—We address the problem of learning a data description model for a dataset whose elements or observations are itself a set of points in R D . Modeling each observation as a probability measure, we describe such dataset by computing a minimum volume set for the probability measures, as means of a minimum enclosing ball of the representer functions of the probability measures in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). The advantage is that we do not consider any particular form for the probability measures, instead, we use the embedding of such measures into a RKHS given by a positive definite kernel on probability measures. As a result, the data description model is a function that only depends on some probability measures: the support measures. We formulated three support measure data description models for such datasets: the optimization problem for the first one is a chance constrained program; the second is a direct extension of the support vector data description method to the case of probability measures; the third is the same as the second one, but defined for stationary kernels and scaling on data. We validate our method in the challenging task of group anomaly detection, with artificial and real datasets.


The Cirrus SF-50 is a single-engine, low-wing, seven-seat, very light jet aircraft that is currently in development. Like other Cirrus Aircraft, the SF-50 will be equipped with a whole aircraft-parachute recovery system: the Cirrus Aircraft Parachute System (CAPS). Since the jet is heavier and will fly faster than the existing SR-20 and SR-22 aircraft, an improved CAPS system is required. To aid development of the parachute system, a series of nine tests was conducted from Kingman, Arizona using modified SR-20 parachutes decelerating masses of between 1500 and 3600 lbs. Two tests characterized the unreefed inflation profile of the parachute, thereby providing a baseline against which to compare the effects of reefing. Five tests maintained a reefed state for a relatively long duration, to allow accurate determination of the reefed drag area ratio, and the final two tests tested the parachute and reefing system in a use-case equivalent to an aircraft recovery.


A proprietary immunofluorescent assay that quantifies the relative expression levels of all isoforms of the actin regulatory protein, protein enabled homolog (Mena or ENAH), including Mena(INV) and Mena11a. Mena(INV) expression is elevated and Mena11a expression is diminished or absent in invasive tumor cells, which may have increased metastatic potential. Therefore, this assay may be able to predict a patient's risk for tumor metastasis.


Special types of quartic surfaces were much studied objects during the 1860s. Quartics were thus very much in the air when Sophus Lie and Felix Klein first met in Berlin in 1869. As this study shows, such surfaces played a major role in their subsequent work, much of which centered on linear and quadratic line complexes. This mutual interest led them to a number of new results on the quartic surfaces of Steiner, Pl\"ucker, and Kummer, as well as various types of ruled quartics studied earlier by Cremona. This paper, which draws on unpublished archival sources as well as published work from the period 1869-1872, underscores the importance of this aspect of the early geometrical work of these two famous figures. A highlight was Lie's line-to-sphere transformation, which led to surprising new findings on properties of asymptotic curves on Kummer surfaces.


OBJECTIVES: To identify factors that were associated with cognitive impairment 3 months after stroke, and to examine the associations of cognitive impairment with stroke outcomes up to 4 years after stroke.


Equipment archives are the significant basis for manufacturing,using,managing and maintaining equipment,which play an important role in the business management,but there are many problems in the management of equipment archives in enterprises.For example,the confusion for management of equipment archives as well as the separation of management and uses for equipment archives,which could cause the hidden dangers and production accidents.Thus,the management should be strengthened from the aspects such as enhancing leadership,perfecting management system of equipment archives,clearing filing range and collecting equipment archives completely.


Abstract This perspective is written to give a rapid response to discuss the role of media in risk communication in the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze two sets of media data, China's social media and global news event, and draw a few initial observations in relation to the impacts of China's information control policy, global risk governance, and the role of WHO.


As the electrical industry becomes more competitive, the demand for more accurate cost simulation models has increased. In addition, there is increasing demand to estimate not only the expected value of cost, but also some measure of the risk associated with the cost estimate. The problem described in this paper arose because engineers in an electrical utility were asked by management to estimate the risk or uncertainty when proposing projects including fuel purchase, power transactions, generation modification and building new generation. This paper presents a method of estimating the risk by estimating the variance of the production cost. Existing chronological production cost models have included the uncertainty of generating unit availability; however they have emphasized the expected cost, rather than the variance of the cost. This paper includes the variance of load as well as the variation in unit availability, and it is shown for a sample system that the load contributes approximately five times as much cost variation as does unit outages. This probabilistic approach models unit availability using Monte Carlo sampling and simulates load variation using three load scenarios based on a stratification technique. The authors apply the proposed approach to illustrate the impact of load uncertainty and emphasize the estimation of cost variance which is induced by load variation and unit outages.


A review of research on serial murder revealed that the 10 definitions frequently cited failed to adequately represent the totality of serial murder. This article reviews the evolution of these definitions in the professional literature. A more complete definition is proposed that encompasses all types of serial murder, not only those committed by roaming males who act out of lust. By being more inclusive, this definition is broad enough to include acts of multiple destructiveness committed by men and women for both instrumental and expressive purposes.


