Abstract:
Introduction and aim:War stress causes serious problems both for the person and his family.The family of the
veterans are under too much stress and these stresses exert depression on their wives and causes numerous
problems for them; so this study was done on the veteran wives who are under stress with the aim of lived
experience.
Method:This study was done through the qualitative approach on 12 PTSD veteran wives by the use of serious
and semi structure interview through sampling method based on qualitative sampling. Datum were analyzed by
content analysis and thematic analysis.
Findings: The major theme of this study is was the inefficient assembly support which was composed of three
sub themes, lack of society perception, society stigma, and financial problems.
Discussion:Hallmark, lack of society conception and financial problems are the most important challenges in
veteran wife lives .Teaching people and enhancingtheirknowledge as well as the society and telling them that
these veterans were the heroes of this country someday; therefore respecting them and preserving their status in
society is necessary .Another important necessity is to emphasize the value of martyrdom and dedication and the
prevalence of war value aims in public medias. The veteran life quality along with the veteran wife lives can be
promoted by the society support.


Bacterial persisters represent noninheritable drug-tolerant populations that are linked to recalcitrance of infections in health care settings. The rise of antibiotic resistance and the depletion of new antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline have made the task of persister eradication more daunting. ABSTRACT Bacterial persisters represent noninheritable drug-tolerant populations that are linked to recalcitrance of infections in health care settings. The rise of antibiotic resistance and the depletion of new antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline have made the task of persister eradication more daunting. In the present study, we report that treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii with the last-resort antibiotic polymyxin B yields continuous variations in tolerance among different clinical isolates. Mechanistically, polymyxin B persisters exhibit disruption of proton motive force and delocalization of the cell division protein to attain a growth-arrested phenotype. Tolerance studies with mutant strains revealed that superoxide dismutase (sodB) activity is a major contributor to the tolerance of A. baumannii to polymyxin B. Using a dual fluorescence-based persister detection system, screening of various antibiotics to eradicate polymyxin B-induced A. baumannii persisters was performed. Rifampicin exhibited eradication of polymyxin B-tolerant populations by 6-log-unit reductions in magnitude with different clinical isolates of A. baumannii. We established that enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by rifampicin leads to clearance of these polymyxin B persisters. It was further demonstrated, as a proof of concept, that rifampicin potentiates the killing of polymyxin B persisters in a murine wound infection model. We found that the effects were linked to significant downregulation of sodB by rifampicin, which contributes to greater generation of ROS in polymyxin B-tolerant cells. In view of these results, we propose that the combination of polymyxin B and rifampicin is an effective antipersister strategy in clearing polymyxin B-induced A. baumannii persisters.


According to the characteristics of sodar echo,a classified method for temperature stratification is given.By using sodar data observed in Yanshan Mountain area in Beijing,the statistical characteristics for the heightof inversion layer,thermal plume,and the depth of mixed layer are compared.Finally,the appearancefrequency for stable,unstable and neutral stratification is analyzed.


"In the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society is a series of letters, known as the Barrell Letters, written by Gray, Kendrick, and Hoskins…"


Aim: The aim was to document cardiovascular manifestations and to correlate it with the tire of Anti ds DNA in patients with SLE, admitted in Medicine ward and those attending Medicine, Rheumatology & Cardiology OPD, RIMS, Imphal, Manipur, India. Material and Methods: 78 patients fulfilling the inclusion Criteria were seen between October 2012 and September 2014, using simple laboratory assessments, serology tests like serum ANA, Anti ds DNA, ECG and 2D transthoracic echocardiography. Clinical evaluation using the revised American College of Rheumatology criteria (1997) was used to confirm the diagnosis of Lupus. The study was recorded in a data based program. Descriptive statistics and analysis was carried out as per need. Results: Out of 78, there were 69(88.5%) women and 9(11.5%) men with a mean age of 30.98 ±1.21 years. The ECG revealed abnormality in 35 (44.9%) and transthoracic echocardiography revealed that 40 (51.3%) had myocardial dysfunction and 4 (5.1%) had pericardial involvement with variable amount of effusion. The involvement of mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves were found in 43.5%, 23.1% and 17.9% respectively. Single valve involvement was found in 16.77%, double in 24.3% and three valves were involved in 6.4% of cases. The Anti ds DNA titre was strongly positive in 38(48.8%) of patients having cardiac abnormalities. Conclusions: SLE is a multisystem immune disorder predominantly affecting females of younger age. Cardiac involvement is common in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The most common abnormality found was cardiac valve involvement. High titre of Anti ds DNA was associated with cardiac abnormalities. So it is practical to do these simple investigations for identification and treatment of patients at risk of developing cardiovascular disease in SLE.


A novel QAM-PM modulation has been proposed for 112X10 Gbps system at 25 GHz spacing. At high data rates in narrow channel systems, FWM crosstalk limits the performance. Exploiting the phase dependence of FWM, we optimize the performance of a hybrid parametric amplifier using a phase shifted modified 4-QAM. Using the proposed system, a flat gain of more than 16 dB and gain ripple < 5 dB has been achieved without any gain flattening technique. The proposed modulation helps achieve higher spectral efficiency and a relatively flat gain in comparison to the conventional WDM system. Results show FWM suppression up to 5.8 dB.


Management decisions significantly affect nitrate-N leaching (N-leaching) from comparable organic fields. The main concern is field management during autumn and themanagement of grass leys. After ploughing-in fertility building crops, like grass-clover leys, effective catch crops are important during autumn and winter for at least two years on sandy soils. On farms with grazing animals the occurrence of "hot spots" should be avoided. These hot spots develop with uneven concentrations of animal manure combined with limited N-uptake in the ley. Management measures to minimize N-leachingmay conflicts with the farmers aim to produce high quality feed and/or to combat yield limiting perennial weeds. It may also conflict with the organic regulations for the grazing period of cows.


Neon gas injection in tokamak plasmas can be used for different purposes. It has been observed that neon impurity induces MHD activity by cooling and radiative effects. Neon can also be used to mitigate dangerous phenomena near plasma edge, for example runaways [1] or ELMs as proposed in [2]. In FTU, neon puff injection modifies plasma transport with an improvement of the particle confinement [3]; moreover it represents a very efficient and versatile method to induce reproducible MHD activity for various experimental purposes as optimisation of real-time mode control tools [4]. In this paper, we will exclusively discuss the MHD phenomenology induced by neon puffs in different FTU L-mode ohmic plasmas. An early development of an m/n=2/1 tearing mode is observed in MHD-free plasmas, 50-150 ms after the triggering of gas puffing (~30 ms are required for the gas to reach the SOL). It is possible to separate the mode evolution in three phases: a first phase with rapid growth of mode frequency (from 5 to 15 KHz), a second phase with stationary mode frequency around 15 KHz, and in some cases a third phase characterized by mode locking and disruption. The mode formation is driven by rapid increase of current and electron temperature gradients. The speed-up of mode rotation is well correlated with the increase of diamagnetic effects after mode formation, which is related to electron density peaking (typically 25-30%). The continuous amplitude growth of island size seems to be consistent with neon accumulation in the formed magnetic island, as shown by the correlation between the island size and the amount of injected neon in plasma, and by the behaviour of soft x-ray emissivity. If the island grows above a specific threshold value of the amplitude of ̇ oscillations the third phase starts. The behaviour of MHD activity strictly depends on the amount of Neon in plasma. Different dynamics in discharges with identical discharge parameters (BT=5.6 T, Ip= 360 kA, ne=0.6 10 20 m -3 ) and different quantity of Neon in plasma will be discussed. A low quantity induces only slow frequency growth of the mode and a long first phase, while a larger amount induces both fast frequency growth with relevant amplitude growth and a faster evolution of the three phases (shorter than 100 ms). Ne injection allows obtaining in FTU different MHD targets for different experimental needs.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of repeated measurements and a possible learning or tiring process in single‐limb stabilometry and one‐leg hop test. An additional purpose was to study the correlation between different stabilometric variables. Seventy‐five healthy subjects were examined twice with a median interval of 7 d, and with three consecutive measurements on each occasion. Single‐limb stabilometry and one‐leg hop test were found to have high reliability (ICC r= 0.68–0.83 and 0.96, respectively). The correlation between consecutive measurements was acceptable to high in stabilometry (r= 0.42–0.90, P=0.002–P<0.001) and high in the one‐leg hop test (r=0.91–0.97, P<0.001). A learning process over time was observed. The correlation between the stabilometric variables was high (r=0.73–0.95, P<0.001).


The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between body composition and exercise performance in elementary children. The subjects in this study consisted of 75 elementary school children : 35 boys and 40 girls in 5th grade of elementary school: They were divided into two groups; over-fatty(above boys and girls were 21% and 22.5% body fat respectively) and normal(below boys and girls were 21% and 22.5% body fat respectively). Exercise performance test were performed by means of sit-up and trunk flexion. % Body fat was measured by means of bioimpedance analysis. The subject were controlled to be prohibited from eating and drinking 2 hours before measurement. For statistical analysis we used independent groups t-test with SPSS/PC program. From this study we could find the results as follows : 1. Body composition was not significantly in boys and girls. 2. Sit-up was significantly higher in boys than girls, however, trunk flexion was not significantly in boys and girls. 3. Sit-up was significantly higher in normal fatty boys and girls than Over-fatty boys and girls. 4. Trunk flexion was significantly higher in normal fatty boys than Over-fatty boys, but was not significantly in Over-fatty boys and girls. With the results above we could recognize that over-fatty boys and girls in elementary children were lower in exercise performance.


