Synaptic dysfunction is an early pathogenic event in Alzheimer disease (AD). Hence the maintenance of healthy neurotransmission becomes crucial to slow or halt cognitive decline. In search of identifying proteins that could play a role in synaptic dysfunction, we studied the proteome of a highly vulnerable hippocampal region that is enriched in excitatory synapses. Our in-depth proteomic analysis suggests an impaired presynaptic signaling in AD. Using immunohistochemistry, we verified significantly reduced levels of complexin-1, complexin-2, and synaptogyrin-1 in AD. Graphical Abstract Highlights Laser microdissection of highly vulnerable hippocampal region. Proteomic analysis of postmortem human brain tissue of AD and control cases. Decreased levels of presynaptic proteins, but not postsynaptic proteins, in AD. Immunohistochemistry verifies decreased levels of selected presynaptic proteins. Synaptic dysfunction is an early pathogenic event in Alzheimer disease (AD) that contributes to network disturbances and cognitive decline. Some synapses are more vulnerable than others, including the synapses of the perforant path, which provides the main excitatory input to the hippocampus. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of these synapses, we performed an explorative proteomic study of the dentate terminal zone of the perforant path. The outer two-thirds of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, where the perforant path synapses are located, was microdissected from five subjects with AD and five controls. The microdissected tissues were dissolved and digested by trypsin. Peptides from each sample were labeled with different isobaric tags, pooled together and pre-fractionated into 72 fractions by high-resolution isoelectric focusing. Each fraction was then analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We quantified the relative expression levels of 7322 proteins, whereof 724 showed significantly altered levels in AD. Our comprehensive data analysis using enrichment and pathway analyses strongly indicated that presynaptic signaling, such as exocytosis and synaptic vesicle cycle processes, is severely disturbed in this area in AD, whereas postsynaptic proteins remained unchanged. Among the significantly altered proteins, we selected three of the most downregulated synaptic proteins; complexin-1, complexin-2 and synaptogyrin-1, for further validation, using a new cohort consisting of six AD and eight control cases. Semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical staining confirmed decreased levels of complexin-1, complexin-2 and synaptogyrin-1 in the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in AD. Our in-depth proteomic analysis provides extensive knowledge on the potential molecular mechanism underlying synaptic dysfunction related to AD and supports that presynaptic alterations are more important than postsynaptic changes in early stages of the disease. The specific synaptic proteins identified could potentially be targeted to halt synaptic dysfunction in AD.


The current epidemic, population growth, and decreasing arable lands lead to a severe food crisis, which calls for productive and efficient agricultural methods to ensure a sustainable food supply for mankind. Crop monitoring is considered to be a potential solution for the improvement of food production. Current crop monitoring combines agriculture methodologies with other advanced technologies, including sensing technology, geographical information systems (GIS), Internet of Things (IoT), information and communication technology (ICT), robotics, and drone techniques to increase production with low labor cost. The high-throughput plant phenotyping is crucial for crop monitoring on the data acquisition of large-scale crop characteristics. The high-throughput plant phenotyping studies aim to achieve fast and precise large-scale crop monitoring techniques with minimum environmental impact by applying special plant phenotyping platforms. The phenotyping platforms are integrated with various sensors and data communication systems, which can help to achieve automatic data acquisition and transmission. This paper reviews the current high-throughput plant phenotyping development in crop monitoring, including sensors, communication protocols, data management, and plant phenotyping platforms. State-of-art challenges are reviewed and discussed. Also, the paper provides discussions on the current situation, upcoming challenges, and possible future trends for researchers in this field.


The underground coal gasification (UCG) is the process, which can be attractive from environmental and economic aspect and is able to have a wide utilization in the future. This technology is less expensive than conventional mining. It is appropriate to construct a physical model of the gasifier in the geometrical similarity for research and good analysis of UCG process under laboratory conditions. The heat losses in the process realized by the gasifier must correspond to heat losses in real seam. The paper presents a comparison study of the heat losses on the gasifier and in the real seam. The result of this study is the proposal of thermal isolation of the gasifier.


We describe a new α2‐globin gene point mutation found in six individuals of a three‐generation Dutch family. The mutant, which is associated with a mild α‐thalassaemic phenotype, is not detectable at the protein level. The α2 cd129 (CTG → CCG) transition was found by molecular analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and single‐strand conformation analysis (SSCA) followed by direct sequencing of the α2‐globin gene. Southern analysis revealed a triplication of the ζ‐gene in cis with the mutant α‐globin gene.


The Gridhrasi is equated with the Sciatica due to similarity in etiology, pathology, symptoms and pro nosis but different in the treatment. In the present study we planned to get effective and safe treatment for "Gridhrasi" with the help of clinical principles of Gridhrasi were selected from O.P.D. & I.P.D. of Jammu Institute of Ayurveda & Research College and Hospital, Jammu. These patients were subjected to two therapeutic groups namely Group Group-A patients were given Rasanadi tail. The assessment of therapy on signs and symptoms was done by adopting suitable scoring methods and repeating laboratory investigations and critically analyzed. The r subjected for statistical analysis for the therapy. The end results thus obtained were interpreted and gra ed as complete remission, marked improvement, moderate improvement and mild improvement and pr sented in details.


The invention relates to an environmentally-friendly heat-insulating nanometer coating and a preparation method thereof. The environmentally-friendly heat-insulating nanometer coating comprises the following components: nanometer pigment and filler slurry, synthetic waterborne resin, a film-forming aid, a coupling agent, an antifoaming agent, a leveling agent and a wetting agent. The preparation method of the environmentally-friendly heat-insulating nanometer coating comprises the following steps of: adding the nanometer pigment and filler slurry into the synthetic waterborne resin, sequentially adding the film-forming aid, the coupling agent, the antifoaming agent, the leveling agent and the wetting agent, and quickly stirring. The processing technology is simple, the components have a reasonable proportion, and the coating has high thermal resistance, reflectivity and radiative heat transfer performance.


We provide an equation of state for hot nuclear matter in β-equilibrium by applying a momentum-dependent effective interaction. We focus on the study of the equation of state of high-density and high-temperature nuclear matter, containing leptons (electrons and muons) under the chemical equilibrium condition in which neutrinos have left the system. Special attention is dedicated to the study of the contribution of the components of β-stable nuclear matter to the entropy per particle, a quantity of great interest for the study of structure and collapse of supernova.


This paper aims to develop the photography education method based, not on the practical technique, the photo recording or the communication, but on the photo theory and the visual culture. This paper can be summarized as follows: First, it analyses the photo theory itself and photography education theory. It examines the studies of the important scholars of photography theory, namely Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Walter Benjamin, Susan Sontag. It examines also the studies of the scholars who applied photography to education, that is, Victor Burgin, Simon Watney, David Bate. This paper examines how photography is related to education theory in general and where photo education can be situated in art education field.


In view of the shortages time lag existing in traditional digital low-pass filter in Active Power Filter (Active Power Filter, APF), this paper proposes to adopt slipped-window integrator to realize low-pass filter in harmonic current detection.The current tracking control uses Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation method. Meanwhile, the repetitive predictor is applied so as to improve the real-time performance of the compensation current tracking control. Built a three-phase shunt active power filter simulation model in Matlab/Simulink environment and take experiment under the low pressure condition. The results show that slipped-window integrator and deadbeat current mothod can acquire good dynamic response performance as well as high precision.


With regard to the reality of the absence of unified standards for the bearing capability for agricultural water price at present,the benefits of grain and economic crops and the production costs in the southern,the northern and the whole Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were calculated,respectively. The bearing capability for agricultural water users was analyzed. The results show that the bearing capability for water price of grain crops is 570 RMB Yuan/hm2,that of economic crops is 1 155 RMB Yuan/hm2,and the comprehensive bearing capability of the whole Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 870 RMB Yuan/hm2. It will be helpful to the reform of water price in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.


The article will seek to plot the position of the Labour Party in relation to debates during the Second World War between rural preservationists and agricultural modernisers. It will review the recommendations of the Scott Report into land utilisation in rural areas, and outline recent research into popular attitudes to the countryside. It will then describe the way the Labour Party responded to these developments and draw some longer-term conclusions about their significance in relation to current debates about national identity and the countryside. It will be argued that while the Labour Party supported the need to protect the look of the landscape as part of the nation's heritage and national identity, in line with public opinion at the time, it also sought to encourage the physical planning of both town and country in a way that rejected some of the more anti-metropolitan tendencies of the rural preservationists.


We have developed a contact-free 2-dim laser sensor with which the position of wires can be measured in 3 dimensions with an accuracy of a few 0.001 mm and the tension of the wires can be determined with high accuracy. These measurements can be made from a distance of 15 cm. The sensor consists of commercially available laser pointers, lenses and color filters. In our application we have used this laser sensor together with an automated 3d-measurement table. The control and read-out of the table and the read-out of the laser sensor were made with LabVIEW. The precision of the position measurement was determined with wires of 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm diameter We use the sensor for the quality assurance of the wire electrode modules for the KATRIN experiment. We expect that the precision is at least comparable if not better if the wires are thinner. Such a device could be well suited for the measurement of a large, complex detector which consists of many wires e.g. a large wire chamber.


A model to study the electronic properties of high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors is presented. It is based on a Hamiltonian that includes the interatomic and intra-atomic electronic repulsion at the various Cu and O sites of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6+\mathit{x}}$. We analyze in detail the effects of the oxygen concentration and the disorder in the basal plane. Most of the observed properties are well reproduced. Among them is the metal-non metal transition as a function of oxygen concentration and of the total charge transferred by the cationic elements. Under the assumption that the transition temperature is proportional to the number of holes in the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes, we reproduce the concentration dependence of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$.


