This Article gives an overview of arbitration litigation in Alabama, including the evolution of mental anguish jurisprudence in contract cases, especially with regard to the automobile and home industries; a proposal to bring Alabama law in line with controlling authorities through substantive and procedural reforms; and an appendix listing a decade of arbitration cases decided by Alabama appellate courts.


Having analysed the aesthetic appreciations of Chinese Wushu,the authors propose how to improve the students′ ability to appreciate Chinese Wushu in Wushu teaching.


This chapter talks about the Canonical and Apocryphal books. Sacred Scripture (or the canonical books) is the arrangement or compendium of sacred books originally composed by God through his divinely inspired servants, with consideration for each era and people, in language best understood by them. These writings are called "the holy Writing of God", "sacred", "sacred writing", and simply "writing" or "writings". The ancients attribute the difference in style to the translation of Luke, or Clement, or someone else. Tertullian ascribes the work to Barnabas. The manner of expression exonerates the Revelation to John. These books are divine, authentic, and canonical; besides these the ones either the Greeks or Latins connected to them are called 'noncanonical', which one considers as human, ecclesiastical, and apocryphal books (Origen, in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, book 6 chapter 19; Jerome, in the Preface). Keywords: Apocryphal book; Canonical book; Clement; God; Luke; Sacred Scripture


No one becomes an academic department chair in higher education without first having been a facultymember. After eighteen years as a faculty member at the same university, I was named interimdepartment chair in 2005. With this administrative appointment came the assumption of what Iperceived as a Janus job. In Roman mythology, Janus was the god associated with doorways andgates. He was frequently portrayed with two faces–one looking forward and one looking backward.Rather than being viewed as two-faced, Janus is more accurately described as vigilant. This imageseems to fit aptly the role of academic department chair, which Rud (2004) has identified as anunderstudied administrative role. In this essay I describe this particular leadership role and presentquestions for self-assessment.


CD19‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cells using murine single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) has shown substantial clinical efficacy in treating relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL). However, potential immunogenicity of the murine scFv domain may limit the persistence of CAR‐T cells. In this study, we treated 52 consecutive subjects with R/R ALL with humanized CD19‐specific CAR‐T cells (hCART19s). Forty‐six subjects achieved complete remission (CR) (N = 43) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) (N = 3) within 1 month post infusion. During the follow‐up with a median time of 20 months, the 1‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13–46), and 1‐year event‐free survival was 45% (95% CI 29–60). To the cutoff date, 20 patients presented CD19+ relapse and 2 had CD19− relapse. Among the 22 relapsed patients, 14 had treatment‐mediated and treatment‐boosted antidrug antibodies (ADA) as detected in a sensitive and specific cell‐based assay. ADA positivity was correlated with the disease relapse risk. ADA‐positive patients had a significantly lower CAR copy number than ADA‐negative patients at the time of recurrence (p < .001). In conclusion, hCART19s therapy is safe and highly active in R/R ALL patients, and the hCART19s treatment could induce the emergence of ADA, which is related to the recurrence of the primary disease.


Ohmic heating allows large food particles to heat at the same rate as liquids,and enables 'high temperature short time sterilization'of foods containing up to 25 mm particles,which is 50 60 percent in concentration.The controlling parameter is the electrical conductivity of the solid and liquid phases.


Where there is insufficient variation for a specific trait, or the available variation cannot be used due to hybridization barriers, mutagenesis may be used to create the variation. It is important to know the mutation frequency, efficiency and effectiveness of a particular mutagen dose. An experiment was conducted to determine mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) with the okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench, cvs. BCO-1 and Japanese Jhar Bhendi, at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West-Bengal, India. Total mutation frequency was highest in the gamma irradiation treatment than EMS. Gamma radiation induced a higher frequency of chlorophyll mutants than did EMS. A higher mutagenic effectiveness, at lower concentration/dose, of the mutagen occurred. The 300 and 400 Gy doses of gamma irradiation and the 0.1% EMS produced high mutagenic efficiency. Gamma radiation was the most effective and efficient in inducing mutations in okra cultivars than was EMS.


Background: Transfusion of blood is a life saving procedure.Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI)continue to be a threat to safe transfusion practices. We analysed the prevalence of such infections among voluntary and replacement donors. Objectives: The present retrospective study done to asses the prevalence of TTI amongst the donors in tertiary health institution in West Bengal helping us to target population subset for enhancing donor pool.Methods. Blood donations collected over a 4-year period (2016-2019)were studied for the type of donation (voluntary or replacement), number of seroreactive cases and their distribution . The tabulated seropositive cases compared with available profiles in literature. Results. Of the 1,06,907 units of blood collected over a 4-year period, 75,787 (70.89%) were from voluntary and 31,120 (29.11%) from replacement donors. There were 726 seroreactive cases (0.68%). These included 44 with HIV (0.04%), 526 with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg; 0.49%), 79 with hepatitis C virus (HCV; 0.07%) and 77 (0.07%) with VDRL (Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory) reactivity. 1 of these had coinfections of HIV and HBsAg. The seroreactive cases were more in replacement donors in comparison to voluntary donors. Conclusion. Deployment of exclusion criteria helps us in safe transfusion practice. Voluntary donations are safer as compared with replacement ones and need to be encouraged.


Human factors issues involved in defining driver warnings for potentially hazardous situations at intersections are addressed. General issues include what information to present to drivers (warning content), when to present it (timing of warning), and how to present it (type of warning modality). The work reported is being conducted to assist in the design of a driver-vehicle interface (DVI) warning system for the Intersection Collision Avoidance Using Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Countermeasures (ICA) program. The ICA program is one of four collision avoidance system programs sponsored by the NHTSA Office of Crash Avoidance Research. Initially, the results of an on-road baseline study that examined driver behavior during approaches to intersections controlled by stop signs are reviewed with respect to the timing of driver warnings. Subsequently, haptic warning characteristics for an intersection collision avoidance system are defined, and DVI design guideline recommendations for implementing haptic warnings generated through vehicle brake pulsing are included. Vehicle brake system modifications required to achieve brake-pulsing parameters are described. Human factors test plans directed toward verification that physical properties generated through brake pulsing are readily recognized and accepted by drivers are delineated. As part of verification efforts, track tests will be performed with various intersection approach speeds and driving maneuvers. Effect of velocity on perception of haptic warning will be evaluated for ranges of magnitudes and duration of brake pulsing. The test results will support ICA test-bed development in the latter part of the ICA program.


Araby is one of the short stories in James Joyce's collection,Dubliners.In this novel,the writer used lots of symbolic images to create a special and symbolic setting.This paper attempts to analyze the symbols in Araby which helps readers have a deeper and better understanding about the social background of that time and the main theme the writer wanted to express.


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships different protocols anaerobic performance tests in American football players. 27 American football players from a university team participated in this study voluntarily (age: 23.07±3.45 yrs). For the determination of body composition, subjects height, body weight and skinfold thicknesses were taken and body fat percentage was determined by the Acikada   formula (1991). Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAnT), squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ),  repeated-jump and 10-20-30 meter transition (speed) times were used for the determination of anaerobic performance. Results of Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis, WAnT anaerobic power was significantly correlated with anaerobic capacity (r=.394; p


Aim  We aimed to redress a current limitation of local ecological studies (i.e. piecemeal information on specific taxa) by integrating existing ecological knowledge with quantifiable patterns in primary habitat (i.e. composition, distribution and cover) from local to continental scales. By achieving this aim, we sought to provide a biogeographical framework for the interpretation of variation in the ecology of, and threats to, subtidal rocky landscapes.


The best grade of turpentine is obtained by tapping the living pine trees collecting the resins that exude, and refining them. The turpentine so derived is "gum spirits of turpentine." This method is wasteful of timber, and its use is rapidly diminishing. Lumbering operations afford every year a vast lot of waste wood. Attempts are being made to produce a high grade of turpentine from these rejected woods and uprooted ancient stumps through steam distillation and destructive distillation methods. The Naval Stores Act of 1924, recognizes these grades of turpentine: "Gum spirits of turpentine," which means spirits of turpentine made from gum (oleoresin) from a living tree. "Steam distilled wood turpentine," which is wood turpentine distilled with steam from the oleoresin within or extracted from the wood. "Destructively distilled wood turpentine," wood turpentine obtained in the destructive distillation of the wood. "Wood turpentine," which includes steam distilled wood turpentine and


We present a theoretical study of the dissipative component of the force acting on a highly charged ion moving in front of a solid surface at large distances. The friction force (stopping power) of the surface is analyzed employing both the specular-reflection model and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Contributions from particle-hole and plasmon excitations are discussed. A simple method to include the correction due to the finite width of the plasmon resonance at large wavelength into the TDDFT description of the stopping power is suggested. We present applications to the energy loss of charged particles undergoing distant collisions at grazing incidence angles with the internal surface of the microcapillary. Our results indicate that the correlation between the angular distribution and the energy loss of transmitted ions can be used to probe the dielectric properties of the capillary material at large distances.


