• Understand the major trends in primate evolution from the origin of primates to the origin of our own species • Learn about primate adaptations and how they characterize major primate groups • Discuss the kinds of evidence that anthropologists use to find out how extinct primates are related to each other and to living primates • Recognize how the changing geography and climate of Earth have influenced where and when primates have thrived or gone extinct


We report on our experiences in building a computational environment for tomographic image analysis for marine seismologists studying the structure and evolution of mid- ocean ridge volcanism. The computational environment is determined by an evolving set of requirements for this problem domain and includes needs for high performance parallel computing, large data analysis, model visualiza tion, and computation interaction and control. Although these needs are not unique in scientific computing, the integration of techniques for seismic tomography with tools for parallel computing and data analysis into a com putational environment was (and continues to be) an interesting, important learning experience for researchers in both disciplines. For the geologists, the use of the environment led to fundamental geologic discoveries on the East Pacific Rise, the improvement of parallel ray-trac ing algorithms, and a better regard for the use of compu tational steering in aiding model convergence. The com puter scientists received valuable feedback on the use of programming, analysis, and visualization tools in the en vironment. In particular, the tools for parallel program data query (DAQV) and visualization programming (Viz) were demonstrated to be highly adaptable to the problem do main. We discuss the requirements and the components of the environment in detail. Both accomplishments and limitations of our work are presented.


People's love for their beauty and their homes has taken the modern landscaping to another level, much more sophisticated of the one before. Today's tendencies are to create thematic gardens or corners in the impressive styles that have contributed to the developing landscaping architecture. For a great impact it is important to have knowledge about the plants chosen in the garden, the way they will develop over the years, their needs for light, soil and water so they can vegetate well and most of all the impact they will have to the viewer's eye.


Meeting a service user with his or her family in acute care settings to discuss their thoughts, hopes and concerns provides important therapeutic benefits. It can help counter some of the potentially negative consequences of hospital admission for the service user and family. Because people usually enter hospital during a period of crisis, approaches that are flexible and responsive to the specific needs of each client and family are required. To practise in this way, staff require access to training and continuing supervision that also needs to be delivered flexibly and responsively.


A heat-dissipating structure 2 for a lighting device 1, the heat-dissipating structure 2 having at least two separate heat sinks 20, 10 for the driver 7 for each light source 3 and the light source, the heat sink 20, 10 has fins 21,22,11 and wall arrangement 15 and 25, wherein at least two separate heat sinks 20, 10 are arranged along the axial direction of the lighting device 1, at least two separate heat sink 20 , the fins 21,22,11 10 is surrounded by walls arranged to form a chimney structure 30 are arranged along the axial direction of the illumination device 1, chimney structure 30 reduces the thermal coupling for, in order to provide two air flow simultaneously, with at least two sub-chimney structures 31 and 32 are parallel to fluidly disposed.


Achievements in the field of general education of the Azerbaijan Republic are quite high. "National Strategy for Development of education of the Azerbaijan Republic" to define the tasks that must be done for the development of education. This document defined the transition to a qualitatively new stage in the field of education, the path of modernization of education and human capital development.


. This study aimed to determine the effect of quality of work life on the job satisfaction of contract workers at the University of Mataram. This research is quantitative research with the ex-post facto method. The population of this study were all contract workers at the University of Mataram, amounting to 1152 people. The research sample was 91 contract workers who were taken using a proportionate random sampling technique. The study results are that an 8.2% quality of work life influences the job satisfaction of contract workers at the University of Mataram. Thus, the better the quality of work life, the job satisfaction of contract workers at Mataram University will increase.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of alternative air/N2 atmospheres on the hot corrosion behavior of four commercial steels (SB450, STP A24, STP A26 and 430SS) with NaCl deposit. Corrosion tests were carried out at 850℃ with a const flow-rate of 600 mL/min. In the air atmosphere, the results showed that the metal loss decreased with increasing chromium content and the SB450 had the greatest metal loss among the four alloys studied. The scales formed on A24 and SB450 were triple layer of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and Fe(subscript 1-X)O from the outer to the inner. The high-Cr-content alloys (A26 and 430SS) formed an outer layer of iron oxide and an inner layer of chromina. In the N2 atmosphere, oxychlorination did not occur, and all specimens only had slight metal loss. Only chromina formed on the high chromium content alloys (A26 and 430SS) due to its low dissociation pressure of oxygen.


Solvatochromic behavior of acetone in supercritical CO 2 was investigated over a wide range of pressures from 75 to 240 bar and at 318.15 K using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Local density of CO 2 about the solute was estimated from the solvatochromic shift of acetone based on the McRae-Bayliss dielectric continuum model. The most remarkable aggregation of CO 2 about the solute occurs at the reduced density of 0.5∼0.6. A simple clustering model was presented to estimate the excess solvent number about each solute molecule to the bulk region. In the near-critical region. the excess number of CO 2 is larger than the cluster size at infinite dilution defined by Debenedetti, which may be attributed to the formation of solute-solute clusters.


Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are distinct clinical phenotypes resulting from paternal and maternal deficiencies respectively in human chromosome 15q11-q13. The data suggest the presence of oppositely imprinted genes in the region, and the gene for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated polypeptide N (SNRPN) has been identified as a candidate gene for PWS. Previous strategies for positional cloning identified a number of transcripts from the PWS/AS region, and two of them, PAR-5 (D15S226E) and PAR-1 (D15S227E), are paternally expressed in cultured human cells from patients deleted for 15q11-q13 as is SNRPN. Cosmid contig maps have been developed from the following YACs (contained loci in parentheses): 307A12 (D15S13), 457B4 (SNRPN), 132D4 (D15S10), A229A2, and 378A12 (D15S113), to facilitate molecular studies of PWS and AS. Exon trapping has been employed to isolate putative exons from these overlapping cosmids. Two trapped fragments from the D15S113 region and one fragment from the SNRPN region has been isolated. Sequence information is available for all of the fragments. In addition to imprinting analysis in cultured human cells, we have developed a method to detect imprinting in mouse and human using a GC-clamped denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis strategy, in combination with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The imprintingmore » analyses of putative exons are in progress to investigate their possible candidacy for involvement in PWS or AS phenotypes.« less


In order to determine the effectiveness of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)on chilling injury and disease resistance of tomato fruit after cold storage.Green mature 'Zheza 205' tomato fruit was treated by 1 μL · L-1 1-MCP before being stored at 3 ℃ for 14 days then ripen at 20 ℃ for 16 days.The quality and physiology of tomato fruit were investigated.1-MCP treatment not only promoted chilling injury and disease index,but also increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase.1-MCP treatment retarded the peak of ethylene and the increase of lycopene,maintained higher content of titratable acidity and firmness.The activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were also inhibited by 1-MCP treatment.This study indicated that 1 μL · L-1 1-MCP delayed tomato fruit ripen,but promoted chilling injury and disease incidence,and showed that it could not be considered for commercial use in tomato fruit after cold storage.


Information Abstract Title: The impact of Water Supply and Sanitation interventions on child health: evidence from DHS surveys Abstract: In this paper I examine the impacts on child health, using diarrhea as the health outcome, (amongst children living in households) with access to different types of water and sanitation facilities, and from socio-economic and child specific factors. Using cross-sectional health DHS survey data, I employ the propensity score method to match children belonging to different treatment groups, defined by water types and sanitation facilities, with children in a control group. I also employ time differenced and quantile regression techniques to compare my results and to check for their robustness. Results indicate that disease-specific awareness has strong marginal effects on reducing the predicted probabilities of diarrhoeal outcomes in young children, which are consistent across the models utilised. I also find disease-specific awareness to have the largest impact on reducing the burden of disease from diarrhoea across a select group of predictors


The utility model relates to an application structure of a connector and belongs to electrical type, which is mainly characterized in that the application structure of a connector is provided with a plurality of all-in-one connector sockets which are arranged on the application structure independently or abreast or aheap. Each of the all-in-one connector socket is mainly provided with a patchhole, a plurality of connecting ports are arranged inside the patchhole, and the patchhole can be inserted by USB and the series of HDMI, DIIVA, E-SATA, Display port, SD (SD, SDHC and SDXC), MS (MS Pro Duo, MSHG Pro Duo, MSXC Pro Duo, Micro MS, Micro MSHG, and MiscroMSXC), MMC (MMC, RS-MMC, MMC Plus, RS-MMC Plus and MMC Micro), CF (I and II), XD (XD and SMC) or SIM, thereby enabling the users to insert connectors of different sizes and types into the same device, saving time and simplifying procedures.


Real-time voltage stability assessment is a key requisite in modern power networks equipped with renewable distributed generation sources and complex loads. Synchrophasor technology has become a prominent WAMS technology and has gained increasing popularity due to limitations in conventional SCADA systems. This study discusses the end to end process of real-time voltage stability assessment by using a PMU network. Evaluation of largest Lyapunov exponent is identified as an efficient method of determining the real-time stability by performing several dynamic test cases.


There are several works performing accurate skeleton extraction, however, their main drawback is the extensive computational requirements and the lack of solutions that can be executed in multi-core computing systems. These challenges, become more demanding when we are dealing with dense 3D models. To cope with this scarcity we propose a novel method that extends a well known contraction-based skeletonization method, enabling its decentralization resulting in significant improvement in skeleton extraction times.


. Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined in sediment and in tissues of five species of soft-bottom marine macrophytes (Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera noltii, Ruppia cirrhosa and Caulerpa prolifera) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Levels of metals were low in most of the sampling stations and similar to those found by other authors in uncontaminated zones. Certain locations, however, showed some degree of contamination (Cambrils, Almassora, Alacant, Mar Menor and El Portus). In Santa Pola we found high contents of metals in one sample of sediment due to the high proportion of the fine fraction (particules < 63µm) and organic matter, but not in the seagrass species. Mercury and zinc concentrations in the sediment are correlated to those in at least some anatomic fractions of Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa and Caulerpa prolifera, suggesting that these species reflect the levels of these metals in the environment. Lead contents in the alga Caulerpa prolifera are also correlated to those in the sediment, while no significant correlations were obtained for cadmium. Among the species studied, Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa seem to be better biomonitors than Caulerpa prolifera.


