (nonpolar), ethyl acetate (semi-polar), n-butanol (polar) to extract the most extensive variety of metabolites. The cytotoxicity and anticancer impact of extracted secondary metabolites evaluated against breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT-116), and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines using SRB test. The mechanism of action verified by observing the appearance of apoptotic bodies using the fluorescent microscope while their antiproliferative impact had been evaluated using flow cytometer. Results revealed that secondary metabolites extracted using hexane and ethyl acetate were having the highest cytotoxicity and thus anticancer activity effect on HepG2 with IC50 (24.29 ± 0.85, 11.22 ± 0.679 µg/mL) respectively. Where apoptotic bodies observed, flow cytometer results exhibited that secondary metabolites can inhibit cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Accordingly, A. lagopoides hexane and ethyl acetate extracts may consider as a candidate anti-cancer drug.


The invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation or composition in the form of a tablet, coated tablet, capsule or powder for reconstitution, for use in irritable bowel syndrome, comprising an intestinal motility modifier and enzyme ±-D-galactosidase.


The silver ion modified anionic surfactant templated mesoporous silica(AMS) materials were used as adsorbents to remove the dimethyl sulfide(DMS) which was considered to be the most difficultly removed organic sulfide at ambient conditions in the fuel cell industry.The performance of these Ag-AMS materials which were prepared by changing the reaction time,the concentration and volume of the modified solutions,the calcination temperature and so on as DMS adsorbents was tested using a dynamic breakthrough test in the fixed bed.Optimal conditions for modification of Ag-AMS material are ambient temperature,8 h,mess concentration of AgNO_3 solution 6.25%and calcinations temperature 400℃for 6 hours.At these conditions,the capacity of the DMS was reached to 14.2058 mgS/g.


Objective To establish an efficient method of RNA interference on COX-2 of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901,and provide a new pathway for gene therapy of gastric cancer and its recurrence and metastasis.Methods Six pieces of COX-2 small interference RNA(siRNA) and one negative control siRNA were designed and synthesized chemically,gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 were transfected with them mediated by three different transfection reagent.COX-2 mRNA and COX-2 protein of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 were checked with real time quantitative PCR and Western blotting methods respectively.Results Transfection of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 with report gene DNA(pcDNA/lacZ)could be mediated by TOPtranfection efficiently.Transfection rate of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 was 56.0%,cotransfection of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 with DNA(pcDNA/lacZ)and pcDNA/lacZ-siRNA could be mediated by TOPtranfection efficiently,siRNA brought about distinguished inhibition efficiency on DNA(pcDNA/lacZ).Compared to negative control,COX-2mRNA in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 measured by real time quantitative PCR after transfection with COX-2(0~5) siRNAs mediated by TOPtranfection were degraded significantly,COX-2 siRNA resulted in highest transfection efficiency 98.3%,others were above 90%.Protein expression of COX-2 in SGC7901 cell line measured by Western blotting was lower 71.5% after transfected with COX-2 siRNA.Conclusion Transfection of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 with COX-2 siRNA could be mediated by TOPtranfection efficiently,RNA interference on COX-2 mediated by TOPtranfection can inhibit gene and protein expression of COX-2 of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 efficiently,which may provide a new target and method for gene therapy of gastric cancer and its recurrence and metastasis.