The state incentivizes investors to entrust capital to public corporations by granting shareholders enforceable rights over managers. However, these rights create legal "access points" through which social movements can make nonpecuniary claims on the corporation. I use original historical research on the Securities and Exchange Commission's administration of federal securities law to show that concern over nonpecuniary claims motivates the state to enact the role of "market protector." In this role, the commission insulates managers of corporations from shareholders' claims that it deems illegitimate because they are insufficiently profit-oriented. Thus the inverse of Polanyi's observation that society protects itself from markets is also true: the state creates market boundaries so that "always embedded" markets function more like autonomous, profit-oriented markets. Accordingly, the extent to which corporate democracy represents general, social interests or narrow, profit-oriented interests is largely a function of political contestation and state policy.


This paper investigates the comparison between the link performance and the characteristic channel parameters (e.g. delay spread, spatial correlation). The link performance is described by the bit error rate and the channel capacity. It is shown that there exists strong relation between the performance of the link and properly chosen characteristic channel parameters. The investigations presented within the article are based on measurements performed by a real-time MIMO channel sounder.


A sensitive colour reaction of iron with alizarin yellow R in the presence of TritonX-100 was studied systemically in the paper. In KH 2PO 4-NaOH buffer medium of PH 9.0 and in the presence of TritonX-100, iron (Ⅲ)reacted with alizarin yellow R to form a stable complex that the molar ratio of iron (Ⅲ)to alizarin yellow R is 1∶3. The maximum absorptions of the complex is at 510nm, The apparent molar absorptivity is 1.62×10 5L.mol -1 .cm -1 for the complex. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.0~1.6μg/mL for iron.


Optical thin films are used in many optical elements; however, light scattering can be problematic. We investigate the effect of substrate surface roughness on the light scattering of optical thin films. The substrates are classified according to their surface roughness, from fine to very rough, and coated with a single TiO2 layer or a SiO2/TiO2 multilayer. The light scattering intensity increases as the substrate roughness increases. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the number of nodules formed in the optical thin films increases with the substrate roughness, which affects the light scattering properties.


Objective This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence trend of STD in Taizhou from 2002 to 2005. Methods The surveillance data on STD in Taizhou for the last four years was retrospectively analyzed. Results The incidence of STD showed an increasing trend in each year. The STD mainly consisted of NGU, syphilis, gonorrhea and condyloma acuminatum. Most of the patients were local residents, the sex ratio of male to female being 0.9∶1. The youth between 20 and 40 years old were mainly affected. Farmers, workers and the unemployed consisted of the main STD cases. The married and those who had middle and primary school educational background were also the major affected groups. Conclusion The STDs were relatively seriously prevailing in Taizhou. It is highly required that the prevention and control of STDs strengthened, including NGU, syphilis, gonorrhea and condyloma acuminatum, combining with the control work of AIDS.


Background/Aims: To investigate the roles of the oxidative stress related-genes ALOX5, ALOX5AP and MPO in ischemic stroke susceptibility in the Han Chinese population. Methods: A total of 351 ischemic stroke patients and 417 controls were recruited. The ALOX5 rs10900213, ALOX5AP rs4293222 and MPO rs2107545 gene polymorphisms were genotyped. Results: We identified that rs2107545 of MPO gene was significantly associated with ischemic stroke susceptibility after adjusting for covariates. Furthermore, we also considered the likely complexity of oxidative stress and inflammatory process in stroke by assessing the combined effects of multiple genes. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis revealed that the combination of ALOX5 rs10900213, ALOX5AP rs4293222 and MPO rs2107545 was significantly associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (P=0.0040, OR (95% CI) =1.991 (1.241 to 3.195)). Additionally, the MPO rs2107545 genotype was significantly associated with clinical outcomes at 6 months after discharge from the hospital. Conclusion: Our study revealed that epistatic interaction among the ALOX5, ALOX5AP and MPO genes played a significant role in vulnerability to ischemic stroke. Furthermore, these results also suggest that the rs2107545 of MPO gene can be used as a biomarker for the susceptibility and prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.


Nowadays trains offer a level of comfort and services that obviously imply a higher energy consumption to feed the auxiliary train power systems. Usually, the auxiliary power systems are fed by two power converters placed in opposite ends of the train. These power converters share the demanded power and depending on how over-dimensioned the system is, they offer a certain level of redundancy. The correct functioning of the converters set in parallel may only happen if the right synchronization of the voltage generated by each of them is guaranteed. Otherwise, there would be an inadequate flux of power flowing between them. There is an increasing interest on operating the converters set in parallel without the need of a communication line to transmit the signals to synchronize the converters so as to simplify the system and make it more robust. The Droop Control technique, based on the steady-state regime power flux analysis, enables such goal. This article analyzes the decisive impact of the supply line on the dynamics and the stability of the system based on the Droop Control technique. Furthermore, a simplified model that integrates the control loops of both converters and the line dynamics is proposed. This model accurately analyzes the train auxiliary system power flux behavior both during steady-state and transient regimes. Hence, the suggested model is an adequate tool to study control strategies.


While the study of full-thickness human skin organ culture (hSOC) has many advantages over so-called 3D skin "equivalents" in terms of physiological relevance, one major limitation of both systems is that they are routinely performed under conditions of disrupted perfusion and denervation (for discussion, see 1). This limitation needs to be kept in mind whenever skin properties are investigated that depend on or are closely associated with functional sensory skin nerves, such as neurogenic skin inflammation and the role of (often innervated!) mast cell (s1) in it.


Abstract The absolute sign of the Hall effect is determined for several situations charac teristic of hopping in covalent materials. In particular, it is shown that the hopping of an excess electron between the antibonding orbitals of an odd-membered (three-site) ring will yield an 'anomalously' signed Hall effect, namely, p-type. In addition, the Hall effect for holes moving between bonding orbitals in a similar odd-membered structure will yield an n-type Hall effect. However, electron hopping between the antibonding orbitals and hole hopping between the bonding orbitals of an even-membered (four-site) ring yields the conventional result : n-type and p-type Hall effects, respectively. Other physically relevant situations are also discussed. These examples all serve to illustrate that the sign of the Hall effect for both electrons and holes depends not only on the local geometry but on the nature and relative orientations of the local orbitals between which the carrier moves. Furthermore, these results pr...


A main factor to consider before photochemotherapy (PCT) is chosen to treat a tumor is whether sufficient fluences of light can reach the base of the tumor. The choice of optimal wavelengths for PCT should also be based on a knowledge of the optical penetration spectrum of the tumor. By means of a fiberoptic probe, adapted to a commercial fluorescence spectrometer, it is possible to measure the penetration depths of visible light into living, human tissues. We have performed such experiments, using the light from a 1000 W Xenon lamp. The light was guided from the lamp to the tissue by a perspex rod and the fluence rate penetrating different thickness of tissue was monitored by the fiberoptic probe. From penetration curves obtained at a number of wavelengths, it was possible to construct an accurate optical penetration spectrum of the tissue.


Aims The role of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) in early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully known. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of low ABI in early-stage CKD defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2 of type 2 diabetic patients without albuminuria and to determine the association between the low ABI and mildly decreased eGFR. Methods The cross-sectional study enrolled 448 type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. The patients were stratified into two groups according to the CKD-EPI eGFR level: the normal group with eGFR level ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and the lower group with eGFR of 60–89. ABI was categorized as normal (1.0–1.39), low-normal (0.9–0.99), and low (<0.9). Both stepwise forward multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between ABI categories and eGFR levels and to assess the relation of low ABI and early-stage CKD. Results The prevalence of low ABI in early-stage CKD of type 2 diabetic patients without albuminuria was 39.5%. Low ABI was associated with an approximate 3-fold greater risk of early-stage CKD in bivariate logistic regression analysis, and remained significantly associated with a 2.2 fold risk (95% confidence interval: 1.188–4.077; P = 0.012) after adjusting traditional chronic kidney disease risk factors. Conclusions There was a high prevalence of low ABI in early-stage CKD patients of type 2 diabetes with normoalbuminuria and a close relation between low ABI and early-stage CKD, suggesting that we should pay much more attention to the patients who have only mildly decreased eGFR and normoalbuminuria but have already had a low ABI in clinic work and consider the preventive therapy in early stage.


Two modes of transesterification in copolymerization of L,L-lactide with e-caprolactone in the presence of initiators containing Al and Zn were found. The quantitative analysis of the contributions of both types of transesterification reactions is revealed. The transesterification ability of initiators containing zinc is greater than that of initiators containing aluminium. Decrease of the reaction temperature tends to reduce both the first and the second mode of transesterification, leading to an elongation of blocks in the copolymer chains.


