Sir, After studying the antibody titres of 25 middle-aged Swedes before and after a booster dose of Havrix 1440 4–6 y after a single primary dose, Iwarson et al. (1) stated that ''In view of both experimental and clinical data indicating a long-lasting immune response following a single, primary dose of Havrix 1440, we see little need to administer further doses of this vaccine, at least not for middle-aged travellers.'' We report a case of hepatitis A in a 69-y-old male, 23 months after he had received 1 dose of Havrix 1440. The man had effort-related bronchial asthma and was receiving treatment with lisinopril for hypertension. He was given a documented dose of Havrix 1440 at an established vaccination clinic in January 2000. At the beginning of November 2001 his wife contracted acute hepatitis A, conŽ rmed by serology, after a holiday to Turkey. The woman had not received any hepatitis A vaccination. The man, who stayed in Sweden during his wife's holiday, experienced nausea, fatigue and dark urine in the middle of December 2001. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase reached 66.5 mkat:l (normal B0.6 mkat:l) and plasma alanine aminotransferase reached 89.3 mkat:l (normal B0.6 mkat:l). Serological testing showed hepatitis A IgM and IgG antibodies. Our patient may be an exception, and before changing current recommendations we suggest that more extensive studies should be performed on the long-term effects of a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine. We also urge our colleagues to report other eventual protection failures of a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine.


We reported waveguide mode lasing in a thin dielectric cylindrical shell made on the inner wall of a circular capillary, in which the laser oscillation was achieved through the evanescent-wave-coupled gain from the interior dye-doped liquid. Periodically peaked spectra of waveguide modes showed blueshift when the refractive index of interior liquid was decreased. We could quantitatively estimate the occupation factor of inner evanescent-wave portion from the dependence of blueshift, which allowed the spectral analysis on the effective cavity quality factor Q. Typical Q of the lasing waveguide modes was about 2×10 6 .


A floating type of memristor emulator which acts like the behavior of memristor has been developed. Most of existing memristor emulators are grounded type which is built disregarding the connectivity with other memristor or other devices. The developed memristor emulator is a floating type whose output does not need to be grounded. Therefore, the emulator is able to be connected with other devices and be utilized for the interoperability test with various other circuits. To prove the floating function of the proposed memristor emulator, a Wheatstone bridge is built by connecting 4 memristor emulators in series and parallel. Also this bridge circuit suggest that it is possible to weight calculation of the neural network synapse.


BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to evaluate two alternative non-invasive techniques for assessment of endothelial function in adults with special focus on their ability to monitor acute changes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-five clinically healthy men (mean age 24 ± 2 years) underwent endothelial function measurements twice in fasting state and twice after experimental induction of transient endothelial dysfunction by oral application of 0.1g/kg L-methionine and by ingestion of 500 ml whipped cream (30 % fat), respectively. Microvascular vasodilator responses to flickering-light by retinal vessel analysis and vascular responses to inhaled salbutamol by pulse wave analysis were assessed at each occasion. Ultrasound based flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used as reference method.

RESULTS
Transient endothelial dysfunction in response to acute hyperlipidaemia and hyperhomocysteinaemia was verified by blunted brachial responses to hyperaemia. Retinal vessel analysis demonstrated significantly impaired flicker-responses of retinal vessels to both challenges depending on the vessel type. Pulse wave analysis did not show any significant changes in salbutamol responses. Reproducibility of retinal vessel analysis was comparable to FMD and slightly better than pulse wave analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Acute changes in endothelial function can be monitored by retinal vessel analysis with comparable reproducibility as FMD. Salbutamol based pulse wave analysis is currently unsuited to detect endothelial dysfunction in serial measurements.


Objective: To evaluate the values by indexes of cardiac load and function before and after ventricular septal defect(VSD) occlusion using transthoracic echocardiography(TTE). Methods: 62 cases with VSD, who were operated by percutanous catheter occlusion successfully from Jan. 2007 to Aug 2012, were enrolled TTE was performed before and after operation at 3 days, 3 months, 6months and 1 year. Left atrium end-systolic diameter(LAESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV), left ventricular stroke volume(LVSV), right ventricular end-diastolic diameter(RVEDD), main pulmonary artery(MPA), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS) and Pressure gradient of tricuspid regurgitation(PGTR) were obtained. Results: LAESD, LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV,LVSV and MAP reduced at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after operation compared with pre-VSD closure(P 0.05). LVEDD,LVEDV, LVSV and MAP were decreased at 3 days after operation than pre-VSD(P0.05). There was no obvious change in LAESD and LVESD at 3 days after operation than pre-VSD(P0.05). PGTR was reduced at 3 days postoperation compared with pre-VSD(P0.05), while there was no obvious decrease at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperation compared with 3 days(P0.05). RVEDD,LVEF and LVFS had no significant change before and after occlusion(P0.05). Conclusion: TTE plays an important clinical guiding role in evaluating cardiac function before and after occlusion of VSD.


We examine how covenant-lite ("covlite") deals – loan contracts that lack systematic financial/maintenance covenant compliance requirements – and non-bank institutional syndicate participation affect issuer-level financial reporting quality. We show that, given significantly reduced covenant compliance and information transfer mechanisms between lenders and borrowers, covlite issuers increasingly abandon financial reporting objectives that prioritize cash flow verifiability and timely loss recognition. Indeed, we contend that covlite issuers prioritize the quality of non-GAAP-based voluntary earnings information that is a better match with their non-GAAP-based contractual provisions and non-bank creditors' investment screening criteria. Moreover, lack of financial covenant compliance does not necessarily result in subordinate financial reporting standards at issuer-level. Notably, however, we show that financial reporting quality is strongly influenced by the type of creditor profile participating in loan syndication and identify potential financial reporting issues when lack monitoring mechanism in covlite deals is accompanied with large non-bank institutional deal ownership.


This article reports on the generation of copolymers from a hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) block, which was used as a macroinitiator in the formation of poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) (P...


The transportation sector is associated with many negative externalities, including air pollution, global climate change, and traffic congestion. In this paper we discuss several possible policies for addressing the emissions and other environmental externalities from the transportation sector, including taxes, subsidies, mandates, restrictions, and investment. Most economists generally recommend that policy-makers use incentive(or market-) based instruments as opposed to command and control policies whenever possible. However, various economic and political constraints can preclude policy instruments that would in theory achieve a first-best outcome from being employed, and policy-makers have often implemented alternative policies such as subsidies, mandates, restrictions, and/or investment instead. Our discussion and analysis of these policies draws upon and synthesizes research using theoretical models, behavioral and experimental economics, empirical analyses, and structural econometric modeling.


Taxonomy includes collection, identification, naming and ordering of specimens into a system of words consistent with any kind of relationships among them, the study of literatures and analysis of variations shown by the specimens and finally the publication of data. Practical reasons for the degree of stability-even for a relatively short period of time are: for teaching purposes at advanced levels and for the benefit of many non-protozoolists. The eimeriid coccidia are one of the more controversial groups of protozoa. The problems of describing different species within family Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903 are due to their abnormal phenotypic and phylogenetic characters, occurrence in abnormal hosts with different lifecycle patterns. The basis of classification of the genera under this family includes the Phenotypic and Phylogenetic characters and the lifecycle of parasites and data of their hosts. I have updated the information of classification system given by the Society of Protozoologists (Lee JJ, Hutner SH, Bovee EC and Upton J, 2001. The Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, 2nd Edition. Allen Press, Lawrence, KS) and online materials by Duszynski DW, Couch L and Upton SJ, Supported by NSF-PEET DEB 9521687. In this review, I have focused on seventeen true species and seven pseudospecies with the information of their synonyms, oocyst formula, generic characters, and total number of named species, type species and type host. Keywords: Eimeriidae; Genera; Phenotypic; phylogenetic; pseudoparasitism; Redescription. DOI: 10.3126/ijls.v4i0.3285 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.4 2010 pp.26-47


Background. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is nowadays frequently utilized in liver transplantation. Despite commonly accepted viability assessment criteria, such as perfusate lactate and perfusate pH, there is a lack of predictive organ evaluation strategies to ensure graft viability. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI)—as an optical imaging modality increasingly applied in the biomedical field—might provide additional useful data regarding allograft viability and performance of liver grafts during NMP. Methods. Twenty-five deceased donor liver allografts were included in the study. During NMP, graft viability was assessed conventionally and by means of HSI. Images of liver parenchyma were acquired at 1, 2, and 4 h of NMP, and subsequently analyzed using a specialized HSI acquisition software to compute oxygen saturation, tissue hemoglobin index, near-infrared perfusion index, and tissue water index. To analyze the association between HSI parameters and perfusate lactate as well as perfusate pH, we performed simple linear regression analysis. Results. Perfusate lactate at 1, 2, and 4 h NMP was 1.5 [0.3–8.1], 0.9 [0.3–2.8], and 0.9 [0.1–2.2] mmol/L. Perfusate pH at 1, 2, and 4 h NMP was 7.329 [7.013–7.510], 7.318 [7.081–7.472], and 7.265 [6.967–7.462], respectively. Oxygen saturation predicted perfusate lactate at 1 and 2 h NMP (R2 = 0.1577, P = 0.0493; R2 = 0.1831, P = 0.0329; respectively). Tissue hemoglobin index predicted perfusate lactate at 1, 2, and 4 h NMP (R2 = 0.1916, P = 0.0286; R2 = 0.2900, P = 0.0055; R2 = 0.2453, P = 0.0139; respectively). Conclusions. HSI may serve as a noninvasive tool for viability assessment during NMP. Further evaluation and validation of HSI parameters are warranted in larger sample sizes.