Neubert, C., Ruffer, N. and Zeh-Hau, Construct exercises require the subject to generate (and, if unsupervised, write) a M., 1998, Word and Picture Semantic Impairments (Hopheim, Germany: NATnovel response. Many of the exercises take a format Verlag). [Pp. 455.]. ISBN 3-929450-15-1 ( UK version) ISBN 3-929450-16-X ( USA version). which will be familiar to clinicians. Among the written exercises odd-one-out, noun-verb Ringbinder and pbk. DM 160. matching, category naming, sentence compleThis sizeable set of therapy materials for tion, generating items within a category and adults with aphasia is a translation of two true-or-false statements are examples of well volumes from a German series. The work established tasks. The range of subject matter contains 127 pages of written word-based is pleasingly diverse and on the whole the worksheets and 245 picture based, both in exercises appear to have been carefully A4 ringbinder format for ease of photocopythought out in that there is a fair degree of ing, together with a generous 83 page manual consistency of clarity as to the correct o€ ering theoretical rationale and guidelines response in the di€ erentiation and selection for usage. The volume is available in both tasks. There are some exceptions. Among the British and American English versions. c̀orrect or false' items are `The manure heap All of the exercises are designed to be sticks' and `Popular melodies insult the presented visually and thus are best suited to audience' . Elsewhere subjects are asked to one to one or independent work. Presentation complete the sentences `The teacher can see better with a ' and `Yesterday we had is on the whole very clear; the written exercises are in a good sized print and most a ' and to decide `Can you give a pig?' Fortunately such examples are ® rmly in have adequate spacing between lines to allow for visual problems. The picture section uses the minority. There are some translation errors ( `The baker bakes a bread' , À motorline drawings which are also mostly very clear. way is a particularly wide street' ) but again these are relatively few. Within the two sections the exercises are grouped primarily according to the aspect of Whereas the written exercises boast a considerable diversity of task types, all of the semantic impairment which they are designed to address. These groups include superordinpicture based exercises entail essentially the same task of matching a written word to a ate and subordinate relations, p̀art of ' relations, similarity of meaning, predicative picture or part of a picture. This means there is nothing in the volume for people with relations and relations involving the thematic concept of ìnstrument' . The authors make poor reading comprehension and thus it is not, as the authors suggest, suitable for no claim to comprehensiveness in the range of semantic relations covered. people with global aphasia. Nevertheless, the quality of the exercises in this section is on The exercises are further subdivided according to the syntactic unit(s) involved the whole very good, with an impressive range of drawings which is up to date enough and according to whether they involve single words or sentences. Finally, and perhaps to include a fax machine and, in the `UK' version, British enough to include a real most usefully, they are classi® ed according to the nature of the response required. b̀obby' of a policeman and a car with a b̀onnet' . Subjects are asked to identify l̀ens' , Di€ erentiation exercises require the subject to tick or underline the correct answer. s̀hutter release' and `̄ ash' on a camera and to distinguish a s̀herry glass' from a c̀ognac Selection exercises require the copying of given words into the correct spaces, while glass' and a c̀roissant' from a p̀retzel' . The


To investigate the mechanism of aerotic exsercise and supplement of ganodrma lucidum polysaccharides' anti lipid peroxidation effect on diabetic rats in order to provide experimental proof for excises and treatment of diabetic patients.In this paper,the streptozotocin(STZ) is used to model Wister diabetic rats which are randomly grouped into as following four groups: control group(C),diabetic group(DM),diabetes Ganoderma lucidum group(DMM),diabetic exercise group(DMS) and diabetes exercise Ganoderma group(DMMS).After 8 weeks,test their weight,weight of testicular,fasting boold glucose levels,insulin,activity of SOD and GSH-Px,amount of MDA.Results:a)Compared with DM group,the rats in other groups have obvious decrease in Glu whereas increase in Ins(P0.01 or P0.05);b) The amount of MDA derease apparently in each group while increase of GSH-px and SOD(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusion is High level of blood glucose results in the accumulation of ROS in testicular of the rats,which consequently cause the imbanlance between MDA and SOD,GSH-Px and increase the rate of lipid peroxidation.All these factors may impair the cell of testicular and cause pathological change intesticular and sexual dysfunction.Although the dual methods of aerotic exercise and supplement of ganoderma lucidum olysaccharides cannot eliminate ROS,they can resist lipid peroxidation and then protect the testicular cells.