Ruthenium-Mediated Electrochemical Destruction of Organic Wastes By L. Davidson, Y. Quinn and D. F. Steele Direct Methane Oxidation by Platinum Catalyst Hydrogen Treatment of Materials By F. A. Lewis Metallo-Based Cyclophanes and [2] Catenanes By Andrew C. Benniston, Philip R. Mackie, Louis 3, Farrugia, Simon Parsons, William Clegg and Simon J. Teat Platinum 1998 New Starting Materials in Platinum(I1) Chemistry By Vadim Yu. Kukushkin Palladium-Mediated Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations By A. Tungler, T. Tarnai, L. HegedLis, K. Fodor and T. Mathk Small Compact and Portable Fuel Cell Systems By R. Hockaday Conference on the Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals Development of the Noble Metal/Oxide Coated Titanium Electrode By P. C. S. Hayfield Abstracts New Patents NO. 3


In this work we consider the non-autonomous problem Δu = a(x)um in the unit ball B ⊂ RN, with the boundary condition u|∂B = +∞, and m > 0. Assuming that a is a continuous radial function with a(x) ˜ C0 dist(x, ∂B)−γ as dist(x, ∂B) → 0, for some C0 > 0, γ > 0, we completely determine the issues of existence, multiplicity and behaviour near the boundary for radial positive solutions, in terms of the values of m and γ. The case 0 < m ≤ 1, as well as estimates for solutions to the linear problem m = 1, are a significant part of our results.


Autobiographical memory encompasses our recollection of specific, personal events. In this study, we investigate the relationship between emotion and autobiographical memory, focusing on two broad ways in which these interactions occur. First, the emotional content of an experience can influence the way in which the event is remembered. Second, emotions and emotional goals experienced at the time of autobiographical retrieval can influence the information recalled. We examined the specificity of undergraduate students in autobiographical memory retrieval. Undergraduate students (N=64) completed the Autobiographical Memory Test (J.M.G. Williams & K. Broadbent, 1986), psychological state; depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression, Radloff, 1977), present affective (Positive Affective and Negative Affective Schedule, Watson et al., 1988) as well as personal factors; life orient (Life Orient Test, Scheier & Carver, 1985), self-awareness (Core Self Evaluation Scale, Judge et al., 2003), social factor (Social Support, Sarason et al., 1983). Results showed that individuals with depression were significantly less specific in retrieving negative experiences, relative to control groups of low depression. This result was restricted to negative memory retrieval, as participants did not differ in memory specificity for less emotional experiences. These results show that repressors retrieve negative autobiographical memories in an overgeneral way, possibly in order to avoid retrieving negative experience.


Objective To construct and identify the recombinant retroviral vectors expressing siRNA for Ref-1 gene knock-down,and sequentially to detect the sensitivity of HepG2/siRef-1 cells to cisplatin.Methods Recombinant retrovirus plasmid pmscv/siRef-1 was constructed,and transfected into HepG2 cells.RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the expression of Ref-1 mRNA and protein,respectively.The proliferations of HepG2/siRef-1 cells in response to cisplatin were detected by MTT assay.Results The pmscv/siRef-1 were successfully packaged and transfected to the HepG2 cells.The level of Ref-1 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in HepG2 cells infected with Ref-1 siRNA(P0.05).Ref-1 down-regulation suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 cells under cisplatin treatment.Conclusion The recombinant vector pmscv/siRef-1 can be successfully constructed.The silencing of Ref-1 mediated by RNA interference can increase the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to cisplatin.


Hair greying is one of the most distinct but least comprehended features of senescence. The signalling of stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor KIT has been documented to regulate essential roles in the maintenance of embryonic melanocyte lineages and postnatal cutaneous melanogenesis, although little is known about its detailed mechanisms in postnatal hair pigmentation. To address this, anagen human hair follicles and C57BL/6 murine pelage were analysed in this study. Molecular biological analyses of murine follicular skin indicated a significant increase of membrane‐bound SCF expression, reaching its peak 8–16 days after anagen induction in concert with the escalation of cutaneous tyrosinase activity and corresponding pigmentation. Administration of KIT–neutralizing antibody abolished MITF and tyrosinase expressions, resulting in a reversible hair depigmentation in murine regenerated hair and human hair organ culture. Quantitative RT‐PCR of human hair follicles indicated that KIT expression as well as the expression of several melanogenic factors, including MITF, was significantly lower in unpigmented than in pigmented follicles. Taken together, these data revealed a pivotal role of SCF–KIT signalling in the maintenance of human hair follicle melanogenesis during the anagen cycle and its involvement in physiological ageing of the hair follicle pigmentary unit. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the strategies used by a Swedish franchise company when they established in the international market.Theoretical perspective: The theoretical fr ...


There is provided a burner comprising a pilot cone and the mounting insert. Cone configured to guide the mounting guide insert isolated cone assembly. Further, there is provided a method for increasing the operating includes a guide cone assembly and installation of the burner insert life. Pilot cone assembly having a conical side surface and further comprising at least one side surface, wherein the other side surface is disposed substantially parallel to one side surface of the insert is mounted and spaced apart, so that the insert and mounted on the other side having a gap defined between the side surface of the member. Significantly reducing the heat in the operation of the burner, through the gap between the side surface and the other side surface of the insert mounting at least one contact point of expansion. Finally, there is provided a method of assembly.


ABSTRACT: Polyacrylamide (PAM) has been demonstrated to greatly reduce erosion in furrow irrigation, but much less is known about its effectiveness on the much steeper slopes typical of construction sites. The purpose of this study was to determine if anionic PAM would enhance erosion control either alone on bare soil or in combination with four types of ground covers commonly used for grass establishment: straw, straw erosion control blanket (ECB), wood fiber, and mechanically bonded fiber matrix (MBFM). Tests were conducted under natural rainfall and vegetation on a 4 percent slope (bare soil, straw, ECB, and MBFM) or using a rainfall simulator (bare soil, straw, wood fiber, MBFM) on either 10 percent or 20 percent slope on three different soil substrates. All ground cover treatments were evaluated with and without PAM applied in solution at 19 kg/ha. The straw, ECB, and MBFM significantly reduced runoff volume, average turbidity, and total sediment lost over five rainfall events on the vegetated plots. The addition of PAM to ground covers only occasionally had significant effects on runoff parameters but did significantly increase vegetative coverage overall. The rainfall simulator tests produced similar results after four events, with the straw, wood fiber, and MBFM all having significantly lower turbidity than the bare soil. The PAM significantly reduced turbidity for both the first and second events but did not consistently improve runoff quality after multiple rainfall events for any ground cover‐soil combinations tested. Separate tests of PAM applied before or after straw did not indicate a clear advantage of either approach, but runoff turbidity was often significantly reduced with PAM, especially at the 20 percent slope. Turbidity reductions were attributed to flocculation of eroded sediment.


Date submitted 25 August 2011 Project Title Face-zine the Future: Moving to online teaching Project Leader Dr Pamela Cowan Institution Queen's University, Belfast Partners Dr Pamela Cowan, Lecturer, School of Education, Queen's University Belfast 1. Reverend Professor Peter Neil, Head of School of Education, University of the West of Scotland 2. Dr Eileen Winter, Adjunct Lecturer, School of Education, Queen's University Belfast 3. Project Start date 1 March 2010


Flow past open cavities is well known to give rise to highly coherent and selfsustained oscillations. The oscillations lead to undesirable aeroacoustic resonance. The self-sustained oscillations arise from a feedback loop which is formed as a result of successive events that take place in sequence: roll up of the separating shear layer that is convectively unstable, formation of vortices, vortices hitting the trailing edge of the cavity, propagation of the generated acoustic wave toward to the leading edge, and the receptivity process at the leading edge which set the initial amplitude and phase of the instability waves in the separating shear layer. In particular, when the process is coupled with an acoustic resonance, an intense aerodynamic noise is radiated from the cavity. This character is common to basically all cavity noises regardless of the Mach number. This type of aeroacoustic noise is referred as the cavity noise. But there are scarce bibliography regarding cavity flow control under free incident turbulent flows. So, our main interest is boundary layer control using cavity flows. On doing that we study the characteristics of the cavity flow when the incident free stream is turbulent and how to achieve some control on its vortex pattern inside and the surroundings, and the developed turbulent boundary layer outside the cavity. We intend to use the cavity flow generated as a active flow control system to manage the turbulent boundary layer outside it, using a suction and/or blowing system inside it. An experimental setup was made in order to study the vortex behavior and its incidence on the turbulent boundary layer configuration. As results we show the vortex generated inside the cavity and the turbulent boundary layer behavior related to them, also we include the vortex flow control system instrumentation and characterization.


The lens with continuously adjustable focal length of the utility model comprises a hollow structure double-layer lens, transparent liquid, a liquid reservoir and a piston motion control device. The lens here can be an eyeglass or a magnifying glass. The utility model is a focal length continuously adjustable eyeglass. The eyeglass cavity (4) of the lens with continuously adjustable focal length can be injected with the transparent liquid (14), and the fluid reservoir (6) is provided with a rack bar (8) whose front end is assembled with a piston (9). A transmitting gear handle (10) can move the rack bar (8) to push or extract the transparent liquid (14) into or out of the eyeglass cavity (4) to realize the eyeglass (2) focal length continuous control. This product has simple structure, few elements, low cost and easy use. The lens with continuously adjustable focal length has the characteristic of focal length continuously adjustable, and plays a certain protective action to eyes.


