increasingly rapid rate, primarily data generated by ultra high-throughput screening activities. Their databases, which store information about the structure, composition, properties and function of each experimental compound in their vast libraries, are expanding at an extraordinary pace. The ever-increasing size and complexity of these data resources hold great promise for the future of drug discovery and the prosperity of the pharmaceutical industry, an industry in which information, when applied prudently, is a valid measure of wealth. Electronic data is rapidly becoming large pharma's most valuable asset. It will guide decisionmaking processes across an enterprise. The raw data itself, though, is of only limited value. Extracting optimal value from large datasets requires consolidation, integration, and organisation of raw data to facilitate data mining, the process of querying a database to identify patterns and trends. This process can transform data into information and information into knowledge, which can then be shared, compared and applied across an organisation. Not unlike a vein of precious mineral buried deep within the Earth's crust, information will only be of value if it is collected, handled and preserved with care and forethought. Yet the increasing volume of these data stores also threatens to overwhelm the capacity of available data management systems to capture, retrieve and manipulate data efficiently. Continuously expanding databanks could clog these systems, slowing data transport networks, delaying data recall and, in short order, making current data analysis systems increasingly unwieldy and obsolete. As a result, a company's ability to access, interpret, and apply data could be seriously compromised. The solution to overflowing data streams and clogged information pipelines lies not in limiting data collection or the size or scope of a database, for every nugget of information is of potential value. Rather, the answer is to establish an enterprise-wide system for consolidating and integrating research data and for storing the data 'offline', outside the laboratory setting. Inherent in such a system would be a mechanism for sorting, cleaning, and assessing the data, making sure it is valid, relevant and presented in appropriate and compatible formats. The cleaning and validation process would eliminate repetitive data stores, link data sets and classify and organise the data to enhance its utility. Finally, the data should be stored in a fashion that makes it readily accessible to users on a local and global level. There are two major approaches to solving the challenge of corporate data access. Under the 'federated' model, operational databases and other repositories remain intact and independent. Data retrieval and other multiple-database transactions take place at query time, through an integration By Dieter Kreusel


This paper summaries the promotive role of the calcineurin in myofiber type transformation,providing reference information for further study on the meat quality.


Based on the kinetics and mechanism of coupling and regeneration reactions,process simulation was carried out for synthesis of diethyl oxalate by carbon monoxide coupling reaction catalyzed by the supported palladium in the presence of ethyl nitrite.According to the simulation results,the scale up test was performed and the proper match was realized for the coupling reaction and regeneration.The toxic materials from the system went down to nil.


Nanocomposite performance relies on reproducible dispersion and arrangement of nanoparticles, such that the dominant morphology across macroscopic dimensions is nanoscopic. The impact of electric fields on the interaction of nanoplates is discussed for improving dispersion. For ideal dielectrics, an electric field may assist (or retard) exfoliation depending on the angle between a collection of plates and the field. A critical electric field strength for exfoliation is predicted. Structural refinement occurs by cleavage through the center of the stack. For lossy dielectrics, frequency can be tuned to cause exfoliation in all plate orientations.


The first steps of silver clusters nucleation have been studied by pulse radiolysis in the presence of EDTA and CN- ligands. The successive rate constants and the transient absorption spectra corresponding to Ag10 and Ag2+ have been determined. It has been found that Ag10 and Ag2+ were complexed by the ligands. In addition to the usual charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) bands, red shifted in the presence of EDTA and CN-, the complexed Ag10 and Ag2+ spectra exhibit an additional absorption band assigned to a metal-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT). The red shift of the CTTS band of the silver atom, which is more pronounced when the ligand interaction is stronger, is correlated with the ligand-induced redox properties of the monomeric silver couple.


This thesis is a part of a larger scenographic project which is based on Antigone by Sophocles. I attempted to provide a visual and dramatic framework for the play which was then tested by the project itself. Thesis is divided into two parts. The first one deals with the theoretical problems of Ancient Classical Tragedies and different ways they can be represented in contemporary drama, with special regard to up-to-date approaches. It also suggests how the theory may be utilised in the visual and dramatic aspects of the theatre. It shall also touch on the question of the modern spectator and the factors that influence his perception.
The second part focuses on the scenograhic project itself and aims to provide a step-by-step explanation of each scenic situation and to support it by layouts, sketches and other visual material.


Summary. We analyzed concentration of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 and complex MMP9/TIMP1 in blood serum in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in patients with co-existing COPD and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Serum concentration of complex MMP9/TIMP1 in patients with COPD was significantly higher than in controls. Patients with COPD stage III had higher concentration of the complex than those with COPD stage II. It is important that MMP9/TIMP1 concentration increased more significantly in patients with combined pathology than in patients with COPD. Difference between MMP9 level in patients with COPD and in patients with co-existing COPD and IHD was estimated. Highest levels of MMP9 were found in patients with combined disease. Therefore, concentrations of MMP9 and MMP9/TIMP1 positively correlated with COPD severity both in patients with COPD and with combination of COPD and IHD.


What is it about Bolero, Gaspard de la nuit, and Daphnis et Chloe that makes musicians and listeners alike love them so? Stephen Zank here illuminates these and other works of Maurice Ravel through several of the composer's fascinations: dynamic intensification, counterpoint, orchestration, exotic influences on Western music, and an interest in multisensorial perception. Connecting all these fascinations, Zank argues, is irony. His book offers an appreciation of Ravel's musical irony that is grounded in the vocabularies and criticism of the time and in two early attempts at writing up a "Ravel Aesthetic" by intimates of Ravel. Thomas Mann called irony the phenomenon that is, "beyond compare, the most profound and most alluring in the world." Irony and Sound, written with insight and flair, provides a long-needed reconsideration of Ravel's modernity, his teaching, and his place in twentieth-century music and culture. Musicologist Stephen Zank has taught at University of Illinois, University of North Texas, and University of Rochester. He is the author of Maurice Ravel: A Guide to Research.


Professor Watts' (1980) review article of Fifteen Thousand Hours: Secondary Schools and Their Effects on Children was a welcome, optimistic view of the positive effect schools can have on pupils. It was particularly welcome for the optimistic view that teachers and schools can achieve something in the area of Aboriginal education. Watts reviewed this book against the background reality that many teachers of Aborigines come to feel that there is little the schools can do to help Aboriginal children learn; that the problems are so great that until there is a considerable improvement in the socio-cultural and socio-economic conditions of Aboriginal people, particularly in the urban and rural areas where the people do not follow a tradition-oriented life, there is little the schools can do. (Watts, 1980:3) While accepting Watts' view, I will argue that an overly optimistic view of the possibilities of schooling for Aboriginal children can be just as debilitating as the pessimistic view that broader structural inequalities such as poverty, poor housing, poor health have to be redressed before teachers and schools can achieve anything. To this extent it will be argued that teachers need to be positive about what they and schools can achieve. Teachers need to be aware of the specific ways in which schools can make a difference. 15,000 Hours… outlines some of these.


The three oil sands areas (OSAs) in northern Alberta (Athabasca, Cold Lake and Peace River) have an estimated initial volume in place of crude bitumen of 270 10 9 cubic metres (1.7 10 12 barrels). Oil sands consist of bitumen (extra heavy oil) and the surrounding host sediment, in which the natural conditions are such that the oil is too viscous to flow to a well bore. Most of the bitumen is hosted by Lower Cretaceous sands, with much of it being currently developable. Other bitumen is hosted within Devonian and some Mississippian carbonate rocks, mainly in the Grosmont deposit. The majority of the oil sands in the Athabasca OSA overlie either an area of complete salt dissolution or on trend immediately adjacent to the salt dissolution scarp. Partial salt dissolution occurs under the Cold Lake OSA. At Athabasca and Cold Lake the main geologic controls on the oil sands relate to increased accommodation effects and other structural effects of the regional NW-SE trending salt-dissolution front, resulting in combined stratigraphic-structural traps. The bitumen within the Peace River oil sands and the carbonate Grosmont deposit are


The effects of NaCl and cooking time on quality of peeled shrimp were analyzed.The results showed that Bacillus and Brochothrix could not be fully disinfected by cooking.Based on weight loss,texture,color analysis and sensory assessment,2%NaCl and cooking time 5~7min were determined as the best cooking parameters.Cooking time should be adjusted according to the size of peeled shrimp,and small peeled shrimp should be cooked with short time.


The concept of the electrodynamic propulsion has a number of attractive features and has been widely discussed for different applications. A number of system designs have been proposed and compared during the last ten years. In spite of this, the choice of the proper design, for a specific mission, is far from evident. Such characteristics of tether performance as system acceleration, efficiency, etc. should be calculated and compared. The code that calculates the current for bare and partly insulated tethers with circular (wire) and rectangle (tape) cross-sections is presented. It takes into account the corrections to the OML current due to the tether cross-section geometry and the magnetic field produced by the tether current. There are two options in this code: for current calculation with the prescribed energy supply and with the prescribed end-point potential. This permits to calculate the parameters characterizing tether performance. Results for the current calculated for tethers with different designs for the currently proposed Momentum exchange Electrodynamic Reboost (MXER) Tether System are presented.