Vapor compression refrigeration is commonly used on board the ships, R134a being one of the most spread refrigerant in this type of systems. In this work, a performance analysis of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle working with R134a and RE170 was carried out. The motivation of this comparison is based on the efforts done to solve the problem of high GWP of R134a, since RE170 shows a significantly lower one.The study is developed on the analysis of the effect of evaporation pressure on some of important factors which should be considered in the selection of a new refrigerant: evaporation pressure, pressure ratio, Coefficient of Performance, power per ton of refrigeration, volumetric cooling capacity. The evaporation temperature will vary in the range (–20÷+10) oC and the condensation temperature is kept constant, at 45oC. Since cycle performance can be improved by superheating and sub cooling inclusion, these two processes were considered in the cycle.Comparative results show that RE170 could replace R134a, due to its low evaporation pressure and pressure ratio and also to its better COP and similar volumetric cooling capacity.


Due to the different manufacturing processes,the microstructure and mechanical performance of Low-Oxygen copper rod,produced by continuous casting and rolling,is different from oxygen-free copper rod,produced by vertical pulling continuous casting,and those differences result in differert processing performance of rod in the next processing.To this,drawing ability,annealing performance,surface quality of two kinds of copper rod are compared and analyzed.


The administrative discretion is a phenomenon and also a
problem with three essential levels, of which the first creates
the basis for the claim to use this authority (the legislative
level), the second presents the domain of the public
administration itself in this area (the legal application
level), and the third one includes the system (especially the
judicial one) of the monitoring of the previous two levels of
discretion. New Rules of Administrative Procedure namely brings
and sets more demanding qualitative requirement on the
procedure aspect of the decision taking processes of the public
administration.


Abstract Historically, the commercial harvest of mussel shells in Kansas rivers has varied markedly in response to market demand. Peak mussel harvests accompanied the high shell demands and market values that occurred in the early 1970s and 1990s. The Threeridge Amblema plicata was the most heavily harvested species during both periods. Recent quantitative mussel surveys indicate a decline in A. plicata population density in rivers subjected to commercial harvest; however populations in other rivers remain robust. In 2003, the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks declared a ten-year moratorium on commercial shell harvest to assess the effects of this activity on mussel populations.


MaxWeber and Durkheim are two main founders of religionary sociology. Based on different study purports and methods, they hold different theories and views in general study ways and principles, the definition of religionary sociology, social function of religion, the mundane of religion, their altitudes and objective endings of study in religionay sociology. Their ideas are similar in one aspect while different in another aspects.


This paper examines how local deprivation relates to child Supplemental Security Income (SSI) participation. It uses Social Security Administration data on child SSI participation at the Census tract and county levels. It also uses American Community Survey data to construct a measure of economic deprivation that reflects a range of local socioeconomic factors including education, income, employment, and housing in local areas. In our analysis, we use this measure of deprivation and a predicted value of area child SSI participation based on this level of deprivation. We assess the extent of deviation between this predicted value of area child SSI participation and area child actual SSI participation. The paper found that: • Local areas with higher deprivation have higher levels of child SSI participation, explaining slightly more than 30 percent of the variation in SSI participation. • Substantial geographic variation remains in child SSI participation rates, with some Census tracts showing higher predicted participation than actual participation, and others with lower predicted participation than actual participation. • Factors correlated with the deviation between predicted and actual child SSI participation include a community's demographic composition, such as the share that is non-White or the share with a disability, and other factors such as social capital. • Declines in SSI applications during the COVID-19 pandemic were largest in areas with


Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of 16 slices spiral CT in female benign ovarian cystic masses.Methods 62 patients with multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) surgically and pathologically proved benign cystic masses of ovarian were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 62 cases with 83 cystic masses,the accurate number of CT orientational diagnosis was 55 cases (88.7%).All cystic masses included following diseases:ovarian cystadenoma (21 cases),ovarian cyst (7 cases),ovarian endometrial cyst (8 cases),ovarian cystic teratoma (5 cases),tubal abscess or hydrosalpinx (3 cases),pelvic cystic infected mass (3 cases),pelvis encapsulated effusion (1 case),pelvic cavity lymphangioma (3 cases),adenomyosis (1 case),intestine and mesentery cysts (6 cases),pelvis tuberculosis (2 cases),urachal cys (2 cases),the accurate number of CT diagnosis of natural decision was 49 cases (79.0%).Conclusion MSCT has high accuracy in locating female pelvic cystic lesions and is valuable in getting qualitative diagnosis when tightly combined with the patients' clinical history.

Key words:
Female pelvis; Cystic focus; Tomography; X-ray computed


Natural Gas (NG) demand forecasting is a research topic that starts to gather the attention of scholars, research institutions, utilities, retailers and other interested parties. Accurate predictions of future needs for NG can aid on the optimal management of NG resources. This manuscript examines the problem of day-ahead Natural Gas (NG) demand forecasting in hourly resolution. Various models of different type are trained and applied using data that correspond to the demand of a large region including urban, sub-urban and industrial loads. A series of scenarios are formed in order to investigate the influence of input selection on the day-ahead forecasting problem.


The present research was developed to examine the conceptualization and measurement of the political skill construct and to provide validation evidence for the Political Skill Inventory (PSI). The results of three investigations, involving seven samples, are reported that demonstrate consistency of the factor structure across studies, construct validity, and criterion-related validity of the PSI. As hypothesized, political skill was positively related to self-monitoring, political savvy, and emotional intelligence; negatively related to trait anxiety; and not correlated with general mental ability. Also, the PSI predicted performance ratings of managers in two samples. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are provided.


If it is taken as the most basic unit, the type of Ci poems may fall into four levels: the level of basic types, the level of species types, the level of sub-model types, level of model types. The sub-model types include: Huajian Type, Liuyong Type, Dongpo Type, Meicheng Type, Jiaxuan Type, and Baishi Type. A-mong these six, only three, namely, Liuyong Type, Dongpo Type, Baishi Type, can be regarded as typical species types. They represent non-professional Ci poets, professional Ci poets, and poets who also wrote. They were written about scholars, actors, actresses, and for art's sake.


The ideas of low frequency dynamics driven by pressure gradients in magnetised plasmas are outlined. Fluid, gyrofluid, and gyrokinetic models are defined. Basic computational methods including coordinate representations are reviewed and a list of criteria for well posed cases is given. The consequences of nonlinearity vis‐a‐vis instabilities are shown. Other topics used as examples are scale separation, the self consistent equilibrium, and interaction with large scale flows.


One of the most appealing aspects of the Seychelles is the country's diversity of landscapes. On the main island of Mahe, white sand beaches meet incredible rock formations and hills that seem to defy nature. It is in this sort of setting that..


There are many national incentives to encourage the successful development of a producing gold mine. Access to cash flow, foreign exchange reserves, employment and infrastructure and other development opportunities are just a few of the socioeconomic benefits. Political benefits are an additional consideration. As an example of the financial benefits, the gold/copper mine a t Bougainville contributed K815 million in dividends and direct taxation to the Papua New Guinea economy from 1972 to 1986.


This is a slim book, but the core text contains a lot of information and analysis. It is not a book to fill in all the gaps for those that know nothing about Dioscorea species, for there is not even a key to separate species and cultigens. It is nonetheless a fascinating account for tropical agriculturists, ethnobotanists and taxonomists. Whilst we are becoming increasingly aware that the division between 'wild' and cultivated plants is both blurred and often confusing, yams are surely one of the few plants where this interplay between wild, cultivated and 'feral' continues to occur, and indeed is incorporated into both folklore and good husbandry by farmers and not just researchers. Neither is it an easy book to digest and it needed careful reading twice for this review. Practically every aspect of biology of the group of yam species to which the cultivated white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) belongs – be it genetic status, phenology and sexuality – is variable. Previous studies have highlighted this, but the different viewpoints have only added to the challenge facing the authors (and readers) of this book You are left wishing for a simplified taxonomy, with wild and cultivated plants of white yam all under one species, together with some leads on further understanding the remarkable biology of the plant. However, this book gives the best understanding currently available for the unravelling of the story and is highly recommended.


Prayer is a compulsary for Balinese hindu community. For that reason, they always  do the prayer, especially in sacred days like full moon, galungan, kuningan, nyepi or the day of piodalan in the pura. Pura Lempuyang, which is located in Karangasem, is one of the pura kahyangan jagat, where all the Hindu community will do the prayer. Similar to other pura Kahyangan Jagat, like Pura Besakih, Pura Batu Karu, Pura Batur; Pura Lempuyang is located at the top of a mountain near Seraya mountain in Karangasem. Unlike the other Pura Kahyangan Jagat, Pura Lempuyang can not be reached by car. The car can only reach at the parking area, and after that, they have to climb-up on foot and at the same time, they have to carry goods for the ritual offerings. On the way to Pura Lempuyang, they also have to do the prayer at the Puras before Pura Lempuyang, such as Pura Puseh Puri Ayu, Pura Telaga Mas, Pura Telaga Sawang, Pura Lempuyang Madya, Pura Puncak Belibis, Pura Pasar Agung, and finally Pura Lempuyang Luhur. The prayer at each pura takes about 10-20 minutes of time. Related to these condition, we have done the former study about the physical load for each people while they climb-up to Pura Lempuyang Luhur. We took the sample for 5 men and 1 women aged 51-52 years old. The physical load is measured from the raise of the pulse with the ten pulse methode. We conclude that while they climb-up to each Puras, their pulse raised more than maximum pulse rate (220-age). These physical condition can be very dangerous for health and the journey shouldn't be continued. However, by doing the prayer for 10-20 minutes at the Puras before Pura Lempuyang Luhur, they can take a breath, so that their pulse back to normal after the prayer. From the former study we can conclude that the prayer journey to Pura Lempuyang has consider the physiological aspect, in order to prevent the unwanted situation. For them who can not climb-up until Pura Lempuyang Luhur, they can only do the prayer until the Pura which they able to walk to.


