Author: Sa'Ed ARafat Tit le: Numerical Analysis of the Viscous Flow in a Supersonic Diffuser. Ins t i tu t ion: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Degree: Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering Year: 1994 The goal of a diffuser is to transform kinetic energy into potential energy with minimum losses in total pressure. Existing supersonic diffusers are based on compression through shock waves. This process is inherently inefficient because of the large losses caused by the shocks. We investigate by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) the viscous flow in a supersonic diffuser designed by means of inviscid theory to produce a shock-free isentropic compression. The design is based on the combination of elementary flows. Two simple wave regions connected by a sink flow are used to take a uniform supersonic flow at one Mach number to a uniform supersonic flow at a lower Mach number. The theory gives a n exact solution for two-dimensional flow. Hie shape of the diffuser depends on the entrance and exit Mach numbers. For a given inlet Mach number, there is a minimum outlet Mach number determined by a limit line that forms a t the throat. Multiple stage diffusers may be used to reduce the Mach number and minimize the shock losses. The results indicate the existence of oblique shock waves and flow separation. Nevertheless, the diffuser efficiency is very high when compared to existing diffuser data. The diffusers may be used for engine inlets or supersonic wind tunnels. Only laminar flows are considered.


The soil bulk density in four sampling areas in Platycladus orientalis plantation forests and Robinia pseudoacacia forest of Quanshan Nature Reserve in Xuzhou are determined and compared with that in bare area.The results show that there's no rule of the variation between undergrowth soil bulk density and soil porosity and the depth;while the rule of the variation of undergrowth soil spatial structure is clear.Regardless at what time the soil bulk density gets larger with the soil gets deeper while the soil porosity gets smaller with the soil gets deeper,besides,the effects of Platycladus orientalis plantation forests is larger than that of Robinia pseudoacacia forest.Besides,the soil bulk density of park greenery plot soil is larger than that of bare area and the soil bulk density gets smaller by the humus of plantation,which makes the penetration and retentivity fertilizer get better.


Law rence will be rep resen ted by tw o stmlentH a t th e n a tio n a l conference of M ethodist chureli stu d en ts , which th is y e a r i* to lie held a t L ouisville, K y., April 18, ly and JO, accord ing to a n  nouncem ent of l)r. Jo h n K. Denyes, profi-ssor of Religion, who is in charge lora lly . I 'p to tim e of going to press, how ever, th e tw o s tu d en ts to go from here h:id not been decided upon. The conference is th e mo.st im p o rt an t in th e church y ea r fo r s tu d en ts of th e M ethodist E piscopal fa ith , and , a c  cording to advance in fo rm ation re la tiv e to it, Is th is y e a r especially im portan t because of th e several v ita l m a tte rs , v i ta l to th e fu tu re life o f th e denom in a tio n , which a re to come befo re it fo r a tte n tio n . One of th e m ost im p o rtan t, if not the p rim ary m a tte r th a t will come before the convention , is th e question re la tiv e to the jo in in g o f th e northern and sou thern b ranches o f th e church. in ad d itio n , world problem s w ill be discussed a t open m eetings and by e x  p erts on th e in te rn a tio n a l situ a tio n , while au th o ritie s in various fields will be called in to p resen t problem s not on ly of religious tren d bu t w ith respect to the whole o f th e world iu which we a re living. Come From A ll U. S. Colleges and un ivers ities from a ll ov  er th e t 'n ite d S ta te s a re p lann ing to »end de leg ates to the g a th e rin g , and Law rence in so doing lines its e lf up w ith th e forem ost of th e h igher insti lo tion* of learn ing in th e nation . Selection of th e tw o L aw rence de le  g a te s wax to be m ade in much th e same m anner, acco rd ing to Or. I>enyc», as were th e 1-awrence rep re sen ta tiv es to th e recent S tu d e n t V olun teer conven tion a t Ind ianapolis . T hey will be ex pected again to |>ay a p a rt o f th e ir ex


This paper reviews the concept of fair value adjustments in relation to adjustments that could arise due to counterparty default risk and funding needs. Using a simple economy of a market, a firm and its counterparty, the relationship between the credit value and funding value adjustments of the firm is established. It is shown that the cost of funding from the market does not play any role in the fair valuation of the firm's OTC portfolios. It's main role is to offset the market-facing credit benefit. The credit benefit and the credit charge, that the firm faces its counterparty, will still be the main contributors to the fair value adjustment. Using the allocated cash account which manages the funding of the firm's portfolio with the counterparty, the paper provides a method of calculating the funding cost facing the market. An illustration of a set of four simple scenarios for different cashflow schedules is also provided. The author is seeking feedback. Please contact the author for an updated copy.


We report a patient with semantic dementia who demonstrated a very unusual dyslexia. He had a global loss of conceptual knowledge in the context of a fluent dysphasia and intact syntax. However, he did not have the surface dyslexia which is typical of semantic dementia; rather his reading impairment was characterized by speech production errors resulting in multiple neologisms. In a series of experiments it was established that input phonological and input orthographical processing were intact as was output phonology for naming and propositional speech. We demonstrate that our patient has a task-specific phonological deficit and we argue that reading and propositional speech rely upon dissociable phonological output systems. Thus we corroborate our earlier evidence of task-specific phonological output stores (Crutch and Warrington, 2001). We also document a greater difficulty with comprehending the written than the spoken word. We account for this pattern of performance in terms of our patient's attempting to read by the indirect phonological route, as with other semantic dementia patients, but suggest that this process is overridden by the task-specific speech production deficit.


Timber trusses in an industrial warehouse sustained damage due to excessive snow loads. The owner asked the writer's firm to evaluate the severity of the damage, determine the safe load-carrying capacity of the trusses, and evaluate a proposed repair method to increase their load-carrying capacity. This paper is unique in that it discusses the engineer's role in developing and executing a full-scale load test of timber trusses.


Successful and reliable publishing is dependent on expert, objective and timely peer review. The Editorial team greatly appreciates the goodwill, time and effort that goes into writing these reviews and I would like to thank all those who have reviewed for the BJD during 2012. Peer-reviewers are entitled to a 25% discount on all Wiley books. To take advantage of the discount, visit http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-302237.html and quote Allen Stevens as your editorial contact.


A nuclear magnetic resonance method has been used to study the binding of atropine and eserine to purified squid acetylcholinesterase (EC 126.96.36.199). The dissociation constant, KD, and the linewidth of the acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor complex, Δνbound, for atropine and eserine were estimated from the linewidth changes of the N-methyl and phenyl group resonances of atropine and from the N-methyl and C-methyl group resonances of eserine resulting from association with the enzyme. The results indicate that there is at least one binding site on the enzyme surface for atropine and one for eserine. Further evidence that the two sites are distinct is demonstrated by the fact that gallamine displaces atropine from its site without competing with eserine.


Two complexes, [Mn 2 (etsalim) 4 (Hetsalim) 2 )(ClO 4 ) 2 (1), and [Mn(mesalim) 2 (OAc)(MeOH)].MeOH (2), in which Hmesalim and Hetsalim are methyl and ethyl salicylimidate, respectively, have been synthesized, fully characterized by X-ray analyses, magnetic susceptibility, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, and their catalase activity has been studied. Complex 1 is dinuclear and shows an Mn-Mn distance of 3.37 A while complex 2 is mononuclear. Both complexes catalyze the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide into water and dioxygen; they show very high catalase activity exhibiting saturation kinetics in the presence of NaOH. The rate and turnover number of the catalyzed reaction increase dramatically when a few equivalents of base (NaOH) are added to the reaction mixture. The turnover numbers for hydrogen peroxide disproportionation increase from approximately 200 to more than 1500 per manganese ion in less than 2 min for both complexes after addition of a few equivalents of NaOH. Kinetic studies of the catalyzed reaction performed on the dinuclear complex 1 in the presence of 5 equiv. of NaOH, gives k c a t = 807 s - 1 (′ 16) and K M = 0.091 M (′ 0.003). The effective catalytic efficiency is k c a t /K M = 8900 M - 1 s - 1 . The kinetic parameters of the mononuclear complex 2 in the presence of 5 equiv. of NaOH, are k c a t = 190 s - 1 (′ 4) and K M = 0.022 M (′ 0.001). The effective catalytic efficiency is k c a t /K M = 8600 M - 1 s - 1 . The catalase activity of the mononuclear complex, [Mn(mesalim) 2 Cl) (3) has also been studied, and it shows turnover numbers that are comparable to those of complex 2. ESI-MS analyses in deuterated solvents have been used to understand the nature of the active species formed on addition of 5 equiv. of NaOH.


Friction stir welding (FSW) process is a promising solid state joining process with the potential to join low melting point materials below re-crystallization temperature. The most attractive reason for this is the avoidance of solidification defects formed during conventional fusion welding processes. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of welding parameters on the tensile properties of 2mm thin sheet 5052-H34 aluminium alloy joints produced by friction stir welding. Taguchi method is a powerful technique for the design of high quality systems. This technique has been widely used in engineering design for its, efficient and systematic statistical approach to optimize design performance, quality and cost over a verity of conditions. The L9 orthogonal array has been used to design the experiments, and the experiments have been conducted in vertical milling machine. The main influencing parameters in FSW are tool rotational speed, traversing speed and pressure applied on the faying surfaces. After welding, the weld strength and percentage elongation have been evaluated using uniaxial tensile test. Based on the experimental data the results are then analyzed by using ANOVA statistical tools. This paper experimentally proves and suggests the optimized process parameter values to attain maximum tensile strength in butt joint configuration.