This research studied the subjective experience of psychiatric nurses who had suffered from violent actions of their inpatients to find out how to support them. Fourteen nurses were interviewed about the emotion aroused by the incidents and how they coped with it. The data were analyzed along the sequence of time. The victims' subjective experience immediately after the violence yielded 98 codes classified into 5 categories. Victims reported their emotional trauma with unendurable feelings denial of their personality, threat to their safety, loss of mutual trust with their patients, etc. They were vulnerable to their colleagues' indifferent attitude and careless interaction and felt healed by their immediate intervention. The victims tried to secure their safety and retrieve mutual trust with their patients. The victims subjective experience in the later stage yielded 239 codes classified into 6 categories. The victims gradually interpreted the meaning of their experience, which process helped them overcome their trauma. The emotion accompanying the memories of violence tended to grow intractable and disabled them to face their experience and interpret it. Therefore, the victims need the support enabling them to deal with their emotion. The attitude and interaction of the colleagues of the victims were the key factors for their recovery from the trauma. The recovery process of victims was disturbed by their colleagues' indifferent attitude and careless interaction and on the contrary, promoted by their caring attitude and careful interaction meeting the victims' needs.


The invention enables accurate control of the electromagnetic field inside of the multi-mode resonant cavity in the correct way. Multiple input and multiple output analyzer (MIMO analyzer) is characterized in that it includes several elements, such as different agitators broadband antenna, made of a metal plate slot, other types of lenses, metallic and non-metallic. These elements together with a portion of the process, such as the exact location of the element being tested from the cavity allows the control of the electromagnetic fields therein. This control enables the emulation of the operation of the radio communication terminal to a unique method for of the under different fading scenarios for both indoor and outdoor, and anisotropic Rician fading scenarios. Part of the element to the procedure set in the MIMO analyzer may be used in industrial microwave heating process for heating, drying and hardening of the material, thereby enabling a greater efficiency and homogeneity of the process.


In my essay I have examined how teachers look upon their role as leader in the classroom. I have interviewed six teachers, senior level ones and teachers from the upper secondary school, about how ...


The ratio of protein to creatinine (PCR) in urine is a measure of kidney health of a human body. We report the development of a point-of-care (POC) kidney function test (KFT) kit, which is composed of a paper-based PCR sensor, an opto-electrochemical measurement unit, a display, and a facility to transfer data to a smartphone. For the total protein sensor, the pieces of filter papers were coated with a mixture of alcoholic bromophenol blue and citric buffer leading to a chrome-yellow coloration. While for the creatinine sensor the papers were coated with alkaline picrate solution leading to a lemon-yellow coloration of the surface. Dispensing protein (creatinine) solution of known concentration on the respective sensors led to the conversion of chrome-yellow to bluish-green coloration (lemon-yellow to orange coloration) for the total protein (creatinine) sensor. The intensity of such colorations varied with the concentration of the analytes in the solutions. The variations in the intensities of colors with analyte concentration were quantified by integrating a light emitting diode (LED) at one side of each sensor and a light intensity sensor (LIS) on the other side. The intensity of the transmitted rays, passing through the sensors, was found to vary the electrical output of the LIS monotonically with the loading of the total protein or creatinine in the analyte. This helped in obtaining the calibration plots for the PCR sensors. Further, the sensors were employed for the on-spot detection of the unknown PCR in the real human urine samples.


The modern level of development of information technologies inevitably has a very great influence on the life of a person and on the processes taking place in his life, as well as affects social relations and phenomena. In this regard, the state acts as a regulator of the infor-matization of society. The wide variety of social processes caused by the development of information technologies requires bringing the regulatory framework of the state in line with the needs of legal regulation. The State is directly responsible for developing the concept of the transition to the information society, including the development of appropriate innovative development programmes and the creation of the necessary conditions for the creation of modern information technologies. The article draws the author's attention to information support, which goes in two directions: the information revolution and management revolutions. 5 groups of indicators are presented («human capital,» «development of the business environment,» «costs and infrastructure,» «safety and quality of life,» «digitalization and innovation»), according to which the final rating of the digital transformation of large cities is formed. The place of Moscow in the ranking of digital transformation is shown. It is noted that the main areas of effective management are: improving state processes, connecting citizens, building external interactions. The history of development of electronic services in Moscow is presented. The most popular services and services of the portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow were highlighted. Technologies that were introduced into the infrastructure of the city of Moscow during the coronavirus pandemic were demonstrated. It is indicated the appearance of cyber threats and technical overloads in connection with the development of digitalization. The conclusion was made about the active introduction of technolo-gies developed in foreign countries in Moscow and the transfer of this experience to the regions of the Russian Federation.


1. Heater containing! and ferromagnetic conductor! electrical conductor electrically coupled to a ferromagnetic conductor! wherein the heater configuration provides a first amount of heat at a lower temperature and heater configuration provides a second reduced amount of heat when the heater reaches a selected temperature, or enters a selected temperature range, at which the ferromagnetic conductor undergoes a phase transformation. ! 2. A heater according to claim 1, wherein the ferromagnetic conductor is positioned relative to the outer electrical conductor such that an electromagnetic field generated by means of a time-varying current in the ferromagnetic conductor limits the majority of the electric current flowing through the outer electrical conductor at temperatures below the selected temperature, or close to it. ! 3. A heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrical conductor provides a majority of the withdrawn heat resistive heater at temperatures up to approximately the selected temperature, or the selected temperature range of the phase transformation of the ferromagnetic conductor. ! 4. A heater according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the phase transformation is a transformation of crystalline phase. ! 5. A heater according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the phase change represents a change in the crystal structure of the ferromagnetic material. ! 6. A heater according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the phase transformation is a transformation of the ferromagnetic conductor from ferrite to austenite. ! 7. A heater according to any and


This article is drawn from a talk by the author given to a local forum in which he comments upon the experience of working within and alongside crime and disorder partnerships. It discusses issues in which research and evaluation have been essential to project implementation ‐ closed circuit television surveillance and late night transport. It argues that whilst partnership working has been successful, the short‐term nature of research funding militates against successful strategy formulation.


More than 80 weather stations across Oklahoma were programmed on the IBM 650 computer for the purpose of classifying them, cllmatlcally, according to the original scheme developed by C. Warren Thornthwalte. Stations were selected to give a good geographic dispersal, and no station is more than 40 miles from a neighboring station. Because of incomplete information or improper punching not al stations could satisfactorily be utilized for a given year's record. For every year, however, 55 stations, or more, are utilized in the construction of isopleth maps subject to presentation and analysis in this study. For most years many more than 55 stations are utilized, and computational hiatuses do not exist for the same set of stations in any consecutive years.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-efficiency polyamine shale inhibitor. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cyclic ether is added into straight-chain amine under stirring and under a temperature of 50-90 DEG C, wherein a molar ratio of the straight-chain amine to the added cyclic ether is 1:2-3, and a reaction time is 1-4h; (2) the temperature of the material obtained in the step (1) is increased to 70-110 DEG C; epichlorohydrin is added under stirring, wherein the molar ratio of epichlorohydrin to the straight-chain amine is 0.4-0.9:1; and (3) water is added into the material obtained in the step (2), wherein the molecular ratio of water to the straight-chain amine is 1-2:1; a reaction is allowed for 1-2h, and the polyamine shale inhibitor is obtained after the reaction. With the method, the prepared polyamine shale inhibitor has excellent shale inhibition performance even under a low content. The synthesis method is simple; cost is low; no special odor is caused; and the method is environment-friendly.


This paper discusses why some autonomous political units ‐ municipalities ‐ introduce democratic innovations while numerous others do not. While institutions that engage citizens directly in the democratic decision-making have become more and more common in advanced industrialized countries, representative elites play a significant role in their implementation. The decision to adopt democratic innovations often remains at the hands of elected representatives, as well as their impact on policies. It still seems rather unpredictable, where and under what institutional and political conditions they are used. In this paper, system-level data from municipalities in Finland are analyzed in order to identify conditions facilitating the use of democratic innovations. The focus is specifically on municipal referendums and citizens' initiatives, which were introduced at the local level in Finland in 1990. Since then, more than a hundred referendums and initiatives have taken place. Data on the frequency, issues and effects of direct democratic instruments during 1991-2012 are compiled from official statistics and local newspapers. Two types of independent variables are used: Those related to representative democratic institutions include effective number of parties and particular parties' share of votes. The other explanatory variables are population, geographical location of the municipality and turnout in the previous local elections. The preliminary analyses show that the more seats a leftist party has in the local council, the more likely it is that local referendums occur. Second, citizens' initiatives are more likely to occur in municipalities that have large population and low electoral turnout.