Amongst the invertebrate species native to Namibia is the brown mussel P. perna, a rock mussel species which feeds on phytoplankton. This study focused on key population dynamics of P. perna, namely length frequency and biomass. Samples were collected at Long Beach 15.256 km from Swakopmund and 15.267 km from Walvis Bay on the rocky shore. Samples were collected from 10cm x 10cm quadrats along a line transect from the spring low water mark to the spring high water mark, within the intertidal zone. Samples were frozen at -20˚C for laboratory analysis which included length measurements and biomass determination to calculate the condition index. Results showed there was no significant variation in length frequency and in biomass of P. perna, with temperature fluctuations.


Some Features of alpha-T2 Space in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Topology [ Download ] Rafiqul Islam The Research of Smart Surveillance System Using Hadoop Based On Craniofacial Identification [ Download ] Venkata Lakshmi.K, Venkateswaran .S Evaluating the Performance of OFDM Transceiver for Image Transfer Using 16 PSK and 16 QAM Modulation Schemes [ Download ] Zain ul Abidin Jaffri, Muhammad Tahir, Sundas Rauf A Novel Approach to Reliability Analysis Using Petri Nets and Ladder Logic Diagrams [ Download ] Majid Pakdel and Kazem Mazlumi Flow Characteristic in Parshall Flume – A Review [ Download ] Jalam Singh, H.L.Tiwari, S.K.Mittal


Using innovative front-end electronics developed for the 36-fold segmented High-Purity Germanium detector of AGATA Array we were able to significantly extend the range of spectroscopic measurements well beyond the fast pipeline ADC limit. To do that above a certain threshold we are automatically switching from a standard pulse height analysis to a Time-over-Threshold [TOT] method (Wilkinson like) and we thus obtain an unprecedented intrinsic dynamic range as large as 100 dB. To achieve that performance the structure of the front-end electronics consists of a very low noise and very high dynamic range charge-sensitive preamplifier followed by a passive pole-zero cancellation circuit including a highly accurate Fast-Reset circuit controlled by a fast comparator and zero crossing detector. With a large AGATA detector we could extend the initial dynamic range measured with a standard pulse height spectroscopic method from 3 keV - 10 MeV up to 180 MeV (equivalent gamma energy, measured with large pulser signal). The intrinsic energy resolution (i.e. electronic noise) is 900 eV @ 39 pF detector capacity. The energy resolution above the comparator threshold measured with the present TOT method is below 0.05 % @ 100 MeV (equivalent gamma energy i.e. pulse signals with amplitudes about 10 times higher than the ADC analog input range). The measured energy resolution is in very good agreement with analytical calculation and with intercomparison measurements with normal pulse height mode only and reduced electronic gain. The new time-variant circuit technique, proposed for nuclear pulse spectroscopy, permits a substantial improvement of the energy measurement dynamic range. This technique can be directly used in many other experimental pulse spectroscopic methods where the sensor is in a first approximation an equivalent capacitor.


Adam Holzman for teaching me how to take myself seriously as a musician, a teacher and a person. Robert Duke for pushing me to look deeply at my own teaching. My students for their patience, honesty and support while I tried out new teaching materials. Martha Mier for her lovely piece, " Evening Prayer, " and to Alfred Publishing for allowing me to arrange and include it. Most of all I would like to thank my wife, Wendy Kuo, for her love, support and incredible dedication to the art of music teaching. Without her none of this would have been possible. The purpose of this treatise is to discuss general principles of learning as they relate to classical guitar instruction, review extant guitar methods in wide use, and provide a beginning method book for the classical guitar. Five principles of learning are explored in relation to guitar pedagogy: Early integration of skills, pattern recognition development, sequencing of material, use of pre-existent knowledge, and the development of metacognition. The final chapter describes the author's guitar method, " An Integrated Approach to Beginning Music-Making on the Guitar, " which is written to conform to the five principles of learning cited above. This treatise begins with the assumption that a sound methodology of instruction should be based on current understanding of how people learn most effectively. Five principles of learning are explored in relation to guitar pedagogy: Early integration of skills, pattern recognition development, sequencing of material, use of pre-existent knowledge, and the development of metacognition. Bruner states in The Process of Education: " We begin with the hypothesis that any subject can be taught in some intellectually honest form to any child at any stage of development. " 1 Applied to music, an " intellectually honest form " involves making and understanding music in a way that creates meaningful music. On the surface, introducing to beginning students the complex set of skills required for expert musical performance seems difficult if not impossible. The coordination involved in performing pitches to a pulse while modulating volume, tone, and tempo to accurately reflect phrasing and form initially appears out of reach of the beginner. However, if the material is simple enough that it can easily be grasped by the student, he can begin to incorporate many, if not all, of the basic concepts of music performance that the expert musician employs in his own performance. …


Abstract
Since the inception of Public Law 94-142, the delivery of services to children with exceptional learning needs (ELNs) has continually changed in an effort to provide optimal programming in least restrictive environments. The roles and responsibilities of teachers have also changed with the most dramatic changes likely seen in the roles of general education teachers, also known as inclusion teachers, serving children with ELNs. Federal mandates require general education teachers be actively involved in the referral and Individualized Education Program process. Once children with ELNs are serviced in inclusion classrooms, collaboration between the inclusion teacher and many professionals becomes an essential part of service delivery. This chapter focuses on elements of successful collaboration for planning, instructional delivery, and assessment, as inclusion teachers apply the principles of Universal Design for Learning and Differentiated Instruction. Academic, behavioral, and social needs of children in inclusive environments are also addressed as are essential elements addressing the collaborative roles and responsibilities of general education teachers as they embrace the opportunity to teach in inclusive classrooms.


Differential correlation has been widely used technique to estimate integer frequency offset (IFO) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) systems. In the literature some authors use two preambles while the others use one preamble for this purpose. Differential correlation approach using one preamble only exploits the correlation among adjacent subcarriers. In this paper we propose an extended differential correlation approach using one preamble. The proposed method not only uses the correlation between adjacent subcarriers but also uses the correlation between non adjacent subcarriers. The performance of the proposed IFO estimation approach is compared with the existing IFO estimation approaches.


We use femtosecond x-ray diffraction to make a quantitative study of the structural symmetry-breaking coherent Eg mode of bismuth created by intense laser excitation. Coherent amplitudes on the order of 0.1 pm are observed.


BACKGROUND
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in dogs carries a poor prognosis. Sildenafil increases exercise capacity and improves hemodynamics in people with PAH.

HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
Dogs receiving sildenafil will have lower pulmonary arterial pressure, increased exercise capacity, and better quality of life (QOL) than dogs receiving placebo.

ANIMALS
Thirteen dogs with echocardiographic evidence of PAH.

METHODS
Prospective short-term, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Dogs with PAH were randomly allocated to receive sildenafil or placebo for 4 weeks, followed by the alternative treatment for 4 weeks.

RESULTS
Dogs receiving sildenafil had a significantly lower estimated pulmonary arterial pressure (median, 56 mmHg; range, 34-83 mmHg) than at baseline (median, 72 mmHg; range, 61-86 mmHg; P=.018), but not significantly lower than those receiving placebo (median, 62 mmHg; range, 49-197 mmHg). Exercise capacity was significantly greater in dogs receiving sildenafil than those receiving placebo (mean activity count per minute: 101+/-47 versus 74+/-32; P=.05). QOL scores were significantly higher in dogs receiving sildenafil than dogs receiving placebo.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Sildenafil decreases systolic pulmonary arterial pressure from baseline in dogs with PAH and is associated with increased exercise capacity and QOL when compared to treatment with placebo.


This compact little volume includes the text of all but two of the conferences given at the Louvain Journkes bibliques in 1952. As the title suggests, the principal theme is the highly important one of Messianism, and one or other aspect of this complex subject is dealt with by the various contributors. The competence of the writers who have collaborated in this volume will commend it to readers who wish to acquaint themselves with the trend of, recent studies in this department. The introductory essay L' Etude d u Messianisme : Problbmes et Mtthodes by B. Rigaux gives the general setting of the problem of Messianism at the present day in the light of the latest research. In the chapter entitled Les Origines d u Messianisme : le Dernier Essai de Synthbse HistoriqNe Professor Coppens discusses the studies of a distinguished representative of the Scandinavian school, S. Mowinckel. Two further contributions by Professor Coppens are entitled L a Prophhtie d'EmmartzceZ and L a Christologie de Saint Paul. Other contributions on the messianic theme are Le Serviteur de Yahwe' by Professor V. de Leeuw, Le Messianisme Royal dans le Nouveau, Testament by Professor A. Descamps, Le Christ et ses miracles dans I'Evangile de Saint Jean by Professor L. Cerfaux and Prophdtisme et Attente d'un Messie-prophkte dans le Judahme by Professor J. Giblet. The remaining essay in the collection is Judai'sme ou hellhnisme en rapport avec le Nouveazl Testament by Professor R. de Langhe. This contribution is not immediately connected with the theme of Messianism but it reopens the debate on a question of great interest, viz. the relative importance of the Jewish and hellenistic background for the interpretation of the New Testament. Studies by men like Deissmann (cf. Licht vom Osten), have emphasized the link with the hellenistic Koin6, but Professor de Langhe gives many remarkable examples to show that the Old Testament and Jewish background deserves greater consideration than it has sometimes received. It is not the purpose of these essays to offer final solutions on debated questions. They set out rather to clarify the problems and describe the more notable tendencies in present day studies of the messianic hope and its fulfilment. That is an exceedingly laudable aim at the present time when the multiplication of specialised studies makes it so difficult to keep in touch with developments in various departments of biblical studies. Students of the Scriptures will be grateful to the authors of this collection for valuable guidance on the discussion of a fundamental theme of the sacred books. JOHN A. O'FLYNN Bruges, 1954. Pp. 186.


