Coral fragmentation isd a naturaS process of asexual reproduction in many coral species. Fragment size is belived to be an important factor of fragment survival at least in some species. The degradation of coral reefs and its poor recovery in some localities had brought different management plans in coral transplantation. In this study we examined in controlled conditions the variation in fragment growth rates of six different scleractinian species belonging to two different growth forms. We showed that fragment growth rates increased over our 6 month survey and that Pocillopora damicornis exhibited the highest growth rate followed in decresing order by S. pistillata, montipora sp., S. caliendrum, Echinopora sp. and T. reniformis wich may reflects their life history strategy, but also a difference in their surface-to-volume ratio as well as a differene in their skeletal density. Then, for each species, we determined whether growth rates might be affected by fragment size. We showed that there a positive significant relationship between growth rate and fragment size, depending, however on the interval time and the species considered. Differene in physiological resources allocation through a colony lifetime and genetic limitations in colony size may be related to our results. However, as in the wild many other parameters such as predation, can alsa play a role in fragment survivorship, we suggested that fragment size is an important parameter to take into account to successfully recover local coral population.


Workers at London companies are getting their immunisations on time thanks to a nurse on a motorbike. Margaret Fox, operations manager at the private company Doctorcall, rides pillion on a limo-bike to beat the traffic and the congestion charges as she travels from patient to patient. 'I find it quite enjoyable to be out in the fresh air and it's good to be on the back of a bike with a rider who knows what he is doing,' Ms Fox said.


In Reply. —Dr Regestein rightly points to the difficulties inherent in discovering and treating drug abuse. I have seen no evidence, however, demonstrating that nondeceptive methods used in prospective human studies of practices such as drug abuse need be more cumbersome than deceptive ones. One purpose of my article was precisely to suggest that it was premature to leap to such a conclusion before exploring alternative methods. Regestein speculates that some drug abusers might welcome deceptive means to detect their habits as a step toward treatment. But the point of the blinded studies discussed in my article is that individual subjects will not be thus identified. As for therapeutic relationships more generally, all available evidence underscores the crucial importance of establishing a relationship of trust between drug abusers and their caretakers. I agree with Regestein in stressing the need to limit individual freedom, at times, for the sake of the


Background. The research deals with career choosing by secondary school leavers and students of medical higher education institutions. It analyzes social characteristics of senior medical students. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire among 200 respondents. They were fourthand sixth-year students of a general medicine department. Results. The results of the research showed gender differences among students (not only in quantity but also in age): male students were fewer than female, and the first group was a year older than the second group. Besides, there were some gender differences in motivation to enter a medical higher education institution: male students pointed out the family tradition as their main factor of motivation, while female students stated that they had entered the university following their parents' advice. At the same time the choice of medical concentration of both sexes was alike all the students wanted to become specialized doctors in future: ultrasonographers, endoscopists, ENT specialists, eye specialists, etc. All the students planned to work in city hospitals after graduation. Conclusion. Among senior students almost half of them (50,9 %) were from Astrakhan region villages, towns and villages of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia. More than a half of senior students (58,2 %) were female. 54,5 % of the graduates tended to become specialized doctors, 17,3 % wanted to be obstetricians-gynaecologists, 16,5 % planned to become surgeons, 11 % wanted to be physicians and 1 % chose the profession of general practitioner.


In this chapter,G,,e will be analysing two economic instruin~nts for pollution control: pollution taxes and fradeable perm~ We do this in the context of the practical application of these instruments to real-world pollution control problems. To be more precise, . we assume that society has set some specified target for pollution reduction. This t arget will be assumed to be different from the optimal level of pollution which, as we argued in the previous chapter, is virtually impossible to identify in any case.[fargets instead will be assumed to have been set through the political process, using scientific inputs on likely damages, and economi~ inputs on both damage c~sts and control co~ Such targets are typically of two types.@ie first is a target reduction in emissions output, across a specified set of dischargers. Examples of such targets include the US government's target reduction of 10 million. tons, over 1980 levels, of S02 emissions from power stations, and a reduction of 2 million. tons in NOx emissions, under the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments. Another example of a load reduction target is the national reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emi~sions agreed to under the Kyoto protoc~ ee second type is a target improvement in ambient environmental quality. An example here is the range of target improvements in ambient water quality paramete~ adopted as 'environmental quality standards' by the Environment Agency in England. Thus, the Agericy may have an objective of increasing dissolved oxygen levels in an estuary up to 8 mg/1, through a policy of reducing discharges of substances exerting a biological oxygen demand (BOD) in the estuary. O~her ~~~a1E£_~~~.£.L~.ill.ill~.nLt !.1ilEs>nmen_!qlJ:arg.ets-iIK~--the'Tollowing:


Abstract In responding to the other participants in the Symposium on Plato's Philosophers I attempt to clarify the reasons for, and the results of, my attempt to bring out the interrelations among the dialogues in order to determine what Plato thought. Recognizing that the indications of the dramatic dates of some the dialogues are controversial, I argue that the dates point to an over-arching narrative–the story of the rise, development, and limitations of Socratic philosophy. Plato uses his other philosophers—the Athenian Stranger, Parmenides, Timaeus, and the Eleatic Stranger—to bring out the problems that gave rise to Socratic philosophy and the limitations of his responses. Plato makes Socrates his "hero," because Socrates provides the best account of the human beings who engage in the search for wisdom. By contrasting him with the other philosophers, Plato dramatizes the insoluble problems that make philosophy always a search for wisdom.


[Background] Anaerobic fungi can be inhibited by nitrovin. The presence of associated methanogens enhances the growth of anaerobic fungi and the decomposition of lignocellulose by 112 微生物学通报 Microbiol. China Tel: 010-64807511; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; http://journals.im.ac.cn/wswxtbcn anaerobic fungi. However, few studies have investigated the effect of the co-cultured methanogens on stress resistance of anaerobic fungi. [Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of associated methanogen on the resistance of anaerobic fungus to nitrovin. [Methods] Mono-culture of anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. and co-culture of Piromyces sp. and Methanobrevibacter thaueri were inoculated into fresh media with rice straw as substrate, respectively. Nitrovin hydrochloride was added to the final concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 25 mg/L-nitrovin. Bottles were incubated at 39 °C for 96 h without shaking. Gas production and methane production were measured at intervals. At the end of fermentation, the pH was determined immediately upon removing crimp-seals and stoppers. Samples were collected for the analysis of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, digestibility of acid detergent solution and digestibility of acid detergent fiber. The water-soluble end-products including formate, lactate and acetate were measured as well. [Results] In the mono-culture, nitrovin (5, 10 and 25 mg/L) significantly reduced the fermentation activity of anaerobic fungus (P<0.05). In the co-culture, no significant difference was observed when adding 5 mg/L nitrovin (P>0.05). However, the fermentation activity was significantly depressed at the concentrations of 10 and 25 mg/L. At the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L nitrovin, the fermentation activity of the co-culture was significantly higher than the mono-culture (P<0.05). [Conclusion] A dose effect of nitrovin on the fermentation of anaerobic fungal mono-culture and co-culture was observed. The presence of associated methanogen enhanced the resistance of anaerobic fungus to nitrovin when the concentration of nitrovin was less than 25 mg/L.


Russia's institutions on non-territorial cultural autonomy (NTCA) can be broadly situated within the country's "political community," in the sense that they – for the most part – recognize the government's rules of engagement and its role as decision-maker, leading to an overarching consensus and pursuit of shared objectives. At the same time, they remain at the periphery of the political community. This article outlines the reasons for NTCA institutions' peripherality and limited influence upon Russia's minority policies. Such reasons are linked to external factors (Russia's undemocratic political system), but also to conditions intrinsic to NTCA institutions themselves (forms of "passivity" and (non-)participation, and blurred boundaries between NTCA institutions and state actors). The interaction of such factors generates the noted prevailing consensus between NTCA institutions and the Russian state. Interview data further reveal that representatives of NTCA institutions are far from monolithic: the said external and internal factors affect them in different ways, resulting in variations in forms of consensus and cooperation with state actors. This, in turn, allows for multiple interpretative frameworks of state-civil society coexistence in the sphere of Russia's diversity management.


In this paper we present an annotated corpus which can be used for training and testing algorithms to automatically extract information about diseases outbreaks from news and health reports. We also propose initial approaches to extract information from it. The corpus has been constructed with two main tasks in mind. The first one, to extract entities about outbreaks such as disease, host, location among others. The second one, to retrieve relations among entities, for instance, in such geographic location fifteen cases of a given disease were reported. Overall, our goal is to offer resources and tools to perform an automated analysis so as to support early detection of disease outbreaks and therefore diminish their spreading.


A systematic procedure is developed to estimate additional highway costs associated with rail branch line abandonment. The procedure is tested in an area in south-central Kansas where three Missouri Pacific (MP) branch lines were recently placed in the Interstate Commerce Commission's Category I abandonment classification. Results suggest that the procedure can be used to estimate additional damages to county, municipal or city, and state road systems resulting from branch line abandonment. Abandoning the three MP branch lines in south-central Kansas will result in an estimated additional annual truck damage to Kansas rural highways amounting to $138,274 for farm-to-elevator movements of grain. Incremental road damage cost caused by rail abandonment is estimated at $55,961 per year for intercity grain traffic. The procedure also reflects the abilities of intercity and farm-to-elevator road systems to absorb additional grain traffic resulting from branch line abandonments. An additional bushel of grain moved 1 mi by truck is estimated to cause additional damage to roads amounting to 0.90 cent for farm-to-elevator routes while costing only 0.17 cent for intercity routes. A combination of local roads, collectors, and minor arterials generally composes a farm-to-elevator route, whereas a combination of minor and major arterials and Interstates composes an intercity route. The same procedure can be used to estimate incremental road maintenance costs of rail abandonment for other types of traffic.


