Background: Over one-third of the United States is obese. This weight status is associated with many negative health implications including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Female college students are a sub-group especially prone to excess kilocalorie (kcal) consumption, leading to weight gain. Consuming food at a fast pace has been associated with increased kilocalorie consumption. Interventions reducing eating rate may be an effective method to reduce kilocalorie consumption in female college students. Objective: To determine if a 5 week curriculum designed to reduce eating pace would decrease consumption rate (kcal/minute) and total kcal eaten at a control meal, in addition to decreasing kcal and consumption rate as reported with 24 hour food recalls. Methods: In a randomized control trial with pre-post testing, experimental group subjects participated in 5 weeks of group classes, and the control group received no treatment. Groups underwent multi-pass dietary recalls, laboratory standardized lunches, anthropometric measurements, and surveys. Data were used to assess laboratory and free living eating rate and kcal consumption, along with change in anthropometrics and survey scores. Analysis of variance was used to compare within-group and betweengroup differences in eating rate for pre and post measurements. Participants/Setting: Ten overweight and obese female students were recruited from colleges in the Providence area through classroom announcements, flyers, and mass emails. Results: No significant time by group or within group differences were found for eating rate, meal duration, or energy intake. There were significant between group differences at baseline for free living eating rate. Both groups had a slower eating rate in the free living condition than the laboratory condition. Conclusion: There was no significant change from pre to post for eating rate for either group. Overall, this research gathered valuable observations for the use of the intervention in the urban environment. With a larger sample size the effectiveness of an eating rate intervention may be assessed.


Helping English learners acquire a foreign language effectively is an essential issue which needs to be investigated. Obtaining a good listening comprehension which acts as a basis for the development of the other skills is very important. This study intended to explore and see whether using authentic English songs can improve the EFL learners' listening comprehension. This paper reported the results of this study which was implemented on two groups in Tarlak English institute in Bandar Anzali. The study determined the effect of English songs on the language learners' listening comprehension. This study was executed on 40 intermediate level students who were assigned to two groups as the control group and the experimental group. A pre and postlistening test was applied to both groups. The findings showed that the use of English songs had statistically significant impact on the language learners' listening


Cytosolic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) synthase catalyzes the formation of HMG‐CoA, the substrate for the rate‐controlling enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. To explore the regulation in liver, we developed a new, accurate, and reliable reversed‐phase ion‐pair chromatographic assay that uses nonradioactive substrates and n‐propionyl coenzyme A as an internal recovery standard. The hepatic activities were measured in rats treated with cholesterol, sitosterol, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, cholestyramine, bile fistula, lovastatin, and BM 15.766, an inhibitor of 7‐dehydrocholesterol Δ7‐reductase, and were compared with microsomal HMG‐CoA reductase and cytosolic acetoacetyl coenzyme A (AcAc‐CoA) thiolase activities. HMG‐CoA synthase activity was effectively suppressed in synchrony with HMG‐CoA reductase activity by treatments with cholesterol (−41%, P< .05), cholic acid (−72%, P< .005), and deoxycholic acid (−62%, P< .05). However, ursodeoxycholic acid increased activity 84% (P< .05) and intravenous sitosterol did not change activity. AcAc‐CoA thiolase activities also paralleled HMG‐CoA reductase and HMG‐CoA synthase activities, but differences were not statistically significant. In contrast to inhibition, up‐regulation of hepatic HMG‐CoA synthase activities by cholestyramine, bile fistula, and lovastatin was much less than HMG‐CoA reductase activities. In addition, BM 15.766 did not stimulate synthase activity, whereas lovastatin increased activity 2.4‐fold. Thus, hepatic HMG‐CoA synthase activity was regulated coordinately with HMG‐CoA reductase, and responded more forcefully to regulatory stimuli than acetoacetyl‐CoA thiolase activity but usually less than HMG‐CoA reductase.


The COVID-19 pandemic in Peru began during March 2020, generating a multidimensional crisis that has claimed 198,621 lives as of 8 September 2021. This study presents the simulation of multiple agents showing the emerging dynamics of the interaction and influence of a subset of biological and social factors in the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. The model is implemented in NetLogo to simulate different hypothetical scenarios that approximate the real behavior of the interaction between the virus, humans and their environment, adjusting demographic, medical, social, and institutional parameters associated with the evolution and spread of the virus. Four scenarios for the evolution of COVID-19 in Peru are investigated, with different levels of restriction on population mobility. This makes it possible to understand the country's situation, the complex dynamics of the pandemic and simulate in a multidimensional context the non-linear effect of explanatory variables on the evolution of COVID-19. Social isolation is the measure that has the greatest impact on the behavior of the spread of the virus and, therefore, the one that most helps to prevent and slow down the spread of the infection.


Introduction: The pneumonia outbreak caused by COVID-19 was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. In Iran, the first case of this outbreak was reported on February 20, 2017, in Qom. Primary manifestations of this disease range from asymptomatic cases to moderate infection of the upper respiratory tract and fatal pneumonia. In addition, we are aware that smoking suppresses the immune system and intensifies inflammatory responses in the lungs. On the other hand, the negative effects of smoking on orthopedic trauma surgeries are not subtle and neglectable. Methods: In the present study, data of 31 orthopedic trauma patients with COVID-19 was collected by means of a questionnaire. Studied patients were classified into two groups of smokers and non-smokers: 17 had a history of smoking and 14 had no previous history of smoking. Result: The mean age of the 31 studied patients was 48.41 years, with a minimum of 17 and a maximum of 96 years. The mean age was 43.35 (with the standard deviation of 20.59) years in smokers and 54.57 (with the standard deviation of 22.69) years in non-smokers. Mean age was 56.6 (with the standard deviation of 19.33) years in patients with cough and 40.75 (with the standard deviation of 22.02) years in patients who did not cough. Evaluating need for ICU admission and oxygen therapy showed that 35.3% (6 cases) of smokers and 14.3% (2 cases) of non-smokers needed ICU and 70.6% (12 cases) of smokers and 64.3% (9 cases) of non-smokers needed oxygen therapy. We also found that the mean duration of hospitalization after the surgery was 3.5 (with the standard deviation of 3.37) days in non-smokers and 8.58 (with standard deviation 13/13) days in smokers. Conclusion: According to the results of this article, trauma patients who coughed had a significantly higher average age, but other clinical symptoms were not significantly related to the age of the patients. Although no significant relationship was observed between smoking and orthopedic trauma, the need for ICU and oxygen after surgery as well as time interval between corona diagnosis and surgery were higher in the smoking group in comparison to the non-smoking group. It seems that smoker COVID-19 patients with orthopedic trauma need more attention during hospitalization and surgery as well as after surgery in order to reduce short-term complications and in similar conditions, they may be more likely than non-smokers to have a longer duration of hospitalization. However, more studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up time are required to further evaluate the detrimental effects of smoking.


Sulphaguanidineis the guanidine derivative of sulphanil· amide. It is administeredorally and probably exerts its bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect locally in the large bowel, as it is sparinglyabsorbedfrom the gastro-intestinal tract. Previous experiencehad indicated that the treatment of bacillary dysentery with this drug had given better results than the accepted treatment with sodium sulphate. To confirm this, the clinical progressof patients was observed from the time of their admission to the ward until clinical cure was attained, and the results were recordedon comprehensivegraphs.


and of its various parts such as academic achievement of the students, their social and emotional adjustment, effectiveness of activities and the use made of materials. While the Atlanta program antedates any service of this kind at the state level, for the past few years this program has participated in receipts from the state under the leadership of Dr. Mamie J. Jones, in the amount of state salary and maintenance and operation for each teacher. This has enabled the Atlanta program to expand its teaching staff annually and in return the Atlanta program has served as a focal point from which other systems in Georgia and the Southeast have sought direction in beginning programs of their own.


This study was aimed to (1) Assess the prevalence of nutrition deficient
anemia (pandu) in tribal population of the tribal community i.e. Bhilla, Thakar, etc residing in
Javhar Mokhada of Thane district of Maharashtra state in India and (2) To test the hypotheses
and assumptions, that in respect of Anemia, both male and female tribal population is normal and
independent or otherwise. Out of 525 (the total tribal population of Javhar Mokhada), 139 (62
male and 77 female) were included in the study. The study was done to assess the percentage of
hemoglobin ratio difference between both sexes and also at different age groups. Out of total
population of Javhar Mokhada a total of 139 adults of both genders were covered non was found
to have severe anemia. The females were suffering from mild to moderate anemia. The males were
also suffering from mild to moderate anemia. None was suffering from severe type of anemia. This
Low prevalence or no prevalence of severe anemia could be due to the dietary pattern of these
Bhilla, Thakar comunities of tribals. The main diet of the this tribal population was Raagi (Indian
Millet) and Masha (Black gram), which is Balya and Dhatu pushtikara. This diet is also rich in
iron, calcium and proteins. The general observation, that very less population is suffering from
severe type of anemia i.e. 0 males and 1 female out of total sample, a small percentage of tribals
(5 males and 15 females) had moderate anemia. Most of the population i.e. 112 (52 males and 60
females) of collected sample were suffering from mild type of anemia. The diatary habits and life
style of these tribals appers responsible and deserves cradit for less prevlence os anemia in Bhilla,
Thakar tribals of Javhar Mokhada area of Maharastra (india). The same strategy can be applied
in other thickly populated tribal regions of other districts to reduce the prevelence of anemia and
maintain their positive health.