The production status,consumption situation and breakdown of consumption of paraformaldehyde in China are introduced in detail. In 2005, the output of paraformaldehyde in China was 29.324 thousand tons, import volume and export volume was 41.963 thousand tons and 287 tons respectively, and the apparent consumption was 71 thousand tons. Meanwhile, the application and market consumption of paraformaldehyde in the fields of pesticide and others in China were analyzed and forecasted. Finally, some suggestions on the development of paraformaldehyde industry were also put forward.


A recent observation has shown that a common polymorphism in the α1‐antichymotrypsin (ACT) gene modifies the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4‐associated Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk identifing the combination of the ACT/AA and ApoE ε4/ε4 genotypes as a potential susceptibility marker for AD. We analyzed the segregation of the ApoE and ACT polymorphism in sporadic and familial AD patients. In none of the sporadic AD patients did we find the combination of the ACT/AA and ApoE ε4/ε4 genotypes. The frequency of ApoE ε4/ε4 homozygosity in the AD sample resulted highest for the ACT/TT genotype (17.6%). Our data fail to confirm any additional association with AD beyond the ApoE ε4 allele with any ACT genotype, suggesting that ACT does not represent an additional risk factor for AD.


Pirt licensing and halal certification in the village of Panembahan, Plered, Cirebon. This PKM aims to increase the understanding of food and beverage SMEs in the village of Panembahan, Plered, Cirebon, about the importance of pirt licensing and halal certification to increase the selling value of products and also consumer buying interest. The implementation of this PKM is carried out using lecture, tutorial, and discussion methods. The results of this PKM program are (1) SMEs understand the importance of pirt licensing and halal certification, and are motivated to continue it, (2) SMEs understand the procedures for pirt licensing, and (3) SMEs understand the procedures for halal certification. Thus, consumer buying interest and consumer trust are expected to increase through the presence of pirt numbers and halal labels. besides that it is also expected to increase product sales and the welfare of the people in Panembahan Village, Plered, Cirebon.


. In a recent paper, Lubinsky proved eigenvalue distribution results for a class of Hankel matrix sequences arising in several applications, ranging from Padé approximation to orthogonal polynomials and complex analysis. The results appeared in Linear Algebra and its Applications, and indeed many of the statements, whose origin belongs to the field of approximation theory and complex analysis, contain deep results in (asymptotic) linear algebra. Here we make an analysis of a part of these findings by combining his derivation with previous results in asymptotic linear algebra, showing that the use of an already available machinery shortens considerably the considered part of the derivations. Remarks and few additional results are also provided, in the spirit of bridging (numerical and asymptotic) linear algebra results and those coming from analysis and pure approximation theory.


This article deals with the introduction of European wind‐ and watermill technology by the Dutch in Asia, and it links this development to the gradual shift from a trading empire to a territorial state. The article evaluates how this technology fitted in with Asian technologies, why the Dutch trading company invested so much money and energy in keeping the new technology working, and how this technology had to be adapted to local circumstances, particularly to the new physical environment. It also looks at indigenous reactions and the role of indigenous labor.


Okra (Abelmoschus esculenthus) is a vegetable plant consumed in immature and tender texture fruits. Crosses of local okra with introduced varieties are carried out to improve the character of the local cultivars. This study aimed to assess the variability of agronomic characters, both quantitative and qualitative characters of various families of the F2 populations and select superior families that can be used to produce new cultivars. The F2 population was derived from inbreeding and selection of the crosses between local okra cultivars with B291 and Ve022 as introduced cultivars. The study used an experimental method with an individual observation. Qualitative characters were described based on the descriptor by IBPGR, while quantitative characters were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed variation in each F2 family in plant height, the number of flowers per plant and the number of fruits per plant, except for SOMB291-16. FOHVE022-8, FOHB291-15, FOHVE022-17, SOMB291-23 and SOMB291-24 families could be selected due to the extended picking time were in line with the increase of fruit quality. A broad variability of quantitative characters was found for all characters, indicating a high opportunity to obtain valuable traits and desirable segregants in F2 populations. Variations in qualitative characters were found in stem color, leaf shape, fruit color and fruit shape. The selection of plants with specific characters could be maintained with inbreeding or self-pollinated desirable segregants.


1 Department of Livestock Production and Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh 2 Department of Poultry Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh 4 Department of Dairy Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh 5 Department of Animal Production Sciences and Health, Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Zimbabwe


Background: This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between the quality of work life and organizational commitment at Torbat Heydariye University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The population consisted of 329employees who were selected randomly. To measure quality of work life and organizational commitment, Valton questionnaire and Allen & Meyer questionnaire were used, respectively. Results: Findings revealed that there was a positive correlation between the quality of work life and organizational commitment (r=0.56) moreover, the quality of work life and organizational commitment in this organization was satisfactory and more than average. This study also showed that there was a positive correlation between quality of work life &affective commitment and  between quality of work life & normative commitment, but there was no significant correlation between quality of life & continuance commitment (r=0.22). Conclusion: Regression analysis indicated that fair compensation can predict organizational commitment more than other factors. Programs of quality of work life can increase employees' confidence and ability to solve problems which lead to promoting in job satisfaction and organizational commitment


The amygdala is essential for fear learning and memory. Synaptic transmission is enhanced in two pathways in the amygdala in fear conditioning. In this study we examined whether lateral (LA) to basolateral (BLA) amygdala synapses are potentiated and participate in intra‐amygdala plasticity during the maintenance of fear memory. Our data showed that synaptic strength from the LA (ventrolateral) to the BLA (parvicellular) pathway was not increased after fear conditioning and suggests that this pathway does not integrate information relevant to the coding of memories in auditory fear learning. Synapse 55:67–70, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of death from gynecological malignancies worldwide. Abnormal expression of zinc finger proteins has been extensively reported to be involved in malignant progression in a variety of cancers. However, clinical significance and biological roles of ZNF280A in the field of OC are poorly known. Methods: In this study, we demonstrated that ZNF280A was highly expressed in OC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Further, ZNF280A was significantly associated with clinical staging, infiltration, lymphatic metastasis, metastasis, and tumor recurrence of OC patients. Additionally, data of in vitro experiments indicated that knockdown of ZNF280A by its shRNA dramatically reduces the proliferation and migration ability of OC cells, while enhancing the cell apoptosis. Results: It was also verified by animal experiments that ZNF280A silencing would affect the growth of OC in vivo. Our study investigated the involvement of ZNF280A in the prognosis, progression and metastasis of OC. Conclusions: Therefore, our study identified ZNF280A as an optional prognostic factor in OC patients and can be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OC.


Recently available satellite land cover land use (LCLU) and albedo data are used to study the impact of LCLU change from 1973 to 2000 on surface albedo and radiative forcing for 36 ecoregions covering 43% of the conterminous United States (CONUS). Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow‐free broadband albedo values are derived from Landsat LCLU classification maps located using a stratified random sampling methodology to estimate ecoregion estimates of LCLU induced albedo change and surface radiative forcing. The results illustrate that radiative forcing due to LCLU change may be disguised when spatially and temporally explicit data sets are not used. The radiative forcing due to contemporary LCLU albedo change varies geographically in sign and magnitude, with the most positive forcings (up to 0.284 Wm−2) due to conversion of agriculture to other LCLU types, and the most negative forcings (as low as −0.247 Wm−2) due to forest loss. For the 36 ecoregions considered a small net positive forcing (i.e., warming) of 0.012 Wm−2 is estimated.


The probability of Ni-Cd battery survival was determined by researching survival data on cells fabricated from 1964-1977. A log of cell failure times were plotted against cumulative failure percentage and mean and standard deviation were determined.


Individual variability in mortality is widespread in nature. The general rule is that larger organisms have a greater chance of survival than smaller conspecifics. There is growing evidence that differential mortality between developmental stages has important consequences for the ecology and evolution of populations and communities. However, we know little about how it can influence diversification. Using an eco-evolutionary model of diversification that considers individual variability in mortality, we show that commonly observed differences in mortality between juveniles and adults facilitate ecological diversification. We find that juvenile-biased mortality reduces the threshold of minimum resource productivity required for diversification. Diversification is hence less restricted when mortality is more biased towards juveniles than when all individuals experience the same mortality rate. This is because, by altering the population composition, juvenile-biased mortality increases the strength of intraspecific competition. Strong intraspecific competition in turn induces frequency-dependent selection, which drives ecological diversification. Our results demonstrate the strong influence that differential mortality between developmental stages has on diversification, and highlight the need for integrating developmental processes into the theoretical framework of diversification.