A hyperbranched polyester has been synthesized by a pseudo-one-step procedure based on trimethylolpropane and dimethylolpropionic acid as raw materials,modified by 8-[4′-propoxy(1,1-biphenyl)-4-yloxy]-octanoic acid.The end-capping ratio was determined by titration of hydroxyl groups.The chemical structures of the polymers were identified by FT-IR and NMR,and the thermal properties were investigated by DSC and WAXD.The results showed the optimal dosage of end-capping reagent was 1.05 times the amount of hydroxyl groups in the hyperbranhced polymer.Under this condition,the end-capping ratio was 92.0% and the chemical structures of the polymers were consistent with their theoretical structures.The glass transition temperature(Tg) of the polymer was significantly increased after modification and the polymer was converted an from amorphous phase to a mixture of crystalline and amorphous phases after modification.


A numerical analysis is presented for laminar forced-convection condensation of saturated vapors of water and carbon dioxide on a flat surface in the reduced temperature range TS/TC=0.990∼0.999. The heat transfer coefficient in the region TS/TC<0.998 can be correlated by using Fujii and Uehara's equation for constant physical properties when the representative physical properties are evaluated at the film temperature. The reduction of condensation mass flux or the heat flux at the vapor-liquid interface due to the convection term in the film is expressed as a function of the phase change number with the average isobaric specific heat.


The ZnGeP2 crystal is a material of choice for powerful mid-IR optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers. In this paper, we present the experimental analysis of the optical damage threshold of ZnGeP2 nonlinear crystals induced by a repetitively-pulsed Ho3+:YAG laser at 2091 nm. Two types of ZnGeP2 crystals grown under different conditions were examined using the laser and holographic techniques. The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) determined by the pulse fluence or peak intensity was studied as a function of the pulse repetition rate (PRR) and laser exposure duration. The main crystal structure factor for a higher LIDT was found to be a reduced dislocation density of crystal lattice. The ZnGeP2 nonlinear crystals characterized by the high structural perfection with low density of dislocations and free from twinning and stacking faults were measured to have a 3.5 J/cm2 pulse fluence damage threshold and 10.5 MW/cm2 peak intensity damage threshold at 12 kHz PRR; at 40 kHz PRR the pulse fluence damage threshold increased to over 6 J/cm2, but the peak intensity damage threshold dropped to 5.5 MW/cm2.


High quality graphene materials that readily disperse in water or organic solvents are needed to achieve some of the most ambitious applications. However, current synthetic approaches are typically limited by irreversible structural damages, little solubility, or low scalability. Here, we describe a fundamental study of graphene chemistry and covalent functionalization patterns on sp2 carbon lattices, from which a facile, scalable synthesis of high quality graphene sheets was developed. Graphite materials were efficiently exfoliated by reductive, propagative alkylation. The exfoliated, propagatively alkylated graphene sheets (PAGenes) not only exhibited high solubility in common solvents such as chloroform, water, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone, but also showed electrical conductivity as high as 4.1 × 103 S/m, which is 5 orders of magnitude greater than those of graphene oxides. Bright blue photoluminescence, unattainable in graphene, was also observed. We attribute the rise of blue photoluminescence in PAGenes...


Objective: to analyze the scientific production on online courses on breastfeeding as a strategy to improve the quality of care. Methods: a scoping review, based on the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The electronic databases used were: PubMed; LILACS; CINAHL; SCOPUS; Web of Science; BDENF and EMBASE, published from 2015 to 2020. Results: 961 abstracts were read, 15 articles in full for the final inclusion of 9 articles. The publications occurred between 2011 and 2020, their samples ranged from 54 to 26009 participants. In only 5 studies (55.6%) some method of learning assessment was used and the most used strategy was the application of pre and post test. Conclusion: the scarcity of studies on online courses on breastfeeding as a strategy to improve the quality of care shows a gap in knowledge on the subject. It was also found the need to improve the methodological description of the published studies


To provide a corrector comprising a straight optical axis to eliminate the chromatic and aperture aberration of the optical particle lens. A The corrector consists of at least twelve quadrupole elements and ten octupole elements, and in which three pieces of the quadrupole elements and one group of two octupole elements, these continuously arranged along the group to the optical axis, it is so there is the symmetry plane between each group. Multipole element extending from one group to another group paired with each other, the corresponding sequence in reverse order with respect to multipole element multipole element of the next group to the corresponding predecessor group along the optical axis are you. And the structure of the multipole elements corresponding to each other, the refractive power are then mirror-symmetrically about the relevant plane of symmetry between the respective groups. At least two elements in said quadrupole element result in electric and magnetic quadrupole fields, the quadrupole element is arranged mirror-symmetrically about the second plane of symmetry, or all of the symmetry plane.