Aeromonas,one of the main pathogenic bacteria causing bacteria 16S rDNA gene of two strains separated from the sick carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) were PCR amplified and sequenced.The homologous sequences were searched by BLAST and aligned by Jotun Hein,ClustalV and ClustalW methods using MegAlign sofeware and phylogenetic trees were buildt by adjacency method(N-J),minimum evolution method(ME),maximum contracted method(MP),UPGMA method using Mega software.Sequence alignment results showed that sequence similarity between Aeromonas sp.T1 and Aeromonas sp.T2 was up to 97.5%(Jotun Hein),96%(ClustalV) and 96.4%(ClustalW);Aeromonas sp.T1 and HM77846.1 up to 97.1%(Jotun Hein),93.8%(ClustalV) and 94.5%(ClustalW);Aeromonas sp.T2 and HM77846.1 up to 97.7%(Jotun Hein),95.3%(ClustalV) and 96.8%(ClustalW).The building phylogenetic trees by four methods were similar basically,and the taxonomic statuse of each strain was preliminarily established.Aeromonas sp.T1,Aeromonas sp.T2 and HM127065.1 had the closest relative genetic relationship.


The objective of this paper is to show the importance of motor third party liability insurance, its development over the years, especially in the European countries, as well as its impact on the modern world development. Due to the importance of automotive industry, as one of the leading industries in the field of technological, organizational and technical research and development, the motor insurance has special significance in the insurance development, traffic safety and protection of human lives.


Night surveys are sparse in Southeast Asia and therefore only limited data are available on the distribution, densities and ecology of nocturnal animals. Two species of lorises are found in Cambodia. According to IUCN, Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) and pygmy loris (N. pygmaeus) sympatrically inhabit the northeast of the country. However, no confirmed sightings of N. pygmaeus west of the Mekong River and no reported sightings of N. bengalensis east of the Mekong River suggest that either this body of water provides a natural barrier or that the species have been expatriated from the large areas. In Cambodia both species face considerable anthropogenic threats in form of habitat loss and unsustainable off-take for traditional medicine. This study was conducted in Veun Sai Forests (VSF) of north eastern Cambodia and aimed at verifying sympatric coexistence and estimating densities of N. bengalensis and N. pygmaeus in the area as well as evaluating hunting pressure, economic importance and differences in hunting habits, knowledge and attitudes towards lorises by Kavet and Lao ethnic groups inhabiting VSF. Loris densities were estimated through night surveys of seven freshly cut transects in evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous forest types and totalled 17.2 km. Densities were calculated using perpendicular distance of the animal from the transect line and took into account visibility along the transects. Ethnological aspects were examined through structured interviews with open-ended questions. A total of 62 interviews were conducted during the study in five local villages with equal representation of Lao and Kavet ethnic groups. Fortytwo hunters and twenty users of traditional medicine participated in the study. During the night surveys there were no N. bengalensis detected, and therefore their sympatric coexistence with N. pygmaeus in the area could not be confirmed. This indicates that despite presence of the suitable habitat east of the Mekong River, this body of water creates a natural barrier. The encounter rate for pygmy lorises was 0.29 animals km -1 (SD±0.35) with the mean density of 8.5 animals km -2 . The densities of N. pygmaeus in VSF were found to be lower than in the previous study in the area but comparable with densities from other sites. Habitat destruction in the area is evident and interviews with the local population indicated that hunting pressure is high. According to the local population, numbers of lorises in the area are rapidly declining. Lorises are amongst most desired species for hunters as they present high medicinal and economic value. Kavet people hunt, sell and use lorises as medicine more often than Lao. However, they are also more willing to use alternative means if they were available. The study concluded that conservation measures and management of loris populations in VSF should take a multifaceted approach and concentrate on helping the local population to establish sustainable livelihoods, educate about the environment and alternatives to animalbased traditional medicines. All existing and future conservation agreements should be closely monitored with adequate law enforcement.


ABSTRACT Based on empirical evidence from a donor-funded project in Ghana, this article demonstrates that when development implementation is depoliticised, targets will likely be achieved within budget and on time. Funded and supervised by the Millennium Challenge Corporation of the United States, Ghana Compact I has been recommended as a model for future development implementation. This article is an attempt to explain this success, compared to select social programmes. It argues that Compact I was implemented successfully because it was insulated from political interference, and suggests that donor-induced depoliticisation offers a route to successful development implementation in recipient countries.


The effect of different combinations of fertilizer type application on output and qulity of oilseed rapes have been studied in the field.Results indicated that biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer can not noly increase the oilseed rapes yield,but also improve the oilseed rapes quality.It showed that in using biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer,output of oilseed rapes was 86.71% higher than that in using chemical fertilizer.The content of vtamin C and reducing sugar were 59.22%and 51.93% higher than those in using chemical fertilizer and the content of nitrate was 7.83% lower.


This thesis aims to present some queuing models, beginning from simplest as queue M/M/1 and then presents analyticaly the generalisations of the above model, M/G/1 and G/M/1 queues. Are analytically presented also models M/M/c and M/M/c/K. Are described models of queues as queues with unlimited service, queues with finite source, models with spares, models with state-dependent service and queues with impatience. Finally the fourth and final chapter of the thesis deals with the study of a system using simulation.


Between February 1990 to the end of 1995 six cases of childhood leukemia were diagnosed among residents of the small rural community Elbmarsch in Northern Germany. Five of these cases were diagnosed in only ]6 months between Feb. ]990 and May 1991. The cases all lived in close proximity (500-4500 m) to Germany's largest capacity nuclear boiling water reactor (KKK). Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated for a circular area with a 5 km radius around the plant. For the time period 1990 to 1995 the SIR was 464 (208-1034). If the analysis is restricted to the years ]990 and 199], the SIR increases to 1175 (4892827). This cluster of childhood leukemia cases cannot presently be explained in terms of established and putative risk factors for childhood leukemia, including radiation. from medical sources. After this unprecedented childhood leukemia cluster had been detected, it was hypothesized that leukemia incidence could also be increased in adults. To test this hypothesis, a retrospective incidence study was conducted which covered 10 years (1984-]993) and three adjacent counties with a total population of about 470,000. Case ascertainment was done perusing documents of multiple primary data sources including all hospitals, institutes of pathology, oncology centers, as well as practicing physicians and three Departments of Health within the study area and in adjacent counties, respectively. After linking of documents from all sources a total of ]985 verified cases of leukemias, malignant lymphomas and multiple myeloma remained. Incidence rates were standardized to the 1987 West Germany census population structure. Proximity to KKK was operationalized by constructing concentric circles with radii 5 km (10, 15, 20 km) around the site of the plant. When overall incidence was used as a reference, SIR for leukemia in the 5 km-region was elevated for both genders (observed 51, expected 40; SIR 128; p=0.046), whereas no such elevation was observed in any of the other circles. The increased incidence was attributable to males (SIR ]56; p=O.Ol) and was most pronounced, but not confined to, chronic myeloid leukemia.When the analysis was restricted to persons below age 65, SIR were significantly increased for both males and females. The excess risk observed over the 10 year study period was exclusively due to an increased incidence from 1989 through 1993. A subsequent case control study including all cases identified in the incidence study is indicated to identify possible causes for the excess leukemia risk for children and adults in the vicinity of KKK. Introduction The rural community Elbmarsch is situated on the southern bank of the river Elbe, some 30 km south-east of the City of Hamburg in Lower Saxony. In a population of less than 2000 children under 15 years 6 ca-


Resected stage IIB–IIIC malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis with a high risk of relapse and death. Treatment with adjuvant interferon alfa‐2b (IFN‐α‐2b) is associated with improved relapse‐free and overall survivals (OS), but the most appropriate dose and duration of treatment are unknown. In this article, we present an individual patient data random effects meta‐analysis of melanoma patients from the U.K., Greek, and Chinese randomized trials. All patients were randomized either to IFN‐α‐2b 15–20 MIU/m2 IV daily 5 days per week for 4 weeks (IV) or to the same regimen followed by IFN‐α‐2b 9–10 MIU/m2 administered three times per week for 48 weeks (IV and SC). Allowing for dose interruptions and reductions, an equivalent total dose of IFN‐α‐2b was delivered in all three studies. We assessed whether IV was noninferior to IV and SC in terms of relapse‐free survival (RFS) and investigated tumor and patient characteristics that impacted on outcomes. Median follow‐up of 716 stage IIB–IIIC patients was 5.4 years. Noninferiority of IV compared to IV and SC could not be conferred for RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–1.52; noninferior P = 0.17). Stage (P < 0.0001), site (acral vs. other, P < 0.0001), and Breslow thickness (P = 0.02) were significant predictors of RFS. The HR for death was 1.13 for IV compared to IV and SC, (95% CI 0.91–1.39). Stage (P < 0.0001) and Breslow thickness (P = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of OS. The available data suggest that where adjuvant high‐dose interferon is being considered there is no evidence to deviate from the year long regimen described in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Intergroup studies.


