A series of ten underground explosions of 256-pound centrally detonated TNT spheres was conducted to extend underground high explosion tests in desert alluvium from one to four Svlvania Electr and to compare the results with data from other media. Results are tabulated and illustrated photographically. (C.H.)


The spectrum detection is one of the important steps in Cognitive Radio(CR),and the cooperative spectrum detection is popular because of its good detection ability.Based on the energy sensing,there are cooperative spectrum detection algorithms such as AND model,OR model,counting model,double threshold model,likelihood ratio model,linear cooperation model,and Distributed Wireless Communications System(DWCS) model.It is proved that significant cooperative gain can be achieved by the proposed models in reducing interference and improving spectrum usage.


A charge transport mechanism in double oxide-nitride dielectric was studied experimentally and theoretically. We have found that widely accepted Frenkel effect or thermally assisted tunneling could not explain experimental current-field-temperature dependences. For the first time we demonstrate that ionization mechanism of deep traps, which control charge transport in silicon nitride, is due to multiphonon process.


Abstract All processes of measurement imply symmetry‐breaking. Ambiguity is the coexistence of mutually incompatible aspects of the same structure. There are many examples of analogy and symmetry breaking in nature and in culture.


The purpose is to investigate, analyze and clarify the relationship between authorization and security policy for digital preservation system. Information security comes into focus when digital pre ...


Techniques of landscape evaluation have evolved in three broad categories: measurement techniques, preference techniques and consensus approaches, and consist in varying degrees of a mixture of classificatory description, usually fairly objective, and evaluative analysis, inevitably subjective. A major difficulty has been to develop techniques which can be easily replicated when used for the same purposes in different topographical circumstances. A further problem is that the skills required to adopt highly sophisticated techniques may not exist within the organizations of all but the best equipped planning agencies. It is therefore important to develop methods which can be readily understood and easily and widely applied. Are the objectives which have been cited for landscape evaluation realistic ? If one looks at current planning legislation and practice, the prospects are not good, either for existing designations or for the potential of new approaches in the planning systems now being introduced. ONE of the more remarkable features of the aftermath of the 'Countryside in I970' conferences and the vastly increased interest in our surroundings, which they and European Conservation Year stimulated, has been a plethora of new techniques for landscape evaluation. Perhaps this is not so apparent in America, where techniques have been developed and explored by social psychologists or behavioural scientists, but it is particularly evident in Britain where the development of these techniques has been linked with the preparation of development plans, a reflection perhaps of our relatively deep-rooted commitment to a more sophisticated land-use planning system.


Objective To investigate the influence and the probably mechanism of the mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) transplantation in the collagen Ⅱ induced arthritis's synovial proliferation.Methods MSCs from SD rats bone marrow were isolated and expanded.40 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,including:normal control group,early MSCs treatment group(MSCs were transplanted by the time the rats were induced for the first time),later MSCs treatment group(MSCs were transplanted by the time the rats were induced for the second time),early CIA control group(Normal saline were injected by the time the rats were induced for the first time)and later CIA control group(Normal saline were injected by the time the rats were induced for the second time).MSCs and normal saline were injected through tail venus.The observed parameters included arthritis index(AI),articular pathology changes,levels of serum VEGF,TNF-α and IL-17 detected by ELISA.Results(1)The AI and articular pathological score of the early and later treatment group were lower in comparison with that of the control(P0.05).(2)The AI and articular pathological score were lower in early treatment group than in later treatment group,which showed statistically significant difference(P0.05).(3)The levels of serum VEGF,TNF-α and IL-17 of early and later treatment group were significantly decreased compared with CIA control group(P0.05),and positively correlated with AI and articular pathological score(P0.05).Conclusions The transplantation of MSCs to CIA can inhibit the proliferation of synovinm and reducing the expression of VEGF,TNF-α and IL-17 may be the possible mechanism.


We present a solution of the segmentation problem using a distributed, non deterministic and parallel computational model known as tissue-like P systems. We present a new technique to segment images with respect to the algorithm appeared in [1], where we use multiple auxiliary cells and not only one.


A case of pregnancy is reported to have a significant aortic dilatation detected by the ultrasonographic study during the second trimester of pregnancy. The presence of an aneurysm in the ascendant aorta is confirmed in the study carried out at the 23 weeks of pregnancy. The patient decided not to continue the pregnancy after receiving cardio–genetic counseling. The necropsy exam evidenced the great aneurysmal dilatation as well as the presence of a coarctation of the associated aorta. The possible causes of aortic dilatation as a sign of congenital heart disease are commented. This is the first reported case in Cuba.


The commonly-used techniques for IPsec tunnel endpoint discovery are surveyed. For each technique, its strengths and weaknesses are analyzed in the context of relevant application scenarios, and the possible methods for enhancement are discussed as well. A secure tunnel endpoint discovery technique based on DHT is also proposed, which is inspired by the advantages of previously discussed techniques and the DHT-based routing methods in P2P networks. The proposed technique is of good reliability, security and scalability, and is applicable to large-scale VPNs.


45 but the rest of us need not pay them much attention. Some of the footnotes are elementary, explaining, for example, where Megara is (p. 75, n. 1). The less elementary ones are sometimes wrong; for instance, the Areopagus did not try cases of sacrilege and high treason (p. 67, n. 1), but cases of homicide. Finally, the fragments. It is irritating that Malcovati omits from the text (even though she mentions in the introduction) the glosses from Harpocration and other lexicons, since this makes her text incomplete. It is also irritating that she numbers the fragments afresh without giving the numeration of previous editions. There are one or two misprints (fr. 9 read ouS', fr. 24 read 'QiSeiov), but otherwise the text is generally satisfactory. It is a pity that inadequate attention to detail has spoilt what might have been a good edition. Consequently we still lack a reliable standard text of Lycurgus.


Meckel′s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in about 2% of the population and, in most cases, incidentally being discovered during autopsy, laparotomy, or barium studies. Hemorrhage, obstruction, and inflammation are the complications that can occur in a Meckel′s diverticulum. Perforation in a Meckel′s diverticulum can occur in the presence of ectopic mucosa which is rare, but perforation following blunt abdominal injury is very rare and only few cases have been reported so far. We report a case of perforation of Meckel′s diverticulum in an 8-year-old boy following a blunt abdominal trauma due to fall from a bicycle.


Seoul metropolitan has established a vision as 'Healthy water-cycle city' to resolve urban water-environmental deterioration. Therefore, various infiltrative Low Impact Development (LID) facilities are constructed and operated, however, benefit analytic plans for systematic valuation are insufficient. In this study, to analyze various benefits of these kinds of infiltration facilities, contents for benefit analysis were selected and categorized. As a result of quantification and valuation, the facilities showed the total benefit as 0.99 dollar/y·m 2 for infiltration storage tank and 1.10 dollar/y·m 2 for infiltration storage tank. Characteristics of benefit distribution were various reflecting characteristics of each infiltration facility (Water saving: 88~90%, Energy: 4%, Air quality improvement: <1%, Climate change adoption: 5~7%, Respiratory health care: <1%). As further studies, the synergy effects by integrated LID systems would be evaluated such as prevention of heat island based on suggested benefit assessment plans for each LID facility.


In 2014, we began to create an employee recognition program for about 110 employees in the Office of Information Technology at West Virginia University. Immediately after initiating the project, the Chief Information Officer announced that our unit would be merging with several others, more than doubling in size under the new name, Information Technology Services. We needed a way to not only recognize good work and good deeds in a timely fashion, but also to create a stronger sense of unity among these newly merged IT organizations with different cultures and practices. Over six months, a large, diverse committee built a scalable, transparent, accountable, peer-judged program aimed at improving employee morale and retention. With both positive and negative examples of past, unstructured, personality-dependent programs in mind, the AwardU Committee designed a system that is fair, unbiased and inclusive. With well thought-out definitions of recognizable excellence and three categories, we have awards that anyone in ITS can win, regardless of the nature of their duties. Determining key ITS values and principles helped us design a meaningful, rule-driven program that staff would use, appreciate and support, all within the confines of financially restrictive state ethics laws regarding employee recognition. The RockIT Awards were designed BY employees FOR employees. The program today is formal, fair and fun, complete with an awards breakfast, unique prizes and hand-poured metal trophies that travel among winners like the Stanley Cup in the NHL. "This program is bigger than any of us, required all of us and is made to continue without us," Chairman Steven Marra told the committee after our first year. Six quarters in, we have a charter, functional data, formative notes and anecdotes we believe could help others emulate this program even as it continues to evolve.


The invention provides a suction nozzle used for the minimally invasive surgery. The suction nozzle comprises a circular-truncated-cone-shaped suction head and a cylinder-shaped connector which are in an integrated structure and made of zirconia ceramic material, wherein a central through hole is formed in the axial center of the circular-truncated-cone-shaped suction head and the cylinder-shaped connector, and 2-5 axial lead small holes are formed in the periphery of the central through hole; the inclined angle of the front end part of the circular-truncated-cone-shaped suction head is 15-22 degrees; a U-shaped shallow sinking groove surrounding the central through hole is formed in the front end surface of the circular-truncated-cone-shaped suction head; four axial lead small holes are uniformly distributed in the periphery of the central through hole, and are positioned within the half area of the front end surface of the circular-truncated-cone-shaped suction head, the U-shaped shallow sinking groove is also positioned within the half area, and at least two of the axial lead small holes are contained in the U-shaped shallow sinking groove; the inclined angle of the front end part of the circular-truncated-cone-shaped suction head is 18.1 degrees. The suction nozzle used for the minimally invasive surgery has the advantages that the structure is simple, the use is convenient and reliable, the safety is good, an electricity discharge lead can be conveniently fixed, so that the safe use of the lead is guaranteed, the flow velocity and flow rate of a sucked-in object can be effectively controlled, etc.