Based on the recognition of bio-target molecules, screening novel anti-cancer drugs has become one of the research focuses. The revealing of the relationship between the G-quadruplex and cancer by modern molecular biology techniques provides a new opportunity to the anti-cancer drugs research. A general consensus is that organic molecules that induce or stabilize G-quadruplex structures could pave the way for the discovery of novel anti-cancer agents. Therefore, it attracts the interest of chemists and biologists in the research on anticancer drug structure screening and rational design target in G-quadruplex. The present article aims to highlight recent advances in the screening and design of G-quadruplex ligands and development of the anticancer drugs. Firstly, two screening ap-proaches based on the recognition of G-quadruplex are introduced, one is fast screening of G-quadruplex ligands from natural plant extracts based on NMR, the other is screening anticancer compounds by molecular docking techniques. Secondly, the numerous ligands can be classified into four different categories on the basis of their cationic nature, (1) in situ protonation of an amine ap-pendage, (2) N-methylation of an aza-aromatic moiety, (3) the presence of a metal centre, and (4) noncationic ligands. Finally, two quadruplex-related drug candidates CX3543 and AS1411 have en-tered phase I clinical trial, and the mechanism of them has been explored.


microbial suitable for CI. Amoxicillin, aztreonam, benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime, flucloxacillin, meropenem, piperacillin/ tazobactam, temocillin and vancomycin were included as antimicrobials. Catheter type, number of lumens, administration mode, loading and maintenance dose, and pump settings were assessed by comparing the electronic prescription and patient file with the observations. Drug incompatibilities (DI) were analysed using the compatibility information provided in Trissel's two clinical pharmaceutics database and categorised as compatible, incompatible, uncertain or none. DI were defined as incompatibility or uncertainty about the compatibility between at least two simultaneously Y site administered drugs. Results 107 observations in 86 patients were performed and 113 antimicrobial prescriptions were analysed. Peripheral lines were most commonly used (53%), followed by central venous catheters (35%) and peripherally inserted central catheters (10%). Single, double, triple and quadruple lumen catheters accounted for 56%, 23%, 17% and 4%, respectively. CI therapy was prescribed, according to hospital guidelines, in 96% of patients, 93% of whom received a loading dose. In 96% of cases a correct maintenance dose was administered. Only 63% of the infusion bags/syringes were labelled appropriately. In 7% of the observations, the pump settings did not match the prescribed dose, causing both over and under dosing in three patients (defined as >105% and <95% of the prescribed daily dose, respectively). We observed DI in 28% (30/ 107) of cases, mostly with single lumen catheters (63%), and in haematological patients (37%). Moreover, change from CI to intermittent infusion was the only solution to overcome DI in 73% of these cases. Conclusion and relevance We found that administration issues were common in CI of antimicrobials. In response, we started educational sessions, the hospital policy was slightly adapted, including allowing intermittent infusion in the case of DI, and we created a prescribing alert for the assistance of a clinical pharmacist for DI review.


The high tightness,strong flow capacity,quick response and high ability of anti-pollution of poppet valve have been widely applied in liquid transportation.This paper applied PHOENICS liquid calculating software and the turbulence computation model,analysed the simulation results,acquired the relationship between current capacity change,open degree chang and flow runner structure.The research result of this paper will give directive function to the analysis of poppet valve function,optimization of flow runner structure and practical engineering.


Formation,development and evolution of intra-product division has a large effect upon international economic cooperation,national economic development and enterprise operation.However,for recent years,the effect of RMB foreign exchange rate upon Chinese economic growth is a hot topic with popular attention.Therefore,it is of practical and theoretical significance to make research on this issue.In this paper,first,we discuss how the change of foreign exchange rate affects national economic growth through import and export trade and international direct investment under the condition of intra-product division.Then make a test that whether RMB real effective exchange rate can affect national economic growth with annual data during the period from 1981 to 2009.Finally,we propose policy and suggestion for present situation of RMB appreciation.


In this article, we advance on ongoing debates about how global supply chain monitoring can work to improve conditions for workers in those supply chains. We propose an approach to worker-driven monitoring and introduce a set of core elements that should form the basis of this new approach to monitoring labour conditions in global supply chains. We argue that supply chain workers' participation in labour monitoring systems cannot be confined to the moment of factory inspection. Instead it must be understood as part of a larger process which incorporates workers from the point of designing the systems that will be monitored through to the point of remediation. We conclude that such a systematic and comprehensive approach is necessary to ensure that monitoring processes are meaningful and place the rights of workers at their core.


5,6-Dimethyl-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine (12) has been synthesised by three different routes: (a) glycosylation of thetrimethylsilyl derivative (5) of 5,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine, (b) the fusion procedure, and (c) ring closure of an imidazole nucleoside. The assignment of the site of ribosylation and of the anomeric configuration of compound (12) and the imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine nucleosides -(10) and (11) is discussed.


The adaptive module of the 4-m SOAR telescope (SAM) has been tested on the sky by closing the loop on natural stars. Then it was re-configured for operation with low-altitude Rayleigh laser guide star in early 2011. We describe the performance of the SAM LGS system and various improvements made during one year of on-sky tests. With acceptably small LGS spots of 1.6′′ the AO loop is robust and achieves a resolution gain of almost two times in the I band, under suitable conditions. The best FWHM resolution so far is 0.25′′ over the 3′ field of the CCD imager.


To be successful in modern manufacturing environment organisations must be supported by both effective and efficient maintenance programmes. One approach to improving the performance of maintenance activities is to implement and develop a total productive maintenance (TPM) strategy. However, TPM implementation is adversely affected by a few factors, which are known as TPM barriers. The objective of this paper is to develop the relationships among the identified TPM barriers. Further, this paper is also helpful to understand mutual influences of barriers and to identify those barriers which support other barriers (driving barrier) and also those barriers which are most influenced by other barriers (dependent barriers). The interpretive structural modelling (ISM) methodology is used to evolve mutual relationships among these barriers.


Basing on calculation of the amount of industrial carbon emission in China,industrial carbon emission and its' factors by using the grey slope-correlation model on the perspective of environmental regulation are analyzed,and the degrees of grey slope-correlation are calculated.The study shows that technological innovation,recycle economy and environmental regulation have greater impact on carbon emission.The degrees of grey slope-correlation are all more than 80%.So the paper proposes as follows: strengthening technological innovation,promoting optimization and upgrading of industrial structure,developing recycle economy and improving environmental regulation polices,and so on.


This document serves as an example on how to use the template for the WEWoRC 2007 workshop. In particular, it shows how to use tables, graphics, figures and the bibliography in this template. In this context, we also want to refer to the second article at the last page.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the leadership characteristics of effective Colorado Outward Bound school instructors and develop criteria which might be useful in their selection. A biographical inventory questionnaire was developed and administered, along with the FIRO-B personality test, to 130 instructors and assistant instructors at the Colorado Outward Bound school. Profiles of instructors and assistant instructors rated "most effective" and "least effective" were compared to determine if statistically significant differences between the two groups existed. Statistical evidence was found relating a limited number of biographical characteristics to leadership effectiveness. There was no statistical evidence linking personality characteristics and leadership effectiveness.


The mixing of radioactive waste slurries by Pulse Jet Mixers (PJM) was simulated by using non-Newtonian clay suspensions. A quarter scale mockup of a 6 PJM cluster configuration was tested with different nozzle sizes of 25.4 mm, 31.8 mm, and 38.1 mm I.D., nozzle velocities of 8–18 m/sec, and yield stresses from 11 to 35 Pa. Mixing was measured by dye and ultrasonic velocity probe methods. Under PJM only operation, a well mixed region or cavern is developed which is distinct from the stagnant region. The data of cavern heights to tank diameter ratio are well correlated as a function of the product of the Yield Reynolds number to the square root power and the ratio of nozzle to tank diameter. A fully mixed tank was obtained for a nozzle diameter of 38.1 mm, nozzle velocity of 18 m/sec and yield stress of 21 Pa. An alternate mixing configuration consisting of 25.4 mm nozzles and 5 spargers at 3 scfm each, 18 m/s nozzle velocity and yield stress of 30 Pa was found also to be fully mixed using glass bead tracers which also simulated large solids.Copyright © 2005 by WSRC


ABSTRACT This paper examines the development of social scripts and their acceptance as a norm using the case of fatherhood through surrogacy in the gay community in Israel. Gay fatherhood became normalized in Israel since the mid-1990s, and surrogacy has become the homonormative fatherhood choice during the last decade. The paper is based on two qualitative studies involving 60 in-depth interviews with Israeli gay men who chose to become fathers (by means of adoption, surrogacy or co-parenting, as singles, couples or multi-parent families). Their narratives give both a temporal account, of how the gay community in Israel used to perceive child-bearing practices in the past, as well as an overview of the practices and social norms that are manifested in the community today. We show that initially, during the 1970s and 1980s, counter-hegemonic scripts evolved, rejecting the heteronormative ideal of natality. Later on, during the 1990s a second script involved separating parenthood from couple-based relationships and developing separate co-parenthood relationships. Since 2005, with the appearance of surrogacy as a medical, social and legal option, these previous discourses subsided and were replaced by the new couple-based fatherhood script. In a society that embraces child-bearing and medically assisted reproduction, surrogacy offered gay men the possibility of becoming a family 'like any other'.