Deep level defects produced by quenching from 1175 degrees C silicon doped with Au, Ag, Fe, Cu or Ni have been observed using transient capacitance spectroscopy. In both Au- and Ag-doped samples a hole trap at Ev+0.48 eV was observed, with an electron trap at Ec-0.28 eV present in the Au-doped material. In quenched, Fe-doped samples three hole traps were observed (Ev+0.32 eV, Ev+0.39 eV, Ev+0.40 eV), in agreement with previous measurements. In both Cu- and Ni-doped samples, one hole trap was observed (Ev+0.53 eV for Cu, Ev+0.33 eV for Ni), which was also seen in the as-diffused material. Undoped samples displayed a quenched-in, hole trapping defect at Ev+0.43 eV. All defect states, with the exception of the Ev+0.40 eV Fe-interstitial centre, were neutralised to a depth of about 7 mu m by a 2 h exposure at 200 degrees C to a low-pressure hydrogen plasma. Results are also given for the motion of the Ev+0.40 eV Fe-related centre and the Ec-0.28 eV Au-related centre under the action of the electric field in reverse-biased junction diodes. Using a simplified treatment mobilities at 25 degrees C of 9*10-15 cm2V-1s-1 for the Ev+0.40 eV state, and 2*10-15 cm2V-1s-1 for the Ec-0.28 eV state were estimated.


AN INVESTMENT PROJECT USUALLY LASTS FOR MANY YEARS. To determine if the project should be implemented, the net present value of the project is considered the most satisfactory criterion for use in its economic appraisal. This criterion requires the use of a discount rate in order to be able to compare the benefits and costs that arise in different time periods over the life of the investment. The economic opportunity cost of capital (EOCK) is the appropriate discount rate to use when estimating the economic net present value of a project. This hurdle rate applies not only to investments financed solely with public funds but also to investments in the form of joint public-private ventures and the provision of fiscal incentives to private investment. If the economic net present value of the project is greater than zero, the project is potentially worth implementing. This implies that the project would generate more net economic benefits than if the resources had been used elsewhere in the economy. On the other hand, if the net present value is less than zero, the project should be rejected on the ground that the resources invested could be put to better use if they were left to be allocated by the capital market. This paper describes an analytical framework that will enable us to estimate the economic cost of capital in South Africa.


This article discusses the use of the culture concept in political science and IR theory. Providing a variety of examples of the influence of culture on political processes, the article illustrates the real need to incorporate cultural analysis in the understanding of politics and political conflict today. However, the article warns against simplistic understandings of what 'culture' is, and how it can be incorporated in explanatory frameworks. It seems that the notion of 'culture' that most political scientists and IR scholars have adopted was one that anthropologists deconstructed and left behind several decades ago. The article critically discusses the 'culturalist' approach proposed by Samuel Huntington, and makes the basic criticism that Huntington conflates the descriptive and analytical levels, and hence essentialises both 'culture' and 'civilization'. Furthermore, Huntington seriously fails to address the cultural dynamics that may under certain circumstances lead to political conflict.


Objective To study the gene mutation in mitochondrial DNA in the patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies,and the pathogenic mechanism of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Methods We studied the characteristics of clinical features and brain CT in 5 patients with mitochondrial encephalomypathies. We used the method of PCR to amplify DNA extracted from muscle specimens from these patients. Then the DNA fragments were digested with the restriction enzyme BglⅠand ApaⅠ,and electrophoresed through 10%PAGE. Results The clinical characteristics of 5 patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies,including 3 patients with MELAS and 2 patients with MERRF,were consistent with the finding of other doctors in studying the disease. And we also looked for A→G transient at position 3243 in 1 of 3 patients with MELAS as well as 8344 in 1 of 2 patients with MERRF. Another patient with MERRF had the point mutations at nucleotide 3243 and 8344.And the 2 familial patients with MELAS had no A→G transient at position nt3243 and 8344. Conclusion There was a correlation between the point mutation at nt3243 and MELAS,or at nt8344 and MERRF. There may be two point mutations at nt3243 and nt8344 in the patient with MERRF. Clinical features are still the main basis to diagnose and classify mitochondrial encephalomypathies.


It discloses a method and apparatus for performing a useful minimally invasive procedures oviduct diagnosis. In at least one embodiment, the proximal opening of the oviduct, is accessed via a intrauterine approach; liquid tight seal with the introducer catheter is inserted is entering the cannula proximal opening of the fallopian tube is formed; second catheter inside the introduction catheter, is provided by following the length of the fallopian tubes to come out into the abdominal cavity; is inflated the end of the balloon of the second catheter, and the balloon tubal the distal opening is retracted the second catheter until sealing; is substantially performed cleaning throughout the length of tubal; cleaning fluid is recovered for cytology or cell analysis.


Pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage (PSAH) is an infrequent entity characterized by findings in noncontrast head computed tomography that mimic subarachnoid hemorrhage, but without evidence of blood products in further studies. It has been associated with multiple etiologies, with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation as the leading cause in literature. Clinical context and attenuation levels measured in Hounsfield Units should be taken into consideration when establishing the differential diagnosis between these entities. The case of a patient with PSAH of multifactorial etiology is presented.


The design of an expert fuzzy control system which applies expert system theory and fuzzy control theory to temperature control process is described.The experimental results show that this temperature expert fuzzy control system has good control effect.


This paper discusses on the features and processing course of th e gear wheel with hard alloy tooth surface, introduces the structure and the cutti ng principle of the hard alloy hobbing cutter, and the superiority of the hard a lloy hobbing cutter in aspect of processing the gear wheel with hard alloy tooth surface, analyzes the economic benefit brought about by the hard alloy hobbing cutter, and points out that the hard alloy hobbing cutter possesses wide popular izing and applying value in the production.


The present article represents a modest contribution to the tolerance policy of the Emperor Joseph the Second in Transylvania and in Partium, especially in the region ofBihor and they want to examine the influx of Josephine politics regarding the activity of the Greek-Catholic Eparchy of Oradea. The Eparchy, in its first decade of existence, recorded a spontaneous growth becoming the political and cultural centre of Romanians from Transylvania and Hungary. Its geographic position (close to Buda, Wien and Tarnavia) permitted, comparing to other towns, a faster penetration of the ideological currents of the ages which were: the josephisme, the illuminisme, the echo of the French Revolution, and the development of a consistent cultural activity. The religious reforms of the Emperor Joseph the Second were at the highest point with the Edict of Tolerance of October the 13th 1781, delivered at Linz for the Superior Austria and its successive applications.


Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer has been suggested to be one of the early events in the development of androgen independence. In the human prostate cancer LNCaP cell line, treatment with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) induces NE‐like differentiation, which is similar to the phenomena observed in advanced stages of prostate cancer progression. In this study, we investigate how androgen plays a role in IL‐6‐mediated NE differentiation in LNCaP cell line.


The term 'riser recoil' refers to the situation when the lower end of a top tensioned riser is released, and the riser is lifted up by the riser tensioner and/or top motion compensator system on the supporting vessel. The elastic energy stored in the riser is then released, and the riser 'recoils'. This paper focuses on the case of planned disconnect. Recoil of Marine Drilling Risers has been the subject of several research papers over the past two decades. Some examples are listed in references [2] through [7]. Completion and Work Over (CWO) risers are unique in the sense that they may be simultaneously connected to both the riser tensioner system and the top motion compensator system of a drilling vessel. A Marine Drilling riser, on the other hand, is only connected to the riser tensioner system. Typically the riser tensioner system has a stroke of ± 8–9 m, whereas the top motion compensator system has only ± 3.5–4 m. It is imperative that the connector is lifted clear of the subsea structure in order to avoid damage to the equipment after the riser has been disconnected. The operating window for planned disconnect of CWO risers is severely limited by the available stroke of the top motion compensator. One of the purposes of the disconnect analysis is to establish the maximum wave height at which there is still sufficient clearance between the connector and the subsea structure after disconnect. Previous experience has shown that this may be the governing limitation for workover operations. The current industry practice is to use a regular wave approach in the analysis. The wave frequency is varied in order to find the maximum response, and hence one is actually searching for the extreme response, without paying attention to the probability that this will occur. In this paper a new method is presented, where the analysis is based on an irregular wave approach and the Monte Carlo technique, using time-domain simulations. Acceptance criteria are established based on a stochastic analysis, and are based on target levels of probability of exceedance. The results are documented through a case study of a typical CWO riser system connected to a semi-submersible in typical North Sea environmental conditions. The semi-submersible and the CWO riser system are exposed to both regular and irregular waves. Comparison of the resulting allowable wave height indicates that using the approach presented here with irregular waves will give a considerable increase in the operating window, and the resulting operability, compared to a regular wave analysis.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


With the increase in the complexity of VLSI circuit design, logic design errors can occur during synthesis. In this work, we present a method for multiple design error diagnosis and correction. Our approach uses the results of test vector simulation for both error detection and error correction. This makes it applicable to circuits with no global BDD representation. In addition, diagnosis is performed through an implicit enumeration of potentially erroneous lines in an effort to avoid the exponential explosion of the error space. Experimental results on ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits show that our approach can typically detect and correct 1, 2 and 3 errors within seconds of CPU time.