Introduction: Breast milk is the best nutritional supply for infants and exclusive nutrition with breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life and its continuation until 2 years are recommended. One of the important variables during breastfeeding length is breastfeeding self-efficacy which is the mother's confidence and belief about her ability for breastfeeding. This study was performed with the aim to evaluate the effect of kangaroo mother care on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous women, 3 month after child birth. Methods: This randomized control trial was performed on 72 primiparous women referred to Mashhad Omolbanin Hospital for delivery in 2013. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of kangaroo mother care group and routine care group, and were followed up for breastfeeding self-efficacy 3 months postpartum. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 14 and Chi-square and student t-test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean breastfeeding self-efficacy score 3 months post partum was 56.29±4.57 in kangaroo mother care group and 51.87±10.43 in routine care group which showed statistically significant difference (P= 0.035). Conclusion: Kangaroo mother care immediately after birth leads to increased rate of breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers and is an easy, cost-effective, and available method to increase the rate of breastfeeding.


Introduction: Trigger fingers are conditioned as the inability of the digit to move flex and extend caused by inflammation in the proximal edge of the flexor tendon pulley, such condition will have an impact on daily living activity and functional activity of person. Aim of this report is to give an overview regarding trigger finger clinical presentation with approach management in clinical setting. Case Presentation: A 39-old male come to the policlinic with complaint stiffness in right middle finger, on physical examination finding the middle finger on the right hand is locking in flexed position, tenderness palpation over the A1 pulley. Conclusion: Trigger finger is condition inability the digit can't move smoothly in flexed and extended. The management of trigger finger is based on Quinnell classification, after grading the treatment divided with conservative treatment or surgical treatment and both of treatment have success rate and complication rate.


633.88:582.688.3(560)
Arbutus unedo L. and Arbutus andrachne L., belonging to Ericaceae family and being evergreen, are two important species having economic values in natural flora of Turkey. These species spread as enclave in the Black Sea Region, while they are found naturally in the Mediterranean and Aegean Region of Turkey. Arbutus unedo, whose fruits contain a high amount of sugar (42% - 52%), is widely preferred in the subbranchs of the food industry such as jam, marmalade and sweetener, especially in the beverage industry in Europe. Arbutus andrachne is a species that has an effect on the circulatory system and besides it has antihemorrhagic and urinal antiseptic properties. In this study, floristic characteristics of Arbutus unedo and A. andrachne, spreading in places where the Mediterranean climate is predominant in Turkey, being characteristic elements of maquis formation in coastal areas of Black Sea Region, are investigated. Within the scope of the study, sample plots were taken in Bartın, Kastamonu, Sinop, Samsun, Ordu and Trabzon regions. It was determined that the most common native species accompanying these species (only woody plant taxa) are different. These species are frequently spread together with Castanea sativa in Bartın, Quercus sp. + Carpinus betulus in Kastamonu, Castanea sativa + Pinus sylvestris + Fagus orientalis in Sinop, Pinus brutia in Samsun, Quercus sp. in Ordu and Quercus sp. + Carpinus betulus in Trabzon. In addition, shrub species such as Erica arborea, Laurus nobilis, Ruscus aculeatus, Smilax excelsa, Rubus sp. and Cistus sp. accompany to these species in all of these sample plots.


In the present paper the new possibilities of ionic liquids as plasticizers additives for polymers are reviewed. Also, general aspects of ionic liquids are included.


Objective To understand AIDS related knowledge,high risk behavior,and infection status of AIDS/STDs among male outpatients at STD clinics in Liuzhou city.Methods In 2011 the amount of 3-5ml blood was collected from 287 male outpatients in STD clinics of Liuzhou and detection of HIV/syphilis and questionnaire survey were also conducted.Results Fifteen of 387 male outpatients averagely 40.10 years old were positive for HIV accounting for 3.88% and 26(6.72%)cases were positive for syphilis.Awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was 76.49%.Conclusions The awareness level of AIDS knowledge among male outpatients at STD clinics of Liuzhou City was low.The health education and behavior intervention of AIDS be strengthened among male outpatients in Liuzhou city.


Aim To analyse our results after en-block resection of aggressive GCT during 20 years period. Methods We review 86 patients with skeletal GCT during the last 20 years, from 1990 until 2009, retrospectively. In the cases of latent and active type, extended curettage and bone graft or cement were our treatment of choice, while in aggressive ones we performed en block resection and reconstruction by fibular autograft (e.g. in distal part of radius) or fusion/hinge joint prosthesis (e.g. in GCT around the knee joint). We describe the recurrences, metastases and complications according to treatment. Results There was no recurrence in 18 cases of en block resection and segmental bone defects were reconstructed with fibular autograft (5), joint fusion (4) and hinge joint arthroplasty (9). We had 2 cases of pulmonary metastasis that underwent resection of the metastasis. In one case, internal fixation failed and the graft broke; thus revision was performed. The rest 68 cases underwent extended curettage and bone graft (51) or cement (17). We had 7 cases of recurrence, 6 treated with repeated curettage and bone cement and one with en lock resection. No death or major complication was reported. Conclusions In comparison of en block resection with extended curretage, the recurrence rate is greater with the latter; however it results in good control of the disease with less morbidity. In recent years, the invention of hinge knee prosthesis has increased the quality of patients9 life in whom we could not preserve the involved joint.


Measles epidemic broke out in Linyi, Zaozhuang, Jining, and Taian of the province in 1999 lasting 6 months and attacked 19 counties. The cases of the disease amounted to 1,051 and it accounted for 66.19% of the provincial cases in this year. The reported incidence was 7.51/100,000 with one case died according to the measles surveillance system. The investigation indicated that the measles outbreaks in different prefectures had epidemiological linkage in time, geography and diseased population. The age range of patients were mainly under 15 years old (82.02%) and under 7 years old (62.61%). A lower successful immunization coverage rate that made susceptible persons amounting to a large number was the direct reason for this current epidemic. At the same time, the case report was not in time so that the adoption of emergent measures was postponed and made the disease spread.


Nicotine replacement therapy sampling (NRTS) refers to providing all smokers, regardless of interest in quitting, with free samples of over-the-counter NRT. NRTS has been shown to increase quit attempts and abstinence.We conducted a pilot trial with a goal to establish the feasibility and acceptability of NRTS in a dental clinic, where providing free samples is routine and universal.Participants (N = 30) completed a baseline survey and were randomized to receive or not receive a 2-week supply of NRT samples (14 mg patches and 4 mg lozenges) in a 3:1 ratio.We enrolled 30 of 50 potentially eligible patients, of whom 26 completed a 4-week follow-up survey. At follow-up, 61% of the NRT group reported use of the samples and 26% said they used more NRT obtained on their own. In the No NRT group, only one patient reported using NRT. No patients reported past week abstinence, but 43% of the NRT group vs. 29% of the No NRT group reported making a quit attempt lasting longer than 24 h.The pattern of results suggests that conducting a larger trial would be feasible and that the NRTS intervention was acceptable to dental patients.


31.7 wtih cool weather. Many rams lose much of their sex drive during hot weather. Hafez (II), states that ewes may go into anestrus for a short period during the hottest part of the summer and ewes continuing to cycle may not settle if the temperature is too high. Shelton (13), states that temperature in excess of 100 degrees F. for much of the day and for extended periods may cause embryo loss from the time of mating to about 8 days after mating.


A natural circulation and integrated layout PWR is here proposed by a preliminary feasibility study. Its main features are: low unit power and core power density, the same temperatures and pressures of current PWRs, no fuel melting scenario, passive protection systems, pressure suppression containment, long fuel cycle duration and no boron in the primary water. The power station can be designed for electrical power production (700 MWth 225 MWe), or for combined electricity and heat production (200 MWth); this last solution seems viable even for urban siting. Here only the 225 MWe plant is described. The reactor startup is obtained by heating with a constant and low neutronic power, and a possible procedure is indicated and analyzed. The ATWS of a steam line break accident in hot standby conditions is studied by a suitable calculation program and the results are positive. INTRODUCTION The nuclear moratorium existing in practical terms in most countries of the world has helped us to reconsider the basic principles on which nuclear reactors were designed in the past. This process, still under way, has implied a certain reversal of some of these principles, which can be synthetically defined as: i) to increase the unit power, ii) to reduce the design margins, iii) to improve the safety by more complex process and protection systems. These principles were justified by the main goal of the cost reduction, taking into account the need to comply with the increasingly stricter safety requirements of the licensing Authorities. In practice, this choice resulted questionable, a posteriori, because the economy of scale, connected to high power ratings, was virtually offset by an exaggerated lengthening of the licensing process and the construction time, a reduced opportunity of a plant standardization and an increased difficulty in plant decommissioning. The economic gain of design margin reductions was practically reversed by the penalties of a less flexible plant operation, and a shortening of the fuel cycle duration, both implying a lower load factor, and the need to implement more sophisticated, complex and costly safety systems. This trend is confirmed by the characteristics of the new nuclear reactor designs, proposed by different organizations in the world. These designs, founded on the already existing reactor technologies, have the aim not only of improving their inherent and passive behavior with respect of safety, but also of reversing the above mentioned principles, so as to render the nuclear product more sound from an engineering point of view and more palatable to the public opinion. A further aspect concerns the need to withstand the severe accident scenario, which implies the extended melting of the fuel. A lot of studies has been recently carried out on this problem, providing a better insight on the overall picture, which shows that the consequences of this accident can be circumvented by a suitable design. However, the crucial point is the hard challenge to experimentally demonstrate the correctness of this conclusion by means of a significant test


The results of the experimental studies of heat transfer at the flow acceleration over end wall of the vane and curved channel are given. The level and character of heat transfer behavior is shown as a function of the channel height at the thin entry boundary layer thickness .The results obtained can beemployed at the design and testing of heat exchange and heat power experiment.