The unconsolidated-undrained fast shear tests of saturated-unsaturated remolded soil samples under different moisture content which is 1.1%, 10.1%, 14.9%, 19.9%, 24.2%, 29.9%, 37.7% respectively, and normal stress which is 50kPa, 100kPa, 200kPa, 300kPa, 400kPa respectively, were studied by the modified SDJ-1-type strain direct shear apparatus and U.S. Lab VIEW data acquisition system. The shear strength parameters of unsaturated soil samples, i.e. general cohesion and general internal friction angle were obtained based on Mohr-Coulomb strength theory. The test results showed that the general cohesion firstly increased and then reduced with the moisture content increasing, and the general internal friction angle increased with the moisture content decreasing. The function between the general shear strength parameters and the moisture content was studied. The concept of general shear strength parameters was proposed in the paper, and would provide a simple and practical method to obtain the strength parameters for engineering practice.


A collection of regurgitated pellets and food remains was found below an occupied roost of the Madagascar Long-eared Owl Asio madagascariensis in southeastern Madagascar. The owls are taking a wide variety of prey including insects, frogs (Boophis), geckos (Uroplatus), birds (Eurystomus, Hypsipetes), bats (large Hipposideros), rodents {Eliurus spp., Rattus), and lemurs {Microcebus). This is the first quantitative information on the food habits of this owl species.


Computers can be used to re-create the behavior of ancient marine-organism communities with surprising effectiveness. Organism communities and their environments have been represented symbolically in a three-dimensional mathematical model embodied as a series of computer programs for IBM 7090/7094 computers. Factors affecting environmental conditions, such as depth of water, distance from shore, water turbulence, deposition of sediment, and salinity, can be adjusted by changing the numbers fed into the End_Page 616------------------------------ computer, thus regulating the model. By advancing the model through increments of geologic time, the response of the organism communities can be observed. This approach provides an experimental means of dealing with problems in which experimentation has, heretofore, been largely or wholly closed. The model may be used by initially populating the sea floor with organism communities whose behavior is to be studied. Each community is assigned certain properties which affect its response to different water depths, presence of mud and sand, and other environmental factors. These properties can be finely adjusted so that the communities "behave" more or less like their actual ancient counterparts, competing with each other and adapting to changing conditions. The adjustments can be made on a trial-and-error basis until satisfactory results, as determined by comparison with observed distribution of fossils, are obtained. Recent work with the model has dealt with environmental responses of leaf-like calcareous algae of the late Paleozoic. These algae were widespread in shallow Pennsylvanian and Early Permian seas, locally creating thickened banks or reefs. Today, some of these algal deposits serve as large oil reservoirs in southeastern Utah, northern Oklahoma, and West Texas. Exploration for these reservoirs will be enhanced if the environmental response of the organisms that created them can be determined experimentally and this knowledge used effectively in an exploration program. End_of_Article - Last_Page 617------------


Abstract:Although South Korea and Japan tend to maintain their identity as nonimmigration countries, a policy agenda for foreign residents has incrementally emerged, especially since the 1990s. In this comparative analysis, I examine the status of permanent and long-term residents and relevant policy changes that enhance their social and political rights regardless of naturalization. Permanent residents in Japan can access social welfare benefits such as the national pension, public assistance, and child allowances, but they are excluded from local suffrage. In contrast, permanent residents of South Korea have political rights in local elections while welfare coverage for them is restricted to public insurance, with no public aid entitlement. This difference represents a policy gap, caused by inconsistencies in the process of policy revisions and different priorities in policymaking.


The present investigation involves the meiotic studies on three populations of Cyathula capitata Moq. (family Amaranthaceae) from west Himalaya. All the three populations uniformly revealed chromosome count of 2n=34 which is the first ever report for the species. Male meiosis was abnormal in all the populations characterized by occurrence of chromatin stickiness, laggards and bridges leading to abnormal microsporogenesis. The two populations showed the phenomenon of cytomixis resulting into heterogenous sized pollen grains.


Giant cell tumour of soft tissue (GCT-ST) resembling osseous giant cell tumour is a distinct and uncommon entity. Here we present a 58 year old woman with a 1 year history of swelling located on the base of right thumb diagnosed on histology as giant cell tumour of soft tissue. The surgeon should keep a differential diagnosis as GCT-ST for any swelling of the finger. Giant cell tumour of soft tissue (GCT-ST) resembling osseous giant cell tumour is a distinct and uncommon entity. Here we present a 58 year old woman with a 1 year history of swelling located on the base of right thumb diagnosed on histology as giant cell tumour of soft tissue. The surgeon should keep a differential diagnosis as GCT-ST for any swelling of the finger. Keywords: Soft tissue, Giant cells tumor, Benign tumor, Tumor of finger


Evidence is presented that various types of pain-producing stimuli also release intracellular potassium, and that potassium is a pain-producing stimulus. If the potassium releasing process is inhib...


in mass unionism was the existence of a system of compulsory state arbitration, from 1901 in NSW and from 1904 in the Commonwealth. It has commonly been observed that the legislation was critical in assisting rapid trade union growth in the early 1900s. This article examines in more detail the factors common to both the 1880s and early 1900s which contributed to union mobilisation, and reviews the evidence for a major role for the arbitration system in the latter period. It concludes that the statistics have been misused and misunderstood by those previously relying on them to argue that the arbitration system was critical for the expansion of unionism in the early 1900s. Union growth in the early 1900s seems to have had a similar basis to that in the 1880s: strong localised communities, perceived threats to working conditions, and a strong coordinating role by peak union bodies, together with a broad consensus providing a public place for unions. The role of the state was a critical factor in the early 1900s in constructing this public place for unions, even if the operation of the arbitration system itself was not a major direct contributor to union growth.


This paper goes through the various aspects of smart-city transport developments that will be likely to be implemented in the near future. It presents the context of future smart city transport applications in terms of the technologies to be used, the user requirements and their expected behavioural changes, the data collection and monitoring, and the need for integration across all levels. It then gives three examples of smart city transport developments. They refer to the first case of a successful smart-city development in Greece (the city of Trikala) and to two large EU funded research projects that are dealing with the development of smart city transport applications (project Citimobil2) and autonomous mobility (project Show). The overall message is that smart city transport technological breakthroughs and innovations should go hand in hand with sustainability and livability objectives and should be mostly led by user requirements (i.e. bottom up).


Non-anesthetists now administer propofol during endoscopies at some centers in the U.S., Switzerland, Japan, and other countries. Although the safety


Optogenetics refers to a technique that uses light to modulate neuronal activity with a high spatiotemporal resolution, which enables the manipulation of learning and memory functions in the human brain. This strategy of controlling neuronal activity using light can be applied for the development of intelligent systems, including neuromorphic and in‐memory computing systems. Herein, a flexible van der Waals (vdW) optoelectronic synapse is reported, which is a core component of optogenetics‐inspired intelligent systems. This synapse is fabricated on 2D vdW layered rhenium disulfide (ReS2) that features an inherent photosensitive memory nature derived from the persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect, successfully mimicking the dynamics of biological synapses. Based on first‐principles calculations, the PPC effect is identified to originate from sulfur vacancies in ReS2 that have an inherent tendency to form shallow defect states near the conduction band edges and under optical excitation lead to large lattice relaxation. Finally, the feasibility of applying the synapses in optogenetics‐inspired intelligent systems is demonstrated via training and inference tasks for the CIFAR‐10 dataset using a convolutional neural network composed of vdW optoelectronic synapse devices.


The article discusses ways to improve the quality of education through the use of Venn diagrams in the organization of lectures. It is based on the fact that in all branches of theoretical mechanics, which belong to the group of technical sciences, using this method can achieve the desired result based on the demonstration of students' mastery of basic words and phrases related to science.


This paper proposes a fuzzy state-of-charge (SOC) estimation for ReflexTM battery charging, which allows rapid and efficient charging for sealed lead-acid batteries used in electric vehicles. The proposed SOC estimation can avoid undercharging or overcharging. Overcharge in particular can shorten a battery's lifetime. The charging control and the SOC estimation are based on fuzzy theorem and they are implemented by a digital signal controller (dsPIC30F4011). The battery's SOC is estimated while the system was charging the battery and the estimated error is maintained within an acceptable range (±5%) . Moreover, this system used a method of equivalent internal resistance to calculate the internal resistance of the batteries. During the ReflexTM charging, the controller can self-tune the discharging time according to the internal resistances, which reduces the thermal rises and the lifetimes for the batteries. Finally, experimental results are provided to verify the performance of the system and the feasibility of the proposed SOC estimation in this paper.


Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with neurodegeneration in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Lipid storage organelles (lipid droplets, LDs), accumulate in many cell types in response to stress, and it is now clear that LDs function not only as lipid stores but also as dynamic regulators of the stress response. However, whether these LD functions are always protective or can also be deleterious to the cell is unknown. Here, we investigated the consequences of LD accumulation on retinal cell homeostasis in transgenic flies and mice overexpressing fatty acid transport protein (FATP) in retinal pigment cells (RPCs). In wild-type Drosophila, overexpression of dFatp specifically in RPCs resulted in an expansion of LD size in both RPCs and in neighboring photoreceptors but was non-toxic. Similarly, in mice, LD accumulation induced by RPC-specific expression of human FATP1 was non-toxic and promoted mitochondrial energy metabolism in both RPCs and photoreceptor cells. In contrast, RPC-specific dFatp knockdown reduced neurodegeneration in Aats-metFB Drosophila mutants, which carry a defective respiratory chain, indicating that abnormal LD accumulation can be toxic under pathological conditions. Collectively, these findings indicate that FATP-mediated LD formation in RPCs induces a non-autonomous increase of LDs in photoreceptors that promotes homeostasis under physiological conditions but can be deleterious under pathological conditions. Author Summary Lipids are major cell constituents and are present in the membranes, as free lipids in the cytoplasm, or stored in vesicles called lipid droplets (LDs). Under conditions of stress, lipids stored in LDs can be released to serve as substrates for energy metabolism by mitochondria. However, lipid storage is deregulated in many degenerative disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, it is unclear whether accumulation of LDs is protective or can also be toxic. To address this question, we examined the consequences of enforced LD accumulation on the health of retinal cells in flies and mice. Like humans, fly and mouse retinas contain retinal pigment cells (RPC) that support the functions of neighboring photoreceptor cells. We found that overexpression of the fatty acid transport protein (FATP) in RPCs induced accumulation of LDs in both transgenic flies and mice. Moreover, LD accumulation in RPCs had a beneficial effect on juxtaposed photoreceptors under normal physiological conditions, but was toxic under pathological stress conditions. We propose that lipid storage is a mechanism of cellular communication that is essential to maintain photoreceptor health.