25 Five 19F-substituted glucose analogues were used to probe the activity and mechanism of the 26 enzyme mutarotase by using magnetisation-exchange NMR spectroscopy. The sugars [227 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, FDG2; 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose, FDG3; 4-fluoro-4-deoxy-D28 glucose, FDG4; 2,3-difluoro-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose, FDG23; and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,329 dideoxy-D-glucose (2,3-dideoxy-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-D-erythro-hexopyranose), FDG2233] 30 showed separate 19F NMR spectral resonances from their respective αand β-anomers, thus 31 allowing two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy measurements of the anomeric 32 interconversion at equilibrium, on the time scale of a few seconds. Mutarotase catalysed the 33 rapid exchange between the anomers of FDG4, but not the other four sugars. This finding, 34 combined with previous work identifying the mechanism of the anomerisation by mutarotase, 35 suggests that the rotation around the C1-C2 bond of the pyranose ring is the rate-limiting 36 reaction step. In addition to D-glucose itself, it was shown that all other fluorinated sugars 37 inhibited the FDG4 anomerisation, with the tetrafluorinated FDG2233 being the best inhibitor. 38 Inhibition of mutarotase by F-sugars paves the way for development of novel fluorinated 39 compounds that are able to affect the activity of this enzyme in vitro and in vivo. 40


Unsustainable forest management is considered as one of activities that leads to forest degradation. Together with deforestation, degraded forests are contributors to the greenhouse gas emissions from the forestry sector, so it needs to be controlled. Furthermore, degradation affects the forest's productivity, and thus will affect the performance of the company which owns the licence for the utilization of its timber forest products. The objective of this research was to be able to identify aspects in Green Supply Chain Management and Life Cycle Assessment which are considered the most relevant to be applied in the management of degraded forest, and further to be structured in form of framework. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with a case study PT XYZ as the holder of a Business License for the Utilization of Timber Forest Products in Natural Forest, in East Kalimantan. Research data obtained through literature studies, field observations, and interviews with key personnel in the company. Data is then analyzed through reduction and concluded. The results showed that internal supply chain activities, namely forest planning, forest development, log production, and marketing, play a significant role in the process of greening the supply chain. The proposed GSCM-LCA Framework includes Green Planning, Green Operations, Green Distributions, and Green Marketing with LCA observations focusing on evaluating and analysing environmental impacts caused by their harvesting and transportation activities. The design of the framework in this study emphasizes strategic-fit, as an effort to adjust the company resources and abilities towards the opportunities in the external environment.


The study investigates selected factors affecting crime rates in the EU-15 countries during the years 2000 to 2007 with an especial focus on inflation rate, level of education, income and employment. While these topics have been investigated in former studies, the present study adds by introducing spatial panel data methods to the case. Regarding the effects of these factors, the present study obtains results comparable to those from former studies, whereby the robustness of these are confirmed.


Hourly wind speed and direction data from 12 coastline stations on Sardinia, Italy, are analysed in order to characterize sea breezes in the region. A set of criteria based on the diurnal reversal of wind direction, and the thermal gradient necessary to drive the circulation, is used to identify sea breeze days. Statistics are presented that describe the occurrence, duration, and strength of the sea breezes. On a stationwide basis, sea breezes are most frequent in the summer months (May–August), when they appear on more than one‐third of the days. Sea breeze occurrence and duration are the greatest for the stations on the east coast of the island. The all‐station average sea breeze duration reaches a maximum of about 9 h in June. The strength of the sea breezes is roughly 3 m s−1 during summer months on average over all stations in the sample.


Normal corn starch was extruded through nozzles with different length to diameter ratios (L/D). The expansion ratio of the extrusion-cooked starch increased from 4.5 to 13.0 as the extruder nozzle L/D increased from 2.5 to 3.4 and then decreased gradually to 8.5 as the nozzle L/D was increased to 10.3. The back-pressure in the extruder barrel was directly proportional to the nozzle LKI ratios, with the optimum expansion at approximately 7 MPa.


The antenna technology with microstrip patch antenna is widely increasing for its compact structure, low cost, lesser size and easy configuration. Microstrip patch antennas with various configuration provides wide range of applications in GPS, GSM, Personal area network, Direct broadcast satellite, radar Wi max Wi-Fi. The frequency range between 3.3 GHz and 3.7 GHz is widely used for wimax application, though the present single patch microstrip antenna system does not provide required gain, directivity and bandwidth. So I thought to work on improving gain as well as bandwidth. For this purpose I thought of making 1x2 planar array of patch for gain increment and then stacking these layers for bandwidth enhancement.


Grid is a solution to computationally and data intensive computing problems. Since the distributed knowledge discovery process is both data and computational intensive, the Grid is a natural platform for deploying a high performance data mining service. The approach to efficient data mining is parallelization, where the whole computation is broken up into parallel tasks. Existing mechanisms of data mining parallelization are based on NOW or SMP, it is necessary to develop new parallel mechanism for grid feature. We propose a new framework for easily and efficiently parallelizing data mining algorithms on Grid. The framework decomposes tasks according to each of the existing computing power of grid.


India and the European Union (EU) are major exporters of information technology (IT) and ITenabled services (ITeS) and both have high domestic demand for such services. India has developed as a major outsourcing hub. Its skilled and cheap manpower offers complementarities to the EU, which is facing shortage of labour due to a huge ageing population. The EU has a comparative advantage in technology and research and development, which can be beneficial for India. Trade complementarities have accentuated movement of IT professionals between the two economies and the presence of Indian and EU companies in each other's territories has increased. Since IT is a knowledge and skill intensive sector, movement of professionals between the two countries has contributed to the growing bilateral trade in this sector. Against this backdrop the objective of this paper is to examine the flow of IT professionals between India and the EU, identify the barriers in both markets and suggest how they can be addressed through domestic reforms, mutual collaboration and bilateral trade agreements like the ongoing India-EU Broadbased Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA). The paper found that movement of professionals has benefitted both Indian and EU companies and, in future, bilateral trade in the IT/ITeS sector and labour mobility is likely to increase. However, there are a number of barriers affecting movement of professionals in this sector. The paper suggests that while some of these can be addressed through domestic reforms in India and the EU, others can be addressed under the on-going India-EU BTIA and through inter-governmental cooperation between India and EU member states.


The narrative of love seen in Yi Kwangsu's literary world leads from the discovery of passion to the elimination of passion, and from the discovery of love to the prohibition of love. Yi Kwangsu regarded literature as a medium for enlightenment thought, and within that limit his writing works towards the dear objective of the self-preservation of the race-nation (minjok). Therefore, in Yi Kwangsu's work the subject of writing is a group subject; this subject is always assumes a pedagogical position towards the reader. What was important for Yi was not individual desire or emotion but the attainment of some kind of communal connection and union through the elimination of individuality. The content of the enlightenment thought Yi Kwangsu promoted passed through at least three different stages: a theory of the liberation of the emotions in the 1910s, national enlightenment thought during the 1920s and early 1930s, and an emphasis on universal human love beginning in the late 19305. However, irrespective of the content, the idea of writing as a practice of enlightenment remained constant throughout and the basic framework of a stately subject speaking to the group an to public concerns-what we have termed here the subject as patriot (chisajok chuk's)-never changed. This was due to the fact: that while being a novelist Yi Kwangsu never abandoned the role of the enlightenment leader. The content of his enlightenment thought underwent extreme change but the role remained constant, and as a result the idea of the modern which he sought could not escape the paradoxical circuit of endless self-negation which idealism involves. The journey which Yi Kwangsu's narrative of love took reveals the paradox not only of colonial modernity but of modernity itself understood idealistically. The position of ethical rigour which Yi Kwangsu inevitably reached was the product of such a paradox; he tried to uphold the position of a communal subjectivity, that is of the subject which regards the safety and preservation of the community as its highest value, even though this meant embracing the contradiction of self-negation and the paradox involved in the search for an idealised modernity. Through an analysis of the narrative of love as it appears in Yi Kwangsu's representative novels the second chapter discusses the formation and mode of being of this subjectivity of the patriot.


Two experimentswere carried out at the Agronomy Field laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2014 to study the effectiveness of pretilachlor and oxadiazon on weed control and yield performance oftransplant aman rice. In experiment I BRRI dhan31and in experiment II BRRI dhan46 was transplanted with eight weeding practices viz. , weedy check; one hand weeding; two hand weeding; weed free;Pretilachlor only;Oxadiazon only;Pretilachlor + one hand weeding; and Oxadiazon+ one hand weeding. The design was split-plot with three replications. Eleven weed species were found to be infested in the experimental plots. Although weeds were completely controlled in weed free treatment, it is not practicable.Pretilachlor oroxadiazon with one hand weeding performed the best in terms of weed density and weed biomass over single application of each and even manual weeding. Weeds were completely resistant to weedy check, poorly susceptible to one hand weeding, moderately susceptible to two hand weeding and single application of both herbicide and highly susceptible to both herbicides with one hand weeding while weeds were completely susceptible to weed free treatment. Herbicides produced slight phyto-toxicity which was recovered by two weeks of application. The highest grain yield was recorded from weed free treatment and was statistically identical to pretilachlor oroxadiazon with one hand weeding. Single application of pretilachlor oroxadiazon ranked the third in terms of yield and statistically similar to two hand weeding followed by one hand weeding. Weedy check performed the worst. Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 119-127, 2016


Among contemporary auteurs, perhaps none is more concerned with the oppression of the female voice than Spain's Pedro Almodovar. Almodovar's earliest films, Pepi, Luci, Bom y otras chicas del monton (Pepi, Luci, Bom, and Other Girls on the Heap, 1980) and Entre tinieblas (Dark Habits, 1983) in particular, demonstrate an acute awareness of historical female muteness in Spanish society. These films bring the voices of women into the narrative foreground and afford them unconditional agency while reallocating the male