The research and exploitation state about bioflocculants are summarized. It clarifies the background of developing bioflocculant, and the screening, appraising and culture conditions of flocculant producing biology. The structure, component of the bioflocculants and flocculating mechanism are analysed. Their application is listed here. Finally, it provides the exploitation and the new study methods.


Economists believe that money supply or money stock relates to the total amount of money available in an economy at a particular point in time either exogenously determined by the Central bank or endogenously determined by changes in the economic activities, which affects people's desire to hold currency relative to deposits or rate of interest. Therefore, what role or impact does the injection and withdrawal of money stock into the economy has on the economic growth performance in Nigeria and what are the trends of such contribution to the Nigerian economy. This paper in providing solution to the above question therefore uses the ordinary least square method of simple regression models to analyze the effect of the injection and withdrawal of money stock on real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as examining the transmission channel of the relationship between growth and money stock index covering the period of 1970 to 2008. In conclusion, observation of the theoretical and empirical analysis indicates that, injection of money stock into the economy tends to reduce interest rate thereby increasing investment. The study therefore recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria needs to develop a strategic plan to deal with failing banks as well as deals with monetary policy in a more transparent manner so as to address the issues of expectations as inflation exhibits a high degree of inertia. Keywords: Injection, withdrawal, money stock, economic growth.


Security and quality of supply continue to be major concern of power system operators. Thus, the expansion of transmission grids is certainly one of the major drivers to achieve this goal. In this scope, this paper presents a three-stage approach to solve the multi-year Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) problem. This approach uses heuristic algorithms coupled with the Harmony Search (HS) metaheuristic and the Branch & Bound (B&B) algorithm. This hybrid method (HS-B&B) aims at finding the optimal multi-stage investment plan avoiding load shedding over the planning horizon. In this work, the AC-Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is used to model the network as a way to consider the real operation conditions of the system. The method was validated using the Garver and the IEEE RTS 24 bus systems. Results demonstrate the reduction of computational effort without compromising the quality of the TEP.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ozagrel combined Buflomedil injection in treatment of vertebral-basilar artery insufficiency.Methods All of 100 patients were randomly divided into treatment group(with Ozagrel Buflomedil + SM) and the control group(SM) groups,to observe the efficacy and healing time;two groups before and after treatment of vertebral average basilar artery TCD velocity changes.Results The total effective rate was 92.0%,significantly higher(P0.05).Treatment group,the average healing time was significantly shorter than the control group(P0.05).Treatment group in the left vertebral artery TAV,the right vertebral artery TAV,TAV basilar artery after treatment than the control group improved more significantly.Conclusion Ozagrel and BUFLOMEDIL injection in the treatment of vertebral-basilar artery insufficiency is effective,worthy of promotion.


The author describes the legal regulation of rural loan-saving partnerships which was defined in the Regulation about Small Loan Establishments approved by Emperor Nikolai II in 1895, distinguishing some norms from the Regulation that controlled loan-saving partnerships management and activities the author compares them with the norms that controlled other types of small loan establishments, analyzes in detail the major regulations of loan-saving partnerships standard charter approved by the Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire on April 13, 1896 and reveals the positive and negative aspects of the law.


OBJECTIVE
To discuss the origin of occupational stress among petrochemical industry workers and to access the main occupational stressors that impact job satisfaction and mental health of petrochemical industry workers.

METHODS
A survey on occupational stressor was carried out by Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) in 532 petrochemical industry workers (345 chemical and 187 logistic workers).

RESULTS
The environment in workplace of chemical group was worse than that of contrast. The chemical workers had less control over job and they experienced more hazards, monotonous as well as role stressors than the logistic group. The scores of job satisfaction and mental health of chemical group (36.867 +/- 0.656, 43.734 +/- 0.542, respectively) were higher than that of contrast (40.321 +/- 0.901, 46.714 +/- 0.745, respectively) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The occupational stressors exist in chemical workers which affect chemical workers' job satisfaction and mental health with different levels.


The utility model discloses an easy withdrew plug, comprising a standard plug body and a contact slice for connecting wire, wherein a moveable ram made of insulated materials is arranged in the central part of the standard plug body. Because a ram is arranged on this utility model, when the plug is pulled out, via the pressure of the thumbnail of one hand, the ram would not move, the plug would be conveniently pulled out by the forefinger and the middle finger of a same hand, the plug would be conveniently pulled out without the two hands, so when The utility model is operated, the hand only acts on the ram clip plate and the plug, neither to use the contact plug, nor to touch the lower part of the plug, so avoid the occurrence of electric shock, thus The utility model is much more safer. The utility model will not change the size of the current plug with a simple structure and a low cost, which is used conveniently.


Financial statement fraud is a misrepresentation and intentional concealment of facts on account values in the financial statements which results in irrelevant financial information. Fraudulent financial statements can lead to internal and external conflicts within a company that can harm decision makers. This study aims to determine the effect of the fraud hexagon which consists of pressure (external pressure), capability (change of director's), opportunity (nature of industry), rationalization (auditor's opinion), arrogance (frequent number of CEO's picture), and collusion (government projects) simultaneously or partially against fraudulent financial statements on LQ 45 index companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. This study uses purposive sampling technique in determining the sample in order to obtain 24 companies in the LQ 45 index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses a descriptive type of research with logistic regression analysis techniques using SPSS 25 software. The results of this study indicate that pressure, capability, opportunity, rationalization, arrogance, and collusion have a simultaneous effect on financial statement fraud. The partial test results show that rationalization, arrogance have a positive effect and pressure, capability, opportunity, collusion have no effect on financial statement fraud on LQ 45 index companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period.


Hybrid energy storage systems( HESS) play an important role in electric vehicles. This paper mainly focuses on a hardware-in-the-loop( HIL) test bench for testing the performance of HESS. The scenario of an induction motor and a DC motor was proposed. The induction motor was used as a traction motor while the DC motor worked as the load and moment of inertia of the vehicle. Speed control was implemented on the induction motor while torque control was applied to the DC motor. The speed,torque and power of the traction motor were obtained from a simple drive cycle based on real parameters. The motor speed was given as a reference of the induction motor while the load torque was used as a reference of the DC motor. The speed control system of the induction motor and the torque control of the DC motor were analyzed and designed. Meanwhile,the speed control system of the induction motor was modeled. Adaptive fuzzy neural-network control was proposed to achieve high accuracy due to the low accuracy of PID control. Simulation and experimental results agreed with the proposal. The test bench follows the reference speed and reference torque well.


A two-parameter field theoretical representation is given of a 2-dimensional dirty d-wave superconductor that interpolates between the Gaussian limit of uncorrelated weak disorder and the unitary limit of a dilute concentration of resonant scatterers. It is argued that a duality holds between these two regimes from which follows that a linearly vanishing density of states in the Gaussian limit transforms into a diverging one in the unitary limit arbitrarily close to the Fermi energy.


Abstract
 This paper investigates some features of non-linear travel time models for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) that adopt traffic on the link as the sole determinant for the calculation of travel time and have explicit relationships between travel time and traffic on the link. Analytical proofs and numerical examples are provided to show first-in-first-out (FIFO) violation and the behaviour of decreasing outflow with increasing traffic in non-linear travel time models. It is analytically shown that any non-linear travel time model could violate FIFO in some circumstances, especially when inflow drops sharply, and some convex non-linear travel time models could show behaviour with outflow decreasing as traffic increases. It is also shown that the linear travel time model does not show these behaviours. A non-linear travel time model in general form was used for analytical proofs and several existing non-linear travel time models were adopted for numerical examples. Considering the features addressed in this study, non-linear travel time models seem to have limitations for use in DTA in practical terms and care should be taken when they are used for modelling time-varying transportation networks.


The core editorial team of w/k, which consists of Peter Tepe, Anna-Sophie Jürgens and Till Bödeker, strives to win specialists for certain aspects of the major topic "Art and Science", which have not yet been sufficiently presented in the online journal. Recently Angelika Boeck joined the team, whom we warmly welcome. In her article, she explains which accents she wants to set in w/k in the future.


Elongation and elevation of palatal shelves, mainly caused by proliferation and extra‐cellular matrix synthesis of palatal mesenchymal cells (PMCs), are essential for normal palatal development. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) pathway could induce proliferation inhibition and collagen synthesis in PMCs. Recent studies found that miRNA‐17‐92 (miR‐17‐92) cluster, including miR‐17, miR‐18a, miR‐19a, miR‐20a, miR‐19b, and miR‐92a, expressed in the 1st bronchial arch of mouse embryos during the period of palatal shelf elongation and elevation, and directly targeted TGFB pathway in cancer cell lines. Whether miR‐17‐92 cluster expresses and targets TGFB pathway in PMCs has not yet been studied. Using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR, we found that miR‐17‐92 expressed in PMCs and decreased from embryonic day (E) 12 to E14 in palatal shelves. MTT assay and Western blot showed that miR‐17‐92 inhibited TGFB1 induced proliferation inhibition and collagen synthesis in PMCs by decreasing TGFBR2, SMAD2, and SMAD4 protein level. Further luciferase assay showed that miR‐17 and miR‐20a directly targeted 3′UTR of TGFBR2, and that miR‐18a directly targeted 3′UTR of SMAD2 and SMAD4. We thus conclude that miR‐17‐92 cluster could inhibit TGFB pathway induced proliferation inhibition and collagen synthesis in PMCs by directly targeting TGFBR2, SMAD2, and SMAD4. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1235–1244, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global health crisis that has spread to almost every country in the world and has affected all aspects of human life. All sporting events - including the Tokyo Olympics, for the first time in the history of the modern Games - have been canceled or postponed without any clear indication of how or when they will be resolved. The present study focused on Greek runners and variables that influence decision-making when deciding which race to compete in during the COVID-19 season. The study used a set of data from 621 Greek respondents who answered the electronic questionnaire of this study. Research hypotheses were tested. The modeling and processing of the data was done by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirmed that there are some issues of the race destination and the conditions, which concern the Greek runners due to the pandemic. The conclusions are useful mainly for the practitioners and the authorities involved in the organization of races to organize safe events that will attract runners and therefore tourists and visitors to their areas.