This thesis investigates the field of irregular two-dimensional stock cutting from the perspective of an industrial practitioner. The new approaches and developments in the thesis have been motivated by industrial considerations and have been used directly in industrial software applications.
Irregular two-dimensional stock cutting problems occur in a wide range of industries and in almost all cases, for reasons of effective use of staff time, solution speed and efficiency, the application of the automated nesting algorithms are advantageous over manual methods. Reduction in the use of raw materials is a direct cost saving for any business and therefore has a significant impact on operating profitability.
The approaches developed in this thesis have, at the time of publication, produced the best known solutions for all of the 26 known irregular problem instances from the scientific literature. In order to explore some of the unique features of the approaches, motivated by industrial concerns, the thesis also introduces additional benchmark problems.
In order to achieve these high quality solutions and attain the level of reliability required in industrial applications this work introduces a complete and robust technique for the production of no-fit polygons for irregular shapes including arcs, interlocking concavities and holes. The robustness of the technique and its ability to handle arcs and holes make this the first algorithm in the literature not to suffer from degenerate cases and makes it highly valuable to industrial practitioners, as well as a valuable tool for research scientists.
The placement algorithms presented in this work take advantage of the geometry of the shapes being placed in order to produce solutions very rapidly and to a high degree of accuracy. These placement techniques, in combination with numerous local search techniques, achieve high quality solutions for a wide range of problems. Indeed these techniques are being used in industrial settings worldwide today on a vast range of problems and in numerous industrial sectors.


Exampled by measuring the selected frequency luminescence characters of surface sand of the Badain Jaran Desert,a standard method was set up. The process of measuring the selected frequency luminescence characters includes three steps. 1) Confirming the radiation dose and characteristic wavelength by measuring the dose response curve. 2) Confirming the distribution of the luminescence photon wavelengths by measuring the received spectra of separated frequency. 3) Verification the setting of the radiation dose by measuring the dose response curve again.


Although few students terminate their pursuit of a doctorate during the course-work phase of their program, many doctoral students drop out around the time that they successfully complete planned courses, a period known as "all but dissertation" (ABD) . An examination of how professional educators who added a doctoral program to their lives experienced the increased commitment of graduate work is presented here. The report is drawn from a study that featured two assumptions: professional educators live extremely busy lives as they balance work, family, health, community, and church demands; doctoral programs demand an ever-increasing amount of time and energy from students. The study was based on a review of 25 students' records in the University of Kentucky's Department of Educational Administration, where less than half of the students who complete the comprehensive exam earn the Ed.D. Phenomenological strategies were used to gather information on the participants' perceptions of the students' experiences. Four themes emerged: structure, pressure, support, and authority. In all cases, there was a point in the students' lives where their narrative shifted away from expressions of satisfaction with school to dissatisfaction with the doctoral experience. The narrative shift occurred when participants entered the different world of the doctoral candidate. (Contains 50 references.) (RJM) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** The Creation of ABD's: A Turning Point in Educational Doctoral Programs? AERA, San Diego-1998 Session 12.03, Roundtable #10 Bonnie M. Sigafus, Ed.D. University of Kentucky Department of Administration & Supervision U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 3 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Cr Points of view or opinions stated in this (-14) document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. <ID PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 The Creation of ABD's: A Turning Point in Educational Doctoral Programs? Abstract During the course work phase of a doctoral program few students decide to end the pursuit of the degree. Yet student dedication to the goal of graduating, so obvious during course work, seems to dissolve around or just after they successfully complete all planned courses and/or the Qualifying Examination. A review of student records in the University of Kentucky Department of Educational Administration and Supervision, shows that less than half of the students who complete the comprehensive examination earn the Ed.D. Researchers have studied this predicament and concluded that doctoral candidates fail to complete doctoral programs for a variety of reasons: some become too busy with other endeavors; some find the financial situation too burdening; and some decide the demands on themselves and their families are too great. This report complicates the assignment of cause by adding yet another possible reason for the occurrence of ABDs. That reason is related to the implications of a sudden change in the learning environment which results in students being thrust into an unfamiliar and uncomfortable new student role. Purpose of the Original Study The essential and guiding purpose of the original study from which this report is taken was to understand how professional educators who add a doctoral program to their already full lives experience this increased commitment. Two assumptions guided the study: (1) professional educators live extremely busy lives balancing work, family, health, community and church demands; and (2) doctoral programs demand an ever increasing amount of time and energy from students. There is little literature about the complex lives managed by advanced degree students. Accordingly, the original study explored the experiences of adults who add a doctoral program to busy lives. This report is extracted from that original study and focuses on the unexpectedly poignant story participants told of the time when the doctoral degree slipped out of their reach.


Due to the increasing generation by distributed units at the medium and low voltage level, a temporary islanded microgrid operation of distribution grid structures becomes possible. The islanded operation can be advantageous during a blackout of the transmission grid, as the supply of customers can be ensured using local generation units. In order to enable an autonomous operation, at least one grid-forming unit is required. In this paper, a distributed grid-forming control concept based on several droop-controlled grid-forming converters is focused. By conducting dynamic time domain simulations and applying load changes in the CIGRE medium voltage benchmark grid, the impact of the amount and the positioning of the grid-forming converters is investigated. A particular focus is placed on the interactions between the grid-forming and the existing grid-following converters, which are implemented to behave according to the German grid code VDE-AR-N 4110. The results show a beneficial behaviour of the distributed grid-forming control concept, if no dominant grid-forming converter coupled generation unit is present in the grid. This is due to the fact that the load changes are initially shared among the grid-forming units. Furthermore, an electrically closer positioning of the grid-forming converters can balance that initial power sharing.


.......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iv List of tables ................................................................................................................................. xiv List of figures .............................................................................................................................. xvii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... xix Chapter I.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Overall introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rationale........................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 References ........................................................................................................................ 8 Bridge to chapter II ....................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter II ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Literature review ........................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Dietary fatty acids and cardiovascular disease ............................................................... 12 2.1.1 Monounsaturated fatty acids ................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Polyunsaturated fatty acids ..................................................................................... 18


The storm Hydrograph model described is based on the partial contributing area concept. It utilizes a physically based infiltration capacity distribution for computation of rainfall excess, and it incorporates two stages of kinematic routing. In the first stage the rainfall excess is routed over a flow plane to become the lateral inflow hydrograph for the second or channel phase. The overland flow plane expands upslope as the infiltration capacity is exceeded, the size of contributing area and the length of the flow plane being calculated from infiltration curves. The model attempts to account for the natural watershed variability in terms of necessary input data and boundary and initial conditions. The data requirements are three: they include two Manning's n values, one for the channel and one for the overland flow plane, and the initial soil water content.


A mechanism for 8-chlorophenethylamine inhibition of dopamine @-monooxygenwe has been postulated in which enzyme-bound a-aminoacetophenone is generated, followed by an intramolecular redox reaction to yield a ketone-derived radical cation as the enzyme inhibitory species (Mangold, J. B., and Klinman, J. P. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7772-7779). If correct, additional compounds capable of producing enzyme-


The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Self-Critical Rumination Scale in Turkish culture and to examine the mediating role of self-critical rumination in the relationship between perfectionism and academic procrastination among university students. In line with this objective, firstly we reached out 282 undergraduate students studying at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University in the Fall semester of 2018-2019 academic year. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed with the data obtained. As a result of the validity and reliability analyses, it was concluded that the Self-Critical Rumination Scale was a valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkish culture. In order to examine the relationship between perfectionism, self-critical rumination, and academic procrastination, 712 undergraduate students aged between 18 and 33 years participated in the study. Basic Mediation Analysis was performed with the data obtained. Jamovi and RStudio softwares were used to analyze the data. In the light of the findings, self-critical rumination was found to have a fully mediating role in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and academic procrastination. On the other hand, while there was a low negative and significant relationship between adaptive perfectionism and academic procrastination, no significant correlation was found between self-critical rumination and adaptive perfectionism. Finally, findings were discussed and suggestions were made to both researchers and practitioners in the light of literature.Keywords: Academic procrastination, perfectionism, self-critical rumination, open science practices


Objective To evaluate the clinical correlation of ocular ischemia disease with the carotid stenosis.Methods 70 patients with ischemia disease were selected,and examined by carotid color Doppler.The results were studied statistically.Results The existence of carotid stenosis was significantly higher in patients with central(branch) retinal artery occlusion,ophthalmoparalysis,ocular ischemic syndrome,and neovascular glaucoma.But it did not occur in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy.Conclusion Among the ocular ischemic diseases,central(branch) retinal artery occlusion,ophthalmoparalysis,ocular ischemic syndrome,and neovascular glaucoma could predict the existence of carotid stenosis,but ischemic optic neuropathy could not.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetic characteristics of grotesque images in fashion specially focused on the postmodern grotesque with the relationship between body and fashion. The results are as follows: The postmodern grotesque fashion images in the years of 1990-2000 can be analyzed as trans-stylistic, trans-boundaries which have been set by the modem western white elite men group. The postmodern grotesque fashion images in the years of 1990-2000 can be categorized as 1) unclear boundaries between genders: body and dress; human being and non-human being; life and death; wholeness and fragmentation; clear body and abject body. 2) violence to the body: body mutation by simplification, exaggeration; body injury.