A novel clustering model,i.e.,the g-Cluster,is developed on the basis of generalized similarity for the special properties and disadvantages of existing clustering algorithms of co-regulated genes.The positive and negative co-regulated genes in this model are integrated into the same cluster if and only if they are provided with the same code.Further,a tree-based clustering algorithm FBTD(first breadth then depth) is proposed,where the priorities in search strategy is that the breadth is taken first then the depth,to find out all the maximal g-Clusters with high-efficiency pruning rules and optimizing strategy performed simultaneously.Applying the FBTD algorithm to real datasets involving genes,both the theoretic and testing results showed that the algorithm is practically efficient.


The still existing differences of opinion respecting the botanical affinities of the Sigillariæ give value to every new fact calculated to throw light upon the question. In 1865, Edward Wunsch, Esq., of Glasgow, made a discovery, which proves to have an important bearing upon it. He found, at Laggan Bay, in Arran, a series of rather thin Carboniferous strata, separated by thick beds of volcanic ash, and in one of the Carboniferous shales especially, he discovered the bases of the stems of numerous very large trees, standing perpendicularly to the shales. These trees have been referred to by several authors as Sigillarian.


ABSTRACT An apparatus for studies of artificial sediments was constructed. It is equipped with a coring rig that includes a novel design of self closing valve for vertical coring of unconsolidated sediments, and a device for horizontal sampling of microanalysis. Eh, pH, H2S, and O2 are measured by microelectrodes inserted directly into the microsampler. The apparatus, originally designed to study a simulated sedimentary system, can be used for a variety of sedimentological studies.


Purpose: of this paper is evaluation of behaviour of plasma nitrided layers subjected to influence of internal and external hydrogen. Properties of nitrided layers like: hydrogen permeation and trapping, fracture mode, and plasticity were examined. Design/methodology/approach: Structural low-alloy steel was nitrided at glow discharge in the gas mixture of various N2, H2, and Ar content. Samples with nitrided layers were subjected to cathodic hydrogen charging in acid solution simulating the aged engine oil hydrogenating environment. The effect of the nitrided layers on the hydrogen transport and on the irreversible trapping was evaluated by the measurements of the hydrogen permeation rate and by the vacuum extraction, respectively. Surfaces with modified layers were examined with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after hydrogen permeation tests. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) on samples with and without nitrided layers was carried out in hydrogen generating environment. After SSRT fracture mode and plasticity of nitrided layers were examined with SEM. Findings: In the presence of the not defected compact nitride layer, no hydrogen permeation through the steel has been stated under the experimental conditions. Influence of hydrogen content in working atmosphere, i.e. internal hydrogen, was found. Absorbed hydrogen, i.e. external hydrogen, was accumulated within this layer. Research limitations/implications: There is no possibility to perform direct observations of exact mechanism of hydrogen-assisted cracking so far. Further research should be taken to reveal the exact mechanism of increased plasticity of nitrided layer with absorbed hydrogen. Practical implications: Plasma nitrided layers are effective barriers to hydrogen entry into structural steel utilised in aggressive environments, which is especially important in the case of possible hydrogen charging of exploited steel. Originality/value: Using the atmosphere of the higher nitrogen to hydrogen ratio at plasma assisted nitriding provides the formation of thin compact nitride zone, highly protective against corrosion and hydrogen degradation. Evidences of a likely increased plasticity of nitrided layers with absorbed hydrogen was observed.


The city public security video surveillance system uses the computer and network communication technology to achieve effective monitoring of urban security.It plays an important role in urban law and order management.In this paper,the construction scheme for the city police and monitoring technology system is proposed.It is based on demand and application and aims at usability,creativity and sustainability.It can serve as a reference for comprehensive city public security monitoring.


The invention provides a method and a system for controlling a dynamic gear and an economical gear of a pure electric automobile. The system comprises an entire automobile controller, a gear shifter, an accelerator pedal, a brake pedal, a drive motor controller and a power battery controller, wherein the whole automobile controller is used for judging whether the automobile is in a dynamic running state, an economical running state, a driving state, a braking state or a sliding state according to a gear signal of the gear shifter, an opening signal of the accelerator pedal, an on-off signal of the brake pedal, an automobile speed signal and the like, and formulating a corresponding torque calculation strategy, as well as collecting a gear shifter fault signal, an accelerator pedal failure signal, a failure signal fed back by the drive motor controller, a fault signal fed back by the power battery controller and the like, performing fault diagnosis and finally sending target torque to control the power output of the automobile. By virtue of the gear shifting, the method and the system can be used for reducing the energy consumption rate of the system and improving the driving mileage of the whole automobile while meeting an automobile dynamic performance target.


Abstract X-band EPR spectra have been recorded at room temperature for VO2+ impurity in single crystals of tris-Guanadiniumhexafluoroaluminate, [C(NH2)3]3 AIF6. 19F super hyperfine structure has been observed on the 51V hyperfine lines. VO2+ replaces Al3+ to form an effective VOF5 complex. There are three possible V-O bond orientations in the AIF6 octahedron but with differing occupancy factors. Bonding parameters have been evaluated.


ABSTRACT The domain structure of the single crystal KNbO3 (KN) in the orthorhombic ferroelectrics phase at room temperature is investigated using optical and trinocular microscope. The cleavage face of ferroelectric Al-doped KN crystals was chemically etched using CH3OH (Methanol). At room temperature and before etching, the 60°, 90° domains were observed on the crystal surface. A dislocation model is proposed to explain the nucleation and evaporation of the domain wall under the influence of the electric field, which can be used to study the changes in motion of ferroelectric domains. After etching with HNO3 (Nitric acid) and applying an electric field, the 180° domains were observed.


Overall design and cold test of a G-band gyrotron traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier are presented. This gyro-TWT aims at achieving a goal of 10-kW pulse output power in the range of 210–220 GHz. It is operated in a circular TE01 mode at the fundamental cyclotron harmonics, which is driven by a 50-kV, 3-A gyrating electron beam. Low velocity spread diode-type magnetron injection gun (MIG), multichannel TE01 mode input coupler, broadband metasurface output window, and lossy material loaded beam–wave interaction circuit are simulated and partially measured. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation shows that the designed gyro-TWT can achieve a saturated output power over 10 kW in the range of 210–228 GHz with a beam velocity spread of 2.29%.


We derived a fully-closed-form GN-model formula and tested its accuracy of over 7,000 highly randomized Cband system scenarios. By further applying a correction that leverages the large system test-set, we were able to substantially improve it and obtain EGN-model accuracy with real-time-compatible computation effort.


The structures of the Werner clathrates with the host complex [Ni(NCS)2(4-Phpy)4](4-Phpy = 4-phenylpyridine) and mixed guests (4-phenylpyridine + dimethyl sulphoxide), (4-phenylpyridine + 2-methoxyethanol), and (phenylacetylene + dimethyl sulphoxide) have been elucidated. The packing of these three complexes has been compared. Trends in the torsion angles of the host molecules of the complexes and of [Ni(NCS)2(4-Phpy)4]·m-MeC6H4Me are discussed and their importance to the process of clathration highlighted.


Author(s): Adey, D; An, FP; Balantekin, AB; Band, HR; Bishai, M; Blyth, S; Cao, D; Cao, GF; Cao, J; Chang, JF; Chang, Y; Chen, HS; Chen, SM; Chen, Y; Chen, YX; Cheng, J; Cheng, ZK; Cherwinka, JJ; Chu, MC; Chukanov, A; Cummings, JP; Dash, N; Deng, FS; Ding, YY; Diwan, MV; Dohnal, T; Dove, J; Dvořak, M; Dwyer, DA; Gonchar, M; Gong, GH; Gong, H; Gu, WQ; Guo, JY; Guo, L; Guo, XH; Guo, YH; Guo, Z; Hackenburg, RW; Hans, S; He, M; Heeger, KM; Heng, YK; Higuera, A; Hsiung, YB; Hu, BZ; Hu, JR; Hu, T; Hu, ZJ; Huang, HX; Huang, XT; Huang, YB; Huber, P; Jaffe, DE; Jen, KL; Ji, XL; Ji, XP; Johnson, RA; Jones, D; Kang, L; Kettell, SH; Koerner, LW; Kohn, S; Kramer, M; Langford, TJ; Lau, K; Lebanowski, L; Lee, J; Lee, JHC; Lei, RT; Leitner, R; Leung, JKC; Li, C; Li, F; Li, HL; Li, QJ; Li, S; Li, SC; Li, SJ; Li, WD; Li, XN; Li, XQ; Li, YF; Li, ZB; Liang, H | Abstract: © 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. A search for a time-varying νe signal was performed with 621 days of data acquired by the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment over 704 calendar days. The time spectrum of the measured νe flux normalized to its prediction was analyzed with a Lomb-Scargle periodogram, which yielded no significant signal for periods ranging from 2 hours to nearly 2 years. The normalized time spectrum was also fit for a sidereal modulation under the Standard Model Extension (SME) framework to search for Lorentz and CPT violation (LV-CPTV). Limits were obtained for all six flavor pairs ēμ,ēτ, μτ, ēē,μμ and ττ by fitting them one at a time, constituting the first experimental constraints on the latter three. Daya Bay's high statistics and unique layout of multiple directions from three pairs of reactors to three experimental halls allowed the simultaneous constraint of individual SME LV-CPTV coefficients without assuming others contribute negligibly, a first for a neutrino experiment.


This paper employs a simple-game-theoretic perspective to analyse the relationship between shareholding concentration and the voting power of leading coalitions among the top 200 non-financial corporations. The power index used to define controlling coalitions is the degree of control of Cubbin and Leech. The results show that, on the basis of observed levels of ownership concentration, control by small coalitions of shareholders was feasible for the majority of companies. There is no evidence on this basis to support a general assumption of a pervasive separation between ownership and control.