With the increasing adoption of mixed reality technology, it is crucial to identify and avoid displays that cause noxious effects among users, such as loss of balance or motion sickness. Towards this end, we examined the effects of sinusoidal modulations of viewpoint on standing posture. These modulations varied the position of the user's viewpoint in a virtual environment (VE) over time along either the left-right or the forwards-backwards direction; each had a chosen amplitude and temporal frequency. We measured the resulting change in posture at the frequency of visual stimulation, the socalled steady-state visually evoked posture response (SSVEPR), and used a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) method to assess SSVEPR strength. These posture responses are described well by sigmoid functions of viewpoint modulation amplitude, allowing one to estimate the lowest amplitude of the visual stimulus that generates a just-detectable posture response. Results suggest that the visuo-postural control system's sensitivity to viewpoint modulation increases with the frequency of the stimulus. Results also suggest that there is a speed threshold for viewpoint movement that must be met or exceeded if a posture response is to be produced. The results are similar for both left-right and forwards-backwards modulations, and for conditions in which users either moved through the VE or were stationary in the VE while viewpoint was modulated. These results shed light on which features of visual self-motion stimuli drive postural responses.


provided concubines to foreign merchants. There are several articles on these colourful dimensions of Macao's society, but I am quite certain that many more details could be extracted from non-Portuguese sources to amplify our picture of the past. Another topic concerns the year 1725, in which the Chinese decided to limit Macao's commercial fleet to twenty-five vessels (p. 100). Several works mention that regulation, but a more thorough analysis is very much needed, because some documents suggest that this rule was not rigorously followed. In sum, Puga's study is a stimulating account. It balances Portuguese concerns against British ambitions, and it has a lot to offer on different views of the 'Other'. To some extent, 'monolithic' images are modified, especially because the author is able to identify divergent interests on each side – within the British 'camp' and among the Portuguese. These sections are particularly interesting to read. Finally, as was said, Puga has consulted an enormous quantity of English and Portuguese sources. He has also compiled an exceptionally detailed and very reliable index (more than 20 pages!). Historians working on Euro-Chinese relations, Macao and Guangzhou, different trade cycles, merchant groups, and the pre-opium period more generally, should have this book in their collection.


It is imperative for the Muslim to observe the consumption according to Islamic teaching based
on the Quran and Sunnah and according to the
Islamic Fiqh. Education in terms of basic Islamic
rules in regards to the Muslim food is very
important especially to create awareness in
determine the Halalness of the food consumed.
Hence this study focusses on education as
moderator towards knowledge and awareness of the
Muslim consumers over their consumption of Halal
food product. Data were collected from 162
respondents on a random sampling basis.
Quantitative analysis was conducted using SEM
AMOS version 22 in determining education as
moderator to knowledge and awareness of Muslim
consumers. The finding shows that the level of the
education plays a significant role as moderator in
strengthening the knowledge of Muslim consumer
in utilizing Halal food product. It indicates that
knowledge is positively significant related to
awareness. However, the relationship of
understanding related to awareness is not
significant maybe due to the attitude and practices of the Muslim consumer themselves. The study shows that consumers' education moderates the relationship between knowledge and awareness. Hence the emphasis of relevance government sector
and other Islamic institution to educate the society at large and Muslim consumers in specific is crucial as for them to get the benefit of education in increasing knowledge and awareness that comply with Shariah in food consumption


We examine the effect of fertility on marital stability in the UK using twin births and sex composition to tackle the endogeneity of family size. For women with children younger than age 12, we find little evidence that family size affects the probability of marital dissolution. For women with children at least 12 years or older, we do find evidence of a causal effect of children, but that this effect depends on how family size is increased.


Nowadays, vehicle lightweight design is a main topic in automotive industry. Crashworthiness, which is the most important performance of a full vehicle, must be always satisfied in the study on body lightweight design. This paper presents research, from the point of view of safety, of structural lightweight design of the front side rail of a passenger car. The response surface method is used to create mathematical models that represent the relationship between structural sheet thicknesses and absorbed energy of the entire structure in the frontal crash simulation, and the relationship between structural sheet thicknesses and the mass of the entire structure. Then an optimization process is performed, and the structural mass and original absorbed energy are defined as objective and constraint functions, respectively. Minimum mass and structural sheet thicknesses are obtained with the satisfaction of original absorbed energy of the front side rail structure. The weight reduction of the front side rail is 26.95%.


We establish a new theorem on the existence and uniqueness of the adapted solution to backward stochastic differential equations under some weaker conditions than the Lipschitz one. The extension is based on Athanassov's condition for ordinary differential equations. In order to prove the existence of the solutions we use a fixed point technique based on Schauder's fixed point theorem. Also, we study some regularity properties of the solution for this class of stochastic differential equations.


Key findings from the paper include: the benefits of adopting multiple methods and approaches, including non-monetary ones, in accordance with the objectives of the assessment and the types of adaptation options to be assessed; the need for further methodology development, including in relation to the treatment of uncertainty, economic valuation and equity; and the continued lack of detailed analyses of the costs and benefits of adaptation, including in a form that is relevant to decisions on public funding.


Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiomyopathy and is anatomically defined by large atrial and ventricular chambers, thin or normal myocardial walls, and poor systolic function. In the United States, up to 10,000 deaths every year have been determined to be secondary to cardiomyopathy, and of these 80% were due to the dilated form of the disease. This review describes recent advances of DCM, which can be grouped into the following headings: 1)etiologies and mechanisms of disease; 2) pathophysiology of the dilated heart; 3) diagnostic approaches; 4) clinical findings and prognosis; and 5) therapy.


We describe the neural-network training framework used in the Kaldi speech recognition toolkit, which is geared towards training DNNs with large amounts of training data using multiple GPU-equipped or multicore machines. In order to be as hardwareagnostic as possible, we needed a way to use multiple machines without generating excessive network traffic. Our method is to average the neural network parameters periodically (typically every minute or two), and redistribute the averaged parameters to the machines for further training. Each machine sees different data. By itself, this method does not work very well. However, we have another method, an approximate and efficient implementation of Natural Gradient for Stochastic Gradient Descent (NG-SGD), which seems to allow our periodic-averaging method to work well, as well as substantially improving the convergence of SGD on a single machine.


【Objective】 The objective of this study is to identify the vacuolar-type ATPase(V-ATPase) subunit A and subunit B's coding genes in silkworm(Bombyx mori) and analyze its expression level in different tissues on the 3rd day of 5th instar larvae and different sections of silk gland on wandering stage. 【Method】 The silkworm V-ATPase subunit A and subunit B's coding genes were identified by bioinformatics. The domains of the V-ATPase subunit A and subunit B were predicted by online tools. Sequence alignment among other species as well as phylogenetic analysis were done by software. The expression levels in different tissues of silkworm on the 3rd day of 5th instar larvae were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR). To understand the pH of different sections of silk gland on wandering stage, a pH indicator, bromphenol blue was injected into the body of silkworm through the pore. After that the silk gland was stained in different colors and the pH was indicated by those colors. At last, real-time quantitative PCR was used to make sure the expression levels of different sections of silk gland on wandering stage.【Result】The coding genes of V-ATPase subunit A and B BGIBMGA008295(GenBank accession number NM_001098359.1) and BGIBMGA002241(GenBank accession number NM_001098358.1) were identified. There were 3 highly conserved domains in subunit A and B, which were β barrel domain in N terminal, nucleotide binding domain in the central region, and domain in C terminal. Sequences alignment revealed that the identities of V-ATPases subunit A and B among different species were more than 90%. It indicated that the V-ATPases subunit A and B among different species were highly conserved. The cladogram showed that silkworm V-ATPase subunit A and B were clustered with the other lepidopterous insects. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that these two genes were expressed mainly in mid-gut, fat body, gonad and silk gland on the 3rd day of 5th instar larvae. The pH for different sections of silk gland was analyzed by bromophenol blue staining. The results indicated that the pH of posterior silk gland(PSG), posterior section(PMSG) and middle section(MMSG) of middle silk gland were larger than 7 while the anterior section of middle silk gland(AMSG) and anterior silk gland(ASG) were acidic. The expression level of V-ATPase subunit A and B in different sections of silk gland on wandering stage were analyzed and it was found that the two genes were highly expressed in ASG and AMSG. The V-ATPase may involve in the generation and maintenance of the acidic environment in these two sections.【Conclusion】 This study made clear the expression level of V-ATPases in different tissues in silkworm and the V-ATPases may involve in the acidification of the lumens of ASG and AMSG on wandering stage. This further provides a basis for functional study of V-ATPases.


The Venus Express (VEX) spacecraft offers the opportunity to probein-situ the density of the polar atmosphere of Venus at altitude range between 165185 km. Two methods have been used to derive the density at dedicated campaigns of the Venus Express Atmospheric Drag Experiment (VExADE). The first method uses the tracking data of the spacecraft to precisely compute the drag acceleration of its motion when passing through the thermosphere at the periapsis pass of its orbit [1]. The second method uses the inertial wheels on board the spacecraft to measure the torque generated by the atmospheric drag during the periapsis pass [2]. Both methods provide reliable and similar estimates of the density at the periapsis pass. The estimated density from the first three campaigns is about 2-3 times lower than the one predicted from available empirical models. It suggests either polar collapse of the thermospheric structure or colder thermospheric temperatures than predicted by the models.