With the rapid development of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in spaceborne remote sensing and ground-based applications, SAR as a microwave imaging device could easily acquire images of decimeter to centimeter resolution showing the texture features of rough surface, and facilitate the image texture modeling to better interpret the underlying mechanism. Conventional analytical scattering models for rough surface are tailored for non-imaging scatterometers and cannot model the SAR image texture of rough surface. Inspired by the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) of rough surface in computer graphics which is spatially focused, we propose the coherent spatially varying bidirectional scattering distribution function (CSVBSDF) of finite-size rough surface for SAR images. It is analytically derived based on the integral equation model (IEM) model and resembles the spatially varying bidirectional scattering distribution function (SVBSDF). Given roughness parameters of the rough surface, the CSVBSDF can generate a SAR image quickly. Comparison of the scattering coefficient and the SAR image with numerical simulation method show that the proposed model is in good agreement with numerical method.


ContactCenters is a library we developed for writing contact center simulators using the Java programming language and the SSJ simulation iibrary. It supports muiti-skill and blend contact centers with complex routing and dialing policies as well as various arrivai processes for inbound contacts. Each contact being represented by its own entity during simulation, the programmer benefits from a maximal flexibility, especialiy for routing and statistical coilecting. The library can help the programmer in developing compiex contact center simulators. It can reduce the amount of code to be written as weii as debugging time. Thanks to optimizations in modem Java virtuai machines, we expect ContactCenters simulators to be faster than equivaient models constructed using one of the commerciaiiy availabie graphicai user interface-based simulation systems using fuily-interpreted and flot wideiy-used programming languages. Using the library gives access to the power and richness of the Java platform, permÏtting the interaction with many thïrd-party iibrarïes with simpiicity and portability. In this thesis, we present the architecture of the Iibrary by describing its components as weii as an high-ievei interface permitting extemnal programs to use a ContactCenters simuiator or an approximation formula transparentiy, for optimization or statisticai anal ysis. We then give a complete exampie of a simuiator using the iibrary, and a second ex ample using the high-levei interface. We aiso compare the performance of ContactCen ters with Rockweli's Arena Contact Center Edition, a wideiy-used simulation program. Finally, we propose some extensions for SSJ, a simulation tool used by ContactCenters.


Published in Agron. J. 105:1441–1450 (2013) doi:10.2134/agronj2012.0204 Available freely online through the author-supported open access option. Copyright © 2013 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Long-term field applications of livestock manure at quantities greater than the recommended agronomic rates greatly increased forage NO3–N concentrations (Mathers and Stewart, 1974; Wu and Powell, 2007). Application of dairy manure to forage crops increased tissue K concentrations, while decreasing tissue Ca concentrations (Cherney et al., 2002; Leytem et al., 2011). These tissue nutrient imbalances are related to heavy manure applications (Hao and Chang, 2002, 2003). Animal nutrition may also be affected by feed produced from manure-fertilized soils. High levels of NO3–N in feed can cause acute poisoning in cattle, sheep, and other livestock (Gilbertson et al., 1979; McKenzie et al., 2004). Grass tetany (caused by low Mg levels in the blood) and fat necrosis (associated with high NO3–N levels in feed) have been reported in cattle grazed on pasture that received elevated rates of poultry manure (Stuedemann et al., 1975; Gilbertson et al., 1979). High soil K concentrations may also induce grass tetany because excess K inhibits both plant Mg uptake and rumen Mg absorption (Mayland et al., 1990). High P/Ca ratio dietary intake may result in cattle hyperparathyroidism (Smart and Cymbaluk, 1997). Discontinuing long-term manure applications may, over time, mitigate some nutrient imbalances in forage, but this requires further investigation. After 14 annual cattle manure applications to a Chernozemic soil, followed by 16 yr of no manure use, soil concentrations of total N (TN), total P (TP), NO3–N, soil test P (STP), and electrical conductivity (EC) remained greater in discontinued manured plots than in unmanured plots (Indraratne et al., 2009). Additionally, the concentration of Zn extractable by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) remained AbStrACt


Digital imaging of intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) dynamics has been a fundamental technique in cell biology. The present study examines the possibility of using the confocal microscope for [Ca2+]i imaging of living tissue. We analyzed the ATP-induced [Ca2+]i dynamics of rabbit corneal epithelium as an experimental model. After loading the cells with Indo-1, a real-time confocal microscope (Nikon RCM/Ab) revealed individual images. ATP (100μM) in the perfusate elicited an increase in [Ca2+]i. Superficial cells showed a biphasic change in [Ca2+]i composed of an initial spike phase followed by a persistent plateau phase. On the other hand, oscillatory fluctuations were evident in the mid-wing cell layer, and they were often synchronized, indicating intercellular communication. The spikes in the wing cells did not affect the [Ca2+]i dynamics of the superficial cells. In conclusion, the optical slicing effect of confocal microscopy is suitable for observing thick specimens, such as living tissues composed of various cell types. This is the first report to describe [Ca2+]i dynamics in intact epithelial tissue specimens, and to reveal heterogeneous responses of different cell layers.


During locomotion, insect feet endure dramatic impact force and generate adhesive force which is controlled by the architecture of the foot. The patterns of smooth attachment pads in insect feet vary widely among insect orders and families. The functional significance of the micro-structure and geometric design of insect feet remains largely unknown. In this study, we developed a two-dimensional finite element model of a grasshopper's attachment pad. Realistic geometric microstructure and material properties are applied in the biomechanical analysis of the structural behavior during contact. Here we use scanning electronic microscopy to study the microstructure of the grasshopper's pad, and then use the finite element method to calculate the deformation vector fields, contact stiffness, contact area, function of the airbag and strain fields during the contact process. The results reveal that the geometric design and material topology of a grasshopper's pads are very effective in reducing contact stiffness, increasing contact area and generating high friction force during the contact procedure. The rod-containing structure supporting the soft exocuticle makes the pads highly adaptive to various surfaces and decreases the stress inside the pads.


The invention discloses a superlong carbon chain amphiphilic waterhead-based hydrophobic monomer used for oil field fracturing fluid and increase of recovery ratio and a preparation method thereof. According to the technical scheme, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving 0.2 mol dibromoethane in acetone, dropwise adding 0.1 mol dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate into acetone solution under stirring condition, and reacting for 4 hours at room temperature, so that N,N-dimethyl bromoethyl methylacryloyl oxyethyl ammonium bromide intermediate is obtained; and (2) adding 0.05 mol intermediate and 0.055 mol erucamide propyl dimethyl tertiary amine into ethanol, and reacting for 24 hours at room temperature, so that the superlong carbon chain amphiphilic waterhead-based hydrophobic monomer is obtained. The hydrophobic monomer has stronger hydrophobic property, has better polymerization activity, is simple in preparation method and easy to separate and has a broad application prospect in the oil field fracturing fluid and increase of recovery ratio.


INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 I. MATHEMATICAL PROBABILITY: LANGUAGE AND EPISTEMICS ................................... 9 A. Language: Using Numbers Instead of Words................................................ 10 B. Epistemics: Instantial Multiplicity as a Basis for Inference .......................... 20 II. PROBABILISTIC DISTORTIONS IN LAW AND ECONOMICS .......................................... 25 A. Penalty Multipliers ........................................................................................ 28 B. Actuarial Harms ............................................................................................ 31 C. The "Level of Activity" Theory ..................................................................... 33 III. CAUSATIVE PROBABILITY ....................................................................................... 36 A. The Difference Principle ............................................................................... 37 B. Evidential Variety as a Basis for Inference ................................................... 44 IV. POLICY IMPLICATIONS ............................................................................................ 47 A. Causative Probability and the Economic Analysis of Law ............................ 50 B. Causative Probability and Behavioral Economics ........................................ 54 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 60


Abstract.
 Several decades ago, large areas of the Iberian Peninsula were planted with allochthonous tree species for timber production among other reasons. This severe habitat transformation is likely to affect a large spectrum of the biodiversity in the area. The wild boar Sus scrofa is a widely distributed large mammal, for which population density can be estimated on the basis of hunting results relative to effort in each area. Our goal was to analyze the influence of pine plantations on the relative density of this species in Southern Spain. Based on data obtained from hunts, we found that the relative density of wild boar was negatively related to the relative area covered by pine trees. Our results support a negative effect of pine plantations on wild boar density and indicate that restoration and conservation of native oak forests can favour not only biodiversity but also the maintenance of wild boar populations.


An experimental study was made on the flame propagating through a lean methane/air mixture flow with periodic concentration fluctuation by using an original stagnation flow type burner. The burner was devised so as to fluctuate the mixture concentration (equivalence ratio) only in the direction of flow of constant velocity. For the fluctuation with the mean equivalence ratio of 0.85, the amplitude of 0.06 and the frequency ranging from 3 Hz to 50 Hz, the following results were obtained : (1) Phase difference exists between the fluctuations of burning velocity and flame position in the stream and the former fluctuation precedes the latter one, meaning that the fluctuating flame has the maximum burning velocity (the minimum burning velocity) before it gets to the uppermost stream (the lowermost stream). (2) For a certain range of the fluctuation frequency, the maximum and minimum burning velocities of the flame are higher and lower, respectively, than those estimated for the mixture equivalence ratio fluctuation at the burner exit. Similar tendencies are found for both the temperature and the CO concentration of the burnt gas. This can be caused by the periodic change of the direction of flame movement ; when the flame moves against (along) the fuel flow, the mass flux at the flame front increases (decreases) as compared with the stationary flame.