I attended the annual meeting of IFIP TC12 on August 6, 2001, during IJCAI in Seattle, as the ACM representative. IFIP is the International Federation for Information Processing. It was established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, and is a society of societies. That is, the members of IFIP are not people, but societies and associations. Mostly, there is one member from each country, serving as the representative of computing activities and people in that country. The United States is an exception. Instead of a single society representing the United States, ACM and IEEE are members of IFIP, even though both of these are international, not national organizations. IFIP technical work is managed by a set of 12 Technical Committees, devoted to various aspects of the field of computing. I am the ACM representative to TC12, Artificial Intelligence. The stated aim of TC12 is, "Research in AI and promotion of interdisciplinary exchange between AI and other fields of information processing," and its scope is to, "Further develop the foundation for AI on the basis of computer science principles. Contribute techniques from AI to the enrichment of computer science and information processing. Develop AI techniques as part of information processing technologies to enable and advance practical applications." [www.ifip.or.at/bulletin/bulltcs/tc12_aim.htm] IFIP TCs, in turn, have working groups as part of them. TC12 has two active working groups: WC 12.5, KnowledgeOriented Development of Applications and WG 12.6 Intelligent Information Management. TC12 meets annually during an international AI meeting. As I said above, this year's meeting was held during IJCAI in Seattle. Nine of the 24 members were present, including the chair, Bernd Neumann, representing Germany's Gesellschaft für Informatik, and the Secretary, Dan O'Leary, representing IEEE. At the meeting, there was some discussion of what IFIP does. The main message I got from this is that IFIP will cooperate with international conferences, and is especially good at marketing and publications. It usually wants a share of the revenues, but this is negotiable. In fact, it may be possible to get financial support from IFIP. If you are planning a conference, it would be a good idea to discuss it with them. You should start discussions with Prof. Neumann or me, as TC support is important. We specifically discussed support for student attendance, and, especially, given the UNESCO connection, support for attendance from underdeveloped countries. A major part of the meeting was devoted to the upcoming international conference on Intelligent Information Processing (IIP-2002), part of the IFIP World Computer Congress, to be held in Montreal, August 25-30, 2002. The IIP conferences are organized by TC12. IIP-2002 will have two tracks: Knowledge-Based System Architecture, and Intelligent Information Management. It will also have five linkage sessions, which are being organized in cooperation with other TCs. The linkage sessions will be: Autonomous Agents—Control and Security; Innovative Software Architecting with and for Intelligent Information Systems; Semantic Web; Personalized Web Interaction; and Web-based Learning. The next annual meeting of TC12 will be held during IIP-2002 in Montreal.


Objective To identify common practices related to the use and titration of pressure-support ventilation (PC-CSV - pressure control-continuous spontaneous ventilation) in patients under mechanical ventilation and to analyze diagnostic criteria for over-assistance and under-assistance. The secondary objective was to compare the responses provided by physician, physiotherapists and nurses related to diagnostic criteria for over-assistance and under-assistance. Methods An online survey was conducted using the Survey Monkey tool. Physicians, nurses and physiotherapists from Argentina with access to PC-CSV in their usual clinical practice were included. Results A total of 509 surveys were collected from October to December 2018. Of these, 74.1% were completed by physiotherapists. A total of 77.6% reported using PC-CSV to initiate the partial ventilatory support phase, and 43.8% of respondents select inspiratory pressure support level based on tidal volume. The main objective for selecting positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level was to decrease the work of breathing. High tidal volume was the primary variable for detecting over-assistance, while the use of accessory respiratory muscles was the most commonly chosen for under-assistance. Discrepancies were observed between physicians and physiotherapists in relation to the diagnostic criteria for over-assistance. Conclusion The most commonly used mode to initiate the partial ventilatory support phase was PC-CSV. The most frequently selected variable to guide the titration of inspiratory pressure support level was tidal volume, and the main objective of PEEP was to decrease the work of breathing. Over-assistance was detected primarily by high tidal volume, while under-assistance by accessory respiratory muscles activation. Discrepancies were observed among professions in relation to the diagnostic criteria for over-assistance, but not for under-assistance.


Objective To determine the long‐term hearing outcome in patients with intractable vertigo caused by unilateral Ménière's disease who were treated with intratympanic injection of gentamicin.


Upon an analysis of some rival conceptions of democracy, the irreducible tension between the liberal and the democratic tradition is explored. Arguing against the trends which


The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for treating cerebral thrombosis and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicines. Effective components in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation are prepared from the following raw materials: benzoin, Chinese azalea fruit, chloranthus japonicus, martianus dermestoides chevr, veronicastrum herb, camphor root, nude fern herb, mioga ginger, henbit, crinite pogonatherum herb, Japanese ladyslipper herb with root, divaricate saposhnikovia root, potentilla chinensis, rhizoma arisaematis, style pachysandra herb and mustard. The traditional Chinese medicinal preparation is prepared from compatible medicinal materials, accords with traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical theory, has the effects of dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, regulating qi circulation and activating blood, eliminating stasis to subdue swelling and protecting liver and bile, is convenient to use and good in absorption effect, does not have adverse or toxic or side effects. Clinical verification proves that the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation has extremely good relieving and treating effects on cerebral thrombosis and thrombus extension control, and is suitable for cerebral thrombosis clinical treatment and nursing popularization and application.


Blood now dynamics in microvessels in a small animal tumor model provide important physiological and pathological information. In this study, red blood cell velocity in microvessels distributed near the surface in a rodent tumor model is investigated using an approach based on optical flow estimation. A long-term experiment is performed to observe tumor growth on nude mice and to monitor the variation of blood flow velocity. The blood now images are acquired using a capillaroscope with aspatial resolution of 1.42 um and an image sampling rate of 30 frames per second. Frame to frame image registration with mutual information feature matching is used to stabilize images to eliminate the vessel shill that result s from regular heartbeats, The blood !low results measured by the optical !low method are compared with visual inspection results to verify ac curacy. The blood flow observations focus on the tumor surface of nude mice. Multiple weekly data are acquired from each nude mouse for five weeks after tumor implantation. The average red blood cell velocities of capillaries are measured and calculated at different weeks for each tumor. The distribution of blood flow velocity among all samples ranges from 40 to 350 um/s. The differences in vessel diameter and blood flow velocity du ring tumor growth are studied. A significant difference is found between the velocity values at the initial week and the 2nd week. The results suggest that an optical-based method can be used to develop experimental protocols for the numerical simulation of tumor growth. The proposed measurement system may also be useful in many other biotech no logical evaluations.


The purpose of this paper is to determine Young's modulus and the shear modulus of some welded joints made with usual tubular steel by flexural vibration tests. This is the case of the type carbon steel plates S235 JR according to EN 10025, with a thickness of 3 mm welded with MIG/MAG welding process with R713 tubular wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm, using SelcoNeoMig 3500 equipment. The technological part is detailed: welding parameters used, advantages and disadvantages of tubular wires use, problems regarding ambient protection, punctual applications of welding procedures with tubular wire. Processing the obtained signal based on vibration response the elasticity modulus is determined and its value is then compared with the value of elasticity modulus obtained through tensile stress and also with the value obtained by theoretical way.


The article deals with the principles of the analyses of the formal structure of the equivalence in the families of the equivalence of the compound abbreviations by the example of the abbreviation group "auto". The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that on the basis of the synchronic equivalent approach to the description of the compound abbreviations a new interpretation of the characteristics of the formal equivalence of the word and correlated word-combination is described systematically. The results of this study provide a means of predicting the equivalence relations for the adjacent abbreviation clusters that is important while composing the techniques of making the dictionaries of a new type – explanatory dictionaries of abbreviations, the distinctive feature of which is the presentation of all equivalent word-combinations detected in the texts. The material for the study is formed by 252 families of equivalence which form the abbreviation group "auto" and contains 1621 abbreviation doubles: "compound abbreviation" – "equivalent word-combination". The research was carried out on the basis of descriptive and quantitative methods as well as descriptive analyses and formalization. The author defines such notions as "compound abbreviation", "decryption inducement", "family of equivalence" as the basic categories of the synchronic approach to the abbreviation. The methods of synchronic analysis of the formal equivalence devised in the Laboratory are described: the analyses technique of the decryption inducement that designates the structural peculiarities of the decryption inducement – the stereotype of the decryption of compound abbreviation, and the analyses technique of the formal diversity of the equivalency that is a detached scheme of the combination of the components of the equivalent word-combination in the abbreviation. While development of the models of the decryption inducements the part of speech characteristics of the words forming the decryption inducements and their order in the equivalent word-combination are taken into account. While designing the models of formal equivalence that include the model of the equivalent word collocations and the abbreviation model, the correlation of the constructs of the correlated units, their peculiar grammatical features and the representation status in in words and word collocations are designated


In this article, a behavioral study of three-dimensional (3D) squeezing flow of nanofluids with magnetic effect in a rotating channel has been performed. Using Navier–Stokes equations along with suitable similarity transformations, a nonlinear coupled ordinary differential system has been derived which models the 3D squeezing flow of nanofluids with lower permeable stretching porous wall where the channel is also rotating. The base fluid in the channel is considered to be water that contains different nanoparticles including silicon, copper, silver, gold, and platinum. The homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed for the solution of highly nonlinear coupled system. For validation purpose, system of equations is also solved through the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RK45) scheme and results are compared with homotopy solutions, and excellent agreement has been found between analytical and numerical results. Also, validation has been performed by finding average residual error of the coupled system. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, suction parameter, characteristic parameter of the flow, magnetic parameter, rotation parameter, and different types of nanoparticles are studied graphically.


