The authors proposed a method for predicting the consequences of oil product release to the surface of the earth when the horizontal pipeline is discharged based on an estimate of the volume of the pipeline discharge. While ensuring the safety of main oil pipelines, it is important to monitor leaks and emissions when pipeline integrity is violated. Before removing the defective area, oil products are discharged from the pipeline to ensure the safety of repair and recovery works. When modern repair and recovery technologies are implemented, one of the most important tasks is to determine the volume of the oil pipeline discharge and the time of repair work. The proposed method has been tested and can be used when estimating the volumes of leaks and discharge of pipelines.


Consortia in the United States and the US National Science Foundation's Engineering Research Centers, which have often emphasized long-range research with considerably less focus on current problems than have consortia in Japan, are reviewed. It is suggested that, in most instances, these US institutions have searched for revolutionary technology advancements and have had difficulty transferring their work to their members. While this type of work supports the development of new technology, it does little to solve current competitiveness problems. Only Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, Inc. (SEMATECH) has assisted its members with continuous improvements, compressing product cycles, establishing relationships with suppliers, and strengthening core competencies while emphasizing work leading to process and produce improvements. SEMATECH's success shows that government can use SEMATECH as a model for the creation of programs where US industry lags behind foreign competitors. >


These are summary results from the 1992-93 Senegal Demographic and Health Survey. The survey covered 3,528 households comprised of 6,310 women aged 15-49, and 1,436 men aged 20 and over. Tabular data are presented on population characteristics, fertility, fertility preferences, contraceptive use, marital and contraceptive status, postpartum variables, infant mortality, disease prevention and treatment, and nutritional status.


Cone Beam CT (CBCT) has allowed for the expansion of the examinations/procedures that can be performed within the interventional radiology suite. Many of these procedures were once only possible within CT, however with the availability of CBCT and needle guidance software within the interventional suite these exams can be brought into the Interventional setting. This has allowed for the improved safety and care of the patients whilst not limiting the
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imaging facilities available to the radiologist. With improved experience, knowledge and confidence in using needle guidance even the most complex cases have the possibility of being performed within the interventional suite.


We present a method that considers the compensation for the modal truncation effect; it is essentially the application of the approach originally developed by Baruch and Bar Itshack, Wei, Baruch, and Berman and Nagy for stiffness matrix modification


This paper describes the performance of a high-speed PtSi infrared charge-coupled device (IRCCD) camera system for recording periodic and transient events in the infrared. Integration times down to 10 microsecond(s) and the ability to record frames based on an external trigger allows this setup to achieve high effective frame rates. The use of a personal computer (PC) as a controller for CCD clocking and video capture results in a flexible camera system design. Examples of the camera system's capacities for short integration time imaging and triggered image capture are presented.


Happiness is the jwels of human character. It isthe window by which a person guess overall quality of other. In happiness saligman describe five element-positive emotion, engagement, Meaning of life, Positive relationship and accomplishment. In western philosophy Thomas hardy says that "Happiness is but an occassional episode in the general drama of pain." But eastern philosophy is differ from the western here happiness is a supernatural power which known as the synonyms of "Aanand". Present study be conduct according to Indian social system. There are four types of happiness spiritual, social, mental and professional. For this study investigator use self constructed happiness scale which has three dimension social happiness, mental happiness and professional happiness. The data collection related to happiness level on the basis of gender and type of Institution 50 male and 50 female, 63 Self Finance and 37 Aided College Teacher Educator are the samples for the present study. The investigator want to level of happiness and draw a comparative sketch between male and female and self finance and Aided college Teacher Educator.


Taiji organization model comes from the theory of Chinese traditional culture about the rule of nature and society, which is designed by applying subtly the simplified materialistic - dialectic ideologies of ancient China such as mutually act of Yin - Yang, mutually growing and conquest of Five Element, combination of heaven and human, etc. to the fabric of organization. Today, human society almost arrives at "the limitation of growth" with the increase of deficiency of resource and intensity of global competition. It will be very helpful to the harmonic growth of organization with changeful environment to review the function of Taiji organization model.


High-voltage transmission lines and the electric field in particular, have environmental effects following exposure. Contact shocks from ungrounded objects are annoying, but concerns have developed mainly on the possible chronic effects of capacitative field coupling to the body. Some of the effects seen in animals could be traced to stress reactions from sensing the electric fields. Research on humans has not been definitive, but concerns about epidemiological effects, interference with cardiac pacemakers, and long-term depression warrant further study to see what effects result from electric and magnetic fields and from the noise, ozone, and air ions caused by corona discharge. (DCK)


AUTHOR Gipps, Caroline; Clarke, Shirley; McCallum, Bet TITLE The Role of Teachers in National Assessment in England. PUB DATE 1998-04-00 NOTE 24p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (San Diego, CA, April 13-17, 1998). PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative (142) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Educational Assessment; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; *National Competency Tests; National Curriculum; Tables (Data); Teacher Attitudes; *Teacher Role; *Teachers; Test Use; Testing Problems IDENTIFIERS *England


This chapter argues that beginning around 5000 BCE, alongside the rise of cities and written language, a new regime of motion came to dominate ontological practice in the West: centrifugal motion. Clearly visible in the Bronze Age (3500 BCE) and culminating in ancient Greece by 500 BCE, a newly powerful kinetic pattern of ontological practice emerged that descriptively and inscriptively relied on a centrifugal movement from the center to the periphery. This is not to say that the dominantly centripetal motions of the Neolithic period disappeared or were sublimated, but rather that they were transformed and taken up by another motion.


The invention relates to a melting method of high aluminum non-magnetic steel, which comprises the following steps: molten iron pre-treatment, combined blowing converter melting, VD refining, LF refining and continuous casting; the main steps are characterized in that: I. combined blowing converter melting: a. the pre-treated molten iron is put into a combined blowing converter; b. argon is fed in the whole process of bottom blowing; c. manganese metal and ferroaluminum are fed in by a feed chute or an elevated hopper in three batches; d. the adding of the manganese metal and the ferroaluminum is carried out in three steps; and then an oxygen lance is lifted, the argon is blown from bottom, the steel is stirred for 5min to 8min and tapped; e. when the steel is tapped, aluminum or other alloy is added into a ladle; II. VD refining procedure: a. slag is removed before the steel enters; b. conditions when the steel arrives: temperature higher than or equal to 1550 DEG C, slag thickness is less than or equal to 50mm and the clean air is more than or equal to 1250mm; c. argon is blown from bottom after 3min of vacuumization; when the procedure is finished, the argon blowing from the bottom of the ladle is stopped, and the air is broken through after the surface of the steel calms down; III. LF refining procedure: a. slag is modified before the steel enters, aluminum powder is added, CaSi wire is fed; b. the tapped components are controlled according to the target finished product. The melting method of high aluminum non-magnetic steel can obviously reduce the melting cost.


The annual dynamic cooling, heat and power loads of an office building using gas-fired combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system in Beijing City are calculated by eQUEST software. An optimized model is constructed using the minimum life cycle cost as the objective function and the optimized operation strategy is discussed. The effects of average net electricity price, gas price and cooling and heating prices on investment return period of CCHP system are analyzed.


Modern industrial products will not content the demand of evolution of society if only with function. Products will be accepted easily if can express users'feeling, not only settle the funcion. After the substantial satisfaction, users turn to psychic satisfaction. Emotion exists in product design is not incidental, but predested by the evolution of society and design, decided by the concept of human-oriented.


This study was designed to determine the phenotype characteristics of Sasak ducks in Lombok Island.  The study used 64 Sasak ducks at production stage which were kept intensively by small holder farmers. Observations on the characteristics of the feather color were carried out directly on each animal. The data observed were feather colors, beak color, and the color of the foot and shank, while the data on the size of the body that was observed were body weight, beak length, neck length, back length, breast circumference, back length, thigh length, shank length, and the distance between the two pubic bones. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The study concluded that the characteristic of the color of feathers in Sasak ducks were dominated by Roman color (50.13%), followed by Tanak color (21.87%), Tongkak color (15.63%), Rombak color (6.25%), and Cemaning color (3.12%).  Sasak ducks with medium size were observed to have a relatively long beak, medium-long neck, short back, broad and deep chest, medium height, and the distance between the two pubic bones was quite wide. These characteristics indicate that Sasak ducks are the type of superior Indian Runner having better production ability compared to the other types of Indian Runner duck.


The calibration of the EFL teaching and learning approaches with Artificial Intelligence can potentially facilitate a smart transformation, fostering a personalized and engaging experience in teaching and learning among the stakeholders. The paper focuses on developing an EFL Big Data Ecosystem that is based on Big Data, Analytics, Machine Learning and cluster domain of EFL teaching and learning contents. The framework has been developed on the basis of the theory that machine learning algorithms, when exposed to structured or semi-structure data stored in the cluster domains of EFL Big Data ecosystem, can cull out the patterns, similarities, and differences existing in the contents of the domains. Later these machine learning algorithms can apply these already identified patterns to perform new tasks on open Big Data platform and identify similar contents to be stored in the respective cluster domain of EFL Bigdata Ecosystem without being supervised. Accordingly, the paper uses two membranes to construe its framework, namely (i) Open Big Data Membrane that stores random data collected from various source domains and (ii) Machine Learning Membrane that stores specially prepared structured and semi-structured data. Theoretically, the structured and semi structured data are to be prepared skill-wise, attribute-wise, method-wise, and preference-wise to accommodate the personalized preferences and diverse teaching and learning needs of different individuals. Within the machine learning membrane, the paper includes a number of stages such as knowledge building, development of cluster domain of the EFL contents, integration of skill-wise cluster domain with the CEFR attribute-wise teaching and learning approaches, machine learning of the personalized preferences, resonating, machine learning of the cluster domain for proximity development and sustainable operation. The ultimate goal is to optimize the learning experience by leveraging machine learning to create tailored content that aligns with the diverse teaching and learning needs of the EFL communities. Developing a prototype following the framework exerts the potentials to provide an 'alternative to methods', transforming the process of learning into a process of acquisition.