A theory of educational opportunity that combines adequacy and equity arguments is informed by examining two popular philosophies of resource distribution. Amy Gutmann's democratic threshold theory provides an adequacy argument that mirrors in several ways arguments that have held favor in educational policy. Similarly, the distributive justice theories of John Rawls parallel the logic opined in several key school finance cases. The Rawlsian influence is particularly strong in developing connections between educational opportunities and the expression or enjoyment of basic liberties.


Introduction: In patients with cancer, the appearance of metastases in the lung greatly diminishes the prospect for survival. Therefore, it is critical to develop markers that can detect lung metastases early when treatment options still exist. To this end, Leuschner et al. recently reported a novel super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) that was conjugated with the lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), the receptors of which are over-expressed in breast cancer cells (1). Leuschner showed that these SPIONs accumulate in primary and metastatic tumors in linear proportion to the number of cancer cells present. A logical next step is to use these cancer-targeted SPIONs for detection of lung metastases in a live animal. However, since SPIONs create their contrast by shortening T2*, their detection in lung tissue by H MRI is problematic because T2* is already exceedingly short. However, hyperpolarized (HP) He has a considerably longer T2* (∼8 ms) in the airspaces of the lung because the He atoms are motionally narrowed (2). Therefore, we tested whether He MR imaging with long echo times (1 ≥ TE ≥ 8 ms) could be used to report the accumulation of SPIONs in metastatic cancer cells in the lung.


Experiments in many fields of science and engineering yield data in the form of time series. The Fourier and wavelet transform-based nonparametric methods are used widely to study the spectral characteristics of these time series data. Here, we extend the framework of nonparametric spectral methods to include the estimation of Granger causality spectra for assessing directional influences. We illustrate the utility of the proposed methods using synthetic data from network models consisting of interacting dynamical systems.


Ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering is employed to probe the local and long wavelength collective structure of ternary mixtures of silica nanoparticles suspended in concentrated solutions of polyethy...


The oil well structure is comprised of stratum, concrete sheath and the steel casing. In petroleum engineering, the liquid concrete is usually poured into the annular gap between the well bore and the steel casing to form a concrete sheath. During the solidification process of the concrete, its volume and mechanical parameters may vary with time and the chemical solidification stresses will therefore be generated. At the same time, the concrete sheath is under the loading of the ground stresses and the hydraulic pressure of the drilling fluid in the casing. Nowadays, most of the researchers calculate the stresses distribution of the oil well concrete sheath based on the external loading only and the solidification process is ignored. In this work, an interference fitting algorithm in consideration of the concrete solidification process is proposed and the external loads such as ground stresses and drilling fluid hydraulic pressure in the steel casing are also considered. The calculated results show that the stresses of the concrete sheath are mainly dependent upon the hydraulic pressure of the liquid concrete and the chemical solidification stresses, rather than the external loads. In addition, an experimental facility used to simulate the oil well structure under the ground stresses is designed in this work, and the results of the experiment verified the conclusion mentioned above.


of each part an explanatory section introduces the activities which follow. Other features of the book are extensive bibliographies, photographs of children at play, and diagrams of play areas. The professional educator will be most interested in the discussion of basic factors underlying the suggested program of physical activities as presented in the Introduction. Some of the points brought out by the authors are based on broad assumptions, but there are also sound recommendations drawn from research findings in child development and physical education. A wealth of usable suggestions can be found among those given by the authors for overcoming inadequacies in school programs. After making a strong plea for greater emphasis on physical education in the early elementary-school years, O'Keefe and Fahey give the criteria used in selecting the activities advocated in the remainder of the book. The next part of their Introduction is concerned with fundamental principles underlying an effective program. Then comes the book's unique contribution, a detailed description of characteristics of elementaryschool children at various age levels as they relate to physical interests and capacities. With increasing attention to procedures and techniques, succeeding sections of the Introduction treat the topics of objectives, posture, safety, time allotments, equipment, and evaluation of programs. Even though many of the authors' ambitious suggestions for a well-organized program of activities cannot be carried out in crowded schools because of deficiencies in playgrounds, building space, and equipment or because of the inadequacy of the staff, the book is recommended as a valuable aid to teachers of limited background and as a guide to the improvement of programs in physical education and recreation for children in the elementary schools.


Observational studies have consistently shown a relationship between whole grain (WG) intake and lower body weight and body weight gain over time. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not established a consistent causal relationship between WG intake and body weight. There are several plausible mechanisms for how WGs may be able to influence body weight, particularly through effects on appetite and energy intake. Recently, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated WG intake and the relationship to body weight in observational studies and RCTs, as well as relationships to appetite and energy intake in RCTs. This review summarizes these recent findings and explores how modest changes in short-term appetite may impact energy intake and body weight in the long term. In addition, reasons for possible inconsistencies in RCTs and observational studies on body weight will be discussed, as well as the limitations of the current research and future opportunities to improve the relevance of the research for public health.


In the article a number of modern ideological systems is examined; among them a special emphasis is placed on multiculturalism, on its being revealed at the social, cultural and language levels. These three levels are studied together on the ground of the "dynamic model" notion, which characterizes the processes taking place in the society, as well as the cultural and language processes.


In this short review I show the important role played by ApoC-III in the lipid dysregulation present in the majority of cardiovascular diseases. With an emphasis on the mutations present in a minority of individuals that confer protection. With this in mind I state that Apoc-III should be considered a valid target for pharmaceutical intervention and cardiovascular disease control and progression. INTRODUCTION As the body of evidence grows for apolipoprotein C-III's (apoC-III) role in normal lipid homeostasis as well as its role in cardiovascular diseases, apoC-III is being put under the magnifying glass as a target for pharmacological [1], [2]. Studies first done on transgenic and knockout mice have given insights into the function of apoC-III. The overexpression of apoC-III in mice has resulted in severe hypertriglyceridemia [3], while endogenous apoC-III deficiency decreases plasma triglycerides [4]. The overall effects of apoC-III modulation in mice models are supported by genetic association studies in various human populations [5]. High levels of apoC-III play a direct role in hypertriglyceridemia [6], as hypertriglyceridemia is associated with metabolic syndrome, which in its self has a plethora of pathological consequences.


A simple technique to measure the minority carrier mobility using a bipolar junction transistor is demonstrated. By fixing the base-emitter voltage, the carrier injection into the base is constant. The collector current is then monitored as a function of a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the current transport across the base. The magnetic field leads to an increase in base transit time and a corresponding decrease in collector current. From the resulting fractional change in collector current, the minority carrier mobility in the base can be determined. For narrow base transistors, quasiballistic transport across the base must be taken into account when determining the bulk minority carrier mobility.


The volatile compounds from the Black Sea brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria were obtained by distillation-extraction and investigated by GC/MS. Different groups of compounds were identified: hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, terpenes. The functions of some of the volatile compounds are discussed. The results obtained enrich the data for the volatiles of other brown algae investigated earlier, which occupied different evolutionary positions.


We have developed a gain flattening filter (GFF) for an erbium doped fiber (EDF) without temperature control systems. This GFF, which consists of temperature-sensitive long period gratings (LPGs) and a temperature compensated slanted fiber Bragg grating (SFBG), follows the gain shift of EDF with temperature. Gain variation of the EDFA less than 0.25dBp-p was achieved with the bandwidth of 37nm, and the temperature range 0-65℃ without any temperature control systems.


This paper employs system-GMM technique to examine whether foreign-aid specifically targeted for trade promotion (Aid-for-Trade or AFT) helps aid-receiving countries improve their export performance, as measured by export level, export growth, and the change in export-GDP ratio. System-GMM is used to control for the underlying endogeneity problem as well as to capture dynamic behavior of the relation over time. We find positive and significant effect of AFT on multiple measures of export performance. However, the targeted aid is found to exhibit diminishing returns, thus reinforcing the idea of AFT's important but limited role in the export promotion of aid recipients.


Summary This study examined the relation between three aspects of 189 third-through eighth-grade children's social cognition (interpersonal understanding, perceived social self-competence, and public self awareness) and parents' assessments of children's social skills and personal adjustment. Children's low performance on all three social cognition tasks was significantly related to parents' perceptions of many social skills problems. Parents' perceptions of general child maladjustment were significantly related to children's low performance on the interpersonal understanding and perceived social self-competence tasks. The results are consistent with previous findings of a positive relation between children's social cognition and their interpersonal competence.