A-57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in October 2004, complaining of prolonged headache of two week's duration. She was operated on for lung adenocarcinoma (stage ㈽ A) 4 months previously. Enhanced brain MRI with gadolinium-DTPA showed narrowing of the cortical sulci and enhancement of leptomeninges. We suspected meningeal carcinomatosis and performed spinal tap for the cytological analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . The opening pressure was 250mmH2O and a total of 25mL CSF was removed. The CSF-cytology revealed adenocarcinoma cells. To our surprise, her symptom disappeared immediately after the spinal tap. 5 days later, she complained of progressive headache again, and gradually became disorientated and somnolent in a week. Spinal tap was performed again to examine if the removal of the CSF improve her condition. A total of 30mL CSF was removed and her symptom dramatically improved again. On November 10, a lumboperitoneal shunt (LP shunt) was placed for management of intracranial hypertension. A few days after the shunt placement, she became almost alert and able to walk. She could stay at home for the next 6 months and spent a useful life with her family. Although the patient died 7 months after the shunt placement, LP shunt provided long-term headache-free period and improved the quality of life of the patient. This case suggests that LP shunt can be effective palliative tool for relief of symptoms secondary to intracranial hypertension in patients with meningeal carcinomatosis. Key Words: meningeal carcinomatosis, LP shunt, intracranial hypertension


ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the percentiles (3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 and 97%) of weight, length and head circumference for a sample of new-born Kurdish population in Sulaimani and the relation to mothers' age, parity and gestational age. Methods Birth weight, crown heal length and head circumference of infants born at gestational age 37–44 weeks in Sulaimani teaching hospital from March 2008 to March 2009 were measured prospectively using standard equipments. Results The mean weight, length and head circumference of the male full term baby in the total sample was as followed respectively 3355 kg, 50 cm, 35 cm. The mean weight, length and head circumference of the female full term baby in the total sample were as followed respectively 3260 kg, 49.3cm, 34.5 cm. The median for weight, length and head circumference of the male full term baby were 3355 g (3300–3400), 50 (50–50.2) and 35 (33,5–35). While the median for weight, length and Head circumference of the female full term baby in the total sample were 3260 g (=3200–3306), 49.3 (49–49.5) and 34.5 (34.4–34.6). The anthropometric measures of the new born babies in this study are near that found by the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study but higher than less developed countries.


A novel strategy of radical polymerization of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate on the surface of carbon black (CB) in the solid state was developed to prepare hydrophilic carbon nanoparticles (PNASS-CB). A high performance natural rubber latex (NRL)/PNASS-CB composite was produced by the latex compounding technique. Scanning electron microscope shows considerable improvement in the dispersion of PNASS-CB in rubber matrix. The lower degree of filler–filler networks and the stronger filler–rubber interaction of PNASS-CB in rubber matrix were confirmed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Rheometric properties of NRL/PNASS-CB, like scorch time and optimum cure time, decreased. Tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break increased due to stronger interaction between the PNASS-CB and rubber matrix. Dynamic mechanical properties of the modified carbon nanoparticles further corroborated a significant contribution from the better dispersion and efficient load transfer of PNASS-CB on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of composites.


Previous research has found that the use of no opinion filters not only increases the proportion of "don't know" responses but they may also affect substantive response distributions. The latter effect was assumed to occur because the filter removed persons (floaters) from the substantive response distributions who had attitudes different from nonfloaters. This study serendipitously finds that DK filters may affect the substantive responses of nonfloaters, causing them to express different opinions on the filtered question form than they would on the standard form. It also appears that the filter lowers the attitude strength of the nonfloaters. An explanation is offered for these unanticipated findings and an agenda for future research is suggested.


OBJECTIVE To study the technological parameters of the purification process of gentiopicrin in Gentiana scabra Bge. with HPD-300 type macroreticular resin by a central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). METHODS Independent variables were sample concentration,eluent concentration and eluent volume,while dependent variables were transferring rate and content of gentiopicrin in product. Linear or nonlinear mathematic models were used to estimate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The response surface and overlay contour plot were delineated according to best-fit mathematic model,and optimum technological parameters were selected by the overlay contour plot. Prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted values. RESULTS Two order quadratic equation described the relationship between dependent and independent variables,with a regression coefficient of 0.946 9 and 0.973 4. Bias between observed and predicted values of transferring rate and content of gentiopicrin were -1.26% and -0.33%. The content of gentiopicrin in the final product was up to 78.5%,while it was just 7.53% before purification. The optimized purification process was suitable for the separation of water-soluble secoiridoid glycoside from Gentiana scabra Bge.. CONCLUSION CCD-RSM can be used tooptimize the purification parameters of gentiopicrin,and the optimum mathematic model is highly predictive.


Pathe films, the Albatros period, and the autonomous phase of Les Films Jean Epstein. However, as we will explain, the films of all three periods are closely interrelated and represent a continuum in the development of his theoretical aims. In analyzing the films of these years, we discover that Epstein was trying to give form to several facets of his notions about film: his abandonment of the naturalist form and shift toward suggestion and evocation were present from the very start and continued on even into those he considered his most accomplished films, La glace a trois faces, La chute de la maison Usher and Finis Terrae


The use of water has become increasingly contentious because an increased population is sharing a decreasing amount of water. Water remains Florida's most plentiful natural resource but is at risk as the agriculture industry and Floridians demand more water for a variety of uses. This 4-page fact sheet discusses the media's influence on perceptions of agricultural water use, the measurement of attitudes and perception towards agricultural water use, and ways to educate the general public and local officials on this issue. Written by Courtney T. Owens, Alexa J. Lamm, and Ricky W. Telg, and published by the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, April 2016.
AEC586/WC248: Attitudes and Perceptions of Agricultural Water Use in Florida Expressed by the General Public and Local Officials (ufl.edu)


Fireproof professional garments must protect to the extent possible firefighters from damages, either direct (caused by fire) or indirect (caused by excessive heat). In some cases, risks are not associated to an immediate cause, but to a long exposure to heat sources causing excessive thermal stress to the human body. Firefight equipment currently available does not include any means to detect thermal stress, so firefighters can suffer severe accidents that may lead to death. This paper presents a system to measure the thermal stress firefighters are exposed to during a fire intervention. The main requirements of the system are first identified, taking into account that it has to be integrated in fireproof garments. Then the design process and the resulting system are described. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed solution.


Cempedik fish (Osteochilus spilurus) is one of the important local freshwater fish species in Belitung Island. High economic value and consumption demands are potential development and disaster for freshwater biodiversity. One of the biological data related to efforts to use sustainably is the aspect of reproduction. This research's scope is limited to fish caught in the rainy season in December 2015 and December 2016. The rainy season is the fishing season for Cempedik fish in the Lenggang River, East Belitung Regency. Observation of the level of gonad maturity was carried out visually, and the gonad maturity index was known through the comparison of body weight and fish gonad weight. Cempedik fish in the rainy season enter the spawning period with III and IV gonad maturity levels. Fish with TKG IV reached 94% in the 2015 sampling when December had the highest rainfall. The maturity index value is below 20% and classified as a fish that can spawn more than once. Fish fecundity with TKG IV was 1,196-10,947 in 2015 and 951-2060 in 2016.


A power system is provided for a mobile machine. The power system may have a traction motor configured to propel the mobile machine during a driving operation and to generate electricity during a braking operation. The power system may also have an aluminum-air battery connected to the traction motor. The power system may further have a circuit fluidly connected to the aluminum-air battery and configured to circulate electrolyte and aluminum hydroxide particles produced by the aluminum-air battery. The power system may also have a crystallizer connected to the circuit and configured to crystallize and separate the aluminum hydroxide particles from the electrolyte. The power system may also have a heating chamber configured to heat the aluminum hydroxide particles and produce aluminum oxide separated from the electrolyte, wherein the heating chamber is powered by electricity generated by the traction motor during the braking operation.


In current studies, growing up of treatment of the knee joint damage such as arthritis, the research to prevent knee joint is under way. As knee joints could be damaged by various types of motion, one of the most influential factor of the abrasion on the knee joint is progressed by walking. It could be classified as 3 types of walking, 1. Walking plain, 2. Climbing stairs or uphill and 3. Going down. In this study, to find the damaged point of knee joint, the following ways would be used. After comparing the knee joint angle with interior and exterior movement of the knee in accordance with the joint dynamics of typical height, the walking pattern for walking up the stairs can be comprehended. It could be shown the variation of the center of rotation of knee joint. From this, the contact point which is pressed on the knee joints in accordance with each walking pattern could be derived. The numerical modeling could be made by quantifying the variety that is caused by the center of mass of knee bone. It would be expected to calculate the contact point on the knee joint through walking patterns. This numerical model is considered of the kinematics system in our knee.


The effects of short-term road transport on dairy cow welfare have been the focus of very few studies. This study is the first to evaluate whether short-term transport of dairy cows under conditions similar to a typical journey from farm to slaughterhouse can cause nonlame cows to become lame. In total, 203 Danish Holstein cows from 18 different commercial Danish dairy herds were included in the study. In each herd, a large number of cows were locomotion scored and 8–12 non-lame cows were selected for transport. After the initial locomotion scoring, the selected cows were loaded onto a truck and transported on average 84 km (1 h 55 min) using a route simulating a typical transportation of cows to slaughter under Danish conditions. Returning to the herd of origin, the cows were immediately unloaded and locomotion scored by the same observer as prior to transport. Results showed that locomotion score did not change significantly and that no cows became lame as a consequence of the transport.


Steel Braced frames are a commonly-used seismic resisting system, and chevron steel braced frames are a frequently used type of steel braced frame. Recent research has indicated that the seismic performance of braced frames can be improved by designing the braced frame gusset plate connections in a manner that direct reflects seismic deformation demands, and by permitting yielding in the gusset plate at select performance levels. A parametric study using Finite Element (FE) models was conducted to examine the influence of the gusset plate and framing elements on the seismic performance of chevron braced frames, and to calibrate and develop improved design models. The impact of the frame details, including frame sizes, clearance requirements, gusset plate thickness and tapered plate, was explored. The results suggested that proper detailing of the connection can result in a significant improvement in the frame performance. The results also show that the gusset plate thickness has a significant impact on frame performance.