Recent advances in crystal growth and surface preparation result in an increased laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of CdSiP2 (CSP) of 1.7 J/cm² at 2.09 µm (1 kHz) and 0.35 J/cm² at 1.064 µm (100 Hz).


This work investigates the surface-barrier photoelectric properties of Au-palladium-n-GaP structures. Research into the visible spectrum region, under the action of both linearly polarized and natural radiation, provides us with new information about the height of the barrier, the interface m-s section, and the GaP band structure. SBs based on GaP (p- and n-type) are helpful for researchers in developing advantageous structures for creating various photovoltaic devices—photodetectors for fiber-optic control of energy systems or possible structures for solar energy. Despite many years of research, issues concerning the band structure of semiconductors based on the phenomenon of photoelectroactive absorption in such surface-barrier structures' m-s remain urgent in the creation of new high-performance devices. Such structures may also be interesting for creating solar energy systems. They create a thin insulating dielectric layer (usually an oxide layer) in solar cells on SBs between the m and the semiconductor substrate. The advantage of solar cells based on m dielectric semiconductor structures is the strong electric field near the surface of the semiconductor that usually has a direction favoring the collection of carriers created by short-wavelength light. Diffusion of impurities usually results in crystal defects in the active region. There are no such defects in the studied elements. This is also the difference between solar cells on m dielectric structures and elements with diffusion in p-n junctions. We studied the PS of Au-Pd-n-GaP nanostructures to determine the height of the potential barrier qφBo and obtained accurate data on the zone structure of the n-GaP. The PS of nanostructured Au-Pd-n-GaP structures was studied in the visible region of the spectrum. Essential information about the semiconductor's potential barrier parameters and band structure was obtained. The intermediate Pd nanolayer between Au and GaP has specific effects on the Au-Pd-n-GaP nanostructure, which are of considerable practical and scientific significance for future needs.


Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is an aggressive extranodal lymphoma of NK‐cell or T‐cell lineage. Its clinical features overlap with those of several sinonasal mass lesions. While the histopathological features are well described, diagnosis is often difficult, owing to presence of extensive coagulative necrosis, so that repeated biopsies may sometimes be necessary for correct diagnosis. Literature on cytological findings of ENKTL is limited.


The invention relates to a responder message reading device and reading method, which conducts remote detection of responder messages in CTCS2 section for railway electric department. The invention includes an integrated antenna, wherein the antenna is connected with the responder actuation and the decoder module, and the responder actuation and the decoder module are respectively connected with the data communication module, the message transmission module and the message-decoding module. The invention has the advantages of novel conception, rational structure and unique mode, realizing the function of remotely detecting the responder messages, adding one link on the information channel formed by the station control center, LEU and the sourced responder, to read and feed back the sourced responder messages to the control center to form a closed loop inspection.


A long-term research on turf cultivation for the lawns on the compost, made on the basis of organic wastes, such as drain treatment facilities sewage sludges and sawdust of coniferous wood, is carried out. It is concluded that introduction of composts usage on the basis of organic waste in landscape construction will promote the decision acceleration of one of the most complicated problems recycling of the given waste kinds when planting of greenery in the cities and other populated areas. It will allow to transform dozens of thousands of tons of sediments and other types of the wastes, which belong to the category of environment contaminants, to nutritious substrates annually, and at the same time some ecological and economic effect will be achieved.


New strategies for cancer treatment demand an understanding of the biology of the malignant phenotype. One crucial factor is an aberrant regulation of cell adhesion during tumour progression. The last decade has shown that integrins are major receptors involved in cell adhesion (Hynes, 1992; Sonnenberg, 1993) and so may be suitable targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study we have characterized antibody blockers of αv-series integrins and reassessed the role of these integrins in melanoma progression. With the exception of erythrocytes, all human cells express one or more integrin heterodimers. Their functions are regulated at many levels, but primarily their ligand specificity depends on which α-chain associates with which β-chain in the heterodimer and on their activation state (Hynes, 1992; Diamond and Springer, 1994). The cellular background in which the integrins operate (Chan and Hemler, 1993) and the splice-variant form of the integrin which is used (Delwel et al., 1993) may also affect specificity. Given these complexities, one of the few reliable indications of integrin specificity is to directly perturb integrin function and analyse resulting cellular behaviour. Thus, reagents that can specifically block integrin function have proved crucial, from the CSAT-antibody, which first defined an integrin β1-chain (Neff et al., 1982), onward. The αv-series integrins are now seen to be a major subfamily, with both classical and novel functions. As well as classically mediating cell attachment and spreading (Pytela et al., 1985; Cheresh, 1991), αv integrins are implicated in cell locomotion (Seftor et al., 1992), in ligand-receptor internalisation (Panetti and McKeown Longo, 1993a,b), as virus coreceptors (Wickham et al., 1993), in management of the extracellular protease cascades (de Boer et al., 1993), and as regulators of tumour progression (Felding-Habermann et al., 1992), angiogenesis (Brooks et al., 1994a) and apoptosis (Brooks et al., 1994b). The specificities of the five known αvseries integrins, αvβ1 (Zhang et al., 1993; Marshall et al., 1995), αvβ3 (Pytela et al., 1985; Cheresh et al., 1987), αvβ5 (Cheresh et al., 1989), αvβ6 (Busk et al., 1992) and αvβ8 (Moyle et al., 1991), have been defined and they exclusively recognise ligands via the tripeptide sequence RGD(NH2arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-COOH), including vitronectin A series of murine m against purified human human melanoma cell identified by ELISA on antibodies bound the α 20A9, 23G5, 14D9.F8 an lar domains of the integ in FACS, immunoprec fixed cells with M21, M the αv-deficient M21-L with GpIIb integrin). One antibody, 17E6, mediated by αv integrin and αvβ1, and strongly ligands vitronectin and ml−1. Furthermore, 17E cell retraction from the substrate, while LM609 (anti-αvβ3) and control antibody 14E2 (anti-200 kDa melanoma surface ld olo to ith ou t a y, t, s ted AD tro im the


Supracrustal rocks of the eastern Great Bear magmatic zone unconformably lie upon rocks of the Hepburn metamorphic-plutonic zone over the entire length of the map area. Rocks of both zones are folded about northerly-trending axes in the region of the Wopmay fault zone. The northerly-trending folds form a central corridor in a regional sigmoidal pattern of folds and reflect local increased shear strain perhaps due to the occurrence of a buried suture. Metasedimentary rocks of the Grant Group lie unconformably on Archean gneisses. At the southern margin of the map area and in the adjoining sheet, the Grant Group and its probable Archean basement are tectonically repeated on a thrust fault. Plutonism within the Great Bear magmatic zone ranges both compositionally and temporally from more intermediate to more siliceous. Les roches supracrustales de la zone magmatique orientale de Great Bear reposent en discordance sur des roches de la zone mktamorpho-plutonique de Hepburn couvrant toute la longueur de la carte. Les deux groupes de roches sont plissks suivant des axes a direction nord duns la rkgion de la zone de failles de Wopmay. Les plis orientks au nord forment un 'corridor central duns une conjiguration sigmoidale rkgionale deplis et reflitent la contrainte accrue localementpar suite, probablement, de l'occurence d 'une ligne structurale principale., Les roches mtftaskdimentaires du groupe de Grant reposent en discordance sur des gneiss archkens. A la rnarge sud de la zone reprksentke par la carte ainsi que sur les feuilles contigub, le groupe de Grant ainsi que son soubassement probablement archLen se re'pktent tectoniquement sur une faille chevauchante. Le plutonisme qui r2gne ci l'intkrieur de la zone magmarique de Great Bear varie a la fois sur le plan de la composition et sur le plan temporel, allant d'un caract2re plus intermtfdiaire 2 plus siliceun. ' Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 66130, USA INTRODUCTION metres of sillimanite-garnet-biotite schist (Fig. 3). The secThis paper summarizes field work within the Calder River (86F) map area completed during the summer of 1987. The map area encompasses parts of three tectonic zones of Wopmay orogen, from east to west: Hepburn plutonicmetamorphic zone, Wopmay fault zone, and Great Bear magmatic zone. Work done previous to the current project within the area was of a reconnaissance nature and is listed in Hildebrand et al. (1987a).


Particulate (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by the cold water corals Lophelia pertusa (L.) and Madrepora oculata (L.) was collected, analysed and quantitatively compared to that released by warm water reef-building corals. Particulate nitrogen (PN) and partic- ulate organic carbon (POC) release rates of L. pertusa were 0.14 ± 0.07 mg N m -2 h -1 and 1.43 ± 1.22 mg C m -2 h -1 , respectively, which is in the lower range of POM release rates measured for warm water corals, while dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release was 47 ± 19 mg C m -2 h -1 . The resulting high DOC:POC ratio indicates that most cold water coral-derived organic matter immediately dis- solved in the water column. Cold water corals, similar to their warm water counterparts, produced large amounts of nitrogen-rich coral mucus with C:N ratios of 5 to 7 for Lophelia- and 7 to 9 for Madrepora-derived mucus. A 7-fold increase in the oxygen consumption rates in cold water coral mucus-amended seawater containing the natural microbial assemblage indicates that this organic matter provided an attractive food source for pelagic microbes. In situ investigations at Rost Reef, Norway, showed that microbial activity in the seawater closest to the reef was 10 times higher than in the overlying water column. This suggests that cold water corals can stimulate microbial activity in the direct reef vicinity by the release of easily degradable and nutrient-rich organic matter, which may thereby function as a vector for carbon and nutrient cycling via the microbial loop in cold water coral reef systems.


Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of the osteoclastic bone resorption that is associated with skeletal metastases, with proved efficacy in reducing skeletal complications in metastatic cancer. Randomised clinical trials investigating the adjuvant use of bisphosphonates to prevent bone metastases in patients with breast cancer have yielded intriguing yet conflicting results. Defining the potential role of these agents in the treatment of breast cancer is of great clinical relevance.

The skeleton is the first site of recurrence in 25-40% of patients with metastatic breast cancer. The development of bone metastases entails complex interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment of bones. In the early establishment of metastases, bone is destroyed by the osteoclast, which is activated by a variety of cytokines produced directly or indirectly by the tumour cell. As bone matrix is broken down, a rich supply of mitogenic factors is released, which in turn can lead to increased proliferation of cancer cells.

Bisphosphonates are effective in treating conditions in which excessive bone resorption and osteoclast activity prevail, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. Several randomised clinical trials in patients with breast cancer with bone metastases have shown the ability of bisphosphonates to reduce skeletal related events and symptoms, including pathological fractures, surgery, radiation, compression of the spinal cord, hypercalcaemia, and pain, although they …


Philosophical problems about the meaning of language and the meaning of life turn out to have interesting commonalities. Neither has plausible solutions that draw on supernatural entities such as abstract meanings, possible worlds, and divine plans. Rather, both can be approached by looking at mechanisms at four different levels: molecular, neural, mental, and social. Meaning is not a thing but a process that depends on interactions of parts occurring at multiple levels, resulting in multilevel emergence. The Semantic Pointer Architecture illuminates the neural mechanisms that operate in languages and valuable lives. Words are meaningful because their mental representations as concepts are brain processes that combine sensory-motor interactions with the world and interactions with other concepts. The meaning of life is also three-dimensional, requiring people to interact with language, the world, and other people.


The 1997 Amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, Public Law 105-17) align special educa tion policies with standards-based re forms (see box, "What Are Content and Performance Standards?"). The amend ments have several new provisions in four major areas: individualized educa tion programs (lEPs), state performance goals, student assessments, and funding. Let's look at these and other areas.


In the course of studies on the oral use of sulfadiazine against bacterial complications of illnesses of the respiratory tract,1data were obtained on some of the limitations of continuous administration of sulfonamide compounds.2Although there were no serious toxic effects, prolonged use of the drug led to the dissemination of drug-resistant bacteria3and had little demonstrable prophylactic value under the conditions prevailing during the study.2aThe negative clinical findings were not unexpected because of the highly selective bacteriostatic action of sulfonamide compounds. In time, additional clinical data on the continuous application of sulfadiazine became available in connection with various phases of the problem. Since all the clinical data obtained were comparable, they have been collected and are presented at this time because of the renewed interest in chemoprophylaxis following numerous reports on its value to persons exposed to infections of the respiratory tract4or


In today, fast-paced and ever-changed business environment, strategic alliance have become one of most important business forms. The purpose of this study is provide the effect of strategic alliance on alliance performance, recontract intention. Also to find out practical alliance performance and performance measurement. To investigate the purpose of this study, questionnaire was made with 188 department store restaurant managers for the practical verification. SPSS was used to factor analysis, logistic regression analysis were used as analysis methods. The results of this study, among the alliance performance, only financial performance influence on recontract intention. The results show some suggest that alliance operated effectively on non financial performance as improving brand image and service quality, securing customers. This will enable the restaurant to perform as a prototype unit of restaurants. Although non financial performance was significant advantages of the strategic alliance with department stores, the positive financial performance will determine successful recontract.


Seven novel divalent transition metal chelate polymer complexes commonly known as coordination polymers or chelate polymers or coordination complexes such as [Mn (pbpmpc) (H2O)2]n (1), {[Co(pbpmpc) (H2O)2] 4H2O}n (2), {[Ni (pbpmpc) (H2O)2] 2H2O}n (3), {[Cu (pbpmpc) (H2O)2] 1H2O}n (4), {[Zn (pbpmpc)]}n (5), {[Cd (pbpmpc)]}n (6) and {[Hg (pbpmpc)] 1H2O}n (7) were synthesized under an aprotic solvent with phthaloyl bis (paramethoxyphenylcarbamide) (pbpmpc) as a polydentate ligand. The authenticities of these chelate polymers were characterized by elemental analyses: diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analyses and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. SEM and XRD investigations significantly revealed a distinct morphology behavior of ligand and chelate polymers. The infrared spectroscopy supports the interaction of nitrogen and oxygen atoms of a polydentate ligand with a metal ion, while diffuse reflectance study is a powerful technique that suggests an octahedral geometry for all the chelate polymers except zinc, cadmium and mercury ions, which were further supported by other instrumental techniques. The decomposition steps and thermal stabilities of these chelate polymers were studied by thermal analysis techniques. The thermal stabilities of chelate polymers were identified on the basis of release of coordinated water and decomposition of backbone structure (ligand).


On the basis of the investigation on rural human settlements condition in central China,the problems in rural human settlements in central China were found out.Measures for improving the rural human settlements were put forward.


We have computed $ B_K $ with staggered fermions, using two different methods: both in the one spin trace form and two spin trace form. Renormalized results in both forms are in good agreement. The numerical simulations were performed on a $ 16^3 \times 40 $ lattice in full QCD with $ \beta = 5.7 $. We also tried an improved wall source method in order to select only the pseudo-Goldstone bosons and compare the numerical results obtained with those from the conventional wall source method. We have studied $ B_K $ with a series of non-degenerate quark anti-quark pairs and saw no effect on $ B_K $, although dramatic effects in the chiral limit were seen on the individual terms making up $ B_K $.


Recent guidelines have recommended the use of high-dose proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce the risk for rebleeding in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers and endoscopic stigmata for rebleeding. Some data suggest that low-dose PPI therapy might also reduce rebleeding in such patients (JW Gastroenterol Feb 20 2009). However, whether high-dose PPI therapy is superior to low-dose PPI therapy is unknown.

To address …


Objectives To estimate the proportion and number of annual incident female breast cancer cases in Canada attributed to shift work, a probable carcinogen. Methods Levin's equation, which contains exposure and relative risk (RR) parameters, was used to calculate an attributable fraction (AF) range. The proportion of Canadian women who ever worked night or rotating shifts between 1961 and 2001 was retrospectively assessed based on data from the 1996 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. Low and high RR values, selected from a comprehensive review and quality assessment of recently published meta-analyses, were used to represent the probable association between shift work and breast cancer risk. The AF range calculated from these data were applied to 2011 Canadian breast cancer incidence statistics to obtain the number of attributable cases. Results Approximately 11%, or 1.5 million, Canadian women ever worked night or rotating shifts during 1961–2001. Combined with low and high RR values of 1.15 and 1.40 from a high-quality meta-analysis published in 2013, the AF for breast cancer ranged from 2.04% to 5.23%. This corresponds to an estimated 460–1180 newly diagnosed breast cancers each year in Canada probably due to shift work. A large number, approximately 200–510, of these cancers occur among women in the health care and social assistance sector. Conclusions The burden of occupational breast cancer in Canada could be substantial, reflecting the high prevalence of shift work and incidence of breast cancer. Although more research is needed on unravelling this probable association, preventive approaches should be widely considered.


By adopting the methods of documentary analysis,questionnaire investigation and mathematical statistics,makes the investigation and analysis on the sport lifestyle of 4 000-plus students who are in different age and sex,as well as come from middle school and primary school of different region in Liaoning Province.Results show:adolescent sport lifestyle of Liaoning Province is composed of 9 factors;the development level of adolescent sport lifestyle of Liaoning Province is low;many factors make adolescent not take part in sports well,firstly are their study tasks are heavy and have no time;secondly are their interests,will and lazy idea.Aiming at the existing problems puts forward four cultivation strategies.


In the article tax modeling for the agricultural enterprises with application of a special mode of the taxation the uniform agricultural tax and application of the general system of the taxation is considered.


We experimentally investigate the phase squeezing properties of a phase-sensitive parametric amplifier by measuring the input and output signal phase with a coherent receiver. The reduction in phase variation is found to be proportional to the PSA gain.


Economic crime at the regional level is a versatile category that is dangerous for the population of the region and negative from the point of view of society, characterized by the existing regional social conditions.
The danger of manifestations of economic crime consists both in the consequence in the form of significant material damage to the population of the region, and in the destabilization of the regional economy as a whole. Parallel shadow operations with an illegal orientation are emerging and progressing in the regional society, which, given the current trend, can direct all the resources available in the region to their development.


The present invention provides a polishing liquid composition comprising nonionic surfactant, the nonionic surfactant is represented by the following formula (1): wherein x is 1 R- (OCH2CH2) x-OH of Formula (1) an integer of 50.


CBFβ and RUNX1 form a DNA-binding heterodimer that plays a crucial role during definitive hematopoiesis at the stage of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Both of them are targets of recurrent chromosomal translocations in human leukemia. In mammals and zebrafish, RUNX1 is required for the emergence of definitive HSCs from the hemogenic endothelium. Mouse knockouts for either Runx1 or Cbfb show similar phenotypes with complete lack of definitive hematopoiesis. Therefore, the impairment of all definitive hematopoietic lineages in both Runx1 -/- and Cbfb -/- embryos suggested that the CBF heterodimer is required for HSC formation. However the exact role of the CBF complex in the development of HSCs remains unclear.