The main objective of the present paper is to identify the most relevant features and developments of the trade in goods between Romania and China between 2000 and 2012, drawing upon the statistical data provided by the Romanian Ministry of Economy and the National Institute of Statistics. The result of our analysis shows that, although the Romanian and Chinese economies reveal complementarities able to generate considerable opportunities for trade, the bilateral trade relations could not be developed yet to their full potential. The Chinese-Romanian trade in goods kept rising during the last decade, reaching a record high in 2011 in spite of the economic crisis, but its overall level remains low. Exports and imports are still unbalanced and goods are often channeled through intermediary countries because direct connections between Romanian and Chinese companies are still poor. Also, the trade structure had an unfavorable evolution from Romania's standpoint. Nevertheless, the outlook is encouraging, considering the new opportunities created by the Chinese leadership decisions to more intensely foster and stimulate economic cooperation with Central and Eastern European countries in future years.


A binary system of NaCrO2–TiO2, NaxCrxTi1–xO2 (1.0 ≥ x ≥ 0.5), is systematically examined, and the electrodes' performance is tested in Na cells. Different layered phases, O3, Na-deficient O3, P2, and P3, are found in this system, as confirmed by X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. Among them, P2-type Na2/3Cr2/3Ti1/3O2 and P3-type Na0.58Cr0.58Ti0.42O2 show excellent electrode performance as positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. P2 Na2/3Cr2/3Ti1/3O2 shows excellent rate capability as a positive electrode, and average voltage based on Cr3+/Cr4+ redox in a Na cell is increased compared with that of O3-type NaCrO2. The operating voltage of Cr3+/Cr4+ is also enhanced because of an inductive effect of Ti4+ substitution for Cr3+. However, the reversible range is limited to x < 1/3 in Na2/3–xCr2/3Ti1/3O2 associated with partial Cr oxidation to Cr6+ and migration into tetrahedral sites upon charging, as found by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. P3 Na0.58Cr0.58Ti0.42O2 d...


To acquire true polarization scattering matrix (PSM) of target, the polarization performance of radar system is needed to be known. This paper proposes a measurement model for polarization error matrix. And in regard to the error caused by polarization basis mismatch, the measurement model is recast. A field-circuit co-simulation method is introduced to analyze the impact of polarization basis mismatch on the measurement results. The results show that the measurement of cross-polarization level and the amplitude of gV/gH (i.e. gain imbalance between two co-polarization channels) are deteriorated by the misalignment error, and the test of the phase of gV/gH is tolerated.


The invention discloses a safe mine pressure monitoring method and device for a roof and relates to the technical field of safe mine pressure monitoring. The method is used for carrying out simultaneous monitoring on anchoring force, the stability of deep wall rocks of the roof and the surface deflection at a same fracture surface of a roadway or a chamber. The device comprises a roof abscission layer monitoring device, an anchoring force monitoring device, a deep displacement monitoring device and roadway surface displacement monitoring devices, wherein each device is connected with a ground control system through a transmission system, and the monitoring devices are provided with signal acquisition components to realize simultaneous online monitoring and lag monitoring. According to the safe mine pressure monitoring method and device for the roof, the comprehensive comparative analysis is carried out on the anchoring force, the abscission volume and the deflection numeral value of the roof and the composite multi-index comparison is utilized to warn and predict the safety of the roof, strong guarantees are provided for the safe production of underground projects such as coal mines and metal mines.


Cardiovascular disease poses a major health care burden in the Western world. Following myocardial injuries, ventricular remodelling and dysfunction ensue, which can eventually culminate in heart failure.An important event in left ventricular (LV) remodelling is alteration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, the structural network that interconnects the myocardial components.The critical role of ECM remodelling in cardiac dilation and heart failure was recognized more than a decade ago, and the molecular factors responsible for this process are now being explored. Abnormal ECM turnover is primarily


The porous medium consisting of rectangular blocks is considered. In the case of slide contact on interfaces the averaged effective model can be established for this medium. The equations describing wave propagation in this effective model are investigated.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of physical and cognitive characteristics of elderly individuals living in nursing homes on their smartphone usage. The study included 67 volunteer individuals residing in a nursing home in Muğla. Sociodemographic characteristics and smartphone usage details of the individuals were questioned using a form prepared by the researchers. Participants' physical functions were assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test, the 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test, and the Berg Balance Scale. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) was used to examine cognitive function. The mean age of the individuals included in the study was 74.18±3.26 years. A statistically significant moderate positive relationship was observed between the smartphone usage duration and MoCA score of the individuals (r=0.530, p0.05). As per the results of our study, an increase in smartphone usage duration has been seen to be associated with the preservation of cognitive abilities in elderly individuals. We believe that smartphones, which can provide access to various health services when used effectively, as well as meeting the socialization needs of individuals living in nursing homes, play an essential role in promoting active aging.


Abstract : The Soviet Union first became interested in the so-called Third World countries in the mid-1950s under Khrushchev. The failure of Soviet policies led to major reorientation of Soviet Third World policy and a new strategy was formulated, designed to avoid the pitfalls of the past and reflect Moscow's growing global assertiveness. The new strategy rejected the previous emphasis on peaceful transition, i.e., through elections to socialism, which was now said to result in the degeneration of revolutionaries into parliamentary cretinism, and advocated direct revolutionary action instead. Once a regime dependent on Soviet help has been established, the new strategy calls for a prompt and radical transformation of the traditional socio-political and economic structures along Marxist-Leninist lines under Soviet bloc guidance. Once in power, the revolutionaries' allowance with the Soviets becomes essential because it guarantees them military and political security, a certain international legitimacy as a result of the vociferous acclaim of the Socialist bloc, and most importantly a proven system for the political control of potentially hostile populations. It is within this context that Soviet involvement in the developments in Nicaragua and Central America need to be examined.


he role of four bioagents, i.e. Bacillus subtilis , Pseudomonas fluorescens, yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and Trichoderma viride, in controlling damping-off disease of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. The greenhouse experiment indicated that all the tested bioagents significantly reduced the incidence of the disease compared to control treatment. The most effective treatments were B. subtilis, T. viride and P. fluorescens which reduced disease incidence by more than 83.7 and 74.5% for pre- and post-emergence damping-off, respectively, while increased the plant survival by 90.3, 86.1 and 87.6%, respectively, compared to 26.3% in untreated plants. These treatments also increased the dry and fresh weights of bean shoot and root as well as resulted in considerable increases in the activities of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and chitinase by 260.0, 109.0 and 218.3%, respectively. Under field conditions, all the tested bioagents significantly reduced disease incidence with considerable increases in plant survival and higher seed yield during the two seasons (February of 2009 and 2010) of study. During the first season, B. subtilis T. viride, S. cerevisiae and P. fluorescens were found to be the most effective bioagents which reduced the disease incidence with more than 61.3 and 41.3% than the control for pre- and post- emergence damping-off, respectively. The corresponding percentages of survived plants were 78.2, 79.0, 75.2 and 76.8%, respectively, viz. 38.5% for the control. On the other hand, the most effective treatments for increasing seed yield were S. cerevisiae followed b y P. fluorescens , being 894.95 and 748.1 kg/feddan viz. 269.2 kg/feddan for the control. The other two bioagents showed moderate effect. The same trend was obtained during the second season. It could be suggested that such bioagents might be promising as alternatives to synthetic fungicides for controlling bean damping-off caused by S. rolfsii .


Tourism researchers and the tourism industry rely heavily on data-driven market segmentation analysis for both knowledge development and market insight. Most algorithms used in data-driven market segmentation are exploratory; they do not generate one single stable result. Only when data are well-structured (when very clear, distinct market segments exist in the data) are repeated calculations likely to generate the same segmentation solution. When data lack structure, which is frequently the case in empirical consumer data sets, repeated calculations lead to different solutions. Running a market segmentation analysis once only can therefore lead to an entirely random solution that does not represent a strong foundation for developing a long-term market segmentation strategy. The present study (1) explains the problem, (2) assesses how high the risk is of random solutions occurring in tourism market segmentation studies, and (3) recommends an approach that can be used to avoid random solutions.


With the development of industry of network games,disputes concerning virtual property in network games increase rapidly.At present,although most of the scholars admits the property attribute of it,great differences still exist about its right attribute.There is no specific legislation defining its nature in our country,and it's difficult to lodge a complaint after the right of virtual property being infringed on due to the lack of legal restriction.Therefore,it's of great urgence to strengthen legislation and to protect the legal rights and interest of players of network games.