A study was carried out during 1996, in Yellow Red Latosol at Areia in the state of Paraiba (Brazil). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of nitrogen (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 of N) and phosphorus (60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and two additional treatments (0 kg ha-1 of N and 0 kg ha-1 of P2O5) on some characteristics of corn crop, cv. BR 5033, under rainfed conditions, in a sandy clay loam soil. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 42 + 2 ( 4 levels x 2 factors + 2 additional treatments - level 0 of N and P2O5) with three replications. Plant parameters evaluated were stem diameter, number of grains per cob, cob weight with and without straw, and grain yield. Grain yield showed a response to the application of N and P2O5 up to levels of 111.1 kg ha-1 and 197.6 kg ha-1, respectively.


Using the literature material law, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics and other research methods, this paper carries out the investigation to the status of students participating in the badminton activity in Tongren college, Systematically analyzes the results according to the actual situation, put forward related suggestions for the popularization and development of badminton in local college and university.


Early, mainly empirical studies, on Traffic Calming Surfaces (TCSs) at TRL led to the development of rumble areas and strips that were subsequently employed by local authorities to alert drivers to hazards ahead. The main application foreseen at this early stage was on the high-speed approaches to road hazards in mainly rural areas. For this reason resident's reactions were not given high priority in these early trials although it became clear that there was considerable anecdotal evidence that noise disturbance occurred at some sites and rumble devices were not generally recommended for roads in urban areas because of this issue. There is a need therefore to optimise TCSs so that the driver is alerted without consequential disturbance to residents. This paper reports on an ongoing study where a more fundamental approach was taken to designing appropriate TCSs. This involved a consideration of vehicle resonances and the means of exciting these with a suitable road surface profile without the generation of significant external noise. It was found that for some surfaces significant horizontal vibrations were generated in vehicle suspensions which were readily transmitted into the driver's cab. The paper describes the results of test track measurements of noise and vibration that has led to the identification of potentially suitable designs. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E113232.


Li He described a number of images of gods and ghosts in his poetries,which show artistic style of fantasy novelty.On the one hand,Li He learned a lot from great poets like QuYuan,LiBai,DuFu,HanYu;on the other hand,this is inseparable from his own rough life experiences as well as his unique psychology.


On the basis of the seedling experiments,the targets(such as the survival rate,preserving rate and increment) of Idesia palycarpa Maxim afforestation were researched quantitatively.The results showed that: Idesia palycarpa afforestation was successful at red soil, yellow brown soil and wet soil,but the survival rate is lower at wet soil,so Idesia palycarpa Maxim should not be used as the main tree at wet soil.In order to improve the quality of afforestation,we should apply the best of 2a sturdy saplings to plant,and strengthen tending of youngling growth.


This paper describes an exploratory ethnographic study of the information‐seeking behavior of visitors in the Surgical Waiting Lounge at the UCSF Medical Center at Mount Zion in December 2013. A model of information practice is examined in relation to existing information‐seeking behavior theories, frameworks, and approaches. The finding that visitors' information poverty and inhibited information‐seeking behavior manifested in a process of information gleaning—notable for its hypervigilance and meaning inference—is discussed. Similarities are drawn between this behavior, crisis situations, and situational anxiety disorder. Finally, recommendations are described in the context of anxiety‐reducing interventions and established post‐operative information practices.


Nonpolar perfluoropolyether (PFPE) Z and PFPE Zdol with polar end groups are widely used as hard disk lubricants for protecting carbon overcoats by reducing friction between the hard disk and head during movement of the head while reading and writing data on the hard disk. We investigate the spreading phenomenon of PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol on a thin diamond-like carbon (DLC) film adopting molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a coarse-grained bead-spring model to describe the thickness profiles and molecular movement, which evolve with time and temperature. In the present article, the hard disk surface was considered as a DLC and the position of its carbon atoms was obtained by heating and quenching the face-centered cubic (FCC) or body-centered cubic (BCC) diamond structures by MD simulation using the Tersoff potential. To simulate PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol on a thin DLC film using a coarse-grained bead-spring model based on finitely extensible nonlinear elastic potential and nonbonded potential, the original DLC thin film was compressed to half of its original configuration in all three spatial dimensions. How PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol on the DLC surface spread with time are briefly discussed. How the spreading profile of PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol on the DLC film spreads laterally and on the DLC film as a circular shape beyond its original position is also discussed. The effect of temperature on the film thickness and spreading area of PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol on the DLC film is also discussed. We show that the time dependence for the spreading of PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol droplets deviated from the expected proportionality to the square root of time in their spreading profiles with time. The model-calculated spreading rate of PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol on a thin DLC film increased inversely with absolute temperature as expected.


Dispersion experiments were conducted in water-wet, fired Berea sandstone core material to evaluate the effect of introducing various materials as capillary bridges between core sections. Single phase dispersion tests and relative permeability measurements were conducted on the whole core. The core was cut into sixteen 3-in.-long sections and restacked to yield a composite core with the same order and bedding plane orientation. Dispersion and relative permeability measurements were repeated. The core was disassembled, and two layers of KIMWIPE (a tissue paper-type material) were inserted between the plugs, and dispersion and relative permeability experiments were again repeated. The introduction of the tissue capillary bridges reduced the relative permeability. An x-ray computer aided tomography scan (CATSCAN) run on the sectioned core with capillary bridges indicated that the displacing phase saturation was higher on the upstream side of each core section and that the wetting phase saturation showed an increase toward the producing end of the core in both water-displacing-oil and oil-displacing-water experiments. Dispersion experiments indicate that a capillary bridges are beneficial; however, relative permeability curves and CATSCAN results do not confirm this observation. Results of the CATSCAN experiments indicate that one should but exactly parallel cut cores together without paper capillary bridges.more » The use of composite cores in long corefloods may give lower oil recovery values than that expected for a whole core. The study indicates some critical experimental points that need to be incorporated if composite cores are to be used to simulate field conditions. 19 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.« less


We propose a new data carousel scheduling algorithm for on-demand data broadcasting in DMB. The server divides data items into two sets named hot and cold, according to request statistics from clients. When constructing a data carousel, hot items are placed periodically with their upper limit of broadcasting frequency. If there are empty slots after placing hot items, cold items with high request ratio are placed until the carousel is full. A cold item is broadcast only once in the caroulsel. For the response on clients' requests, our proposed scheme is shown to have high success ratio with short waiting time.


The acid-base equilibria of a diprotic, slightly hydrosoluble base ketoco- nazole were studied in homogeneous and heterogeneous water systems. The deter- minations were performed at 25 oC at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 M (NaCl). The acidity constant Ka1 was determined by potentiometric (pKa1 3.20) and spectropho- tometric (pKa1 3.26) methods. A pKa2 constant of 6.10 was obtained based on the equilibrium constants pKs0 4.84 and pKs1 -1.26, determined in a heterogeneous ketoconazole system. The obtained values of the constants served to calculate the solubility and the distribution of the equilibrium forms of ketoconazole as a function of pH. On the basis of the distribution of the equilibrium forms of ketoconazole, a spectrophotometric method for the determination of its content in commercial tab- lets was developed. The determinations were performed at 225 nm in 0.1 M HCl. The method is simple and rapid and enables the direct spectrophotometric determi- nation of the content of ketoconazole without previous isolation.


Polypeptidic neurotrophins (such as the nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)), produced mainly in the brain, hold a central role in the control of neuronal development, survival, regeneration and plasticity [1]. Additionally, neurotrophins affect brain function, regulating axonal growth and dendritic sprouting and arborization, and synapse formation. They exert their multiple neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions through binding to specific pro-survival Trk (tyrosine kinase) receptors. Additionally, all neurotrophins are recognized by the pan-neurotrophin death receptor, p75NTR, which belongs to the TNF receptor superfamily. Apoptotic neuronal loss is the common pathophysiological end-point of all neurodegenerative diseases and a large number of experimental and clinical studies implicate neurotrophins in this process [1]. It is now well documented that neurotrophin production declines in the degenerating brain, apparently leaving neuronal cells unprotected against pro-apoptotic insults. Although there are currently scarce effective therapeutic treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, apoptotic loss of neurons remains one of the major therapeutic targets. The effectiveness of neurotrophins in controlling neuronal apoptosis in various experimental animal models of neurodegenerative conditions has not yet been translated to clinical use, which has been hampered by their inability to pass the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and their unstable serum pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. During the last decade, our group described the molecular mechanism by which the endogenous neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), produced within the brain, protects neurons against apoptosis [2]. Surprisingly, DHEA was shown to bind and activate all Trk and p75NTR neurotrophin receptors in various neuronal cell types. Based on these findings, we previously suggested that DHEA may have served as a primordial neurotrophic factor, promoting neuronal survival in the ancient less complex nervous systems. [3, 4]. The potential clinical use, however, of DHEA, as a longterm neuroprotective therapeutic is compromised by its multiple secondary effects via its binding to various steroid and neurotransmitter receptors and its central role as a precursor steroid in the biosynthesis of androgens and estrogens [5]. Our group has recently synthesized and screened a large chemical library of 17-carbon derivatives of DHEA for their ability to protect neurons against apoptosis as well as for their affinity for neurotrophin receptors [6]. BNN27, a BBB-permeable, C17-spiroepoxy steroid derivative, was shown to specifically interact with and activate the TrkA receptor of NGF, inducing phosphorylation of TrkA tyrosine residues and down-stream neuronal survivalrelated kinase signaling. BNN27 showed no affinity for TrkB, TrkC or steroid hormone receptors. Interestingly, "microneurotrophin" BNN27 potentiated the efficacy of low levels of NGF, by facilitating its binding to TrkA receptors and differentially inducing the fast return of internalized TrkA receptors into neuronal cell membranes. Furthermore, BNN27 synergized with low levels of NGF in promoting axonal outgrowth, and effectively rescued NGF-dependent and TrkA positive sympathetic and sensory neurons from apoptosis, in vitro, ex vivo and