Schools are recognized as ideal environments to promote and enhance the health of children. Previous research has shown a positive association exists between increased prevalence of family-style meals and children's health. Use of family-style service provides opportunities to improve children's overall health and well-being through increased adult role-modeling, peer to peer interactions, and teaching of mealtime etiquette. The potential impact of incorporating family-style service into school cafeterias could include enhanced development of children's physical, social, and emotional health.


Lakes and wetlands provide valuable water resources. Wetland evapotranspiration (ET) is a key hydrologic component; however, the effects of lake fluctuation on wetland ET remain unclear. The Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and experiences a dramatic fluctuation in water level and inundated area. This study used remote sensing data to estimate the wetland ET for Poyang Lake and to illustrate the distribution of wetland ET and its response to lake fluctuations. Our results showed that wetland ET was related to lake fluctuation both spatially and temporally. Within the same year, the difference between annual water evaporation (Ewater) and wetland ET (ETwetland) was primarily attributed to lake fluctuation through its effects on inundated area and exposure days. A 1% increase in inundated area would result in a 7.87 ± 1.13 mm a−1 reduction in annual Ewater-to-ETwetland differences, and a 10-day elongation of exposure could lead to an 11.1 ± 1.6 mm a−1 increase in annual Ewater-to-ETwetland differences, on average. Inter-annually, the Ewater-to-ETwetland differences were attributed to the combined effects of atmospheric and environmental variables and lake fluctuation. The lake fluctuation contributed 73% to the inter-annual ET difference, followed by relative humidity (19%), net radiation (5%), and wind speed (4%). Overall, lake fluctuation effectively regulates wetland ET, and its effect should receive careful consideration in hydrological and water resources studies under the current changing climate.


A novel feature fusion method is proposed for the edge detection of color images. Except for the typical features used in edge detection, the color contrast similarity and the orientation consistency are also selected as the features. The four features are combined together as a parameter to detect the edges of color images. Experimental results show that the method can inhibit noisy edges and facilitate the detection for weak edges. It has a better performance than conventional methods in noisy environments.


Photograph of five people in a buckboard wagon pulled by two horses through some trees. Writing on the back indicates this is a deer hunting expedition in Tyler County in 1926.


Iam delightful to introduce the Journal of Environmental Hazards which was inaugurated in the year 2017 and has continued publishing successfully with 3 volumes in 2019. Past the Journals inception, around 30 articles has been published with broad scope, encompassing all the areas of pollution, transport and fate of pollutants in the environment, heavy metals and organic compounds in the environment, industrial ecology, physical hazards, biological hazards, chemical hazards, planetary hazards, hazardous waste management, bioremediation of contaminated sites, deforestation, global warming, overpopulation, ecological and human risk assessment, environmental impact assessment, improved energy management, physical alteration of the natural environment, and improper management of human waste.


(ERFE) an regulator of hepcidin synthesis and iron homeostasis. expression normal levels of hepcidin of -thalassemia.Weexaminedthe expression of Erfe and the consequences of its ablation in to and Ablation of Erfe slightly ameliorated ineffective erythropoiesis, as indicatedbyreducedspleenindex,redcelldistributionwidth,andmeancorpuscularvolume, butdidnotimprovetheanemia.Thus,ERFEmediateshepcidinsuppressionandcontributes to iron overload in a mouse model of b -thalassemia. ( Blood . 2015;126(17):2031-2037)


In this paper, New LC VCO with GHz Band has been designed using commercial CMOS technology. This proposed circuit is consisted of the parallel construction of the typical NMOS and PMOS cross-coupled pair which is based on the LC tank, MOS cross-coupled pair which has same tail current of complementary NMOS and PMOS, and output buffer. The designed LC VCO, which is according to proposed structure in this paper, takes a 29% improvement of the wide tuning range as 8 GHz to 10.9 GHz, and a 6.48mW of low power dissipation. Its core size is and its phase noise is as -117dBc Hz and -137dBc Hz at 1-MHz and 10-MHz offset, respectively. FOM of the new proposed LC VCO gets -189dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset from a 10GHz center frequency. This design is very useful for the 10Gb/s clock generator and data recovery integrated circuit(IC) and SONET communication applications.


System for marking authentication for systems and counterfeiting mark for the preparation of the mark. Emission spectrum containing a distribution of intensity versus wavelength are collected from a series of taggants. As the spectrum of the selected taggant is distinguishable, one or more taggants are selected from the collected emission data. This selection is also based on the consideration of the emitted radiation of the underlying and dispersion medium. Authentication system uses a multivariate statistical analysis, calculating at least one measurement statistics and at least one statistical limit was based on a set of training mark to be prepared by the preparation system of the mark to be authenticated. It marks is authentic is determined on the basis of a comparison of the statistical limitations and measurement statistics.


This study recruited 16 industrial workers to examine the effects of material, weight, and base area of container on reduction of grip force (∆GF) and heart rate for a 100-m manual carrying task. This study examined 2 carrying materials (iron and water), 4 carrying weights (4.4, 8.9, 13.3, 17.8 kg), and 2 base areas of container (24´24 cm, 35´24 cm). This study showed that carrying water significantly increased ∆GF and heart rate as compared with carrying iron. Also, ∆GF and heart rate significantly increased with carrying weight and base area of container. The effects of base area of container on ∆GF and heart rate were greater in carrying water condition than in carrying iron condition. The maximum dynamic effect of water on ∆GF and heart rate occurred when water occupied ~60%–80% of full volume of the container. The literature on occupational safety and health (OSH) interventions contains many debates on how interventions should work, but far less attention has been paid to how they actually do work, and to the contextual factors that influence their implementation, development and effect. The need of improving the understanding of the OSH interventions issue is particularly relevant for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), since they experience worse OSH conditions, and have fewer physical, economic and organizational resources if compared to larger enterprises; thus, SMEs strongly need to focus their few resources in the decision-making process so as to select and put in place only the most proper interventions. This exploratory study is based on interviews with safety officers of 5 SMEs, and it gives an overview of the key features of the actual intervention process in SMEs and of the contextual factors making this actual intervention process similar or dissimilar to the ideal case. The results show how much qualitative and experience driven the actual intervention process is; they should be used to direct the future research towards an increasingly applicable one, to enable


The article describes " parad " - the festival of ruthless destructions and massacre of wild animals by the local adivasis as a matter of right in Bastar Forest Divisions of Madhya Pradesh and suggests measures to change the pattern of celebration of this festival.


Within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) using the Wien2k package and the method of linear extended plane waves (FP-LAPW), quantum mechanical calculations were implemented to study the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the ZnxCd1-xTe system in the full range of 0≤x≤1 with a step of 0.25. To determine the optimal volume and grid parameters, the calculation of the total energy of semiconductor nanocomposites CdTe, Zn0.25Cd0.75Te, Zn0.5 Cd0.5 Te, Zn0.75Cd0.25Te, and ZnTe, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was applied, which is based on relaxation (optimization) of the volume and minimization of energy (finding the energy of the ground state). According to our calculations within the framework of the DFT, with an increase in the Zn concentration, the constant lattice parameters and the size (volume) of these nanocrystals decrease and are in good agreement with the results obtained this work by the method of X-ray structural analysis. The calculated band gaps of these nanocrystals using the modified exchange-correlation potential mBJ tend to increase, which agrees with the experimental data. The results of spin-polarized and spin-orbit calculations of the band structure showed that all these nanocrystals have direct transition points for electrons. After approximation by the least-squares method, empirical formulas were obtained to establish the concentration dependence of changes in the volumes and bandgap of Zn-modified nanocrystals, which will help experimenters obtain particles with certain sizes and bandgap. Such theoretical studies further open the possibility of accurate prediction of the electronic-energy properties of other semiconductor nanosized structures to develop and produce new nanomaterials with predetermined and programmed properties.


This study investigates vibro-acoustic characteristics of a short, thick cylinder containing a slot given a pined-free boundaries. Using the finite element analysis results, structural modes of the asymmetric cylinder (with a slot) are expressed as the linear combinations of modes of the symmetric cylinder made of same material with identical geometry except the slot. Based on synthesized modal vibrations, acoustic modes of the asymmetric cylinder are obtained with two approaches, i.e., Rayleigh integral calculation and modal expansion of the acoustic modes of the symmetric cylinder. Also, acoustic powers, max. sound pressure and directivity pattern are obtained from acoustic modes and verified with the boundary element analyses. Based on these results, the accuracy of proposed approaches in calculating the vibro-acoustic properties of a short, thick, asymmetric cylinder has been confirmed. The procedure can be applied to the similar cylinders with other boundaries or asymmetric properties. Also, attenuation of vibration and/or sound radiation of the cylinder type practical components can be studied using these approaches.


eorge Hansen, an obese 73-year-old man with a history of heart failure and degenerative arthritis, has been admitted to your surgical unit for a left thoracotomy and lobectomy. The standard plan of care for a thoracotomy includes turning and positioning the patient every two to four hours while he's on bed rest. But which positions will Mr Hansen find most comfortable? And which positions would you think are most beneficial for a man of his age and medical condition? Without realizing it, most of us move into a different position every few minutes. By doing so, we prevent a whole host of adverse effects associated with immobility. As nurses, we recognize the need to move patients who are immobilized by pain, feat; altered consciousness, or weakness. We also realize that, depending on the patient's physical condition, some position changes may do him more harm than good. In this article, we'll discuss how to position some of the more challenging patients you care for--those with respiratory, cardiac, and neurologic diseases. We'll review the positions and positioning techniques used most often. And we'll highlight physiologic changes to consider when positioning elders.