This paper presents a novel approach to evaluating the detection of unusual or interesting events in videos involving certain types of human behaviour, such as pedestrian scenes. The holy grail of computer vision for surveillance can be thought of as an interesting or unusual event detector which when given an input video stream, outputs some form of alarm whenever anything unusual happens inside its field of view. This paper addresses the question of how we would go about evaluating such a system, suggests one possible evaluative schema, and presents an example of this evaluative procedure in use on a prototype Interesting Event Detector.


: Agriculture is central to the survival of every nation in the world but the crude implements used in Agricultural practices in many rural areas leaves nothing to be desired of this all important sector of the economy. With such implements like hoes instead of tractors much energy is expended with little or nothing to show for it. That is why many youths prefer to waste precious years looking for white collar job instead of being proudly farmers. This paper examines how Innovative Agricultural Practices could be communicated to Youths in Ebonyi State in order to make Agriculture more attractive and less cumbersome. The study adopted survey research method and multiple stage sampling technique. The instruments of data collection were questionnaire and structured interview. Diffusion theory was adopted for the study. One of the findings of the study shows that the youth in Ebonyi State will willingly embrace Agriculture if fund is made available and Agricultural Innovation Practices are communicated to them in good time. We therefore recommend that Innovative Agriculture should be made less cumbersome but more attractive by carefully packaging messages about Innovative Agricultural Practices and presenting such messages to the Youth in the language they would understand.


Osteochondral autograft resurfacing (mosaicplasty) is a well-established technique in the treatment of symptomatic osteochondral and osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the knee. The results obtained are generally very good, but are excellent in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans. Adherence to selection criteria and good operative technique are essential. Basic scientific research is improving our understanding of the complex inter relationships that occur in both normal and transplanted hyaline cartilage; this, in turn, is enabling the refinement of operative technique and directing future advances in treatment augmentation.


This paper describes the design and performance of a novel, planar 24 GHz low phase noise GaAs HBT dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) for millimeter wave short range radar sensors for automotive and industrial applications. The detailed design, circuit development and experimental results for the DRO are presented and discussed. The measurement of the oscillator showed a center frequency of 23.82 GHz with a fundamental output power of 3.33 dBm and a phase noise performance of −125.67 dBc/Hz at 100 KHz offset, the lowest yet reported.


Data security and confidentiality are very important in this era of increasing technology and communication. A combination of hiding secret message techniques such as Cryptography and Steganography can generate a secret message with a higher security level. This study implements the modification of Playfair cipher algorithm to increase the security of classical cryptography and Begin Of File steganography techniques which inserts the message at the beginning of the row of the image's matrix. First, text message is encrypted with a 5x5 key matrix which is rotated twoway according to the bigram plainext. Encryption result is a ciphertext, which is then converted into ASCII code. It will be inserted into the beginning of the row matrix of the bitmap image file. For recovering the hidden message, the message is extracted from the image where it was inserted to produce ciphertext which would be decrypted. On the tested system, message which maybe encrypted consisted only from letters of the alphabet. The decrypted message does not have any space characters.


We present a clean and convenient technology to form a nano-scale archipelago shape upper electrode of capacitive humidity sensor to substitute the lift-off technology in this kind of process. In our fabrication process of humidity sensor, only the 0.25 second of the beginning of the discharge in a sputtering was used to form the nano-scale archipelago shape electrode. Moreover, the humidity sensitive material which is the key factor in humidity sensor has not been contacted with both acetone and photoresist which were usually used in the process of lift-off. Observed by AFM(Atomic force microscope), the average diameter of island electrode of this archipelago shape electrode is 30 nanometers. The test result showed that this kind of sensor has a wide range of sensing ambient relative humidity from 25% RH to 95%RH. The performance of this capacitive humidity sensor showed that the very short time discharge of sputtering can be an effective, clean and easier method to form the upper electrode of capacitive humidity sensor.