Condyloma Acuminata (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) of the papovavirus family and it can be seen on the genital or perianal area, sometimes the external urethral orifice or the bladder. Involvement of bladder is very rare and it may be related with immnuosuppression. In our case, the patient came to the hospital with genital lesions and urinary irritation symptoms such as dysuria and pollakiuria. Genital warts were located in the genital area, therefore we took excisional biopsy. And then, the lesions were treated with bipolar cauterization. Cystoscopy was performed to check for involvement of urinary system. There was hyperemia in the base of the bladder and the inter trigonic line and there was an increase in vascularization. We took cold cup punch biopsies from several suspicious areas. The pathological results of external genital warts and bladder biopsies were found consistent with condyloma acuminata. The lesions in the bladder were fulgurated and immunotherapy was performed to prevent recurrence of CA.


This presentation deals with the potential of Richard Florida's approach to measuring the potential for the creative economy in a given area. The aspects of his "3Ts" (technology, talent, and tolerance) are discussed in an intercultural (U.S. American vs. European)perspective and with respect for serving as a basis for methodologically more rigorous procedures in the social sciences. Special attention is devoted to the new media and new economy context in which Florida's theories originated. His work is viewed as an actual description of the pre-dot.com bubble burst narrations regarding its social and cultural context.


Memories are the major building blocks for various applications, which includes integrated circuits, digital circuits, digital equipment. The conventional memories are developed using Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cells. However, they are facing the memory read-write synchronization issues, and stuck at faults with high errors. Therefore, this article is focused on implementation of Error-Resilient Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (ER-TCAM) for fast data storage with high speed read-write operations. Here, Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR)s were introduced for generating the random pattern sequences with address synchronization properties. Finally, LFSR based ER-TCAM provided the optimal data storage with high self-error detection, correction properties. The simulations revealed that the proposed method resulted in better area, delay, power performance as compared to conventional approaches.


Oomycetes are known to secrete a vast arsenal of effectors that modulate the host defense system as well as facilitate establishing a parasitic infection in plants. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the field of effectromics based on studies of oomycetes, especially the cytoplasmic family of RXLR effectors. Yet, the biology of the RXLR effector family is still poorly understood. There has been a consensus regarding the structure of the RXLR motif in the mycologist community. However, the function of the RXLR motif is still unclear. First, different models have suggested that the role of the RXLR motif is either in translocation to a target destination inside a host cell or in the cleavage of itself followed by secretion. Second, recent studies have suggested different functional models for the RXLR motif. According to a widely accepted model, the RXLR motif is directly involved in the translocation of effectors to target sites. In contrast, a new study has proposed that the RXLR motif is involved in secretion rather than translocation. Thus, this review is an attempt to summarize the recent advances made in the functional analysis of the N-terminal domain of RXLR effectors.


I believe that the time has come to take another look at Quine's (1951) celebrated article 'Two dogmas of empiricism'. The analysis of this article that is usually offered in philosophy seminars is very simple: Quine was attacking the analytic–synthetic distinction. His argument was simply that all attempts to define the distinction are circular . I think that this is much too simple a view of what was going on. (The continuing recognition of the great importance of 'Two dogmas' shows that at some level many readers must be aware that something deep and momentous for philosophy was going on.) I shall argue that what was importantly going on in Quine's paper was also more subtle and more complicated than Quine and his defenders (and not just the critics) perceived. Some of Quine's arguments were directed against one notion of analyticity, some against another. Moreover, Quine's arguments were of unequal merit. One of the several notions of analyticity that Quine attacked in 'Two dogmas of empiricism' was close to one of Kant's accounts of analyticity (namely, that an analytic judgment is one whose negation reduces to a contradiction), or, rather, to a 'linguistic' version of Kant's account: a sentence is analytic if it can be obtained from a truth of logic by putting synonyms for synonyms. Let us call this the linguistic notion of analyticity. Against this notion, Quine's argument is little more than that Quine cannot think how to define 'synonymy'.


Fundamental power couplers for RF particle accelerators are the most important components that interface with the accelerating structures. In the case of superconducting cavities, the main function of providing appropriate power to the cavity's fields and to the beams is dwarfed by the requirements the couplers must meet to blend harmoniously into the vacuum, cryogenic, and electromagnetic environment. Recently, a lot of progress has been made in the areas critical to the successful design, construction and operation of fundamental power couplers. Simulations are now routinely performed that allow the prediction of electromagnetic, multipacting, thermal, and mechanical properties of couplers. From these studies, better designs have been conceived which can minimize potential problems ahead of construction. Judicious use of materials and the implementation of clean practices and of careful conditioning have gradually increased the power levels at which couplers can safely operate. Machine operation at hundreds of kilowatts has been achieved in CW at KEK and Cornell, and in a pulse mode at the TESLA Test Facility (TTF). Test stand operations in CW have been achieved at the megawatt level (Accelerator for the Production of Tritium) and in pulse mode at a peak power of 2 MW (Spallation Neutron Source, TTF version II). The recent progress indicates that understanding of fundamental power coupler behavior is rapidly increasing and that optimal designs are being developed which will allow routine attainment of the megawatt power levels necessary for high-beam-power machines under construction and under study.


The electrical properties, leakage current and capacitance, of inter and intra level low-k dielectrics are investigated thoroughly with different voltage bias conditions. The leakage currents show important bias polarity dependence with different conduction mechanisms and have stress effects on different structure designs. The novel nonlinear voltage dependence of inter level low-k capacitance at different temperature is demonstrated for the first time. This nonlinear voltage dependence is very important for capacitance linearity improvement consideration.


Abstract Two cytotoxic terpenes, α-santonin (1) and sclareol (3) were biotransformed by a plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea to produce oxidized metabolites in high yields. α-Santonin (1 ) on fermentation with the fungus for ten days afforded a hydroxylated metabolite identified as 11β-hydroxy-α-santonin (2) in a high yield (83%), while sclareol (3) was metabolized to epoxysclareol (4) (64%) and a new compound 8-deoxy-14,15-dihydro-15-chloro-14-hydroxy- 8,9-dehydrosclareol (5) (7%), representing a rare example of microbial halogenation.


INTRODUCTION Current physical therapy practice requires a patient centered approach in which treatments alter a patient's life in a meaningful way. This approach makes the measurement of patient outcomes increasingly important, because outcomes can be used to demonstrate the effectiveness of physical therapy.' The purpose of this feature is to provide information and guidance for clinical outcomes information in cardiopulmonary physical therapy. This article will review several philosophical issues regarding outcomes measurement, and then discuss the use of outcome tools in physical therapy practice. Future research corner articles will address various aspects of outcome tools commonly used in, or relevant to, cardiopulmonary physical therapy practice. For readers who are interested in writing future research corner articles about outcomes, a template is included in this article (see Table 1).


U–Th–Pb geochronological (LA-ICP-MS) stady the detritе zircons from the Late Cainozoic sands of the Olkhon island (the Baikal rift zone) were performed. It is shown that the early Paleozoic magmatic and metamorphic complexes of the Olkhon terrein of the Central Asian Mobile Belt and the Late Carbonian – the Early Permian granitoids of the Angaro-Vitimsky batholith were the main their sources. Transfer of granitoids of the Angaro- Vitimsky batholith were the main their sources. Transfer of the last was carried out on distance not less than 100 km. The assumption is made that it happened by powerful air transfer, and including on ice of Baikal Lake.


Research is a representative of developed countries; todays, it is one of the most important developmental factors. Moreover, research leadership is one of the main principles of higher education system. Emphasizing the research leads to progress as well as real autonomy, while ignoring it leads to considerable costs. The present study aimed to determine the students' views concerning the barriers of research. The research methodology was descriptive-analytic one; of 2263 participants, 332 students were selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was questionnaire of Arak Medical University, and it contained 29 questions to be answered by students with research experience (Cronbach's alpha 84%) and 18 questions without research experience (Cronbach's alpha 89%). Regarding the research activities in both general and individual aspects, analyzed results by the Mann Whitney and T-test showed that there was no significant difference between students with research experience and students without research experience (Pvalue <0/001). However, there was a significant difference among two groups in organizational field in responding to the question "The lack of research components". Students with experience said the most barriers in organizational field were the Internet accessibility weakness and electronic banks; while in individual field, barriers were mentioned as intensity of curriculum. Besides, students without experience mentioned that the most barriers in organizational field were weakness in encouragement system; and in individual aspect, barriers were the intensity of weakness in encouragement system; whereas, barriers were intensity of curriculum. However, toward gender segregation, degree and level of study no significant relationship was observed. According to the importance of research, considering the prioritization of research barriers seems necessary


The mass market economy is characterized by the combination of technological innovation and absorption and generates ine¢ cient and unequal growth. Innovation-for-pro…ts originates monopolistic competition in some sectors, while absorption occurs in competitive sectors for which innovation is inviable. Innovative sectors produce pro…ts that concentrate on a small number of owners. Yet the economy-wide wage level is de…ned by a lower, average technological level. It follows that there are policies that can promote equality, e¢ ciency and growth. An empirical study for US states from 1997 to 2011 con…rms that the proportional size the large scale sector drives aggregate employment, payroll and wages, top 1 and top 10% income participation, and poverty.