Troposcatter is an important mechanism utilized in over-the-horizon communication based on inhomogeneous tropospheric scattering. Its communication capability depends on the size of the co-scattering volume and the dielectric property in it. To meet the design demands for the geometry parameters of tropospheric scatter communication circuit,variation of the co-scattering volume size and propagation loss with elevation angles and transmit-receive distances are analyzed and calculated by building the troposcatter over-the horizon path model. The analysis and calculation can be used in troposcatter experiment design and in over-the-horizon communication performance analysis.


ABET is an acronym that stands for "ATLAS/Ada Based Environment for Test". The IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee (SCCZO) has formed an ABET subcommittee to develop an international standard covering the use of Ada for test. This paper discusses the basic concepts of ABET, the context in which ABET will be used, the approach being taken to define ABET, the advantages associated with an ABET standard and the current status of ABET.


This paper deals with a highly problematic issue in the scope of the relationship of penal law and sociology, regarding the sociological legitimation of criminal law, following the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, and of course, Gunther Jakobs, who based its proposals for the criminal justice system in the sociology of Luhmann and the philosophy of Hegel. Because of the complexity of this expedition, this article is based on the concept of autopoiesis in Luhmann's conception of society and Jakobs' penal system.


The February 25, 2020, podcast interview highlighted an article on anticonvulsant medications for status epilepticus. For our What's Trending feature of the week, you'll hear an interview on the future of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation.


Presents a broad survey of philosophical thoughtEach chapter explores, and places in context, a major area of philosophical enquiry - including the theory of meaning and of truth, the theory of knowledge, the philosophies of mathematics, science and metaphysics, the philosophy of mind, moral and political philosophy, aesthetics, and religionAnnotated bibliographies for each chapter and indexes of names and subjectsGlossary of commonly-used philosophical termsChronological table of the history of philosophy from 1600


Based on the ability of processing information within the dynamic sights and visual fields of drivers, a calculation model of speed-limit value for traffic accident scene section was set up. According to the information characteristics of road and environment, traffic flow, traffic management, drivers, irrelevant personnel and weather, the occurrence probabilities of different informations were quantitated by using ergonomics theory. The speed-limit values were calculated in typical freeway accident scenes referring to the information characteristics. Calculation result shows that the speed-limit value is 70 km·h-1 in one-lane enclosed accident scene of bidirectional four-lane freeway. In one-lane and two-lane enclosed accident scenes of bidirectional six-lane freeway, the values are 80, 60 km·h-1 respectively. In one-lane, two-lane and three-lane enclosed accident scenes of bidirectional eight-lane freeway, the values are 80, 70 and 60 km·h-1 respectively.


Increasing demand for safety and automation places higher demands on sensor application, accuracy, reliability, intelligence, data acquisition and real time processing. Many of these criteria force engineers into the realms of non-contact or remote sensing with highly complex computer based sensors becoming more common. Trends in remote sensing in the steel industry are discussed along with the presentation of three recent applications involving both mature and emerging technologies in harsh industrial environments. The specific applications are detection of iron in molten slag using a near infrared sensor, molten iron level measurement using microwave radar and plate length and shear control using a laser doppler velocimeter.


The table-working method is the classical algorithm on transportation problem.But the loop can't sometimes be obtained to apply the algorithm.In the paper,a new algorithm to obtain loops is given and the table-working method is improved.


Abstract : Accurate forecasting of visibility at McMurdo/Williams Field, Antarctica is essential for the air operations involving the resupply of United States bases and the conduct of research on the Antarctic continent. McMurdo, located at 77 deg 51' S 155 deg 40' E, receives all supplies destined for use by the United States Antarctic Research Program scientists. The Williams Field skiway and the adjacent ice runway are approximately 4.5 mi southeast of McMurdo. Weather observations are taken at both McMurdo and the operational airfield. The visibility climatology, August through March, for McMurdo (1956-1983) and Williams Field skiway/runway (1968-1983) was prepared using four operational visibility categories, as well as the seven important weather parameters which reduce visibility, namely, blowing snow, light snow, moderate to heavy snow, the three types of fog and ice crystals. A wind speed/direction climatology was also prepared because of its relation to both blowing snow and fog.


In terms of the hypergeometric method, we establish the extension of a series for 1/π due to Ramanujan [Modular equations and approximations to π. Quart J Math (Oxford). 1914;45:350–372] with two free parameters and a beautiful series for π with one free parameter. Meanwhile, two series for 1/π with three free parameters are also derived in the same way.


It is generally known that companies which are subjects of external pressure in a dynamic and turbulent business environment have a strong demand for managers, for managing workers, entrepreneurs, and project and production directors. The focus is getting not only on their professional expertise but also on personal skills and on a balance-oriented work environment. We can conclude that management development is becoming an integral part of Slovak enterprises regardless of their size, the type of business they do and the industry in which they operate. The aim of this paper is to outline the theoretical perspectives on managerial competence through perused domestic and foreign literature and point out its substance. For each type of competence with which we can encounter in working life we point out also on the need for its valuation. We put emphasis on various approaches and methods from different authors.


Through the model test of river closure of hydropower station in different width closure dike,we get the main hydraulic parameters of closure gap.Comparing the test results,closure dike of twenty meters wide is more appropriate,which provides scientific basis for decision and implementation of river closure construction scheme.


Aerodynamic data have been obtained for a fuselage forebody alone and for canopy-body configurations consisting of four different canopies mounted on a fuselage forebody. Two of the canopies had the same shape and size rearward of the windshield but one had a "flat" and the other a "vee" windshield. The remaining two canopies were located at different body stations and were geometrically similar.


A new practical syndrome coding method is proposed in this paper to minimize a suitably defined additive distortion function using Adaptive Linear Programming of Polar Codes (ALP-PC). We propose modifications of the ALP-PC based on a new reduced factor graph for steganographic purposes which we denote by ALP-PCS. The implementation of wet paper codes in practice is possible using ALP-PCS. Simulation results show that this method minimizes additive distortion in steganography and gives good embedding efficiency performance.


The construction of the modern state is a dual constructive process of the nation state and the democracy state. But this process is not synchronous in China. So in the process of modernization, Chinese society must accomplish the transformation from traditional country to modern state, namely, construct modern democracy state and accelerate political democratization through the political development in addition to building the nation state and advancing the integration of the state. Upon it, the paper takes the non balance and independence of political development into the discussing sphere; furthermore, these two aspects will be treated as the logic jumping off point in studying of the Chinese democratization process.


The invention discloses a static random access memory which comprises a first bistable memory unit, a first bit line, a first supplementary bit line, a first word line and a second word line, wherein the first bistable memory unit comprises a first access end, a second access end, a first access switch and a second access switch; the first access switch is controlled by the first word line and is coupled to the first access end to the first bit line; and the second access switch is controlled by the second bit line and is coupled to the second access end to the first supplementary bit line. According to the static random access memory disclosed by the invention, multiple read operations and write operations can be simultaneously realized by using less transistors, and the static random access memory saves more space and has higher efficiency.


The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of an intervention program of goal setting using written report as feedback and controlling players' perception during the competitive season of a mini-basketball team. The intervention program was implemented on under-12 male mini-basketball team. The independent variable was the application of the intervention program of the goal-setting. The dependent variables were players' perception, and level of achievement of the goals. Three-four goals were design for each player. After each match, the players indicated in a scale from 0 to 10 their perception about the level of achievement of the goals. First day of practice of the week, the achievement of the goals and their perception was shown to the players. The results found show that: a) a reduction between the differences of the players' perception and the goal achievement through the season, and b) a significant increase through the season of the achievement of the goals was found. The study may be a reference to help coaches to implement goal-setting in youth teams.


usually accompanied by the maintained attachment of the frenum with the in cisive papilla. Since the retention of the teeth in alignment over a considerable period is necessary anyway, especially if the roots of the central incisors are mal formed which is frequently the case, the frenum has well subsided before stability is obtained (Fig. 9). In nearly 30 years of practice, it has been found that surgical reduction of the labial frenum is rarely necessary, and that unless the operator is well versed in the procedure the frenum should be left alone. Too often excessive removal per mits the upper lip to curl unattractively.


The fatigue crack growth rate can be explained using features of the surface of a structure.
Among other methods, linear regression can be used to explain crack growth velocity. Non-
linear transformations of fracture surface texture features may be useful as explanatory
variables. Nonetheless, the number of derived explanatory variables increases very quickly,
and it is very important to select only few of the best performing ones and prevent overfitting
at the same time. To perform selection of the explanatory variables, it is necessary to assess
quality of the given sub-model. We use fractographic data to study performance of different
information criteria and statistical tests as means of the sub-model quality measurement.
Furthermore, to address overfitting, we provide recommendations based on a cross-validation
analysis. Among other conclusions, we suggest the Bayesian Information Criterion, which
favours sub-models fitting the data considerably well and does not lose the capability to
generalize at the same time.


A fluorine-containing olefin polymer, which is characterized by containing 10 mol% to 50 mol% of structural units derived from a monomer containing hydroxyl groups and having a polysiloxane segment in the main chain. The curable resin composition containing the polymer and a solvent will occur in the cured product obtained by curing a low refractive index film as an antireflection film is obtained. Of the present invention, the curable resin composition obtained by curing the composition having particularly excellent dust wiping.