Derivatives pricing models use either fixed or variable interest rates at the corporate level to compensate for the devaluation, which results in an estimated accounting profit caused by the cash inflation at the maturity date. These models also fail to take into account the lost opportunity costs, which are considered a deficiency. Accordingly, the present study strives to remove this problem by adding the company's Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) to pricing models; which is the novelty of this study. The research data were extracted from the Bloomberg Terminal for an eight-year period from 2008 to 2015. The statistical population of the research includes the North American and European companies recognized as the reference entities for Credit Default Swaps (CDS) in the given period, and the statistical sample consists of 125 companies. The data were analysed using four Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms, viz., ANFIS, NNARX, AdaBoost, and SVM. . The results of the research indicated the increased predictive accuracy of the pricing models under scrutiny after adding the interest coverage ratio. The findings also shed light on the superiority of the intensity model over the structural model in prognosticating the price of CDS contracts.


e24086 Background: Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) following carboplatin containing chemotherapy regimen remains a considerable problem for cancer patients (pts) despite standard antiemetic prophylaxis. This study was undertaken to prospectively evaluate the incidence of CINV in pts undergoing carboplatin-based chemotherapy receiving guidelines consistent CINV prophylaxis (GCCP). All sites did not prescribe NK1-RA as it is not included in all institutional guidelines. Methods: The study enrolled 207 pts undergoing carboplatin-based chemotherapy, the final analysis evaluated cycle 1 - 6 with a total of 183 evaluable pts from 6 countries. Pt diaries were used to collect data from day 1-10 beginning with cycle 1. Nausea was reported by the pts using a visual analog scale (VAS) with the end-point being no nausea. Vomiting episodes were recorded in the pts' diaries. Demographic, occurrence and severity of emesis, numbers of emetic episodes and time to the onset of emesis, were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 129 females and 54 males. The overall incidence of acute and delayed nausea for was 17% and 25% respectively. The incidence of nausea of entire population was significantly higher than vomiting (58% vs. 14%; Chi2 22.271 p<0.000). The use of NK1-RA was associated with a significant decrease in time to first vomiting for cycle 1 (p<0.041) and subsequent cycle 2-6 (p<0.0075). Additional results are reported in the Table. In a logistic regression model factors associated with acute nausea in cycle 1 included history of motion sickness (p< 0.0090), comorbidities (p< 0.0084), history of morning sickness (p< 0.0090), previous chemotherapy (p< 0.0096), anemia (p< 0.0209). A separate logistic regression analysis for delayed nausea in cycle 1 showed that prior radiotherapy (p<0.0093) and a history of morning sickness (p<0.0195) were also significant. During subsequent cycles (1 – 6), the incidence of nausea remained higher than vomiting and was documented in the acute and delayed phases ranging from 6% to 25%. The use of NK1-RA was associated with a lower incidence of vomiting during cycle 1-6 with 91% patient receiving NK1-RA experiencing no vomiting vs 78% of patients not receiving NK1-RA with no vomiting (log rank = 0.0287). Conclusions: Despite GCCP and the usage of NK1-RA, carboplatin induced nausea remains a major unmet medical need in cancer pts. Further research should focus on management of nausea, risk factors and the impact of nausea on quality of life and in pts undergoing carboplatin-based treatment.[Table: see text]


Cryosphere is a term representing all the frozen places on earth. They include snow and ice on land as well as in water, glaciers and permafrost. Snow and ice helps in regulating Earth's temperature as they reflect a significant amount of radiations back into space. Thus, all the components of the cryosphere have a great impact on climate; moreover it influences almost every region on the planet due to interaction between warm equatorial oceans and cold polar latitudes via transfer of heat. As the cryospheric components are generally located in very remote areas, thus the remote sensing techniques are well suited to acquire all relevant data required to study and understand the factors that govern the evolution of cryosphere. This paper aims at describing the importance of cryosphere and remote sensing applications associated with it. A review of receding glaciers as one of the application of remote sensing in cryosphere is also depicted in the paper. Keywords— Cryosphere, Remote Sensing, Receding, Glaciers, Climate Change, ASTER, Terra, Landsat.


A 55-year-old man with pancreatic cancer metastatic to the liver underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the liver deposits. The liver harboured four metastatic foci, the largest of which was located at the posterior part of the right lobe just below the diaphragm (figure 1A). Due to the difficult anatomic location, transpulmonary approach was chosen for RFA and CT guidance was needed rather than ultrasound.

Figure 1
(A) The main metastatic deposit at the posterior portion of the right liver lobe. (B,C) Bile-stained pleural fluid drained.

Under CT guidance an Accu 2i probe (Acculis Microwave Tissue Ablation System, AngioDynamics, Latham, New York, USA) was advanced into the four liver metastases. Ablation was performed at 140W at multiple sites for a total of 50 min. Small subcapsular haematoma …


BACKGROUND
Many serological tests have been used for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. A new serological method is identified as Brucella Coombs gel test based on the principle of centrifugation gel system similar to the gel system used in blood group determination. In this system, if Brucella antibodies were present in the serum, antigen and antibody would remain as a pink complex on the gel. Otherwise, the pink Brucella antigens would precipitate at the bottom of the gel card system.