Formula study is the bridge of basic subject of TCM and clinical base subject of TCM. Its teaching quality can impact the students' interest of TCM. The author found that herbal medicine comparison method could increase the interest and deepen the understanding effectively.Hence the inserted time, difficult degree and interaction principle of this method were illustrated in the paper, assisted by concrete examples.


Dheeraj Shah MD, DNB, MNAMS is an Associate Professor in Pediatrics at University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi. He is also the Associate Editor of Indian Pediatrics . Dr. Shah has served as a visiting fellow at The Royal college of Pediatrics and Child Health, London, UK and was an Associate Professor at the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.


On the big difference of power consumption at LF,the passing rate of steel temperature is low in tundish,optimized on FSF or LD,continuous casting,process organization,ladle,tundish,and in all aspects,then power consumption of LF is lower than the original about 8kW·h/t,the pass rate of temperture of molten steel in the tundish was 85% to 97% in now.


In order to assess the safety and reliability of lap joint structures with dissimilar materials in aircraft, the mixed structure of CFRP and 2A12 was taken as an example, and a calculation model that based on the boundary element method was provided to simulate the galvanic corrosion. Depend on this, the research in the influence of the electrolyte concentration and the film thickness on the corrosion current density and potential distribution on the surface of simulation structures was developed. Meanwhile, the measured data was also used to verify the accuracy of the output result of the model. The comparsion result shows that outputs of the model are in good agreement with experiment datas. This model can be used to predict the galvanic corrosion in the lap joint structure in aircraft, thus minimizing the potential threats caused by corrosion to the flight safety.


In this paper we examine the post-socialist transformations of labour market institutions in the CIS and compare their performance after about 15 years of transition. During this period many CIS labour market institutions suffered a massive decay. We argue that this attrition was due to policy choices made early on in the transition when the CIS countries originally adopted models of public employment services and labour market policies funded through insurance-based schemes, without taking into account that unemployment was not an insurable risk ahead of their major transitional recessions. We also examine the links between labour market performance, types of labour market institutions, and the prevailing type of strategic coordination in the economy as classified within a varieties of capitalism framework. Initially we do not find an unambiguous link among the three and we conclude that the diversity of institutional setup in the CIS poses


To understand the possible influence of jasmonates on pollen germination, the effects of dihydrojasmonic acid (DHJA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on rice pollen germination were investigated. Rice pollens from spikelets of natural anthesis were harvested and immediately spread onto pollen germination mediums with or without DHJA or MeJA of different concentrations. After the pollens were cultured at 29 ℃ under moist condition for 5 minutes, the percentage of germinated pollen was surveyed with microscope. The results showed that DHJA and MeJA at the concentrations from 0.5 to 2.5 mmol/L inhibited the germination of rice pollens. At the concentration of 2.5 mmol/L, not only pollen germination was almost completely inhibited but also the phenomenon of matrix spraying out directly from the pollens with no germination was observed in DHJA or MeJA treatments.


This article carried out the grouping of village territories of Altay region depending on their specialization. It studies the efficiency of specialization and influence of the regional programs realization.


Scientific progress depends increasingly on the use and development of software and the combination of diverse software components. Scientific software, as well as the underlying hardware platforms, also evolve quickly. But when using different versions of software and operating systems the processing of complex data can lead to significantly different results, and thus is in conflict with the principle of reproducibility in natural sciences. Incomplete documentation and ambiguous quality of the software hamper the understanding, reuse and the reproducibility of generated results. In addition, available software code repositories are developed for industrial and open source community needs and do not meet the demands of the scientific community for the sustainable use of software in sciences.


The objective of secure outsourcing is to enforce authorizations specified by the data owner on the outsourced data as service provider cannot be trusted. It protects the location data from attackers while allowing authorized users to issue spatial queries that are executed efficiently by service provider. In this paper, we are proposing secure outsourcing mechanism for geospatial vector data by utilizing Hilbert R tree for transformation and indexing of outsourced data and Merkle Hash tree for secure storage of outsourced data as well as for preserving integrity of the query results generated by service provider.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had an unprecedented impact on the people of Ireland as waves of infection spread across the island during the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Viral whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has provided insights into SARS-CoV-2 molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and evolution and contributed to the development of anti-virals and vaccines. High levels of WGS have enabled effective SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance on the island of Ireland, leading to the generation of a sizeable data set with potential to provide additional insights into viral epidemiology. Because Ireland is an island, accurate documentation of travel rates to and from other regions, both by air and by sea, are available. Furthermore, the two distinct political jurisdictions on the island allow comparison of the impact of varying public health responses on viral dynamics, including SARS-CoV-2 introduction events. Using phylogenomic analysis incorporating sample collection date and location metadata, we identify multiple introduction and spreading events for all major viral lineages to the island of Ireland during the period studied (March 2020-June 2022). The majority of SARS-CoV-2 introductions originated from England, with frequent introductions from USA and northwestern Europe. The clusters of sequences predicted to derive from discrete introduction events ("introduction clusters") vary greatly in size, with some involving only one or two cases and others comprising thousands of samples. When introduction cluster samples are mapped sequentially by collection date, they appear predominantly in previously affected or adjacent areas. This mirroring of the phylogenetic relationships by the geospatiotemporal propagation of SARS-CoV-2 validates our analytic approach. By downsampling, we estimate the power to detect introductions to Ireland as a function of sequencing levels. Per capita normalisation of both sequencing levels and detected introductions accounts for biases due to differing sequencing efforts and total populations. This approach showed similar rates of introductions for all major lineages into Northern Ireland (NI) and Republic of Ireland (RoI) with the exception of Delta, which was higher in NI which is likely attributable to higher travel per capita. However, there were similar rates of Delta infection within NI and RoI, suggesting that although travel restrictions will reduce risk of introducing novel variants to the region, they may not substantially decrease total incidence. Our generalisable methodology to study introduction dynamics and optimal sequencing levels will assist public health authorities to select the most appropriate control measures and viral sequencing strategy.


In the course of determining traces of noble metals in analytical grade and specpure inorganic thallium compounds by activation analysis it proved difficult to obtain a sufficiently high decontamination factor for the thallium matrix. One of the methods tried for matrix decontamination was the separation of thallium on hydrated antimony pentoxide. The exchange behavior of five inorganic thallium salts towards HAP was studied in six different media in column experiments. Single-step exchange appeared useful for the removal of bulk activity. Multi-step exchange permits analysis of traces in thallium compounds. (LK)


The Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) developed by Texas Instruments (TI) has made tremendous progress in both performance and reliability since it was first invented in 1987. From the first working concept of a bistable mirror, the DMD is now providing high-brightness, high-contrast, and high-reliability in over 1,500,000 projectors using Digital Light Processing technology. In early 2000, TI introduced the first DMD chip with a smaller mirror (14-micron pitch versus 17-micron pitch). This allowed a greater number of high-resolution DMD chips per wafer, thus providing an increased output capacity as well as the flexibility to use existing package designs. By using existing package designs, subsequent DMDs cost less as well as met our customers' demand for faster time to market. In recent years, the DMD achieved the status of being a commercially successful MEMS device. It reached this status by the efforts of hundreds of individuals working toward a common goal over many years. Neither textbooks nor design guidelines existed at the time. There was little infrastructure in place to support such a large endeavor. The knowledge we gained through our characterization and testing was all we had available to us through the first few years of development. Reliability was only a goal in 1992 when production development activity started; a goal that many throughout the industry and even within Texas Instruments doubted the DMD could achieve. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that we succeeded by exceeding the reliability goals.


The essays of Peter Fitzpatrick collected in this volume engage with a remarkably wide range of problems and questions of contemporary law without loosing touch of the central argument or thought that guides them. And in doing both these things simultaneously, they also accomplish a third: They constitute a performative articulation of their guiding thread and focus.


Objective To study the changes of the transient outward K+ current (Ito),delayed rectifier K+ current(IkDR) and the inward rectifier K+ current(Ik1) of the rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced by 5-Azacytidine(5-Aza) during proliferating and differentiating process in vitro. Methods MSCs were cultured according to related articles for two weeks and then some of the cells were induced by 5-Azacytidine.The experiment was divided into uninduced(cultured for 6w) and induced(1,2,3 and 4w) cell groups. Each week had twenty cells random tested by the whole-cell patch clamp technology and the K+ currents were identified by corresponding ionic blockers.Results The detection rate of the same type of K+ current during test weeks had no significant deviation;The three types of K+ current intensity were gradually augmented after being inducing cultured for 1,2,3 and 4 weeks(P0.05). As compared to the uninduced cells,the same type of K+ current intensity of 1w-induced cells had no significant deviation,however,the current intensity was augmented at 2w-induced cells(P0.05)and significant augmented at 4w-induced cells(P0.01).Conclusion 5-Aza induction showed an early stage augmenting effects to the MSCs induced by 5-Aza during proliferating and differentiating process in vitro.