In spite of being one of our most prominent bacterial pathogens, the presence of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) has not previously been investigated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression by sRNA molecules has been demonstrated in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria and has been shown to play a significant role in the control of virulence. By screening cDNA libraries prepared from low‐molecular weight RNA from M. tuberculosis we have identified nine putative sRNA molecules, including cis‐encoded antisense transcripts from within open reading frames and trans‐encoded transcripts from intergenic regions. sRNAs displayed differential expression between exponential and stationary phase, and during a variety of stress conditions. Two of the cis‐encoded sRNAs were associated with genes encoding enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, desA1 and pks12. These sRNAs showed complementarity to multiple M. tuberculosis genes, suggesting the potential to act as both cis‐encoded and trans‐encoded sRNAs. Overexpression of selected trans‐encoded sRNAs had profound impact on growth of M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis. This is the first experimental evidence of sRNAs in M. tuberculosis and it will be important to consider the potential influence of sRNA regulation when studying the transcriptome and the proteome of M. tuberculosis during infection.


HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) has evolved into the de facto standard for secure Web browsing. Through the certificate-based authentication protocol, Web services and Internet users first authenticate one another ("shake hands") using a TLS/SSL certificate, encrypt Web communications end-to-end, and show a padlock in the browser to signal that a communication is secure. In recent years, HTTPS has become an essential technology to protect social, political, and economic activities online.


Introduction:  NICE has set standards for lymph node (LN) harvest in surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). We report the effect of the operating surgeon and reporting pathologist on lymph node yield and the role of LN yield on survival.


Following the analysis of available historiography, the author concludes that the most important component of conservatism – its focus on settling politically sensitive issues via the methods of socio-economic practice has not received a proper scientific analysis yet. In this regard, a study of Zemstvo, which was an experimental platform for implementing selfgovernment principles via economic practices in Russia, is of great practical importance. There is no doubt that Zemstvo forged Russian liberalism, which is well studied at the present time. However, Zemstvo conservatism has so far not been properly studied.


of air, diet, and the use of arsenic. The so-called thymic asthma, laryngismus stridulus, is regarded by most authors as neurosis of rachitic origin, without relation to the thymus. In rare cases lipoma, anaemia, hyperaemia, apoplexy, suppuration of the gland, malignant tumours, and tuberculosis are observed. Krankheiten


To compare its effectiveness in stimulating growth-hormone (GH) release, GH-RH (1-44) NH2 was given intravenously (80 mcg; n=16), subcutaneously (2.1; 4.2, 8.4; 12 b; 168 and 21 mcg/kg; n=16) and intranasally (1.4, 3.6; 7; 14.21 and 28 mcg/kg; n=16) to normal male volunteers.GH stimulation occured in a dose-responsive manner after SC and after IN routes of administration. Although the degree of GH stimulation terms of GH peak and GH integrated concentration, was variable among subjects, the greatest amount of stimulation occured with the highest doses. If maximal observed concentration of GH is used as an indicator of responsiveness to the various doses and routes of administration, approximately a 15 fold higher SC dose and a 25 fold higher IN dose were required to stimulate a comparable amount of GH secretion as compared with IV administration.Stimulation of GH secretion occured within 30 minutes of IV and SC administration and within 45 minutes of IN 6R-RH(1-44)NH2 administration.It is concluded that optimisation of IN administration of GH-RH(1-44) NH2 is necessary before using it for long-term therapy in children with GH deficiency.


This paper deals with a proposed method for stabilizing radioactively contaminated eutectic sodium/potassium (NaK) liquid metal. Approximately 680 liters (180 gal) of contaminated liquid NaK were generated in 1955 during testing with the Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR-I) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). Reaction of the NaK with chlorine gas to produce solid salts of sodium and potassium is proposed as a means to stabilize this waste. Preliminary testing was initiated to determine the reaction conditions required for this process. It was found that reaction with chlorine is feasible for safely treating the liquid metal.


It is also questionable whether the author gives sufficient weight to the significance of strong craft identities in the airline industry as an impediment to relational coordination. To be sure, there is much discussion in the book of breaking down barriers between "functional" areas, and the author acknowledges the importance of status differences between job groups. However, the primary source of data for the book is a survey of employees in five job groups closely involved with flight departures (ticketing, gate, baggage transfer, ramp, and operations agents), whose jobs are similar enough that they might well be included in the same bargaining units. The surveyed employees were asked to comment on their relationships with pilots, flight attendants, and other crafts, but the author did not directly survey representatives of these groups. Had she done so, craft identities-sometimes linked to race, sex, and large pay and status differentials-might have seemed like more imposing obstacles to relational coordination.


OBJECTIVE To develop an HPLC method for determination of total glucosides of paeony(TGP) with benzoic acid as control.METHODS By hydrolysis of TGP to determine the amounts of benzoic acid,the amounts of TGP were obtained from the following formula:TGP(%)=benzoic acid(%)×480.27/ 121.12 Benzoic acid was determined by supelco discovery C 18 column as stationary phase,230 nm as detective wavelength,MeOH-0.05 mol·L -1 KH 2PO 4-HAC-isopropanol(67∶173∶4∶4) as mobile phase.RESULTS The recovery of TGP was 98.2%,and RSD =2.7%.CONCLUSION It is proved that this method is simple and can be easily repeated.


A fringe-locking technique was employed to stabilize the optical parametric oscillator cavity,which would be affected by external environmental disturbance,such as vibration and airflow.First,how the locking point influence the squeezing degree was analyzed theoretically,the results show that position at half of the transmission peak could be the best locking point.Then the fringe-locking technique was applied to achieve the resonance between the optical parametric oscillator cavity and the injected infrared light experimentally.The experimental results show that the length variance of the cavity in continuous operation over 2his 7.27 nm and the longest locking time is 3.8h,which is sufficient for the detection of the squeezed states of light.


This study was conducted to determine the relationship of transactional leadership, commitment organizational and job satisfaction. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The research population was on the Tax Service Office (KPP) employees in Banjarmasin which numbered 89 people. Instruments for collecting data in this study were survey methods. Data analysis using Path Analysis. The results of the study show that transformational leadership significantly influences organizational commitment and organizational commitment has a significant effect on job satisfaction.


PurposeThis research explores the standard language ideology in Chinese foreign language education policies. The most substantial in relation to language policy and management in regard to language ideology are beliefs associated with the values on the named language and its varieties (Spolsky, 2009). In the standard language ideology, the standard is treated as being valuable linguistic capital and possessing prestige as well as authority. Mandarin is the most well-accepted standard Chinese, and similarly, UK English or US English is the most popular and Standard English (SE) in China.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framework in this research is critical discourse analysis (CDA) and discourse-historical approach (DHA) to guide the data collection and data analysis. This research will review recent and seminal literature obtained from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) on language policy in China in relation to standard language ideology. The literature also investigates Chinese state's English language ideologies using official language education policies (FLEPs).FindingsThe results show that standard language ideology is a common mindset found within official state policies in regard to SE. The authors argue that the Chinese trust on the ideology of standard language appears to not be aligned to recent worldwide trends such as globalization and multilingualism.Originality/valueThis research can provide insights into future language planning and language policy in China and shows that the future research could do more on language planning in China.


The authors have adapted a turbidimetric assay on centrifugal Cobas Fara analyser for cerebrospinal fluid proteins determinations. The later method is proposed by SFBC Protein Analysis Committee using benzethonium chloride as monoreagent. This adaptation is more sensitive than manual method. The linearity range is greater (0.08-1.85 g/l instead of 0.2-1.2 g/l). Sample assay and time of analysis were reduced by 90 p. cent.


The unique narration style was exhibited in "Wa Cheng Shang Kong De Mai Tian" which built on happenchance.The novel was overthrown the ordinary experience and ordinary life logic.The modern people's living actuality was interrogated.


The X-ray inspection apparatus is disclosed. X-ray inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, X-ray irradiation unit; The subject table that is an object to be examined lies; X-ray detectors are disposed below the subject table; Includes,; and the blood as a grid member that is disposed between the sample table and the X-ray detector, grid member having a plurality of X-ray transmission hole which is arranged in linear symmetry about the parallel axis of symmetry in a width direction of the grid members when the X-ray examination apparatus is in the initial set mode, the X-ray irradiation unit is disposed at the initial check block position is aligned with the axis of symmetry of the grid member, and the subject table is a group aligned with the axis of symmetry of the reference point, wherein the grid member is set is disposed in the initial position where the table, when the X-ray irradiation unit is irradiated to have a tilt position, wherein the subject table is horizontally moved in the longitudinal direction is disposed in the adjustment position table has the location difference between the initial location table.


This research reports the next generation of solid-state triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) host material (polycaprolactone, PCL) for highly efficient, processable, and biocompatible solid-state TTA-UC. UC PCL was successfully fabricated using...