The invention relates to a pollution-free processing method of sulfur-containing waste alkaline solution. The method comprises the following steps: removing the floating oil, dispersed oil, and emulsified oil in the sulfur-containing waste alkaline solution through steps of solvent extraction, agglomeration, vortex separation, and mechanical oil removing; adding a metal sulfate desulfurizer to carry out reactions, carrying out solid-liquid separation through centrifugation, settlement, and filtration; adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the desulfurized waste alkaline solution to carry out reactions; adding desalinated water into the reaction precipitate or filtrate cake to prepare slurry, and transporting the slurry into a pressurized reactor to carry out wet oxidation regeneration. After the wet oxidation regeneration, the obtained metal sulfate desulfurizer can be reused, the obtained desulfurized waste alkaline solution can be used to neutralize acidic wastewater, or the desulfurized waste alkaline solution can be neutralized, and then transported to a sewage processing factory to mix with other sewage to carry out bio-treatment so as to meet the discharge standards. The desulfurization is carried out at a common temperature, thus the energy consumption is reduced, moreover, the volume of the waste alkaline solution needed to be processed by the wet oxidation treatment is reduced, and the secondary pollution caused by the volatilization of organic substances during the process of direct wet oxidation treatment of sulfur-containing waste alkaline solution is avoided.


An important and controversial stylized fact inindustrial organization is the positive correlationbetween industry profit and concentration. Oneinterpretation of this finding is based on thetheories of Chamberlin and Stigler, which imply thatconcentrated industries facilitate collusion. Butnon-cooperative profit maximizing behavior can alsogenerate a positive correlation. This paperpresents an equilibrium model of oligopoly whichnests the behavioral assumptions of Bertrand,Cournot, and Chamberlin. Simulations of the modelunder the Cournot assumption yield regressioncoefficients for the profits-concentration relationthat are very close to the estimated coefficients inthe literature.


We consider collective decisions under uncertainty, when agents have generalized Hurwicz preferences, a broad class allowing many different ambiguity attitudes, including subjective expected utility preferences. We consider sequences of acts that are "almost-objectively uncertain" in the sense that asymptotically, all agents almost-agree about the probabilities of the underlying events. We introduce a Pareto axiom which applies only to asymptotic preferences along such almost-objective sequences. This axiom implies that the social welfare function is utilitarian, but it does not impose any constraint on collective beliefs. On the other hand, a Pareto axiom for "dichotomous" acts implies that collective beliefs are contained in the closed convex hull of individual beliefs, but imposes no constraints on the social welfare function. Neither axiom entails any link between individual and collective ambiguity attitudes.


The objective of this research is to assess the level of urban park service provision in comparison to demand population size by region (e.g., dong) in Busan metropolitan areas. To this end, a park service provision assessment index is utilized. The index is built upon the difference between planned and actual levels of park service provision. For each region, planned level is obtained by multiplying the per capita service amount by the number of residents in that region. Actual level is estimated based on Huff model, where distance between parks and residential locations are explicitly accounted for in model building. Empirical analysis was carried out for Busan Metropolitan Area. The result shows that Gumsung-dong, Chunga-dong and Dongdaesin3-dong are well supplied with park service, while Hadan1-dong, Goejung2-dong and Joorae3-dong are under-provided when per capita service provision amount and the extent of service area are set to and 1km, respectively. It is argued that those regions that suffer from under-provision need to be highlighted such that a priority is given to those areas for establishing new urban parks when renewing urban management plan.


The technology to perform secure electronic transactions have been disclosed. The encrypted data between the present invention is a server computer 110 and that between the client computer 120 is directed to a method for performing an electronic transaction, the method server computer 110, and the hardware device 130 over the communication network 160 performing a first communication protocol to transmit and mutual authentication; Performing a decryption of the encrypted server responses received from the server computer 110 in the hardware device (130); Transferring to the client computer 120, the decrypted server responses from the hardware device (130); Displaying the decrypted server response to the client computer display 121 of the client computer 120; Receiving, by the client needs to be transmitted from the client computer 120 to the server computer 110 to the hardware device (130); Syntax analyzing by a client request for a given transaction information to the hardware device (130) (parsing); Comprising: a client request which does not contain any of the predetermined transaction information is encrypted by the hardware device 130 to the server computer (110); Displaying a predetermined transaction information upon detection of the client request to the hardware device, the display unit 210 of the hardware device (130); When the step of receiving user confirmation pass the client request including a desired transaction information to the server computer 110, and encryption; And if no user confirmation is received and a step of canceling the electronic transaction.


According to SILL (from Oxford 1990),taking 57 students who have learned Three Gorges Tourism English in Grade 2011 from Tourism and Management Department of Three Gorges Polytechnics in Hubei Province as subjects, the paper tests which strategies the students have grasped in learning tourism English. Also, it makes a survey of, by interviewing Travel Agencies, which achievements the employers required students to get, and analyzes which strategies the students should take to meet the needs of Travel Agencies and vigorous competition of labor market. The survey shows that descending orders of strategies the students take are emotion, the meta cognitive, cognitive,social,and memory strategy. Survey of compensation strategy is invalid. The result differs about efficient communicative ability that the travel agencies require and compensation strategy taken most frequently by Students in Shenzhen Polytechnics.


This study examined the effects of a music methods course offered at a Cypriot university on the singing skills of 33 female preservice kindergarten teachers. To systematically measure and analyze student progress, the research design was both experimental and descriptive. As an applied study which was carried out in situ, the normal procedures of the course were not altered. The methods course incorporated singing instruction in 24 lectures and two 10-minute private singing tutorials at the beginning and middle of the semester. Students' singing ability was measured before and after the course with a Singing Skills Assessment which required pitch matching and whole-song singing tasks. At the onset of the course 52% of participants could not echo sing accurately la-sol-mi patterns, 58% made several melodic mistakes when singing the criterion songs and only 36% could sing above A4. T test comparisons showed that by the end of the semester participants improved their singing skills significantly in the areas of pitch-matching melodic fragments (p < .001), singing simple children's songs (p < .001), and highest pitch (p < .001). It is proposed that music methods instructors include some private vocal tuition in their courses, in addition to learning children's songs, training in melodic patterns and simple vocal exercises.


I t i wnciitions which have a complicated genetical background, knowledge of linkage relations ma! help to identify certain genotypes. Important linkage information is provided by family I) 6, in which both the 1)uchenne type of muscular dystrophy and complete red blindness arc segregating. Only one type of colour hlindneuh is found among the tive individuals with defective colour vision. It is, therefore, iniprobablr that more t hail onv source of colour blindness was involved in this pedigree. These t w o factors enter into the cross in coupling. through I. 2 as inferred from the segregation inII . 'The two recessive allelomorphs arc found together in the son 11. 9, and according to the constitution of generation 111, in the daughter 11. 2. The corresponding type showing the two ctominttnts together is found in the son 11. 1. Information as to the colour vision of 11. 3 is absent because of his early death. &either is the constitution of the daughters, 11. 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10, known with regard to colour vision, as their sons have not been tested. Thus all members of generation I1 which have been classified show the two factors in coupling. The woman 11. 2 produccd eight children. In this sibship the sons, 111. 1, 3 and 5, are all dystrophic and colour blind. 111. 7 is neither. Thus four members belong to the non-cross-over class. l'wo of the remaining children carry only one recessive factor. 111. 4 is colour blind, and 111. 6 is dystrophic. These belong to the cross-over class. The girl 111. 2 has normal sight, but no further information is available about her genetical constitution as she has had no children. In the two sibvhips available the factors are segregating in coupling giving the following ratio :


Clients, administrators, and law enforcement personnel have many privacy concerns when it comes to network forensics. Clients would like to use network services in a freedom friendly environment that protects their privacy and personal data. Administrators would like to monitor their network, and audit its behavior and functionality for debugging and statistical purposes (which could involve invading the privacy of its network users). Finally, members of law enforcement would like to track and identify any type of digital crimes that occur on the network, and charge the suspect with the appropriate crimes. Members of law enforcement could use some security back doors made available by network administrators, or other forensic tools, that could potentially invade the privacy of network users.
In my dissertation, I will be identifying and implementing techniques that each of these entities could use to achieve their goals while preserving the privacy of users on the network. I will show a privacy-preserving implementation of network flow recording that can allow administrators to monitor and audit their network behavior and functionality for debugging and statistical purposes without having this data contain any private information about its users. This implementation is based on identity-based encryption and differential privacy. I will also be showing how law enforcement could use timing channel techniques to fingerprint anonymous servers that are running websites with illegal content and services. Finally I will show the results from a thought experiment about how network administrators can identify pattern-like software that is running on clients' machines remotely without any administrative privileges.
The goal of my work is to understand what privileges administrators or law enforcement need to achieve their goals, and the privacy issues inherent in this, and to develop technologies that help administrators and law enforcement achieve their goals while preserving the privacy of network users.


Abstract Imperviousness in urban catchment is defined by Total Impervious Area (TIA) or Effective Impervious Area (EIA). The methodology of imperviousness determination considers its significance in terms of its connectivity and can affect the runoff determination. This paper evaluates the sensitivity of various impervious estimation methodologies on runoff prediction. Four types of imperviousness were used for distributed hydrological modeling. Green–Ampt parameters were determined through field experiments by Tension Infiltrometer. The runoff was simulated by using two indirect methods of EIA estimation and the results were compared. It was observed that the predicted runoff was 205% more if EIA estimated by indirect method was used in the model in place of EIA estimated by direct method. Also the peak runoff was found to be maximum at TIA value of 64.3%. Further TIA was found to increase the peak runoff by 398% than the runoff predicted by directly estimated EIA.