In an exsperiment conducted during 2002. acitvity of aryl subphatase, which is closely involved in S-cycling. was assayed in 27-soils wiht contrasting, management histories udner soybean (Glycine-max (L.) Merr. -based croppping systems. Aryl. sulphatase activity ranged from 8 to 132. with a mean of 66 μg p-nitro phenol/g soll/hr Contrasting management practices under soybean-based cropping systems caused a marked variation in different forms of S Forms of S 1 viz CaCL 2 -S. KH 2 PO 4 -S, NaHCO-S heat-soluble S and organic S, ranged from 2.7 to 15.3. 6.1 to 48.2, 7.8 to 72.0, 7.3 to 42.8 and 47.0 to 313.0 ppm, respectively with a mean value of 7.6 28, 33.3, 19.8, and 162.0 ppm. Arvl sulphatase activity was positively correlated with clay. total C. forms of S, dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass.


As an important nature subject, electrochemistry is widely used in many fields. Hydrometallurgy is a new metallurgical technique which has a not clear mechanism of production technology. Electrochemistry has a wide use and important significance in the process flows of gold hydrometallurgy including grinding, mineral processing, pretreatment, et.al. The paper used electrochemical theory to discuss the mechanism in the production technology of gold hydrometallurgy including grinding, mineral processing, pretreatment, cyanide leaching, electrodeposition, slurry electrolysis, noble metal recovery, wastewater treatment, et.al. and explained the principle of the process flows in gold hydrometallurgy. Gold hydrometallurgy could be studied profoundly for these. Basing on explaining mechanism and representing principle, the application of electrochemical technique in the hydrometallurgy was also briefly introduced.


Generally speaking, juveniles are immature and possess abundant plasticity, lack the ability to exercise judgment or to control behavior. Furthermore, juvenile delinquency is committed from bad influences of the surrounding environment, including the family and the society. Thus, doubt remains strong about the effectiveness of punishment to improve or prevent juvenile delinquency. Therefore, even if a juvenile commits a crime, it is necessary to attempt rehabilitation through protective measures for correcting behavior and adjusting the environment as far as possible, rather than merely imposing punishment as a legal liability. Meanwhile, in spite of the fact that the legitimacy and the rationality of juvenile protection are recognized extensively, we should not forget the presence of crime victims who are suffering from physical, mental and financial damages as one of the related parties in criminal events. Basically, crime victims should be regarded, protected, and granted certain rights or legal position in a juvenile proceeding as in a criminal proceeding. However, the conventional juvenile law has leaned to the protection of the juvenile side, and thus has ignored the rights and interests of the victims until recently.
 In this situation, the revised juvenile law newly stipulated the related provisions for the victims, namely the right of the victim statement(§25a) and the reconciliation recommendation(§25b), in 2007. Thanks to this amendment, it is now possible that a victim makes a statement about the extent of damage, emotional feelings, comments on the disposition of juvenile offender in the juvenile justice procedure, and can be offered a chance for a negotiation on compensation and apology depending on the judge's recommendation. When compared to the attitude of conventional juvenile law, it is obvious that the legal status of victims have achieved a progress in juvenile justice system. Nevertheless, these revised provisions have some problems when we observe them from the perspective of harmonious pursuit of interest between the juvenile and the victim. Also, it is difficult to say that the victim's legal status at present is sufficient to compare with that of advanced foreign countries. Based on this point of view, this manuscript, dealing with the legal status of crime victims in the juvenile justice procedure as the theme, examines the change in victim's legal status before and after the enforcement of the revised juvenile law, prospects in the possibility of further change in juvenile justice in the presence of crime victims.