The use of tracking devices to monitor birds is extensive, but the effects of such instruments on equipped individuals are still insufficiently taken into account. Here we evaluate potential effects of backpack-mounted satellite transmitters (platform terminal transmitters; PTTs) on survival of 28 Snowy Owls Bubo scandiacus . Six confirmed deaths were all probably related to natural and human-induced causes. Although PTT operational time was significantly shorter than expected lifetime of Snowy Owls, five owls were observed alive after transmissions ceased. Additionally four PTTs stopped due to low battery levels, indicating end of transmitter life and not owl mortality. We found no evidence of mortality caused by PTTs, but sample sizes are relatively low and detrimental effects on equipped Snowy Owls cannot be excluded. We recommend caution when instrumenting large owls.


There are some problems in coal production,such as backward management and insufficient supervision. Therefore,it is necessary to design a safety management system for coal enterprise. This decision system uses the interactive technology of PHP and database to share security knowledge data in network and analyze security problems intelligently. All domestic laws and regulations and safety knowledge were almost integrated in system databases. Its compatibility is very strong. AJAX technology was used to make users and server interactive and process the data more quickly when calling the databases. So,the system can be friendlier than general software. Combining the system with the coal enterprise,we provide a platform for intelligent decision- making and learning management between human and computer.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for concentrating high efficient gas and a method for controlling the same are provided to actively control the consumed amount of highly concentrated oxygen during a nitrogen cleaning process. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for concentrating high efficient gas includes an air compressor(100), absorbing towers(200, 300), concentrating flow paths(210, 310), and a cleaning tank(400). The air compressor supplies highly compressed gas. The absorbing towers are arranged at the upper side of the air compressor. The absorbing towers absorb nitrogen and concentrate oxygen. The concentrating flow paths are arranged on the upper side of the absorbing towers and discharge concentrated oxygen. The cleaning tank supplies concentrated oxygen and alternately cleans absorbed nitrogen.


Assessment of plasma biomarkers is emerging as a potential noninvasive way to determine risk for dementia. To further evaluate the utility of plasma


A 6-year-old boy who presented with sore throat had bilateral swellings in the submandibular regions (figure 1A). Surprisingly the swellings were pulsatile. Detailed history revealed generalised hypotonia during infancy with motor developmental delay. He had undergone sternotomy for closure of a large atrial septal defect at the age of 4 years. On examination he had lean built with long face, high arched palate, large ears, sternotomy scar …


The invention discloses skiing bodybuilding equipment. The skiing bodybuilding equipment comprises an underframe, an arc-shaped sliding rail, foot plates and a vertical frame, the arc-shaped sliding rail is fixed on the underframe, the foot plates are arranged on the arc-shaped sliding rail in a sliding mode, the vertical frame is arranged on the back side of the underframe, armrests are arranged at the upper end of the vertical frame, and a damping mechanism used for providing resistance for sliding of the foot plates is arranged in the vertical frame. The skiing bodybuilding equipment can simulate skiing, improve synthesis coordination ability of a person, is smooth in operation, simple in maintenance and novel in appearance, and fills the blank of outdoor bodybuilding equipment markets in the prior art.


Of 205 tree creeper males in 7 syntopic populations 69 (34%) were mixed singers. Of these, 17 sang complete short-toed tree creeper song, six sang incomplete and 46 sang only one element thereof. In three populations (Neuenburg, Wendhausen, Kenzingen) there was a dominance of mixed singers, in another population (Lorettowald) a large proportion was present. Only one mixed singer was found in each of the last three populations (Freiburg, Bodanruck, Seerucken).

Three populations had high proportions of mixed singers between 1960 and 1970 and later in 1983 and/or 1984. Two other populations had only one mixed singer in both periods. A small isolated population of 4 to 5 tree creeper pairs (Lorettowald) with many mixed singers was surrounded by populations with low proportions of mixed singers (Bodanruck, Seerucken).

The proportions of different forms of mixed songs in Neuenburg in 1983 and 1984 were almost identical to those in the 1960′s whereas highly significant changes occurred in Kenzingen.

The pronounced differences in the songs of tree creepers and short-toed tree creepers probably do not result from contrast reinforcement. Mixed song is also probably not caused by character (vocal) convergence according to Cody (1969) and Dobkin (1979). Instead, it seems more probable that mixed song results from errors in copying, which are passed on to the next offspring by cultural transmission.


PURPOSE: A constructed wetland for the reduction of greenhouse gases using sphagnum and swamp plants, and a construction method thereof are provided to increase the productivity of the sphagnum and swamp plants, to maximize the fixing ability of carbon by reducing the degradability, and to facilitate mass production with an affordable cost by replacing the expensive peat mosses. CONSTITUTION: A construction method of a constructed wetland for the reduction of greenhouse gases comprises the following steps: a first step of building a puddle in a subject area(110) for a wetland construction and forming a waterproof layer(120) within the puddle; a second step of forming a growth base material layer(130) for swamp plants on the waterproof layer; a third step of creating a subject area(140) for a habitat of sphagnum in a predetermined portion of the growth base material layer; and a fourth step of implanting the swamp plants(161) and the sphagnum(151) on the growth base material layer for the swamp plants and the subject area for a habitat of the sphagnum. In the first step, the waterproof layer is formed using mud or bentonite all over the inside of the puddle. The growth base material layer for swamp plants is formed by mixing sand and bed soil at 1:0.24-4 in a volume ratio.


An analytical solution of a two-dimensional advection diffusion equation with time dependent coefficients is obtained by using Laplace Integral Transformation Technique. The horizontal medium of solute transport is considered of semi-infinite extent along both the longitudinal and lateral directions. The input concentration is assumed at an intermediate position of the domain. It helps to evaluate concentration level along the flow as well as against the flow through one model only. The source of the input concentration is considered to be of pulse type. In the presence of the source, it is assumed to be decreasing very slowly with time, and just after the elimination of the source it is assumed to be zero. The dispersion coefficient and the advection parameter are considered directly proportional to each other. The analytical solution may be used to predict the solute concentration level with position and time in an open medium as well as in a porous medium. The effect of heterogeneity on the solute transport may also be predicted.


Overview of the literature on the history of newsreels and other forms of filmed news, situated within theories of globalisation, cultural dominance and local culture.


Abstract In a famous passage in chapter 12 of the General Theory, Keynes observed: "As the organisation of investment markets improves, the risk of the predominance of speculation does, however, increase. In one of the greatest investment markets in the world, namely, New York, the influence of speculation (in the above sense, i.e. `the activity of forecasting the psychology of the market') is enormous. ... Speculators may do no harm as bubbles on a steady stream of enterprise. But the position is serious when enterprise becomes the bubble on a whirlpool of speculation. When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. The measure of success attained by Wall Street, regarded as an institution of which the proper social purpose is to direct new investment into the most profitable channels in terms of future yield, cannot be claimed as one of the outstanding triumphs of laissez-faire capitalism...[Keynes, 1936, pp 158-159]" Today, however, as a part of a general trend towards liberalisation, deregulation, privatisation, the diminution of the role of the state and enhancement of that of the market which for various reasons is sweeping the globe - the North and the South, what remains of the East as well as the West - an important feature of the development of the financial sector in a large number of developing economies is the very fast growth of stock markets in these countries. The establishment and expansion of these markets is favoured not just by the Bretton Woods institutions, as one would expect, but also by many heterodox economists as well those from the centrally planned economies.


The presents a model for the selection of design schemes by us in g expert evaluation and fuzzy synthetic evaluation. The effects of fuzzy factors upon the design of the machine are considered in the model. Based on them, appl ying CriteriumR DecisionPlus system for appraising the three designs of the belt transportation equipment working in the funnel.


A bioenergetic model was developed which simulated effects of temperature, prey density, and larval size on ability of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, larvae to obtain food energy to provide for experimentally determined growth and metabolism. Larval feeding at constant tempera ture and as a function ofprey concentration was exponential and more sharply asymptotic in younger fish than in those near metamorphosis. Specific growth rlltes were exponentially related to prey concentrations and ranged from 5.72 to 8.70%/day at survival prey concentrations of3.7 to 21.7 call liter. Daily required feeding time was directly related to prey availability. Critical plankton densities below which larvae did not have enough time during the day to obtain adequate food for growth and metabolism varied with age and ranged from 2.1 to 5.7 calliiter. Simulated physiological energy utilization and required caloric food intake were inversely related to prey concentration and varied with larval stage of development. Food requirements expressed as numbers of copepod nauplii consumed per day ranged from 19 for first feeding larvae to 235 for metamorphosed juveniles. Predicted gross growth efficiencies were directly related to prey concentration and increased with age from 5 to 33%. All indications pointed to a "critical period" oflarval survival during the period of exogenous feeding initiation and immediately after.


A WA Library Technicians Group member outlines her experience of attending the Lake Joondalup Baptist College discussion session on the role of a 'real life' Library Technician. The author related her career and role in a corporate law library, and her colleague, Wendy Morris, related her experience at the ECU Joondalup University.


Decision factors for automotive suppliers to locate in an automotive supplier park were investigated. This was done in the particular context of a developing country and of supply to multiple vehicle manufacturers (OEMs). Decision factor constructs for automotive suppliers to locate in automotive supplier parks were identified from literature, but in the context of developed countries and of supply to a single OEM. A comprehensive construct from literature was tested with suppliers located in the first automotive supplier park (ASP) in South Africa to establish to which extent their decision factors corresponded to those of their counterparts in developed countries. The research design was that of an exploratory case study. It was found that the decision factors from literature were applicable and sufficient for the developing country multiple-OEM context but that the context caused distinct differences in the logistics service provider structure of the park tenants and the ranking of decision factors to locate in the park.