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a series of 30-60-second short videos to promote improved food safety behaviors of middle school youth, determine the feasibility of disseminating the videos through peer networks, and measure their effects on food safety attitudes, perceived social norms, and behaviors of youth. Design/methodology/approach – Food safety content specialists, learning experts, programmers, illustrators, project managers, instructional designers, scriptwriters, and stakeholders were involved in creation of the Don't Be Gross short videos before evaluation by middle school youth (sixth to eighth grades). The experimental group (n=220) completed the following activities at about one-week intervals: pre-test, viewed videos, post-test, and follow-up test. The control group (n=112) completed the same activities at similar intervals but did not have access to the videos until after the follow-up test. Findings – Controlling for grade and gender, linear mixed-effects models revealed...


ageing. Virtually every biological system alters with age and, just as a 70-year-old cannot run as fast or hear as well as when he or she was 20, it is perhaps inevitable that cognitive function also becomes impaired. However, far from being straightforward, the nature, classification and clinical significance of age-related cognitive changes that fall short of dementia remain a most controversial and difficult area (see O'Brien & Beats, 1994; Dal Forno & Kawas,


Rapid prototyping (RP) is a new technology to fabricate a prototype part layer-by-layer. This technique has been achieved in many industrial sectors, but parts fabricated using this technique exhibit low mechanical properties, this makes it difficult to apply to fast growing applications. This technology can not only effectively save production time and cost of the prototypes, but also produce complicated product. In this study, we investigate the effect of the addition of halloysite nanotubes on mechanical properties of nanocomposites made by the RP process. Test specimens were fabricated using tetrafunctional polyester acrylate (TPA) and 1, 6 hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) photopolymer as a matrix material and halloysite nanotubes as a reinforcing material. The adhesion between TPA/HDDA and halloysite nanotubes has been improved by using surface modification of a silane coupling agent. When compared with neat photopolymer, the tensile strength of nanocomposites decreased by about 22%, because the halloysites had poor interfacial adhesion. Silane treatment of halloysites using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane was succeeded to improve tensile strength of nanocomposites (2 phr halloysite nanotubes) by 31%.


The main uranium producing countries and the individual production centres are briefly described, including their production status. In particular, an analysis of their present situation is given. The challenge of required remediation work lies in the successful handling of the complex transformation from the old to the new socio-economic environment within a tight financial framework.


With the continued integration of artificial intelligence and robotics into human society the need for human-aware and human-in-the-loop planning becomes ever more prominent. So far research has been conducted which addresses acting in a human world to achieve joint or independent goals or to assist humans in completing their own goals. However, little research has been published that pertains to human-robot communication whilst planning. A robot's ability to communicate efficiently and effectively with humans will allow the robot to be more useful to the human, in that the human may extract necessary information, or understand the actions that the robot may perform, as well as making the robot more efficient at achieving its own goals. With these benefits in mind this doctoral research will address when, why and how information is conveyed to humans by robots during planning s well as integrating into the planning process an ongoing negotiation between a human and the planner (a robot)


The formation of western classical metaphysical aesthetics is a dialectical movement of constituting aesthetic subject transcendently on the basis of soul conception, passing through "the theory of natural soul" in ancient Greece, Descartes's "doctrine of rational soul" and in Germany classical aesthetic the second comprehension on aesthetic subject with separate soul and flesh, opposite emotion and ration. In 19 century, with the development of irrationalism and modern psychology, the spirit subject basing on "Soul leading flesh" yielded to the desire subject with a sign of mortal body.


These comments are submitted by Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare (Warner-Lambert) in response to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reopening the administrative record for over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine drug products, as published in the Federal Register on August 25,200O. The reopening of the record provides for the acceptance of comments on recommendations by the public concerning the use of these products to relieve symptoms of sneezing and runny nose due to the common cold.


We present a simple model that predicts a limit to the microwave energy fluence (energy per unit area) that can propagate through the atmosphere and show that this limit falls within levels that can be shielded against. Within the relevant range of parameters, this model simplifies and extends results reported by Yee et al.1 to show explicitly the dependence of the breakdown time on microwave field strength and altitude above sea level.


In this research, a paramteric study to account for the effect of interfacial strength and nanotube agglomeration on the elastoplastic behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene composites is performed. At first, the elastoplastic behavior of nanocomposites is predicted from molecular dynamics(MD) simulations. By combining the MD simulation results with the nonlinear micromechanics model based on the Mori-Tanaka model, a two-step domain decomposition method is applied to inversely identify the elastoplastic behavior of adsorption interphase zone inside nanocomposites. In nonlinear micromechanics model, the secant moduli method combined with field fluctuation method is used to predict the elastoplastic behavior of nanocomposites. To account for the imperfect material interface between nanotube and matrix polymer, displacement discontinuity condition is applied to the micromechanics model. Using the elastoplastic behavior of the adsorption interphase zone obtained from the present study, stress-strain relation of nanocomposites at various interfacial bonding condition and local nanotube agglomeration is predicted from nonlinear micromechanics model with and without the adsorption interphase zone. As a result, it has been found that local nanotube agglomeration is the most important design factor to maximize reinforcing effect of nanotube in elastic and plastic behavior.


The ultra-dense network (UDN) has been identified as a promising solution to accommodate a tremendously increasing number of traffic. Clustering for small cell base stations is considered as an efficient frequency resource management scheme. In this study, the authors propose a flexible clustering algorithm to achieve traffic load balancing between clusters as well as reduced inter-cell interference. They implement a malleable cluster configuration with cluster splitting and recombining. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed clustering technique is useful and practical, providing high average throughput and lowering outage probability.


The first randomized clinical trial on different modes of off-load diabetic foot wounds by Armstrong et al. (1) was long awaited. The total contact cast (TCC) turned out to be better than …


It is now well-known that the frequency, intensity and duration of heatwaves will strongly increase along the XXIth century, which introduces the urban built environment resilience as a new paradigm. In Paris, the intense 2003 heatwave demonstrated that warm urban temperatures could result in serious adverse health issues. Temperatures were particularly elevated during nighttime, due to the urban heat island effect. Since air-conditioning has not penetrated yet in residential French buildings, studying the potential of combined mitigation strategies at the district and building scale to increase the neighbourhood and buildings resilience in strong urbanized areas under future heatwaves is a key subject matter. The climate change aspect is integrated through a future heatwave weather file, re-assembled from dynamically downscaled multi-year regional climate change projections from the EURO-CORDEX project. The new ecodistrict Clichy-Batignolles in central Paris is chosen as a case study, recognized as innovative for low-energy and environmental solutions. It is composed of high-rise residential and commercial buildings, large green areas, cool surfaces, and reduced anthropogenic sources. We used an Urban Canyon Model (Urban Weather Generator) to model the neighbourhood and different design configurations (building height and density, green and cool surfaces). The designs and measures were evaluated through a sensitivity analysis to analyse their potential to mitigate the urban local microclimate air temperature during the heatwaves. We quantified the neighbourhood resilience and found that the ecodistrict is exposed to a strong urban heat stress under the future intense heatwave. These results highlight how outdoor overheating assessment can be used to evaluate the district mitigation and adaptation strategies. This approach can be used for urban planning, while the modelled future urban heatwaves can be used as an input for building simulations and evaluate the resilience of the buildings to urban heat stress.


Choice of implant for patients aged sixty-five years or younger requiring hip arthroplasty is a topic of current debate, those in favor of resurfacing maintain it offers a greater range of motion and activity. We examined the Oxford Hip Score9s (OHS) and Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) of patients undergoing either total hip replacement (THR) using an Elite Plus Stem, or hip resurfacing using a Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR). The THR cohort comprised 34 implants (4 bilateral), 17 men, 17 women, mean age 56.08 years. The resurfacing cohort comprised 27 implants (3 bilateral), 18 men, 9 women, mean age 50.51 years. The mean difference calculated between pre- and post-operative OHS was 22.08 and 25.33 for the THR and resurfacing cohorts respectively. The mean Duke score was 42.3 and 53 for the cohorts respectively. Using the pre-operative and post-operative change in Oxford Hip Scores, no statistically significant difference was found between the THR and resurfacing cohorts (p = 0.2891). There was a statistically difference found between the THR and resurfacing cohorts with regards to activity using post-operative Duke scores, (p = 0.0047). This study has emphasized the use of the DASI, a pure activity score, in hip research. In terms of reducing pain, both prostheses appear equally effective. With regards to activity, as evidenced by utilizing a pure activity score, the resurfacing cohort faired better. Our study suggests at one year post-op, young patients with a resurfacing have a greater activity level than those with a THR.


Sialylation of lacto- N -neotetraose (LNnT) extending from heptose I (HepI) of 23 gonococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) contributes to pathogenesis. Previously, 24 gonococcal LOS sialyltransterase (Lst) was shown to sialylate LOS in Triton X-100 25 extracts of strain 15253, which expresses lactose from both HepI and HepII, the minimal 26 structure required for mAb 2C7 binding. Ongoing work has shown that growth of 15253 27 in cytidine monophospho- N -acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac)-containing media 28 enables binding to CD33/Siglec-3, a cell surface receptor that binds sialic acid, 29 suggesting that lactose termini on LOS of intact gonococci can be sialylated. Neu5Ac 30 was detected on LOSs of strains 15253 and a MS11 mutant with only lactose from HepI 31 and HepII by mass spectrometry; deleting HepII lactose rendered Neu5Ac undetectable.


A most favorable Requirement Engineering process is considered to be subject of situational characteristics of Software Requirement Engineering settings. These characteristics are related to organizations, project, process, requirements, stakeholders etc. However, list of situational factors affecting the Requirement Engineering process during Global Software Development is presently not available. The lack of such study is challenging as it not only restrain the ability to improve Requirement Engineering process, but also it can undermine the competence of Requirement Engineering team to determine the core constraints and characteristics of developing software. To address this scarcity, we have merged a considerable related research into an initial list of situational factors that affect the Requirement Engineering Process during Global Software Development. We have performed Systematic Literature Review for situational factors identification. To carry on data merging, we have used thorough data coding techniques adopted from Grounded Theory. The initial list of situational factors consists of 37 factors, which is the sound initial reference list for Requirement Engineering process definition in Global Software Development environment. The outcome of this study symbolizes a significant contribution to the Requirement Engineering body of knowledge.