Objective To explore the clinical value of high frequency color doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute epididymitis.Methods The clinical data of 49 patients with acute epididymitis through high frequency color doppler ultrasound check were analyzed retrospectively.Another 49 healthy cases were chosen as control group.Results The clinical manifestations by ultrasonography was a different extent epididymis swelling most common in a epididymis tail,but rarely found in epididymis head and body part.Ultrasonographic findings were shown as low level echoes with diffused / nodular,some patients suffered from orchitis,hydrocele and varicocele.The ultrasonography showed that enlargement had abundant blood flow signals,and there was difference in the maximum of blood flow velocity and resistance index(RI) between swollen and normal epididymitis.Conclusion High frequency color doppler ultrasound is valuable diagnosis method on acute epididymitis with high diagnostic accuracy and specificity.It is a preferred method in clinical use.


Changing demographics, along with federal and state policies, have increased the need for effective models of providing language services to people with limited English proficiency. Many benefits offices, which help people apply for Medicaid and other public programs, lack knowledge and resources, creating barriers to access and care. To assess this environment, the National Health Law Program visited benefits offices and conducted telephone interviews and surveys. Certain strategies emerged as promising practices, defined as creative, effective methods replicable by others. These include written language access plans; recruiting bilingual staff for dual roles (e.g., front desk and interpreter positions); interpreter competency testing; training for interpreter staff; telephone language lines; community resources such as universities, local advocates, legal aid organizations, and refugee resettlement organizations; and tapping into underused funding sources. The authors include an eight-step plan to help benefit offices develop a strategy to meet the needs of clients. Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. This report and other Commonwealth Fund publications are available on the Fund's Web site at www.cmwf.org and the National Health Law Program's Web site at www.healthlaw.org. To learn about new Fund publications when they become available, visit the Fund's Web site and register to receive e-mail alerts. Commonwealth Fund pub. no. 995.


The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of tourist logistics and the problems of its development at the current stage. The relevance of the research carried out in the article lies in the need to develop proper logistical support for tourist activities in Ukraine under martial law, in order to be able to provide tourists with comfortable and safe conditions, as well as to prepare for possible unforeseen circumstances. According to the results of the study, it was established that tourist logistics examines the planning, control and management of operations that are carried out in the process of preparing a tourist offer, delivering the finished tourist product to the end consumer in accordance with his interests and requirements, as well as during the process of transferring, storing and processing information. The peculiarity of tourist logistics as a service consists in defining tourist flows as the main object of research. This is explained by the fact that travel refers to those types of services when consumers move to the producer, and not producers with their products to the consumer. Logistics activities in tourism enterprises contribute to improving the experience and satisfaction of customers, employees, suppliers and the community in which tourism activities develop, being an effective business management tool that adds value to tourism. Due to the ongoing hostilities on the territory of Ukraine, tourism logistics is characterized by certain features. In particular, the war caused a change in the main tourist routes and directions. In such conditions, tourists choose unpopular tourist destinations, but which are considered safer. In addition, martial law reduces the flow of tourists, as there are certain restrictions on free movement, especially of conscripts. Martial law also causes a change in approaches to the security and protection of tourists. Directions for the restoration of tourist activity in the post-war period are proposed: involvement of global hotel chains; the inclusion of tourist infrastructure in the government's post-war reconstruction programs; promotion of non-standard and potentially successful formats: ecotourism, urban culture, military tourism. The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the possibility of using the proposed directions for the development of tourism by domestic tourist enterprises.


Additive manufacturing enables the production of high performance radio frequency device components, but most printable materials are plagued by large losses that render them impractical for robust performance applications beyond rapid prototyping. Here, we demonstrate a set of fully three-dimensional (3D) printed band-stop filters fabricated by printing reactive silver ink onto three different additively manufactured resin substrates with varying dielectric properties. Each of the dielectric substrates were fabricated using stereolithography or digital light processing printing methods. By switching from a dielectric with tanδ = 0.06 to one with tanδ = 0.0073, we can decrease the total loss present in the structure by up to 2 dB. As enabled by 3D additive manufacturing, we also show that regardless of the dielectric material, moving from two-dimensional planar patterns to fully-3D topographies allows us to simultaneously widen the filter stopband by 2 GHz and theoretically increase signal rejection by up to 30 dB. This demonstration of a fully additively-manufactured, 3D band-stop filter that closely matches simulations represents a new class of device construction that was previously inaccessible using only 2- and 2.5-D manufacturing techniques.


In this paper, target extraction method in FLIR(forward-looking infrared) images based on fuzzy thresholding which used bi-modality and adjacency to determine membership value is proposed. The bi-modality represents how a pixel is classified into a part of target using distribution of pixel values in a local region, and The adjacency is a measure to represent how each pixel is far from the target region. First, membership value is calculated using above two measures, and then fuzzy thresholding is performed to extract the target. To evaluate performance of proposed target extraction method, we compare other segmentation methods using various FLIR tank image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is a good segmentation performance.


INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE A. Epilepsy: TEGRETOL (carbamazepine) is indicated for use as an anticonvulsant drug either alone or in combination with other anticonvulsant drugs. Carbamazepine is not effective in controlling absence, myoclonic or atonic seizures, and does not prevent the generalization of epileptic discharge. Moreover, exacerbation of seizures may occasionally occur in patients with atypical absences. B. Trigeminal Neuralgia: TEGRETOL is indicated for the symptomatic relief of pain of trigeminal neuralgia during periods of exacerbation of true or primary trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). It should not be used preventively during periods of remission. In some patients, TEGRETOL has relieved glossopharyngeal neuralgia. For patients who fail to respond to TEGRETOL, or who are sensitive to the drug, recourse to other accepted measures must be considered. Carbamazepine Is not a simple analgesic and should not be used to relieve trivial facial pains or headaches. C Treatment al Acute Mania and Prophylaxis in Bipolar (Manic-O8jir0Sttre}Disorders:TEGRnOl may be used as mono-therapy or as an adjunct to lithium in the treatment of acute mania or prophylaxis of bipolar (manic-depressive) disorders in patients who are resistant to or are intolerant of conventional antimanic drugs. Carbamazepine may be a useful alternative to neuro-leptics in such patients. Patients with severe mania, dysphoric mania or rapid cycling who are non-responsive to lithium may show a positive response when treated with carbamazepine. These recommendations are based on extensive clinical experience and some clinical trials versus active comparison agents.


PV stand-alone buildings, that depend completely on PV array, are suffering from the uncertainty of the supplied power due to weather conditions. To manage this uncertainty and reduce the risk of completely losing power, the proposed system offers a design that able to manage the consumed power according to the produced energy, battery capacity, and weather conditions, it also gives permission for the user to select its load priorities. A hardware prototype has been built to simulate all the system possible states included; PV voltage & current, the battery capacity, PV produced power, the loads. An ESP32 microcontroller has been used to adapt accurate forecasting and loads management strategy with a prediction model for managing the consumed energy with hourly and two days ahead planning. The results show a promising module that able to manage the stand-alone building energy without affecting the quality of life.


The danger that an anaesthesiologist becomes involved in a malpractice lawsuit has greatly increased over the last few years. It is therefore of considerable importance that anaesthesiologists know how they should conduct themselves from a legal point of view, when such a situation arises. Ten recommendations are summarized.


Background : Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) possesses an enormous potential in regenerating   blood   vessels   and   maintain   its   integrity   and   elasticity   through angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and neovascularization, mainly during reperfusion after ischemia. However, to date, there has been no universal consensus regarding the precise definition of EPCs due to highly variable cell-based research in this growing field. Aim of study : This review aims to elucidate the various approach to classify EPC subtypes. Moreover, we also elaborate the EPCs signaling mechanism, comprising the cytokines  and  growth  factors  involved  in  EPCs  receptor  expression,  migration, adhesion, invasion, and differentiation process into mature endothelial cells. Me thod : This review summarizes the contemporary EPCs subtype classification as well as their role in neovascularization and endothelial regeneration through extensive literature discoveries and synthesis, comprising mainly research articles. Results : EPCs classification can be derived from several approaches, including in vitro adhesion assay, antigen surface markers, cellular morphology, specific characteristics (non-ingestion), and ability to form tube in vitro and blood vessels in vivo . EPCs mainly are derived bone marrow and mobilized during ischemia and inflammation. A number of cytokines and growth factors have been known to induce. Conclusion : EPCs play a crucial role in neovascularization and angiogenesis process in times  of  ischemia  or  inflammation.  However,  to  date,  there  has  been  no  precise definition regarding EPCs identity. Its identity must be ideally confirmed and unified in a single international consensus before stepping further into a more sophisticated therapeutic strategies by utilizing these cell-based technology.