The gas-phase formation and hydrolysis reactions of the mononuclear and binuclear organomagnesate ions [RCCMgnCl2n]− (where R = H, Ph and n = 1, 2) were studied using a combination of ion trap mass spectrometry based experiments and DFT calculations. The organomagnesates were formed via decarboxylation of the carboxylates [RCCCO2MgnCl2n]−. The binuclear organomagnesates [RCCMg2Cl4]− were found to be at least 5 times more reactive than the mononuclear organomagnesates [RCCMgCl2]− (where R = H, Ph). The DFT calculations highlight the role that a second magnesium center can have on both the formation and reaction of an organomagnesate. Thus, DFT calculations reveal that while decarboxylation of the mononuclear carboxylate [HCCCO2MgCl2]− proceeds via only one pathway involving a four-centered transition state, there are two different decarboxylation pathways possible for the isomeric binuclear carboxylates [HCCCO2Mg2Cl4]−: (i) a related four-centered transition state involving a single Mg, resulting in the or...


The present invention relates to a cell string which can form a nerve imitation technique. The cell string is formed so that two or more cell elements are connected in series in a wall typed semiconductor formed on a semiconductor substrate. Each of the cell elements comprises; a semiconductor substrate; a wall typed semiconductor in which first, second, and third semiconductor layers are stacked; a separated insulation film which is formed on the semiconductor substrate in which the wall typed semiconductor is not formed; a gate insulation film of a stacked structure which is formed on the upper surface and sidewall of the wall typed semiconductor; and a control electrode formed on the gate insulation film. The second and third semiconductors of the wall typed semiconductor of each cell element form a gated diode. The first, second, and third semiconductor layers and the control electrode form a MOS transistor or a non-volatile transistor. The cell string according to the present invention copies an excitement transmission function using a gated diode structure and copies a suppress function using the MOS transistor or the non-volatile transistor. Therefore, the cell string models various functions of a synapse.


Formerly, a method for analysing the stress state in the plastically flowing transparent plane model by using the stress birefringence was proposed as a model test for studying the metal forming process or creep deformation. In this paper, the values of constants contained in the fundamental relations of the method are determined by the calibration test with a softened celluloid specimen. From the results of calibration test, it becomes clear that the value of principal stress difference in the plastically flowing body may be estimated from the fringe order appearing in it within a few percent of error independent of the values of stress rate and principal stress ratio as far as the latter value is negative.


Spatially coupled low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have attracted considerable attention due to their promising performance. Recursive encoding of the codes with low delay and low complexity has been proposed in the literature but with constraints or restrictions. In this manuscript we propose an efficient method to construct parity-check matrices for recursively encoding spatially coupled LDPC codes with arbitrarily chosen node degrees. A general principle is proposed, which provides feasible and practical guidance for the construction of parity-check matrices. According to the specific structure of the matrix, each parity bit at a coupling position is jointly determined by the information bits at the current position and the encoded bits at former positions. Performance analysis in terms of design rate and density evolution has been presented. It can be observed that, in addition to the feature of recursive encoding, selected code structures constructed by the newly proposed method may lead to better belief-propagation thresholds than the conventional structures. Finite-length simulation results are provided as well, which verify the theoretical analysis.


The electrical equipment loss caused by the lightning and power's increasing demand is reduced by monitoring the extent of the surge protector failure through measuring its leakage current on-line. Proposed a method of monitoring the surge protector's failure degree online based on mutual inductance current sensor, established its mathematical model, analyzed the influence of coil turns, load resistance and stray capacitance on the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristic. And used impact and sinusoidal signal to composite a motivic signal to test the optimized current sensor's time-domain response feature by simulation. Experiments show: while the range of measured current is 0.2~9 mA, the mutual inductance current sensor designed can resist the impact of 50 kA high current, the current measurement error can be less than 0.11 mA, meet requirement of the leakage current on-line monitoring.


IntroductionProper acetabular cup placement is very important factor for successful clinical results in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Malposition of acetabular cup has been linked to increased rates of dislocation, impingement, pelvic osteolysis, cup migration, leg length discrepancy and polyethylene wear. Recently, some authors reported usefulness of navigation systems to set the acetabular cups with correct position. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of acetabular cup placement in THA using computed tomography (CT)-based navigation system.Material and MethodsSubjects were 235 hip joints we performed primary THA using CT based navigation system (Stryker® Navigation System, Stryker Corporation, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) from 2008 to 2014 and could assess the implant position by postoperative CT images. Their average age was 65.1 years (range 35–88). In all cases, non-cemented acetabular cups were implanted. TriAD cups (Stryker®) were used in 31 hips, and Tritanium cups (Stryker®) were used i...


Death of a person due to passage of electric current through the body is known as electrocution. In electric burns there maybe small entry and exit points visible, of electric current. Fatal electrocution is divided into: Domestic electrocution low voltage (220–240V), Industrial electrocution high voltage (40,000-11, 00,000V), Lightening very high voltage in thunder storms. The current may cause tissue damage or fibrillation if it is sufficiently high. Generally, currents approaching 100 mA are lethal if they pass through sensitive portions of the body. This is a case of fatal electrocution without visible electric burn mark. Occasionally, if the contact area is moist and duration of contact is very short, death could be possible without visible electric burn mark.


In this study, we have demonstrated the use of a frequency-doubled femtosecond optical parametric oscillator in generating two-photon excitation that is equivalent to ultraviolet (UV) light with wavelength less than 300 nm. This capability allows observation of some amino acids and enables excitation that is only possible with wavelength in UVB range (290 nm-320 nm).


The fate of airborne metal pollutants in soils is still relatively unknown. We studied the incorporation of such airborne metal pollution in two soils under long‐term permanent pasture (PP) and conventional arable land (CA). Both soils were located at an almost equal distance from a former zinc smelter complex and developed under comparable pedogenetic conditions. Profiles of total concentrations of Zn, chosen as a mobile, and Pb as a little‐ or non‐mobile element, were examined and compared with macro‐ and micromorphological soil characteristics (soil colour, biological activity). The two soils showed different profiles of total Zn and Pb concentrations, with a marked decrease of concentrations of both elements under the plough layer in CA, whereas the decrease was more progressive in PP. However, the stocks of Zn and Pb for the 1‐m soil profiles of CA and PP were comparable. Correlation of Zn and Pb concentration at different depths with total Fe contents and comparison with estimated data for the local geochemical background (LGCB), suggests transport of Zn from the surface to depth in CA and PP, and Pb movement in PP. In CA, 53% of Zn and 92.5% of Pb stocks derived from airborne metal pollution were located at depths < 26 cm. In PP, only 40% of Zn and 82% of Pb, derived from airborne pollution, were found in the A11 and A12 horizons (< 26 cm), the remaining 18% of the Pb stock being incorporated until 50 cm depth; one‐third of total Zn stock ascribed to airborne pollution was found at depths > 50 cm. Studies of the composition of gravitational water collected in soils from the same study area suggest two mechanisms for metal movement. First, mobile metal ions (Zn2+) move in the soil solution and are intercepted by iron‐clay complexes in deeper soil horizons. Second, observed only in PP, simultaneous movement of Zn and Pb is ascribed to bioturbation by earthworms.


The periodic foundation is a novel seismic isolation technology which uses the filtering characteristics of periodic structures. In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing attenuation mechanism, and to have a better attenuation effect on the main frequency band of ground motions, a periodic foundation based on the inertial amplification mechanism (IAPF) is proposed. The seismic mitigation performance of IAPF is studied by frequency response analysis. The sensitivity analysis and optimization of the interactive system which is composed of IAPF and superstructure are also carried out. The performance of the IAPF interactive system is compared with that of the interactive system composed of the local resonance periodic foundation and superstructure. The results show that IAPF does not require a large resonator mass to mitigate structural response. In addition, proper additional damping can significantly reduce the resonance peak and has negligible effect on the attenuation depth, which makes up for the shortcoming that the periodic foundation will amplify the response at the resonance peaks outside the attenuation zone to some extent.


In article the basic problems of application business model of budgetary air service, history of their development and a problem which the Russian airlines have faced are considered.


Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the clinical effects of arthroscopic suture bridge technique in the treatment of traumatic shoulder dislocation with rotator cuff injuries. Methods: A total of 150 cases of traumatic shoulder joint dislocation, combined with the rotator cuff injuries, were randomly selected. The research duration lasted from March 2015 to March 2017. Patients were divided into the control group (conservative treatment, 75 cases) and experiment group (suture bridge technology under arthroscopy, 75 cases). One year after intervention, the two groups were compared for shoulder joint activity (forward bending and abduction), shoulder joint function (constant score and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system), pain degree (visual analogue scale (VAS), numerical rating scale (NRS)), muscle strength (abductors and flexor anterior), and recurrent rate of dislocation. Results: In the experiment group, abduction activities, bending range, UCLA scores, constant scores, abductor muscle strength, and bending strength were significantly higher than those in the control group. VAS and NRS scores and dislocation recurrence rates, however, were significantly lower (all P<0.01) than the control group. Conclusion: Arthroscopic suturing can improve the strength and mobility of shoulder joints in patients with traumatic shoulder dislocation and rotator cuff injuries, reducing recurrence rates of dislocation. This method exhibits positive effects and is worthy of clinical use.