The cellular mechanisms and the genetic pathways driving the HSC generation are highly conserved across vertebrates. Thus, we used the zebrafish model to dissect the role of cbfb and the CBF complex in the emergence and the maintenance of HSCs.

We generated two independent cbfb knockouts ( cbfb -/- ) by zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) - mediated targeted mutagenesis. The analysis of cbfb -/- embryos revealed a previously unknown role of cbfb during definitive hematopoiesis. Similar to the published zebrafish runx1 mutant embryos ( runx1 W84X/W84X ), cbfb -/- embryos underwent primitive hematopoiesis and developed erythromyeloid progenitors (EMPs), but they lacked definitive hematopoiesis as the expression of markers for differentiated blood lineages such as rag1 , lplastin and αe1globin was completely abrogated. Moreover, circulating thrombocytes were almost undetectable in cbfb -/- /tg( cd41 :GFP) embryos. Unlike the runx1 mutants in which HSCs are not formed, however, the emergence of runx1 + /c-myb + HSCs from the hemogenic endothelium along the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta was unaffected in the cbfb -/- mutants. Rather, the subsequent translocation of the HSCs from aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) to the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) was blocked, as evidenced by the accumulation of runx1 + HSCs in the AGM and the concomitant absence of such cells in the CHT. Live imaging analysis of cbfb -/- /tg( c-myb :eGFP) embryos confirmed that HSCs egressed from the dorsal aorta but did not enter circulation through the axial vein. Moreover, embryos treated with a specific inhibitor of RUNX1-CBFβ interaction, Ro5-3335, phenocopied the hematopoietic defects observed in the cbfb -/- mutants, confirming that the function of RUNX1 and CBFβ during HSC development could be uncoupled.

The Notch-Runx1 pathway is critical for the initial specification of HSCs during definitive hematopoiesis. Therefore, in order to gain insight into the genetic mechanisms that regulate cbfb expression we investigated the Notch pathway. We found that transient Notch activation enhanced cbfb expression and expanded it ectopically. On the other hand, in the Notch signaling mutant mind bomb , cbfb expression in hematopoietic regions was abrogated. Thus, our results suggest that cbfb is also downstream of the Notch pathway during hematopoiesis.

Overall our data indicate that CBFβ and functional CBFβ-RUNX1 heterodimers are not required for the emergence of HSCs, but are essential for the mobilization of HSCs during early definitive hematopoiesis.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


To the Editor: In Case 3–1987 (diagnosis: syringomyelia) (Jan. 15 issue),1 the otherwise erudite discussion by Dr. Michael Bresnan was marred by two errors that may have contributed to improper neurologic localization. He attributed decreased pinprick sensation in the right trigeminal distribution to involvement of the spinal nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve on the left, and right deviation of the tongue to involvement of the left hypoglossal nerve. The anatomy of the trigeminal and hypoglossal systems is a tricky business. Unipolar neurons subserving facial pinprick sensation are in the trigeminal ganglia. These descend in the spinal tract to synapse . . .


Based on the premise that easy access to emergency contraception (EC) would make it possible for adolescents to avoid abortion, nearly 20 years ago France implemented an exception-to-the-rule policy, granting minors free and easy access to this "day-after" medication. Two products were marketed with this indication: levonorgestrel (LNG), 1 tablet of 1.5mg, and ulipristal acetate, 1 tablet of 30mg. The package leaflets for the former recommend exceptional usage and for the latter, occasional usage. After describing the context, we will discuss the impact of this decision .


This leaflet addresses architects, expert planners, and experts for planning and/or inspection of structural fire protection, shortly: anyone developing fire protection concepts, specialist planning for fire protection engineering, and specialist planning for installation and design of fire detection and fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing systems. The aim is to ensure an optimum interaction of FDAS and FES as early as in the planning stage. The leaflet does neither cover legal requirements, applicable technical standards, nor does it replace system-related documentation by the corresponding system manufacturer required to establish a planning that satisfies the requirements laid down in the law on contracts for work and services and in the liability law.


The objective was to determine the effects of different drying methods on nutrient utilization of black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larva meals using in vitro assays. Two-step and 3-step in vitro assays were employed to simulate the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Four methods were used to obtain BSF larva meal sources: 1) microwave-drying for 32 min, 2) hot-air drying at 60°C for 17 h, 3) water blanching for 5 min and hot-air drying for 17 h, and 4) 2% citric acid solution blanching for 5 min and hot-air drying for 17 h. After the drying process, each BSF larva was defatted and ground to obtain BSF larva meals. The crude protein (CP) concentration in the test ingredients ranged from 54.7 to 60.4% on dry matter (DM) basis and ether extract ranged from 7.1 to 11.8% DM. Hot-air-dried BSF larva meal had greater in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of CP compared with microwave-dried BSF larva meal (86.7% vs. 84.4%; P < 0.05). However, blanching BSF larva in water or 2% citric acid solution before hot-air drying resulted in less IVID of CP (81.3 or 82.5%; P < 0.05) compared with microwave-dried or hot-air-dried BSF larva meal. Blanching BSF larva in water or 2% citric acid solution before hot-air drying resulted in less in vitro total tract disappearance of DM (85.0% or 84.5% vs. 90.4% or 89.6%; SEM = 0.3, P < 0.05) and OM (80.6% or 81.5% vs. 85.7% or 86.6%; SEM = 0.1, P < 0.05) compared with microwave-dried or hot-air-dried BSF larva meal. In conclusion, hot-air-dried BSF larva meal had greater nutrient utilization compared with microwave-dried BSF larva meal. However, blanching BSF larva in water or citric acid solution negatively affected nutrient digestibility based on in vitro assays.


15 years later, Phoebe is in love with Sam, a practical, sensible man who doesn't fear the dark and doesn't have bad dreams --who, in fact, helps Phoebe ignore her own. But suddenly the couple is faced with a series of eerie, unexplained occurrences that challenge Sam's hardheaded, realistic view of the world. As they question their reality, a terrible promise Sam made years ago is revealed --a promise that could destroy them all.


Introduction: community-acquired pneumonia is a frequent illness at pediatric ages, and if uncomplicated, it can be treated with penicillin or derivatives on an ambulatory basis. Objectives: to characterize the community-acquired pneumonia according to clinical, demographic and imaging aspects, as well as the response to antibiotic therapy with outpatient follow-up in a secondary health care service. Methods: prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of 160 children suffering uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia, who were treated with intramuscularly administered penicillin or with oral antibiotics, and followed-up as outpatients until discharge. Results: community-acquired pneumonia was more frequent in children aged one to four years, who presented with fever and cough in 100 % and rales in over 80 % of cases, respectively. Inflammatory lesions were found in basal areas of the lungs, mainly in the right lung in more than half of cases. Living with smoking persons were the most identified risk factor (62.5 %). The therapeutic response to treatment was positive in all the children, with the first treatment scheme used. Conclusions: penicillin remains the treatment of choice in children having uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia. Emphasis is made on the feasibility of outpatient follow-up in these patients.


The authors propose a nonlinear control mechanism to reduce flame instabilities. An instability associated with the formation of cellular flames is known to occur when the mass diffusivity of the deficient reactant in a combustible mixture is sufficiently larger than the heat diffusivity of the mixture. The transition from the smooth front to the cellular structure can be analyzed by deriving an evolution equation for flame front disturbances. This nonlinear equation depends on the position R of the flame, which is a function of time controlled by the underlying prescribed flow. The authors consider both linear and time-periodic functions R(t) and show that the transition to cellular structures may be either considerably delayed or eliminated.


The sermons preached at the Three Choirs Festival during the eighteenth century provide a useful insight into the attitudes of those clergy in the Church of England who were high profile advocates for the use of choral and instrumental music in public worship, particularly in cathedrals.


In order to improve the electrocatalystic performance of MnO2, catalyst was prepared from the carbon black impregnated with Mn(NO3)2 and Pb(CH3COO)2,and heated at 290 ℃. The gas diffusion electrode was obtained by cold-pressing. Electrochemical performances of the electrodes were studied by current-potential polarization curves. The result showed adding 7.5% content of Pb(CH3COO)2 can gain optimal performance, the polarization is the smallest,at the typical current density 20-50 mA/cm2 of air-metal battery, air electrode potential can be improved by 30-50 mV. AC impedance properties of air electrode adding Pb(CH3COO)2 were invistigated. The impedance spectra were analyzed using an equivalent circuit containing two Nerstain diffusion terms, the simulated data were also discussed. The Pb(CH3COO)2 addtives can decrease the charge transfer resistance and oxygen diffusion resistance.


Full-duplex (FD) has emerged as a disruptive solution for improving the achievable spectral efficiency (SE), thanks to the recent major breakthroughs in self-interference (SI) mitigation. The FD versus half-duplex (HD) SE gain, in the context of cellular networks, is however largely limited by the mutual interference (MI) between the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL). A potential remedy for tackling the MI bottleneck is through cooperative communications. This paper provides a stochastic analysis of FD enabled cloud radio access network (CRAN) with finite user- centric cooperative clusters. Contrary to the most existing theoretical studies of C-RAN, we explicitly take into consideration non-isotropic fading channel conditions, and finite-capacity fronthaul links. Accordingly, we develop analytical expressions for the FD C-RAN DL and UL SEs. The results indicate that significant FD versus HD C-RAN SE gains can be achieved, particularly in the presence of sufficient- capacity fronthaul links and advanced interference cancellation capabilities.