It is currently understood that a particle detector registers the same response when immersed in a thermal bath in flat spacetime as it would for Gibbons-Hawking radiation in the presence of a cosmological horizon. While a pair of sufficiently separated Unruh-deWitt detectors can differentiate these two spacetimes via the amount of entanglement they can extract, we show contrariwise that a single such detector can perform this task. Utilizing a recent framework allowing us to describe the detector in a quantum-controlled superposition of two different trajectories, we show that a detector in a superposition of inertial paths at fixed co-moving distance in a thermal bath registers a different response compared with an analogous scenario in an expanding de Sitter universe. The detector's response to the background quantum field elicits novel information about the curvature and causal structure of the background spacetime, demonstrating its capability as a probe of these global properties.


The discussion screw rod compressor machine oil duct system's basic principle and the performance characteristic,show in the oil duct system the main spare part function and the performance index,carried on to the oil duct system's question and the common breakdown elaborated and proposes the corresponding countermeasure.


Western accounts of Yamaga Sokō山鹿素行(1622-1685) and his shidō 士道, or samurai philosophy, often observe, rather uncritically, that Sokō was the teacher of the forty-seven Akō rōnin 赤穂浪人. In doing so, they echo one of the most frequently repeated national myths of pre-1945 Japan. Of course, the claim adds color to any account of Sokō, already one of the most sensational thinkers of Tokugawa Japan (16001868). In 1666, the bakufu, led by Hoshina Masayuki 保科正之(1611-1672), a powerful disciple of Yamazaki Ansai's 山崎闇斎(1618-82) Neo-Confucian teachings, exiled Sokō from Edo for a decade due to Sokō's publication of his supposedly insufferable treatise, Seikyō yōroku 聖教要録(Essential meanings of sagely Confucianism). The latter called for a return to ancient Confucianism rather than acceptance of the less traditional NeoConfucian variety. Equally significant, it was written in the politically charged seimei 正 名 (C: zhengming) or "rectification of names" genre, one which viewed the right definition of terms as the most fundamental preliminary measure for those seeking to govern a realm. Sokō was exiled to Akō domain, which he had served earlier as a teacher of martial philosophy. All evidence suggests that Sokō's teachings were commissioned and consumed by the Asano family, daimyō of Akō, rather than samurai retained by them. Nevertheless, not long after forty-six rōnin, former retainers of the late Asano Naganori 浅野長矩(1667-1701), attacked and murdered, in 1703, the man they blamed for their lord's death two years before, allegations were made, by various parties, that Sokō's teachings were responsible for the illegal and unrighteous vendetta. Scrutiny of such


1) [36 points] Suppose that, within the state of Wisconsin, market demand for cigarettes is given by Q D = 570 – 57 P, while market supply is given by Q S = 400 P – 800, where P is the price per pack (in dollars) and quantities are given in millions of packs. (Throughout this question, the market for cigarettes is assumed to be perfectly competitive.) a) Compute the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity. Then compute consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus. [HINT: You are not required to draw graphs for this problem, but they might help you compute the relevant amounts.] b) Suppose that the state of Wisconsin now imposes a tax of $2 per pack on cigarettes. Find the new equilibrium price and quantity. Then compute consumer surplus (CS), producer surplus (PS), the state's revenue from the tax, and total surplus (TS). [HINT: Given the existence of a tax, TS = CS + PS + tax revenue.] Comparing your answers to parts (a) and (b), how has the tax affected total surplus? Briefly discuss the concept of " deadweight loss " and give the size of this loss in the current problem. c) A state representative argues that, given the state's projected budget shortfall, the cigarette tax should be set even higher. Compute the equilibrium price and quantity and the state's tax revenue if the tax is set at $4 per pack. d) Using your answers to parts (a) and (b), compute the elasticity of demand as the price moves from the initial price (in part a) to the higher price (in part b). Then, using your answers to parts (b) and (c), compute the elasticity of demand if the price rises again. Are these elasticities the same? Briefly explain why or why not. e) Arguably, cigarette taxes are imposed more for their long-run consequences than their short-run consequences. Qualitatively, how would the demand for cigarettes change in the long run? How would this affect the government's tax revenue? 2) [24 points] A firm produces output Q from labor input L according to the production function Q(L) = 20L – L 2. Derive the firm's marginal-product-of-labor (MPL) function. [HINT: You can either derive this function analytically using calculus, or you can construct a table that gives the firm's MPL for various levels of L.] Further assuming that the firm's output sells at a price of $3 …


We analyze the statistics of observables in continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation in the formalism of the characteristic function. We derive expressions for average values of output-state observables, in particular, cumulants which are additive in terms of the input state and the resource of teleportation. Working with a general class of teleportation resources, the squeezed-bell-like states, which may be optimized in a free parameter for better teleportation performance, we discuss the relation between resources optimal for fidelity and those optimal for different observable averages. We obtain the values of the free parameter of the squeezed-bell-like states which optimize the central momenta and cumulants up to fourth order. For the cumulants the distortion between in and out states due to teleportation depends only on the resource. We obtain optimal parameters {Delta}{sub (2)}{sup opt} and {Delta}{sub (4)}{sup opt} for the second- and fourth-order cumulants, which do not depend on the squeezing of the resource. The second-order central momenta, which are equal to the second-order cumulants, and the photon number average are also optimized by the resource with {Delta}{sub (2)}{sup opt}. We show that the optimal fidelity resource, which has been found previously to depend on the characteristics of input, approaches for high squeezingmore » to the resource that optimizes the second-order momenta. A similar behavior is obtained for the resource that optimizes the photon statistics, which is treated here using the sum of the squared differences in photon probabilities of input versus output states as the distortion measure. This is interpreted naturally to mean that the distortions associated with second-order momenta dominate the behavior of the output state for large squeezing of the resource. Optimal fidelity resources and optimal photon statistics resources are compared, and it is shown that for mixtures of Fock states both resources are equivalent.« less


The location information is very important in many wireless sensor network applications where in from which node the data is generated needs to be determined. Therefore it becomes necessary to know the location of each and every sensor that is deployed in the network. In our proposed Localization technique we have deployed static sensors in the geographical area of the network which are used for data gathering process and then tried to estimate the location of the mobile sink which is relocating itself at regular intervals in order to enhance the overall network performances. Some sensors with the known co-ordinates are deployed in the network and using their information the mobile sink will try to estimate its distance from these sensors and then from this compute its own location which is followed by applying a particle swarm optimization algorithm in order to reduce the error accumulation. The simulation of our proposed Localization strategy has been done in the NS-2.32 environment and its performance has been evaluated on the basis of various parameters of wireless sensor network. The simulation results showed a significant amount of improvement on the various performance metrics of the network.


The positive training and exploiting of human resources can greatly mitigate the contradiction between the supply of talented people exceeding demand and the lacking of talented people.


Discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations are performed on systems containing 32 hard chains of length 192 at three volume fractions, φ=0.40, 0.45, and 0.50, to investigate the effect of position on the segmental mean squared displacement. The mean squared displacements of various sized blocks of segments at different positions along the chain are calculated. First, the effect of block size on the dynamics of end and middle blocks is considered. It is found that small blocks provide a greater difference between the mean squared displacements of middle blocks, end blocks, and the whole chain than larger equal-sized blocks. Next, the portions of the chain exhibiting end and middle behavior are determined. It is found that a large portion of the chain displays middle behavior, while a small portion displays end behavior. Finally, the dynamics of segment relaxation along the chain are studied. The relaxation of small blocks of segments at different positions along the chain starts at the chain ends and pro...


The invention discloses a transparent nano-silver antibiotic finishing agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-5% of silver salt, 1-10% of perchloric acid, 40-85% of deionized water, 1-10% of disperse protector, 0.1-0.5% of reducing agent, and 15-50% of composite coupling agent, wherein the particle size of the silver salt is not more than 15nm, and the content of silver is 1,000-10,000ppm. The transparent nano-silver antibiotic finishing agent is used for performing antibiotic treatment on textile fabric by using a spray coating method and a finishing rolling method, and the finished textile fabric is resistant to washing and yellowing. In addition, the invention discloses a preparation method of the transparent nano-silver antibiotic finishing agent.


Due to the increasing demand of engineering vehicles in important projects such as mining, automation of the clutch is imperative to improve the power performance and combustion efficiency. The main contribution of our study is to design an electronic control unit (ECU) based on the strategies of automatic transmission in trucks. Furthermore, a procedure is presented to optimize shift quality and also to reduce test time by changing the gears properly. The circuit diagram of ECU hardware composes of power supply module, signal input channels, signal output channels, data storage module, driver circuits, and communication interface module which are designed and implemented in TEREX TR100 mining truck. The experimental results illustrate the efficiency, stability and reliability of the designed system. Keywords— Automatic transmission, electronic control unit, gear shifting.