Organizational change is one of the important things that must be considered in the work environment. The thing that most influences the effectiveness of implementing change in the organization is the readiness of individuals to change. Perceptions of organizational support are factors that can increase readiness to change. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of perceived organizational support on the readiness to change of employees at the Chancellor Bureau, University of North Sumatra. The measurement tools of this research are the scale of readiness to change and the scale of perceived organizational support. This research was conducted on 130 employees at the North Sumatra Chancellor's Bureau. The results showed that there was a positive influence on the perception of organizational support together on the readiness to change among employees at the Chancellor Bureau, University of North Sumatra. The coefficient of determination (R) of perceived organizational support is able to explain the variable readiness to change in employees at the Chancellor's Bureau at the University of North Sumatra by 37.4% and the remaining 62.6% is explained by other independent variables that have not been studied.


In this work, we show that contrary to what is commonly accepted by the community, the Chern–Simons term is not essential to fractional statistics. A Lagrangian whose dynamics is governed only by the Pauli term coupled to matter fields leads to the fractional spin. Despite its simplicity, development of this Lagrangian gives rise to essentially the same terms that appear in Chern–Simons models, such as those reported by Nobre and Almeida.13,8,9


Abstract : As higher and higher strain rates are achieved in experiments, the deformation field varies from one which is nearly homogeneous to the case where high amplitude stress waves or shock waves are propagating. In order to analyze a high rate experiment, a sound mathematical theory of wave propagation is required. This, in turn, requires a description of the material behavior. But it is this description of material behavior which is being sought in the first place. It is this dilemma which has caused problems in deducing the dynamic properties of materials at very high strain rates. Techniques available for determining the high rate properties of materials are reviewed. These range from split Hopkinson bar, in which a uniaxial stress state is assumed, to the flat plate impact experiment where waves of uniaxial strain occur. Other configurations include expanding rings and cylinders and skew plate impacts. These various techniques are discussed with respect to their fundamental limitations and the type of material property data which can be obtained. (Author)


OF THE DISCLOSURE A method is provided for making polyetherimides through an imide-amine exchange reaction catalyzed by Group (II-V)b basic metals and compounds derived therefrom. Displacement of organic monoamine from bis (N-organophthalimide) is effected under melt conditions with organic diamine. The polyetherimide can be used as an injection moldable thermoplastic. The present invention relates to a catalyzed method for making polyetherimides involving an imide-amine ex change reaction between an organic diamine and a bis (N-organophthalimide) under melt conditions. There is taught in copending application of Darrell R. Heath and Tohru Takekoshi, Ser. No. 346,473, filed Mar. 30, 1973, and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, that aromatic bis(ether anhydride)s can be made by the hydrolysis of an intermediate aromatic bis (etherphthalimide), as shown by the following equation:


In this project, the feasibility of rapid manufacturing of integrated corrosion monitoring sensing systems within critical engineering structural components using advanced AM technologies has been demonstrated with an exemplar model structure of crevice corrosion monitoring with integrated carbon-based electrochemical sensors. Corrosion performance of all five different materials model crevice former structures built using different AM technologies have been investigated for the first time in a 3.5% NaCl test solution, and the tests results provide the guidelines for the selection of appropriate AM technologies for rapid manufacturing engineering structures in corrosive environment applications. The model crevice corrosion monitoring structure and the rapid manufacturing approaches achieved in this project also provide proof of the concept for design and rapid manufacturing of functionalised engineering components with self-powered embedded structural health monitoring devices.


Review article covering developments in methanol steam reforming in the context of PEM fuel cell power systems. Subjects covered include methanol background, use, and production, comparison to other fuels, power system considerations, militrary requirements, competing technologies, catalyst development, and reactor and system development and demonstration.


Osteopetrosis, lymphedema, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and immunodeficiency (OL‐HED‐ID) is a rare X‐linked disorder with only three reported prior cases in the English‐language literature. We describe a case of OL‐HED‐ID in a male infant who initially presented with congenital lymphedema, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia of unknown etiology at 7 days of age. He subsequently developed gram‐negative sepsis and multiple opportunistic infections including high‐level cytomegalovirus viremia and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. The infant was noted to have mildly xerotic skin, fine sparse hair, and periorbital wrinkling, all features suggestive of ectodermal dysplasia. Skeletal imaging showed findings consistent with osteopetrosis, and immunologic investigation revealed hypogammaglobulinemia and mixed T‐ and B‐cell dysfunction. Genetic testing revealed a novel mutation in the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐KB) essential modulator (NEMO) gene, confirming the diagnosis of OL‐HED‐ID. Mutations in the NEMO gene have been reported in association with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (HED‐ID), OL‐HED‐ID, and incontinentia pigmenti. In this case, we report a novel mutation in the NEMO gene associated with OL‐HED‐ID. This article highlights the dermatologic manifestations of a rare disorder, OL‐HED‐ID, and underscores the importance of early recognition and prompt intervention to prevent life‐threatening infections.


In post-fault distribution network,to quickly restore power supply for the regions where power supply is interrupted no thanks to fault of local transmission lines,a tree structure based fault restoration algorithm for distribution network is proposed. Due to the feature of renovated domestic distribution networks that they are designed to be closed-looped and operated in radial mode,the distribution network is expressed by tree structure and by means of layering the space for heuristic search is reduced,thus the complexity of solution is decreased. The solution of the proposed algorithm is divided into two parts,namely off-line calculation and on-line calculation,the calculation independent of fault modes is performed in off-line part to reduce the burden of on-line calculation and quicken the search speed. Calculation results of a certain distribution network show that using the proposed algorithm several power supply restoration schemes can be obtained quickly and effectively,so this algorithm is feasible.


Introduction:
 Previous research has shown cognitive decline related to preeclampsia (preE) in women after pregnancy when using neurocognitive assessments; however, it is not known if changes in cognition occur antenatally (e.g., in the third trimester of pregnancy). This pilot study investigated if the cerebrovascular effect of preE can manifest as cognitive decline antenatally.

 Hypothesis:
 Pregnant preE women will score lower on cognitive tests in the executive and memory function domains compared with pregnant normotensive women.
 Methods:
 This was a prospective observational study in a single institution. We included women more than 28 weeks of gestation with preE or normotension. We excluded women with chronic hypertension, neurologic and developmental disabilities, and current substance use. Neurocognitive test battery included subjective (Everyday Cognition) and objective assessment of executive function (Stroop test, Trail Making), attention and working memory (Digit Span Subtest), and information processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution) evaluated as z-scores. Baseline characteristics (e.g. pre-pregnancy Body mass index [BMI]) characteristics were collected.

 Results:
 We enrolled 1 to 2 women weekly over 4 months. Thirty pregnant women were included (16 preE; 14 normotensive). Those with preE had higher pre-pregnancy BMI, delivered at earlier gestational age and reported higher history of migraines. PreE vs. normotensive women had more memory complaints (p<0.001) and scored lower on objective measures of information processing speed, attention, and the executive function of inhibition (
 Table
 ).

 Conclusions:
 Assessment of cognition in pregnant preE and normotensive women is feasible. PreE women reported worse subjective memory, and had lower scores in attention, information processing speed, and the executive function. Future work to determine if these cognitive differences persist postpartum is warranted.


Conditional confidence intervals are obtained for the parameters of a double exponential distribution. The intervals are produced by finding the conditional distributions of the pivotal quantities (â – a)/ and /b given the ancillary statistics for a and b where a is the location parameter, b is the scale parameter, and (â and are the maximlrm likelihood estimators. Conditional and unconditional confidence intervals are compared in an example.


Electro-hydraulic suspension systems are one of the key working systems of tractors. Due to the complex and changeable working conditions in the field, it is of great significance to shorten the development cycle of the control strategy and reduce the development cost by using the indoor bench for test verification at the beginning of the study. Based on this, this paper has proposed a complete set of tractor hydraulic-suspension tillage-depth and loading-control test-bench designs. The system was mainly composed of three parts: an industrial computer, a suspension electro-hydraulic control system, and a loading electro-hydraulic control and data-acquisition system. The human–computer interaction interface of the test-bench measurement and control system was built, and the loading-force control system and suspension tillage-depth and loading integrated-control system were built based on PID and fuzzy PID control algorithms, respectively. The system can realize the control of suspension tillage depth and loading during the operation process and has the functions of the real-time acquisition, display, and data storage of related sensor signals during the working process. The test results showed that the response time of the loading-control system was less than 1.2 s, and the maximum steady-state error was less than 0.8%. The response time of the suspension control system was less than 2.3 s, and the maximum steady-state error was less than 1%. The system has good responsiveness and stability. These research results can provide platform and method of support for the development and test of tractor electro-hydraulic suspension systems.