We welcome the strong support for these proposals. We believe that it is right to harmonise the definition of indirect discrimination to refer to an apparently neutral "provision, criterion or practice" which puts or would put people of the claimant's group at a particular disadvantage. We believe the concept of "a particular disadvantage" entails a more flexible test than hitherto. It opens up the possibility of expert evidence or witness evidence being used rather than detailed statistical analysis to show particular disadvantage to a particular group of people. This is important for strands such as sexual orientation and religion or belief, where reliable statistics are not available, and where there are issues of privacy involved in gathering data which might provide statistics. 3


Zika virus infection is caused by Zika virus which was first isolated in Zika forest of Uganda in 1947 in Rhesus monkey. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, the infamous mosquito, which also transmits infections like Dengue and Chikungunya. Although Zika virus infection has not been reported in India so far, but given the widespread presence of Aedes mosquito in India along with a huge volume of international travel, the Zika virus infection does have the potential of further spread. Although Zika virus infection is asymptomatic in 80% cases but its association with microcephaly and Gullian Barre syndrome has created a sort of panic in people residing in South American continent. On 1 st February World Health Organization declared Zika virus infection to be a public health emergency of international concern.


Writing skill is one of the four language skills in learning English language in EFL setting. The role of self-esteem in learning second language as is one of the major important factors is very vital; because, success or failure of a learner depends mostly on the degree of ones' self-esteem. This research aimed at investigating the correlation between self-esteem and English writing achievement of Iranian EFL learners. The Iranian learners who participated in this research were sixty male and twenty female students from two English Language Institutes in Borazjan city in Bushehr State. The outcome of this research showed that the students' writing achievement was significantly affected by their self-esteem; that is, self-esteem as a psychological factor had a positive relationship with students' English writing. There was a significant correlation between self-esteem and English writing achievement.


79 Received 27 May 2016, Revised 15 June 2016, Accepted 17 June 2016 Correspondence: Sung Kyu Kim (email@example.com) Tel: 82-53-620-3373, Fax: 82-53-624-3599 cc This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Dose Attenuation according to the Gantry Angle and the Photon Energy Using the Standard Exact Couch and the 6D Robotic Couch


As regional climate evolves into new climatic states in different parts of the world, humanity will be facing increasing issues associated with migration environment and health concerns. Challenges of major hazards and impacts on human societies, involving water resources, agriculture, economy and energy issues are central issues. This paper examines the generalization of Tiebouti¯s model in our understanding of the forced environmental migration of the Great Planes farmers to California during the Dust Bowl period in 1931-1939. The paper considers the issues of public health that arose from this migration after the arrival and settlement of the Okies in California. Settlement of the migrants in California was more bitter than the migration itself, prompting John Steinbeck to write his award winning novel of the journey in the i°Grapes of Wrath.i± Among many health risks in their new environment a relatively unappreciated and unpublicized airborne fungus causing Valley fever when inhaled emerged. Valley fever was, and is today, highly endemic in Californiai¯s San Joaquin Valley where many of the Okies remained, staying for employment in agriculture and working the fertile soil that harbored the fungus. The vast majority of migrants into the San Joaquin Valley had been infected, but we know today that most who were, did not report it. A very high percentage of migrants did become infected when a few statistics emerged, such as 25% of the population of one migrant camp were diagnosed with the disease. Many migrants fought the disease only to die later in the 1940s and 1950s. The destiny of the migrants was not exposed in books or mass media until the early 1960s. Many migrants escaped infection when they left the fields for employment in the factories and manufacturing supporting the World War II effort. Other reasons for this historical silence were the Great Depression, those who went to war, the Cold War era, and the Californian farmers themselves who kept the infection secret. The second generation migrants or the i°survivorsi± from Valley fever infection exposed the destiny of their parents in the Californian farms in the mass media in the early 1960s and later on Internet webpages and blogs in the 1980s. We examine the general implications and lessons learned from these historical cases.


We present an improved FTIR spectrometer using a novel MOEMS actuator and discuss in detail the properties of the MOEMS component and the resulting FT-IR sensor device. Spectral resolution and the spectral range allow making use of the inherent multi-analyte detection capabilities giving the spectroscopy platform an advantage over singlewavelength IR sensors. With its further miniaturization potential due to its MOEMS core, this compact, energy efficient and robust spectrometer can thus act as transducer for portable and ultra-lightweight spectroscopic IR sensors, e.g. all purpose hazardous vapor sensors, sensors for spaceborne and Micro-UAV based IR analysis, and many more.


Introduction to the Concise Guides series. Preface to the fourth edition. Introduction. Evaluation and treatment planning. Axis I disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence: attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders. Other Axis I disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. "Adult" disorders that may begin in childhood or adolescence. Developmental disorders. Special clinical circumstances. Psychopharmacology. Psychosocial treatments. Appendix: resources for parents. Index.


Anchorage, Alaska, was strongly shaken on 30 November 2018 by an MW 7.1 earthquake that ruptured within the underthrust Pacific plate at depths of from 45 to 65 km. Ground failures occurred in saturated lowlands filled with sediments, producing notable road damage, but there was limited structural damage in Anchorage, only ~12 km south of the epicenter. The earthquake has a normal faulting geometry with a shallowly dipping east‐west tension axis indicating intraslab deformation, likely between the underthrust Yakutat terrane and adjacent Pacific seafloor. Separate and joint inversions of teleseismic P and SH waves, regional strong ground motions, and GPS static displacements provide a weak preference for a westward steeply dipping rupture plane with up to 2 m of slip distributed over a single slip patch with dimensions of 20 × 20 km. The ~12 s long rupture expanded northward. Aftershocks occur at shallower depths than the mainshock slip zone.


Currently, lots of accident has been occurring either in metropolitan or in rural areas. These accidents would threaten or more drastically could take the lives of our loved ones. This would significantly increase the death rate in our country and in other countries. But, there is still a remedy to solve this scenario whereby the accidents would be notified to both emergency departments as well as our family in nick of time. At that moment, the Accident Notifier with Smart Embedded System will be introduced and becomes handy. This system is mainly designed and focused to prevent the increase in death rate in our country. The user is able to key in their favourite mobile numbers into the LCD display by using the 4×4 keypad provided. Then, the LCD would display "System Activated" to inform that the system is ready to be used. The system is also been attached with real life crash sensors, GPS and GSM. Once the impact has been sensed by one of the crash sensor, the system would automatically deliver series of SMS"s to the predefined numbers key in earlier by the user. The SMS received by a recipient consist of name of the driver, car number plat, number of passengers, and most importantly GPS location. These SMS"s would be very helpful for the emergency rescue team to locate the place of incident in short period of time. Hence, with the introduction of this product, many innocent lives could be saved as well as drivers will no longer feel insecure and hapless when using in the road.


The problem of accurately locating the origin of contaminant particles from noisy measurements obtained from a finite number of fixed sensors is treated here. The main methodology used here is particle filtering techniques in conjunction with model reduction. The physical system considered here consists of contaminant particles originating from an unknown location in a confined space, which are being carried away by the airflow inside a room. The path of the particles is influenced by both air flow inside the room as well as the inherent random movement of the particles. Concentration of the particles at each sensor is measured at discrete time instances. These measurements are inaccurate due to additive random noise and would be processed under a particle filter algorithm to estimate the origin of contaminant particles. Particle filters in nature involve heavy computational cost and it is shown that it can be greatly reduced by executing the algorithm in multi stages, modifying the importance weights formula, generating initial points using observations and reducing the dimensionality of the mathematical model. Extensive simulation experiments are carried out to show the effectiveness of particle filters in calculating the origin of contaminant.


Addressing poverty is one of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. Alleviating relative poverty by stimulating the endogenous motivation of poor people to improve their ability for self-proliferation and diffusion is the focus of attention worldwide. China, as the world's most populous country, has already left absolute poverty, and the vast rural areas are facing the challenge of managing relative poverty. We use the Delphi method to select three representative cases from the typical cases of rural entrepreneurship published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and describe the diffusion process and poverty reduction effect of returning farmers' 'entrepreneurship' through the whole process analysis method. We found that the entrepreneurship diffusion model based on returning farmers has a bright future and great potential to improve rural poverty. Using family and local ties and the internet, returning farmers can effectively spread their entrepreneurial experience to other poor households, lowering their entrepreneurial risks and barriers, and thus collectively bringing more farmers out of poverty. The entrepreneurship diffusion of returning farmers can increase farmers' income, promote the employment and entrepreneurship of poor households and improve the rural ecological environment, thus alleviating the multidimensional poverty of farmers in economic, social and ecological aspects. This provides an experience and reference for developing countries to solve the problems of poverty, especially poverty governance in rural areas. It is worth noting that implementing the diffusion of entrepreneurship among returning farmers requires the support of appropriate policies and the active participation of local governments.


To the structural characteristics,earthquake characteristics of the masonry building with frame-shear wall at first floor,combined with "the antidetonation design specification of the building",this paper has proposed some main design points from four respects.


Concern about the potential for indoor air pollution has prompted recent surveys of radon and NO/sub 2/ concentrations in homes and personal exposure studies of volatile organics, carbon monoxide and pesticides, to name a few. The statistical problems in designing sample surveys that measure the physical environment are diverse and more complicated than those encountered in traditional surveys of human attitudes and attributes. This paper addresses issues encountered when designing indoor air quality (IAQ) studies. General statistical concepts related to target population definition, frame creation, and sample selection for area household surveys and telephone surveys are presented. The implications of different measurement approaches are discussed, and response rate considerations are described.