In the present investigation, seventy five farmers' varieties of rice were evaluated to study agro-morphological characterization, genetic diversity present in the experimental material for selection of the diverse parents, to estimate the genetic parameters among the varieties and the extent of association between the yield and yield contributing characters including the direct and indirect effects. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at Directorate of Rice Research Farm, ICRISAT campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad during Rabi, 2012. Morphological characterization of varieties for twenty nine agro-morphological characters as per standard descriptors revealed that considerable variability for most of the morphological characters, indicating their utility in rice variety improvement programme. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant genotypic differences among the varieties for all the characters. High PCV and GCV values were observed for number of filled grains per panicle followed by number of productive tillers per plant, grain yield per plant and total number of tillers per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for time of heading, stem length, total number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plant and L/B ratio, which indicated that these traits were controlled by additive gene action. The remaining traits were mostly under the influence of non additive gene effects as they recorded low to moderate estimates of genetic advance. Based on the relative magnitude of D values, the varieties were grouped into eleven clusters. Cluster I was the largest one comprising of sixty four varieties followed by cluster IV with two varieties and cluster II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI with one variety each. The highest divergence occurred between cluster IX and cluster X (1101.06) followed by cluster II and cluster XI (996.88), cluster VII and cluster X (891.82) and cluster VI and cluster IX (880.00). The data on character means for eleven clusters indicated that, cluster III with only one variety (Saria) exhibited highest cluster mean for the traits viz., grain yield per plant and decorticated grain width. Cluster IV with two varieties (Sitabhog and Sunakhadi) recorded highest mean value for total number of tillers per plant and number of productive tillers per plant. Cluster VIII possessed highest mean value time of heading and number of filled grains per panicle. Cluster VI with only one variety (Aganisali) exhibited highest cluster mean for the traits viz., stem length and panicle length. The characters decorticated grain length (mm), time of heading, decorticated grain width (mm), L/B ratio, grain yield per plant and number of productive tillers per plant contributed maximum (90.17%) towards genetic divergence. Based on the inter cluster distances, crosses between the varieties (Kundo) of cluster IX and cluster X (Badkleshari), cluster II (Mahulata) and cluster XI (Govindabhoga), cluster VII (Kalajira) with cluster X (Badkleshari) and cluster VI (Aganisali) with cluster 1X (Kundo), is suggested to generate promising segregants for grain yield. Divergence study through principal component analysis in the present study accounted for the total variance 91.17 % by the first five vectors. Character association studies revealed that the characters grain yield per plant showed significant positive association with number of filled grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, number of productive tillers per plant, total number of tillers per plant, time of heading and decorticated grain length at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. This indicated that simultaneous selection of all these characters was important for yield improvement. Critical analysis of the results by path analysis revealed that the traits number of filled grains per panicle, followed by L/B ratio, number of productive tillers per plant, decorticated grain width and 1000-grain weight were directly influencing the grain yield per plant. Hence, these traits were considered as important attributes in formulating selection criterion for achieving desired targets. Chapter


To solve the problem of missing or distorted detail texture when manually adjusting image parameters, a weak illumination image enhancement algorithm based on cyclic generation game network is proposed. The image features are normalized by Gaussian distribution. Combined with homomorphic filtering theory and defogging operation, the image is generated and denoised according to the network brightness to enhance the weak illumination image. The experimental results show that after using this method to process the image, the image entropy increases by 6.8%, the contrast increases by 27.5%, and the noise content decreases by 24.1%. It has better contrast. It can not only meet the enhancement effect of weak light, but also ensure the details of the image, so that the image has richer details and good visual appearance.


Aiming at the problems of large parameters and low detection speed of the existing remote sensing road detection network model, a lightweight remote sensing road detection network (LRSR-net) model is proposed in this letter. In the feature encoding stage of LRSR-net, an efficient road target feature extraction module dilated joint convolution module is proposed. This module can eliminate the feature loss caused by the pooling layer, so that the network model can use a small amount of parameters to learn the characteristics of road targets. In addition, in the feature decoding stage, to eliminate the damage of the target data structure caused by the upsampling operation, a joint decoding module is proposed. The joint decoding module can effectively map the characteristics of road targets and suppress the background clutter. The systematic experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed lightweight road target detection model has excellent detection performance under the condition of small model parameters, and most performance indexes are better than those of the existing advanced detection methods. The source code of this article can be obtained from https://github.com/yangzhen1252/IRSR-net.


With video games being a huge market, attracting and engaging millions of players, it is tempting to use these motivational aspects not just for entertainment. After all, play as the basis of games has inherent learning aspects, for example seen at the way how children play and learn. The serious games movement that took off at the beginning of the 21st century wants to achieve exactly that: provide playful learning environments and utilize the motivational aspects of games to transport serious content to players. Getting from such an idea to an actual game, however, is far from trivial. A fundamental problem is how to integrate serious content and game parts. Finding ways how to improve the game creation process to produce applications that are both fun to play and effective in delivering a serious content is the main focus of this thesis. Therefore, the problem is approached in two ways: by providing best practice tips for the creators of serious games and by presenting results of different practical game implementations and studies.

Two sets of serious games — seven in total — have been developed within the course of this thesis. The first set comprises games with static serious content. These games depict the regular development approach. Here, a static game concept is created and implemented by professional game developers. This approach allows for a high degree of freedom in the game creation process. Nevertheless, emphasis has to be put on combining serious content in the right way to produce effective and fun serious games. Best practice tips are given along with presenting results from user studies that are based on the implemented game prototypes. The second set of games features dynamic learning content. In contrast to static variants, these games support changing the learning content at runtime. This allows for more accessible creation methods: Once created, any domain expert can create own custom games without the need for expertise in game development. On the other hand, special emphasis has to be put on designing the frameworks in a manner that game scenario and learning content are well integrated, despite not having a thematic connection. Different approaches are examined by developing games with dynamic content. The games are evaluated in terms of their usefulness. Different user studies look at the motivational aspects as well as at the learning outcome. Furthermore, the effect of not having a connection between game scenario and learning content is examined to compare the effectiveness of static and dynamic variants.


Writ: The expression "writ" has not been defined in the constitution. According to the Webster dictionary meaning, it is "a formal order in writing issued under seal, in the name of sovereign, government, court or other authority commanding an officer or other person to whom it is issued to do or refrain from doing some act specified therein."Quo warranto means: "by what authority." Originally, the writ of quo warranto was a writ of right for the King against the subject who claimed or usurped any office, franchise, liberty or privilege belonging t the Crown, to inquire by what authority he supported his claim, in order to determine the right. Edward I used this writ to prevent encroachment on his rights and prerogatives.In R. v. Hertford Corporation, quo warranto proceedings were initiated and the defendant was required to show by what authority he had admitted such persons to be freemen of the corporation who were not inhabitants of the borough.Thus, quo warranto was a weapon in the hands of the king against the usurpation of a prerogative of the Crown, but since long it had been extended beyond that limit and it had been used by private suitor also.


This is my last issue as the editor of the journal. Since its inception in 2008, the journal has travelled far, crossed several milestones and scaled new heights. It has been my privilege and honour to have successfully presented 11 volumes of the journal to you. The journey has been one of great learnings and wonderful experiences that I carry with me as my path takes a new direction. I endeavoured to raise the bar with each issue of the journal and the phenomenal increase in both contributions by authors and number of subscribers is testament to my efforts. As I bid adieu, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editorial board for their advice and encouragement, the editorial team at Institute of Public Enterprise and SAGE for their tireless work and support, and our authors and readers for always standing by my side and making it all possible. I wish the journal all the best.


There are various problems associated with hot-callusing graft unions of dormant fruit and nut trees. Since the whole plant is exposed to elevated temperatures, growth is promoted not only at the graft union, but also from the scion buds and the roots. Translocation demands are placed on the graft union once growth of scion buds starts and leafing out occurs. Scion buds and leaves will desiccate if a callus bridge between rootstocks and scion is inadequately formed (1).


This study was undertaken to investigate the quality and the lipid profile of table eggs obtained from laying chickens fed on restricted diets. The experimental design was the completely randomized design. Seven-two laying birds which were 74 weeks old were assigned to three treatments which were made up of three replicate each. They were subjected to the same management conditions. The treatments consisted of the control, T1 (ad libitum feeding), T2 (7 am-11 am, 4 hours feed restriction) and T3 (7 am – 3 pm, 8 hours feed restriction). On completion of the 10 weeks feeding trial, fifteen fresh eggs were collected per treatment (5 eggs per replicate) for analysis of the external (egg weight, egg width, egg length, shell weight and thickness, egg shape index), internal (albumen weight and height, yolk weight, yolk height and yolk diameter, yolk ratio, yolk: albumen ratio, yolk index and the haugh unit) and the lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, HDL and low-density lipoprotein, LDL). The result indicated that significant differences (P < 0.05) existed in the egg weight, egg width, egg length and egg index and most of the internal characteristics and the lipid profile examined. The birds that were fed the restricted diets had the best egg weight, width, egg length and Haugh unit (HU). The eggs collected from the four-hours feed restriction (7 am – 11 am) had the best high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lowest low lipoprotein (LDL). It was concluded that farmers can confidently practice restricted feeding regime, especially for four hours (7 am – 11 am) when using commercial layers feed.


Reaching the age to elderly is the most important scientific progress of human, but especially balance and cognitive decline in motor function for dynamic and static balance is the most difficulty of elderly men and women in the new world. The purpose of this study was to assess a training program on static and dynamic balance and core stability functional and quality of life among elderly women. Materials and Methods: 30 elderly women with an average age of 58/79 ± 7/02, Height 150/08 ± 32/03 cm and weight 70/15 ± 10/53 kg at Amateur Club of Najaf Abad Esfahan were selected and randomly divided into two groups. In order to assess the balance of static and dynamic balance on one leg stand test, stand up and go test and SF36 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life . The experimental group work 6 weeks of functional training and core stabilization. Data analyzed by using SPSS software and Levine statistical method with significant level of P <0/05. Results : A significant difference between groups in the stand up with one leg and go test and SF36 questionnaires were found. Conclusion : This study showed that the functional core stabilization exercise program can improve static and dynamic balance and quality of life of elderly women. Thus, functional training and core stabilization program appears to be a useful exercise to improve balance and the quality of life and reduce risk of falling and the cost of health care.