We propose a general approach for encouraging fairness in survival analysis models that is based on minimizing a worst-case error across all subpopulations that are "large enough" (occurring with at least a user-specified probability threshold). This approach can be used to convert a wide variety of existing survival analysis models into ones that simultaneously encourage fairness, without requiring the user to specify which attributes or features to treat as sensitive in the training loss function. From a technical standpoint, our approach applies recent methodological developments of distributionally robust optimization (DRO) to survival analysis. The complication is that existing DRO theory uses a training loss function that decomposes across contributions of individual data points, i.e., any term that shows up in the loss function depends only on a single training point. This decomposition does not hold for commonly used survival loss functions, including for the standard Cox proportional hazards model, its deep neural network variants, and many other recently developed survival analysis models that use loss functions involving ranking or similarity score calculations. We address this technical hurdle using a sample splitting strategy. We demonstrate our DRO approach by using it to create fair versions of a diverse set of existing survival analysis models including the classical Cox model (and its deep neural network variant DeepSurv), the discrete-time model DeepHit, and the neural ODE model SODEN. For all of these models, we show that our DRO variants often score better on recently established fairness metrics (without incurring a significant drop in accuracy) compared to existing survival analysis fairness regularization techniques, including ones which directly use sensitive demographic information in their training loss functions. Our code is available at: https://github.com/discovershu/DRO_COX .


A panel 30 in. long, 11.5 in. wide, with a 2.0 in. diameter hole at the center is analyzed. Since a two-dimensional analysis is conducted, the thickness of the panel is taken as unity. Owing to the symmetry, it is sufficient to analyze only one fourth of the panel with appropriate boundary conditions.


Many different dietary supplements are currently marked for the management of hepatic illness, but the evidence for effectiveness is mixed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of white and green tea extracts in a rifampicin-induced hepatic damage model of rats. In this study 55 male wistar albino rats were divided into 11 groups of 5 animal, named: normal control, hepatotoxic control with rifampicin (150 mg/kg), hepatotoxic with silymarin, hepatotoxic treated with green tea (250 and 500 mg/kg aqueous extract), hepatotoxic treated with white tea (250 and 500 mg/kg aqueous extract) and preventive groups of green and white tea with mentioned above doses. After 3 weeks treatment with green and white tea, a significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, malondialdehyde and liver enzymes was observed. In the cases of white tea these changes was notable and dose-dependently improved liver function compared with green tea. The results obtained in this study suggest white tea is much more effective than green tea for prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver injury.


We revisit the Affleck-Dine leptogenesis via the L H_u flat direction with a light slepton field. Although the light slepton field is favored in low-energy SUSY phenomenologies, such as the muon g - 2 anomaly and bino-slepton coannihilation, it may cause a problem in the Affleck-Dine leptogenesis: it may create an unwanted charge-breaking vacuum in the Affleck-Dine field potential so that the Affleck-Dine field is trapped during the course of leptogenesis. We investigate the conditions under which such an unwanted vacuum exists and clarify that both thermal and quantum corrections are important for the (temporal) disappearance of the charge-breaking minimum. We also confirm that if the charge-breaking vacuum disappears due to the thermal or quantum correction, the correct baryon asymmetry can be produced while avoiding the cosmological gravitino problem.


The paper addresses the issue of improving retrieval performance management for retrieval from document collections that exist on the Internet. It also comes with a solution that uses the benefits of the agent technology and genetic algorithms in the process of the information retrieving management. The most important paradigms of information retrieval are mentioned having the goal to make more evident the advantages of using the genetic algorithms based one. Within the paper, also a genetic algorithm that can be use for the proposed solution is detailed and a comparative description between the dynamic and static proposed solution is made. In the end, new future directions are shown based on elements presented in this paper. The future results look very encouraging.


The invention relates to a device for debugging programmable chip and a FPGA (field programmable gate array) chip. The device comprises: a physics layer which is connected with the debugging main computer outside the programmable chip, a decoding operation module, an encoding operation module, a command operation module, and a debugging port which is used for providing the interface that can obtain signal status information for the command operation module. The FPGA (field programmable gate array) chip comprises the device which is used for debugging the programmable chip and the debugging port. The invention also relates to a complex PLD (programmable logic device) chip, which comprises the device that is used for debugging programmable chip and the debugging port. In the technical proposal above, the device for debugging the programmable chip has simple structure without consuming hardware source, greatly reduces the complexity, and is convenient for realization in low-end programmable chip, and greatly improves the universality of the debugging device.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Kunii, Hino and Tomita. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Molecular pathology in psychiatric diseases: frontiers of postmortem brain research


A practical synthesis method of nizofenone was studied.Nizofenone was synthesized from 1-benzyl-imidazole to give 1-benzyl-2-diethylaminomethyl-imidazole.1-benzyl-2-diethylaminomethyl-imidazole reacted with 2,2'-chloro-5-nitro-dibenzone to give the target product with the corresponding overall yield and purity of 71.3% and 99.0%.


A study of a tide-influenced deltaic sandstone investigated geologic variations that affect hydrocarbon production in analogous reservoirs. The Cretaceous-aged Frewens Allomember was deposited by a delta prograding into a narrow shoreline embayment between an older, wave-dominated delta lobe to the south and a basin-floor ridge created by subtle structural uplift to the north. The Frewens Allomember is exposed in outcrops of the Frontier Formation in central Wyoming (United States). It comprises two 5-km-wide by 20-km-long upward-coarsening sandstone bodies. Each body contains basinward-dipping internal beds. Heterolithic beds capped by extensive shale drapes record episodic tidal deposition in the lower portions of the sandstone bodies, whereas sandier cross-stratified beds in the upper parts of bodies record stronger and more uniformly ebb-directed currents. During diagenesis, calcite concretions formed preferentially at the top of the upper sandstone body as water circulated down from overlying shales. Diagrams of bedding, facies, calcite concretions, and bed-draping shales were compiled from high-resolution photomosaics and field observations. Sedimentologic logs, field permeameter measurements, and thin-section observations describe petrophysical properties of facies in the delta lobes. Variograms quantify the spatial correlation of permeability in lithofacies. The lengths of bed-draping shales were estimated from outcrop data using a termination frequency model. The spatial distribution of concretions was modeled with indicator geostatistics. Flow models integrated bedding geometry, lithofacies, and petrophysical properties in an appropriate structure for reservoir simulation. These models were used to analyze sensitivity of reservoir behavior to different geologic features and to investigate methods for modeling and upscaling interwell-scale heterogeneity. Intrafacies variability of permeability has negligible effects at the sandstone-body scale but significant effects at the bed scale. Shale lengths increase toward the lateral margins and toward the base of the sandstone bodies. Inclined shales reduce upscaled permeability, recovery efficiency, and breakthrough time. Calcite concretions decrease upscaled permeability. An upscaling method based on flow simulation and response-surface models accurately and efficiently represents the effects of geologic heterogeneity and flow rate on a coarse simulation grid.


ABSTRACT: Christmas can be a very busy time in the veterinary clinic and there are many hazards within the home that may put pets at risk. Some popular Christmas treats are well publicised as being toxic to dogs and cats, such as chocolate, but there are some lesser known toxins that owners may not be aware of e.g. onions or mouldy leftovers. This article examines some of the edible toxicological hazards that may be encountered, explaining the mechanism of action, clinical signs, the toxic dose, treatment options available and patient prognosis.


Medical information inquiry, electronic health records, electronic prescriptions, remote consultation, remote treatment, medical information inquiry, and online illness consul-tation are examples of Internet healthcare services that use the Internet as a carrier. Internet healthcare has become a prominent issue in academia and industry as a new development path in the medical business, garnering the attention of many experts. The suggested model will be utilized to analyze drug research data for prediction in this work, and it will be based on support vector machines and decision tree techniques. Finally, three measures will be used to assess the model's performance: accuracy, recall, and F1 value.


A new approach to the study of antiferromagnetic phenomena in terms of the exchange magnetic structure code is examined. If the positions of the magnetic ions are known this code could play the same role in the symmetric description as the international symbol for the crystallographic space group plays in the description of the properties of nonmagnetic crystals.


Background: As hospitals focus on increasing health care value, process improvement strategies have proliferated, seemingly faster than the evidence base supporting them. Yet, most process improvement strategies are associated with work practices for which solid evidence does exist. Evaluating improvement strategies in the context of evidence-based work practices can provide guidance about which strategies would work best for a given health care organization. Methods: We combined a literature review with analysis of key informant interview data collected from 5 case studies of high-performance work practices (HPWPs) in health care organizations. We explored the link between an evidence-based framework for HPWP use and 3 process improvement strategies: Hardwiring Excellence, Lean/Six Sigma, and Baldrige. Results and Conclusions: We found that each of these process improvement strategies has not only strengths but also important gaps with respect to incorporating HPWPs involving engaging staff, aligning leaders, acquiring and developing talent, and empowering the front line. Given differences among these strategies, our analyses suggest that some may work better than others for individual health care organizations, depending on the organizations' current management systems. In practice, most organizations implementing improvement strategies would benefit from including evidence-based HPWPs to maximize the potential for process improvement strategies to increase value in health care.