The conversion of a farm with all its farming units must be concluded at the latest five years after beginning the conversion period for the first of the units. (NL standards on production A.I.8.Approval)


We introduce the concept of generalized fuzzy module of BCK-algebras and present some fundamental properties. Also, we introduce the concept of generalized interval-valued fuzzy BCK-submodule and present some fundamental properties.


In this research, a lithium battery model, as a component in a simulation environment, was developed and implemented using Scicos/Xcos graphical language programming. Scicos used in this research was actually Xcos that is a variant of Scicos which is embedded in Scilab. The equivalent circuit model used in modeling the battery was Double Polarization (DP) model. DP model consists of one open circuit voltage (VOC), one internal resistance (Ri), and two parallel RC circuits. The parameters of the battery were extracted using Hybrid Power Pulse Characterization (HPPC) testing. In this experiment, the Double Polarization (DP) electrical circuit model was used to describe the lithium battery dynamic behavior. The results of simulation of the model were validated with the experimental results. Using simple error analysis, it was found out that the biggest error was 0.275 Volt. It was occurred mostly at the low end of the state of charge (SOC).


Lactobacillus plantarum WJL is beneficial to Drosophila physiology along its entire life cycle. 2 6 This bacteria triggers the early emergence and longer survival of fit and fertile adults.


W hen Ida B. Wells and the NAACP embarked on the sustained and highly visible antilynching campaigns that would help define their respective careers, they each chose to arm themselves with photographs as weapons in their arsenals of evidence. Photographs, celebrated for their veridical capacity, as documents of "truly existing things," could stand side by side with other forms of "proof"—statistics, dominant press accounts, investigative reports—utilized by these antilynching activists to offer testimony to lynching's antidemocratic barbarism. Wells and the NAACP augmented their literature primarily with professionally made photographs of lynchings. Widely circulated and relatively easy to obtain, these images were readily available for public consumption. It is necessary to ask: what is the process by which activists transformed lynching photographs, advertisements for and consolidators of white supremacy, into antilynching photographs, testaments to black endangerment? How exactly were photographs that celebrated the t r iumph of "civilization" made to herald civilization's demise? What was at stake in such a transformation, its possibilities and limitations, a century ago? And what are the legacies and implications—for racial subjectivities, for national identities, for visual representation—in our contemporary moment? We can begin to answer these questions by interrogating lynching photography as a site of threefold struggle over the meaning, possession, representation, and memorialization of the black body from the late nineteenth century into the early twentyfirst. First, through an examination of lynching and antilynching photography in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, we can understand these images to be sites of struggle over the meaning and possession of the black body between white and black Americans, about the ability to make and unmake racial identity. In the hands of whites, photographs of lynchings, circulated as postcards in this period, served to extend and redefine the boundaries of white community beyond the localities in which lynchings occurred to a larger "imagined community." In the hands of blacks during the same time period, these photographs were recast as a call to arms against a seeming neverending tide of violent coercion, and transformed into tools for the making of a new African American national identity. Similar, if not the same, images of tortured black bodies were used to articulate—to join up and express—specifically racialized identities in the Progressive Era, a period marked by the expansion of corporate capitalism, the rise of the middle class, and the birth of consumer culture. 1 By uncovering and pulling apart the threads of white supremacy and black resistance invested in these photographs, we can also begin to understand


Over-fertilization of agricultural soils with P has been linked to water pollution, and it is becoming apparent that subsurface P losses can be substantial. The silty-loam Gleysol chosen for this study contained 146 mg Mehlich-3 P kg-1, which exceeds the critical limit (66 mg Mehlich-3 P kg-1) for Quebec. Equal quantities of fertilizer P (45 kg P ha-1) were applied from inorganic (triple superphosphate) and organic (composted cattle manure) sources to corn-corn and corn-soybean rotations. We evaluated crop production, the Mehlich-3 P and degree of soil P saturation levels, and the P concentration in subsurface water. Crop yields were unaffected by the fertilizer source, and only 31 to 67% of the P applied over a 2-yr period was exported, suggesting that the P fertilizer rate, chosen to match the P requirements of the corn crop, was excessive. After 2 yr, surface (0 to 15 cm) soils contained 149 to 199 mg Mehlich-3 P kg-1 and the Mehlich-3 (P/Al) saturation ratio (DSPSM3) ranged from 0.10 to 0.14. Subsurfa...


For the evaluation of the effectiveness of curing of concrete in the field a non-destructive, rapid test method has been developed. With this method air permeability of concrete surface layers is measured within a period of about 10 minutes, expressed in terms of a permeability index. Laboratory experiments show a close correlation between the measured permeability index and the duration of curing, curing temperature, type of cement, w/c-ratio and content of fly ash of the concrete. The method is very sensitive to changes in most parameters which affect the pore structure of the hydrated cement paste and thus the durability of concrete structures under normal exposure conditions. (Author/TRRL)


What is the problem and what is known about it so far? Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become less dense and bone fractures occur more easily. Fractures can lead to substantial disability and costs. Two approaches help prevent osteoporosis-related fractures. One is to promote measures that can prevent osteoporosis itself, such as adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, physical activity, and avoidance of tobacco and alcohol. Some drugs, such as estrogen and bisphosphonates, can also prevent osteoporosis, but experts do not recommend these drugs for general use because of side effects and expense. The second approach is to test for osteoporosis in order to identify people with low bone density. These people are at highest risk for fracture and will benefit most from drugs that prevent fracture. Testing for osteoporosis involves using a special test called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Doctors should suspect osteoporosis in any adult patient who has a fracture without major trauma. Wrist fractures are common among people with osteoporosis, but many patients with wrist fracture do not get tested or treated for osteoporosis. Why did the researchers do this particular study? To evaluate a strategy to increase testing and treatment for osteoporosis in adults who present to an emergency department with wrist fracture. Who was studied? 102 patients who were 50 years of age and older and who were treated for wrist fracture in 2 emergency departments in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Patients were included in the study if they did not use treatments for osteoporosis and if their wrist fracture did not require hospitalization. How was the study done? The researchers developed an intervention that included a fax to patients' primary care doctors in which the doctors were informed that one of their patients had been treated for a wrist fracture. The fax reminded doctors that fracture suggests that the patient might have osteoporosis and included a summary of osteoporosis recommendations. The researchers also developed a one-page information sheet about osteoporosis for patients and called patients within a week of the emergency department visit to review the information sheet. They encouraged patients to talk to their doctors about osteoporosis. The researchers used the intervention on alternate months in each of the two hospitals. While the intervention was on at one hospital, it was off at the other. They then compared the frequency of osteoporosis testing and treatment for patients who did and did not get the fax to their doctor, the information sheet, and the follow-up telephone call. What did the researchers find? The frequency of testing and treatment for osteoporosis was about 3 times greater in patients who received the intervention than in those who did not. What were the limitations of the study? The study did not examine whether increased testing and treatment led to fewer future fractures in patients who received the intervention. What are the implications of the study? Targeting patients who present to emergency departments with fractures seems to be a way to increase testing and treatment of osteoporosis.


We consider the following central question in the field of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL): How can we use implicit human feedback to accelerate and optimize the training of a DRL algorithm? State-of-the-art methods rely on any human feedback to be provided explicitly, requiring the active participation of humans (e.g., expert labeling, demonstrations, etc.). In this work, we investigate an alternative paradigm, where non-expert humans are silently observing (and assessing) the agent interacting with the environment. The human's intrinsic reactions to the agent's behavior is sensed as implicit feedback by placing electrodes on the human scalp and monitoring what are known as event-related electric potentials. The implicit feedback is then used to augment the agent's learning in the RL tasks. We develop a system to obtain and accurately decode the implicit human feedback, specifically error-related event potentials (ErrP), for state-action pairs in an Atari-type environment. As a baseline contribution, we demonstrate the feasibility of capturing error-potentials of a human observer watching an agent learning to play several different Atari-games using an electroencephalogram (EEG) cap, and then decoding the signals appropriately and using them as an auxiliary reward function to a DRL algorithm with the intent of accelerating its learning of the game. Building atop the baseline, we then make the following novel contributions in our work: (i) We argue that the definition of ErrP is generalizable across different environments; specifically we show that ErrP of an observer can be learned for a specific game, and the definition used as-is for another game without requiring re-learning of the error-potentials. (ii) In order to improve ErrP data efficiency, we propose a new learning framework to combine recent advances in DRL into the ErrP-based feedback system, allowing humans to provide implicit feedback only prior to the start of RL agent training. (iii) Finally, we scale the implicit human feedback (via ErrP) based RL to reasonably complex environments (games) and demonstrate the significance of our approach through synthetic and real user experiments.


A general formalism is presented that expresses equilibrium constants K as combinations of pseudo-formation constants ψ. For equilibria involving complexes as reactants that undergo ligand substitu...


Recently Conformity Assessment Scheme has greatly played a role in development of domestic industry. But it has limits in responding to change of environment surrounding standard. Therefore management environment has been changed, standard has been more important, and new treaties as like WTO/TBT have been appeared. In these respects this research tries to analyze the policy trends of developed countries and problems of domestic institutions. And it tries to propose seven plans to progress Conformity Assessment Scheme including improvement of domestic standard system on the basis of analytical implications.