Objective : There were few reports on the treatment of Adult-onset Still's disease and Diffuse cerebral dysfunction. This oriental medical treatment shows the possibility of healing Adult-onset Still's disease and Diffuse cerebral dysfunction, therefore we announce this. Methods : The acupuncture, herbal medicine, herbal acupucture(Jahageo, Nockyong) therapies were applied for treating this patient's chief symptom(chest discomfort, palpitation, rigidity, mentality change, global aphasia, dysphagia, coughing and sputum) Results : 1. Adult-onset Still's disease is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterised by salmon-colored rash, intermittent spiking high fever, arthralgia and variety of systemic features. This is one type of Juvenile arthritis. 2. Diffuse cerebral dysfunction is an anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and most cause of this is the hypoxia caused by hypotention or respiratory distress. 3. After oriental medical treatments, his chief symptoms were improved. Conclusion : The more study about oriental medical treatment on Adult-onset Still's disease and Diffuse cerebral dysfunction is needed.


The theory of Ecological Services and its value have been widely accepted in recent years. But the difficulty t realize the economical value of Ecological Services baffles the construction of sustainable eco-economical society. The seria articles"A new angle of view to realize the value of ecological services (totally 3 papers) " analyze these problems and brin up a theory of Ecological Capital and Ecological Capital operation to solve them. The relativity of ecological services value i discussed and some rules for ecological services value realization are brought out as sequence.


This study examined one room(studio apartment) residential deweller's housing behavior and housing need, and the relationship between the sense of housing values and housing satisfaction of one-room residence, The study surveyed 302 one-room residents in Busan city. The researcher modified, complime...


The article defines the main components that form modern public diplomacy, traces the role of public diplomacy subjects of Ukraine in the realization of the goals of public diplomacy in Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE, updates the issue of optimizing the interaction of public diplomacy subjects of Ukraine in Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE. It has been clarified that in the 21st century, the issue of establishing long-term relationships that create favorable conditions for state policy, in particular the influence on public opinion and those who shape it, is urgent. Public diplomacy has become an important factor in the international life of the vast majority of developed countries. It was revealed that the new rules of political interaction, which provide for openness and publicity, can be turned to advantage with the help of a well-thought-out strategy of public diplomacy, the results of which are measured not only by the positive image of the state in the world, but also by success in promoting foreign policy interests on the international arena. The key goals of public diplomacy are: strengthening the country's image, promoting its brand; ensuring a favorable environment in the field of international communication; development of two-way communication, partnership network; broadcast of political, cultural and other values (including through education); formation of public opinion by one state in another. It has been established that a complex of measures aimed at forming messages aimed at informing target audiences and certain groups of people abroad is of great importance for the effective implementation of the goals of public diplomacy in Qatar, Kuwait and the UAE. It has been proven that Ukrainian public diplomacy in Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE has significantly intensified in recent years, as evidenced by a number of successfully implemented projects by diplomatic representatives. The spectrum of such events includes a decent presentation of Ukrainian fields of culture, education, sports, science, tourism, etc It was revealed that the fundamental renewal of the institutional foundations of the cooperation of Ukrainian diplomats in Qatar, Kuwait and the UAE with the Ukrainian diaspora in these countries will give impetus to raising public diplomacy of Ukraine in the Gulf subregion to a new level.


Abstract. The contents of 30 stomachs of 3 swift species, and 96 stomachs of 9 swallow species were analyzed. Most of the birds were shot during the breeding season in the semi-arid grasslands of South Africa. The swifts fed mainly on termite alates and minute nemathoceran Diptera, while the swallows preyed mainly upon minute Coleoptera. Flying ants were an important food constituent in the diets of both swifts and swallows.


EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper presents a careful study of patients with non-specific inflammatory disease involving both small bowel and colon, either in continuity or in the form of skip lesions. Support by medical treatment is a therapy of choice. Steroids are useful but appear only to control symptoms rather than induce a remission. Surgery should be reserved for complications such as obstruction or for prolonged disability. Patients with inflammatory disease of both ileum


Traditional load balancing techniques measure the utilization of computers as scalars. This one-dimensional view fails to capture the more complex behavior of certain classes of concurrent computations. To resolve this shortcoming, we present the view of resource utilization as a vector, allowing multiple kinds of resources to be simultaneously reassigned. Applications that might beneet from this approach include those comprised of multiple computational phases, those with disparate processor and memory requirements, and those with loads changing in a rapid, but predictable fashion. Results are given for both synthetic and real applications running on small-to large-scale multicomputers and networks of workstations.


An arteriovenous graft (AVG), which is necessary for hemodialysis (HD), has frequent complications; stenosis that causes venous hypertension is concerning for physicians. Herein, we present a case of improved venous hypertension using a Viabahn stent graft in an elderly HD patient. An 86-year-old woman underwent maintenance HD with left arm AVG. Two years later, she was referred to our hospital for treatment of juxta-graft-venous junction (GVJ) stenosis. Subsequently, she underwent four percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures in the span of 9 months owing to recurrence of stenosis at the juxta-GVJ. One month after the last PTA, the patient had redness, swelling, and pain in her left forearm. We diagnosed venous hypertension based on angiography showing regurgitation to the periphery of the basilic vein and juxta-GVJ stenosis. The stenosed juxta-GVJ was adequately expanded using a 7-mm balloon, and a 7-mm stent graft was inserted into the stenosis site. Following the successful treatment of the condition, there was no regurgitation to the periphery of the basilic vein, and no symptoms were observed. This complication should be considered when an AVG is created because cutting off peripheral veins might prevent venous hypertension. Clinicians should perform regular postoperative monitoring.


By means of vigorous cooperation with NATO and a shrewd, 'multi‐vectored' foreign policy, Ukraine has done much to develop an independent identity since 1991. Yet these successes have done little to improve the country's samostiynist', its ability to 'stand on its feet'. The dominance of financial‐industrial clans and Soviet era dependencies not only risk making an unreformed economy unreformable, but also endanger national security. Western economic assistance (and NATO's programmes of cooperation) have addressed these problems superficially, whereas the European Union's approach to enlargement could shut Ukraine out of Europe. Such an outcome could have adverse consequences in Russia and Central Europe.


Client-centered, outcomes-based mental health counseling is driving the behavioral health field toward identifying mechanisms to facilitate specific, measurable goal setting and tracking with clients. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based, collaborative, goal-oriented style of counseling; however, the fourth process of MI, planning, is not as well defined as the other MI processes, especially related to goal setting. Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is a method for setting measurable goals and assessing clinical progress. The combination of MI and GAS has potential to be a valuable clinical tool to establish client-centered goals, monitor goal attainment, and provide feedback within clinical mental health settings. Therefore, we propose that the MI planning process can be enhanced by incorporating GAS. However, research is needed to substantiate the feasibility of the proposed integration. A brief case study is provided to illustrate key concepts.


The innovative practices always persuade concerned people, whereas ideas and innovation become the hallmark of progress. Even the Stock market is also not exempted from this, whereas financial derivatives have given the drastic change in the growth of the financial market. The major reason behind introducing derivatives is for minimizing or eliminating price risk through hedging. The Derivatives market has shown tremendous growth in recent years and has become multi-trillion dollar market. Marked with the ability to partially and fully transfer the risk by locking in asset prices, derivatives gain popularity among investors.


Among the epecimens of land ehells collected in Coeta Rica by the lamented Dr. Oabb, were eeveral preserved in epirita. These were eubinitted to me by him. I have examined the jaw and liiigaal dontition, and here offer the reaulte of my examination. The original figures of the living animale, ae drawn by Dr. Qabb, are aleo given, and hie notee incorporatcd in the text. It will be Beell that Dr. Qabb diecovered two new genera Velifera', n. g. Admal t (pl. n, fig. A), helioifom, blunt before, tapering behind, mantle subaentnl, thin, furnirhed with one or more ! acotseary procesau whioh O O W ~ most of the shell : rapintory, and, and genentive orifice#,-? ; a dintinct locomoth disk : longitudinal funorr above the margin of the foot, meeting over I simple, longitudinal mucar-pore (pl. xi, dg. D.) Bhell(p1. xi, fig. B) imperforate, globose, ~q thin, pollhed; ahorlr few the l u t luge, aarroely falling at the aperture: aperture slightly oblique, luge: pelistome MU^. Jaw with mooth anterior surface m d beak-like pmjeotion to the outthg edga Lingual membnne (pl. d flg. C) with the genenl unngemant of am &J : the a n t lrtenb hare an inner aide cutting point: marginrls ~ d ~ t e , with side rpw. Althongli thie animal doee not combine the characters of any deacribed genue, it is related to aeveral by ite separate characters. It hae the candal mucue-pore, and the jaw, of Zonitee; but diflera in having an appendiculate mantle. In


Review of literature on the properties and applications of steel, stainless steels, copper and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, titanium, polymers and composites, concrete and wood for suitability in maintaining the required strength while resisting attack from sea water and various marine organisms.


Introduction The integration of virtual reality into everyday life is changing sociocultural practices, including those related to cyberaggression, which causes negative consequences for mental health and well-being. Particular attention needs to be paid to the poorly researched but widespread roles of bystanders and defenders in cyberaggression (Machackova, 2020; Polanco-Levican, Salvo-Garrido, 2021). Objectives The aim is to study the behavioral witness strategies in cyberaggression in VR and their relation to personal and psychophysiological characteristics. Methods 50 adolescents aged 14-18 years old (50% female) witnessed cyberaggression in an experimental situation in the virtual space of VR-chat. Participants also filled Ten-Item Personality Inventory (Gosling et al., 2003; Egorova, Parshikova, 2016), I7-Impulsiveness (Eysenck, Eysenck, 1985; Kornilova, Dolnikova, 2011), Prosocial Behaviour (Furmanov, Kuhtova, 1998). To determine the functional state Heart rate variability (UPTF 1/30 Psychophysiologist, Mediсom) was measured before and after the experiment. Results Behavioral strategies in VR-aggression were divided into uninvolved bystanders (58%) and defenders (42%). All participants experienced stress and functional state decline when faced with cyberaggression, but the defenders were more affected (U=207, p<0.043). Defenders were more likely to have higher social responsibility (U=207, p<0.056) and lower neuroticism (U=208, p<0.054). There were no significant differences in impulsiveness. Conclusions Cyberaggression in a virtual environment is stressful, especially for active defenders, who are more included in the situation compared to passive bystanders. The prosocial role of a defender rather than a passive bystander may be related to such characteristics as social responsibility and emotional stability, but not to impulsiveness. The research was supported by RSF (project No. 18-18-00365) Disclosure This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project # 18-18-00365.