For deep tunnels with restricted possibilities for site investigation, deviations from the forecast are usually to be expected. Deviations of geological and hydrogeological conditions have different effects on tunnelling. At the Gotthard Base Tunnel it was found that some areas considered as critical actually behaved most favourably, whereas other areas, such as fault zones and zones of high rock pressure, deviated unfavourably from the forecast with considerable effects on costs and the time schedule. Unfavourable deviations could not be compensated by favourable areas. It should be also noted that these deviations had not been included in risk analyses, because they were unknown, however the original cost prognosis of 1999 provided sufficient financial reserves. These deviations were mastered by intensive probing ahead of excavation and adaptation of design, construction programme and additional measures defined during construction. On the basis of the comparison of forecast and actual conditions, the positive and negative effects of the conditions encountered on tunnelling are described.


A general overview of quark models of hadrons is presented. Experiment results and theoretical attempts to explain the data are discussed. Bag models and pion clouds, hadron masses and baryon magnetic moments, quark clustering and NN interactions, and the GA/GV ratio are topics included in this review. (AIP)


The goal of this research is to analyze the pattern of relationship by understanding the direct influence of consumer familiarity and usability of social network (Facebook) to customer satisfaction and loyalty on its users in Malang, East Java. This explanatory research written in a descriptive approach, refer to the theory of decision-making process by Kotler-Keller and Peter-Olson. A critical incident of Facebook are a characteristic of the product and service that the customer would like and which specifically explainable. The critical incident technique is another approach for determining customer requirements by describes satisfaction items and critical incident. Facebook as a product which has a critical incident is analyzed with a few of test related to consumer familiarity and usability. The number of sample is rounded to 130 people. The collected data analyzed by path analysis, with maximum likelihood estimation method. The result findings were: the variable of familiarity and usability significantly influenced customer satisfaction and loyalty. Meanwhile, the variable of customer satisfaction isn't significantly influenced customer loyalty. For the result, total determinant coefficient on path model is 52%. Keywords: familiarity, usability, satisfaction, loyalty, Facebook


Purpose Lung cancer is one of the most life-threatening cancer worldwide with poor prognosis attributed to the lack of early diagnosis and proper therapy. The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a multifunctional protein not limited to bind ligands and has been reported to be associated with numerous cancers. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of ERRα in lung cancer and to provide a novel perspective for lung cancer early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis assessment. Methods The correlation between ERRα mRNA expression and survival time of the online clinical data about lung cancer was analyzed by using Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter. A mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was constructed to detect the expression level of ERRα in tumor tissues. ERRα-knockdown LUAD cells were generated and the impacts of ERRα on cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis were further analyzed. Cancerous and paracancerous tissues were collected to semi-quantitative the levels of ERRα in LUAD clinical samples (n=88), combined with clinical information for prognostic analysis. Results The KM plotter analysis suggested that ERRα is correlated with poor prognosis in LUAD (n=720) rather than in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) (n=524). ERRα is also upregulated in tumor tissues obtained from LUAD model mice. Quantitative analysis suggested an abnormal elevation of ERRα in LUAD cells rather than in LSCC cells. The results demonstrated that downregulation of ERRα impairs proliferation, invasion and migration abilities (P<0.01). The prognostic analysis showed that the overexpressed ERRα in LUAD was positively correlated with low survival rates (HR=1.597). The results indicate that the death risk of ERRα high expression is 1.597 times higher than ERRα low level in LUAD patients. Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that ERRα is a potential aggressive factor of LUAD which implies poor prognosis.


An important step towards establishing an engineering discipline of software is to provide a formal basis for describing and analyzing software architectures. The Wright Architectural Speci cation Language was developed for this purpose. The key novel features of Wright are its support for (a) formal speci cation of new architectural connection types, (b) formal de nition of architectural styles, and (c) rules for checking the consistency and completeness of architectural designs. This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number CCR-9357792, by the Wright Laboratory, Aeronautical Systems Center, Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, and the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) under grant number F33615-93-1-1330. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the o cial policies, either expressed or implied, of Wright Laboratory, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon.


With the rapidly spreading use of IP networks such as intranets and the Internet, there have been efforts to develop voice-over IP (VoIP) devices and services by utilizing them. In particular, in the commercial user environment, wide use is likely to be made of services with a high added value in which the telephone network function and the IP network connection function are combined by fully utilizing a high-level user interface provided by an information processing terminal. This paper considers a voice conference service as the value-added service in which the telephone function terminals on the telephone network and IP network are interconnected. The construction of a system for providing a voice conference service is investigated, considering requirements such as flexibility, scalability, and quality. A method of construction is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by performance evaluation of an experimental system based on the method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(4): 53–64, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20071


A high accurate electronic instrument transformer c alibration system is introduced in this paper. The system uses the fourth-order convolution window algorithm for the error ca lculation method. Compared with Fast Fourier Transform, which is recommended by standard IEC-60044-8 (Electronic current transformers), it has higher accuracy. The relative measurin g errors caused by asynchronous sampling could be r educed effectively without any special hardware technique adopted. The results show that the ratio error caused by asynchronous s ampling can be reduced to 10 -4 , and the phase error can be reduced to 10 -3 d egrees when the deviation of frequency is within ±0.5 Hz. The present method of measurement processing is achieved by a high-accuracy USB multifunction data acquisition (DAQ) card and virtu al measurement devices, with low cost, short exploi tation period and high stability.


Resonant two-photon ionization spectra of LiCa have been obtained from a laser vaporization, supersonic expansion source. The ground state of the molecule is confirmed to be X 2Σ+. Three band systems have been observed near 15 282, 19 310, and 22 250 cm−1 and the upper states have been assigned as 2Σ+, 2Πr, and, tentatively, 2Π. Bond lengths and vibrational frequencies are reported for 7Li40Ca for the various states as X 2Σ+: r0=3.3796(11) A, ΔG1/2=195.2 cm−1; 2Σ+: r0=3.4275(47) A, ΔG1/2=283.5 cm−1; 2Πr: re=3.5451(36) A, ωe=144.5 cm−1; and 2Π: ωe=178.53(5) cm−1. The ionization energy was also measured to be 4.471(1) eV by observing the onset of one-photon ionization. Results of ab initio all-electron calculations on twelve low-lying states [2Σ+(1), 2Σ+(2), 2Σ+(3), 2Σ+(4), 4Σ+(1), 4Σ−(1), 2Π(1), 2Π(2), 2Π(3), 2Π(4), 4Π(1), and 4Π(2)] are also reported, along with results on the X 1Σ+ ground electronic state of LiCa+. The dissociation energies of LiCa(X 2Σ+) into Li(2S)+Ca(1S) and of LiCa+ (X 1Σ+) into Li+(...


The paper builds the automatic adjustment system of the loop pipe network by using the Matlab.And the paper realizes that just the basic data is input to the system by using the matrix calculation,the transformation function and the logical operation function of Matlab,the system can automatically judge,calculate and obtain the result in the accepted range based on the data.


The generality of the curvature-enhanced accelerator coverage (CEAC) model of superconformal electrodeposition is demonstrated through application to superconformal filling of fine trenches during silver deposition from a selenium-catalyzed silver cyanide electrolyte. The CEAC mechanism involves (i) increase of local metal deposition rate with increasing coverage of a catalytic species adsorbed on the metal/electrolyte interface and (ii) significant change of local coverage of catalyst (and thus local deposition rate) in submicrometer features through the changing area of the metal/electrolyte interface. Electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron experiments with planar electrodes (substrates) are used to identify the catalyst and obtain all kinetic parameters required for the simulations of trench filling. In accord with the model, the electrolyte yields optically shiny, dense films, hysteretic current-voltage curves, and rising current-time transients. Experimental silver deposition in trenches from 350 down to 200 nm wide are presented and compared with simulations based on the CEAC mechanism. All kinetics for the modeling of trench filling come from the studies on planar substrates. The results support the CEAC mechanism as a quantitative formalism for exploring morphological evolution during film growth. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.


This note investigates the canonical realization of the single-input single-output transfer function. An algorithm for generating all canonical realizations of the transfer function is presented and the alternative formulas for the total number of realizations of the denominator are derived.


The utility model provides a highway intelligent monitoring system. The system includes a highway intelligent password card used to monitor vehicle driving conditions and road conditions on the highway in the whole journey; a wireless data transmission module used to realize the communication connection between the highway intelligent password card and a remote management center; the remote management center used to receive, record, analyze and calculate the information of the road conditions and vehicle conditions obtained by the intelligent password card, and send a prompt message to the highway intelligent password card through the wireless data transmission module. In the utility model, an intelligent management system is added on the basis of the original highway password card. The highway intelligent monitoring system in the utility model is completely suitable for using in closed road sections such as the highway. Available resources are utilized in high limit. Moreover, no device needs to be installed on vehicle. And the design of the intelligent password card is human-centered. The highway intelligent monitoring system in the utility model is equipped with an independent cell and does not need to be connected to a power source. The highway intelligent monitoring system in the utility model has advantages of convenient usage and low manufacturing cost. And the highway intelligent monitoring system in the utility model has great economic and social value.


ABSTRACT We present a bi-dimensional multi lottery choice task which can be used in order to elicit the agents' risk attitudes in financial environments. This task is implemented both with hypothetical and real monetary incentives in a between-subjects and a within-subjects experiment. We observe choices involving significantly lower risk aversion on aggregate when incentives are real. The differences grow with the stakes at play. We also obtain significant differences between hypothetical and real rewards in both utility weighting and probability weighting estimated parameters. We find that the use of hypothetical incentives in multi-lottery choice tasks for evaluating individual risk aversion can be misleading.