Overall front view in glass case; figures on monumental pedestal; In 1347, after a year-long siege, six citizens of Calais agreed to sacrifice their lives and hand over the keys of their city to its conqueror, King Edward III of England. The story was related in Jean Froissart's Chronicles (1370-1400). Although commissioned to depict only the leading burgher, Eustache de St Pierre, Rodin decided to show all six in a "slow procession towards death". The notion of collective sacrifice was emphasized even in the first maquette. The six figures, not yet individualized, were presented on the same plane on a very high rectangular base, adorned with bas-reliefs, which formed a triumphal pedestal. This first maquette was greeted enthusiastically by the committee and Rodin was officially awarded the commission. Source: Musee Rodin [website]; http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/ (accessed 5/13/2014)


The paper gives the results of the authors' statistical analysis of tests made by the Safety in Mines Research Board (S.M.R.B.) to establish conditions of flameproofness of flange gaps for electrical gear for use in hazardous atmospheres. The chance of occurrence of an ignition of an external explosive atmosphere when an explosion occurs inside the flanged vessel, is found to increase approximately linearly with the size of the gap at the flanges. From a study of this variation of chance of ignition with flange gap, it has been possible to determine a gap which is safe within a certain approximately known risk, both for the case of a linear increase of chance with gap, and for the more accurate empirical law of variation of chance with gap deduced from the experimental data. Thus values of the statistical maximum safe gap are given for a number of hazardous atmospheres; these are such that, so far as can be determined, there is only a chance of the order of 1 in 1012 that the true maximum safe gap is actually less than the value given. These data afforded a basis for the determination of the maximum permissible gaps given in B.S. 229: 1946.


Since the analysis of the individual biophysical components rather than the score has been shown to be more representative of fetal status in detecting fetal asphyxia, it makes sense to assess the value of fetal biophysical profile to detect the clinical infection (clinical amnionitis and neonatal infection) in patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) by analyzing the individual biophysical components alone and in combination. For this purpose, 111 patients with PROM were categorised in three groups (Group 1: Reactive Nonstress Test (NST) and/or Fetal breathing movements (FBM) present, Group 2: Nonreactive NST and FBM absent but Fetal Movements and Fetal Tone present, Group 3: Each of those parameters negative or absent) according to the combination of biophysical activities, and infection outcome was studied for each group. In Group 1 the infection outcome was significantly lower than Group 2 and Group 3 (p<0.0001). Further combination of the parameters mentioned above with oligohydroamnios showed that the presence of oligohydroamnios was especially meaningful for the patients in Group 2, since Group 2 patients with normal amniotic fluid had an infection rate 0%, versus 90% when there was oligohydroamnios. According to these data, a protocol has been proposed for the management of patients with PROM. [Turk J Med Res 1993; 11(2): 66-69]


Figuring how to represent the oncoming effects of climate change is a common challenge faced by whistleblowers and policymakers attempting to


The aim of this paper is to enable a better understanding of ethics in relation to entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. This paper identifies gaps in theory and research. This paper responds to the calls in the literature for a careful study of 'entrepreneurship' its complex business activity and the ethical implications. To this end an application of the 'ethical mindsets' framework is suggested to be employed to generate a better understanding of this relationship and the enhancement of the theorization of 'entrepreneurship ethics'. This paper provides new opportunities for research that have the potential to generate fresh appreciation of the importance of ethics, and specifically 'ethical mindsets' to entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship that will assist researchers and practitioners to enhance knowledge and develop better and more ethical practices.


Putting the social education function of public library into fullplay,Through the aim of making a good nvironment of education and insisting minors'oriented,taking any possible measures to improve the minors'throught and morality qulities.


This paper presents a new lossless data compression method which can be used for the next-generation image and video codec. As an alternative system for CABAC (Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coder), a new binary coding algorithm is introduced. However, this method can be applicable to any kind of symbols. Efficiency of the codec in terms of compression ratio and computational complexity is introduced with an experimental result. Basic idea behind the proposed method is hiding data reversibly without a location map using Huffman coding.


The electromagnetic penetration depth lambda in the local limit is calculated for superconductors containing magnetic impurities and having local excited states within the energy gap according to Shiba's theory. The penetration depth is presented as a function of the normal-state conductivity sigma/sub n/, the temperature T, the transition temperature T/sub c/ of the alloy and that T/sub c//sub 0/ of the pure host metal, and Shiba's parameter epsilon/sub 0/ (the normalized position in the energy gap of the excited state associated with a single magnetic-impurity atom).


In the comment to our paper, Remya et al. (2017) state that we conclude that their theory is incorrect; however, no such conclusion is in our paper. In fact, as stated in their paper, we agree with their theory that shows the impact of heavy ions and electron temperature anisotropy on the competition of the ion anisotropy instabilities. While their linear theory is correct, our paper focused on the nonlinear evolution, where one needs to be careful in assuming a given electron anisotropy, because electrons themselves can be unstable to the electron whistler instability, which quickly lowers the anisotropy to levels where, in the absence of heavy ions, it is not sufficient to significantly change the balance between proton cyclotron and mirror mode. We agree that the electron whistler instability will not lead to complete isotropization of the electrons but only lower it to the instability threshold. In the parameter regime addressed, this limited isotropization will still eliminate the dominance of mirror mode and restore the usual dominance of the proton cyclotron mode, so our point still stands. Our simulations showed an isotropization of the electrons beyond the electron whistler threshold. In this reply, we will show that there are two contributing reasons: The nonlinear evolution of the mirror instability affects the electron anisotropy, as does unphysical numerical heating due to the limited resolution of a particle‐in‐cell simulation. We further discuss the coexistence of electron whistler instability and mirror instability, and we agree that both instabilities can be present in the magnetosheath.


This paper presents the results of DNA analysis to identify genetic mutations in UMPS and ASS -genes in stud bulls. In the examined animals didn't were found autosomal recessive mutations.


As more data becomes available from an abundance of sources both within and outside, organizations a re seeking to use those abundant resources to increase innovation, retain customers, and increase operati on l efficiency. At the same time, organizations are cha llenged by their end users, who are demanding great er c pability and integration to mine and analyze burgeoning new sources of information. Big Data provides opportunities for business users to ask questions they never were able to ask before . How can a financial organization find better ways to detect f raud? How can an insurance company gain a deeper in sight into its customers to see who may be the least economical to insure? How does a software company find its most at-risk customers those who are about to deploy a competiti ve product? They need to integrate Big Data techniq ues with their current enterprise data to gain that competit iv advantage. Heterogeneity, scale, timeliness, complexity, and privacy problems with Big Data impede progress at all phases of the pipeline that can create value from d ata. The problems start right away during data acq uisition, when the data tsunami requires us to make decisions, cur rently in an ad hoc manner, about what data to keep and what to discard, and how to store what we keep reliably wit h the right metadata. Much data today is not nativ ely in structured format; for example, tweets and blogs ar e weakly structured pieces of text, while images an d video are structured for storage and display, but not for sem antic content and search: transforming such content into a structured format for later analysis is a major cha llenge. The value of data explodes when it can be link d with other data, thus data integration is a major creator of v alue. Since most data is directly generated in dig ital format today, we have the opportunity and the challenge both to i nfluence the creation to facilitate later linkage a nd to automatically link previously created data. Data a nalysis, organization, retrieval, and modelling are other foundational challenges. Data analysis is a clear bottleneck in many applications, both due to lack o f scalability of the underlying algorithms and due to the complexity of the data that needs to be analyzed. Finally, p resentation of the results and its interpretation by non-technical domain experts is crucial to extracting actionable knowledge.