The response was observed of territory-holding male European Robins ETithacus rubecula to red— and brown-breasted model Robins which were presented either simultaneously with tape-recorded Robin song, or with no song. Robins displayed and sang at the silent red-breasted model, but sang and displayed much more at the models that were presented with song. It is suggested that, while the red breast is one important feature of Robins eliciting aggressive behaviour, song is also important. The relationship of these findings to studies of stimulus features eliciting behaviour in other species is discussed.


This paper describes Transmission Electron Microscopy studies of the structural changes of GaN1-xAsx alloys grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy at low temperatures on Al2O3 substrate. We found that by lowering the growth temperature increasing amount of As can be incorporated in GaN1-xAsx forming a single phase alloy. For the low As content a columnar growth of wurtzite structure is observed but for increasing As in the range of 0.170.75 the layer becomes amorphous. Increase in Ga flux at low growth temperature (about 200°C) leads to columnar alloys with As content >75% with a cubic structure. In addition to the structural changes monotonic change of the band gap is also observed with the As content in the alloy. The amorphous alloy is stable up to annealing at temperatures not higher than 600°C. Annealing at higher temperature leads to phase separation of GaAs:N and GaN:As confirmed by Z-contrast electron microscopy.


The deep foreshore is the part of the cross-shore profile that is between 8 m and 20 m deep. Indications exist that this area might be deepening. In this report the long term morphological consequences of this possible trend on the sandy coast of Holland (the stretch between Hook of Holland and Den Helder, excluding artificial defences) are discussed. It is assumed that the deep foreshore is deepening at a rate of 2 cm a year. Two scenarios, representing the hypothetical situation after 50 and 100 years, namely, scenarios where the deep foreshore has deepened 1 metre respectively 2 metres, are compared to the scenario where the deep foreshore does not deepen – more or less the actual situation. Six locations, spread along the sandy coast of Holland, are subjected to calculations to determine the effect that deepening of the deep foreshore has on the sandy coast of Holland. The focus is on three morphological aspects: 1. Dune erosion and extent of area of offshore deposition of sand storm surge. The process-based DurosTA model is used for calculations. The sandy coast is subjected to a storm surge with wave heights and water levels reaching maximum design values. The calculations show that dune erosion during storm surge does not significantly increase as a result of the deepening of the deep foreshore. The area of deposition – the extent to which sand is deposited offshore during a storm surge – increases slightly due to deepening of the deep foreshore. 2. Longshore transport The impact of deepening of the deep foreshore on the Dutch coast is determined by calculating the longshore transport created by two wavetypes, that together form a couple that is representative for the morphologically relevant wave types along the sandy coast. The process-based Unibest LT model is used for calculations. The Van Rijn formulation of sediment transport is applied. Increases of longshore transport vary between 3 to 8%, depending on the waveheight and angle of incidence. The increase of longshore transport is assumed to be proportional to the increase of longshore transport gradients along the sandy coast of Holland. 3. Cross-shore transport The process-based Unibest TC model is used for the calculations. Unibest TC is capable of simulating the various processes that contribute to sediment transport such as streaming, wave asymmetry, undertow and long bound waves. Deepening of the deep foreshore leads to an overall clear seaward shift of calculated transport rates in the order of several cubic metres per year per running meter (m') of coastline. General conclusion: altogether, these effects are limited when put into the perspective of the yearly volume of suppletions that are required now and in the future. However, they would be lasting and would endure many decades. Student: Thomas van Walsem; Graduation Committee: Prof. dr. ir. M.J.F. Stive (Delft University of Technology), ir. C. den Heijer (Delft University of Technology), dr. ir. P.J. Visser (Delft University of Technology), and drs. N. Geleijnse (Delft University of Technology)


For vehicles equipped with continuous variable transmissions (CVT) higher standards regarding noise and vibration reduction are demanded. Research by Bosch Transmission Technology (Bosch) has shown that there is a relation between noise and vibrations originating from the differential of the driveline and pushpart vibrations inside the CVT. Although the cause of these vibrations is known, sufficient knowledge is not available to improve the design of the CVT in such way that these driveline vibrations are prevented or reduced. In this thesis, performed at Bosch, new insights are gained on the vibration of the pushpart of the pushbelt by doing frequency measurements and a modal analysis. With these new insights an attempt is made to formulate a model for calculating the frequency of the occurring vibrations. This attempt resulted in finding a direct relation between the frequency response and compression stiffness of the pushpart.


Objective: To observe the clinical effect of comprehensive acupuncture therapy on dyphagia after stroke. Methods: A total of 339 patients with dyphagia after stroke were randomly divided into two groups which were all based on internal routine treatment of TCM and western medicine. The control group( n = 171) was given swallowing rehabilitative training,and the treatment group( n = 168) was given comprehensive acupuncture therapy combined with swallowing rehabilitative training. The patients were treated for 60 days,three times a week,once in other day,14 days for one treatment course. Observe the dyphagia improvement between two groups. The score change of WaTian drinking test and Toshima Ichiro swallow test before and after treatment be-tween two groups were significantly different( P 0. 05). The D- value compared with the baseline changes of WaTian drinking test and Toshima Ichiro swallow test between two groups was significantly different( P 0. 05).Results: The curative rate in treatment group was 54. 7%,and in control group was 43. 9%. The effective rates were 94. 40% and 89. 6% in treatment group and control group. Conclusion: The comprehensive acupuncture therapy can effectively improve the symptom of dyphgia. In addition,the adverse reaction is little and this method deserves the clinical application and popularization.


Student political activism in the United States antedates the Berkeley student revolt of 1964. American stu dents have been involved in political activities almost since the beginnings of higher education in the United States. Student activism in America has, in general, been linked to events in the larger society, and only seldom has been con cerned with the universities. The early political groups were small but provided a political education to many who later became active in intellectual life, the labor movement, and other areas. The student movement of the thirties was con cerned largely with the question of war and peace, although it had a strong undercurrent of radical politics. The im mediate post-World War II period was one of apathy on the campuses, and ended only with the rebirth of the student peace movement and later the civil rights movement in the late 1950's. These groups provided some of the organizational base for the emergence of the New Left in the mid-1960's. Thus, the historical background of student activism in the United States offers a context for the current period of turmoil on American campuses.


In this paper the effect of the Origanum aetheroleum - essential oil on the production growth and health of broiler chickens in conditions of welfare was studied. The animals had a free access to feedstuff and water. The experiment was carried out in 2 cycles on broiler types Ross 308 and Cobb 500. The viability, welfare and the body weight of broiler chickens at the end of each cycle was detected. The breeding was kept in the terms of welfare. The viability in trial groups (fed with feedstuff enriched with Origanum aetheroleum - essential oil was 100% while in the control groups the viability was 98% in first cycle carried out on Ross 308 and 98% in the second cycle carried out on Cobb 500. The average body weight of chickens at the end of the first cycle in control group was 1376.80 g while the average body weight of chickens at the end of the first cycle in trial group was 1767.2 g. The differences between these two groups were highly significant (P0.05). The average body weight of chickens at the end of the second cycle in control group was 1589.6 g while the average body weight of chickens at the end of the second cycle in trial group was 1567.2 g. The difference between these two groups was not significant (P0.05).


The purpose of this study is to describe the Implementation of Population Administration Information System in the Management of Identity Card Services (KTP) at the Population and Civil Registry Office of Kendari City. Data collection is done by in-depth interview techniques, observations, and document studies, while data analysis techniques are done qualitatively and quantitatively. The informant selection technique uses one of the techniques in sampling or determining the informant with consideration or certain criteria (purposive) in the Research Methodology. The results of the study indicate the factors that influence the implementation of policies that contain communication, resources and dispositions run effectively. This can be seen from good communication, technological guidance for resources and a loyal attitude towards a policy. In a no-no situation, the population administration information system is good enough. However, in the context of population registration, it has not run optimally due to inadequate facilities. While in the context of civil registration can also be seen from the work of employees always based on existing rules. Then in the context of information management, it must also be good enough to improve information and also must provide more adequate facilities.


A new spectral decomposition based method is presented here. We propose to use the ridges of the joint timefrequency analysis, as a new way to detect, in each trace, the maximum instantaneous frequencies and their associated amplitudes, which were applied as a tool to detect seismic geomorphologic bodies. The technique was applied to a synthesized wedge model and also to a thin bed offshore turbidite reservoir in Campos Basin, Brazil.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of Ulinastatin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.Methods 80 patients with acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into two groups,with 40 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Ulinastatin,while the control group was treated with octreotide acetate.The clinical effects of two groups were compared.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had higher total effective rate,shorter duration of hospital stays and slighter inflammatory reaction(all P0.05).Conclusions Ulinastatin has significant curative effect in the treatment of acute pancreatitis,which can shorten the duration of hospital stays,and decrease inflammatory reaction.