Traditionally acute leukaemia was classified, on the basis of morphology and cytochemistry, as myeloid or lymphoid. The advent of immunophenotyping meant that it was possible to make a definite rather than presumptive diagnosis of ALL. It also became possible to recognize as myeloid cases in which the leukaemic cells were either megakaryoblasts or very primitive myeloid cells that showed immunophenotypic but not cytochemical evidence of myeloid differentiation. The FAB cooperative group clarified and codified the morphological-immunophenotypic classification of acute leukaemia [1]. Subsequently the increasing use of cytogenetic analysis led to the realization that there were sub-types of acute leukaemia characterized by a specific karyotypic abnormality, most often a translocation. By considering cytogenetic information as well as the FAB morphological-immunophenotypic classification it was possible to arrive at a morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic (MIC) classification [2, 3]. During the last decade there has been an explosion of knowledge of the molecular nature of acute leukaemia. Leukaemia, like any other neoplasm, can be viewed as an acquired genetic disease. A somatic mutation occurs in a haemopoietic stem cell and gives the progeny of that cell a growth advantage over normal polyclonal haemopoietic cells. Clonal expansion occurs with the clone derived from the mutant cell replacing normal bone marrow cells. It is likely that it is the precise alteration in DNA that is the essential factor determining the clinicopathological features of any case of acute leukaemia. It therefore seems imperative that this information be considered in classification, but without discarding the information that can be THE MORPHOLOGICAL, IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC, CYTOGENETIC, MOLECULAR GENETIC (MIC-M) CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE LEUKAEMIA


THE SHORT-RANGE EXPANSION IN SOLID STATE Helge Holden Raphael H~egh-Kronn Steinar ,Johannesen Matematisk institutt Universitetet i Oslo Blindern, Oslo 3 Norge We study the universal behaviour of the one-electron approximation in solid state with a shortand ~ero~range interaction in three dimensions. More precisely, let H = -6+e-2 1.1Cd I v(l( ·-A.)) e: A.EA e where V is a short-range potential, 1-1 analytic with 1.1(0) = 1 and A is a lattice modelling an infinite crystal, an infinite straight polymer or an infinite monomolecular layer. We show that H converges in norm resolvent sense to the Hamiltonian with point E: (j;) H = JH (e)de where E: E: ~ interactions. Decomposing is the Brillouin zone (the dual of A) we expand the eigenvalues and resonances of H (e) explicitly to first order in e:. The first order term E: has a simple form.


Introduction: Over 5.6 million stroke survivors in the United States experience hemiparesis of the upper limb. Assistive devices are used to help regain upper limb functionality for affected individuals; however, existing devices are bulky, costly, and lack adaptability. The objective of this pilot study was to test the performance of a newly developed hand exoskeleton on a sample of individuals with hand impairment.
Methods: A hand exoskeleton was developed comprising of a novel linkage system with three four-bar linkages structures set up in a series and a novel algorithm that finds optimal Electroencephalogram (EEG) channels, through Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) Recognition, and classifies them with a stacked Linear Discriminant Analysis-Support Vector Machine (LDA-SVM) classifier. The functionality of the novel hand exoskeleton was tested by examining performance across a battery of hand mobility assessments among individuals in the experimental group with hand impairment (n=10) compared to controls (n=10).
Results: A paired-t test was used to show better performance for the experimental group with the exoskeleton compared to those without the exoskeleton across function, grip force, and range of motion measures. An unpaired-t test was used to show that there was no statistical difference in the mean performance of the experimental group with the exoskeleton compared to the control group for most measures, indicating that functionality with the exoskeleton is comparable to a healthy hand.  The LDA-SVM classifier resulted in an 88% accuracy in classifying which finger the user intends to move with minimal latency as a result of its computational efficiency.
Conclusions: Findings suggest HANDLINK was effective in improving function, grip force, and range of motion among hand-impaired individuals. The HANDLINK, and its complementary stacked SVM-LDA classification algorithm, work as a viable solution for a fully adaptable and cost-effective assistive hand aide for individuals with paraplegia.


The invention discloses a method and a device for preparing powdered iron through magnetizing low-iron red mud, and belongs to the field of red mud processing process and equipment. The device is characterized by comprising a grate type roasting machine consisting of a roasting section, a preheating section and a drying section, and retaining walls are arranged among the three sections; the roasting section and the preheating section are connected with an air collecting pipe through an air passage; the air collecting pipe is communicated with a drying section through a fan and a blower pipeline; and a convey grate of the grate type roasting machine penetrates the roasting section, the preheating section and the drying section. According to the invention, a grate type low-temperature weak-reduction magnetizing roasting-wet-type weak-magnetic separation method is adopted for purifying low-iron red mud, and compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages of being more energy-saving and economical, stable and high in production.


The present invention is to be able to perform a good uniformity in the cooling to be high on the cool air dispersing device of the refrigerator and, optionally, performing an intensive cooling to maintain in chamber always the optimal state for food storage for that purpose. Cool air dispersing device of the present invention, a refrigerator with a mutual partition of freezer compartment 2 and refrigerating compartment 3 are installed on the refrigerator main body 4 and the freezer compartment (2) side to form a condenser (12) for generating a cold air in communicating with the refrigerator compartment 3, the cool air generated by the mounted to the rear wall condenser 12 the refrigerating compartment 3, the body 17 is formed on the upper guide path 18 so as to guide, the guide passage 18 of the a pair of first flow passage 35 and the second cooling air flow path including a flow passage 36 which is formed on the back sides of the body 17 to allow the downward guiding the cool air passed through guide passage 18 (15 ), the first flow passage 35 and the second flow path portion 36 to be arranged up and down a plurality of discharge holes (16) for guiding the cold air passing through the cool air passage 15 is discharged to the refrigerating chamber 3, the discharge between the hole 16 to the left and right cooling air to rotate the rotary blades 26 and rotor blades 26 to the front is installed to be rotatable in the body 17 to be distributed or centralized as shown in Further included is the same motor 28.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia. The aim of this work was to ascertain the resistance profiles of pneumococcus to penicillin and erythromycin and to analyse whether such profiles lead to different disease developments.

PATIENTS AND METHOD
A retrospective analysis was carried out in 75 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia corresponding to hospitalized patients. Comorbidity factors were evaluated including their influence on the appearance of resistance.

RESULTS
67 patients (89.3%) presented comorbidity factors. 49.3% isolates displayed some type of resistance: 38.6% to penicillin, 36% to erythromycin and 13.3% to cefotaxime. No relationship was observed between the severity of the pneumonia and antibiotic resistance. Complications and mortality were not influenced by the susceptibility of pneumococcus to antibiotics.

CONCLUSION
The increase in the resistance to antibiotics, especially erythromycin, makes betalactams the best choice for the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia.


In article attempt to answer a question of functioning of prepositional designs with qualitative characterizing value in a position of independent distributors of the offer, that is determinants is undertaken. The specified word forms possess ability to be combined with a predicative basis in which formation verbs of different lexico-semantic groups take part. Article purpose – to prove that the prepositional and case design of the qualitative characteristic of a situation isn´t is system the caused dependent component of the phrase, takes in the offer a prisostavny position, that is syntactic depends on a predicative basis of the offer as a whole. Prepositional and case distributors are obligatory only for this context, but not for completeness of the contents of all statement or any separate sentence part. Adverbial prepositional синтаксемы components in structure are built in the offer in a row, representing unity both on a structure, and on value, a row are connected by coordinating communication.


Since the early 1970s, law enforcement agencies have made great strides in improving their response to domestic violence. However, attempts to reform the 1996 Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban Act (P.L. 104-208, section 658, 1997) pitted law enforcement against the battered women's movement. Contra predictions of system equilibrium, in this competition—between the victims of the new law (law enforcement officers) and the victims whom the new law intended to protect (battered women)—decision makers chose battered women over law enforcement officers. This article examines why this conflict developed, identifies the strategies that won in this conflict, and considers the impact of this conflict on domestic violence.


Aim: to evaluate the frequency and structure of emergency calls to the eye centers at the third stage of ophthalmic care depending on its availability in the regions of Azerbaijan. Patients and Methods: the article presents materials of emergency calls to the Zarifa Aliyeva National Center of Ophthalmology (NCO) during 2019. Depending on the availability of ophthalmic care, all settlements of the country were divided into categories. All emergency calls to the NCO were distributed according to the specified categories of settlements, main types (injuries, diseases), and characteristics of patients. For each category of settlements, the frequency of emergency calls to NCO due to injuries and diseases was calculated per 100 thousand populations. Results: 64.8% of emergency calls were associated with eye injuries. The frequency of emergency calls to the NCO as a whole (46.3±1.46) and due to injuries (34.9±1.27) is maximal among residents of Baku, minimal among residents of districts of republican subordination (10.8±1.17 and 18.4±1.53, respectively). Due to diseases, residents of Baku, cities — district centers and rural settlements had emergency calls with almost the same frequency (11,4±0,72, 11,5±0,81, 12,2±0,53 accordingly), sig-nificantly more than residents of districts of republican subordination (7.6±0.98). Among those who applied for injuries, men predominated (65.5±1.09%), and for eye diseases — patients of both sexes with the same frequency. Patients who had applied for injury were younger (20–39 years old) than patients with eye diseases (40–59 years old). Patients with eye injuries were treated at a later time (16–24 hours) than patients with eye diseases (8–16 hours). Corneal and conjunctival injuries are the leading among the traumatic type, while among eye diseases are inflammatory pathology of the conjunctiva. Conclusion: the frequency of emergency calls to the NCO depends on the availability of ophthalmic care at the local level. Men of working age predominate among the patients. Keywords: emergency call, ophthalmic care, third level, availability, Azerbaijan, nosological structure. For citation: Gadzhieva B.Kh. Frequency and structure of emergency calls to the eye centers at the third stage of ophthalmic care depending on its availability in the regions of Azerbaijan. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(3):161–167 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311- 7729-2022-22-3-161-167