Recently several large trials evaluating the effects of long-term medication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have appeared and there are still several which will be published in the coming years. The primary outcome of these trials was the decline in lung function. The long-term medication investigated was mainly inhaled corticosteroids. In contrast to asthma, COPD is a progressive and, to a large extent, irreversible pulmonary disease. One of the consequences is that the effectiveness of (for instance) inhaled corticosteroids in COPD can probably be measured to a limited extent on the basis of the lung function. Which parameters should be used to evaluate whether or not long-term medication in COPD is justified?


The thesis has discussed how to improve the ability of the students' English reading and presented two approaches to English passage instructions.


This thesis explores the place of the natural world in the spiritual and intellectual lives of British and Irish Quakers (Friends) from the earliest evidence in 1647 up to the rise of evangelical Quakerism around 1830. Whilst Quakers agreed that God had made and continued to uphold the creation, responses to the natural world were, after the Restoration, essentially individualistic, giving rise to diverse views of its place in theology. Overall, it is shown that there was a shift away from the unity of the first Quakers' experience that both God and the creation could be truly known only through divine revelation, towards support for the scientific study of the material world, and forms of natural theology. It is argued that this was the result of personal experience, not of synergies between empiricism and orthodox Quaker theology. Although reservations about its status continued, for an increasing number of Quakers, nature was a resource in a divinely-inspired search for order and truth. Although the subject is almost absent from contemporary official records of the Society of Friends, the natural world became a significant part of the wider Quaker culture of the 19th century.


Background: Vitamin C is of clinical benefit for improvement of impaired endothelial functions in diabetes, but its direct effect on nitric oxide (NO) available in endothelial cells during diabetes as yet remains unclear. Objective: To examine the correlation between level of bioavailable NO and arteriolar vasodilation under the direct effect of vitamin C, using a novel NO-sensitive fluorescent indicator in diabetic rats. Methods: Male Spraque-Dawley rats (200-250g body weight) were used for the experiment. The rats were divided into control (CON) and diabetic rats (DM). The diabetes was induced in rats by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg body weight). The direct effects of vitamin C administration on NO bioavailability were examined using a buffer solution containing 4,5-diaminofluorescein-diacetate (DAF-2DA) and acetylcholine (Ach) with or without vitamin C in Krebs-Ringer solution. Twenty minutes after the buffer solution was superfused on the rat mesentery, the changes in DAF-2T fluorescence intensities were examined along the arteriolar walls. By visualizing the microcirculation using FITC-dextran, Ach-induced vasodilation of the arterioles (15 to 35 μm in diameter) was measured using Image Pro-Plus Software. The analysis was made after pre-constriction with norepinephrine, and after topical application of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on the mesentery and following topical application of Ach. Results: DAF-2DF was a NO-sensitive fluorescent indicator that did not make the microvascular walls visible without endothelial activation by Ach. The administration of vitamin C increased Ach-evoked vasodilation in CON and DM groups. Twenty minutes after vitamin C administration, the DAF-2T fluorescence intensities increased significantly in both groups. Conclusion: Vitamin C improved diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing NO bioavailability. The level of bioavailable NO and endothelium-dependent vasodilation were highly correlated.


The period spent as old age is rapidly lengthened. Nowadays, life of old age is very unhappy. Therefore, the alienation of the aged is serious. The fundamental cause of the alienation is the modern view of world which still dominates the consciousness of modern people. In this paper, the possible ways of making happy old age through practice are investigated. Two kinds of aging through practice is discussed in this paper. The first is aging as practice through physical health problems. The second is aging as practice through social loss. In the first part, aging as practice through aging phenomenon, death, and disease is covered. In the second part, aging as practice through loss of social relation and economic loss is stated. In the next chapter, the image of beautiful old age is depicted. The heart of beautiful old age overflows with love. He thanks to everything and everybody. He is humble. He always stays in the lower place like water. His mind is peaceful. Nothing can disturb his peace. He is free from the obsession over money and power. His mind is receptive. He is open and can receive everything like earth. He helps everything which needs help. In this paper, aging as practice is discussed. The sociological and practical implication of this paper is as follows. First, the way of beautiful and happy aging can be suggested. Second, the image of happy and beautiful old age can be provided. These are very useful to solve the serious alienation of current old aged people.


A study was conducted to investigate species, decorative character, classification of character and distribution of the wild decorative woody plants in Guizhou province. Results indicated that there are 110 families, 285 genera and 588 species in Guizhou province, which make up 84.6%, 48.8% and 23.3% of total families, genera and species in Guizhou respectively. The plants are divided into 10 categories according to their biological character, and 6 categories according to their decorative characters. As far as distribution is concerned, the decorative plants are distributed over 80 counties or cities in Guizhou province. The majority of the species are dispersed over the regions with elevations from 600m to 1 500m. The classification of the wild decorative woody plant in Guizhou was systematically presented for the first time.


In recent years, the increasing demand on the national airspace system (NAS) has propelled further research on new technologies, communication systems, sensors and methods to handle the growing congestion around the terminal area. These include programs such as the runway incursion prevention system (RIPS), automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B), the national aeronautics and space administrationpsilas (NASA) synthetic vision systems (SVS) and more recently, NASApsilas integrated intelligent flight deck (IIFD) project. One of the aspects of the IIFD is an external hazard monitor (EHM) function that interfaces with onboard terrain and obstacle databases, communications, and also with aircraft sensors. The EHM is envisioned to provide improved obstacle detection and hazard evaluation with added integrity and reliability. The work in this paper is performed in support of the EHM function and presents a modeling and simulation framework that models the aircraft sensors, synthesizes their measurements and analyzes their runway obstacle detection capability using both simulations and flight data playback. Various sensor parameters, measurement errors and physical properties of potential runway hazards/objects are evaluated in the simulations. Particular sensors that are considered for this work are: airborne laser scanner (ALS), 3D imaging camera, and forward-looking infrared camera (FLIR). The sensors are evaluated with regard to detection metrics such as probability of detection and time-to-alarm. Furthermore, results from the simulations using playback of actual flight test data in the vicinity of Braxton county airport (K48I), WV and Reno (RNO), NV are presented.


Neurofibromatosis type 1 is one of the most frequently inherited diseases affecting 1:3500 newborn. The diagnosis
of Neurofibromatosis type 1 is not dilemmatic because of typical clinical features. The key feature of Neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromas, are complex tumours arising from peripheral nerve sheaths. Neurofibromas may
be focal growths or can extend along the length of a nerve, involving several fascicles and including nerve branches. Neurofibromas sometimes exhibit hypervascular characteristics. Few reports suggest the bleeding tendency
observed in neurofibroma, although not common, occasionally causes a large amount of bleeding during surgical
intervention. Hypervascular characteristics of these tumors may be a confusing factor for the diagnostician. This
report describes the case of Neurofibromatosis type 1 presented with neurofibroma exhibiting hypervascular characteristics and emphasizes the importance of necessary investigations prior to sur
gical procedures


The thesis is a study of "Hong Kong Naturography" (香港方物志), which was written by Ye Ling-feng (葉靈鳳), a Chinese immigrant writer. After having settled down in Hong Kong for fifteen years, Ye started writing this book. Generally, critics are of the opinion that it was not until the 1970s that Hong Kong native consciousness appeared in the Hong Kong literature. However, was it possible for Ye Ling-feng, who had migrated to HK in 1938, to give the inkling of HK consciousness in "Hong Kong Naturography" through his deep understanding of HK natural environment? If the supposition is positive, could "Hong Kong Naturography" be categorized into the Hong Kong native literature? The thesis discusses the above questions based on the framework of natureoriented literature.


This paper is a follow up of the article where Lemaire & Stegen (2016) introduced the novel method to calculate coronal temperature distribution when the Solar Corona is not assumed to be in hydrostatic equilibrium as it has been assumed until 1957. In their study as well as in the present paper it is considered that the corona plasma is expanding with supersonic speeds u_E, and with electron densities n_E, at 1AU is given by the average values determined from the statistical study of the Solar Wind parameters reported by Ebert et al. (2009). In inner coronal altitudes n_e(r) is taken from Saito's (1970) empirical electron density model. It is found that, at high altitudes, the radial profile of the dyn-temperature distributions differ significantly from those obtained by the scale-height method shm-method generally used in the past. It is also found that, at the base of the Corona, the dyn-temperature is smaller over the polar regions (and CHs) than in the equatorial plane. The temperature gradient dT_e/dr has very small and positive values at altitudes above the transition region, between 0.001 R_S and 0.02 R_S. We confirm also that larger Solar Wind (SW) velocities, u(r), observed in fast speed SW streams imply larger temperatures in the solar Corona. Furthermore, the maximum temperature T_{e,max} is always located significantly above the altitude of the transition region.