System of service-replenishment policy design is proposed for seasonal product, respectively in single order and multi cycle replenishment policy. The endeavor of retailer's increasing forecast accuracy and supplier's decreasing replenishment lead time are studied for their influences on the service-replenishment design system. For each single order, the influence from the two endeavours is self-contradictory: the supplier's contribution of lead time decreasing is hurt by lot size reduce from retailer's endeavor of forecast accuracy increasing. But for multi cycle policy of quick response, a self-coordination mechanism driven by the two endeavors exists in the service-policy design system, which can alleviate the contradiction spontaneously like an invisible hand. In this mechanism, the two endeavors increase and stabilize service level, and decrease safety inventory during most period of the season, which means that the system itself can also benefit supplier by lot size increasing and stability, and then, benefit the supply chain as a whole.


In 1999, the US Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) initiated a programme to develop a winter road decision support tool called the Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS). MDSS integrates relevant road weather forecasts, maintenance rules of practice and maintenance resource data to provide road maintenance managers with atmospheric and road weather forecasts, as well as recommending snow ploughing and treatment strategies. The aim is to make the road safe at minimum cost and to reduce the harmful environmental effects of salt and other harsh road chemicals. Currently 41 USA States participate in the program. Version 6.0 of the MDSS software is available from the NCAR MDSS website and is published in open source format and made available to public, private and academic organisations. Four other commercial products derived form the standard NCAR / Federal version are available. A cost benefit ratio study of MDSS was undertaken in the city and county of Denver, Colorado during two winters covering 56 snow events. MDSS provided a significant benefit for 10 of the 56 snow events, giving a US$100,000 cost saving in labour per winter season. MDSS incorporates tailored weather and pavement models which approximate small-scale weather effects on road systems that usually experience highly variable environmental conditions but the effectiveness of this depends on the availability of road weather conditions across the jurisdiction. The development of the Clarus system, designed to ingest data from road weather sensors from many separate transport networks across North America, is described. Expansions of the existing software to include assessment of the seasonal bearing capacity of roads, multi-state coordination and improved information quality is ongoing.


PURPOSE: A display and a displaying method are provided to automatically convert an input units to another and share a USB device connected to a monitor hub and a USB device connected to a PC main body when multiple PCs are connected to one monitor. CONSTITUTION: While an operation result of the first USB system among a plurality of USB systems is being displayed on a display, predetermined menus through which a USB device to be shared is selected and the second USB system to which the selected USB device is selected are provided(301). When the USB device to be shared and the second USB system have been selected(302), a driver of the first USB system corresponding to the shared USB device is disabled(309). Information transmitted from the shared USB device is buffered in the display(311). The buffered information is transmitted to a driver of the second USB system corresponding to the shared USB device(314).


Global asymptotic regulation via output feedback based on a reduced-order observer is considered for a class of nonlinear systems with integral input-to-state stable (iISS) inverse dynamics. The contributions are that: (1) we further consider the conditions on changing supply rates in iISS systems, and discuss the necessity of some conditions by constructing a counter-example; (2) For a more general class of nonlinear systems with iISS inverse dynamics, a reduced-order observer is introduced, and by the combined approach of backstepping and changing iISS supply rates, an output feedback controller is given to drive the output of system to the origin asymptotically and maintain other closed-loop signals bounded.


The paper describes the modeling and analysis of a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV). The present study mainly focuses on the reduction of aerodynamics drag and lift coefficient of a car, which helps to improve the vehicle performance and fuel efficiency. Usually the aerodynamic drag and lift is insignificant at low vehicle speed but the magnitude of air resistance becomes considerable with accelerating the vehicle. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) helps to analyze the flow stream around a SUV. The modeling software is used to design a 3D car model and the flow stream is analyzed by ANSYS Fluent. Initially, the first model was analyzed at various velocity conditions using Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) with standard k-ε model. The basic model of SUV has a drag coefficient and lift coefficient value of 0.62 and 0.099 respectively. Initially the first model is designed by introducing air splitter on roof and based on the results the second model is designed by introducing 15 degree boat tailing angle with first model. The drag reduction is reduced by 6.45% for first model and 19.35% for second model compared to the base model. Similarly, the lift coefficient is reduced by 2.02% for first model and 30.30% for the second model. Moreover the second model produces low drag and lift coefficient than first and base model. A significant reduction is observed in first model when compared to the base model. The vector plots are used to examine the streamline path of both the models.


This paper gives a method for predicting traction coefficients of graphite powder lubricants. The analysis is based on the assumption that unconsolidated powder lubricants behave as elastic solids when compressed to Hertzian pressure levels in rolling contact regions. This assumption is supported by the classic work of P. W. Bridgman who studied the effects of extreme pressure on physical properties of several chemical substances, including graphite. The paper also gives bulk modulus data for graphite powder compressed up to 690 MPa (100,000 psi) and shows how this property can be used to predict the film thickness of graphite powder in Hertzian contact. Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois May 14–19, 1995


A technology for the determination of drug has been developed using FTIR-DAC. More than 30 drugs have been sampled and tested. The minimal detectable quantity were 2×10~(-7)g for the pure drug and 5×10~(-6)g for the drug separated by TLC, e. g. Phenobarbitolum. It is a rapid, sensitive and accurate method to use FTIR-DAC for the drug analysis.


Establishing off-campus practice bases plays an important role in improving students' practice ability,academic building and the enterprises' development,which has drawn attention from the government,businesses and schools.However,there are still many problems.In order to effectively promote the establishment of off-campus practice bases,and play the important role of off-campus practice bases,it is essential to establish long-term mechanism.This paper analyzes the importance,the existing problems and the viable models of off-campus practice bases.A long-term mechanism should include selecting appropriate practice base,establishing sound and effective management institutions,increasing funding,enhancing exchanges and cooperation,focusing on system planning and connotation building.


Minimal invasive catheter-guided interventions play an important role in most hospitals all over the world. During the treatment physicians have to rely on 2D information that is acquired through a fluoroscopic imaging device. In those fluoroscopic images, catheter, bone structures, and (if contrast agent added) blood vessels are visualized in real-time. Those low resolution images can be enhanced by high resolution DSAs where only vessel structures are visible. In difficult interventions these 2D views might not be adequate and it is challenging to navigate the catheter to a region of interest. In this thesis we present a method that allows the physician to use information from a pre-operatively taken 3D CTA scan during the intervention. In the first part we introduce an innovative approach for 2D/3D registration which forms the basis for the second part of the thesis, the development of an estimation procedure to resolve the 3D location of the catheter tip in real-time. This transfers the navigation process to the three-dimensional space and leads to a faster and smoother workflow.


This paper summarises data collected as part of a broader study of facilities at Athletic Park. Three separate surveys were made of rugby fixtures ranging from a mid-week provincial game attended by 1000 spectators to a full-scale international with a crowd of 34,500. The three parts to each survey are described providing counts of the crowd arrival rate, sample interviews seeking data as to trip origin and travel mode, and surveys of the number and location of parked cars. The results describe the arrival patterns, the peak gate inflow rates and the parking distribution. Differences were noted in the size of groups arriving at the provincial and Test games, in the travel mode and in the trip origins. The figures provide a documented account of the traffic and crowd attractions of a large recreation facility.


ABSTRACT.
 Several previous studies have established that the introduction of the American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, produces negative effects on native communities. Herein, the American bullfrog is reported for the first time in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina in the locality of 9 de Julio. The stomach contents of the collected specimens were examined and the reproduction of the species was also confirmed at the study area. A total of 85.7% (n = 30) of the analyzed stomachs contained prey items, and eleven of these were identified. The prey items belonged mostly to coleopterans (50%) and vertebrates (11%). The pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was not found on skin samples examined. The installation of Lithobates catesbeianus breeding facilities contributes to the incidental release of this species. A tightening of rules in the regulation of aquaculture activities and the use of control programs for naturalized populations are necessary to address the increasing dispersion of the species in Argentina and potential ecological problems.