Mandatory seat belt use laws have recently been passed in several states and repealed in at least one (Massachusetts); these two reports demonstrate


An air-driven sonic vibratory handpiece to which specially designed K-type files are attached has been developed. When activated, the root canal instruments will vibrate in a whirling motion, and when moved up and down, will abrade the root canal wall. The sonic system was tested in simulated root canals in plastic blocks and in usage tests in dogs' teeth. Forty-nine roots in 3 dogs were divided into 3 groups. Two of the groups were instrumented with the sonic device under continuous irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl or 15% EDTA. The 3rd group was treated with conventional chemomechanical instrumentation and 2.5% NaOGl. The teeth were then extracted, fixed and split in a longitudinal direction and the root canals examined in the scanning electron microscope. After hand instrumentation and sonic instrumentation using NaOCl for irrigation, the canal wall was covered by a smear layer and dentin chips and occasional tissue remnants were seen. An extraoral fine mist of NaOCl was seen during continuous irrigation with this medicament, causing eye soreness in the operator. Continuous irrigation with EDTA during sonic instrumentation removed the smear layer and gave clean canal walls. The vibratory files appeared safe and size 20 followed curved canals well. The effectiveness of the sonic device was similar to hand instrumentation. It considerably improved the ease and, to some extent, the speed of root canal instrumentation.


The role of the monoamines dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) and the monoamine-metabolizing enzyme, monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA ) have been repeatedly implicated in studies of alcohol use and dependence. Genetic investigations of MAOA have yielded conflicting associations between a common polymorphism ( MAOA-LPR ) and risk for alcohol abuse. The present study …


The syntheses, structures, absorption spectra, and redox potentials of Ni(tsalen), H2tsalen = N,N′-bis(o-mercaptobenzyliden)ethylenediamine, and Ni(ebmba), H2ebmba = N,N′-bis(o-mercaptobenzyl)ethylenediamine, are described. Ni(tsalen) was prepared directly from N,N′-bis(o-t-buthylthiobenzyliden)ethylenediamine, from which H2ebmba and, subsequently, Ni(ebmba) were also prepared. The crystal data for these two complexes are as follows: 1) Ni(tsalen); space group Pna21 with the unit-cell dimensions a = 8.929(1), b = 22.603(2), c = 7.484(1) A, Z = 4, 2) Ni(ebmba); space group P21/c, a = 13.324(5), b = 7.9263(8), c = 15.262(3) A, β = 101.23(2)°. Ni(tsalen) and Ni(ebmba) adopt squareplanar geometries with average Ni–S distances of 2.157 and 2.165 A, respectively. The Ni–N distances of these complexes are 1.85(5) and 1.945 A, respectively. These values, as well as the redox potentials and absorption maxima, ware compared with those of another type of NiS2N2 compound, [Ni(ebtsa)]2−; H4ebtsa = N,N′-bis(o-mercaptob...


Occupational Health And Safety Management System or called OHSMS is a part of company management system in order to risk control that associated with work process to make a safe and healthy workplace. In PP No. 50 Tahun 2012 requires to documenting all important element in OHSMS and everything that associated with those element. PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Bandung have applying OHSMS for 1 year since March 2014 and already certified but in implementation at the workplace especially in documentation of OHSMS, there are still many documents related to the implementation OHSMS have not been made by worker, because the safety unit has not establish in this company.The purpose of this research was to analyse compatibility of documenting OHSMS with the regulation. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with indepth interview. The subjects of this research were 4 people as key informants from worker of every unit, Teknik Umum, TLMP, PKP-PK and Elektronika and 1 people as a triangulation informant is OHS coordinator. The result show there is still mismatch of OHSMS reporting based on the government regulation. Controlling document done with structuring and maintenance the documents. Recording and information management held for workers with socialization and for guest or others through OHS Coordinator. This needs socialization and training about OHSMS. Procedure of reporting system, forming an OHS unit and procurement information boards about OHS .


Because of its high atomic number and convenient room temperature operation, CdZnTe has great potential for use in both balloon and space borne hard x-ray (5 - 200 keV) astrophysics experiments. Here we present preliminary results from the first CdZnTe background measurements made by a balloon instrument. Measurements of the CdZnTe internal background are essential to determine which physical processes make the most important background contributions and are critical in the design of future scientific instruments. The PoRTIA CdZnTe balloon instrument was flown three times in three different shielding configurations. PoRTIA was passively shielded during its first flight from Palestine, Texas and actively shielded as a piggyback instrument on the GRIS balloon experiment during flights 2 and 3 from Alice Springs, Australia. PoRTIA flew twice during the Fall 1995 Alice Springs, Australia campaign using the thick GRIS NaI anticoincidence shield. A significant CdZnTe background reduction was achieved during the third flight with PoRTIA placed completely inside the GRIS shield and blocking crystal, and thus completely surrounded by 15 cm of NaI. These background results are presented and contributions from different background processes are discussed.


In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanism by which chromatography can be used for the separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the basis of their diameter or length, with a view to optimizing this popular process. Using the knowledge gained through diffusion ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (DOSY NMR) analysis and chromatographic experiments, we demonstrate the feasibility of separating SWNTs on the basis of diameter and length simultaneously within the one chromatography column. These findings are of relevance not just to the understanding of SWNT separation processes, but also to the industrial use of size-separated SWNTs.


This paper proposes a biologically-inspired feature extraction method, which consists of coarse region segmentation by a resistive-fuse network and feature extraction by Gabor wavelet transforms. Their pixel-parallel VLSI implementation based on the pulse modulation circuit architecture is described, and measurement results of Gabor filter operation by a test LSI chip with 1-D 20-pixels are presented.


A handle connectable to a screw-type mechanical drive component for transmitting to the latter a first torque comprises first connection means (3), defining a constraint axis (2), for the connection of the handle to the mechanical drive component, a ring nut (4) to which a second torque is manually applicable, support means (5) of the ring nut (4) for rotatably supporting the latter around an axis of rotation (6) coinciding, in use, with the constraint axis (2), second means (7) for connecting the ring nut (4) to the support means (5), for connecting/disconnecting the ring nut (4) and the support means (5) in a mechanical and selective way, so that the ring nut (4) is kinematically connected to the support means (5) when rotated around the axis of rotation (6) with a second torque lower than a threshold value and kinematically disconnected from the same upon exceeding such a threshold value.


The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way the world works. People are shopping, socializing, and working online, using technology to replace the in-person experiences of ordinary life. The court system is no exception. In most places, the entire judicial structure became remote at the end of March. However, without sufficient notice and adequate time to prepare, the switch to virtual courts was not a smooth transition. Among issues that went underexamined were the privacy rights of vulnerable members of society who appear in court.

Using six states that chose different online platforms as case studies, this Article exposes the troubling consequences the use of virtual courts has had on the rights of minors, mentally ill and incapacitated persons. While this research reveals that privacy protections were often inadequate even before this switch to virtual court, it analyzes the further uneven outcomes after the switch to remote proceedings. Building on these findings, the Article supports the implementation of robust guidelines and specialized courts to protect the privacy interests of vulnerable members of society.


Just before Christmas 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU or the Court) gave its long-awaited ruling on the European Union's accession to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This ruling, Opinion 2/13, is a complex judgment that raises many legal questions. This case comment sets out: A summary of the ruling; an assessment of the consequences of the ruling; and an initial critique of the Court's reasoning. On the latter point, the Court's ruling is fundamentally flawed. In short, the Court is seeking to protect the basic elements of EU law by disregarding the fundamental values upon which the Union was founded.


The axillopectoral muscle (Langer's axillary arch) is a common, though rarely noted, anatomical anomaly causing a range of rare clinical syndromes. Knowledge of the anomaly is increasingly important in the era of minimal access surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) where it might produce false negative biopsies. We describe a case and review the current literature regarding its morphology. The axillopectoral muscle is found in 6% of human subjects, typically as a musculotendinous band 7–15 cm in length running between latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major with considerable morphological variation. It has been attributed to 2/15 false negative SLNB in one series. The axillopectoral muscle is common, variable and increasingly important in the era of SLNB.


Statewide coverage of 1930 Places based on population data available from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population data is from the Fifteenth Census of the United States (1930 Census of Population)


Testing a high quality inertial sensor requires a precise knowledge of its motion environment. This presents a considerable problem for state-of-the-art instruments which are capable of sensing motions as small as a few thousandths of an arc second. This paper describes the development of an electro-optical mercury tiltmeter, its use to monitor low frequency motions, and the development of an iterated extended Kalman filter to enhance the knowledge of the tilt output by filtering.