Since uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) traffic loads are time-variant in femtocells, it is essential to adapt dynamic-TDD (D-TDD) to effectively adjust the UL and DL transmission resources. However, due to the cross-link interference of D-TDD, the benefits of dynamically adjusting the UL and DL resources are diminished. The currently used interference mitigation scheme, the clustering scheme, achieves interference mitigation but reduces the ability of DL and UL resource adaptation. In this research, we propose "Soft Reconfiguration" to reduce interference while allowing femtocells to dynamically adjust their UL and DL resources. In Soft Reconfiguration, the femtocells which highly interfere with each other will be categorized in the same interference group, but unlike the clustering scheme, the femtocells in the same group are allowed to choose different subframe configurations. In the simulation, we compared Soft Reconfiguration with two schemes, D-TDD without interference mitigation and the clustering scheme. The results show that the soft reconfiguration scheme outperforms the other two schemes in better throughput and effective resource utilization.


The carbon emission market is the core policy tool to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. To fully extract the complex features of carbon price series such as non-stationary, non-linear, and multi-scale etc. This paper constructs an integrated hybrid forecasting model CEEMD-GWO-LSSVR based on the multi-scale decomposition of carbon price decomposition. Firstly, the original carbon price series are decomposed into eigenmodal functions (IMFs) of different scales by complementary ensemble empirical modal decomposition (CEEMD), and the LSSVR model optimized by the grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) is used as the prediction model to forecast the obtained IMFs, and finally, the prediction results of all IMFs are linearly integrated. This paper selects the price data of the Shanghai carbon trading market for the empirical study, and the empirical results show that the prediction accuracy of the hybrid model proposed in this paper is significantly better than that of the benchmark model.


Belarus is one of the most stable authoritarian regimes with an extremely restricted media system. The regime emerged around 1995-96 and since then, it has operated an increasingly controlled network of legacy media that manipulate public opinion. This network relies on underlying tactics of disinformation rooted in old-school media manipulation used during the Soviet times, aimed at defaming political opponents of the regime and spreading misinformation (Disinformation Resilience in Central and Eastern Europe, 2018). National television remains a state monopoly, state institutions own major newspapers and the state regulates FM waves. The government uses these state-controlled media, along with selective financial support for content producers, restrictive laws and intimidation of users, to introduce manipulation into the online landscape (Freedom House, 2019).


Abstract This paper examines the development and potential of Group Technology as an alternative means of organizing production. It traces the evolution of the notions of Group Technology over time, and identifies four distinct stages in the development of Group Technology. It highlights the fact that much of the literature on Group Technology concentrates on its technical merits, and fails to consider its social possibilities. In contrast this paper stresses the importance of recognizing that Group Technology is not just a technical process, but also a social and cultural process.lt goes on to identify different levels at which Group Technology can be applied and to delineate not only where it is technically and socially feasible but also where it is a preferable means or organizing production.


In this chapter, we study a comparison between MR and MAR for the N -qubit GHZ state to bring out the differences and similarities between the two representations. Depending on whether N is odd or even we have different axes and classification for both representations in the case of N -qubit GHZ state. We show that pure state classification based on MR is not a special case of our classification scheme based on MAR.


Acetic acid was oxidized in supercritical water over a bulk MnO2 catalyst. CO2, the complete oxidation product, was produced almost quantitatively. The rate of acetic acid disappearance exhibited saturation kinetics with respect to acetic acid, a maximum with respect to the oxygen concentration, and an independence from the water concentration. We identified a global rate law that was both qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with these experimental results. Using this catalytic rate law and literature rate laws for noncatalytic oxidation of acetic acid in supercritical water, we found that the use of MnO2 as an oxidation catalyst can reduce the reactor volume required for treatment of aqueous solutions of acetic acid by more than 2 orders of magnitude.


The paucity of books that treat [esus with both historieal and theologieal seriousness makes Leander Keck's Mo is fesus? History in Perfect Tense welcome to both historian and theologian. It is not only the rarity of this sort of book that makes it welcome, though, for it is a book of care, sober judgment, and searching theological reflection. Divided into five chapters, "The Presence of the Past," "The Permanent Particular: Jesus the [ew;" "The Embodied Future: [esus the Teacher," "The Fractured Prism: [esus' Death and the Living God," andTIhe Authorizing Judge: [esus in the Moral Life," the book truly finds its voice in the final two chapters, where Keck's theological assessment of the significance of [esus' words and deeds come to the fore. This is not to say that the first three chapters on the historieal reconstruction of [esus do not have much to offer; but it is so refreshing to find a biblical scholar doing theology and not simply gathering facts like some arcane accountant of the Gospels.


OBJECTIVE: To identify global research trends in the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction. DATA RETRIEVAL: We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction published during 2002–2011, retrieved from Scopus, using the key words of acupuncture and cerebral infarction or ischemic stroke. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed articles on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction indexed in Scopus and published between 2002 and 2011; types of publications were original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items. Exclusion criteria: articles that required manual searching or telephone access; documents that were not published in the public domain; and corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (a) Annual publication output; (b) language of publication; (c) type of publication; (d) key words of publication; (e) publication by research field; (f) publication by journal; (g) publication by country and institution; (h) publication by author; (i) most-cited papers between 2002 and 2006; and (j) most-cited papers between 2007 and 2011. RESULTS: A total of 160 publications on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction from 2002–2011 were retrieved from Scopus. The number of publications increased gradually over the 10-year study period; most were written in Chinese or English. Articles and reviews constituted the major types. The most frequent key word used was acupuncture. The most prolific journals in this area were Zhongguo Zhen Jiu and the Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation. Of the 160 publications retrieved, half came from Chinese authors and institutions. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the most prolific research institute. Two papers were cited 30 times; they were published in 2002 and 2009, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the field of neuroscience, there is little literature on acupuncture for cerebral infarction. The most-cited papers were cited 30 times in the past 3 years. We believe that, with advances in the study of mechanisms in neurobiology, research on acupuncture will also advance and will become the concern of more scholars.


INTRODUCTION to the PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA and the USE of ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in THEIR STUDY. INTRODUCTION. PHOTOTROPIC PROKARYOTES. Introduction. Oxygenic Phototrophs. Cyanobacteria. Chloroxybacteria. Anoxygenic Phototrophs. Purple Phototrophs. Green Phototrophs. Heliobacteria. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. Introduction. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Negative Staining. Chemical Fixation. Pure Cultures. Field Samples. Planktonic. Benthic. Freeze-Etching. Freeze Substitution. Immunohistochemistry. SUMMARY. MEMBRANE SYSTEMS in CYANOBACTERIA. INTRODUCTION. The OUTER MEMBRANE. THE CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE. PHOTOSYNTHETIC or THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. Techniques Used for the Study of Thylakoid Structure. Fundamental Nature of the Thylakoid Membrane System. Thylakoid Arrangements in Unicellular Cyanobacteria. Thylakoid Arrangements in Filamentous Cyanobacteria. Heterocyst Intracytoplasmic Membranes. Thylakoid Membranes in Symbiotically Associated Cyanobacteria. Intrathylakoid Vesicles. Thylakoidal Branchi ng. Thylakoid-Cytoplasmic Membrane Interconnections. Thylakoids and Cellular Division. Mechanisms of Thylakoid Synthesis. Functions of Thylakoid Membranes. MISCELLANEOUS MEMBRANE SYSTEMS. Mesosomes. Lamellasomes. Myelin-Like Structures. Other Membranous Inclusions. The PURPLE PHOTOTROPHS. INTRODUCTION. The PURPLE NON-SULFUR BACTERIA. Introduction. Evidence for the Continuity Between Cell Membrane and Intracytoplasmic Chromatophore Membrane. Role of Cell Membrane in the Formation of the Intracytoplasmic Chromatophore Membrane. Molecular Organization of the Intracytoplasmic Chromatophore Membrane. Role of Cell Cycle in Membrane Structure. The PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA. Introduction. General Ultrastructure of the Members of this Group. Evidence for the Continuity Between Cell Membrane and Intracytoplasmic Chromatophore Membrane. Ultrastructural Studies. Biochemical Studies. Role of the Cell Membrane in the Formation of Intracytoplasmic Chromatophore Membrane. Molecular Organization of the Intracytoplasmic Chromatophore Membrane. Biochemical Studies. Ultrastructural Studies. SUMMARY. The GREEN PHOTOTROPIC BACTERIA and HELIOBACTERIA. INTRODUCTION. ORGANISMS and CELL MORPHOLOGY. Chlorobiaceae. Chloroflexaceae. Heliobacteria. ORGANIZATION of the PHOTOCHEMICAL APPARATUS in GREEN BACTERIA. Chlorosomes. Envelope. Chlorosome Core. Baseplate. Membrane Attachment Site. Organization of Chlorosome-Pigment Protein Complexes. Photochemistry and Photosynthetic Electron Transport. Development. Heliobacteria. Membrane Organization. Photochemistry. The ECOLOGY of PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA. INTRODUCTION. Environmental Parameters. Light. Oxygen and Sulfide. pH, Redox, Salinity, and Temperature. Dynamics. Elemental Cycling. Sediment Interaction. Light Strategies. Seasonal Variation and Succession. Planktonic Microbial Communities. Lake Ciso, Spain. Mangrove Lake, Bermuda. Benthic Microbial Communities. Laguna Figueroa. Orange Layer. Green Layer. Pink Layer. Salmon Layer. Colored Scu ms. Succession. SUM


An attachment structure for a load-bearing fabric (16) including an expandable carrier (28) secured to an un-stretched load-bearing fabric (16). To attach the carrier (28) to a support frame (26), the carrier and fabric are stretched together to desired shape and secured to the frame. An indexing system registers the carrier and frame and optionally stretches the fabric a predetermined amount. The present invention also provides a lip that flexes in one direction and maintains the fabric in a stretched condition in another.