X-ray emission from large-scale extragalactic jets is likely to be as a result of inverse Compton scattering of relativistic particles off seed photons of both the cosmic microwave background field and the blazar nucleus. The first process dominates the observed highenergy emission of large-scale jets if the plasma is moving at highly relativistic speeds and if the jet is aligned with the line of sight, i.e. in powerful flat radio spectrum quasars. The second process is relevant when the plasma is moving at mildly bulk relativistic speeds, and can dominate the high-energy emission in misaligned sources, i.e. in radio galaxies. We show that this scenario satisfactorily accounts for the spectral energy distribution detected by Chandra from the jet and core of PKS 0637±752. Key words: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ± galaxies: active ± galaxies: jets ± quasars: individual: PKS 0637±752. 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) is providing us with unprecedented high spatial (and spectral) resolution data on extended structures. The very first observation of a radio-loud quasar, PKS 0637±752, revealed the presence of an X-ray jet extending for ,10 arcsec (Chartas et al. 2000; Schwartz et al. 2000), and since then other X-ray jets have been detected with high spatial resolution (Cen A, Pictor A, see CXO WWW page http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/cycle1.html). While the detection of an X-ray jet is not unprecedented (e.g. M87, Biretta, Stern & Harris 1991; 3C 273, Harris & Stern 1987; RoÈser et al. 2000), it is interesting to notice that both radio galaxies and blazar-like sources (i.e. with a jet oriented close to the line of sight) have been observed. Models involving inverse Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and nuclear hidden quasar radiation to produce large scale X-rays have been proposed (e.g. Brunetti, Setti & Comastri 1997 in the case of emission from the lobes). However it has been found that the local broad-band spectral energy distributions from the knots in both PKS 0637±752 and M87, are not straightforward to interpret, since the level of the X-ray emission is higher than what simple models predicts (e.g. Chartas et al. 2000; Schwartz et al. 2000, RoÈser et al. 2000). Here we propose a scenario involving both highly and mildly relativistically moving plasma in the jet and consider the dominant radiation fields on which relativistic particles Compton scatter. This can satisfactorily account for enhanced large-scale X-ray emission in all jetted sources, both blazars and radio galaxies. We also consider the spatial distribution of emission at different frequencies (Section 3). The predictions are compared to the results on PKS 0637±752 in Section 4 and our conclusions drawn in Section 5. 2 M I R R O R S I N T H E J E T Comparatively little is observationally known on the structure and dynamics of extragalactic jets. Theoretically one would expect the existence of a velocity structure along the jet, from a faster inner core to slower outer regions of the flow ± dissipation can be produced by shocks in the relativistic plasma flow, or deceleration of the jet material can be caused by obstacles in the jet or by the interaction of the relativistic flow with the (steady) walls. However, only recently has observational evidence been accumulating in support of such a possibility and on the relevant role of the outer layers in contributing to the observed emission. This evidence includes the morphology and polarization structure of large-scale low-power jets (Komissarov 1990; Laing 1993; Laing et al. 1999; Giovannini et al. 1999) as well as apparent inconsistencies on the value of the relativistical beaming parameters as inferred from the flux observed at large angles with the jet direction and the statistic properties of beamed and parent populations according to the unification schemes (Chiaberge et al. 2000). These facts have been satisfactorily accounted for by schematically consider the jet as constituted by two main components: a slow, but still mildly relativistic, outer `layer' and a high relativistically moving `spine'. Strong support for such a fast component even at large (arcsec) distances from the active nucleus comes from the detected superluminal motion of M87 on kpc scales (Biretta, Sparks & Macchetto 1999). q 2001 RAS w E-mail: email@example.com (AC); firstname.lastname@example.com (GG); chiab @sissa.it (MC) D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /m nras/article-ct/321/1/L1/1400964 by gest on 15 M arch 2020 Within this assumption on the jet structure, let us consider the electromagnetic fields (magnetic and radiative) that can contribute to the emission of relativistic electrons at different distances along the jet, and thus determine the corresponding dominant cooling process for relativistic particles. Indeed, if dissipation occurs in knots at large distances, the accelerated particles can cool by the synchrotron and synchrotron self± Compton (SSC) processes, but also by scattering any radiation produced externally to the knot itself. The relative importance of the fields clearly depends on the bulk Lorentz factor of the emitting regions in the jet, i.e. the spine and the layer bulk Lorentz factors. 2.1 Radiation fields Theoretical advances in recent years (especially because of highenergy g-ray observations) have convinced us that the bulk of the emission seen in blazars is produced in a rather well-defined region of the jet, which on one hand cannot be too compact (hence, close to the jet apex) in order not to absorb g-ray photons through g ±g interactions, and on the other hand cannot be too large in order to vary on short time-scales (Ghisellini & Madau 1996). This region should be located at some hundreds of Schwarzschild radii from the black hole, and produce radiation collimated in the beaming cone of semi±aperture angle ,1=Gin; where Gin is its bulk Lorentz factor. At larger distances, the jet is therefore illuminated by this radiation: it turns out that it can be observationally relevant as scattered radiation if the large-scale plasma has only mildly relativistic speeds, as supposed for the jet layer. In fact, let us assume that on the parsec and sub-parsec scale the jet contains a blazar-like emitting region, moving with a bulk Lorentz factor Gin at an angle u with the line of sight. This region emits an intrinsic (comoving) synchrotron luminosity L 0 s,in. Further out, at a distance z from the jet apex, there is a knot where dissipation occurs and electrons are accelerated and therefore radiate. If the bulk Lorentz factor Gout of this region is significantly smaller than Gin this region will see the nuclear (inner) flux enhanced by beaming, with a corresponding radiation energy density U in , Ls;in 4pzcd4in G2in G2out , Ls;in 4pzcG2out G4in d4in ; …1† where din ; G in ‰1 2 bin cos…u†Š21 is the beaming or Doppler factor of the inner jet, and b inc is the corresponding velocity. In other words the total luminosity (integrated over the solid angle) produced by the inner jet, GL 0in , is almost entirely contained in the solid angle defined by 4p/G2in. This external energy density must be compared with the local magnetic (U 0 B) and synchrotron radiation (U 0 out ) energy densities. If the magnetic field is in equipartition with the locally produced synchrotron radiation, we have U B , U 0 out; and the self-Compton emission is then of the same order. Alternatively, the field can be estimated by conservation of magnetic flux LB, which at large distances gives U B ˆ LB pczcG2out ; …2† where we assume that the emitting region located at z has a transverse dimension R ˆ cz: In general c can be a function of z if the jet is not conical, especially at .kpc scale, where some recollimation may occur (see e.g. Kaiser & Alexander 1997). The synchrotron energy density can be written as U out ˆ Ls;out 4pczcd4out : …3† where dout is the beaming factor of the knot radiation. 2.2 The quasi-isotropic fields Further fields which can provide seed photons for Compton scattering are those reprocessed in the narrow line region (NLR) and by any large-scale dust structure surrounding the nucleus. We consider these two components as produced within ,kpc scale and therefore they would be seen de-amplified by plasma moving along the jet on larger scales U kpc , U 0 NLR ‡ U dust , fLdisc ‡ 4pzdustsTdust 4pzcG2out ; z . zNLR; zdust; …4† where fLdisc is the fraction of the disc emission reprocessed by the NLR. Dust is assumed to re-emit as a quasi-blackbody at temperature Tdust at a distance zdust. Finally, the CMB radiation provides a uniformly distributed contribution to the radiation fields U CMB , aT 4 CMB…1‡ z†Gout: …5† The inverse Compton process on the CMB photons is particularly relevant if the knot is moving relativistically, since in this case the CMB energy density as seen in the comoving frame is amplified by G2out: A possible contribution to the seed photons comes from the interplay between the spine and the layer of the jet, if both are active and relatively close. Radiation produced in one zone can in fact be seen amplified (by beaming) by the other zone. We have however verified that these contributions are less important than the other ones, at least for the range of parameters considered in this work. We have also neglected any stellar contribution. 2.3 The relevant fields The relative importance of the radiation produced by the blazar component and the local SSC emission is given by U in U 0out ˆ Ls;in Ls;out …cGin† G2out dout din 4 ˆ L 0 s;in L 0s;out …cGin† G2out : …6† For illustration, consider the two cases of Gout ˆ Gin (corresponding to a fast-moving spine) and Gout , 1 (corresponding to a layer at rest relative to the centre). (i) Gout ˆ Gin: in this case U 0in dominates if Ls;in . Ls;out=Ginc; i.e. if the observed power coming from the nucleus is two orders of magnitude (for c , 0:1† greater than the power of the knot (for c , 1=Gin). (ii) Gout ,


As one of the candidates in the Generation IV reactors program., the molten salt reactor (MSR) has the properties of online refueling and fuel salt reprocessing, MSR is especially attractive for the Thorium fuel cycle, which is very ideal for nuclear non-proliferation, radiotoxicity and nuclear energy sustainability. Therefore, the "Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR) nuclear system" project has been proposed as one of the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of Chinese Academy of Science (CAS). In this paper, we mainly investigated the influence on the breeding ratio and waste radiotoxicity with different reprocessing schemes. By considering the key parameters mentioned above, the aim is to choose an efficient reprocessing scheme for TMSR to reach self-breeding with Th/U fuel cycle and minimize the radioactive waste production of the molten salt.© 2013 ASME


The effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen and Cl~- on the susceptibility to SCC of the reactor pressure vessel steel A533B in simulated PWR high temperature water were investigated by slow strain rate tests (SSRT). It was shown that the content of dissolved oxygen was a predominant factor affecting the susceptibility to SCC of A533B. The increase in Cl~- concentration led to an increase in the susceptibility to SCC of A533B. The electrochemical measurements showed that the TGSCC of A533B in PWR water was related to the passivation-activation transition.


Objective:To select a safe and workable method of anesthesia for colonoscopy.Methods: 300 patients with the admitted criteria and requiring for the painless colonoscopy were randomly divided into three groups:propofol group(P group),butorphanol plus propofol group(B group) and sufentanil plus propofol group(S group).Every group has 100 patients.In P group,patients were firstly given intravenous injection of 0.9% saline,3 minutes later,intravenous injection of propofol 0.1ml/kg until losing the consciousness and then anesthesia was maintained with propofol;In Group B,patients were firstly given butorphanol 0.1ml/kg(consistence of butorphanol is 0.1mg/ml),3 minutes later,intravenous injection of propofol until losing the consciousness and then anesthesia was maintained with propofol;In S group,patients were firstly given butorphanol 0.1ml/kg(consistence of sufentanil is 0.1ug/ml),3 minutes later intravenous injection of propofol until losing the consciousness and then anesthesia was maintained with propofol.Results: Antinociceptive effects of B group and S group were significantly better than those of P group.Circulatory inhibition of B group and S group was significantly less serious than that of P group;Time of postoperative resuscitation of B group and S group was markedly shorter than that of P group;Respiratory inhibition during operation was the most common in groups P,followed by group S,which is the least serious in B group.Conclusion:Butorphanol plus propofol anesthesia in painless colonoscopy is safer and more applicable.


We have examined the wear and friction and surface hardness of excimer-laser-processed Ti layers on cubic zirconia substrates. The film exhibits a complex array of cracking following processing that is related to the crystallographic orientation of the substrate. The friction between the laser-processed layers and both steel and ruby pins is reduced by approximately one-third relative to that of untreated zirconia. In the untreated case, wear is characterized by pin wear and debris, whereas the laser-processed layer wears by film transfer to the pin. The surface hardness of the processed layer is lower than that of both the untreated zirconia and the deposited Ti film. Indentation tests indicate that the surface is brittle following processing.


Summarize four factors of how to improve meal nutrition of residents in our country and the relationship between meal nutrition and food industry.


This document discusses some of extensions required in existing GMPLS
OSPF routing protocol, RSVP signaling protocol, and LMP to support the
energy efficient traffic engineering technology.