I have recently treated two patients who had a Serratia marcescens infection and were otherwise in good health. Both infections were associated with the presence of a foreign body that, until the infection was treated, was not suspected


As industrial, governmental, and academic agencies place increasing emphasis on translational research, biomedical researchers are now faced with entirely new challenges in regards to both biomedical data integration and knowledge discovery. There is now both a strong need and a tremendous opportunity to apply translational bioinformatics to address the fundamental challenges in integrating the vast bodies of -omics and clinical data. Here we report on our preliminary work in utilizing SNOMED-CT as both a tool for translational data discovery, and a major component in a framework for the large-scale integration of gene expression microarray data and clinical laboratory data. Annotations from microarray experiments in NCBI GEO were mapped to SNOMED-CT terms using UMLS, and these mappings were joined to clinical laboratory data using ICD9CM to SNOMED-CT mappings within UMLS. We find that microarray experiments characterizing 211 distinct diseases can be mapped to clinical laboratory data measurements for 13,452 distinct patients. We maintain that this work represents critical first steps in providing a foundation for large-scale translational data integration, and underlines the important role that controlled clinical terminologies, such as SNOMEDCT, can play in addressing such problems.


Signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas (SRCCs) are rare tumors that most commonly originate from the stomach, colon, or breast. Lung as a site of the primary signet-ring variant of adenocarcinoma is extremely uncommon. Primary SRCC of the lung is a highly aggressive variant of adenocarcinoma with characteristic clinicopathological features. Here, we present a case of a young female with a rapidly progressive tumor in the left lung with metastasis to the pleura, pericardium, and lymph nodes having a histopathological proof of primary adenocarcinoma with signet-ring features.


The Wall Adaptive Local Eddy viscosity (WALE) model with a constant coefficient and with dynamically adjusted coefficient are employed for the subsonic (Re = 37000) and supersonic (Re = 1, 00,000) flow over a backward facing step. A coarse (y+=70 for subsonic and y+=40 for supersonic) and a fine grid (y+= 20) is employed for each case. It is observed that the WALE model shows grid sensitivity for both the cases. It also under predicts the size of the recirculation region. The mean data, as well as the turbulent statistics predicted by the Dynamic WALE model, is in accordance with the experimental observations and the results given by the coarse and the fine grid differ slightly. The Dynamic WALE model gives better results for mean fields as well as the second order statistics for both the flow regimes.


Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is widely used in industry and electronics field in order to improve power quality. However, the distortion and interruption of output voltage will occur when UPS is applied to instantaneous impulsive load. This paper proposes a novel dynamic control strategy to resist impulsive load. When the impulsive load is imposed on UPS instantaneously, the impulsive current can be quickly sensed by the digital controller and the supplying power for the load is switched from inverter to bypass immediately. Therefore, the output voltage of UPS can be maintained uninterruptible. The proposed control strategy is verified by a 30 KVA UPS prototype.


This paper examines the importance of household energy use and research into it. It reviews studies from around the world that have measured and investigated the characteristics of such consumption. It then concentrates on relevant research of this kind in Australia. It goes on to distill the main determinants of energy use by households and discusses the important phenomenon of inter-correlation between these influences.


The apparent 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log PApp) of pentachlorophenol (PCP) varies in non-linear function with pH of the aqueous solution. In the range of pH 1.2 to 13.5 extreme values...


This article is a study on 30 teachers who do early intervention for 3 - 4 aged hearing impaired children with cochlear implant and guide for their parents in some educational instituitions for children with hearing impairement in Hanoi in order to reseach the current situation of guiding parents of 3 - 4 aged hearing impaired children with cochlear implant to develop spoken language for their child through daily activities at home about: teachers's awareness of the role of guiding parents of 3 - 4 aged hearing impaired children with cochlear implant to develop spoken language for their child through daily activities; the methods or the ways which teachers use to guide parents; the contents of guiding parent sessions; daily activities which teachers usually guide parents to develop spoken language for their child; teachers's evaluation on implementation to develop spoken language for 3 - 4 aged hearing impaired children with cochlear implant through daily activities at home. The research's results are the basis for subsequent research to provide measures to guide parents of 3 - 4 aged hearing impaired children with cochlear implant to develop spoken language for their child through daily activities at home effectively.


Recently proposed wireless proactive caching has opened up a promising avenue for reducing the redundant traffic load of the future wireless network. In addition to infrastructure updating, caching schemes for different wireless caching scenarios are also essential problems of concern. Along with the benefits brought by proactive caching, the cost of proactive caching should also be taken into account, since caching schemes can be influenced by different interest relevant parties in wireless networks. In this article, we discuss several typical caching scenarios and apply corresponding game theoretical models to illustrate how the selfishness of different parties may influence the overall wireless proactive caching. Efficient caching strategies can be designed by carefully considering the relations and interactions among these parties by using game theory. We also outline possible future research directions in this emerging area.


The aim of this research is to identify the cracks on concrete walls and classify them into voids, cracks and micro thin cracks. It is imperative to plan an optimal repair technique that considers the necessary causes and problems that require special attention during repair. The proposed framework integrates Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), data acquisition procedures and image processing for crack detection and evaluation of surface degradation. An ideal approach is implemented, Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) techniques are used for crack detection. The acquired images are section-overlapped and stitched together using image stitching program. In addition to the aforementioned strategies, gray-scale thresholding (where gray-scale is converted into binary) is a technique that is utilized for measurement of surface deterioration.


palabras clave | Urbanismo, desarrollo territorial, economia regional. abstract | This article analyzes the contributions of Chuquicamata to the territorial, social and economic development of the II Region of Antofagasta during the twentieth cen- tury. The process begins with the local cont ributions of an industrial complex and company town, that evolves from profits and contributions specific to a copper mining settlement to a situation of regional significance, generating continental economic relations and linkages which contribute to the social and economic development of the region and he country. From this perspective, Northern Chile, and this region in particular, hold important comparative and competitive advantages that extend into the twenty first century, both for the exploi- tation of mineral resources and for increasing linkages with other productive sectors, in a process that generates new spatial configuratio ns, based not only on the urban dynamics of the company town but also through the extent and complexity of the mining territory that has been economically activated by the mining industry.


For more than a century there has been steady, if not quite raging, debate over the number and identity of secondary choruses in Aeschylus' Supplices. In the Egyptian herald scene, are the lyrics sung by the herald or by his band of henchmen? In the exodos, where unquestionably there is a lyric dialogue and debate over the proper claims of Aphrodite, are the participants the Danaids and their handmaidens, the Danaids and Argive men-at-arms, or simply the Danaids divided into hemichoruses ?1 The debate has not produced a consensus, at least not for the herald scene, but in the exodos a strong trend is observable when we tabulate the choices (for both scenes) made in the principal editions of this century:


We use a monomial ideal I to model a discrete preference function on a set of n factors. We can measure the sensitivity of each point represented by a monomial m by calculating its formal partial derivatives with respect to each variable. These derivatives can be used to define the Koszul simplicial complex of the ideal I at m. We refer to points at which the homology of their Koszul complex is not null as sensitive corners. In the context of preference analysis, the ranks of the homology groups are not precise enough to distinguish between sensitive corners that have the same homology but correspond to different sensitivity behaviors. To address this issue, we propose using a filtration on the Koszul complexes of the sensitive corners based on the lcm-lattice of the ideal I. This filtration induces a persistent homology at each corner m. We then use unsupervised Machine Learning methods to classify the corners based on the distance between their persistence diagrams.


Objective To investigate the relationship the expression of mutable P53 protein in the different pathological tissue of gastric mucosa.Methods The immunohistochemical staining technique(S-P method)was used to detect the expressions of Runx3 178 specimen in the population at gastric cancer risk and 63 specimen gastric cancer.Results ①The protein expression rate of mutable p53 in CSG,CAG,IM,DYS,GC are 4.90%,25.00%,40.00%,55.55% and 60.31% respectively.The protein expression of mutable p53 is the lowest in CSG,and with the lesion's worsening,the expression rate is increasing in that of gastric cancer the highest,up to 60.31%.The differences among CAG,CSG and GC had obvious significance(P0.005).② In 63 cases of gastric cancer,the expression rate of mutable P53 protein in well differentiated,moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated carcinoma are 35.00%,60.00%,86.95% respectively.with the lesion's worsening,the expression rate is increasing in poorly differentiated carcinoma.Conclusion The protein expression of mutable P53 protein with the lesion's worsening,it is cuing the mutable p53 has much to do with gastric cancer,and it is possible an important factor to the population at gastric cancer risk.


The model for lemmatisation of non-standard Croatian was built with the CLASSLA-StanfordNLP tool (https://github.com/clarinsi/classla-stanfordnlp) by training on the hr500k training corpus (http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1183), the ReLDI-NormTagNER-hr corpus (http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1241), the RAPUT corpus (https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/L16-1513/) and the ReLDI-NormTagNER-sr corpus (http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1240), using the hrLex inflectional lexicon (http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1232). These corpora were additionally augmented for handling missing diacritics by repeating parts of the corpora with diacritics removed. The estimated F1 of the lemma annotations is ~97.54.

The difference to the previous version of the lemmatizer is that now it relies solely on XPOS annotations, and not on a combination of UPOS, FEATS (lexicon lookup) and XPOS (lemma prediction) annotations.