Abstract Online learning has radically altered educational access; however, challenges emerge for learning domains relying on practical learning experiences, such as the creative arts. Research shows praxis is vital to effective arts teacher preparation. However, as Australian initial teacher educators, we noted the challenges of engaging online students in arts praxis and held concerns regarding preparing them adequately for the primary classroom. In exploring solutions, we developed an approach mandating hands-on learning through assessment, theorizing this as praxis-focused pedagogy. Through surveys and interviews, we sought to understand student perspectives regarding the assessment processes and whether this improved online engagement and self-efficacy as future arts educators. Findings confirm students supported a praxis-focused approach to assessment, and reveal beneficial attributes of this approach. The study affirms significant potential for praxis-focused assessment to enhance online arts learning; an approach that may be useful in other online education courses where hands-on experience is central to learning.


We analyze communications between the SEC and firms prior to IPOs using LDA analysis and KL divergence. The SEC's concerns closely map onto the regulator's stated mandate: companies increase prospectus disclosures on precise topics of SEC concern. Revenue recognition is the dominant topic of SEC concern, and it is not independently discovered by investors. Increased SEC concern about it is associated with greater secondary sales, lower post-IPO liquidity, lower post-IPO returns, and a higher probability of withdrawal. The regulator's role during the capital raising process results in increased transparency but contributes to delays in the going public process.


This research is an effort to utilize a supply chain perspective to integrate sustainability into the Apparel and Textiles (AT) discipline in universities and colleges.


Vegetables have important roles in human being health; but vegetables are perishable, so people have to buy it at the nearest market as often as possible.  Madyopuro Market is a traditional market, located in Kedungkandang District in Malang City.  The aims of this study were to determine the consumer characteristics and to know the factors that influence consumer behaviour in buying fresh vegetables at Madyopuro Market.  Sampling was carried out using Accidental Sampling Method with 92 respondents.  Data collected by interviewing the respondents and analyzed descriptively and statistically.  The results showed that the characteristics of consumers who bought fresh vegetables at Madyopuro Market majority are women, married, 19-30 years old, had bachelor's degrees, with self-employed jobs and income of 2-4 million per month.  The analysis result show that the fresh vegetables attributes that attracts consumers to buy fresh vegetables at Madyopuro Market are the freshness, the match between price and quality, the cleanliness, and the brightness of vegetables.  Whereas the market attributes that attracts consumers are strategic location and cleanliness of the market, adequate parking facilities, friendliness of traders, rest room cleanliness, and the vegetables diversity in the market. Fresh vegetable attribute and market attributes variables simultaneously and partially have significant effect on consumer decision in buying fresh vegetables at Madyopuro Market.


Objective To investigate the role of p53 gene mutation(exons 5~8)in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma(NHL).Methods A PCR-SSCP method was used to detect the frequence of p53 point mutation in exons 5 to 8 in 47 patients with NHL.Results Mutation rate of p53 exons 5~8 was 48.94%(23/47).Exon 6 was found with the highest mutation rate of 17.02%,exon 8 with the second rate of 12.87%.The mutation rate in high grade group and low grade group was 50.00%(12/24) and 34.78%(8/23),respectively(P0.05);the mutation rate in T-cell and B-cell derived cases was 39.29%(11/28) and 47.37%(9/19),respectively(P0.05).Conclusion High mutation rate of p53 gene is present in NHL,which indicates that p53 gene mutation might play a role in pathogenesis and progression of NHL.


We introduce and evaluate measures of nonclassical correlation defined on the basis of a paradigm claiming that a multipartite system represented by a density matrix having no product eigenbasis possesses nonclassical correlation.


This work is concerned with time simulations of the response of flying flexible aircraft to initial conditions and external excitations, such as gusts. The simulations are based on a unified formulation of the problem of dynamics and control of maneuvering flexible aircraft developed recently by the authors. The formulation represents a seamless integration of pertinent material from the areas of analytical dynamics, structural dynamics, aerodynamics, and controls. It incorporates both the aircraft rigid-body motions and elastic deformations and it includes the aerodynamic, propulsion, gravity, and control forces, all in a rigorous manner. The formulation lends itself to efficient computer processing of the aircraft response. The formulation contains improvements over the earlier formulation by the authors in the form of a reduced-order structural model and newly designed, easier-to-implement controller and state observer. The corresponding time simulations are entirely new, and no similar results have been obtained by other investigators. The developments should help with the design of the new generation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and in particular with the design of autonomous UAVs controlled by autopilots.


I have been promoting the message in the title of this article since I became head of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 2009. Although workplace injury and fatality rates have decreased dramatically since OSHA was created, there remain voices doubting the effectiveness of OSHA's inspections. Now, there is a substantial body of empirical evidence showing that enforcement has a strong, positive impact for both workers and employers. Two studies published in this issue of the American Journal of Industrial Medicine and a paper published recently in the journal Science have convincingly demonstrated that OSHA inspections result in reduced injury risk. Moreover, employers who are inspected by OSHA generally see cost savings exceeding any penalties levied by inspectors. The result is that all the parties involved benefit from OSHA inspections: workers are less likely to be injured and employers' workers' compensation and other indirect costs are reduced. Examining the impact of federal OSHA inspections on workers' compensation claims among employees of Pennsylvania manufacturing firms, Haviland et al. [2012] report that where OSHA levies a penalty, injury claims fall by 19–24 percent per year during the next two years. Inspections without penalties showed little effect. This paper, ''A new estimate of the impact of OSHA inspections on manufacturing injury rates, 1998–2005'' continues a series of important studies on OSHA effectiveness by John Mendeloff, Wayne Gray and other researchers with the Rand Corporation and the University of Pittsburgh. Similar results were found by Foley et al. [2012] analyzing the impact of OSHA activities on workers' compensation injury claims in Washington State. These researchers, affiliated with the Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP) Program of the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, examined the effectiveness of inspections and free consultations among fixed site and non-fixed site (often construction) employers. In this study, the effect of enforcement was seen primarily in the prevention of injuries other than musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs). For those inspections resulting in a citation by Washington State OSHA, lost workday non-MSD claims fell 22 percent during the following year; if an employer had an inspection but no citation, the claims fell about 7 percent, compared with the baseline (no OSHA inspection) of 2 percent. Both studies are strikingly consistent with the findings of researchers at the Business Schools of the University of California Berkeley and Harvard University, who examined workers' compensation claims following California OSHA enforcement visits. Their findings are well summarized by the paper's title: ''Randomized government safety inspections reduce worker injuries with no detectable job loss.'' They found that workplace injury claims dropped 9.4 percent at businesses randomly chosen by researchers in the four years following an inspection by the California OSHA program, compared with employers not inspected. Furthermore, those same employers saved an average of 26 percent on workers' compensation costs. The positive effects of random inspections were seen among both small and large employers [Levine et al., 2012]. When OSHA compliance officers identify serious hazards, the agency assesses penalties. These penalties are generally not large, averaging a few thousand dollars except in unusual circumstances. It is my experience that Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor, Washington,District of Columbia The author reports no conflicts of interests. *Correspondence to: Dr. David Michaels, PhD, MPH, Assistant Secretary, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue,NW,RoomS2315,Washington,DC 20210.E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com


Today the surface plasmon‐polariton (SPP) waves propagating along the curve trajectory are the only plasmonic beams of the Airy family. Herein, a new class of curved surface plasmon wave, the photonic hook plasmon (PHP), is introduced. The PHP is created using the in‐plane focusing of the SPP wave through an asymmetric dielectric particle. This is fundamentally simpler than the generation of the SPP Airy‐family beams. The PHP propagates along a wavelength‐scaled curved trajectory with radius less than the SPP wavelength, which represents the smallest radius of curvature ever recorded for an SPP beam, and can exist despite the strong energy dissipation at metal surface.


This study analyzes the existing value chain of sweet potatoes in the Partido District of Camarines Sur, the Philippines. A combination of surveys and participant observation was utilized in the study. Four sociological perspectives were used in the interpretation and analysis of the data, such as new economic sociology, symbolic interactionism, role theory, and exchange network theory. Six components of the value chain were evaluated, such as (a) agents, roles, and links; (b) inputs, outputs and activities that generate transformation; (c) value addition and value allocation; (d) final products or a group of final products; (e) power relations and governance mechanisms; and (f) problems and opportunities shared by all agents. The study found four major links involving five actors – farmers/producers, middlemen or wholesalers, retailers, processors, and end consumers. Analysis of the sweet potato value chain shows that sweet potato production has great potential to improve the well-being of participants. Sweet potato production gave farmers an 81% net profit margin and contributed to 39% of their livelihood. However, there remain general production and utilization challenges and post-harvest and by-product processing issues. The study established the significance of embeddedness and the wider social structure for the sweet potato agribusiness and provided policy inputs for the development of the sweet potato value chain in the district.


Silver-containing chalcogenide glasses are potential candidates for electrical memory manufacturing. In order to study the glasses under dynamic conditions, using the temperature as the main parameter, a neutron thermodiffraction study of three Agx(Ge0.25Se0.75)100−x glasses (x = 5,15 and 25) was carried out. Two in situ diffraction experiments were performed: a first series including heating ramps from room temperature up to 350 °C and a second one comprising the measurement of an isotherm at about 300 °C for 5 h. For the three studied glasses two stable crystalline phases were formed during the heating process: the cubic Ag8GeSe6 appeared first, followed by the crystallization of monoclinic GeSe2. The crystallization process for the Ag-rich (x = 15 and 25) glasses was more complex, with the appearance of a new unstable phase at high temperature, i.e. Ag2GeSe3. Such a phase decomposed with time or temperature to produce a new phase, Ag10Ge3Se11, along with the stable GeSe2. This phase has never been reported to date while the existence of Ag2GeSe3 was still controversial.