Method for enhancing the glass article having a strength limit surface defects, is disclosed along with an electronic device incorporating a reinforced glass article, and reinforcing glass article produced by such a method. The methods generally the glass article, due to the acidic treatment medium substantially free of fluoride-soluble, at least a period of time sufficient to increase the breaking breaking point of the glass article, the contacting.


The complex dynamics characters of the mechanical centrifugal flywheel governor system are studied. The dynamical equation and the state equation of the mechanical centrifugal flywheel governor system are established according to Lagrangian equations. By the phase portraits, the motions of the nonautonomous system are studied under the definite parameters. And by Poincare map, the route from periodic motion to chaos is studied under the presented system parameters. An adaptive differential feedback is constructed to control the chaos of the mechanical centrifugal flywheel governor system. The chaos of the system is controlled via x|x|, too. And the periodic motion of the system is anticontrolled to chaotic motion by add a linear feedback item. The phase portraits of the controlled and anticontrolled system are obtained. The advantages of the two controlled methods are that the collect of the control signals are simple and can put on any time and the chaotic system can be asymptotically stabilized to equilibriums with small control, and the control disturbance will tend to zero at the same time. Chaos anticontrolling is helpful to make a non-chaotic dynamical system chaotic. The orbits of the system can be controlled by these three methods according to our target.


This chapter describes IDA, an autonomous and "conscious" software agent, and how she interacts with humans. IDA's purpose is to converse with sailors in the U.S. Navy using natural language in order to arrive at a job placement situation that is beneficial for the sailor and the Navy. Along the way we will explore the general notion of autonomy and what role IDA's "consciousness" plays in extending that concept.


MOS transistor structure - a highly doped first region (1, 9) first conductivity type, - a low-doped drift region (2) a first conductivity type, which adjoins the first region (1, 9), - at least one body region (3) second conductivity type to the drift region (2) is adjacent, - at least one source region (4) first conductivity type in a body region (3) is embedded, - a gate electrode (6) by a gate oxide (7) of at least one body region (3) and at least one source region (4) isolated, characterized, that a highly doped region (8) extends from the first region (1, 9) the first conductivity type below the body region (3) in such a way in the direction of the body region (3) into the drift region (2) that, in the blocking case, an avalanche breakdown on the region between the body region (3) and the highly doped region (8) is concentrated.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise our understanding of public value accounting (PVA) by studying the use and usefulness of performance measurements (PM) as a management tool. The authors do this from a perspective in which they address the complexity of various (sometimes conflicting) assessments of performance measurement and management (PMM) by different stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
An interpretative case study using qualitative methods. The paper is based on 30 interviews conducted in 2018 and 2019 with respondents working with PMM at different levels, such as politicians, officials and health-care professionals. The study context was Region Stockholm (RS) in Sweden and its health-care division.

Findings
PMs become an instrumental tool for PMM, which led to output being promoted above outcome. The authors show that there is a conceptual shortcoming in the discussion of PVA, as the effort needed to achieve outcome-based information might exceed the ability of an organisation to deliver it. The authors address the importance of studying the interaction among different stakeholders, including politicians, the public and media, in research on PVA, as well as possible power relationships among stakeholders.

Originality/value
The authors contribute to the growing research on PVA and its call for more empirical research by offering a more nuanced interpretation of PVA activities. The authors do this by studying PMM and the nature of these activities in a public sector organisation from a multiple-stakeholder perspective.


The overall tone of the Mansfield report supports the ABC's current role and functions and urges it to continue to have a broad based and innovative future. However the detail of the report does not support such a future due to both a lack of credible financial costings and ill-considered changes to the ABC's charter. The report concentrates on the ABC's current role and fails provide a future direction for public broadcasting.


SILMI HANIFAH. Uric Acid Biosensor Using Uricase Crosslinked with Glutraldehyde in Screen Printed Electrode. Supervised by DYAH ISWANTINI PRADONO and NOVIK NURHIDAYAT. Enzyme uricase from Bacillus fastidious (UBF) utilized as a biological identifier for uric acid biosensor. However, the characteristics of enzyme easily denaturated causing low activity, that can be improved by immobilizing enzim with glutaraldehyde. Instead of using carbon paste electrode (CPE), screenprinted carbon electrode (SPCE) was used as a adhesion. The best responses was obtained from SPCE immobilizied with glutaraldehyde that kept at 4 °C with optimum concentration glutaraldehyde 1.5% and concentration of uric acid 4 mM. KM dan Vmaks value of uricase were 0.8375 mM and 125 μA. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.053 mM dan 0.161 M, respectively with a sensitivity 36.987 μA mM –1 . Calibration method showed determination coefficient 0.9937 with relative standard deviation 1.76%. Stability of uric acid biosensor during 21 days gave 85.58% activity.


We report a rare respiratory complication after esophageal stenting for esophageal cancer. The patient, a 58‐year‐old male, presented with dysphagia and frequent choking of six months' duration. Malignant obstruction due to esophageal cancer complicated by a bronchoesophageal fistula was diagnosed. Total collapse of the left lung occurred on the second day after implantation of a rigid esophageal stent. The esophageal tumor was pushed into the left bronchial lumen resulting in complete obstruction. The left lung re‐expanded after removal of the stent. The bronchial tumor was reduced in size after radiotherapy and, subsequently, a mesh stent was successfully implanted into the obstructed bronchial segment. The original rigid esophageal stent was then re‐inserted and the left lung regained sufficient aeration after the double‐stenting therapy. (Dig Endosc 1996; 8: 216‐219)


Abstract Sustainable development principles lead to new challenges for supply chains management. To cope with these new challenges, one of the answers is to develop new activities related to reverse logistic which aim at recovered product from customer to valorization facilities (disassembly, recycling, remanufacturing …). These activities contribute to reduce use of new materials and negative impact of end-of-life products but they also generate more complex information and material flows. In this context, inventory control of return product and new product is a critical issue. New inventory control policies have to be developed to manage both return and new product supply. In this paper, a supply chain model based on simulation and multi-objective optimization is proposed to determine best control policies and their parameters for multi-echelon closed-loop supply chain.


At this time, Indonesia faced a double nutritional problem is the problem of malnutrition and overnutrition problems. Umumya problem of malnutrition caused by poverty, lack of food supplies, lackof good kualiatas environment (sanitation), the lack of public knowledge about nutrition, abalanced diet and health and nutrition for poor areas (Iodine). Instead more nutritional problemscaused by economic progress in specific segments of society is accompanied by a lack ofknowledge about nutrition, balanced diets and health (Almatsier 2010). Nutritional problems foundin children who live on the coast and mountains. Usually the wrong diet that cause nutritionalproblems. The purpose of research to describe dietary and nutritional status of children of primaryschool students from families of fishermen and not fishermen in Southeast Minahasa Regency.This type of research is a survey research is descriptive, cross sectional study, the sampleamounted to 72 people. Data collected in the form of diet by using FFQ form and the level of foodconsumption is done with a 24-hour recall method performed 2 times. Data nutritional status ofchildren, collected using BMI index / U.The results showed that the pattern of energy consumption in general (52.7%) are less good, andonly 33.3% good, 66.7% carbohydrate consumption patterns less and 22.2% good, 58.3% proteinand 25% less good, 72.2% fat and 18.1% less well. Nutritional status of children 54.2% better, butthere is a very thin 5.5%, 22.2% and 2.7% underweight obesity. There is no difference betweenthe energy consumption patterns of children from families of fishermen with fishing instead offamily where p> 0.05, there is no difference between the pattern of nutrient consumption ofcarbohydrates with a child from a family of fishermen instead of fishing families where p> 0.05,there is no difference between the pattern of nutrient consumption of protein from fishing familieswith children instead of fishing families where p> 0.05, there is no difference between fatconsumption pattern child family fisherman with no fishing families where p> 0.05, there is nodifference between the nutritional status of children family fishermen not fishing families where p>0.05.


The present invention provides a method to identify phase sequence when charging an electric vehicle, comprising the steps of: charging the electric vehicle charging gun is inserted socket, wherein connected, external power supply charging gun; gun after the charging connector and a charging socket confirmed, acquiring charge a first phase voltage inputted to the outlet of the third phase RMS voltage; according to a first voltage phase to the third phase RMS voltage is determined as a three-phase power supply external to acquire the first to the third phase voltage of the phase voltage any one phase voltage of the rising edge zero and to detect an instantaneous value of phase voltage to the first phase voltage of the third phase voltage of the other two phases; phase sequence is determined according to the external power supply voltage instantaneous values of the other two phases . The phase sequence recognition method automatically recognizes the type of an external power supply, select different control strategies to achieve different types of charging power, saving the cost of building the hardware circuit, thereby improving the compatibility and reliability of the charging system. The present invention also provides a phase sequence recognition apparatus when charging an electric vehicle.