This work analyses the output sequence from a cryptographic non-linear generator, the so-called shrinking generator.
This sequence, known as the shrunken sequence, can be built by interleaving a unique PN-sequence whose characteristic polynomial serves as basis for the shrunken sequence's characteristic polynomial.
In addition, the shrunken sequence can be also generated from a linear model based on cellular automata.
The cellular automata here proposed generate a family of sequences with the same properties, period and characteristic polynomial, as those of the shrunken sequence.
Moreover, such sequences appear several times along the cellular automata shifted a fixed number.
The use of discrete logarithms allows the computation of such a number.
The linearity of these cellular automata can be advantageously employed to launch a cryptanalysis against the shrinking generator and recover its output sequence.


Abstract This paper presents theoretical aspects of the intersystemic translation of legislative texts from Norwegian into German for informative purposes. When comparing legal systems, one differentiates between international, national and supranational legal systems. Since each legal system has its own conceptual system, the prevailing challenge in legal translation (studies) is how to reconcile different conceptual systems and their denominations in two different legal languages. Therefore, it is often argued that the ideal profile for a legal translator should consist of a combination of skills of both lawyers and linguists. In this vein, a case study on recent changes in Norwegian and German family law concerning motherhood/fatherhood is used to illustrate an interdisciplinary approach to translating central concepts from Norwegian into German.


In compiler design there is often a trade-off between compilation time and target code quality. This trade-off is even more delicate in an incremental compiler, where low response time is crucial. Rather than present a single rigid incremental compiler, this paper explores the design of a flexible framework for building incremental compilers. The system described is adaptable to different workloads, source languages, and target architectures. This adaptability is derived from the use of a blackboard architecture for composing incremental components, combined with a common intermediate representation which is designed with incrementality in mind. Incremental techniques for constructing this representation and generating target code are described. The blackboard architecture allows significant freedom in the number and types of optimizations that may be applied to programs. A novel approach to incremental register allocation is presented which maintains this design philosophy.


A wireless passive temperature sensor based on Alumina ceramic is designed and fabricated,where the alumina ceramic substrate is obtained with the overall size of 28 mm×28 mm×0.47 mm through high temperature sintering technology,and passive LC series resonant circuit is printed on the substrate by thick film technology.A wireless test on the sensor is achieved under the temperature from 18 ℃ to 300 ℃.The results show that the temperature sensor demonstrates good linear characteristics,large linear range and low non-linear error.The sensitivity of the sensor on resonant frequency to temperature is about 2.75 kHz / ℃.It can be applied to detect high temperature in harsh environments.


The "Akagare" type symptoms6 > were observed in a field of Birau Agricultural Station in Brunei in 1984. At first, the symptoms were attributed to Tungro disease, but this assumption was not substantiated by subsequent virological studies:x· Then, the possibility of iron toxicity was considered, and the present study was taken up in 1985. The symptoms observed on flag leaves were classified by their type and grade. Of the total of 262 varietal plots including 223 varieties, A type (no symptoms) involved 22.9% of them, B type (spot type symptoms) 67.1 %, and C type (stripe type symptoms with spot type) 3.7% (Table 1). "Disobok", a recommended variety in Brunei, showed the C type symptoms. On the basis of these symptoms and field


As a result of the re-examination of the type-material of Pterygascidia mirabilis Sluiter a lectotype is designated, and the original description of this species is emended on five points. It is concluded that Pterygascidia is related more closely to Ciallusia longa Van Name than was thought previously.


Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) is a reliability challenge due to circuit degradation, which has only received attention after its appearance in the last decade. The problem leads to an increase in the threshold voltage and a decrease in the drive current of p-channel transistors when they are stressed over extended periods of time. In this paper, we use an advanced model for estimating NBTI degradation in order to minimize its impact on a multi-core processor's lifespan through automatic workload management and consequently save power at the same time. We show that our approach saves approximately 9.25% power and increases life expectancy by 3 years while avoiding any negative performance impact. Index Terms — degradation, delay, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), multi-core processor, negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), reaction-diffusion (R-D) model, threshold voltage


For investigation of the risk assessment of Cd and Ni pollution in soil,the authors used geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods,taking the soils in riverbed and farmland of one river in North China as an example.The results showed that the soils from riverbed and farmland near waste smelting center were severely polluted by Cd and Ni,which were higher than the local background soil value.The enrichment degree of heavy metals in riverbed was CdNi,and the Cd reached grade 5(heavy pollution degree).Compared with the local soil background value,the concentration of heavy metals in the river showed serious ecological risk,and the order of potential ecological risk of the two heavy metals was CdNi.


Copyright © The Korean Space Science Society http://janss.kr plSSN: 2093-5587 elSSN: 2093-1409 Received 21 JUL 2016 Revised 19 AUG 2016 Accepted 23 AUG 2016 †Corresponding Author E-mail: email@example.com, ORCID: 0000-0001-5266-1335 Tel: +82-42-865-3235, Fax: +82-42-865-3358 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Technical Paper J. Astron. Space Sci. 33(3), 211-219 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2016.33.3.211


Catering service needs high degree of customer contact.Quality of catering service depends on service encounter subjects.The paper uses Service Encounter Theory to study catering service interaction.Two interactive models of catering service are built based on the analysis of relationships between service encounter subjects and influential factors: emotion and information factors-oriented interactive model,media and time and space factors-oriented interactive model.And then it put forward that management focuses of those two models should be different.


Objective: This review is aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of mothers' health care-seeking behavior and associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: International databases were systematically searched for studies that were published between 2008 and 2019. Data were extracted in Microsoft Excel 2019 and then exported to STATA version 14 for further analysis. Publication bias was determined by funnel plot, Begg's test, and Egger's test. Heterogeneity between the studies was checked by I2 statistic. The pooled proportion was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: This review and meta-analysis included 14 studies from a total of 581 papers that were screened. The pooled proportion of mothers' health care-seeking behavior in Ethiopia was 50.24% (95% CI: 37.13%, 63.35%). Health facility distance (OR = 2.07), awareness about common childhood illnesses (OR = 2.06), educational levels (OR = 1.82), and income (OR = 2.07) were significantly associated variables. Conclusion: The overall health care-seeking behavior of mothers for common childhood illnesses in Ethiopia is low. Accordingly, educating mothers/caregivers about the importance of health care-seeking behavior and increasing the proximity of health facilities were recommended to improve health care-seeking behavior.


During the First World War people from the five continents resided in France and Flanders, mostly in service of of the French and British armies. Besides European settlers, it concerned hundreds of thousands of indigenous inhabitants from many colonies. The two largest subaltern groups who served on the Western Front in British service - each in itself accounting for some 140,000 men - were Asian: from the Indian subcontinent and from China. In my book I investigate not only their motives to join up and the nature of their war service on the Western Front, but above all how these subaltern groups experienced a modern war in Europe and what impact this residence in a Europe-in-war had on their subsequent lives and on the society to which they returned.

A central position in my judgment of their war experiences is their meeting with the European 'other', the local populations who hosted these uninvited guests. I investigate how the European population underwent the confrontation with their non-European guests, but especially which impression the Europeans, their society and their culture made upon the Asian rank and file. In- and outside the Army Indians and Chinese were confronted with different degrees of xenophobia, racism and discrimination, while at the same time friendly engagements with Europeans also occurred. All this lead to a strengthened self- and (proto)national consciousness that manifested itself in initiatives in different domains of human activity: politics, culture, education, ....

Through the comparative perspective, differences as well as similarities between both Asian groups on the Western Front become clear, and parallels can be drawn in their evolution towards a stronger (self)consciousness and an increasing identification with the (proto)nation through their war experiences in Europe. In this respect, so I argue, the war experiences of Indians and Chinese on the Western front contributed to the increasingly anti-imperialist feelings and attitudes in both countries.