The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of enterococci and coliform bacteria isolated from sheep and cows cheese from commercial farms. Susceptibilities of isolated enterococci and coliform bacteria were tested using the disk diffusion method. The bacteria were tested on antibiotics enrofloxacin, sulphonamides, tetracycline and streptomycin. All isolates of Enterococcus strains were resistant of all used antibiotics. The similar results were detected of coliform bacteria on tested antibiotics.


By use of analysis software ANSYS,this paper simulated the magnetic density and the magnetic intensity of several tegular permanent magnet,acquired reasonable magnetic pole arrangement and reasonable magnetic circuit.The force and trajectory of charged particle in magnetic field were analyzed.The conclusion is that a reasonable magnetic circuit with four tegular permanent magnet equispaced circularly can be acquired;Charged particle is moving with trails of helix under the Lorentz force.


An analysis is carried out to determine radial temperature distributions in the cylindrical positive column of a glow discharge formed in air in free space without confining walls. The analysis considers discharge with current densities lower than 100 mA/cm2 and at gas pressures of several tens of Torr. The plasma is represented by a set of hydrodynamic equations that include the balances for electron number density, translational energy, and the vibrational energy. The equations are solved using an iterative method to obtain gas temperatures for a range of plasma conditions. The results show that increasing discharge current densities lead to higher gas temperatures on plasma axis, however, unlike in the case with glow discharge restricted by dielectric walls, increased current densities also lead to wider radial profiles of temperature. Increased gas pressure, while leading to higher on-axis gas temperatures, results in narrower temperature profiles, mainly due to the reduced diffusion rates and vibrati...


William Dunlap thus records his impression of Anne Brunton's Covent Garden debut as Horatia in The Roman Father, October 17, 1785. Until less than a year before her London debut this young woman had never stepped before an audience. Her mercurial rise from the Theatre Royal, Bath, to London did not prepare her to displace or challenge Mrs. Sarah Siddons, reigning queen of the London stage. It did, however, launch Anne Brunton on a successful Covent Garden engagement, preparing her for a career in the United States between 1796 and 1808.


Digital media triage is a main challenge that faces a digital investigator. Knowing what might be useful during crime investigation could greatly save the investigator's time and enhance outcomes. Memory investigation can get potential benefit from the triage process because of its scattered and diverse contents. The Operating System's paging scheme might map the contents of a file into non-consecutive page frames in the physical memory, making the file-type classification and identification process harder. This paper tackles the memory content triage problem at the page level using a machine-learning methodology.


This thesis discusses construction experience of the municipal drainpipe engineering,proposes effective technological measures for controlling construction quality of municipal drainpipes,and specifically describes construction points of critical construction procedure and matter needing attention,which has certain guiding meaning for future similar municipal drainpipe engineering.


One of the major problems associated with direct field-oriented control of induction motors is the sensitivity of the observer to variation of motor parameters. Various types of observer have been proposed but no complete study of sensitivities has been carried out. An analysis of the sensitivity of one class of observer, against the motor parameter variations, is presented. From the results of the analysis, a suitable observer is chosen and implemented as a part of a complete direct field-oriented control system. The results of the implementation are also presented. >


We study the classical capacity of a forgetful quantum memory channel that switches between two qubit depolarizing channels according to an ergodic Markov chain. The capacity of this quantum memory channel depends on the parameters of the two depolarizing channels and the memory of the ergodic Markov chain. When the number of input qubit's is two, we show that depending on channel parameters either the maximally entangled input states or product input states achieve the classical capacity. Our conjecture based on numerics is that as the number of input qubits are increased the classical capacity approaches the product state capacity for all values of the parameters.


Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs), which consist of infill steel panels surrounded by columns, called Vertical Boundary Elements (VBEs), and beams, called Horizontal Boundary Elements (HBEs), are rapidly becoming an appealing alternative lateral force resisting system for building structures in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Taiwan and other countries. This paper presents results of some recent research to expand the range of applicability of SPSWs with emphasis on improving the understanding of seismic per- formance of the boundary frame members. Following a brief review of the observed failure of the intermediate HBE from the MCEER/NCREE testing program, the models developed to investigate the behavior of HBEs are presented, followed by design recommendations. Then, analytical models to prevent the in-plane shear yield- ing and to estimate the out-of-plane buckling strength of VBEs are developed, followed by a review of past experimental data to investigate if the previously observed VBE failures were due to excessive VBE flexibilities or other causes. It is shown that the existing VBE flexibility requirement specified in the current design codes is uncorrelated to satisfactory VBE performance. The proposed analytical models predict the performance of previously tested SPSWs that correlates well with the experimental observations.


The dementias are important disorders of ageing which result in cognitive and functional decline, behaviour change, increasing dependency and premature death. Alzheimer's disease and other dementias are at least as prevalent in older people with learning disabilities as in the general population. In addition, people with Down's syndrome have high rates of early onset Alzheimer's disease. Assessment of dementia in people with learning disabilities is confounded by pre‐existing cognitive and functional impairments and high rates of comorbid disorders. This paper discusses assessment of dementia in people with learning disabilities from a clinical perspective, with reference to the current evidence base.


Subtitle: "Without a good bus service that is accessible, affordable and attractive to a broad range of people across society, local transport simply cannot work"--minister of transport, Jeff Radebe.


We establish uniform-in-bandwidth consistency for kernel-type estimators of the differential entropy. We consider two kernel-type estimators of Shannon's entropy. As a consequence, an asymptotic 100% confidence interval of entropy is provided.


Laser damage resistance is a key factor for the operation and the improvement of high power laser systems. Up today laser damage performance of optical components is mainly a defect related material characteristic. Metrology procedures have been developed to realize repeatable and accurate measurements of surface damage density due to nanosecond pulses. These measurement techniques were used to guide the improvement of surface damage resistance. Fractures must be eliminated from surfaces, in order not to suffer a damage growth phenomenon, whose exponential character will reduce the optical lifetime. High intensity hot spots due to beam modulations, spatial and/or temporal modulations, can also cause surface damage. Specific set-ups and experiments were carried out that allowed us to analyze and explain these phenomena: damage initiation mechanisms, damage growth and beam propagation inside the optical components. The presentation aims to highlight relevant progress on these topics (1) initiation mechanisms due to defects show two phases: a first incubation phase followed by the expansion one of the damage site ; it appears also that damage diameters are well correlated with the expansion fluence, (2) a refined bulk observation coupled to a fractal analysis allow the quantification of bulk damage and therefore to explain the laser damage growth and its dependence on beam parameters like pulse length and fluence (3) non-linear amplification of phase and amplitude modulations lead to the amplification of the spatial pre-existing small scale modulations that increase the laser energy density locally and finally the number of damage sites. The whole of results, damage initiation, damage growth and beam propagation, is discussed to the light of the laser damage observed on LMJ optics.


In this thesis the development of a general finite element model for free surface
viscoelastic flow is presented. The model uses the weighted residual finite element
technique in conjunction with the VOF (volume of fluid) method in Arbitrary
Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) and Eulerian frameworks for tracking free surface
boundaries. Application of the developed model to two different case studies and
obtained results are discussed and the capabilities of the model are demonstrated. The
first case study is based on the simulation of an injection moulding process. The
second case study is based on the modelling of a de-vulcanisation process used for
recycling of rubber products. [Continues.]


Written by three experts in the field from the UK and USA, Fast Facts: Lymphoma applies an international perspective to this challenging disease in a unique format within the context of clinical practice. It is a valuable resource for trainee doctors and specialist nurses working in the field of hemato-oncology. It will also be of interest to the inquiring patient or carer who wishes to know more about lymphoma.


A therapeutic actuator (100) comprising: a polymeric member (122); a therapeutic member (140); a heating system and administration; and a flexible tube (102) defining a lumen therein, wherein the therapeutic member (140) is configured to fit adjacent to the lumen of the flexible tube (102) and to be released at a distal end of the flexible tube (102 ); the heating system and administration comprising a disposed electrical conductor disposed (106) within the lumen of the flexible tube (102) and resistive heating element (112) also within the lumen of the flexible tube (102) distal to the electrical conductor (106) and electrically connected to the electrical conductor (106); the polymer element (122) having an anchor portion (130) securing the therapeutic member (140) to the heating system and administration and an aggregate portion (120), wherein the anchor portion (130) is adjacent the resistive heating (112) and the aggregate portion (120) is positioned within the therapeutic (140) and distal to the anchor portion (130) element; therapeutic actuator (100) further comprising: an anchor (142) disposed in the aggregate portion (120) of the polymer element (122); and a molding (126) at a distal end of the therapeutic member (140) retaining the therapeutic member (140) to the anchoring portion (130), the molding (126) maintaining the therapeutic member (140) in a first configuration through the stretch-resisting member (124) securing the strip (126) to the anchor (142), characterized by a bulb (114) securing the anchor portion (130) of the polymer element (122) to the heating element resistor ( 112).


The influence of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) reflected from a soft-tissue/bone interface on the temperature rise and lesion formation was theoretically and experimentally investigated in a soft-tissue/bone phantom. The acoustic intensities and the HIFU-induced temperature rises at the focal and the pre-focal regions were numerically simulated without and with the bone. Thermal ablation experiments in a soft-tissue/bone phantom were performed to validate the simulation results. It was found that the presence of a soft-tissue/bone interface in the HIFU beam path may enhance heating leading to the growth of the thermal lesion toward the HIFU source and the bone.