The standard, scale-invariant, inflationary perturbation spectrum will be modified if the effects of trans-Planckian physics are incorporated into the dynamics of the matter field in a phenomenological manner, say, by the modification of the dispersion relation. The spectrum also changes if we retain the standard dynamics but modify the initial quantum state of the matter field. We show that, given any spectrum of perturbations, it is possible to choose a class of initial quantum states which can exactly reproduce this spectrum with the standard dynamics. We provide an explicit construction of the quantum state which will produce the given spectrum. We find that the various modified spectra that have been recently obtained from 'trans-Planckian considerations' can be constructed from suitable squeezed states above the Bunch-Davies vacuum in the standard theory. Hence, the CMB observations can, at most, be useful in determining the initial state of the matter field in the standard theory, but it can not help us to discriminate between the various Planck scale models of matter fields. We study the problem in the Schrodinger picture and determine the criterion for negligible back reaction due to modified initial conditions.


This paper consider design of buffers'capeities for the flow shop with deterministic parameters. Based co the results of blockingg analysis,the relation between the total production time and the buffers'capacities is derived And algorithms are proposed for suboptimal design of buffers'capacities.


An Angel of Arrival( AOA) tracking algorithm based on genetic neural network is proposed in this paper. The genetic algorithm is able to correct the initial weights of Back Propagation( BP) neural network and then the Non-Line-Of-Sight( NLOS) errors can be corrected by the optimized GA-BP neural network. Furthermore,the positions of Moblie Station( MS) can be estimated by Least-Square( LS) algorithm combined with correlation detection gate,and the MS is tracked by the Kalman filter. The simulation results show that the algorithm performance is better than traditional BP neural network and LS algorithm in the dynamic state.


Introduction
The United States Associated Pacific Islands (USAPI) comprise six jurisdictions, which have formal relationships with the United States. Our laboratory has provided culture and anti-mycobacteria susceptibility testing (AST) for the USAPIs for MTB, but have also identified NTM in the process. NTM are frequently grown from these samples, but there has been no data on their incidence to date. The objective of this epidemiological study is to access incidence and provide a baseline for further study on the association of NTM with respiratory disease.


nfection brought about by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), toxoplasmosis, is transmitted to the fetus via the placenta. Infection may progress in the expectant mother totally asymptomatically. However, such infections are particularly significant because of undesired consequences for the fetus. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity tests, which have come into use in recent years, make it possible to discriminate reliably between primary acute infections and reactivations, reinfections, or both, with a single serum sample. This discrimination has clinical value, particularly in pregnant women and immunosuppressive patients. Because appropriate use is not generally made of standard procedures and the time periods required by these in the immunoserological diagnosis of many infective illnesses, numerous difficulties are encountered in diagnosis and treatment. In general, the titration of different antibodies, and increases in the titer, are considered significant in immunoserological diagnosis. The determination of this requires a large amount of time. In the present study, IgG avidity tests, which have recently gained currency, will be taken into consideration and compared with classic methods in terms of optimal usage and early treatment.1 Sera from 879 women in the third trimester of pregnancy who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology policlinic of the Dicle University Faculty of Medicine between 9 April 2002 and 9 May 2003 were evaluated for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM by the classic enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique (Cobas Core II, Roche, USA). In patients determined to be positive for IgM, the same test was repeated the following week with new serum samples. Sera testing positive for both IgM and IgG and sera testing positive for IgG alone were stored at -20°C. Avidity tests (IgG avidity EIA Well; Radim, Italy) were performed with commercial kits. Results were interpreted as follows: avidity of greater than 30% was considered to be high, 20-30% was considered medium (gray region), and below 20% was considered low. A total of 879 serum samples taken from pregnant women in their third trimester were evaluated for Toxoplasma IgM and IgG by the classic ELISA technique. Of these sera, 21 (3.1%) tested positive for Toxoplasma IgM and IgG, and 305 (45.0%) for IgG alone. In patients found positive for both Toxoplasma IgM and IgG, the I ELISA test was repeated the following week with new serum samples, and the same results were obtained. All sera positive for both IgM and IgG, and as many of those positive for IgG alone as permitted by the number of kits, were analyzed by the IgG avidity test. In the evaluation of T. gondii avidity test results (Table 1), it was determined that 12 of the 21 patients testing positive for both IgM and IgG had a low avidity index (AI) (<20%), 6 had a medium AI (20-30%), and 3 had a high AI (>30%), and that only one of the patients testing positive for IgG alone had a low AI while the remaining 156 had high AIs. While primary Toxoplasma infections occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy may lead to severe malformations, this risk is minimal or nonexistent in infections occurring through reinfection, reactivation, or both. Hernanadez et al2 used the Vidas system to confirm positive results for IgM with ELISA in 89 serum samples collected from 1999 to 2002 in 20 patients suspected of toxoplasmosis. The IgG avidity was determined by the Liaison system. It was found that the sera taken from all but 9 of 20 IgM-positive patients had high IgG avidity, demonstrating the importance of the IgG avidity in excluding acute toxoplasmosis. Basiak et al3 tested 58 women with nodular toxoplasmosis and 34 women diagnosed with asymptomatic T. gondii infection for T. gondii antibodies at different times after the onset of infection using immunofluorescence assay (IFA), ELISA IgM, ELISA IgA, and IgG avidity tests. They determined that IFA had 76.2% sensitivity and 31-67% specificity, and that IgG avidity had 100% sensitivity and 41.7% specificity. It was found that all methods evaluated had only a limited value in the


ABSTRACT Background: Acetaminophen (N‐acetyl-p‐aminophenyl; APAP) is the leading drug used in self-poisoning and frequently causes hepatotoxicity, including acute liver failure. Objective: To provide descriptive data on the safety and efficacy of intravenous N‐acetylcysteine (IV‐NAC) in the treatment of APAP toxicity, based on information in the Hunter Area Toxicology Service (HATS) database involving residents of the Greater Newcastle Area of New South Wales, Australia. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all APAP overdoses from January 1987 to January 2003. Data were collected prospectively according to a published protocol and included patient characteristics, exposures to APAP and other potential toxins, treatments, and outcomes. Primary safety/tolerability endpoints included the mortality rate and incidence of adverse drug reactions, while efficacy endpoints included alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Results: Of 1749 patients, 399 (22.8%) were treated with IV‐NAC. Of these, 37 (9.3%) had an adverse drug reaction to IV‐NAC, of which seven (1.8% of total) were anaphylactoid. There were five deaths in hospital (mortality rate = 0.3%), including two attributed to APAP (0.1%) and none to IV‐NAC. Of 64 patients who were treated with IV‐NAC within 8 hours after APAP ingestion and had available ALT/AST data, two (3.1%) developed hepatotoxicity (AST/ALT > 1000 IU/L) compared with 32 (25%) of 128 patients receiving IV‐NAC > 8 hours after APAP ingestion ( p = 0.0002). A total of 26 patients (15.6%) receiving IV‐NAC treatment within 8 hours after APAP ingestion had hospitalization stays > 48 hours compared with 70 (33.3%) receiving IV‐NAC > 8 hours after ingestion ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: For patients with APAP overdose seen in the HATS database of New South Wales, Australia, in-hospital death was infrequent (< 1%) and hepatotoxicity was significantly less likely when IV‐NAC was administered within 8 hours after APAP ingestion compared with longer intervals ( p < 0.01). As a descriptive retrospective database analysis, this study could not exclude certain sources of bias, including temporal changes over the 16‐year course of data collection in the use of IV‐NAC and low ascertainment of mild, self-limiting reactions to IV‐NAC.


The ensemble forecast dominates the computational cost of many data assimilation methods, especially for high‐resolution and coupled models. In situations where the cost is prohibitive, one can either use a lower‐cost model or a lower‐cost data assimilation method, or both. Ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI) is a classical example of a lower‐cost ensemble data assimilation method that replaces the ensemble forecast with a single forecast and then constructs an ensemble about this single forecast by adding perturbations drawn from climatology. This research develops lower‐cost ensemble data assimilation methods that add perturbations to a single forecast, where the perturbations are obtained from analogs of the single model forecast. These analogs can either be found from a catalog of model states, constructed using linear combinations of model states from a catalog, or constructed using generative machine‐learning methods. Four analog ensemble data assimilation methods, including two new ones, are compared with EnOI in the context of a coupled model of intermediate complexity: Q‐GCM. Depending on the method and on the physical variable, analog methods can be up to 40% more accurate than EnOI.