I have been intrigued by 3D imagery since the early video games like Starfox and Doom. In trying to reproduce similar effects, I was surprised to find how simple it can be. Many of the techniques are very straightforward and easily put into action. Others can be more complex and time consuming, but not terribly difficult to create. I was approached to create a low polygon model of the city of Pittsburgh that could be used in an interactive demonstration/exhibit for travelers visiting the city. I was eager to do it but daunted by the scale of the project. Downtown Pittsburgh has more than 400 buildings large and small, hundreds of roads, dozens of bridges and many complex park areas. A large part of the challenge is making all these things with the fewest possible polygons and the smallest textures I can manage due to limitations in processing power. Computers can only handle a certain number of polygons and texture maps in real time as any 3D artist can tell you. I am still in the process of making the model but I have already found many interesting techniques. The process used to create my model is basically like this. I begin with a rough model of the city containing the basic layout, shape, size, etc. of the buildings, roads, terrain and other features. I gather reference photos and begin constructing the final model one object at a time. Different objects require different approaches. Ground areas are made by rendering an overhead view of the rough model to get an accurate image containing the placement of buildings and roads.Then in Adobe Photoshop, I draw in the textures of the concrete, grass, dirt, sidewalks and everything else. This is a time-consuming process. Once the image is done, I alter the shape of the ground, in 3D Studio MAX, from a flat plane to a more accurate contoured surface with hills and valleys. The ground has to be built in many separate pieces because the software cannot process large image maps properly. I've found that the program cannot handle images more than about 3 megs in size. However, it can handle dozens of 2 meg images, so the ground plane must be broken up into correctly sized pieces. Many objects are best modeled using partially transparent materials. The rungs of fences, a bridge's girders and wires, the foliage of a tree and many other objects are most efficiently made with using a few polygons with alpha mapping rather than using many polygons to model their intricate parts. The wires of a suspension bridge can be made with a simple plane and a tiled targa image that is little more than a white line and a thick black area. Targas can also be used to create buildings with shiny windows and dull outer surfaces while at the same time vastly decreasing the file size.A building can be made in two layers. An under layer containing the shiny texture of the windows (which can be a very small image with basic color variation, so that the windows are not all the same color, stretched very far; the pixelation will not be noticed) and an over layer with the building texture and an alpha channel that excludes the windows (this can frequently be a small tiled image; textures use only the memory of one of the images regardless of how many times it is tiled or on how many objects it is used). The two layers are separate objects. The outer layer is a geometrically identical copy of the first object. It has a "push" modifier applied to it that will set it just far enough in


As one of the abundant Carboniferous ptefidosperms, the Neuropterids has once been considered to be the typical element in the Euramerican floras. For a long time, the distribution of plant fossils of this kind in the Euramerican strata was mistaken as a criterion to classify and correlate the Neuropterids-bearing beds in the areas other than the Euramerican continent, which resulted in undeserved mistakes. In recent years, it has been proved from a great mass of materials available in China that the first occurrence of such fos-


T he economy of rural America is undergoing major structural change, impelled by product and process innovation and accelerated by market and political forces in its basic industries. These forces are creating dislocation in rural communities, especially in cases where market flexibility may be impaired by lack of skills, education, or access to capital. They also create opportunities for entrepreneurial activity to identify and develop new sources of employment, income, and wealth. To encourage economic transition, rural America must develop improved access to equity capital and debt finance to support the redirection of existing firms and the development of new firms to better serve local and regional markets and to adapt to the new economic realities faced by the area. The objective of this paper is to suggest ways in which private sector initiative and public sector support may work in combination toward that end.


This paper examines the impact of income risk on the level of well-being of rural households in Nigeria. While income risk is defined as the risks associated with variability in income well-being is defined in terms of the level of utility reached by a given individual. This level is a function of goods and services that the individual consumes. The study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 285 households in Ekiti State, Nigeria.


Convenience is a trigger factor for dependency which in turn will trigger stress. Convenience can be said as a pleasant feeling when someone uses a smartphone. This study aims to determine the factor that influence stress caused by smartphone (technology) which is convenience. Previous researchers called the stress caused by technology is technostress. The technostress in this study is caused by dependency, and dependency is influenced by convenience variable. Data obtained from questionnaires distributed with purposive sampling techniques to undergraduate students at UGM in Yogyakarta. Result of this study shows that convenience have positive and significant effect to dependency and dependency itself have positive and significant effect to technostress. All hypotheses on this research are accepted. Each of hypotheses discussed detailly in this article. Keywords — convenience, dependency, technostress, smartphone


Due to stereotypes and problems beyond their control, persons with disabilities have often been isolated or segregated, and relegated to a second class position in society. Despite some advances in recent years to mainstream disabled persons in all societal activities, patterns of prejudice have not much changed. Disabled persons still face discrimination, restrictions and maltreatment. They encounter architectural barriers, transportation problems, communication barriers and restrictions in other services that can affect jobs and social opportunities (Nagler, 1990). Indeed, various polls show that people with disabilities as a group are socially, economically, vocationally and educationally disadvantaged (Social Legislation, 1990; UN, 1986). As a result of discrimination against disabled persons in education and in the labour market, society receives few benefits from the talents of disabled individuals. Many disabled persons are able to work and live in an independent setting yet, they are often directed to welfare systems rather than to labour markets. As a case in point, in the United States alone, about 170 billion dollars per year are spent to maintain disabled persons, yet 66 percent of the nonworking disabled persons are willing to give up disability benefits for full-time employment (Social Legislation, 1990). The degree of the disability problem in society differs from country to country; however, two things are certain: (1) wars, industrialization, disease, accidents and other emerging social problems make disability an ongoing problem in both developed and developing countries; (2) the lack of comprehensive policies concerning the prevention of disabilities and the rehabilitation of disabled persons means that a greater percentage of disabled persons are resorting to their families and public assistance, and this reliance creates additional burdens on the families and society (UN, 1986).


The article is devoted to the specialized type of crime of theft that is particularly audacious theft, typified in Art. 278a of the Penal Code. The Penal Code of 1997 in its original version did not provide for this type of theft. It was added by way of an amendment to this act in June 2020. The crime was newly introduced to the Penal Code, but not a new one in the Polish criminal law system. It also appeared in the Penal Code of 1969. The considerations will center around the rationalization of the return to this typification. The main part of the article will be devoted to the dogmatic analysis of the features of the crime of particularly audacious theft in the current legal environment. It will be used to assess the quality of this typification. In her deliberations, the author will also consider the historical perspective, comparing the current approach to particularly audacious theft with that adopted in Art. 208 of the Polish Penal Code of 1969, as well as the systemic perspective related theft becoming a wobbler.


Background: The infectious complications during connective tissue diseases are favored by immunosuppression linked on the one hand to systemic disease and on the other hand to their treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the different infectious complications associated with these systemic diseases. Materials and Methods: It was a multicenter descriptive study over a period of 8 months in two Dermatology departments in Dakar. All patients followed for connective tissue disease who had evidence of infection during the study period were included. Results: We identified 231 cases of connective tissue disease. We had noted the occurrence of an infection in 56 cases. Infections were noted during: systemic scleroderma in 19 cases, systemic lupus in 15 cases, mixed connective tissue disease in 12 cases and dermatomyositis in 10 cases. The different types of infection that were observed during these systemic diseases were fungal (41cas), bacterial (34cas), viral (12cas) and parasitic (6cas). Patients developed an infection before taking corticosteroids in 34 cases (36.6%) and after taking corticosteroids in 59 cases (63.4%). Conclusion: Connectivites are a group of autoimmune diseases that are exposed to an infectious risk during their evolution. The search for these infections at the beginning and during the treatment of these system diseases improves their prognosis.


This paper revisits the notion of flexibility of food prices by compiling a novel micro level dataset for India. It shows that food prices in India exhibit varying degrees of price stickiness across product groups. Furthermore, the price setting behaviour broadly matches predictions of sticky price models with menu cost. Model calibration shows that differences in productivity processes, market power and menu costs could account for the differences in price stickiness across product groups. Inflation based on a stickiness re-weighted food price index does not perfectly align with the conventional core measure of inflation (i.e., CPI excluding food and fuel). This highlights why paying attention to the sticky component of food inflation – besides core inflation – is important for the conduct of monetary policy in India. JEL Classification: E31, D40, C23


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It has been suggested that androgens may exert cardiovascular protective actions by regulating the release and function of different vascular factors. In addition, increasing attention is paying to testosterone (TES) and its 5‐reduced metabolites, 5α‐ and 5β‐dihydrotestosterone (5α‐ and 5β‐DHT) to induce vasorelaxation in several vascular beds and hypotensive effects in normotensive conscious rats. Interestingly, 5β‐DHT is the most potent vasorelaxant androgen which is genomically inactive. In view of these data, and the lack of studies analyzing the effects of TES, 5α‐ and 5β‐DHT on the function of mesenteric artery from hypertensive rats, the objective of this study was to investigate whether hypertension alters the androgens‐mediated vasorelaxation, as well as their effects on the contractile response induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS); the vasomotor responses induced by the three major released neurotransmitters: noradrenaline (NA), calcitonine gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and nitric oxide were also analyzed. For this purpose, mesenteric artery segments from male Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR) and its normotensive counterparts, Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats, were used to analyze: (i) the concentration‐vasodilator response curve (0.1 μM – 0.1 mM) to TES, 5α‐ and 5β‐DHT; (ii) the effect of androgens (10 nM, incubated for 30 min) on the contractile response induced by EFS (200 mA; 0.3 ms; 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz), and (iii) the vasoconstrictor‐response curve to NA (1 nM–10 μM), and the vasodilator‐response curve to CGRP (1 pM – 0.1 μM) and to the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1 pM – 10 μM). The results showed that TES induced a similar relaxation in arteries from SHR or WKY rats, while 5β‐DHT‐induced a greater relaxation in arteries from SHR than those of WKY rats. In arteries from WKY rats, androgens did not modify the EFS‐ or NA‐induced contraction nor the CGRP‐induced relaxation, and only 5β‐DHT increased the SNP‐induced relaxation. In arteries from SHR, androgens unaltered the NA‐induced response, while TES and 5β‐DHT increased the SNP‐induced vasodilation in similar extent. The fact that 5β‐DHT increased the CGRP‐induced vasodilation in a greater extent than TES did, might account for the increased EFS‐induced contraction observed in the presence of TES. These results suggest that 5β‐DHT could be a drug with potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of hypertension.