This study begins with a consideration of reception aesthetics, explaining how an audience interacts with "Divine Eagle, Gallant Knight" via the aesthetic horizon, and describing the type of aesthetic response elicited. The aesthetic horizon may be defined both narrowly and broadly. The narrow definition of aesthetic horizon refers to the genre knowledge grasped and understood by the audience, whereas the broadly-defined aesthetic horizon involves sensory association and life trajectory; both are keys to summoning the reader to involve in the world of the novel. From the perspective of broadly-defined aesthetic horizon, studies have shown that the interpretative activity of the reader traverses multiple media. Therefore, the interpretation of literature of the younger generation occurs via visual and audio media as a reference to artistic perception can serve as an example of broadly-defined aesthetic expectation. In addition to local literature and history that form the deep basis of the interpretative process of the audience, one's personal reading history, life experiences, and media contact are factors in constructing the aesthetic horizon.


NISTMonte is a new application for Monte Carlo simulation 1 , 2 of electron transport, X‐ray generation and transmission in complex sample geometries. NISTMonte uses the Mott cross section 3 , 4 to model elastic scattering and the Joy–Luo expression 5 to model energy loss. The ionization cross section is modeled using the empirical expression of Casnati. 6 The mass absorption coefficients are those of Heinrich, 7 and the fluorescence yields are tabulated experimental values. 8


This work deals with drugs and therapy in the field of biotechnology and inventions arising from the methods of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA. The European Patents Commission (EPC) does not mention genes, but genes can also be protected by patent. (1) Since DNA is molekule which determines genetics information, the biochemical substance is thus treated by the patenting office like every other chemical substance. A large number of genes are protected by patent. Multinational companies think that patenting is necessary, particularly if financial means and years invested in research and development are at stake. The efforts to use the isolated stock of genes come face to face with non-governmental institutions from the Southern Hemisphere which are poor and request a just division of the fruits of the biotechnological revolution. The southern nations think that developmant and efforts had already been going on for years before scientists and researchers from the North began to investigate the genes of plants, animals or man. From the ethical point of view, the dilemma lies in wether genetic manipulations should be allowed, and in the best case, whether the genetics enhancement of human beings should be allowed and regulated by law. (2) One such understanding is that human genetic therapy is very dubious bacause therapeutic engineering will lead to technological changes of such momentum that genetic enhancement will be imposed and later difficult to control. Another group of scientists poses the question: what is health, disease or normality? Who owns the genome? What is the place of ethics in relation to the genetic revolution? (3) The final question is: if it were possible to eliminate a lethal gene from the human population by forms of germline manipulation, is there any convincing moral reason why this should not be done? The issue then arises whether it will be at all possible to limit and prohibit research in this field. Human gene therapy has arrived much sooner in medicine than many scientists and ethicists had predicted. In this work a range of practical examples will be shown where, in 1993, an international trust discovered that the government of the USA had sold the national patent of a virus extracted from cell-line of a Guaymi Indian from Panama, or where, in 1996, the Indian Society of Human Genetics issued a range of documents in which they requested the prohibition of transporting "blood, cell-lines, DNA, bones and fossil material".This work will also show that in the USA companies patent cell-lines and the genome of their citizens, as was the case of a businessman from Alaska, when at the California University Clinic the cell-line from a patient's tissue was patented and the University obtained the patent as its own "invention". Nevertheless, this work will also reveal that the tendency of science is to prevent and treat disease, and not to enhance genomes.


Mutations in the BCOR gene cause OFCD syndrome. The BCOR gene provides instructions for making a protein called the BCL6 corepressor. This protein helps regulate the activity of other genes. Little is known about the protein's function, although it appears to play an important role in early embryonic development. Several mutations in the BCOR gene have been found in people with OFCD syndrome. These mutations prevent the production of any functional protein from the altered gene, which disrupts the normal development of the eyes and several other organs and tissues before birth.


OBJECTIVE: To establish a new method to detect the two components of Psoralea corylifolia as a additive in cigarette and smoke. METHODS: The SPME-GC-MS-SIM was used. RESULTS: The components (psoralen, isopsoralen)have been detected respectively. CONCLUSION:The method has high sensitivity and fine repeatability. It can be applied to detect objects rapidly and simply.


If economics is the study of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in the physical world, then network economics is about these activities in the cyber world. An increasing amount of our daily activites, from banking to socializing, from information searching to entertainment, are carried out in the cyber world, it becomes necessary to understand network economics. The questions in network economics are intertwined with the network technology (that connect billions of people and service providers and bring them together), and the new business models enabled by this pervalent infrastructure. A fundamental economical type of question is the resrouce allocation (distribution) policy in the infrastructure, be it resources deployed by the service providers (such as optical fibers) or public resources (such as frequency spectrum for wireless communication). Some of these policies are implemented by the underlying technology, some are controled by the service providers, and some by the regulatory bodies in governments that choose to exert control over the service providers. A good example of the exertion of regulatory control is the net neutrality fight on-going in the United States. In order to promote equal access and perhaps prevent the development of monopoly in basic network service, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ruled that Internet Service Providers (ISP) must only provide a common connectivity and transport service for all users. This ruling was recently overturned by an appeals court that sees the need for economic gains in providing differentiated services in various circumstances. In the allocation of frequency spectrum, however, there is a trend for governments to loosen the control by allowing more spectrum to be managed by new wireless technologies to extract more efficiency out of this convenient but precious public resource. Many new services and business models (that do not exist even 10 or 20 years ago) rely on the magic of network effect, a positive externality in economic terms. The more users (sometimes referred to as eyeballs) in a network, the more valuable the network is. On the other hand, the services (be it content, searchability, availability) depend on the unique contribution of the service providers. These situations often lead to what is known in economics as bargaining games between the users and different service providers that may or may not result in an equilibrium that maximizes the social welfare. The study of these questions should lead to more efficient markets, or identify any need for regulation. The goal of this project is to bring together researchers in different disciplines in different universities, and promising postdocs and prominent visitors around the world, to elevate Hong Kong's expertise and standard in this new research area. This can hopefully create a critical mass to continue to attract funding from industry and government to maintain a world-class think tank in this important area. A partial benefit of this think tank is to provide recommendations to the Hong Kong and Chinese governments on important public policy issues related to network economics.


About 10% of people in the United States have 1 seizure in their lifetime; less than 4% have recurrent seizures or epilepsy. Currently, more than 3.4 million people in the United States have active epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurologic disorders. Seizures can develop at any age, but the most common times are during childhood and after age 60 years. The greatest incidence is in elderly patients. Acute symptomatic seizures (also called provoked seizures or reactive seizures) result from new and active insults to the central nervous system.


With the proliferation of commercial tracking systems, sports data is being generated at an unprecedented speed and the interest in sports play retrieval has grown dramatically as well, where a play corresponds to a fragment of a game. Existing solutions for similar play retrieval usually assume that a database of plays are materialized, which, however, is not well aligned with the practice that data is stored in units of game. In this paper, we propose to search for similar plays directly from a database of games. We tackle three challenges of the task, namely (1) how to measure the similarity between two plays, (2) how to efficiently find a similar play to a query play within a game, and (3) how to efficiently find a similar play within a database of many games. For the first challenge, we propose a deep learning approach called play2vec to learn the representations of sports plays. play2vec is robust against noise and runs in linear time. For the second challenge, we develop a suite of algorithms including two based on reinforcement learning, which use learned policies for deciding where to split a game to generate candidate plays. For the third challenge, we develop a method called ScoreSearch based on deep metric learning, which is able to prune games from being searched for better efficiency. We conduct experiments on real-world soccer match data to evaluate the techniques developed in this paper.


Sociodemographic factors, comorbid disorders, benzodiazepine use and misuse during the most intensive treatment episode for anxiety disorders. (DOC 96 kb)


Objective:To study the dynamic changes of cellular immune function in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and its clinical significance.Methods:ELISA method and the flowing cell instrument were usted to determined the serum levels of IL-6,IL-8 and T lymphocyte subtype in the peripheral blood of 38 cases with IM,who was in acute and convalescent,They were compared with 36 healthy children.Results:At the acute stage,the serum levels of IL-6,IL-8,CD3,CD8 cells were greatly increased(P0.01),CD4,as well as the ratio of CD4/CD8 were significantly reduced in comprison with normal controls (NC) and the cnvalescent(P0.01,At the convalescent,the levels of IL-6,IL-8,CD3,CD8 were decreased,CD4 were elevated,compareing with NS there were no remarkable difference(P0.05),but the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly lower than the NC(P0.05),its was significantly higher than the acut stage(P0.05).Conclusion:The abnormal function of humoral immunity and cellular immunity after EBV infection were the crux of the invasion of IM,The theory basis was provided to children with IM for the adoptive immunotherapy.


Abstract. On organic farms, where the importation of materials to build/maintain soil fertility is restricted, it is important that a balance between inputs and outputs of nutrients is achieved to ensure both short‐term productivity and long‐term sustainability. This paper considers different approaches to nutrient budgeting on organic farms and evaluates the sources of bias in the measurements and/or estimates of the nutrient inputs and outputs. The paper collates 88 nutrient budgets compiled at the farm scale in nine temperate countries. All the nitrogen (N) budgets showed an N surplus (average 83.2 kg N ha–1 yr–1). The efficiency of N use, defined as outputs/inputs, was highest (0.9) and lowest (0.2) in arable and beef systems respectively. The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) budgets showed both surpluses and deficits (average 3.6 kg P ha–1 yr–1, 14.2 kg K ha–1 yr–1) with horticultural systems showing large surpluses resulting from purchased manure. The estimation of N fixation and quantities of nutrients in purchased manures may introduce significant errors in nutrient budgets. Overall, the data illustrate the diversity of management systems in place on organic farms, and suggest that used together with soil analysis, nutrient budgets are a useful tool for improving the long‐term sustainability of organic systems.