Aphids are serious pests of crop plant species, and host plant resistance is often the most effective and environmentally friendly control strategy to control these pests. One of these aphid pests is the black currant - lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosely), an economically important pest of cultivated lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. Host plant resistance has been used since 1982 to control this aphid species and is mediated by the Nr-gene, originating from wild lettuce Lactuca virosa L. However, this resistance is not effective anymore, since N. ribisnigri aphids virulent to the Nr-resistance have been reported since 2007. The aim of this thesis was to unravel the mechanism of resistance mediated by the Nr-gene against N. ribisnigri, by behavioural studies on the aphids on both resistant and susceptible lettuce, to allow lettuce breeders to accelerate their resistance breeding programmes. Although the exact mechanism of Nr-mediated resistance remains unknown, the data in this thesis provide insight into this mechanism. The active site of the Nr-mediated resistance is mainly located in the phloem and some resistance might be encountered by the aphids along the pathway to the phloem. The inability of the avirulent aphids to feed from the resistant plant could be caused by the failure of aphids to suppress the wound response of the sieve element. The resistance factor(s) are only produced in the shoot, because grafts with resistant shoots and susceptible roots were resistant, whereas grafts with susceptible shoots and resistant roots remained susceptible. An intact vascular system is needed for full resistance, because both detached leaves and leaf disks of resistant lettuce plants were less resistant. Variation in virulence was observed among populations of different geographical origin. Aphids from a highly virulent population performed equally well on both resistant and susceptible lettuce plants, whereas semi-virulent aphids performed better on susceptible lettuce plants. Both short-term and long-term virulence loss were observed for virulent aphid populations differing in virulence level, which indicates this virulence is associated with fitness costs. A possible mechanism underlying virulence in N. ribisnigri to the Nr-resistance is the presence of an effector protein in the salivary secretion of the aphids suppressing resistance. Virulent aphids seemed to actively suppress the resistance in lettuce against the avirulent aphids. The original donor or the Nr-resistance, L. virosa accession IVT 280, was tested as possible source of new resistance against the virulent biotypes of N. ribisnigri and was foundfully resistant against virulent aphids, and can be exploited as a source of resistance in breeding for new resistance in cultivated lettuce.


Good leadership requires commitment, a sense of purpose, and a feeling for what is possible, but does not necessarily require the presence of a single individual called "the leader." The successful educational undertaking described here exhibits a form of distributed leadership, where many individuals and organizations cooperate to achieve a common end without a clearly defined leader or unified organizational structure.


The following six aspects in the utilization of lake resources and progress of limnological research in China are described : 1 . Expeditions for comprehensive investigation of lakes ; 2 . Physical limnology; 3 . Lacustrine sedimentology and paleolimnology ; 4 . Hydrobiology and ecology ; 5 . Hydrochemistry and environmental protection; 6 . Development and utilization of lake resources.


The minibus taxi industry was founded by the black community and continues to mainly serve this community. The industry expanded within the framework of the policy of deregulation of the apartheid government. After twenty-six years of democracy, South Africa is still haunted by an informal and unregulated minibus taxi industry. The regulation of the industry has been sought over the years without success. While the state subjects the industry to social control through the entry regulation and route allocation, the state is characterised by a pattern of strategic selectivity (in relation to public transport plans) which shows that institutions (departments) privilege some actors over others. Government practices strategic selectivity by privileging the formalised public transport – buses and trains – over the informal minibus taxi industry. The state has failed to regulate the industry due to a lack of engagement with different actors in the industry. Against this background, this article examines the failed regulation of the industry by the state. It was only through the 2020 National Taxi Lekgotla (a national meeting for the minibus taxi industry) during the October Transport Month that government successfully engaged with the taxi industry, albeit without the participation of the National Taxi Alliance. Using qualitative research methods, the author interviewed research participants to investigate the context of precariousness in South Africa's minibus taxi industry. The author discovered that while the industry is characterised by precarious practices resulting from the employers, these practices are also due to the lack of strategic intervention in the industry as displayed by the state. The author performed a thematic analysis of all the interviews conducted.


Human bikunin is a glycoprotein that exhibits trypsin inhibitory activity against serine proteases, and is effective in clinic. However, limited productivity and high price of human bikunin retard its further application. In this study, a high‐yield, low‐cost process of recombinant human bikunin (rh‐bikunin) production from Pichia pastoris was established. The trypsin inhibitory activity reached 6·2 × 103 IU ml−1 after 120 h induction of P. pastoris fermentation process, which was 20‐fold higher than that of the previous yield. Furthermore, a simple and low‐cost purification process, including ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion exchange adsorption of impurity and cation exchange chromatography, was developed with the results of 38·7% recovery and 96·6% purity of rh‐bikunin. This work made a big step to improve bikunin further application in clinic.


Process for the purification of 1,1-bis (chlorophenyl) -2,2,2-trichloroethanol technician to reducing its impurity content regarding DDT based on the technical dicofol dissolution in a solvent comprising a mixture WATER AND COMPOSITE group of DELETILENGLICOL monomethyl ether, acetonitrile, hydroxyacetone or dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain a solution which is extracted with n-decane, separating the phases RESULTING; RECOVER Dicofol extracted by the N-DEAN, BY reextraction PHASE WITH DEAN N-BLENDED COMPOUND AND WATER SAID FIRST AND RECOVER dicofol purified PHASE POLAR.


TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. THE NEW AGE OF MEDICAL RECORDS A. Traditional (Paper-Based) Medical Records B. Electronic Medical Records, Personal Health Records, and Health Information Exchanges 1. Electronic Medical Records 2. Personal Health Records 3. Health Information Exchanges C. Benefits and Potential Problems of Personal Health Records II. THE CURRENT STATE OF HEALTH CARE PRIVACY LAW A. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) 1. What is HIPAA? 2. The Privacy Rule 3. The Security Rule B. HIPAA and PHR Vendors III. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO PROTECT PHR PRIVACY? A. Why Should PHRs Be Afforded Privacy Protection or Regulation? B. The Ineffectiveness of FTC Enforcement of PHR Vendor Privacy Policies C. Amend HIPAA To Include PHR Vendors as Covered Entities D. New Federal Law To Govern PHR Privacy and Security CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Imagine the following scenario: John, a fifty-three-year-old attorney from Virginia is on vacation in California visiting friends he has not seen since law school. While out at dinner, John appears to have a stroke, and his friends rush him to the nearest hospital. John arrives at the emergency room unresponsive. His friends, knowing nothing of John's medical history, cannot tell the emergency room doctors some vital information that would be helpful for John's diagnosis. John is deteriorating. Without time to wait for lab results, the emergency room doctor administers an appropriate amount of Heparin, a commonly used anticoagulant used to counteract the effects of the stroke. (1) Unfortunately, the treatment has an adverse effect, causing John to bleed internally. John dies shortly after his arrival at the hospital, leaving his friends distraught and his doctors scratching their heads. What is wrong with this story? Strokes are common medical problems, and modern medicine has advanced to the point where having a stroke is not normally a life-threatening occurrence. John did not die from a stroke; he died from a lack of information. John's friends did not know that two years prior, John had a Mitral valve replacement and had been on prescription Coumadin, a blood thinner, ever since. John could not convey this information to anyone as he was unconscious. The doctor had no access to John's medical records, stored at a hospital in Virginia, which clearly document John's prior procedures and current prescriptions. With this information, John's doctor could have chosen an alternative mode of treatment, and John would have survived. Doctors and other medical professionals rely on information supplied by the patient and the patient's medical record in making their decisions. A patient's medical record gives a doctor all of the relevant information needed to make an informed and calculated decision about the patient's care and allows the doctor to take into account many factors, including preexisting conditions, prescriptions, changes in diet, and family medical history, among others. With this information, a patient's doctor can perform the medical calculus and decide the best course of treatment for the patient. Recently, a new tool has been introduced that aims to make John's unfortunate story a thing of the past: the personal health record (PHR). A PHR, though a new concept without a uniform definition, has been characterized as "an electronic record of individually identifiable health information on an individual that is drawn from multiple sources and that is managed, shared, and controlled by or for the individual." (2) In essence, a PHR is a medical record owned by the patient, not her doctor or hospital, that can be accessed, usually via the Internet, by the patient, her health care providers, insurance companies, and others to whom the patient authorizes access. …


Preface 1. Introduction: Neo-liberal Globalisation, Socialism and Anti-Imperialist State Resistance 2. Conceptualising Cuban Socialism: The Pillars of the Revolution 3. The Causes and Consequences of Cuba's Crisis in the 1990's 4. Structural Adjustments and Social Forces in Cuba: How Cuba's Economic Model Was Shaped by Global Trends 5. Conclusions and Considerations Bibliography Index


Generative techniques, while normally associated with programming languages or code generation, may also be used to produce non-executable artifacts (e.g., configuration or toolchain artifacts). Coupled with domain-specific modeling, generative techniques provide a way to consolidate toolchains and complex domains into a relatively compact space, by providing generators that produce artifacts in the appropriate semantic domain. This paper describes the motivation and usage of one such environment, in the domain of hybrid systems, as well as discussion and goals for future research.


The inherent drawbacks of the traditional power grid and distributed energy resources are increasingly restricting the development of power systems. The micro-grid integrating of a variety of new green energy and having perfect self-control can meet the load demand and achieve sustainable development of environment at the same time. The basic definitions, system structure, the control strategy and the last research of micro-grid through a comprehensive literature review are presented. The literature analyzes the power supply control, power quality control and overall control and points out the characteristics and deficiencies of each control mode. Finally, some prospects of micro-grid on research findings in China were proposed.