In the Public Record Office at Kew, London, file WO 329/2359 (a Medal Roll of the First World War), about forty sheets into the un-numbered pages is a list of 189 names of the Jewish Labour Corps who fought in Gallipoli. Typed along the top of the first page is the comment, 'Prepared in accordance with War Office letter NW/2/18747 (A.G.4. Medals), 3rd March 1928' and that the 'individuals are entitled to The British War Medal (Bronze)'. The pages are signed by Lieut H. Wetherall. Unusually, attached to the first page are copies of War Office letters which in summary explain that the unit was formed in Egypt separately from the Zion Mule Corps (ZMC) but may have been misnamed as the second battalion of that Corps, and that the army numbers range from 1 to 320 with gaps. One letter says that the rates of pay were is per day for a labourer, is 6d for a ganger, 2s for a foreman and ?12 10s per month for the superintendant (who was called Bension Ventura). All the men were enlisted between 15 and 22 April 1915 and served only until 22 and 28 May 1915. The entry was not made in the Medal Roll until 14 May 1928 and clearly there had been some appeal from the veterans about receipt of the medal, which had not been forthcoming till then, as is shown by a letter from the War Office in London to the Chief Rabbi of Alexandria and Zion Mule Corps Commission (Veterans) in Alexandria. Comparison with the ZMC Roll in the British Jewry Book of Honour shows that the names are not included among those of the ZMC, so these men were clearly a separate group. None of the names appeared among other Jewish units (the Jewish Royal Fusiliers) or the Labour Corps in the Book of Honour. They all have Oriental names and were clearly locally enlisted Egyptian and Palestinian Jews. Perhaps not surprisingly, these mens' names were therefore mistakenly omitted by Michael Adler from the British Jewry Book of Honour in 1922. This discovery thus adds a further 189 names to the record of Jewish British and Empire personnel in the First World War.


The content of the Compendium cultural policy country profiles address the priority issues of the Council of Europe including those recently set by the Warsaw Summit of Heads of State (2005) and the Baku-Declaration (December 2008): cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and social cohesion. The content of the Compendium includes also references to the emerging CultureWatchEurope - the Council of Europe's cultural governance observatory function - by generating and reviewing policy standards in areas of concern to governments and society by providing data, information, knowledge, comparative and trend analyses, expertise, advice, and case studies. The country profiles also provide information on the historical development, present structure, legal framework, financial aspects and ongoing debates in cultural policies and trends. New indicators are constantly introduced to regularly monitor policy developments in Europe.


Introduction The study of attitudes towards death in patients of different nosological groups is an urgent task for modern science. It becomes especially relevant when working with adolescents with severe depressive disorder: for many of them, thoughts about death in various forms become the main reason for contacting specialists and the most subjectively painful symptom. Objectives Revealing the characteristics of attitudes towards death in adolescents with severe depressive disorder. Methods The study involved 135 adolescents (12-17 years old) with depressive disorder, hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital. Participants completed the following methods: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, Death Attitude Profile-Revised, Fear of Personal Death Scale, Death Anxiety Scale. Results The severity of depressive symptoms is significantly associated with the "death-as-flight" scale (r = 0.639, p = 0.000). The values on the "fear of death" scale are positively associated with the indicators on the scales "death anxiety" (r = 0.432 p = 0.025), "consequences of death for the individual" (r = 0.658, p = 0.000), "transcendental consequences of death" (r = 0.711, p = 0.000), "the consequences of my death for loved ones" (r = 0.496, p = 0.008). Indicators on the "active death search" scale are negatively associated with indicators on the "neutral acceptance of death" scale (r = -0.503, p = 0.007) and positively with the "fear of oblivion" scale (r = 0.432, p = 0.024). Conclusions The attitude towards death in adolescents with depressive disorder has a pronounced specificity, which can become one of the targets of psychotherapeutic work. Disclosure No significant relationships.


1 Serum sampling row 111: The authors should provide more information of sample collection procedure and processing (handling time before processing, tubes type, methods and storage time before analysis) in order to give an indication of methods and storage stability of the biomarker analysed. 2 Results rows 170-172: The authors state that fig 1 Baseline illustrates the analysis on 87 patients and subsequently in row 172 n=85 as in row 107. This should be clarified. 3 From baseline to post-NACT and post-CRT there is a loss of 17-23 patients' serum analysis. Authors should consider excluding from baseline level analysis patients that do not have paired serum at post-NACT as the proposed parameter #NACT has been calculated as a cutoff generated from a baseline matched median level. 4 The authors should discuss more about limitations of the study: a) The results are preliminary observations as overall analyses include only a small group of matched timepoints patients b) the use of Nordic FLOX regimen as neoadiuvant chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy is not a standard of care outside northern countries. 5 Row 190: ROC analysis graph should be added as it generates the threshold proposed. Minor Essential Revisions 1 Row 39: The value below threshold (56%) should be included. 2 Row 44: " Absolute changes " as is not clear, should be substituted by " increase " 3 In the table 1 given is missing, in the two groups " #NACT " , who is above/below the threshold (< or > 224pg/ml). In the same table three types of statistics has been used but it should be specified or marked where in each part of the table. 4 Row 201-203: The verb " were balanced " is not clear. The sentence should be reformulated. 5 The title should be reformulated including the specific treatment after neoadjuvant word as: (Nordic FLOX regimen) to point the result is clearly associated to that specific treatment.


Abstract In this article, we explore how session frequency has become an institutionally defining feature of psychoanalysis, and how when an analyst does not insist on frequency, this is often seen as going astray from fundamental psychoanalytic principles. We delve into the history of this debate to help illuminate some of the forces and threats (both internal and external) that have held this defensive phenomenon in place. A case illustration is used to flesh out these considerations.


We study both experimentally and theoretically optical interactions called as optical binding between micro- and nanoscopic particles. We observed new and unexpected manifestations for particles asymmetrically placed in incident optical fields.


. With the development of manufacturing environment, the connotation and model of the information system construction of manufacturing enterprises are constantly changing. To achieve the information strategic target of control & management integration and production-marketing integration, the development and integration of the information system of the high–level planning system and the manufacturing execution level have become the top priority of enterprise information construction. Based on the information construction of a large steel mills in northwest China, an information integration environment that takes into account the characteristics of enterprise management and production processes is proposed using modular design. The final implementation results prove the reliability and stability of the system, and the accuracy and completeness of the transaction data.


Introduction: The prevalence and distribution of major causes of blindness in children  vary based on  the availability of primary health care and eye care services, and under-5 mortality rates amongst others.  Irrespective of the aetiology, blind children have a lifetime to live with the disability and this places enormous pressure on the family unit and the society.
Data on the magnitude of blindness is usually gotten from schools for the blind.
This study aimed to identify the recent trend, and presentation of visual impairment and blindness among students in schools for the blind located in southeast Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted among visually impaired students in schools for the blind in southeast, Nigeria. A total of 92 students were examined from three randomly selected schools out of the six schools in this region.
Results: There was a male to female ratio of 1.3:1, an age range of 8-32 years with a mean age of 18.4   6.4 years.  Majority of the students (85.9%) were blind with visual acuity <3/60, and 14.1% had visual impairment.
 Glaucoma was the leading cause of blindness followed by cataract and most known causes of blindness occurred in childhood.
Conclusion: Most of the causes of blindness were from preventable and treatable causes. Increasing the availability of specialized eye care services for children, and improving  primary health services will reduce the prevalence of blindness due to avoidable causes.


Purpose – The paper aims to present a way of engine model integration, an aircraft (multitask) and the mission into the single model that allows to study, from the level of selection of the engine cycle parameters, the feasibility of a specific mission with the assumed aerodynamic characteristics exemplified by a multitask airplane. Design/methodology/approach – There were introduced dimensionless geometric and energetic criteria, binding parameters of the engine and the airplane. The following models were built: of the turbofan engine and the aircraft movements with the application of these criteria, creating a dimensionless model allowing for measuring the impact of engine design parameters on the efficiency of the mission undertaken. Findings – The results were limited to the presentation of the impact of circuit parameters, such as engine TIT, OPR, BR on the defined criteria. The application of dimensionless criteria reduced the dimension of the task. Practical implications – The presented method can ...


Article history: Received 8 October 2012 Received in revised form 2! December2012 Accepted 21 January 2013 Available online 29 January 2013


The paper has analyzed the background of subject service at academic library,summed up the experiences of the subject library system at academic library;and put forwards some problems should be pay attention to by the academic library in subject service.


Abstract: The saturated fat content of a food may be reduced by reducing the total fat content, reducing the saturated fat component of the oil phase, or a combination of both. Most foods that contain oils and fats are emulsions, so it follows that emulsion technology can have an important role in maintaining the product quality while these changes to the oil phase are made. This chapter examines a number of technologies that may be applied to emulsified foods for the reduction of saturated fat. These include the use of fat replacement ingredients, changes to the composition and properties of the oil phase, different methods for the formation of emulsions, manipulation of the aqueous phase behaviour, and use of the intrinsic instability of emulsified oil droplets.


The purpose of the current study was to examine the role that biological sex plays in the relationship between personality and active-empathic listening. Two models were estimated and tested, one including biological sex as a covariate, and one excluding biological sex. Participants (N = 162) completed measures of active-empathic listening and personality. Results from regression analyses examining personality effects with sex as a covariate differed from the results of analyses excluding sex. The discussion section highlights the need for researchers to consider the interrelated roles of sex and personality in examinations of active-empathic listening.