We report on the interaction between quartz resonators and spheres approaching one of their surfaces. As firm contact is established, the resonance frequency increases, indicating an increased stiffness of the quartz-sphere system. When contact is just barely reached, additional dissipative processes are present as evidenced by an increased bandwidth. We also monitored the motion of the quartz surface in real time with a digital oscilloscope. By Fourier transformation of the oscilloscope trace the nonlinear components of the motion were determined. In contact, one observes an increase in the second harmonic amplitude which, for reasons of symmetry, is associated with periodic normal forces pushing the sphere away from the quartz plate.


A new micro-mesoporous MCM-41-HY composite molecular sieve was prepared with HY zeolite as the mother liquor. The synthesized composite sample was characterized by XRD,NH3-TPD,N2 adsorption and desorption. In addition,its hydrothermal stability was investigated. The catalytic performance of the composite zeolite was studied on a 200 mL fixed-bed hydrogenation unit with the mixed oil of Daqing VGO and CGO as the feedstock. The results showed that the MCM-41-HY composite molecular sieve had the properties of both mesoporous MCM-41 and the microporous HY,and had stronger acid strength and higher hydrothermal stability than pure mesoporous MCM-41. Under the 75% conversion of 350℃ feedstock distillate,C5+ liquid yield of 98.51% was obtained. The yield of maximum diesel distillate and the selectivity of middle distillates were 69.09% and 80.5%,respectively,which could meet the requirement on maximum diesel distillate yield in oil refinery.


A description of a patient with retinal haemangioblastomas was published in 1879 by Panas and Remy. Descriptions of retinal angiomatosis by Collins and von Hippel followed and, in 1926, Lindau described the retinal, central nervous system and visceral manifestation of this disorder. von Hippel-Lindau disease is now known to be an autosomal dominant inherited condition that predisposes patients to haemangioblastomas in the central nervous system, and a variety of visceral tumours, including phaeochromocytomas. According to Melmon and Rosen, phaeochromocytoma tends to occur as a principal manifestation in some families with von Hippel-Lindau disease and not at all in others. Like the phaeochromocytomas associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type II, those associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease are often multiple and ectopic; approximately 50% to 80% are bilateral and extra-adrenal tumours in the retroperitoneum are reported. We have found two reports in the literature of extra-abdominal paragangliomas in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease, one occurring in the glomus jugulare and one in the carotid body. We describe another case of this very rare association.


The GM 7 Analyser (Analox Instruments ltd, Oxford, UK) is a multi-purpose single-channel analyser which can be used for the measurement of many tests using oxidase substrates. The method for measuring plasma glucose is based on the oxidation of f3-D glucose in the presence of glucose oxidase to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The maximum rate,ofchange ofoxygen is measured by an oxygen electrode and converted into glucose concentration. The principle of the methodology is similar to that of the Beckman Glucose Analyser. Attempts had been made to reduce the running cost in the Beckman Glucose Analyser by recycling the spent oxidase reagent.' However, in view of the potential risks of infections, the manufacturer strongly advises against adopting this practice in the GM 7 Analyser.i Two commercial glucose oxidase reagents, for use in Beckman Glucose Analyser, were diluted 10-fo1d and modified for use with the GM 7 Analyser. The procedure was as follows:


In this paper, it is shown that the theory of an electromagnetic field can be formed on the basis of Cartan mechanics, similar to the mechanics of Lagrange and Hamilton, and in a form convenient for use in quantum electrodynamics. The formulation is based on the vector potential (single form), which is convenient for describing the interaction of the electromagnetic field with fermions in quantum electrodynamics. Cartan mechanics make it possible to include (using auxiliary differentials) additional conditions, for example, the Lorentz calibration imposed on the electromagnetic field.


Purpose of Study Lumbar manipulation and conventional physiotherapy, both had reported significant results for low back pain (LBP) due to sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD). In lumbar manipulation, Muscle Energy Techniques (MET) is frequently used for pain relief and increase range of motion. MET is an active technique in which the patient voluntarily contract specific muscle against the resistance of clinician. Unfortunately, no study has examined the effectiveness of MET in comparison to conventional physiotherapy. Material and Method This study was to compare the MET and conventional physiotherapy in treating low back pain due to SI joint dysfunction. It was a comparative study in which 30 subjects were recruited from Department of Physiotherapy, Christian Medical College and Hospital, both male and female age between 18-35 years complaining of low back pain (more than 3 months) due to SI joint dysfunction (anterior innomiate type)and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken. Oswestry disability index (ODI) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) reading were taken before the treatment. Subjects randomly grouped into 2 groups, Group A (n=15) (MET & corrective exercises were given) Group B (n=15) (TENS & corrective exercises were given). Total 6 treatment sessions were given and then the ODI & NPRS readings were taken at the end to treatment sessions (6th day of treatment). Result After data analysis with student's 't' test the mean difference ± standard deviation for ODI relief (%) for Group A and Group B were 7.49 ± 5.709 and 7.49 ± 3.391 and that for numeric pain rating relief for Group A and Group B were 0.80 ± 0.737 and 0.8. ± 0.507. The average of Oswestry Disability Index (%) relief decrease for Group A is 27.15% and for Group B it is 19.67 %and the average of numeric pain rating scale relief for Group A is 3.40and for Group B is 2.60. Conclusion The result of the study showed that along with corrective exercises, MET is moderately significant over conventional physiotherapy i.e. TENS with corrective exercises in improving functional ability and decreasing pain.


Mineral characteristics of silicified corals from Barisan Mountains (Miocene) of the Western Sumatra (Indonesia) have been studied by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy (spectral curves and hyperspectral images) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive microanalyses. Three different


Aim: Easy availability, overuse, and lack of reinforcement of the radiation hazards facts have unknowingly resulted in overlooking of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) among many dentists. The current survey was designed to assess the awareness, concern, and practice of radiation protection in general dental practice. Materials and Methods: The survey involved 156 dentists in West Bengal, India. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire consisting of a total of 28 items was employed. The obtained data were compiled systemically and significance of difference was calculated by Chi-squared test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17. Results: Bisecting angle technique and use of E-speed films with manual processing were the most common. The majority of the participants had no idea about the type of cone used (37.2%), tube current (37.8%), kVp 56.4% (88). Exposure time was equally variable with maximum variability in the case of digital radiographs. Use of lead barriers and aprons were poor. Conclusion: The knowledge and practice of radiation protection are not satisfactory. Repeated reinforcement and training and the most importantly change in attitude to follow ALARA is required.


The membrane-type air spring can be used to suppress lateral vibration of a vibration isolation table. However, compared to voice coil actuators, pneumatic actuators are difficult to use for precise vibration control, because servo valves have nonlinear dynamic characteristics. Therefore, actuators, such as voice coil actuators, can be placed in parallel with air springs, allowing force-type actuators to provide additional force to the system. These actuators generate force. In the case of a ball-screw mechanism device or a linear servomotor, it is an actuator that generates displacement. These actuators are represented as serial active systems. Serial active systems are structurally simpler than parallel active systems. However, there are very few studies on vibration isolation systems using serial active systems compared to parallel active systems. As the two are different types of systems, a new control algorithm suitable for the serial active system is needed. This study proposes a system in which an actuator capable of accurately controlling displacement is connected in series with a support spring-damper. A new active vibration control algorithm for the proposed control system is also developed, which is termed the position input and position output. The proposed control algorithm uses the displacement of the system as an input and outputs the desired displacement of the actuator installed in series with the damper and spring. The proposed control algorithm increases the damping at the target frequency and reduces the response of the system. Numerical studies and experiments were conducted on the single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degree-of-freedom systems. The results show the efficacy of the proposed control system and the novel control algorithm for the vibration suppression of the lateral vibration of a vibration isolation table.


Abstract Many challenges that confront today's society are complex and dynamic and require new perspectives to arrive at solutions that could not be found before. Finding such new perspectives is part of a process called reframing and one of its key stages is theme investigation. Understanding a problem thoroughly is crucial for creating effective solutions and theme investigation offers insight into human and social themes that underlie complex challenges. This article discusses how to investigate such themes, to deepen our understanding, to find a starting point for reframing and creating innovative solutions. This work explicitly experiments with variation (conceptual, personal, and methodological) as a guiding principle for investigating human themes in real life cases. A process, best practices, instruments and tools for theme investigation are presented and discussed.


Landscape attention in regional planning in Veneto Follows the concept evolution. The first regional planning law and the first Regional Plan gave special attention, with important instruments called "Piani d'Area", to natural sites and area. So today the Veneto region has many important Natural parks. The new law and the new PTRC grew at the same time with the Codice Urbani, that take in the European Landscape Convention. So their principal aim is keep landscape in the centre of urban planning, trying to give concrete instruments to understand landscape structural elements, and to promote relations between different level of planning.


Si 3N 4/Si 3N 4 is bonded by using Cu Ni Ti Fill metal with different composition . The effects of the braze metal composition, and the procedure variables such as the brazing temperature and the brazing time on joining strength are investigated. The results show that at the temperature of 1373K for 10 minutes, the brazing alloy composition corresponding to the highest strength value (289MPa) is (Cu 85 Ni 15 ) 80 Ti 20 . The analysis of the distribution of elements in Si 3N 4/Si 3N 4 joint shows that Si diffuses towards braze layer while Ti and Ni towards Si 3N 4. In the center part of the joint is mainly Cu element and the intensive area of Ti is closer to Si 3N 4 ceramics.