A new population balance model for solvent-mediated polymorphic transformation is presented. The model takes into account the secondary nucleation caused by nuclei grown crystals as well as the primary nucleation. Numerical simulation was performed for crystallization of a hypothetical enantiotropic dimorphic compound in an unseeded solution. In the simulation, particular attention was paid to the effect of secondary nucleation of the stable polymorph on the transformation time. The simulated transformation time decreased with an increase in the secondary nucleation rate of the stable polymorph. Reported experimental data on the effect of stirrer speed were explained by the secondary nucleation-mediated mechanism, in which the secondary nucleation rate is assumed to increase with an increase in stirrer speed. The effect of scale-up on the transformation time was also suggested to be explained by the secondary nucleation-mediated mechanism.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To determine the aspects of excretory dysfunction most influential in determining the quality of life of survivors of spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND
Excretory dysfunction is one of the most common and troublesome sequelae of spinal cord injury. Previous studies have shown that it can restrict social participation restriction, cause readmission and generally influence quality of life substantially.

DESIGN
A cross-sectional survey of hospital inpatients following STOBE guidelines.

METHODS
A convenience sample of 101 patients with traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury were asked about their experiences of excretory dysfunction, and management and their self-perceived quality of life. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were performed to isolate the most important relationships.

RESULTS
Only 2 of the 101 subjects professed to be unaffected by excretion dysfunction. Bladder-related dysfunction was the most frequently-mentioned type of problem. Quality of life impairment was found to be most often associated with bladder accidents, bowel accidents and having more than one bladder complications.

CONCLUSION
Excretory dysfunction substantially impacts quality of life after a spinal cord injury. Bladder accidents, bowel accidents and more than one bladder complication are factors independently influencing the quality of life of spinal cord injury survivors.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
To improve excretion-related QOL, patients' bladder and bowel self-management training should be strengthened seeking to prevent complications and reduce the risk of bladder and bowel accidents.


This paper presents first results from a study of the shear response of stampable thermoplastic composites. A range of materials including unreinforced poly propylene (PP), random glass mat filled and highly filled PP have been tested in a parallel plate rheometer at 180°C. First, reproducibility of test results is examined. Then the in fluence of fibers and coupling agent on shear behavior is presented. Finally the "lofted structures" configuration adopted by the preforms upon heating and their structural changes during stamping are discussed.


Jim McLean has worked closely with such PGA pros as Tom Kite, Hal Sutton, Peter Jacobson, Curtis Strange and Brad Faxon, and helped improve their game with his personal method. This book is the culmination of his 30-year golf career, offering readers the opportunity to learn from McLean what these exceptional pros have already put to use. This guide breaks down the swing into eight crucial stages, with each chapter representing a step, and then helps the reader unite the steps into one fluid motion. Each chapter/swing step is capped by a series of check-points for self-evaluation on the practice tell and on the course. The final chapters oncern the mental game, set-up and preparation. Jim McLean is the author of "Golf Digest's Book of Drills".


Abstract Drug addiction is a common phenomenon that increases with the progress of the European integration process. Professional help to people addicted and under the influence of drugs or other psychoactive substances should be provided primarily by health care institutions. An important and interesting issue seems to be the assessment of how people who have the most frequent contact with addicts are prepared to provide help, what is their knowledge and attitude to the phenomenon of drug addiction and to people addicted to psychoactive substances. The material for the research was a questionnaire for people who have contact and / or work professionally with people addicted to psychoactive substances. A total number of 253 people who had professional contact with people addicted to psychoactive substances were examined, including 102 men and 151 women. The respondents most often acquired knowledge in the field of drug addiction through the mass media. The exception is the professional group of doctors, which was the only one to refer to professional literature. Contact with drug addicts was not worried by 68.6% of doctors, 68.4% of policemen, 45.9% of nurses and only 39.0% of teachers. Fear may be caused mainly by possible aggressive behavior, which is feared by 49.8% of the respondents, including 58.3% of women and 37.2% of men. When it comes to 90.1% of respondents, they believe that the cause of aggression is the lack of control over their emotions. The results of the work can be helpful in creating new, satisfying solutions to difficult situations and developing cooperation characterized by empathy and acceptance.


In order to understand the mechanics properties of rectangular cable domes,a rectangular cable dome model with the size of 4.7 m×3.4m is designed and fabricated.Then experiments on the model are conducted,including the prestress applying,measuring of the natural frequencies and loading experiments of several conditions.The experimental results match well with the analytical results,which indicates that the rectangular cable dome has the same static property as the circular cable dome.Moreover,it has good force bearing capacity under full-span load,but not ideal for bearing half-span load.Besides,the structure′s natural frequency is low and increases with its initial prestress,so the stiffness of the structure can be improved by increasing its initial prestress.


We present a new 1D inversion algorithm for potential field data, which consists in the inversion of vertical soundings of data at different altitudes. The inversion of multiple 1D vertical gravity/magnetic soundings is made over the same source-volume, which is a finite volume of layers of different densities, for interpreting anomalies along a profile or over a measurement surface. The inversion algorithm was tested on synthetic data and on a real case, relative to gravity data referred to a sedimentary basin in Nevada, USA.


Objective To observe the curative effect of treatment employing two-stage rectification method on the deformation of mandibular retrusion in dental transitional period. Method In stage I treatment, rectification using a muscle stimulator plus an outward bow gag was applied to improve the condition of mandibular retrusion. In stage II, a square silk bow gag was used to further stabilize the relation between maxilla and mandible, and to precisely align the tooth position and tooth occlusion position. Result X-ray cephalometrics of lateral position of the head showed that: CO-PG increased by 2.5mm; the Z angle increased by 3.99°; ANB decreased by 2.8°;1-S decreased by 6.1°; 1(ī)-MP decreased by 3.26°. Conclusion There is a remarkable effect of two-stage treatment on the deformation of mandibular retrusion in dental transitional period.


Bio-degradability is one of the major issue in the disposal of used synthetic engine lubricants, by considering this the development of vegetable based engine lubricants shows more attention, the corrosion of engine parts owing to its usage under bio-lubricant environment can be suspected due to its hygroscopic nature. This work aims to analyse the effect of blend of poly-ethylene glycol and benzotriazole as corrosion inhibitor on ferrous and non-ferrous metals in chemically modified rapeseed oil based bio- degradable engine oil as per ASTM D6594. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis shows that the pitting corrosion over the surfaces of lead and copper is found more comparatively with other metals in the bio lubricant environment without corrosion inhibitor, the metals immersed in the bio-lubricant with inhibitor provides the protective oxide film layer over the metallic surfaces restrict the corrosion rate.


In recent years, data mining techniques have been widely applied in different topics such as education, medical, security, etc. In this research and in the first step, we apply educational data mining two well-known methods including J48 and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). In addition, we will create some simple rules using J48. Our results in this part of research indicate that we get the best performance when class is "High". We also show that most generated rules using J48 algorithm are related to "Low" class. By using generated rules, cut-off points presented that we observe that "STR" feature is not involved in the production of rules. Finally, by utilizing voting approach, we introduce a new Multi-objective Weighted Voting Ensemble Classifier (MWVE) using J48 as well as MLP algorithms which is called "MWVE-J48MLP" algorithm. According to our outcomes in this step, we observe that the proposed model has better performance than both J48 as well as MLP algorithms in previous step.


The deposit concentrated district of germanium-silver-bearing lead-zinc polymetallic ore deposits in northeastern Yunnan is an important component of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou lead-zinc polymetallic mineralization domain in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze block. The deposits are characterized by very high grade of the ore, more associated minerals such as germanium and silver, deep extension of ore bodies, large scales of the ore deposits, and great economic value. The deposits of this kind reflect a typical ore-forming environment, which is different from known lead-zinc deposit types discovered in both China and abroad, such as Mississippi Valley Type (MVT), Volcanic Hosted Massive Sulfide Type (VHMS), and Hydrothermal Sedimentation Type (SEDEX). Therefore, this study proposed that this kind of deposits is representative of a new Pb-Zn deposit type-Huize type (HZT). The formation of these deposits was related to tectonic regime transformation from late Hercynian tectonic extension to Indosinian orogenic extrusion, and this was responsible for the establishment of a new mineralization model - "structural fluid penetration mineralization" model. The formation of such ore deposits has gone through three phases: A) trusting structure and large-scale fluid migration; B) fluid "penetration" and gas differentiated from liquid; C) fluid unloading and mineralization by gravity differentiation. This model can be used to interpret the mineralizing mechanism of the lead-zinc deposits occurring in the ore deposit concentration district of northeastern Yunnan. This is undoubtedly of great importance in studying Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou lead-zinc polymetallic metallogenic field, and in prediction, exploration and evaluation of concealed ore localization in the deep parts and external district of the type deposits.


IPF has recently investigated isotope production with proton beams at energies other than the 100-MeV currently available to the IPF beam line. To maximize the yield of a particular isotope, it is necessary to measure the production rate and cross section versus proton beam energy. Studies were conducted at 800 MeV and 197 MeV to determine the cross section of Tb-159. Also, the ability to irradiate targets at different proton beam energies opens up the possibility of producing other radioisotopes. A proof-of-principle test was conducted to develop a 40-MeV tune in the 100-MeV beam line. Another parameter explored was the beam current, which was raised from the normal limit of 250 {mu}A up to 356 {mu}A via both power and repetition rate increase. This proof-of-principle test demonstrated the capability of the IPF beam line for high current operation with potential for higher isotope yields. For the full production mode, system upgrades will need to be in place to operate at high current and high duty factor. These activities are expected to provide the data needed for the development of a new and unique isotope production capability complementing the existing 100-MeV IPF facility.


The problems widely existing in urban and rural power grid are analyzed, the procedure of planning for distribution network and its cautions are expounded, then the solutions and measures are presented. It is emphasized to solving the current problems existing in power grid, which is the most important task of planning for distribution network. Finally, further improving the accuracy, feasibility and prospect of planning for distribution network is discussed.


Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) in humans is an autosomal‐dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by heterozygous mutations of the runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and significantly increases the risk of osteoporosis. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the dysfunction of bone marrow stromal cells from CCD patients (BMSCs‐CCD) contributes to the bone deficiency, but the characteristics of BMSCs‐CCD and the mechanisms that underlie their properties remain undefined.


The grouper hatchery now has been widely developed, usually purchased eggs from the business that produces hybrid grouper eggs   in accordance with the amount as needed. Eggs grouper that is currently in demand are eggs grouper cantang that is a cross-breed between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) and cantik that is a cross-breed between female tiger grouper and male grouper batik (Epinephelus Microdon). The purpose of this research is to get information about hybrid egg production activities, marketing and economics. The study was conducted in Buleleng regency in January-December 2015, data was taken from five hatchery or business that produces only hybrid grouper egg that is one business (A) in the village of Banyuasri, Buleleng district; Three businesses (B); (C) and (D) in the village of Penyabangan, Gerokgak district and the effort (E) in the village of Banyupoh, Gerokgak district, the data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the five businesses may produce as many eggs as five to eight times a year by the amount that can be marketed  24,200,000 - 44,500,000 eggs. The result of business analysis R / C ratio > 1 which means the business is profitable. Keyword : eggs, hatchery, hybrid, production, support


The experiment of different kind of carboxymethyl chitosan was carried out,the order of the addition of carboxymethylation chitosan had great influence on dyeing effect.Carboxy methylation chitosan is used to be dyeing additive in leather making,the results show that,it has darkening and brightening effect and can increase dye update,also can improve wet and dry rubbing fastness and level dyeing property of finish leather.


The online non-contact measurement of yarn dynamic tension was very important in textile industry.The image measurement technique was one of the key technologies of non-contact measurement.An image processing programme suitable for yarn balloon were obtained by comparing the results of various image processing methods based on no complete unified image processing system presently.A reasonable yarn balloon digital image processing system was designed to process the fast and systematical digital image of yarn balloon.


Abstract The classification of unvoiced stops in consonant–vowel (CV) syllables, segmented from continuous speech, is investigated by features related to speech production. As burst and vocalic transitions contribute to identification of stops in the CV context, features are computed from both regions. Although formants are the truly discriminating articulatory features, their estimation from the speech signal is a challenge especially in unvoiced regions like the release burst of stops. This may be compensated partially by sub-band energy-based features. In this work, formant features from the vocalic region are combined with features from the burst region comprising sub-band energies, as well as features from a formant tracking method developed for unvoiced regions. The overall combination of features at the classifier level obtains an accuracy of 84.4%, which is significantly better than that obtained with solely sub-band features on unvoiced stops in CV syllables of TIMIT.


Dipole representations of the earth's magnetic field have been found to have insufficient accuracy for the study of magnetically trapped particles. A coordinate system consisting of the magnitude of the magnetic field B, and the integral invariant I has been found to adequately organize, measurements made at different geographic locations. It is shown in the present paper, that a parameter L = f(B,I) can be defined which retains most of the desirable properties of I and which has the additional property of organizing measurements along lines of force. Since the parameter L is the analog of a physical distance in a dipole field (the equaborial radius of a magnetic shell), it is usually found to present fewer conceptual difficulties than the integral invariant i.


The liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolism, protein synthesis, bile production, detoxification and drug clearance. We present a platform for creating and assaying artificial liver models consisting of three dimensional co-cultures of liver-like organoids in vitro using digital microfluidics to provide precise control over the organoid sizes and local microenviroments. Findings include: (a) cultured fibroblasts actively contracted the hydrogel matrix in a collagen-concentration dependent manner, and (b) hepatocytes secrete more albumin in three dimensional organoids relative to their two dimensional counterparts.


Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved promising performance in image classification tasks. In this paper, we develop a new feature from convolutional layers, called Bag of Surrogate Parts (BoSP), and its spatial variant, Spatial BoSP (SBoSP). Specifically, we take the feature maps in convolutional layers as surrogate parts, and densely sample and assign the regions in input images to these surrogate parts by observing the activation values. To better handle the objects with different scales and deformations, and make more comprehensive predictions, we further propose a scale pooling technique for assigning the features, and global constrained augmentation for the final prediction. Compared with most existing methods that also utilize the activations from convolutional layers, the proposed method is efficient, has no tuning parameters, and could generate low-dimensional, highly discriminative features. The experiments on generic object, fine-grained object and scene datasets indicate that the proposed feature can not only produce superior results to fully-connected layer based features, but also get comparable, or in some cases considerably better performance than the state-of-the-art.


Even though possess several advantages topical formulations have some drawbacks such as the need to contain high concentrations of active agents for effective therapy due to the low efficiency of delivery system, resulting into irritation and allergic reactions in significant users. Other drawbacks of topical formulations are uncontrolled evaporation of active ingredient, unpleasant odor and potential in-compatibility of drugs with the vehicles. These drawbacks are overcome by microsponge drug delivery system. Microsponge delivery system consists of a polymeric bead having network of pores held with an active ingredient which maximizes the retention time of an active ingredient either on skin surface or within the epidermis thereby providing controlled release of drugs. Microsponge possess the versatility to load a wide range of actives providing the benefits of enhanced product efficacy, mildness, tolerability, and extended over to a wide range of skin therapies. Microsponge delivery system can be incorporated into conventional dosage forms such as creams, lotions, gels, ointments, and powder and share a broad package of benefits. This review covers the advantages of microsponges, their formulation and applications in pharmaceutical field.


This manual consists of three modules each consisting of several sessions of the subject. Each session follows the same path, beginning with the introduction and ending with reflection, and equipped with reference material or reading for the facilitator. These three modules are designed as one entity for use in basic organizing training with a duration of 5 (five) days effective, 8 hours / day.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of needling revision with mitomycin C(MMC) subconjuctival injection on early failed filtering blebs after trabeculectomy for glaucoma. Methods Needling revision with MMC 0.2 mL(0.04 mg) subconjuctival injection was performed on 86 eyes of 76 patients with failed filtering blebs 2 to 6 weeks after trabeculectomy for glaucoma.An average of 1.88 times of treatment was performed.The intraocular pressure(IOP),blebs and side effects were observed,and follow-up was conducted for 6 months. Results Two to six weeks after trabeculectomy,there were 50 eyes with thickened and focalized blebs,32 eyes with encapsulated blebs and 4 eyes with no bleb.Six months after needling revision with MMC subconjuctival injection,blebs of 61 eyes turned into functional ones.The blebs were thinned and multicysted in 24 eyes,diffused and elevated in 37 eyes,thickened and focalized in 6 eyes,encapsulated in 13 eyes and disappeared in 6 eyes.Three months after treatment,the mean IOP was(15.2±6.1) mmHg,and there were 57 eyes with IOP21 mmHg without using anti-glaucoma drug and 17 eyes with IOP21 mmHg using one anti-glaucoma drug,with the success rate of 86.1%.Six months after treatment,the mean IOP was(15.7±6.7) mmHg,and there were 51 eyes with IOP21 mmHg without using anti-glaucoma drug and 17 eyes with IOP21 mmHg using one anti-glaucoma drug,with the success rate of 79.1%.Subconjuctiva hemorrhage occurred in 21 eyes.No such complications as hypotony,choroidal effusion and shallow anterior chamber were observed during the follow up. Conclusion Needling revision with MMC subconjuctival injection is an effective,safe and simple method for failed filtering blebs early after trabeculectomy.


Several approaches exist for the numerical representation of optical fields. These approaches differ with respect to the amount of information from the original field which is represented. Based on these numerical field representations, a number of different propagation methods are known which have different properties concerning physical accuracy and computational effort. Well-known examples are the ray tracing approach and Fourier transform based wave optical propagation methods. A modern optical engineering software should therefore enable the usage of different field representations and propagations methods within the modeling of an optical system. The spread sheet approach for modeling an optical system, which is used for instance in ZEMAX, can be extended for allowing a more flexible assignment of different propagation methods to certain parts of the optical system. This generalized approach, which is implemented in VOL4 VirtualLab, is demonstrated by practical example from laser beam shaping. Furthermore, an overview is given to the wave optical design approach implemented in VOL4 VirtualLab.


While the development of a low-carbon hydrogen economy in the European Union is currently a keystone of the energy transition, electrolysis production is not yet competitive with fossil fuel steam reforming. To remedy this, this study characterizes a new policy tool, the Carbon Contract for Difference (CCfD). This is a public policy instrument that guarantees a "low-carbon" producer a sufficiently high CO2 price to make its alternative technology less emissive but more expensive than existing technologies competitive. The authors propose a methodology for policymakers to design CCfDs according to their region and sectoral application. The study focuses on the design of a CCfD for the development of hydrogen by electrolysis as an alternative to steam reforming. It suggests that an economically efficient CCfD for hydrogen should be defined for areas with a homogeneous electricity mix. This CCfD should be designed according to the gas prices and state aid currently used in the EU-ETS system.


Optimization design of some small centrifugal compressor with a small stall margin was discussed in this paper.In the optimization design,a method called arbitrary camber lines blading design method was used for both axial and centrifugal compressors.The optimization design method,beginning with a through flow calculation,and in combination with arbitrary camber lines blading,applied three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics calculation to analyze the result of the optimization design.By changing the control properties of through flow design and arbitrary blading,meridional flow passage and three-dimensional blades were gained satisfactorily.As a result,not only the stall margin has been increased,but also the stage performance of the compressor has been improved significantly.