The dynamics of the behavior of bank's deposits was considered in the article based on the model equation suggested by I. Voloshin, taking into account the interest rate risk, which is being implemented by means of the assumption of their random nature. A common approach to the calculation of the corresponding probability characteristics has been implemented, which is, in a sense, a universal character. Investigation of the behavior of the mathematical expectation of bank's deposit with the passage of time has shown that minor random deviations from the deterministic values doesn't lead to significant changes in comparison with the deterministic case (small variance of interest rates). However, with increasing dispersion with the passage of time there may exist significant deviations that can lead to unbalance of the banking system. These results were obtained under the assumption of statistical independence interest rates. The account of the statistical dependence of interest rates leads to further integration in the integral representation of the mathematical expectation that has no substantial effect on the numerical implementation, as the standard approximate methods of calculating double integrals are applicable when the domain of integration is specified by coordinate lines. In case where at the law of three sigma corresponding interval falls on the negative part of the axis, the assumption of normality of the interest rates is in doubt, and then a statistical analysis must be carried out under the assumption of lognormal distribution or consider the truncated normal distribution. It should be noted that there had not been obtained estimates of the distribution parameters in the article due to a lack of sufficient data on the behavior of deposits in a particular commercial banks, that is, it does not check the relevant hypotheses that can be the subject of further research. Further analysis of the random behavior of the quantity of deposits must be linked to the generalization of the market model of Rendelman-Bartter, which describes the behavior of interest rates. Approach, that was proposed at this work, may be useful in the case when interest rates are stochastic processes, as well as the probability characteristics of the quantity of the deposit is considered the mathematical expectation and variance, which describe essentially non-stationary random process. The model of the bank's deposit behavior, that was considered, can be used for finding the steady state, that is when the initial time be expected to infinity.


The value of the sacred space was reappraised and reinterpreted in the twentieth century. With the depression of its social station and influence, the development of contemporary Christianity church architecture now tends to the development of common architecture. At the same time, the current promotes the development of Christianity church architecture and makes it taking on exclusive charm different from the old time. By analyzing some examples designed by many famous contemporary architects and studying the background about different society, religion and architecture, this paper makes an inquiry into the development of contemporary Christianity church architecture from different angels, which include the architects' individuation, the influence of the nationality and the need of religion's humanism. In the end, the paper points out that we can acquire the Christianity church architecture according with the characteristics of this time only by pluralistic design.


With technology paving the road for economic solutions that will reduce the amount of energy consumed, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are quickly becoming a popular and the desired form of illumination. LEDs are up to ten times more efficient than incandescent lights and are double the efficiency of compact fluorescent lights (CFLs). While CFLs are comparable in efficiency, they contain mercury and produce ten times the amount of heat as an LED. Another advantage of LEDs is that they can withstand a wider range of environments. The LEDs used for household lighting produce blue light. To provide the desired white light, they are manufactured with a yellow silicone phosphor encapsulant. While the encapsulant allows for the emitting of white light, it has a few disadvantages. One in particular is that some of the light output is reduced which leads to a decrease in efficiency, and perhaps the biggest downside is the change in light output color over the lifespan of the LED. Due to the heat generated inside the LED and other environmental factors, the silicone phosphor encapsulant hardens and degrades over time. While the change in color is common among other types of light bulbs, it is more often noticed in LEDs due to their longer lifespan. The efficiency and lifespan of LEDs has been well documented. Of all of the factors that contribute to the long life and high efficiency of LEDs, the junction temperature is one of the most crucial. The junction temperature of the LiteOn 5630 LED was estimated using thermal modeling from data collected from a LabSphere Illumia® Light Measurement System. This system allows a myriad of performance data to be gathered and analyzed from nearly any light source. The results have shown that purity, efficacy, and efficiency are all related to the LED's junction temperature. By having a clearer understanding of how external temperature and LED module design affects junction temperature, the industry will have a more accurate estimation of LED lifespan and efficacy at real world operating conditions. This research is funded by a Lamar University Office for Undergraduate Research Grant. 1


Data Envelopment Analysis is an optimization technique for estimating the comparative performance of organizations or decision making units (DMU's). In this study, we use DEA to evaluate the relative energy performance of residential buildings, establishing two classes, efficient and inefficient, based on the DMUs' relative efficiencies as calculated using DEA. We then provide a comparative analysis of the results obtained on classification using the machine learning algorithms: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines and Nearest Neighbors validated using K-fold cross validation technique.


. Given disjoint countable dense subsets C and D of the half-line (1 , + ∞ ) , there exists a flow T t preserving a sigma-finite measure and such that all automorphisms T 1 ⊗ T c with c ∈ C have simple singular spectrum and all automorphisms T 1 ⊗ T d with d ∈ D have Lebesgue spectrum of countable multiplicity.


Searchers in retrieval data systems, affected by various factors, used different approaches and methods. So, with proper knowledge and control of these factors can lead to identified and targeted paths Information seeking behavior. In this system, it is important to be appropriate bed for interaction between users and systems that one of them is mental model. So, aim of this study is to familiarity with mental models of users and interacts with information retrieval systems, such as web. This narrative review was conducted in 2015, searching the literature using the term of "mental model" and "information searching behavior" in databases, including PubMed, WOS, Science Direct, Emerald, Oxford, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID) and Springer. After that, the relevant abstracts were reviewed and their full texts were extracted and classified using content analysis. Results showed that mental models have capability of being identified and extracted. Many users may have weak or incorrect mental models and mental models may affect the function of users and there are variety techniques to extract mental models and they should be used combined in order to reach better conclusion. Research done in the field of information retrieval showed the importance of this subject and since many users has defective mental models that cause to faint function, so the study of these models is essential in order to create and develop better information retrieval systems.


In order to investigate immunogenicity of LPS from Brucella melitensis,LPS were extracted by cold phenol method and purifid by gel filtration chromatography.Balb/c mice were immunized intranasally or subcutaneously,and seral IgG antibody titers and IFN-γ in splenocytes were detected.The IgG antibody titers in the mice inoculated with 10 μg LPS subcutaneously were the highest,but the immunogenicity of LPS was not so strong.


The article analyzes the dynamics and development of innovations in service industry. It was found that innovations are a huge incentive for the further development of the hotel business; which contributes to meet world standards of hotel services. The article substantiates the need to introduce innovations in domestic hotel enterprises in order to reach a larger number of potential consumers of hotel and restaurant product.
Based on the study, the author draws conclusions about the feasibility of using innovation as an important tool for the hotel enterprises development. It is generalized that the use of new technologies of investment process management in the hotel and restaurant business at the present stage of economic development is an important task, which is of great interest to managers of enterprises in this field.


This paper focuses on two problematic issues in the relationship between sociological knowledge and social action, by relocating it into the general trends of the sociology of education and its mission to examine carefully the workings of the "black box." A distinction will be made between sociological knowledge, which in a present-day context should not, paradoxically, dictate action, and knowledge that, inversely, cannot sustain it.


INTRODUCTION Micro-scale biofluidic networks are providing researchers with a powerful new tool to perform useful biological assays. These Biofluidic Application Specific Integrated Circuits (BioASICs) can be designed for medical diagnostics, high throughput drug discovery, cell culturing, proteomics, functional genomics, protein crystallization, or any number of other important quantitative biology and medical applications [1-3]. Performing these tests using microfluidic technology not only makes them more portable when compared to their traditional counterparts, but also decreases testing time and cost.


Purpose of the study: The appropriate treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calve disease (LPCd) remains a subject of debate. Certain teams consider orthopedic treatment adequate. Others advocate surgery to improve prognosis. Is surgery necessary? When is the proper time? We reviewed retrospectively 91 surgically treated hips (Salter osteotomy or triple pelvis osteotomy) at the end of growth. Material and methods: Among 485 hips with LPCd, 349 (71.9%) presented massive involvement (Catterall 3 and 4, Herring B and C, Salter B). Ninety-one patients with severe disease were reviewed at the end of growth. Complementary explorations included magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy and arteriography using the Dias protocol which enables an assessment of the excentration and the femoral head deformation and identifies hips at risk. Surgical treatments were Salter osteotomy (SA) or triple osteotomy (TO). Three groups were identified depending on the age at disease diagnosis: less than 5 years, 5–9 years, more than 9 years. Using the Stulberg and Mose classifications, outcome was considered good (Stulberg 1 and 2, Mose good), fair (Stulberg 3, Mose fair), or poor (Stulberg 4 and 5, Mose poor). Results: There were 50 Carttell 3, Herring B, Salter B hips and 41 Catterall 4, Herring B and C, Salter B hips (80% boys). Distribution by group of age at diagnosis was: 34 (37.4%) less than 5 years, 48 (52.7%) 6–9 years, 9 (9.9%) more than 9 years. Salter osteotomy was performed on 32 hips (35.2%) and triple pelvic osteotomy on 59 (94.8%). Outcome at end of growth was: less than 5 years Catterall 3: 77% good, 15.4% fair, 7.6% poor; Catterall 4: 52.4% good, 33.3% fair, 14.3% poor; 6–9 years: Catterall 3: 70% good, 20% fair, 10% poor; Catterall 4: 55.5% good, 22.2% fair, 22.2% poor; more than 9 years: Catterall 3: 42.9% good, 42.9% fair, 14.2% poor; Catterall 4: 50% good, 50% poor. Conclusion: Outcome worsens with increasing age at diagnosis. Despite surgery, a spherical femoral head (Stulberg 1 or 2) is achieved in only one hip Catterall 4 hip out of two. This result is observed in Catterall 3 hips only in children whose diagnosis is established after the age of nine years. Prognosis is better in Catterall 3 hips.


Poetry and Fable Studies in Mythological Narrative in Sixteenth Century France ANN MOSS An examination of changes of style and vision in the development of poetry in the Renaissance by looking at both how it was read and written. By concentrating on a few specific mythological subjects in vernacular versions of fables from Ovid's Metamorphoses, Dr. Moss is able to identify the salient features in these literary developments and thus to broaden our understanding of the aesthetic revolution which transformed the literature and mentality of France and Western Europe during the Renaissance. $39.50


In this paper, we have found all possible largest permutation codes in S4and S5under Kendall T-distance. We consider two rewrite operations namely push-to-the-top and minimal-push-up and give the optimum codes in terms of rewrite cost for both these techniques. These optimum codes can be obtained from a set of relatively smaller size for both the cases. We also give the largest single error correcting Gray code when minimal-push-up is used.