According to the editors this book was designed to serve as a reference guide for a multitude of topics in neuropsychology, akin to pocket reference guides in medicine specialties. The intended audience is not only neuropsychologists but also other clinicians invested in understanding brain–behavior relationships, such as neurologists, psychiatrists, medical students, graduate students from various disciplines, and social workers. Of the 32 chapters, 11 are written solely by the editors, Drs. Schoenberg and Scott. Seven additional chapters are co-written by the editors alongside other collaborators. The remaining chapters are written by a variety of 29 contributors, many well known for their research on their topic areas. Throughout the chapters there are highlighted ''rule-of-thumb'' boxes that are helpful not only in summarizing the chapter but also in highlighting specific key points related to the topic at hand. One could gain valuable knowledge simply by reviewing the ruleof-thumb boxes, whether or not one read the entire chapter. However, the additional ''key points and chapter summary'' boxes are not as useful and make some chapters feel repetitive in nature. The editors have formatted this reference guide in an interesting manner, one that mirrors the typical assessment process from start to end. The first few chapters focus on issues related to understanding referral questions. Unlike other references focused primarily on disorders, these authors have chosen a unique format by discussing presenting symptoms first, and then moving to diagnosis-specific chapters. This is followed by a review of psychometrics and interpretation considerations. The first four chapters are focused on the ''prep work'' of assessment such as appropriately addressing the referral question, deconstructing the medical chart, and understanding the components of a neuropsychological evaluation. Various issues, such as timing of testing, providing recommendations, medico-legal issues, and deficit measurement, are well described. Interestingly there is a separate section


Reflecting on the importance of multiculturalism in teaching process and observing the otherness are primarily a challenge. This enables us to rethink what we have within ourselves, also to reconstitute memories involving discriminatory and unethical attitudes, which takes place in social fellowship. Based on the studies of Walsh (2007, 2009), Gomes (2007) and Tavares (2011), this work relies on decoloniality studies, mainly on the relevance of the history of Africa and Africanness in Brazilian education. Our corpus of analysis is found in the "Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educacao Basica" (DCN, 2013), the Brazilian Legislative Syllabus for Basic Education. Our focus is on the chapters concerning the Native-Brazilian and Quilomboa Education and ethnic-racial relations. Our most important aims are: to show the intercultural theoretical framework in which they are based on; to understand the immediate link established between the Native-Brazilian education and intercultural perspective; to clarify how the African diaspora was carried out in this particular case. Based on some Excel resources we were able to: 1) stablish the predominance of functional framework of interculturalism throughout these chapters, along with some critical features of interculturalism, as the issue of curricular decoloniality; 2) observe the established relationship between bilingualism and multiculturalism in the guidelines of Native-Brazilian education; and 3) identify a search for an effective inclusion of Africanness in curricula supported by the historical recognition and visibility of their sociocultural contribution.


The distribution of hepatic succinic dehydrogenase has been compared in common bile duct‐ligated and control rats. In control cases, a gradient of succinic dehydrogenase activity is found within each liver lobule; periportal regions exhibit the highest level of enzyme activity, and the activity gradually decreases in a central direction. Centrilobular regions exhibit only slight activity.


Continuum of maternal health care is crucial for women's reproductive health. Initiation of family planning use during the postpartum period also is crucial for both maternal and child health. Nepal has emphasized the continuity of maternal health care as well as the use of modern contraception postpartum. In this context the paper examines the role of the continuum of maternal care on subsequent use of postpartum family planning. For the analysis the study uses information obtained in the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) from women of reproductive age who reported at least one birth in the 5 years before the survey. Results show that within 12 months following the last birth 37% of women started using a modern family planning method. Continuity in the use of maternal health care is significantly associated with contraceptive use postpartum after controlling for other socioeconomic and demographic factors. The results imply that providing a continuum of maternal health care -- antenatal delivery and postnatal -- and ensuring that all women receive this care can increase the use of postpartum contraception. It is time to consider the importance of the continuum of maternal health care and to establish responsible institutions to implement and monitor the integrated maternal child health and family planning program during the process of state restructuring and power devolution in the new federal structure in Nepal.


Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology is very effective technology with huge data transmission rates over 3.1–10.6GHz frequency band with minimum utilization of power. Low noise amplifier (LNA) is typically the first stage of a receiver whose performance greatly affects the overall receiver performance. This work presents the design of UWB LNA with resistive feedback and shunt peaking techniques. A Cascode inductive degeneration LNA has been initially designed. Resistive shunt feedback LNA is generated from this basic topology. Bandwidth extension technique using shunt inductive peaking has been employed on the resistive shunt feedback LNA. The designs are simulated using Cadence Virtuoso Spectre using CMOS gpdk180 for 3.1–5GHz lower UWB applications. The resistive shunt feedback LNA shows a maximum voltage gain of 23.3 at 4GHz and a minimum NF of 1.67 at 4.2GHz using 1.8 V supply. The resistive feedback LNA which employs shunt inductive peaking technique has an extended 3-dB bandwidth of 4.21GHz compared to the basic resistive shunt feedback LNA that achieves 3.5GHz bandwidth.


In this paper we develop a complete model to simulate the properties of a long period fiber grating whose cladding index is lower than the ambient refractive index based on coupled mode theory and radiation mode theory,and we also present a new method to solve the radiation mode coupling equations numerically.The characteristics of coupling from core mode to radiation mode in a LPG is analysed,and the general rules are summarized,which agrees well with experimental results.In addition,this model can be easily applied to fiber Bragg gratings.


Wireless sensor networks require protocols which are energy efficient to improve the network lifetime. This work mainly focuses on the cross-layer implementation that takes routing module and MAC module for the required application. At the routing layer unequal clustering is taken, which employe tunable range for cluster radius and eliminates the burden on nodes which are near to base station. At the MAC layer Timeout MAC is taken, which employe dynamic duty cycle that reduces the power consumption of node by making it to go to sleep state. This proposed model for the joint optimization system is tested by simulations in order to quantitatively evaluate the benefits of proposal. Castalia, which is based on OMNeT++ platform is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol.


Hepatic fibrosis is one of the common pathological features of chronic liver disease. Atorvastatin and naltrexone previously showed a beneficial effect on hepatic fibrosis. In the present study, we compared the effect of atorvastatin and naltrexone on a rat model of hepatic fibrosis induced by BDL. Methods: This study was carried out on 4 groups each of 10 albino rats; Group 1: Sham operated group, Group 2: BDL group + No treatment, Group 3: BDL + Atorvastatin orally for 4 weeks and Group 4: BDL + Naltrexone SC for 4 weeks. Serum bilirubin, ALT, AST, ALP and hyaluronic acid and hepatic hydroxyproline content, GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio and TNF-α level were measured. Histopathological examination of the liver tissue was performed. Results: Treatment with either atorvastatin or naltrexone showed significant increase in hepatic GSH and hepatic GSH/GSSG ratio with significant decrease in serum hyaluronic acid and hepatic hydroxyproline content and TNF-α and improvement of histopathological picture of hepatic tissue. Also, naltrexone produced significant decrease in serum total bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALP while atorvastatin showed significant increase in their levels. Moreover, treatment with naltrexone showed significant reduction in serum hyaluronic acid level and more improvement in the histopathological picture of hepatic tissue than atorvastatin. Conclusion: Naltrexone is more effective than atorvastatin in attenuation of BDL induced hepatic fibrosis and both could be of beneficial effects in treatment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. [Mohamed Nabih Abdel Rahman. Comparative Study between the Effect of Atorvastatin and Naltrexone on Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Bile Duct Ligation in Rats. J Am Sci 2012; 8(8):64-69]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10


This paper explores the impact of environmental regulation on total factor productivity growth, from the perspective of a spatial econometric approach. The empirical findings are: (1) TFP growth increased slightly over the years for 1992–2008 in China, depending mainly on the technical change. (2) Spatial dependence and the productivity growth effect are statistically significant and positive. (3) Local environmental regulation has a positive impact on TFP growth, confirming the "Porter Hypothesis". However, the neighboring environmental regulatory has a negative effect on the local TFP growth, and moreover, the development of the provinces are more susceptible to regulatory effort neighboring geographic-based weight than that of income-based weight.(4)There is little evidence supportive of an environmental "Race to Bottom" in Chinese provincial environmental regulation during the sample periods.


"To think that you have to manifest your greatness by behavior that recalls the very worst events of the 20th century on the edge of the 21st century, when everybody else is trying to leave the nuclear age behind, is just wrong. It is just wrong. And they clearly don't need it to maintain their security vis-à-vis China, Pakistan, or anybody else. So, I just think they made a terrible mistake. And I think we, all of us, have a responsibility to say that, and to say that their best days are ahead of them, but they can't—they have to define the greatness of India in 21st Century terms, not in terms that everyone has decided to reject."


The internal fruit peels of Citrus paradise (Rutaceae) have been used in Sudanese traditional medicine to treat catarrh and malaria has been obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus. The yield of oil was 0.4 then subjected to GC/MS analysis. The essential oil of C. paradisi internal fruit peel contains 12 identified compounds and the main components are limonene, myrcene, pinene and trans-caryophyllene.


The bioimpedance of Longissimus dorsi (LD) beef muscle and its pH values were examined continuously for ten days with a four-pole electrode under polyfrequency (5~200kHz) conditions. Thirty beef cattle carcasses were used in the study immediately after the cattle were slaughtered. The results showed that the bioimpedance of the beef muscle was related to its pH (γ=-1.000~-0.999) in the first three days. The third day after the cattle were slaughtered, the bioimpedance value of muscle samples peaked and the pH decreased to the lowest when the frequency of the initiated electric current was controlled between 40 and 200 kHz. At different frequencies, the bioimpedance of muscles dispersed to different degrees. Especially within a range between 5 and 100kHz, frequency and the length of storage time after slaughtering affected the bioimpedance of muscles more. Under the same conditions, the bioimpedance measured parallel to the cross-section area of the muscle fiber was higher than that measured along the direction of the muscle fiber.