The interest in biomaterials surface technology has led to an investigation of rigid gas permeable contact lens inner surface using scanning probe microscopy for measurement. Topography and phase images were recorded in order to investigate surface roughness and properties after an extended period of contact lens wearing. Analysis is based on fractal approach incorporated with MatLab software for image processing. The fractal dimension, calculated by skyscrapers method, is used for surface identification and subsequently for surface behaviour explanation. The authors' aim is to point out that time is merely a commercial category for rigid gas permeable contact lens replacement and that only significant changes in surface properties render such replacement necessary.


The urgency of this research stems from the sudden movement of the face-to-face learning system to the online system due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but all the achievement of learning objectives must continue to run effectively, especially speaking skills as a basis for communication. This study aims to (1) analyze and describe the feasibility of learning speaking skills using online learning in elementary schools, (2) analyze and describe the barriers to the process of learning speaking skills online in elementary schools. The research method used in this research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques using interviews and observation. Checking the validity of the data used the persistence steps of observation and triangulation. The results of observations of the implementation of learning using the online learning process obtained a score of 84 with a percentage of 84% which is included in the "very good" category. The results of the interview on the implementation of students' speaking skills using online learning were in the "good" category. The obstacle to implementing online speaking skills learning is the limited internet access for each student. This study concludes that online learning can facilitate students' speaking skills in elementary schools effectively.


Since 1946 the United Nations Commission on Human Rights has operated as the first international body empowered to promote all the human rights of all the world's people.' The Commission's annual sessions combine elements of diplomacy, legislative policy-making, and quasi-judicial inquiry in a decision-making process that serves both political interests and legal ideals. Which individuals, states and regional groups have been most influential in recent Commission decision-making? What procedural rules govern the conduct of meetings? How do political factors influence the results? This article describes and evaluates the Commission's personnel, procedure, and politics from 1979 through 1982 using information derived from personal interviews, United Nations documents, and secondary sources.2 A brief introductory section details the significant changes in the Commission's


We present a chemo‐mechanical finite element method model for the breathing effect of the silicon anode during lithiation and delithiation. The model is based on the framework for gradient extended standard dissipative solids. It couples diffusion of lithium ions, phase transformation with a moving phase boundary, and the related volume changes, which lead to mechanical stresses in the material. The driving force for diffusion is given by the gradient of the electrochemical potential. Phase transformation and phase boundary movement are described by the Allen–Cahn equation in combination with a constrained double obstacle potential. To shift the constraint from the nodes to the Gauss points, the model makes use of the micromorphic approach.


Abstract : To obtain and preserve valuable untranslated records of the large fires resulting from air attacks in World War II, Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (formerly the Office of Civil Defense) sent personnel to Germany in 1965. They found, and obtained permission to publish, a number of documents and photographs, particularly of the mass fire in Hamburg, Germany. These documents have been translated and analyzed and a number of reports concerning them have been published. The present report contains the remaining translations and pictures considered worth preserving for those studying the effects of large fires.


Blockchain is an essentially distributed database recording all transactions or digital events among participating parties. Each transaction in the records is approved and verified by consensus of the participants in the system that requires solving a hard mathematical puzzle, which is known as proof-ofwork. To make the approved records immutable, the mathematical puzzle is not trivial to solve and therefore consumes substantial computing resources. However, it is energy-wasteful to have many computational nodes installed in the blockchain competing to approve the records by just solving a meaningless puzzle. Here, we pose proof-of-work as a reinforcement-learning problem by modeling the blockchain growing as a Markov decision process, in which a learning agent makes an optimal decision over the environment's state, whereas a new block is added and verified. Specifically, we design the block verification and consensus mechanism as a deep reinforcement-learning iteration process. As a result, our method utilizes the determination of state transition and the randomness of action selection of a Markov decision process, as well as the computational complexity of a deep neural network, collectively to make the blocks not easy to recompute and to preserve the order of transactions, while the blockchain nodes are exploited to train the same deep neural network with different data samples (state-action pairs) in parallel, allowing the model to experience multiple episodes across computing nodes but at one time. Our method is used to design the next generation of public blockchain networks, which has the potential not only to spare computational resources for industrial applications but also to encourage data sharing and AI model design for common problems. Introduction Since the appearance of Bitcoin, blockchain technologies have brought about disruptions to traditional business processes, have been used for industrial advance, and have even triggered innovations in biotech and medical applications. Blockchain seeks to minimize the role of trust in achieving consensus. There are different consensus mechanisms exit, where the most well-known is the proof-of-work that requires solving a complicated computational process, such as finding hashes with specific patterns. This consensus algorithm disincentivizes misbehavior by making it costly for any agent to alter the state, so there is no need for trust in any particular central entity. Although there are other mechanisms for achieving consensus, proofof-work is self-sufficient and rent-free simultaneously. Proof-of-work systems have several major benefits. First, they are an excellent way to deter spammers. In addition, proof-of-work systems can be used to provide security to an entire network. If enough nodes (computers or dedicated mining machines) compete to find a specific solution, then the computational power needed to overpower and manipulate a network becomes unattainable for any single bad actor or even a single group of bad actors. However, there is a primary disadvantage to proof-of-work systems. They consume a large amount of computing power and waste energy, as additional electricity is used for computers to perform extra computational work. This can add up to an extremely large amount of excess electricity consumption and environmental detriment. Machine-learning technology has been powering many aspects of modern society, from web searches to content filtering on social networks to recommendations on e-commerce websites, and it is increasingly present in consumer products such as cameras and smartphones. Machine-learning systems are used to identify objects in images, transcribe speech into text, match news items, posts or products with users' interests, and select relevant search results. Particularly with the boom in digital data on the Internet, deep learning, as a representation-learning method, has shown great power in driving myriad intelligent applications and will have many more successes in the near future. Because it requires very little engineering by hand, deep learning can easily take advantage of increases in the amount of available computation and data. As one branch of machine learning technology, reinforcement learning is the task of learning what actions to take, given a certain situation or environment, to maximize a reward signal. In contrast to deep learning, which is a supervised process, reinforcement learning uses the reward signal to determine whether the action (or input) that the agent takes is good or bad. Reinforcement learning has inspired research in both artificial and biological intelligence and has been widely used in dynamic task scheduling, planning and cognitive control, and more interesting topics have been in active research. To use machine learning in practical scenarios, generally plenty of computational power is required to support so-called artificial intelligence (AI) model training and execution at different scales according to the complexity of models and the amount of data to be processed. For instance, GPT-3 and Switch Transformers have shown that AI model performance scales as a power law of model size, dataset size and amount of computation. The cost of AI is increasing exponentially to achieve the desired target with a larger model size and more crunched data. In general, when AI models and the training datasets are large enough, the models need to be trained for more than a few epochs to learn fully from the data and generalize well; therefore, the hardware cost and time cost are both high for well-performing AI applications. On the one hand, blockchain systems waste a large amount of computational power to solve the meaningless puzzles for proof-of-work, and on the other hand, many useful AI applications require substantial computing capacities to achieve high performance. To balance these two aspects, in this paper, we present a blockchain model that combines the computation for proof-of-work and for artificial intelligence model learning procedures as one process, achieving a consensus mechanism of blockchain and artificial intelligence computation simultaneously and in an efficient way. The blockchain model In this paper, we model the blockchain system as an agent of reinforcement learning. As depicted by Fig. 1, every block represents a state of a Markov state machine, whereas the creation and linking process of blocks is a Markov decision process (MDP), with the following setup: 1. The environment is defined as Oracle in this blockchain system, which provides the data to blockchain via its state transitions (St → St+1). 2. In the present state (St), the agent chooses an action (At) according to the current policy (πt) and receives a reward (Rt+1) from the environment, while the state of the environment transforms from St to St+1. Afterwards, the nodes of blockchain train the policy model and update it from πt to πt+1, which are stored in the memory of computing nodes as the function for choosing the next action by feeding the next state. The computation that occurs in this process is defined as the proof-of-work for the computing nodes, which compete to do so in the blockchain system. 3. Computing nodes of the system create a new block, recording the current state of environment (St+1), the last chosen action (At), the reward (Rt+1) received from the environment, the data (Dt+1) to be written onto blockchain for a transaction, and the Hash value of last block (ht+1 = Hash(St , At−1, Rt , Dt , ht)), as shown in Fig. 2. When a node finishes the computation of proof-ofwork and creates a new block, it is saying that a mining process is completed. 4. When a mining process completes, the newly created block is linked to the previous block by the hash value of the previous block (Fig. 2). Figure 1 The blockchain model based on reinforcement learning Figure 2 The mechanism for blocks to store data and being linked In any block of the chain, the stored Hash value of the previous block prevents the data from being falsified because if any data are changed, the block's Hash value must be different and in turn change the data stored in the next block, which invalidates the linkage of blocks within the chain. In addition, if the state of the environment (St) or action (At−1) stored in one block is modified, the next state (St+1), next action (At) and reward (Rt+1) will probably be different from those actually stored in the next block when transformed by the policy, which also largely decreases the possibility of and increases the difficulty of tampering with data.