Abstract An IBNYR event is one that occurs randomly during some fixed exposure interval and incurs a random delay before it is reported. A previous paper developed a continuous-time model of the IBNYR process in which both the Poisson rate at which events occur and the parameters of the delay distribution are unknown random quantities; a full-distributional Bayesian method was then developed to predict the number of unreported events. Using a numerical example, the success of this approach was shown to depend upon whether or not the occurrence dates were available in addition to the reporting dates. This paper considers the more usual practical situation in which only discretized epoch information is available; this leads to a loss of predictive accuracy, which is investigated by considering various levels of quantization for the same numerical example.


In an attempt to explore better selective medium for E. coli from contaminated foods, dehydration of SMEC medium has been studied.Procedure for preparation of studied SMEC dehydrated culture medium was as follows;Composition of the medium in 1L was, heart infusion, 4g; casamino acid, 15g; Ltryptophan, 0.05g; lactose, 5g; K2HPO4, 4g; KH2PO4, 5g: sodium lauryl sulfate, 0.25g; bile salt, 0.5g and 0.2% BCP, 16ml.Final pH of the medium was 6.2.Rehydration is made by suspending 33.8g of the above mentioned dehydrated medium in 1000ml of distilled water and boiling until the medium dissolves completely. Then, 10mg of streptomycin was added after cooling down of the solution to 4-5°C.After being dispensed into fermentation tubes, tubes were subjected to sterilization at 100°C for 60 minutes.Through application of SMEC dehydrated culture medium to detection of E. coli from various raw meats, following results have been obtained.1. SMEC dehydrated medium showed the best agreement with MPN of presumptive test and MPN completed test against E. coli.2. In the SMEC (at 44.5°C) confirmation test against isolated strain from raw meat, positive rate of E. coli group (including type I, II and III) was 88.6% while that of coliform groups was 7.8%.Above findings were almost identical with the results observed when the original compounded SMEC medium was employed.


We measured the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray angular distribution from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$$(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0})$$^{16}\mathrm{O}$ to the ground state of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ using a pulsed $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ beam at ${E}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1.6$ and $1.4$ MeV. True events of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$$(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0})$$^{16}\mathrm{O}$ were discriminated from background events with a time-of-flight method because of neutrons from $^{13}\mathrm{C}$($\ensuremath{\alpha},n$)$^{16}\mathrm{O}$. The obtained $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrum with anti-Compton NaI(Tl) spectrometers showed a characteristic line shape from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$$(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0})$$^{16}\mathrm{O}$: the Doppler broadening and energy loss of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ targets. A Rutherford backscattering spectrum of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles from enriched $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ targets was measured during beam irradiation to obtain the target thickness and incident $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-beam intensities. The astrophysical $S$ factors for $E1$ and $E2,{S}_{E1}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}:{E}_{\mathrm{eff}})$ and ${S}_{E2}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}:{E}_{\mathrm{eff}})$, derived from the present cross sections are in excellent agreement with the values derived by $R$-matrix calculation of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-delayed $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ spectrum of $^{16}\mathrm{N}$, and by using the asymptotic normalization constant in the $R$-matrix fit.


We study the amplitude modulation of low-frequency, long-wavelength electrostatic drift-wave envelopes in a nonuniform quantum magnetoplasma consisting of cold ions and degenerate electrons. The effects of tunneling associated with the quantum Bohm potential and the Fermi pressure for nonrelativistic degenerate electrons, as well as the equilibrium density and magnetic field inhomogeneities are taken into account. Starting from a set of quantum magnetohydrodynamic equations, we derive a nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) that governs the dynamics of the modulated quantum drift-wave packets. The NLSE is used to study the modulational instability (MI) of a Stoke's wave train to a small plane wave perturbation. It is shown that the quantum tunneling effect as well as the scale length of inhomogeneity plays crucial roles for the MI of the drift-wave packets. Thus, the latter can propagate in the form of bright and dark envelope solitons or as drift-wave rogons in degenerate dense magnetoplasmas.