This paper outlines the labour-market shifts and adjustments which Hong Kong experienced on the eve of its reversion to China in July 1997. It argues that these adjustments, varying from acute problems of labour shortage in the late 1980s to new perils of unemployment menacing the local work-force in the mid-1990s, can be traced to the core imperative of the 'China' factor. This paper notes, in addition, that the fluidity of the pre-1997 labour market was compounded by the trendy moves of corporate businesses to downsize and rationalize their human resource provisions so as to strengthen their competitiveness, as well as popular actions adopted by a politically emasculated administration to democratize the government and the legislature. As a result, hastily introduced electoral reforms have politicized the fragmented labour movement in Hong Kong, because of rival attempts by the pluralist and competitive trade union centres to appeal to the support of the grass-roots voters among the labouring mass. The ...


So Hall and Geldart's text and critical note. The latter needs a correction and an addition: R gives (so, too, ΣR, which has ; γ is found only in B and the Aldine edition, R and V omit it. What is the object of Van Leeuwen says 'mente suppl.xwhich seems to me inconsequent if not nonsensical. Starkie, printing a dash after the word, notes 'as the sentence is interrupted by Philocleon, it is impossible to know what was meant to be the object of this verb'. This does not seem very satisfactory. Rogers apparently takes the verb as used absolutely and translates 'you'll strike by and by'. Coulon, not unnaturally dissatisfied with these explanations, reads and translates 'tu vas te faire lapider', adding a note 'on jetait des pierres aux fous; cf. Otseaux 524'. Starkie also mentions this possibility and attributes its origin to the scholiast—wrongly, for the gloss shows that the scholiast did not take as meaning 'will be pelted as a madman'. In any case all this is very far-fetched. And there is a further point: the strange future active, is found elsewhere only at line 222 of this same play and nowhere else in Greek. It is therefore rash to postulate an entirely unparalleled middle form of this, and that, too, in a passive sense. Had he intended this meaning Aristophanes would surely have written.


Although 3dtv didn't experience the take-up many expected, the quest for fully immersive viewing is still alive, with holography being one of the most popular and promising options. But how far away is the technology from being available in the living room? Callum Fitzpatrick reports.


According to the water and sediment conditions,river observations of large sections about representing years of Bayan Gol—Sanhehukou which is a wide valley of the Yellow River,it analyzed the characters of water and sediment relation,riverbed evolutions and reservoir regulations of the wide valley of the Yellow River.The results show that: the water and sediment reduce after the use of Liujiaxia Reservoir,especially the joint operation of Liujiaxia and Longyangxia reservoirs.And the reduction mainly happens in flood reasons.The changes between water and sediment cause the waterbed elevation,bankfull flow decreases and the channel shifts seriously.The main reasons of water and sediment changes are decreased natural precipitation,the amount of water diversion increase,the regulation operation of reservoirs on the upstream and sandstorms entering into the Yellow River.


The impact of temperature,pH value,light and other factors on the stability of Vc in the malpighia glabra freeze-dried powder were studied.The relative stabilized prototype Vc was structured,the scavenging ability to DPPH· radical and inhibition of tyrosinase activity were verified.The experimental results showed that stability of vitamin C in liquid was affected by heat,alkalescency,light that could accelerate the loss of vitamin C.The system to some extent contribute to the prototype Vc stability in extract,which has good anti-aging and whitening effects.


Developmental growth patterns of institutionalized mentally retarded persons were examined through the use of repeated administrations of the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale. Contrary to earlier research, developmental growth curves were not found to be asymptotic for all groups of subjects. The tendency for growth curves to become asymptotic appeared only for those individuals who had lived in institutions for extended periods of time and who tended to be older and more retarded.


A methodology for developing an identification map for economic predictive systems that can be analyzed via Bayesian belief networks is proposed in this paper. The methodology describes how to automatically design a diagnostic decision tree from a Bayesian belief network used for business intelligence predictive analysis. In particular the methodology makes use of econometric characteristic functions, since they are mathematical models used for predictive analysis. We used the Vesely-Fussell measure of importance as the cornerstone of our methodology, because it provides an accurate measure of components' relevance from a diagnosis perspective. The essence of this research and paper is to apply diagnostic analysis to econometric systems, thus enabling the identification of root causes of changes in econometric objectives using reliability engineering theory. To perform diagnostic analysis on econometric predictive systems analysis, we demonstrate how to construct a diagnostic decision tree, which we previously developed for diagnosing hardware/software systems.


High-precision permeability prediction is of great significance to tight sandstone reservoirs. However, while considerable progress has recently been made in the machine learning based prediction of reservoir permeability, the generalization of this approach is limited by weak interpretability. Hence, an interpretable XGBoost model is proposed herein based on particle swarm optimization to predict the permeability of tight sandstone reservoirs with higher accuracy and robust interpretability. The porosity and permeability of 202 core plugs and 6 logging curves (namely, the gamma-ray (GR) curve, the acoustic curve (AC), the spontaneous potential (SP) curve, the caliper (CAL) curve, the deep lateral resistivity (RILD) curve, and eight lateral resistivity (RFOC) curve) are extracted along with three derived variables (i.e., the shale content, the AC slope, and the GR slope) as data sets. Based on the data preprocessing, global and local interpretations are performed according to the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis, and the redundant features in the data set are screened to identify the porosity, AC, CAL, and GR slope as the four most important features. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is then used to optimize the hyperparameters of the XGBoost model. The prediction results of the PSO-XGBoost model indicate a superior performance compared with that of the benchmark XGBoost model. In addition, the reliable application of the interpretable PSO-XGBoost model in the prediction of tight sandstone reservoir permeability is examined by comparing the results with those of two traditional mathematical regression models, five machine learning models, and three deep learning models. Thus, the interpretable PSO-XGBoost model is shown to have more advantages in permeability prediction along with the lowest root mean square error, thereby confirming the effectiveness and practicability of this method.


In this paper, the localized properties of lump and interaction solutions to a new extended Jimbo-Miwa (EJM) equation are studied. Based on the Hirota bilinear method and the test function method, the exact solutions of the EJM equation are discussed; the lump soliton solution, lump-kink soliton solution, and periodic lump solution are obtained. Furthermore, the dynamic properties of the obtained solutions are also discussed by graphical simulation. As far as we know, the obtained results have not been reported.


The cooling meanings for "gasodynamic" bending shroud of working blade for a HP turbine are considered. Its analysis is made from the view point of cooling efficiency and adapt ability to manufacture.


In this paper, we report more information on the important role of the aldehyde group in the sarcin/ricin domain of 28S rRNA in rat liver ribosome. We find D‐amino acids, amino acid derivatives having free amino group and two polyamines can also partially restore the activity of cinnamomin‐inactivated ribosomes. However, amino acid derivatives and a tripeptide with blocked amino group cannot. Neither sodium borohydride nor the L‐amino acids can restore the activity of ribosomes inactivated by α‐sarcin. These data demonstrate that partial restoration of the activity of the inactivated ribosome is indeed the result of the blockage of the aldehyde group. It reaches the conclusion that emergence of the active aldehyde group in the sarcin/ricin domain of 28S rRNA is one of factors that inactivate the ribosome for protein synthesis.


This research project involved three related efforts: (1) field and laboratory evaluation of the dichotomous sampler to measure nitric acid and particulate nitrate; (2) measurement of aerosol size distribution for nitrate and major ionic species using the Berner impactor; (3) direct measurement of dry-deposition fluxes of particles on natural and surrogate surfaces. Two parallel sampling trains, one consisting of a dichotomous sampler with a modified filter holder, and the other consisting of an AIHL cyclone and filter pack, sampled nitric acid and particulate nitrate (both fine and coarse fraction). Under a wide range of laboratory and field conditions, it was found that the dichotomous sampler quantitatively denudes nitric acid and, therefore, provides a method for the sampling of particulate nitrate that is free of positive artifacts from nitric acid. The Berner Cascade impactor was used to test the techniques needed to measure the size distribution of inorganic ions. Detailed evidence was obtained for the production of coarse nitrate and hydrochloric acid by the reaction of nitric acid with sea salt aerosol.


Testing MODTRATM5 (MOD5) capabilities against NASA satellite state-of-the-art radiance and irradiance measurements has recently been undertaken. New solar data have been acquired from the SORCE satellite team, providing measurements of variability over solar rotation cycles, plus an ultra-narrow calculation for a new solar source irradiance, extending over the full MOD5 spectral range. Additionally, a MOD5-AIRS analysis has been undertaken with appropriate channel response functions. Thus, MOD5 can serve as a surrogate for a variety of perturbation studies, including two different modes for including variations in the solar source function, Io: (1) ultra-high spectral resolution and (2) with and without solar rotation. The comparison of AIRS-related MOD5 calculations, against a suite of 'surrogate' data generated by other radiative transfer algorithms, all based upon simulations supplied by the AIRS community, provide validation in the Long Wave Infrared (LWIR). All ~2400 AIRS instrument spectral response functions (ISRFs) are expected to be supplied with MODTRANTM5. These validation studies show MOD5 replicates line-by-line (LBL) brightness temperatures (BT) for 30 sets of atmospheric profiles to approximately -0.02°K average offset and <1.0°K RMS.