This article presents an ethnomusicologist's engagement with The University of Queensland's Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining (Sustainable Minerals Institute), Newcrest Mining Limited, and the people of Lihir, Papua New Guinea, whose lands are currently being mined for gold. In an age where large-scale resource development has become essential to many economies within Australasia, this article considers how multiple stakeholders with differing agendas can recognize and prioritize intangible cultural heritage for the people on whose lands mining takes place. It is also an example of applied ethnomusicology working at the interface between industry and community.


. We compute the extended four operations of the 2-dimensional quadratic fuzzy numbers. Then we calculate the intersection between a plane perpendicular to the x -axis, which passes through each vertex, and the resulting 2-dimensional quadratic fuzzy number. We confirm that the equations of the two intersections acquired in this way and the graphs are actually identical, respectively.


Introduction. Nowadays problem of maternity acquires relevance, being one of the most difficult and little worked out area of science. One of the major stages of a puerperal period in development of maternity is the acquaintance with a child, his psychological acceptance as independent person, adaptation to him, and the essence of maternity changes on the whole. Thus researches studying the psychological aspects of puerperium, are small and fragmentary. Thereby, the aim of work was to estimate women adaptation to maternity after physiological partum and psychological readiness to the early maternity hospital discharge. Materials and research methods. There was made a psychodiagnostic examination of 110 puerperanten with the different parity of partum on the second day of postpartum. Group A - primiparas – 64 women, group B – secundiparas - 46 patients. A criterion of including in clinical groups was a physiological during of partum and postpartum. Results of researches and their discussion. The moderate personality anxiety was characteristic for majority primiparas (68,7 %) and secundiparas (63,0 %). Middle level of rigidity for delieryin group A (8,5±3,3 points) was lower than in the group B (9,3±3,2 points) (р>0,05). Almost the third part (28,3 %) of secundiparas and 42,2 % primiparas of women have the subzero index of rigidity (р<0,05). Moderate rigidity occured in 37 (57,8 %) puerperanten of group A and 32 (69,5 %) – group B. The high level of rigidity was found only in secundiparas patients (2,2 %). High rigidity does not allow to react flexibly on the changing necessities of child, that can make problems in co-operating with a baby, wrong evaluation of the possibilities of mother and child. The comparative estimation of levels of frustration and aggressiveness marked absence of reliable differences. Reactive anxiety had a greater mean value (40,2±7,4 points) in a group B, exceeding this index in a group A on 1,4 point (38,8±10,6 points). High situation anxiety in 2,0 time more often diagnosed for patients after the repeated partus (28,3 % against 14,1 % for primiparas). A moderate anxiety occurred in 48 (75,0 %) primiparas and 29 (63,0 %) secundiparas. Conclusions. 1. Adaptation to maternity in a puerperal period and psychological readiness to the hospital discharge is characterized by the levels of rigidity and situation anxiety. 2. Most puerperanten on the second day of puerperal period have the formed psychological readiness to maternity and hospital discharge with new-born. 3. Psychological disadaptation with greater frequency is diagnosed in women after the repeated partum. 4. The psychodiagnosis examination of puerperanten is recommended for the estimation of adaptation to maternity as one of objective tests of readiness to the maternity hospital discharge.


Effective and efficient objective video quality assessment (VQA) methods are highly desirable in modern visual communication systems for performance evaluation, quality control and resource allocation purposes. Simple VQA algorithms may be developed by direct extensions of still image quality assessment (IQA) approaches on a frame-by-frame basis. Advanced VQA methods take into account the temporal correlation and motion information contained in video signals but often lead to significantly increased computational complexity. Here we use a different approach to examine a video signal by considering it as a three-dimensional (3D) volume image. Specifically, we propose a 3D structural similarity (3D-SSIM) approach, which first creates a 3D quality map by applying SSIM evaluations within local 3D blocks, and then use local information content and local distortion based weighting methods to pool the quality map into a single quality measure. The resulting 3D-SSIM algorithm is computationally efficient and demonstrates highly competitive performance in comparison with state-of-the-art VQA algorithms when tested using four publicly available video quality databases.


Superlatives have already been exhausted in reviews of the two preceding volumes in this admirable series on Soviet foreign policy, compiled and edited by Mrs. Jane Degras. The third and final volume, covering 1933 to 1941, maintains the high standards of accurate translation, judicious selection, and careful editing which characterized its predecessors. Mrs. Degras and the Royal Institute of International Affairs have rendered an invaluable service


This well-produced book is aimed at all health care workers and comes from three authors in Sydney, each from a diVerent discipline. It is logically divided into two main sections entitled Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention, with a ®nal short chapter which pulls together the main points of the preceding sections and points to possible ways forward. The whole book is well researched; indeed some 58 of its 248 pages are given over to no less than 1,097 references. But one thing that does not emerge is whether or not old people were, themselves, consulted by the authors or did they instead rely on the evidence of the authors they quote? The book will be useful to a wide range of caring professionals whose work is with, or brings them into contact with, older people. A fall, and the resultant outcome and disability, can have a major human impact on an old person against which the economic costs of falls must surely be secondary, large though they undoubtedly are. The ®rst chapter oVers a de®nition of `a fall'. It does not de®ne `older people' although it seems tacitly to accept they are over 65 years of age. Falls are not random events; most occur on level surfaces and we are most likely to fall after hospital discharge. The commonest outcome is a fractured hip which can, in many cases, spell the end of independent living. Considering postural stability (Chapter 2), the authors go back to Romberg in 1853. A lot of sophisticated, and some unsophisticated, methods of evaluating sway are described but all strategies/tests point one way. Just look at the veterans of World War II as they march past the Cenotaph on Armistice Day. It is important to have sensible, stable, footwear. The ability to avoid obstacles decreases with age. When it comes to sensory and neuromuscular risk factors, the subject is dealt with in Chapter 3 under six headings, of which vision is the most controversial, and one with which not all ophthalmologists would agree. Curiously, there is only passing mention of the peripheral sensory loss which is common in elderly diabetics (p. 46). When it comes to medical risk factors (Chapter 4), in addition to the expected ones, such as stroke, Parkinson's Disease, much attention is paid to `Drop' attacks ®rst described in the UK in the 1960s. The chapter on medication as a risk factor (Chapter 5) is a chilling reminder of how easy it is to fob oV an old person with a prescription rather than do a detailed study of the origin or cause of the fall. Revealingly, the authors say `...it is possible that the use of digoxin is simply a marker of human frailty rather than a cause of falls' (p. 87). Environmental risk factors (Chapter 6) are well listed in Table 6.1 (p. 98) and the absolute necessity of grab rails in baths is emphasized. But there is no mention of anti-slip ̄ooring in showers. Chapter 7 usefully pulls together the preceding chapters and the tables therein are a model of clarity. The section on Preventive Strategies starts with an admirable table (p. 120) on intervention strategies. Successive chapters on exercise interventions, modi®cation of the environment and the role of footwear are both sound and practical. The point is well made that not all exercise has good results (Chapter 8). It is evident from Chapter 9 that modi®cation of the environment has merited little attention. In Chapter 10, the authors criticize the footwear worn by older people, but these criticisms do not accord with my experience in the UK where the elderly I meet daily almost, without exception, wear sensible low-heeled shoes with non-slip soles. One does not need to be a Sherlock Holmes to realize that an examination of the soles of regularly worn footwear can reveal how bodyweight is distributed and how the patient is walking. In the next chapter on Assistive Devices (Chapter 11), the advice under the sub-heading `Spectacles' does not accord with my experience. Not ALL old people need to wear spectacles continuously, as the authors seem to suggest. All spectacle users need to keep their glasses clean, not just the elderly! One important point the chapter does teach us is how to get up after a fall. There follow two useful chapters, ®rst (Chapter 12) on prevention in hospitals and care facilities and, second (Chapter 13), on the medical management of old people at risk. The ERGONOMICS, 2002, VOL. 45, NO. 9, 668±670


At present, China has entered the peak stage of large-scale maintenance, but repair materials for asphalt pavement potholes are subjected to problems, such as low construction efficiency and poor durability. Polyurethane modified epoxy acrylic resin was selected in this study to repair pavement potholes rapidly and improve durability further. Meanwhile, the cementing material and aggregate were formed into a mixture for rapid repair. A four-factor and four-level orthogonal experiment was designed, and the optimal mass ratio of each component of the cementing material (EPMY) was determined according to three indexes: tensile strength, elongation at break, and viscosity. The basic properties of the material were evaluated using viscosity, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and elastic recovery rate tests. Finally, the mechanical properties of EPMY immersed in water, salt, acid, and oil solutions were tested under different environmental stimuli. Results showed that the optimal mass ratio of epoxy resin binder is 100% epoxy acrylic resin:15% diluent:30% toughening agent:60% curing agent:6% accelerant, with a tensile strength of 21.48 MPa and an elongation at break of 48.3% at ?10 °C. Elastic recovery rate is 51.3% at room temperature, glass transition temperature is ?13.6 °C, and mass residual rate of EPMY is 10.06% when the temperature rises to 500 °C. The mechanical properties of EPMY are maximally affected by the acidic solution; and the elongation at break, bending strength, and bending deformation are reduced by 11.63%, 7.52%, and 9.58%, respectively. Moreover, and the elongation at break of EPMY can be maintained above 89%. The cementing material can be used for the rapid repair of pavement potholes, thereby increasing the convenience of maintenance work and improving the maintenance level.