Most mature clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits are used for high data rate (gigabit), few of them can be used in medium date rate. A digital CDR method based FPGA is raised to archive medium and low data rate serial digital communication, which can use simple line transceivers. The CDR circuit consist an FPGA, a VCO, and a loop filter. The FPGA implement the Phase detector. In the FPGA, a delay chain is constructed by a serial of delay chain taps. Each tap produces same amount of delayed time. The input signal is sent through the delay chain. Every output of the delay chain taps are sampled by the VCO output clock. The sampled result is compared to find the transition of data. Then the phase difference between the input signal and the VCO output clock can be obtained. The VCO control voltage is adjust to reduce the phase difference and archive phase lock. A second-order passive loop filter is used to filter the output of the phase detector. To make the loop work fine, the values of the resistances and capacitances of the loop filter are calculated from the parameters of the delay chain and the VCO, getting proper damping factor and natural frequency of the loop. Finally, an experiment based on XILINX spartan3E FPGA was made to build a 64Mbps transmission. The results show that the clock of the transmission was correctly recovered while the jitter was less than 2ns.


Magnetism has fascinated and served humanity for
almost 3000 years. Since the discovery of the lodestone
(FeO-Fe_2O_3), many different magnetic materials
have been developed, almost all based on transition
metals and/or rare-earth elements. Technological application
of magnetism also has a long history, from the compass to today's sophisticated magnetic memory systems. In contrast, the theory of magnetism has progressed more slowly, despite the efforts of great minds throughout history. The reason early theoretical models were not very valuable is now clear. Any viable theory of magnetism must be based on two inherently quantum mechanical concepts: electron spin and the Pauli exclusion principle. As such, only the 20th century has produced a competent model for magnetism,
and that model continues to evolve. Studies over the
last 20 years have revealed a bewildering array of new
magnetic phenomena that continue to challenge our
understanding of solid-state physics.


b-ionone has been shown to hold potent anti- proliferative and apoptosis induction properties in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the effects of b-ionone on apoptosis initiation and its possible mechanisms of action, we qual- ified cell apoptosis, proteins related to apoptosis and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)—AKT pathway in human gastric adenocarcinoma cancer SGC-7901 cells. The results demonstrated that b-ionone-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in SGC-7901 cells treated with b-ionone (25, 50, 100 and 200 lmol/L) for 24 h. b-ionone was also shown to induce the expression of cleaved-cas- pase-3 and inhibit bcl-2 expression in SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The significantly decreased lev- els of p-PI3K and p-AKT expression were observed in SGC-7901 cells after b-ionone treatments in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P \ 0.01). Thus, the apoptosis induction in SGC-7901 cells by b-ionone may be regulated through a PI3K-AKT pathway. These results demonstrate a potential mechanism by which b-ionone to induce apop- tosis initiation in SGC-7901 cells.


OBJECTIVE
To define the effects of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (ICFA) on subsequent arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and type II collagen (CII) in DA and Lewis rats.

METHODS
ICFA was injected into DA and Lewis rats before CFA or CII injection.

RESULTS
DA rats previously injected with ICFA had significantly less severe arthritis induced by CFA compared with those not receiving ICFA pretreatment (P < 0.01). ICFA had no significant impact on CFA-induced arthritis in Lewis rats or on CII-induced arthritis in DA rats.

CONCLUSION
The injection of ICFA alone specifically suppresses subsequent CFA-induced arthritis in DA rats, but not in Lewis rats.


Syntactic surprisal has been shown to have an effect on human sentence processing, and can be predicted from prefix probabilities of generative incremental parsers. Recent state-of-the-art incremental generative neural parsers are able to produce accurate parses and surprisal values but have unbounded stack memory, which may be used by the neural parser to maintain explicit in-order representations of all previously parsed words, inconsistent with results of human memory experiments. In contrast, humans seem to have a bounded working memory, demonstrated by inhibited performance on word recall in multi-clause sentences (Bransford and Franks, 1971), and on center-embedded sentences (Miller and Isard,1964). Bounded statistical parsers exist, but are less accurate than neural parsers in predict-ing reading times. This paper describes a neural incremental generative parser that is able to provide accurate surprisal estimates and can be constrained to use a bounded stack. Results show that the accuracy gains of neural parsers can be reliably extended to psycholinguistic modeling without risk of distortion due to un-bounded working memory.


The design method of model predictive controller was proposed for discrete- time systems in the presence of actuator saturation and stochastic nonlinear perturbation. The stochastic nonlinear perturbation of the systems was described according to a Bernoulli distributed white sequence with a known conditional probability. Based on the predictive control principle of receding optimization,the optimization problem was solved to ensure the upper bound on the expected value of infinite horizon performance objective minimizing,at each time. Using Lyapunov stable theory,the sufficient conditions were established to guarantee the feasibility of control algorithm and the stochastic stability of the closed- loop system. Finally,simulation results were given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.


Geometric zeta functions of Ihara and Hashimoto are generalized to higher rank. The $p$-adic version of the Patterson conjecture is proven.


This study explored and theorized the significant effects of typhoons relative to ICT products and services in the economy of a country that is most visited by this kind of catastrophe. Anent to this, the availability of information in the cloud such as economic indicator relative to ICT from the World Bank Organization (WBO) website and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) was exploited through data mining, specifically cluster analysis to in-depth the data analysis and generate a theory based on facts through dendrogram, amalgamation steps, and observation by cluster centroids. As a result based on the generated data using the cluster analysis, having three (3) clusters with twelve observations, it was speculated that there was a rise of ICT products and services even if the country where most visited by typhoons. This implies that ICT investment in the Philippines will continuously gain since it was not affected by this catastrophe. Hence, this negates some speculations that the ICT economy will be affected by this catastrophe. Finally, it was theorized that a country that is most visited by typhoons does not affect the economic growth relative to ICT products and services.


A new tool has been invented that enables a fast and efficient execution of design of experiments (DOE) for the characterization of electroplating chemistries. This new procedure uses a commerciall...


The aim of this study is to describe the mediations of the preceptor in the field of human health internship and acting as a transforming agent in the exercise of teaching. This is an integrative review of articles from the LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE databases and the virtual library SciELO, published between 2011 and 2019. For Merleau-Ponty, every possible experience and access to the world occurs through the body. For man, physical strength and sexuality are striking attributes of his body. Theoretical disciplines reaffirm this view, but do not relate it to male specificities and practice issues. The .preceptor nurse brings to his relationship with the undergraduate student the ability to listen, speak and observe, teaching him to care respecting male conceptions. It is concluded that teacher preceptors should lead undergraduates to actions based on this practice.


Objective To observe the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 inhibitor on the change of structural nitric oxide synthase(sNOS) caused by the 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid(1,2-EET) and study the mode of action of NOS and ERK in cardioprotection of 11,12-EET. Methods Myocardial ischemic/reperfusion model was produced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 min followed by 30 min reperfusion.The rats were divided into 4 groups: ischemia/reperfusion group(I/R);Sham group(Sham);EET and ischemia/reperfusion group(EET+I/R);EET,ischemia/reperfusion and PD098059 group(EET+I/R+PD).The heart function was evaluated by observing the maximum changes of intraventricular pressure(+dp/dt max and-dp/dt max).The activities of nitric oxide synthase of myocardium were examined by colorimetric method. Results At 30 min reperfusion,+dp/dt max and-dp/dt max decreased significantly in I/R group compared with Sham group and EET+IR group(P0.01),and those in EET+I/R+PD group were less than those in EET+I/Rgroup(P0.01).The activities of sNOS in IR group were lower than those in Sham group and EET+I/R group(P0.01),and those in EET+I/R group were higher than those in EET+I/R+PD group(P0.01). Conclusion Cardioprotective effect of 11,12-EET may be mediated by increasing the ERK then increasing the activity of sNOS.


The paper considers the most developed system of industrial energy management created on the basis of the international standard ISO 50001.


Directive-based, accelerator programming models such as OpenACC have arisen as an alternative solution to program emerging Scalable Heterogeneous Computing (SHC) platforms. However, the increased complexity in the SHC systems incurs several challenges in terms of portability and productivity. This paper presents an open-sourced OpenACC compiler, called OpenARC, which serves as an extensible research framework to address those issues in the directive-based accelerator programming. This paper explains important design strategies and key compiler transformation techniques needed to implement the reference OpenACC compiler. Moreover, this paper demonstrates the efficacy of OpenARC as a research framework for directive-based programming study, by proposing and implementing OpenACC extensions in the OpenARC framework to 1) support hybrid programming of the unified memory and separate memory and 2) exploit architecture-specific features in an abstract manner. Porting thirteen standard OpenACC programs and three extended OpenACC programs to CUDA GPUs shows that OpenARC performs similarly to a commercial OpenACC compiler, while it serves as a high-level research framework.