Typical objective methods for quantifying image quality(cid:2) as part of evaluating coder performance(cid:2) are obtained by computing a single or several numbers as a function of the di(cid:7)erence image between the original and coded images(cid:0) Pre(cid:8)processing images prior to encoding can remove noise(cid:2) or unimportant detail(cid:2) and thus improve the overall performance of the coder(cid:0) However(cid:2) the error image obtained with the pre(cid:8)processed image as a reference is substantially di(cid:7)erent than the one obtained if the original image is used(cid:0) In particular(cid:2) adaptive noise removal(cid:2) that generally improves the image quality(cid:2) could be interpreted as introducing noise with respect to the original(cid:0) This paper addresses the issue of combining the changes in the image due to pre(cid:8)processing and the degradation due to encoding(cid:0) The objective is to obtain global quality measures that quantify the value of pre(cid:8)processing for image coding(cid:0)


Thank you for downloading cerebrovascular ultrasound theory practice and future developments. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this cerebrovascular ultrasound theory practice and future developments, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


Melissopalynological contribution to the knowledge of the honey flora in a sector of the Phytogeographic Chaquenian Province, Argentina. The honey flora of a sector of the Occidental y OrientalChaco phytogeographic province, Argentina, was studied. Availability of plant flowering, considering the botanical origin of pollen grains contained in honey samples was investigated. Plant specimens and honey samples were collected in 20 apiaries during spring and summer of years 2004 to 2007. The flowering period in the studied region is larger than in other Argentine an regions, extending almost the entire year. Field records revealed the presence of 282 plants species belonging to 65 Angiosperms families being Fabaceae and Asteraceae the most well represented. Two flowering peaks were detected, one between September and December, and the other from February until late March. The first peak of flowering involves a larger number of plant species than the second. Major flowering contribution was produced bynative species; woody plants are dominant in spring and herbaceous ones in summer. Although 118 pollen types were identified in the honey samples, the main nectar sources came from a few plants belonging to Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae and Zygophyllaceae.


In a structured peer-to-peer (p2p) network, Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) are maintained by nodes to store information and to route the packets. But sometimes a node can be attacked and so it may deny the DHT key access or misroute the packets. Replica Placement is a key mechanism to overcome these problems by placing replica for nodes in p2p network. MAXDISJOINT replica placement strategy creates disjoint routes that redirects the routes from source to destination nodes. Another replica placement strategy is Spaced replica placement where replica identifiers are separated by uniform spacing. Our proposed work is to make efficient placement of replicas by combining MaxDisjoint and Spaced replica placement and thereby reducing its implementation cost.


The admittances and subthreshold characteristics of capacitors and MOSFETs on buried InxGa1-xAs channel wafers with a dielectric stack of Gd0.25Ga0.15O0.6/Ga2O3 deposited on GaAs and In0.53Ga0.47As are reported. Both the GaAs and InGaAs interface samples show admittance characteristics indicative of the presence of defect states within the oxide, in agreement with previously reported data from the same oxides on n+ substrates. The interface state model is applied to the admittance data to extract an apparent interface state density (Dit) that includes interface and oxide states. The Dit profiles are very different and have pronounced effects on the device performance. The device subthreshold swings (SS) at low source-drain voltages are also used to extract an apparent Dit. A simple method is used to estimate the Fermi-level position within the bandgap (Et) at threshold, and the resulting Dit(Et) are found to be in good agreement with the admittance data. The importance of proper interpretation of SS and D...


The successful realization of high gain free-electron lasers has opened new possibilities to X-ray scientists for investigating matter in different states. The availability of unprecedented photon properties stimulated the development of new experimental techniques capable of taking full advantage of these options and has started a virtuous collaboration between machine experts and photon users to improve further and optimize the generated X-ray pulses. Over the recent years, this has led to the development of several advanced free-electron laser (FEL) schemes to tailor the photon properties to specific experimental demands. Presently, tunable wavelength X-ray pulses with extremely high brilliance and short pulse characteristics are a few of the many options available at FELs. Few facilities can offer options such as narrowband or extremely short pulses below one fs duration and simultaneous pulses of multiple colors enabling resonant X-ray pump—X-ray probe experiments with sub fs resolution. Fully coherent X-ray radiation (both spatial and temporal) can also be provided. This new option has stimulated the application of coherent control techniques to the X-ray world, allowing for experiments with few attoseconds resolution. FELs often operate at a relatively low repetition rate, typically on the order of tens of Hz. At FLASH and the European XFEL, however, the superconducting accelerators allow generating thousands of pulses per second. With the implementation of a new seeded FEL line and with an upgrade at FLASH linac, all the new features will become available in the soft X-ray spectral range down to the oxygen K edge with unprecedented average photon flux due to the high repetition rate of pulses.


EC Comm., Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, Working Document, Preliminary Draft, Community guidelines on State aid for railway undertakings, 13 decembre 2007 Nous voulons signaler,…


The present study is based on an archaeology project, which was aimed to provide the 3rd and 4th grade students of Yasemin Karakaya Science and Art Center of the Ministry of National Education of Turkey with historical information and high level thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis, and assessment, and performed in 13 sessions for 6 groups during the 2012-2013 educational year. It was intended in the scope of the project to help improve the sense of protection and possession towards cultural assets and raise awareness regarding cultural heritage at early ages based on the themes of Anatolian civilizations, archaeological excavations, basic principles of archaeology, and archaeological materials. During the project, activities towards the objectives of creativity, love of art, visual imagery, museum awareness, and visual culture were conducted by the field representatives in different milieu via various educational methods. The final products of the project activities were shared in the scope of an exhibition in the science fest. Keywords: Ankara Yasemin Karakaya science and art center, archaeology, archaeology in education, archaeology education project, education project at primary school


pilepsy is one of the oldest, and most well known ailments of the brain. It has afflicted many historical figures, and an enormous collection of research has been performed in an effort to understand the many facets of the disease. What causes seizures? What are the mechanisms in the process by which one becomes epileptic, known as epileptogenesis? Most of the biological processes underlying this disease have yet to be clearly understood, despite its thousand year or more history. Along the way, neuroscience evolved. A progression has taken place from the world of gross anatomy into the present molecular and cellular approaches. While the epileptic human brain is not entirely intractable, animal models have been developed out of necessity , because one cannot study the brain of a living human being unless a diseased portion is removed. The paradigm has been shifted. From the late 19 th century, the time of Ramon y Cajal (the father of neurosci-ence), until the mid-1990's, neuroscientists believed that people are born with a fixed set of neurons. As an adult many would be lost, but nothing would replace them. 1 Contrary to this hypothesis, neuroscience is currently exploding with new findings about the birth of new neurons in ancient regions of the brain, namely the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus. Neurogen-esis, as this phenomenon is called, adds yet another dimension to the epileptic brain. Another set of questions has arisen in the ever-growing complex network of molecules and cells. My work addresses whether the level of neurogenesis is altered in animal models of epilepsy, and examine possible causes of such alterations. The work is important in the quest to better understand the processes leading to the development of epilepsy. BRIEF HISTORY AND OVERVIEW OF EPILEPSY The victims of epilepsy included a great many famous individuals in our history including Socrates, Alexander the Great, Ju-lius Caesar, Joan of Arc, and Dostoyevsky. In the time of Hippocrates it was believed that epilepsy, often referred to as the " falling sickness, " only affected individuals that were possessed by evil spirits. 2 John Hughlings Jackson is credited with being the first scientist to perform neuro-biological analysis of epilepsy in the 1860's. Jackson was the first to describe a partial seizure, as well as the progression of seizures as they spread through the brain. For this reason the spread of partial seizures became known as the " Jacksonian …


The inclusion regions of the eigenvalues enable us to work out efficient criteria for the estimation of the number of sinuso ids. To exploit those regions, it is necessary first to transform the covariance matrix. That is why we put forward a transformation ba sed on an approximation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, so as to obtain the radii and the centres of the Gerschgorin disks, the disk s being the studied inclusion regions. We show that the introduction of information concerning the radii and the centres in the detection c riteria improves their performances tremendously. A new criterion using the Euclidean distance (and called GDE dist) is also suggested.


The invention discloses a method for suppressing a pressure increase phenomenon in a closed fluid path pipe network system. The closed fluid path pipe network system comprises a fluid path self-locking valve, a stop valve, a branch pipe in the fluid path pipe network system, a heater and a temperature sensor, and the method comprises the following steps of: turning on a pipeline heater before the self-locking valve is closed, and heating fluid in the pipeline, so that the fluid temperature is higher than an upper limit of an ambient temperature variation range; and heating the closed pipeline, and closing the self-locking valve. The problem that the pressure in the closed fluid path pipe network system is sharply increased in a working fluid conveying system is solved, so that the safety of the system can be guaranteed, the frequency of opening the self-locking valve for pressure relief can be reduced, and the temperature conditions of the fluid path pipe network system are monitored in real time; and therefore, the service of monitoring and controlling the state is greatly simplified.


We invented a drape-like shield against scattered X-rays that is safe to come into contact with medical equipment or people during fluoroscopically guided procedures. The shield can be easily removed by one hand from a C-arm unit. We evaluated the use of the novel removable shield under the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure. We measured the dose rate of scattered X-rays around endoscopists with and without this removable shield, and surveyed the occupational doses to the ERCP staff. We also examined the endurance of the shield. The removable shield reduced the dose rate of scattered X-rays to one-tenth and reduced the monthly dose to an endoscopist by at least two-fifths. For 2.5 years, there was no damage to the shield and no loosening of the seam. The bonding of the hook-and-loop fasteners did not weaken, although the powerful double-sided tapes for plastic did weaken. The removable shield can reduce radiation exposure to the ERCP staff, and may contribute to reducing the exposure to the lens of the eyes of operators. It would also be possible to expand its use to other fluoroscopically guided procedures besides ERCP because it is a light, simple, and useful device.