X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) has emerged as a powerful tool in petroleum industry for non-destructive 3D imaging of rock samples that offers micronscale resolution images of the distribution of the rock specimens. μCT enables the modelling of the geomechanical and transport properties [Golab et al., 2010] of rocks. μCT obtains the radiographic projections of a sample at different angles and uses a mathematical procedure to reconstruct a 3D tomogram of the sample's X-ray attenuation coefficients. Attenuation coefficient is a quantity that describes to what extent the X-ray beam is reduced as it passes through a sample. Through my thesis, the aim was to investigate and improve the two main issue from which μCT suffers: 1) μCT X-ray sources typically emit polychromatic X-rays. When an X-ray beam passes through a sample, the low energy photons (or soft X-rays) are attenuated more readily, leaving a beam consisting of more high energy photons (or hard X-rays), i.e., "X-ray beam hardening" (BH). Therefore the recorded attenuation, given by the logarithm of the ratio of the attenuated and incoming X-ray beam, i.e., Beer-Lambert law, is no longer a linear function of material thickness. If this nonlinear effect is not compensated for, the tomograms will be corrupted by severe edge, "cupping artefact" and "streaks" between dense materials. Apart from these visual aspects, quantitative problems may arise, thus, these artefacts make subsequent tomogram segmentation and analysis difficult. 2) μCT produce micro resolution structural images of a sample but not the compositional information. Although μCT can discriminate sample materials with totally different attenuation coefficients, there are samples such as rocks that include materials with similar attenuation coefficients at one energy spectra. In that case, the attenuation coefficients of materials in an altered energy spectra may be different. This thesis contributes in addressing the above mentioned fundamental issues in μCT by providing "energy selective techniques" in: 1) BH correction and 2) material characterisation. These methods consider the energy dependency of attenuation coefficients and polychromatic nature of X-rays. The structure of thesis is as follows: Chapter 1 provides an overview of the basics of tomography with special emphasis on the physics and production process of X-ray, the interaction of X-rays with matter at different energies, and presenting the full energy dependent form of attenuation coefficients and image reconstruction in CT. These concepts form the basis for understanding BH artefacts and correction techniques. One can proceed a step


01 The present paper makes a systematic and thematic analysis of the novel ―A strange Sublime Address‖ by Amit Chaudhuri. It expounds how far Amit Chaudhuri presents his apocalyptic vision of the Indian Society. This paper brings out the theme of apocalypticism, fragmentation and explores his fiction style, and concentrated on exploring the various aspects of local culture and its innumerable manifestation as portrayed in Chaudhuri's novel. His fictional dimension is restricted in as much as he has restricted himself to the depiction of the BengaliMiddle class and its culture. He is acutely viable to the power of literature as a channel of cultural signification. Its direct and contemporary significance rests in its competence to consider a conscientiously hybrid world where private interests and details take over public significance.


Ren and Canavero's frustration with their critics is due to, in their words, the "failure of peer review" (2017, 200). They got the diagnosis right but for the wrong reasons. Their failure to engag...


It is said by non-APL-programmers that APL code is hard to read and that it is unstructured. Here we argue that APL-programmers may refute this assertion by pointing out some misunderstandings, but admittedly a final analysis will show a deeper truth in these criticisms. We will show that APL gives ample opportunity for unstructured code. Two proposals are presented to address this problem.The first rejects the developed convention for labelling and suggests the adoption of a proper style of programming enforced by a new standard of labelling. This standard will abolish unstructured code. Both negative and positive aspects of this proposal are discussed.The second proposal revives an old idea of introducing one single proper control structure into the language. This would make the current jump (→) superfluous and enforce structured code.


Kap's equation is a stiff initial value problem. This paper deals with the treatment of Kap's equation using a class of 4th order explicit Runge–Kutta method. Numerical computation was carried out using Microsoft Visual C++. The results of the computation were found to be highly accurate and consistent with minima errors. A comparison of the results generated from the scheme was also carried out vis-a-vis some other conventional explicit Runge–Kutta formulae. The proposed class of method was found to compare favourably well.

 Key words: Kap's equation, stiffness, initial value problems, multiderivative explicit Runge-Kutta method, fourth-order method.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-13(IL-13) of serum on the mechanism of asthma.Methods:The level of IL-4 and IL-13 of serum in 46 patients with acute asthmatic and 46 healthy controls were determined by ELISA.Results:Compared with healthy controls the level of IL-4 and IL-13 with patients was significantly increased(460 ^84±27 ^11)ng/L and (132 ^97±24 ^66)ng/L,P0.001 and(23 ^75±5 ^44)ng/L and (12 ^61±2 ^49)ng/L,P0.001.Conclusions:The results showed that IL-4 and IL-13 may be acted on the mechanism of asthma and play an important effect on nonspecific inflammation and local immunoreaction of the airway of bronchial asthma.


Extracellular tissue spaces are compared using inulin, sucrose, chloride and sodium in hearts perfused with Ringer-Locke solution by Langendorff's method. Also chloride and sodium spaces are given for unperfused, fresh hearts. From the inulin spaces the intracellular chloride, sodium, potassium and water concentrations in both perfused and unperfused heart chambers have been calculated. Data showing the specificity of the atrium and ventricles of the heart are presented.


We have studied the pressure and temperature dependences of Hall electron concentration and mobility in degenerated, not intentionally doped InN samples. The results obtained for a whole set of samples with electron concentrations from 5.4 × 1017 cm–3 to 3.3 × 1018 cm–3 consistently revealed the existence of a localized donor type state resonant with the conduction band. The concentration of this state is of the same order in all studied samples and not exceeds 1018 cm–3. Population of this state determines electrical properties of InN samples with low carrier concentration. This donor state is not the main source of conducting electrons in these not intentionally doped samples and can be entirely populated and hidden in samples with high electron concentration exceeding about 3 × 1018 cm–3. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


An anomalous constant acceleration of (8.7 ± 1.3) × 10 −8 cm.s −2 directed toward the Sun has been discovered by Anderson et al. in the motion of the Pioneer 10/11 and Galileo spacecrafts. In parallel, the WMAP results have definitively established the existence of a cosmological constant � = 1/L 2 , and therefore of an invariant cosmic length-scale LU = 2.85 ± 0.25 Mpc. We show that the existence of this invariant scale definitively implements Mach's principle in Einstein's theory of general relativity. Then we demonstrate, in the framework of an exact cosmological solution of Einstein's field equations which is valid both locally and globally, that the definition of inertial systems ultimately depends on this length-scale. As a consequence, usual local coordinates are not inertial, so that the motion of a free body is expected to contain an additional constant acceleration aP = c 2 / p 3 LU = (5.9±0.5)×10 −8 cm.s −2 . Such an effect represents a major contribution to the Pioneer acceleration. The recent definitive proof of the existence, in Einstein's general relativity equations, of a cosmological constant term � = 0.73 ± 0.05 [1] (or of an equivalent contribution coming e.g. from vacuum energy) can be considered as a corner stone in the history of cosmology. We shall in this paper investigate one of its possible consequences: namely, its very existence allows the full theory of general relativity to come under Mach's principle, as was initially required by Einstein in its construction.


There were examined 97 schoolchildren middle age 14,5±0,35 years, during inpatient treatment with a diagnosis somatophorm vegetative dysfunction, neuroculatory dystonic on cardial type. The examination program for schoolchildren consisted of apparatus examination comprised. At urban schoolchildren aged 12-14 with neuroculatory dystonic on cardial type there was revealed authentically more often sinus tachycardia, burden attributes on heart left ventricle in comparison with rural schoolchildren of the similar age , while at urban schoolchildren aged 15-17 authentically more often there was diagnosed sinus nodule dysfunction. At urban schoolchildren aged 12-14, in comparison with rural pupils, time parameter SDANN is authentically reduced, sympathico - parasympathico tone is authentically higher than norm; at senior age group the similar parameter at urban schoolchildren was authentically lower than norm.


The CLEO collaboration reported observation of the `wrong sign' decay $D^0 \to K^+\pi^-$ in 1993. Upgrades have been made to the CLEO detector, including installation of a silicon vertex detector, which provide substantial improvements in sensitivity to $D^0 \to K^+\pi^-$. The vertex detector enables the reconstruction of the proper lifetime of the $D^0$, and so provides sensitivity to $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ mixing. We will give preliminary results on the rate of `wrong sign' decay and $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ mixing using data from the $9.1 fb^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity that has been accumulated with the upgrades in place. In addition, we will give sensitivity estimates of on-shell $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ mixing derived from measurement of the lifetime measured with decays of the $D^0$ to CP eigenstates such as $K^+K^-, \pi^+\pi^-$, and $K_S\phi$.


The phenomenon of reversion of Bazilians to Islam has been troubling scientists of religion, sociologists and anthropologists. The search for a religion that causes a double break, ethnic and religious brings itself an estrangement. This research describes, succinctly, forms of Islam insertion in Brazilian lands, the phenomenon of reversion and the main constructions and deconstructions based on theoretical savings of symbolic exchanges of Pierre Bourdieu. To do so, it used data obtained from the sample of a group of reversed in the Pari's mosque - SP, in 2013, where a qualitative and quantitative research was applied. Results were described as the main producers of symbolic goods in Islam, the main forms of consumption of the converted people and the transubstantiation of religious symbols of Christianity to Islam


New As-based filled skutterudite compounds GdFe4As12 and TbFe4As12 have been synthesized under high pressure. The samples have a cubic structure with lattice parameters a=8.3024 Å, and 8.2961 Å, respectively. Both compounds show metallic behavior and a pronounced kink at low temperature in the temperature dependence of resistivity. Magnetic measurements revel that GdFe4As12 and TbFe4As12 exhibit a ferromagnetic-like phase transition at 56K and 38K, respectively. The unexpectedly high transition temperatures could be related to the interaction of Gd (or Tb) 4f moments with Fe 3d moments.


The study aims to develop a method to digitize a clothing pattern without a digitizer. For this study, we address the following objectives: formulate a hypothesis of the method, describe the method's algorithm, and perform testing and evaluation of the developed method. The idea of the developed method is as follows: digitizing the clothing patterns might be achieved without digitizer by applying modification tools of the pattern design systems to the digital simple geometrical forms constructed directly in the graphical environment of the system. Testing and evaluation of the developed method confirmed the initial hypothesis. The achieved result of the current study is the alternative method to digitize clothing patterns when it is necessary to avoid additional costs.