An assessment was made of the role of children in the timing of womens employment in paid work after a birth. Data were obtained from the 1983-86 Panel Study of Income Dynamics on 597 American women aged 18-45 years with a birth after December 1982. Event history methods were used to determine the hazard of starting paid work for women who had a child. Explanatory variables were level of education work status during pregnancy race unemployment rate work experience income marginal federal income tax rate home ownership number of children ages of children and spacing of children. The conceptual framework was based on Backers new home economics which states that individuals attain their goals by allocating time and resources to this end subject to existing resource constraints and preferences. Opportunity costs are defined as the value of what is lost as the full wage of not working and reservation wage. Even though the assumption is made that the ratio of hazards stays constant over time Cox proportional hazard models were constructed and some time-varying variables were included. The findings revealed that 18% of women stopped work for 1 month or less. The probability of resuming work after 4 complete months was 50%; after 1 year 61%. Multivariate analysis showed that work during pregnancy had the most significant effect on future employment after a birth. Few variables were statistically significant. The likelihood of employment was 6.5 times higher for women who worked at least 7 months prior to the birth. After 6 months the likelihood was reduced to only 3 time higher. Home ownership increased the likelihood by 25% and each 1% increase in the marginal tax rate increased the likelihood by 5%; each $1000 of nonwage income lowered the likelihood by 36%. The implication was that paid maternity leave would encourage women to stay at home. There was no justification for business concerns that reproductive age women are a risk because of the likelihood of their not returning to paid work after childbirth and therefore should be disadvantaged in hiring and wage scales.


Translation is a way to transfer a message from the source language to the target language. To transfer a message from source language to the target language is not easy because the translator have to understand the meaning in the source text and then carry and restructure the meaning into the target text. Therefore, the researcher makes main problem of this study is: To what extent does the English version of the brochures carry the message of the Indonesian brochures? And the minor problems, i.e: how far are the content and vocabulary of the source text translated into the target texts? And how are the naturalness and sentence structure of the target texts? To find out the answer of the problems above, the researcher has analyzed four medical brochures by using translation rubric and the criteria of good translation. The researcher also asked to the experts (doctor, chemist and chemist assistant) to check the result and interviewed the users to support the data. As a result, the researcher found out that there are three of four medical brochures do not meet the criteria of good translation. In terms of content and vocabulary, there are three of four medical brochures many deviation and rendition. In terms of naturalness and sentence structure, there are three of four medical brochures is written in little attempt of using idiomatic expressions and have misuses words. In this following part, the researcher suggests that the translator have to know about the criteria of good translation, medical knowledge, the purpose of the translation and the result of the translation. Furthermore, the researcher should understands the source content text and able to transfer the source content text into target content text based on the criteria of a good translation. From this research, hopefully this study can enrich the research study in English Department and the analysis can give benefit in medical.


We propose a heterostructure laser based on a quantum wire of nanometer cross section embedded in its active region. The laser will be fabricated by the cleaved edge overgrowth technique by which uniform intersecting planes of strained GaAs thin layers, within an AlGaAs crystal will be formed. Our calculations show confining energies for both electrons and holes which are significantly higher than the thermal energy at room temperature. Thus, the proposed device is likely to operate well at room temperature and to materialize the predicted advantages of such a restricted geometry. We propose also a compatible novel two-dimensional structure which separate carriers and light confinement in two dimensions. The spectral gain and threshold current of the proposed device is realistically calculated. It is shown that these devices are best fitted into the active region of a surface emitting device.


— The exchange of goods between countries is grow- ing, contributing to the promotion of logistics-related technologies. More and more systems are adopting advances in science and engineering to reduce manual handling steps, thereby reducing transit time. Letter-of-Credit (LOC) is a standard method where the parties involved will enter into agreements for the sale and exchange of goods. Specifically, each party will receive a set of original documents and does not need to meet face-to-face under the bank's witness. The process brings many benefits in terms of time and reduces records processing. However, the system faces a lot of risks when one of the parties is dishonest. On the other hand, the traditional LOC systems face a lot of risks related to the transparency of information about the goods, and also the supplier may lose the goods (e.g., 4/100 Vietnamese cashew nut containers are lost. stuck in Italy) or deposits in the hands of shipping companies (e.g., GNN Express - Vietnam) and many more. To this end, many research directions have exploited blockchain technology and smart contracts. Specifically, all information related to the transaction between the supplier and the demander including package, time, and delivery location. However, there needs to be a mechanism to ensure the smooth implementation of smart contracts, specifically for sanctioning when there is a conflict between a supplier and a demander. This role should be considered for the transaction manager, who directly designs and is responsible for their smart contracts. Currently, there is no mechanism to guarantee all interests of the parties involved in non-bank transactions. To increase the processing capacity and integrate with the Blockchain system, we propose the Letter-of-credit Chain that defines the agreements between the parties in international trade. We also deploy the proof-of-concept of the Letter-of-credit Chain on the three EVM- supported platforms (i.e., under ERC20), namely, Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Fantom. By evaluating the actual execution of Gas for each platform, we found that our proposed model had the cheapest fee when deployed on the Fantom platform. Finally, we share the deployment/implementation of these platforms' proof-of-concept to encourage further future research.


The concept of concurrent users often causes confusion when used to define performance requirements in industrial software projects. The term is frequently used to state performance requirements without clarification of what the users will be doing, or how often. This paper offers a thorough analysis of the concept and related notions.
 Despite the confusion surrounding it, the concept of concurrent users -- in a precise form -- is advocated in the community for stating performance requirements. However, we argue in this paper that, even when stated in precise terms, this approach has drawbacks. Indeed, a system may perform better than expected, even if the number of concurrent users it can handle is worse than expected. A better suited notion is that of through-put.
 But even when basing performance requirements on clear, well-suited concepts, there appears to be no uniform format in the literature for such requirements. In particular, the requirements are sometimes stated in general, rather than for the specific areas of functionality of the system. As a consequence, the point may be missed that the through-put may be unevenly distributed over the functionality of the system. In this paper we therefore advocate the format of performance-annotated use cases, adding requirements on through-put and response-time to the traditional use case.
 It is well-known how functional test cases are developed from use cases. In contrast, less has been said about the generation of performance test cases. Therefore, we show how the enriched use cases not only provide precise and meaningful requirements, but also yield detailed specification of the performance test set-up which can be directly input as configuration of load test clients. As a bonus, initial configuration of the system's capacity for handling concurrent users and requests is also provided.
 Finally we outline an overall approach to performance test based on the above ideas. The approach has been followed in several industrial projects.


Manufacturers of thin-film transistor–liquid crystal displays (TFT–LCDs) have recently faced intense global competition and declining profits. They improve productivity and competitiveness by reducing cycle time, increasing equipment utilisation, integrating supply chain and planning facility setups. This article develops an advanced planning and scheduling (APS) system for 4.5th generation colour filter (CF) fabs via Microsoft Visual Basic for Application (VBA). The APS system considers the difference among orders and automatically assigns orders to production lines based on process characteristics while balancing equipment loading. The tabu-search (TS) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithms are applied to the APS system to optimise scheduling problems. Experimental results show that APS effectively completes the scheduling and saves approximately 75% of working time. These algorithms can also save approximately 15% of changeover waste and decrease the number of over-capacity days more effectively as compared with the original APS.


This paper deals with the numerical methods for the reconstruction of source term in linear parabolic equation from final overdetermination. We assume that the source term has the form f(x)h(t) and h(t) is given, which guarantees the uniqueness of the inverse problem for determining the source term $f(x)$ from final overdetermination. We present the numerical methods for both free boundary and Neumann boundary situations. Moreover, we show that the solution of the boundary conditions problem has the form of the free boundary solution problem by using the extension method. Numerical experiments are done for the inverse problem with the boundary conditions.


Trace metal monitoring in marine organisms and their living habitats permit to trace chronic or acute contaminations of marine ecosystems due to human activities. While dissolved trace metal concentrations give us an overall and punctual view over biota contamination status, bioindicator species put their bioavailable and possible toxic fraction in an obvious. However, difficulties mainly inherent to metal measurements in seawater lead field ecotoxicologists to study marine pollution essentially through the use of bioindicators alone. The technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) for the measurement of trace metals in aqueous solutions was introduced in the mid-ninetieth by Davison and Zhang. This passive probe accumulates labile trace metal species in proportion to their bulk environmental concentrations by maintaining a negative gradient between the environment and an ionexchange resin (Chelex). DGTs average natural water trace metal concentrations over the deployment period, concentrate them and avoid matrix interferences, notably due to dissolved salts in seawater. Their deployment in passive and experimental monitoring studies permits to reliably measure labile trace metal concentrations and, jointly analysed with bioindicators, to estimate their bioavailability to marine organisms.


The gas phase rovibrational spectrum of the ν3 band arising from the C≡N stretching vibration in the hydrogen bonded heterodimer HCN‐‐‐HF has been observed at 0.004 cm−1 instrumental resolution using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. Analysis of the spectrum gave the following molecular parameters (in cm−1): ν3=2120.935(12), α3=+5.06(19)×10−4, B'=0.119 283(19), D'J=2.30(7)×10−7. Excited state amplitude lifetimes of observed transitions are demonstrated to be 5.6(4)×10−10 s.


The focus of hazardous waste and wastewater control in chemical/petrochemical plants is soluble organics; heavy metal ions; pH; oils, greases and other floating materials; nutrients; suspended and colloidal solids; color, turbidity and odor; and priority pollutants. The authors research shows that many environmental control problems come from poor plant operation. Leakage from faulty valves, spills and improperly trapped suspended material are common. Curtailing pollutants should focus on technologies to manage wastewater sources such as process-vessel washdown, housekeeping, utility blowdown, lab wastes, waste streams from cooling towers, and stream-generating facilities.


16.2 EU-12

16.2.1 Introduction
16.2.2 Data source
16.2.3 Mapping between the consolidated input-output table of the European Union and the GTAP concordance