Keywords: pavement materials, epoxy resin, polyurethane, material design, mechanical properties


Though it is generally accepted that electromagnetic radiation fields possess energy and linear and angular momentum, the adscription of these properties to static and quasi-static fields rises some doubts. Some authors consider that in electrostatics the concept of field is superfluous, or that action-at-a-distance and field are equivalent views. However, the interpretation of Poynting's vector divided by c 2 as a momentum density is consistent and necessary for the conservation laws to hold, even in static conditions. The Feynman paradox exhibits the necessity of assigning linear and angular momentum to static and quasi-static fields, showing in this way that the points of view of action-at-a-distance and field are not equivalent. In the present work we do not intend to present a revision of the literature on this subject, but to show that the concept of hidden momentum is useful to solve the paradox, and we show that it is part of a momentum balance equation derived directly from the macroscopic Maxwell equations. Another consequence of this balance equation is that, in static conditions, the momentum associated to Poynting's vector equals the hidden momentum and cancels it. Graduate students and researchers interested in conceptual problems of electromagnetism will find a firm foundation of the concept of hidden momentum and an alternative view of the paradox.


ABSTRACT

This research aims to find out the quality of credit service given by PD. BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar to its customers. This research focuses more on the field research. The data collection was done using interview, documentation and observation techniques. The data source included the personnel and customers of PD. BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar. The sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. The data validity was done using triangulation. Method of analyzing data used was an interactive model.
Based on the result of research, it can be found that the quality of credit service in PD. BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar has largely given the satisfaction to its customers. From many indicators used, it can be seen that: 1) reliability, the customers state that the condition and procedure of credit application by PD. BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar is understandable, simple and uncomplicated. 2) Responsiveness, the customers feel satisfied with the responsive attitude of personnel who seriously deals with the complaint conveyed as well as look for collectively the resolution to cope with the problematic credit with family principle. 3) Competence, the customers feel to be served by the professional officers. 4) Credibility. PD BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar includes the safety guarantee from PD BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar to its customers as well as the personnel's good manner and friendliness in giving service. 5) Tangible, the direct evidence of PD BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar relating to the infrastructures, and equipment existing in PD BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar, the customers feel satisfied. 6) Understanding the customers, PD BPR BKD of Regency Karanganyar acts fairly and subjectively in giving the customers service and had fulfilled the customers' need and desire. 7) Communication, the customers use the modern equipment such as telephone, facsimile and e-mail to communicate, while the promotion efforts conducted include word-of-mouth and brochure distribution.


Numerous oil wells within Rumaila field contain Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs). ESPs are utilised to maximise the oil production from existing wells by providing artificial lift where pressure is low, which helps maintain oil production levels. The number of ESPs installed throughout the Rumaila. Field is growing consistently to sustain oil field production. Due to the remote locations for each of the ESPs the current strategy is to supply power to ESPs using individual diesel engine generators located at each remote ESP well site. This is an inefficient design, as individual diesel engines are resource intensive due to maintenance and frequent diesel filling. The generators are also a source of significant unreliability causing ESP shutdowns/trips resulting in extended downtime. Given the above a Pre-FEED has been carried out considering supplying ESPs using OHTL's supplying electrical power from EPP to ESPs in Area C. by uses parallel operation of diesel Generators , we could to constrict 124 from 184 and use 60 only ,by this we get high economic gain and technique, in additional that environmental protection by decreasing pollution.


Many factors influence the learning hurdle race act.Among them,psy chological factor is one of the most direct and important factors.However,psycho logical obstruction plays an important role in influencing the completion and pe rfection of the act.Therefore to analyze the contributing factor and countermov e of psychological obstruction is the prime subject for making inquiry to hurdle race teaching and training.This passage will apply the knowledge of understandi ng movement psychology to the priactice of hurdle race act teaching,so as to mak e a further inquiry to the contributing factor and counter measure which can gen erate psychological factor when people study hurdre race skills.


Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become a popular tool for delineating the location and extent of white matter injury in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, DTI yields nonspecific measures that are confounded by changes occurring within both the intracellular and extracellular environments. This study investigated whether an advanced diffusion method, restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) could provide a more robust measure of white matter injury in TLE relative to DTI due to RSI's ability to separate intraaxonal diffusion (i.e., neurite density; ND) from diffusion associated with extraaxonal factors (e.g., inflammation; crossing fibers).


【Objective】 To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of lower-extremity arterial disease in the patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).【Methods】 One hundred fifty-one patients were investigated respectively.The patients were divided into two groups (NAFLD-Group and non- NAFLD group) by liver ultrasonography and disease history,then their clinical data were collected and compared in order to find the differences of biochemical indicators and the morbidity of lower-extremity arterial disease between two groups.【Results】 Ninety-two cases (60.93%) were complicated with NAFLD.NAFLD group had higher levels of fast insulin and C peptide level,postprandial insulin and C peptide level,uric acid,body mass index (BMI),homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitive index than those of without NAFLD (P 0.05).One hundred and one cases(66.89%) were complicated with lower-extremity arterial disease.The morbidity of lower-extremity arterial diseases was higher in NAFLD group than that of without NAFLD group (75% vs.54.24% ,P 0.01).【Conclusion】 Both lower-extremity arterial disease and NAFLD are common complicated with type 2 diabetes.The morbidity of lower-extremity arterial diseases was higher in NAFLD group than that of without NAFLD group.


.......................................................................................viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................2 Purpose Statement .............................................................................................................3 Significance of the Study..........................................................................3 Research Questions ...........................................................................................................4 Conceptual Framework .....................................................................................................5 Research Design and Methods ..........................................................................................6 Definitions.........................................................................................................................8 Limitations ........................................................................................................................9 Rationale for the Study ...................................................................................................10 Summary .........................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE........................................12 History of Student Teaching....................................................................13 University of Central Missouri A Brief History............................................17 Co-Teaching Model of Instruction..............................................................18 Co-Teaching for Special Education............................................................18 Role of Legislation...............................................................................19 Paving the Way for Co-Teaching...............................................................20 Co-Teaching: A Model for Teacher Education Programs..................................20


The synthesis and characterization of pyridinyl α-diimine Pd(II) complexes having a functionalized hydrocarbon attached to the imino nitrogen was performed. The catalytic activity of these complexes were then evaluated in the polymerization of ethylene and in the Heck coupling reaction of methyl acrylate with iodobenzene. Unconjugated β-diimine complexes of palladium were also synthesized and their activities towards ethylene polymerization and the Heck coupling of methyl acrylate and iodobenzene also evaluated and compared to that of the α-diimine complexes. Three of the α-diimine complexes synthesized showed activity towards ethylene polymerization, these being the complexes bearing the allyl, styrene and phenol functionalities. ω-Carboxylato complexes which were also synthesized showed no activity towards ethylene polymerization. The polymer produced was found to be high density linear polyethylene with an average PDI of 2.54 with Mn values ranging between 3.42 and 6.90 x 10 and Mw values ranging between 6.05 and 17.6 x 10.


In this paper,we present an innovation network evolution model in enterprise clusters based on dynamic knowledge complementarities among enterprises.In the model,we establish the mechanisms of cooperation partner selection,knowledge learning and innovations.Using multi-agent simulation method,we explore the dynamic evolution laws of innovation network,the relationship between innovative potential of enterprise clusters and network evolution,the relationship between network position and innovation performances.We consider both the complementarities of the knowledge elements and integrated knowledge among enterprises.The results demonstrate the innovation networks through the evolution process are "small world".The knowledge of enterprise and innovation network cooperatively evolves with each other.With the increase of innovative potential,the enterprises actively collaborate with distant partners,the network grows sparse,the repeat partnering and the network information diffusion efficiency decrease.The enterprises should actively collaborate with different partners and strengthen the collaboration tightness,especially in the early stage of clusters development,to improve the innovation performances.


The utilization of plastic waste can lead to innovation the support of economy and creativity peoples. The upcycling of plastic cup waste into handicraft supplies is one of the solutions to minimalize plastic cup waste around the coast. The making of Rula Basket is aimed to change the people's mindset on how to make use of waste plastic cups into an alternative to seaweed basket that is made of rattan, as well as to create a positive activity for women's empowerment in the coastal area. The research methods used Descriptive analysis. Developing Rula Basket is expected to be one of the women empowerment ventures to increase the economy by recycling plastic cup waste into appropriate products with economic value. This measure was also carried out to preserve the aquatic ecosystem in Tablolong Beach, Tablolong Village, West Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara.


The present invention provides a stacked capacitor, a method of fabricating a stacked capacitor, and the circuit boards are stacked using a capacitor and an electronic device; the stacked capacitor can be manufactured at a high yield and which bending is suppressed, characterized by two or more stack (20A, 20B) constituted an adhesive, and at least either (20A, 20B) to each other face each other through the first (30) or the second face one another two mutually adjacent stack (32) is adhered together; wherein the stack (20A, 20B) are alternately stacked with a number of resin layers and metal layers in the thickness direction, and the first layer covers the surface of the resin material (30) is contained to the first surface, a second surface (32) is covered with a surface layer containing a second resin material, a first surface (30) is made as a flat surface having no concave portion is formed, a second surface (32) is constituted by a recess having a surface portion (34), and the stack (20A, 20B) having curved.