A novel linear time-frequency representation method is proposed for source detection and classification in over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) systems. Of particular interest is the estimation and identification of the multipaths of maneuvering targets described as multicomponent time-Doppler signatures in the presence of strong clutter. By approximating the time-Doppler signatures as chirp signals in each block of time period, chirp signal analysis is used to estimate the chirp parameters (chirp rates and center frequencies) of the clutter and target signal components. Clutter components, which are localized around the low chirp rates and frequencies, are effectively suppressed through subspace projections. The target signals are then dechirped, which is followed by either conventional DFT transform or high-resolution spectrum estimation methods for center frequency estimation.


This paper aims to examine the role of relationships between organizational factors, employee resilience and work outcomes, in order to test the mediatory role of employees in hospitality kitchens in Serbia. The paper represents a quantitative study; the research was conducted through a questionnaire which served as a means for collecting reliable data. The data were obtained from 182 respondents employed in hospitality kitchens in Serbia. The results of this research have shown that resilience has a mediatory role between organizational factors and work outcomes. This paper deals with an important research subject, which is currently not given enough attention, which is indicated by the fact that this type of research has not yet been conducted in hospitality kitchens.


In this work, lattice vibrations in BaTi4O9 ceramic were investigated using far-infrared spectra (FIRS), which were transformed by Kramers–Kronig relations into the real and imaginary parts of permittivity spectra. Curve fitting of reflectance spectra shows that 32 vibration modes were observed, among which transverse vibrations at lower frequencies (stretching and bending vibration modes involving A-site cations and TiO6 octahedra) account for most dielectric loss. An evaluation of dielectric constants and quality factors using an extrapolation method was accomplished. The calculated dielectric constants agree well with the measured ones, while the calculated dielectric losses are about half the measured ones, indicating that noneigen elements such as defects and pores exist and play an important role in BaTi4O9 ceramics. A multimode behavior of vibration modes involving Ba-sites was proposed as the origin of dielectric loss.


DK/Lm is a new inbred mouse strain with over 20 generations of brother–sister mating. The genotype of the DK/Lm mouse at the black-brown locus is b / b and heterozygosity at the agouti locus ( A y / a ) is maintained. DK/Lm- A y / a mice become sable in phenotype at the first moult, whereas C57BL/6J- A y / a mice do not. The sable phenotype is defined as that of a mouse whose basic colour is yellow (phaeomelanic) but whose dorsal aspect is more or less darkened by the presence of nonyellow (eumelanic) pigment. At about 6 months of age the DK/Lm mouse gradually reverts to yellow in phenotype. Mice of the two strains are compared. Observations are discussed and related to hypotheses regarding gene action at the a and e loci. The new strain is a useful experimental model for study of the relationship between gene action at the agouti locus and the important pleiotropic effects influenced by this locus.


Single-trail detection of P300 from EEG signals is the main challenge of diagnostic purposes and research applications. In this article, Wavelet Transform is used for feature extraction from EEG signals. The goal is to prove the capability of wavelet transform in P300 feature extraction. A number of established wavelet feature extraction methods were evaluated from accuracy and computation speed perspectives. To conduct uniform evaluation, Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used for classification of all methods. The results show that DWT can be fast in computing signal features with lower accuracy, while a combination of DWT and T-CWT is proven to be more accurate when real-time computation is concerned.


Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam whose implementation is required for all Muslims whose wealth meets the Nisab. Nisab is a standard of property that must be Zakati. Because Zakat is the property of the people, the management must be properly channeled. Surakarta city is one of the major cities in Indonesia, there are several institutions of amil Zakat in the city of solo. However, there is no data on the distribution of Zakat in the integrated solo city, so that there are still many recipients of Zakat who receive alms from several amil Zakat. In this study, mapping of Zakat, Infaqand shadaqoh mapping was carried out with a Geographical Information System (GIS). This study aims to produce a deeper analysis of the socioeconomic life in the city of Surakarta as a basis for mapping the distribution of Zakat, Infaq, andShodaqoh. The method used to collect data with rapid appraisal. Where rapid appraisal is a method used to collect data based on socio-economic conditions in the environment, so as to produce a picture of mapping the distribution of Zakat, Infaq, andShodaqoh which is used as a reference for amil Zakat institutions in the Surakarta region to spread.


he titling project refers to the design of an Organizational Internal Communication plan in a participatory manner within the National Direction of Human Talent Management in the Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS).
The main objective of the project was to design a process of strategic communication in the areas of payroll, contracts, appointments and documentary management that surpass the classic paradigm of communication, to improve internal communication within these areas described.
Based on the study carried out through the diagnosis, the development of a strategic communication was proposed, where the collaborators take the lead to change the communication process, since their participation is highlighted and the importance of the valuation of human capital as their level of involvement.
For the planning process of Organizational Internal Communication in a participatory manner, Sandra Massoni is taken as a theoretical reference, and as main dimensions for the rereading of the same: sociocultural, interactional and ideological the same that allow us to learn about the process performed , especially in the field of the management of subjectivities. Finally adjustments are made that allow to leave a negotiated proposal with the political level for its execution.


In the stages of understanding and study, by students, of descriptive geometry, the treble orthogonal projection of a point, creates problems in the situations in that one or more descriptive coordinates are zero. Starting from these considerations the authors have created an original computer program which offers to the students the possibility to easily understanding of the way in which a point is represented, in draught, in the treble orthogonal projection whatever which are its values of the descriptive coordinates.


Summary Asarule, bites andstings intravellers aremerely a nuisance. Butitissensible tobeinformed about the moreserious possibilities which canresult. Systemic diseases canbetransmitted, theskinlesions from insects canbetroublesome andfinally, somebites and stings cancauseenvenoming. Thus, thebather maybe harmedbyvenomous fish stings, seaurchins, jellyfish andinAsian-Pacific watersbysea-snakes. Land hazards include bites orstings byscorpions, spiders, ticks, centipedes, bees, wasps, caterpillars andsnakes. Themainclinical features ofsuchbites andstings, including treatment andprevention, areoutlined.


The utility model provides a call reminding device which comprises a circuit board and a shell, wherein the circuit board comprises a base plate. The call reminding device is characterized in that a Bluetooth control chip, a power supply management chip and an LED lamp are welded to the right side of the base plate; a battery, a loudspeaker and a vibrating motor are welded to the back side of the base plate; the battery and the Bluetooth control chip are electrically connected with the power supply management chip; the loudspeaker and the vibrating motor are both electrically connected with the Bluetooth control chip; the Bluetooth control chip comprises a Bluetooth module which can be bound with a communication device with a Bluetooth interface and receives the call reminding command for the bound communication device. The utility model has longer valid transmission distance, can not be interfered by other nearby mobile telephone signals, has multiple reminding modes so as to be convenient for a user to set the most proper reminding mode according to different environmental characteristics, and facilitates the carrying of the user.


screened yield and high strength properties in handsheets as compared with other alkali spraying conditions. 2) Rice straw were sprayed with 15% NaOH solution after boiling water pretreatment and then cooked with oxygen oxidation pulping process. The pulp obtained with this method were cooked enough with more less alkali weight than direct alkali spraying method. But, this results can not be recognized the energetic advantage to carry out boiling water pretreatment on the rice straw as compared with direct alkali spraying method by considering recovery of alkali reagents .


Between 1935 and 1940, the American Bar Association, the Association of American Law Schools, and the American Association of Law Libraries joined forces to work on solutions to a problem often referred to as the "duplication of legal publications." The need for practicing attorneys and law libraries to purchase multiple and duplicative versions of published law reports and other law books was burdensome in costs, complicated the research process, and contributed to what the American Law Institute identified as the two chief defects of American law: "its uncertainty and its complexity." This article highlights the efforts of the ABA, the AALS, and the AALL to develop solutions to the problem, focusing on the leadership of Harvard law librarian Eldon R. James within the ABA and elsewhere. Although these efforts ultimately failed, the story illuminates a moment in the history of law librarianship in which a prominent law librarian provided leadership on a matter of concern to the entire legal profession.