Submitted for the MAR14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Effetively trapping air or lqiud water for anti-icing applications JIANJUN WANG, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences — Icing on solid surfaces leads to operational difficulties and high maintenance efforts for power networks, aircrafts, ships, ground transportation vehicles and house-hold refrigerators, to name but a few. In extreme cases, icing on surfaces causes disastrous events such as crash of aircrafts and collapse of power networks, which result in severe economic impact and large loss of life. This talk is focused on the fundamentals of the ice formation and adhesion of ice with solid substrates aiming for fighting against icing on solid surfaces. When the supercooling is low, it would be possible to remove supercooled liquid water from the solid surfaces before freezing occurs. To achieve this, we design and constructed surfaces that can trap the air at the subfreezing temperature thus condensed water microdroplets could be spontaneously removed after the coalescence. When the supercooling is high, icing on surfaces occurs spontaniously. In this case, we constructed coatings on which aqueous lubricating layer could be trapped, thus the ice adhesion on the coating is so low that the ice formed atop could be removed by a wind action or its own gravity. Jianjun Wang Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Date submitted: 14 Nov 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


Hydrochemical Definition of Ground Water and Surface Water, with an Emphasis on the Origin of the Ground-Water Salinity in Southern Juab Valley, Juab County, Utah


Beam lifetime studies have been performed at the 2.5 GeV electron storage ring ANKA. Measurements under different conditions allow us to differentiate between Touschek, elastic and inelastic beam lifetimes. The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions.


Chromium pollution due to leaching and weathering of chromite mine overburden in mine seepage water is a serious environmental problem. In an attempt to explore the indigenous chromate resistant and reducing bacteria from chromite mine quarry seepage, 145 aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from 14 mine seepage samples derived from chromite mines of Sukinda valley and Baula-Nuasahi belt in Orissa, India. A total of 109 isolates which were tolerant to 2 mM Cr(VI) showed different degrees of Cr(VI) reducing activ-ity in complex KSC medium and synthetic Vogel Bonner (VB) broth. Ten isolates belonging to genera like Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Cupriavidus and Corynebacterium were selected on the basis of their chromate reducing efficiency and it was found that they could reduce more than 50 and 75% of Cr(VI) in VB broth and KSC medium respectively. The sole Gram-positive isolate, Corynebacterium paurometabo-lum SKPD 1204 (MTCC 8730) showed maximum chromate reducing capacity in both VB broth (63.7%) and KSC medium (92%) and was capable of reducing nearly 95% of the total Cr(VI) in the mine seepage when it was grown in the mine seepage supplemented with 2% VB concentrate.


High temperature electronics are used in a wide range of applications especially in extreme environments. There is a clear trend in aircrafts to have electrical controls mounted closer to the engine [1]. In cars more and more mechanical and hydraulic systems are replaced by electromechanical or mechatronic systems [2]. They are getting closer to high temperature environments like the engine or brakes. To its nature, avionic and automotive applications require predictable, highly reliable systems. Because elevated temperatures will increase the speed of material aging, the combination of high operation temperatures and high reliability is quite challenging. This applies in particular to interconnect materials such as solders or bonding wires.


This paper presents an efficient mathematical and simulation model for a solar photovoltaic system. This is an analysis on the characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) Cell under various weather conditions. Considerably, the PV cells are nonlinear in nature, whose characteristics and the maximum power point varies with irradiance and temperature. It focuses on the effect of variation in series and shunt resistances. The model is proposed to study the expected environmental issues on the solar power generation. By the help of this model, a study of large PV system or solar energy system can be done easily. This model elaborates various effects of parameter variation on the P-V and I-V characteristics of the PV module. This model was developed with the help of Simulink software and can be utilised for various study and research purposes.


Part I of this article will present the main outlines of a Lockean theory of intellectual property. Part II will take up several specific objections that have been leveled against my preferred view. Finally, Part III will consider several general objections to intellectual property.


Magnetic interaction between ultrafine particles may result in superferromagnetism, i.e., ordering of the magnetic moments of particles which would be superparamagnetic if they were noninteracting. In this article we discuss the influence of the magnetic anisotropy on the temperature dependence of the order parameter.


cI'atic sl\ggestion thut the 1944preSidential campaign be a short one with the nominating conven· tions held sometime in August, instead of early summer, brought a Republican reply yesterday that Lhe Democrats have already selected their candidate. Frank C, Walker, chairman of the Democratic national committee, made the short campaign proposal and urged meanWhile that fourthterm and other cnndldpte talk be halted while "we get dn with tilc war." ago indieaies that the now deal he was asked directly, forlresses Baller Supply Base party l'Ias\llready had its real con"I'll not discuSS candidates at ' venUon," this lime," he replied, "I think it This referred to a meeting be· is a mlsta\se to discuss them now, tween the presidcnt and a dozen It is too early from the standnational committee officers and point of the country and we should By DANIEL DE LUCE membenl on March 4, Walker said devote all our time to prosecution ALLIED HEADQ UARTER IN NOR'rH AFRICA CAP) at the time tllat one or two told of the war," the pI·esident he ought to run Walker, added, howl,'lver, that he TJ1e axis is desp rately flying fresh troops into Tuni ia, it was again, but it was not said seriously. would like to see an agreement djsrlo t'U , and tllil allie 1la,'c tlll'own tI wighty, over· He repeated this toduy when asked between the two major parties to pow l~ng acrial fleet into a campaigJl to fore!j~aU about the conference, limit the 1944 campaign to perhaps such rciuforccment, to wipe the enemy :from. AI. Up to Committee September and October, with the ri ca and to de troy hi po\.ential means o{ ~. Spangler suid the date (01' the conventions being held later than cape, . G,O,P. convention was up to the the usual June and July, national committee, On Hl&'h Plane 'I'he pre ence of air-bol'ne J'einfol'eements for "I CI111't fix it," he told j'eportel's. , "And I'd like to see the camMal'Sbal EI'win Rommel's hard-pressed troops Chairman HlIrrison Spllngler of the Republican nalionlll com· mittee promptly responded : After Selection Walker, just buck from a three paign conducted on a very hlgh was rC"ealeq with the capture of more than 700 , and a hal! weeks' combination plane," he sa id, adding with a Italians and German grenadicrs during are·


The improvisational side of John Coltrane somewhat overshadows the composer he was. Yet, some themes meant so much to him that he would just play them without following up with any improvisations. This presentation is an attempt to define Coltrane's compositional process. What started this reflection was an intuition, listening to his music, that intervals of seconds and thirds are to be frequently found in the shaping of his originals. It seemed interesting to question this aspect by systematically examining all the saxophonist's 'written' compositions in order to decide if that intuition turned out to be right or wrong. Understanding this initial move also allows us to further grasp the musician's aesthetics.

 Methodology:
● So far I have selected only the compositions from the albums published under Coltrane's name, between 1957 and 1967. As for the publishing of seminar proceedings, the results will be extended to all the registered Coltrane compositions.
● In order to determine the frequency of intervals in a batch of 99 compositions, the software 'Monika' was used. Designed by musicologist Nicolas Meeus, this programme is for 'description and help for analysis'. Prior to this counting, we had to establish what does or doesn't constitute the theme which, more often than not, was not written on music paper, especially from 1964 onwards.
● Of course, improvised pieces with a title but no theme, such as Chasin' the Trane for instance, have been ignored.

 Results :
● The resulting figures are quite obvious: intervals of seconds and thirds are indeed the most numerous. In fact, this comes as no surprise. On the other hand, the surprising thing is the amount of wider intervals.
● As years went by, one can witness an evolution.
● Also, in keeping with Rudolph Reti's idea of 'thematic process', some compositional devices in Coltrane's originals come out as recurring elements.
● Thus analysed, one realizes that some motifs - often a single one - make up a matrix for Coltrane's themes.
● Investigating further, one realizes that, more often than not, Coltrane's harmonic movements are not dictated by the cycle of fifths but by movements in seconds or thirds.


This article is a reflection on translation studies and a suggestion for new directions in further research. The case study is that of the new labelling in the National Gallery of Canada which includes labelling in Indigenous languages.In June of 2017, the National Gallery opened newly renovated galleries with a special exhibition of Canadian and Indigenous Art. The translations which are part of this exhibition are important in redefining the identity of Canadian art.


School‐age children on the autism spectrum who are minimally verbal (MVAS) use a limited repertoire of spontaneous communicative spoken words and reveal large heterogeneity in cognitive functioning. Despite the challenges to form peer social engagement posed by their unique social‐communicative profile, few interventions have targeted peer interactions in the MVAS population. This study explored predictors of individual differences in treatment response among 54 school‐age minimally verbal autistic children (8–16 years) following an RCT "school‐based peer social intervention" (S‐PSI) that compared two peer‐oriented intervention modalities (conversation versus collaboration) versus a waitlisted control group. We examined autistic‐symptom severity, age, verbal and nonverbal IQ, executive functions, and sensory‐processing profile for their contribution to children's ability to form relevant spontaneous communication exchanges with a peer partner. Main findings revealed that larger deficits in sensory‐processing (sensory‐avoidance and sensory low‐registration) and in executive functions contributed to greater growth in "relevant" (i.e., adequately attuned, participatory, reciprocal) communication following both interventions, but not for the waitlisted controls. Additionally, older participants with lower verbal and nonverbal IQ improved communication's relevancy more after the conversation intervention, whereas the collaboration intervention was more beneficial for younger participants. Lower autistic‐symptom severity contributed to larger growth in relevancy for all groups. By identifying individual‐level predictors of spontaneous, attuned, participatory, and reciprocal (i.e., "relevant") communication exchanges with peers, we optimized S‐PSI personalization for this uniquely nonverbal, heterogeneous MVAS population. These new channels for tailoring peer interventions to better meet individuals' needs may result in reduced social isolation and loneliness and enhanced well‐being.


In order to realize accurate control of the water level in the container,we propose a system using AT89S52 as the main control chip and with the 24 high precision A/D conversion chip HX711 to process weak voltage signal variation of the weighing sensor output.The signal variations are converted into digital signal and then the corresponding water level value are displayed on the LCD screen 12864 using software.The test results show that the error value between the displayed water level and actual value is less than or equal to 0.2 mm,while the error value between setting value of water level and actual value is less than or equal to 0.4 mm.Results demonstrate that this system has good stability,high accuracy and certain application value within the scope of automatic water level control.