Universities are complicated organizations with varying institutional missions and priorities, centralized and decentralized operations, divisions of employee type (staff versus faculty versus contingent employee), and competing affiliations between the institution and the academic or professional discipline on a national, or international, scale. While many in our industry will argue against the corporatization of the academe, and understandably so, I believe it is useful to draw comparative parallels between the research on business culture and organizational behavior to relationships that exist within the academic enterprise. In order to do this, I choose to adopt the position that despite the unique purpose of the academic mission, overall universities function like corporate businesses. Parker (2012) found that "despite regional and national differences, both public and private universities are found to exhibit a global trend towards operating as predominantly market funded commercial organizations" (p. 247). Universities may employ thousands of people in hundreds of internal departments or suborganizations. Like large multilevel corporations, people work in cross-functional teams and collaborate with other departments or divisions. Resources, in terms of human capital, revenue, and information, flow throughout the organization in accordance with systemic constraints as well as the culture of the organization and its subunits. Drawing upon organizational behavior research, team member exchange (TMX) offers one framework to apply the impact of resource flow on relationships in a business setting. TMX research evidences the power of workplace relationships to influence positive business outcomes. Where employees score high on indicators of TMX, researchers found this to be an indicator of highquality working relationships, correlated with improved employee performance ratings and increased measures of job performance, satisfaction, and organizational commitment (Banks et al., 2014; Liden, Wayne, & Sparrowe, 2000). Teams scoring high on the TMX instrument engage in more cooperative communication within the group, which reinforces a sense of group cohesion, both of which impact effective work group performance (Abu Bakar & Sheer, 2013). I found limited references to TMX in the education literature or included in research applied in an academic context, but still propose it can be usefully applied. Three recent studies indicated the promise of bringing this construct into the field because, as Lucas, Voss, and Krumwiede say, "students' experience with their educational institution may help or hinder their classroom performance, for the same reasons for which employees' experience with their organizations on this measure affect their motivation and sense of trust in their leadership" (2015, p. 97). Lucas and colleagues' work created a selfreport tool for students to respond to TMX statements as well as other measures of communication and exchange behavior (2015). In addition, universities are places of employment and function like businesses in that regard. One study did indirectly assess TMX among university faculty and


The quantitative research methods course is a staple of graduate programs in education leadership and administration. Historically, these courses serve to train aspiring district and school leaders in fundamental statistical research topics. This article argues for programs to focus as well in these courses on helping aspiring leaders develop skills as practitioner-scholars, including deepening their practice around data analytics, providing opportunities to read and evaluate peer-reviewed research, analyzing data using current methods, and applying findings to facilitate building evidence-based improvement cycles in their schools. Additional data leadership training should be offered for the practicing administrator, educational quantitative analyst, research specialist, and district data scientist.


Objective:To study the relationship between estrogen receptor α(ERα)gene polymorphism and primary liver cancer in South-Western China.Methods: We choose 100 no-hepatopathy person as control group and another 100 primary liver cancer as case group from South-Western China.Molecular biology is used to analyse restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) of the first intron incision enzyme PvuⅡ,XbaⅠin ERα gene.At the same time,we bring depuration,clone and sequence analysis to STR in hypervariable region of ERα gene.The ERα gene polymorphism genetype distribution in case group and control group was etudied.Results: RFLP of PvuⅡ and XbaⅠ in the 2 groups are distributed with polymorphism.The TA13 allele frequency in case group is higher than that in control group,and the difference is significant.TA15 allele frequency in case group is lower than that in control group,and the difference is also significant(P=0.033).Conclusion: ERα gene polymorphism has a relation with primary liver cancer.X allele may be the risk factor,and P allele may be its guard factor.TA13 allele may be the risk factor,and TA15 allele may be its guard factor.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the expression pattern of the cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic (Cres) gene in mouse testes and epididymis during postnatal development.

METHODS
Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the Cres mRNA level in postnatal mouse testes and epididymis on day 14, 20, 22, 28, 35, 49, 70 and 400.

RESULTS
Low-level Cres mRNA was detected on day 14 in both the testes and the epididymis. The expression of the Cres gene increased gradually with the development of the mouse, and it reached the peak on day 70 in the testes and on day 400 in the epididymis.

CONCLUSION
The time-dependent expression pattern of the Cres gene in postnatal mouse testes and epididymis suggested that the Cres gene might be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation.


Last years have been characterized by an upsurge of opaque automatic decision support systems, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Although they have great generalization and prediction skills, their functioning does not allow obtaining detailed explanations of their behaviour. As opaque machine learning models are increasingly being employed to make important predictions in critical environments, the danger is to create and use decisions that are not justifiable or legitimate. Therefore, there is a general agreement on the importance of endowing machine learning models with explainability. EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques can serve to verify and certify model outputs and enhance them with desirable notions such as trustworthiness, accountability, transparency and fairness. This guide is meant to be the go-to handbook for any audience with a computer science background aiming at getting intuitive insights on machine learning models, accompanied with straight, fast, and intuitive explanations out of the box. This article aims to fill the lack of compelling XAI guide by applying XAI techniques in their particular day-to-day models, datasets and use-cases. Figure 1 acts as a flowchart/map for the reader and should help him to find the ideal method to use according to his type of data. In each chapter, the reader will find a description of the proposed method as well as an example of use on a Biomedical application and a Python notebook. It can be easily modified in order to be applied to specific applications.


Malaysia is a country that has a lot of wood where there are about 3000 species of
wood in the country. Wood carving is significant craft in the Malay architecture ofthe
former Pattani region stretching from north-eastern states of Peninsular Malaysia to
southern province of Thailand (Ismail Said, 2001). Two Malay craftsmen named
Kahar and Taib was carved the wood in Istana Lama Seri Menanti. The craftsman
named Kahar was awarded the title of Dato' Panglima Sultan by Tuanku Muhammad
for his services. (Arkib Negara Malaysia, 2013). In Malay woodcarvings, the main
categories of motifs popularly used are flora, fauna, geometry, calligraphy, cosmic
and mystical Istana Lama Seri Menanti was built in 1905 and complete at 1908. They
have 99 pillar that represent 99 juak-juak hulubalang Negeri Sembilan and 4 pillar in
the middle is represent Empat Orang Besar Istana (Orang Empat Istana). It has 55 to
60 motif of wood carving in Istana Lama Seri Menanti include the pillar, door and
windows. From 99 pillar, 52 pillar have a woodcarving all motifs are different in each
pillar. Wood carving in Istana Seri Menanti Negeri Sembilan is a tradition that we
need to preserve for young generation for they to know the origin and uniqueness
tradition in Negeri Sembilan. The different about the motif is part of their creativity
when their build that palace. All the motif in the wood carving is also have their own
meaning and used for their tradition.


Abstract It is not uncommon to read the Moomin tales through existentialist lenses. Although there might be natural reasons for focusing on and privileging the nine classical Moomin books, it would, however, be a mistake to overlook Jansson's comic strips. This is so, not only because of the quality of Jansson's drawings and because of the way she innovatively worked with and developed that graphic medium, but certainly also because of the stories they contain. When read alongside the books, the comic strips add important aspects and nuances to Jansson's portrayal of human existence. By allowing herself the freedom to radically change the setting and scenery of the stories, Jansson was able to explore quite different topics than was possible in the novels, and in particular to offer a somewhat different account of the role of customs, normality and tradition.


We associate to every irreducible representation of a reductive group over a local field of equal characteristics a local Langlands parameter up to semisimplification and prove the compatibility with the global parameterization constructed by the second author. Our method involves stacks of restricted shtukas (which are analogues of truncated Barsotti-Tate groups) and nearby cycles over arbitrary bases.


Background: Anemia in pregnancy is one of the conditions where the hemoglobin level is lower than the normal level, which is <11 g /dl. The nutritional adequacy rate of pregnant women have a role in the process of anemia. Diversity in food consumption have an important role in helping to increase iron substance absorption in the body.
Objective: To determine the relationship of iron substance and vitamin C adequacy rates with the incidence of anemia in third trimester pregnant women.
Methods: This study is observational research with a cross sectional study approach. Sampling by using simple random sampling method for 47 subjects pregnant women of third trimester was determined by using the Lemeshow formula. Data analysis using Chi-Square test.


For the past 15 or so years, the medical academic, and subsequently non-academic community, have been the victims of an imposed redefinition of mission: that is, medical practice as a "business." Because the business world has no ethic with regard to the patient, it cares nothing for the Hippocratic Oath or the General Welfare clause of the Constitution. The new character of our profession was despised by most physicians, and foreign to us all. By first-hand experience, this was a slow, deliberate, and insidious oppression. In about the early to mid-1990s, my first encounter with the opposition to my mission as a physician, came when I was asked to sign documents for my patients regarding insurance-related issues, applications for special equipment, or disability claims. My required signature was to appear on the line designated "vendor," a term which since has evolved into "provider." This experience was paralleled by a new institutional administrative designation of patients as "customers" and a new academic department definition of physician "productivity" as dollars collected. As if by magic, and in synchrony with the professional insult and denigration, appeared the new authority of "evidence-based medicine," which claimed to be the final scientific diktat for determining diagnostic technology and treatment of the individual patient in the daily practice of medicine. But, evidence-based medicine is only a pseudo-science. It soon became clear that the physician and his/her patient were no longer individuals, expert and unique in their own right, but now robots who are to mechanically follow commands and respond in predictable fashion. But to whom? After much consideration and study over the years, it has become clear to me that evidence-based medicine either was in its original intent, or has become, a budgetcutting and potential population-control measure. Because it is wrapped up in scientific-sounding rhetoric, it has captured the attention of well-meaning physicians who want to incorporate science into their decisions, and has been sold to the public as an advancement in care. To get an idea of the intention behind evidencebased medicine, look at NICE, the British National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, another Orwellian name for cost-cutting medical triage. It has thus become apparent to me as well as others that the much discussed "health-care reform" has the intention of following the corporate model of "business is business," instead of any humane response to the needs of the acutely ill, elderly, and infirm.


1. Jarzebowski W, Caumes E, Dupin N, et al; for the FHDH-ANRS CO4 Study Team. Effect of early syphilis infection on plasma viral load and CD4 cell count in human immunodeficiency virus–infected men: results from the FHDH-ANRS CO4 cohort [published online July 23, 2012]. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(16):1237-1243. 2. Buchacz K, Patel P, Taylor M, et al. Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections. AIDS. 2004;18(15):2075-2079. 3. Palacios R, Jiménez-Oñate F, Aguilar M, et al. Impact of syphilis infection on HIV viral load and CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44(3):356-359. 4. Sadiq ST, McSorley J, Copas AJ, et al. The effects of early syphilis on CD4 counts and HIV-1 RNA viral loads in blood and semen. Sex Transm Infect. 2005;81(5):380-385. 5. Kofoed K, Gerstoft J, Mathiesen LR, Benfield T. Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 coinfection: influence on CD4 T-cell count, HIV-1 viral load, and treatment response. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33(3):143-148. 6. Su JR, Beltrami JF, Zaidi AA, Weinstock HS. Primary and secondary syphilis among black and Hispanic men who have sex with men: case report data from 27 states. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(3):145-151. 7. Fisher JD, Amico KR, Fisher WA, Harman JJ. The information-motivationbehavioral skills model of antiretroviral adherence and its applications. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2008;5(4):193-203. 8. Barnabas RV, Webb EL, Weiss HA, Wasserheit JN. The role of coinfections in HIV epidemic trajectory and positive prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2011;25(13):1559-1573. 9. Modjarrad K, Chamot E, Vermund SH. Impact of small reductions in plasma HIV RNA levels on the risk of heterosexual transmission and disease progression. AIDS. 2008;22(16):2179-2185. 10. Modjarrad K, Vermund SH. Effect of treating co-infections on HIV-1 viral load: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(7):455-463. 11. Steen R, Wi TE, Kamali A, Ndowa F. Control of sexually transmitted infections and prevention of HIV transmission: mending a fractured paradigm. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(11):858-865. 12. Kurth AE, Celum C, Baeten JM, Vermund SH, Wasserheit JN. Combination HIV prevention: significance, challenges, and opportunities. Curr HIV/ AIDS Rep. 2011;8(1):62-72.


These records consist of Smithsonian Announcements, 1970-1979. See also Record Unit 50, Record Unit 486, Record Unit 294, and Accession 99-023 for Smithsonian issuances.


A high-speed extended-term (HSET) time domain simulator (TDS), intended to become a part of an energy management system (EMS), has been newly developed for use in online extended-term dynamic cascading analysis of power systems. HSET-TDS includes the following attributes for providing situational awareness of high-consequence events: i) online analysis, including n-1 and n-k events, ii) ability to simulate both fast and slow dynamics for 1-3 hours in advance, iii) inclusion of rigorous protection-system modeling, iv) intelligence for corrective action ID, storage, and fast retrieval, and v) high-speed execution. Very fast on-line computational capability is the most desired attribute of this simulator. Based on the process of solving algebraic differential equations describing the dynamics of power system, HSET-TDS seeks to develop computational efficiency at each of the following hierarchical levels, i) hardware, ii) strategies, iii) integration methods, iv) nonlinear solvers, and v) linear solver libraries. This thesis first describes the Hammer-Hollingsworth 4 (HH4) implicit integration method. Like the trapezoidal rule, HH4 is symmetrically A-Stable but it possesses greater high-order precision (h) than the trapezoidal rule. Such precision enables larger integration steps and therefore improves simulation efficiency for variable step size implementations. This thesis provides the underlying theory on which we advocate use of HH4 over other numerical integration methods for power system time-domain simulation. Second, motivated by the need to perform high speed extended-term time domain simulation (HSET-TDS) for on-line purposes, this thesis presents principles for designing numerical solvers of differential algebraic systems associated with power system time-


AbstractThis investigation assessed elementary and secondary level regular classroom and special education teachers' beliefs about administrators, parents of handicapped and nonhandicapped students, and parental perceptions of educators. This was accomplished by administering the Teachers' Beliefs About Parents, Teachers' Beliefs About Administrators, and Perceptions of Parental Beliefs Concerning Teachers scales to 462 experienced educators. The major finding was that teachers, across demographic variables, held significantly more positive beliefs about parents of nonhandicapped students than parents of handicapped students. Three approaches to influence teacher beliefs about parents of handicapped students are presented.


Alastair Scott, 49, is a beer sommelier and food journalist from Banbury. He is also the landlord of the Square and Compass pub in North Righton near ...


This research analyzes the thoughts of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas about the concept of educators and students. This type of research uses literature. The results of the research show that the concept of Educator and Student for Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas is that an educator is a teacher whose job is not only to transfer knowledge, but also to train the soul and character of students by having good moral character so that they can be used as role models for their students, while students are someone who studies at an educator where he not only prioritizes his knowledge but understands etiquette as a student as well as applies it in his life. The concept of educators and students Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas is very relevant to be used as a reference in both formal and non-formal education environments in Indonesia today. Because the concept of Educator and Learner Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas discusses the improvement of adab in the world of education to date.


The variety in the physical dimensions and fissile enrichment values of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) spent nuclear fuels, in contrast to commercial PWR and BWR fuels, requires a modified approach to criticality analyses toward acceptance for disposal in the national repository. The initial approach for ensuring criticality safety segregated these various fuels into nine distinct groups based on their fuel matrix composition. A baseline fuel type was then selected from each group to bound, for purposes of criticality analysis, all other fuels in that group. After these initial analyses, it will be necessary to demonstrate how all the fuels in the DOE inventory are bounded by the nine distinct groups.


Aims: The aim of this study is to describe how the mental health service users experienced social inclusion and employment in the European Union EMILIA project. Methods: The study design is an intervention group follow-up study, with data collection at three points: baseline (T0), at 10-month follow-up (T1), and at 20-month follow-up (T2). The data for this study were collected with thematically interviews from mental health service users and were thematic analyzed with content analysis. The number of participants was 23, including two to four service users per each demonstration site. Results: Most users experienced improvement in their social life. Employment and participation in meaningful activities continued to improve to the end of the EMILIA project, although at a slower pace. In addition, users were motivated for work and actively searched for employment. Having a mental illness, stigma, and discrimination were reported to be obstacles to social inclusion. The difficulties identified in social relationships continued to exist. Conclusions: Training intervention had a positine impact on mental health service users' social inclusion and employment. However, stigma, discrimination, and mental illness are still barriers to users' integration.


The document presents a geotechnical-structural analysis methodology based on elastic theories and the cost increase of the structure design obtained by using this methodology was also calculated. A 6-level reinforced concrete building founded on a clay soil that originated settlements due to one-dimensional consolidation was analyzed, producing a new analysis due to the increase in distortions in the structure generating a stress differential and increased moments in the structural elements. The analysis of the structure showed that the deformation energy of these stress differentials will be dissipated through the materials that make up the structural elements of reinforced concrete. It was concluded that increasing the amount of structural steel by 85.05% would absorb the increase in the moment produced by settlements due to one-dimensional consolidation, directly affecting the cost of the project, but reducing the probability of generation of cracks in the structural elements and the future collapse of the building.


Grass-roots victims' rights organizations have had substantial success in recent years regarding legislative changes supportive of victim issues. The movement, however, has avoided empirical scrutiny, perhaps due to the diverse nature of local groups. This paper compares data collected from one of these organizations in a Southern state with a sample of non-activist victims. Demographic and attitudinal data reveal significant differences between activist and nonactivist victims. The analysis suggests that, due to such differences, the victims' rights movement may not adequately represent the needs or desires of all victims. Instead, depending upon the demographic composition of local victims groups, the focus of advocated legislative change may vary significantly.


AbstractAccurate prediction of progressive damage and failure of structural steels is a nontrivial issue in practical design and assessment of steel structural buildings. It appears far more import...


The great majority of solar (photovoltaic) modules currently being installed worldwide are made from wafer-based silicon solar cells. The wafers used are typically 200-350um thick while the wafering process leads to a kerf loss of another 200-250um per wafer. For cells made using this approach, the cost of the starting wafer is approximately half the cost of the finished photovoltaic module. In order to achieve future cost reductions, a substantial reduction in the amount of silicon used per unit area of module is required. Several approaches are being considered to reduce the cost of the silicon. These include improvements to conventional wafering technology to produce thinner wafers with reduced kerf loss; novel wafering techniques; the growth of thin 'silicon ribbon' material which does not require wafering; and the deposition of thin polycrystalline silicon films on foreign substrates. In this paper, some of these approaches are briefly discussed. We then focus on the so-called lift-off techniques, in which silicon films are epitaxially grown on a single crystal silicon substrate and subsequently detached. These techniques have attracted substantial interest in the past 5 years. In principle, they are an elegant way to achieve the dual aims of high material quality and low cost. We present several of these techniques and their current status. Finally, we discuss the practical challenges that need to be addressed for these approaches to become viable for solar module production.


ABSTRACT Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are potent neurotoxins produced by certain dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial species. The autonomous production of PSTs by bacteria remains controversial. In this study, PST production by two bacterial strains, isolated previously from toxic dinoflagellates, was evaluated using biological and analytical methods. Analyses were performed under conditions determined previously to be optimal for toxin production and detection. Our data are inconsistent with autonomous bacterial PST production under these conditions, thereby challenging previous findings for the same strains.


Many scholars have focused their attention on studying how firm productivity is affected by the characteristics of the location in which they are embedded. Diversification and specialisation externalities are the main ingredients. However, what is the proper geographical level to refer to a firm's local system and at which level these externalities work is still unclear. Using detailed firm-level data of 5,627 manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom, we investigate the effects of external agglomeration economies on firm's labour productivity, comparing different geographical levels: functional urban area (FUA), municipality (postcode area) and within the city (postcode district and sector). Results show that the functional urban area does not seem to be an appropriate level to detect agglomeration effects. Instead, agglomeration economies start to play a role at a more disaggregated level of analysis. While diversification externalities play a role at the municipality level, specialisation externalities operate at a finer level, within the municipality and in a closer neighbourhood to the firm.