OBJECTIVE
In this study, we aimed to compare the Brucella Coombs gel test, a new, rapid screen and titration method for detection of non-agglutinating IgG with the Brucella Coombs test.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
For this study, a total of 88 serum samples were obtained from 45 healthy persons and 43 individuals who had clinical signs and symptoms of brucellosis. For each specimen, Rose Bengal test, standard agglutination test, Coombs test and Brucella Coombs gel test were carried out.

RESULTS
Sensitivity and specificity of Brucella Coombs gel test were found as 100.0 and 82.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Brucella Coombs gel test can be used as a screening test with high sensitivity. By the help of pink Brucella antigen precipitation, the tests' evaluation is simple and objective. In addition, determination of Brucella antibody by rapid titration offers another important advantage.


The discussions sponsored by the Brazilian Chemical Society, over the past five years, intending to produce a chemistry agenda with perspectives and needs for the next decade for the country, have involved the national chemistry community and several related sectors of Brazilian society. Chemistry education has been the theme throughout these discussions. It is known that the low level of basic and secondary education and the recent increase in high school courses and institutions adversely affect the quality of undergraduate teaching. The recent national "Curriculum Guidelines" for Chemistry Courses, through their flexible approach, encourage the integral, interdisciplinary (non compartmentalized) and critical-reflexive training of professionals as citizens and as entrepreneurs. However, deficiencies are still recognized. The system of undergraduate course evaluation has identified the most fragile modalities of the courses and other indicators. Also, it has been verified that the Brazilian chemistry industry absorbs only minimally the highly qualified professionals, which is attributed to the fact that the Federal Council of Chemistry is vertically organized and does not recognize the graduate degrees as professional qualifications. In conclusion, the importance of the effective implantation of the national curriculum guidelines is apparent, among other aspects, highlighting courses whose didactical and pedagogical projects may offer a solid formation in Chemistry. However, at the same time the guidelines are comprehensive and general enough to enable the chemistry professionals to develop varied skills.


Background A correlation between elevation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and white matter injury or abnormal neurologic outcome has been established in the preterm infant. In the full‐term neonate, few studies exist linking elevation of cytokines with encephalopathy and poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Our aims were to investigate if serum interleukin‐6 concentrations in delivering mothers and their offspring at birth are associated with perinatal asphyxia, and to examine the relation of interleukin‐6 levels to the severity of hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy and to the neurological outcome.


At the beginning of the 20th century, the main law enforcement authority was gendarmes corps. In Russia to ensure law and order the gendarmerie was authorized to accomplish certain tasks according to its competence, such as conducting an inquiry and searching of criminals, etc. To improve its efficiency the gendarmerie needed reforms. We would like to consider the very essence of the reorganization of the gendarmerie activity and to analyze the connection of history and modernity.


There are quite a few problems among the crime of inside exchange of securities. Researches should be made on inside exchange ofsecurities of general working ways and main detecting trace according to practical situation by studying the experience of foreign experts. At-tention should be paid to several problems during the detecting, including international cases.


Abstract : Techniques for the design, construction, and evaluation of a 10-db directional coupler, a 0 to 40 db variable attenuator, a 90-degree phase shifter, and a duplexer to operate in the 300 to 1000 gc region were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Quasi-optical, oversize, trough, and Goubau-beam waveguide were studied. Quasi-optical techniques used in oversize wave guide were found to be most suitable and were used in constructing the components. These com ponents were evaluated at 0.9-mm wavelength. The experimental data showed good agreement with the design theorhus, submillimeter compo nents using quasi-optical techniques in over size waveguide can be successfully designed annd fabricated. Some components had higher inser tion loss than desired due to the dielectric dissipation effects. These losses are reduced by using a multiple-dielectric-slab coupling structure.


Relationships between soil and plant characteristics in three sesame varieties under different management practices This study had as objective to determine the relationship among bulk density (BD), soil moisture content (MC) with vegetative and reproductive characters in three sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum L.). The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of the Universidad de Oriente on an Ultisol savanna soil. Linear correlation coefficients were calculated from a split-plot design with four tillage treatments assigned to the main plot: chisel plow + rotary cultivator, chisel + harrow, rotary cultivator only, and harrow only. The subplots were constituted by a factorial arrangement of three sesame varieties: 'Glauca', 'Acarigua' and 'Blanca', and two forms of urea placement: buried or surface, for a total of 24 treatments with three replications. The percentage of plants at blooming (PPB) 40 days after sowing (DAS) was positively (+) correlated with the stem diameter (SD) and the BD 52-DAS, and negatively (-) with height of the first capsule (HFC) and plant height (PH). The SD was correlated (+) with effective length of loading and this one with HFC, PH and MC 99-DAS. HFC was correlated (+) with PH, BD 99-DAS and NC with BD and MC 52-DAS. The PH was correlated (+) with BD and MC 99-DAS and (-) with BD and MC 52DDS. Within physical soil parameters, only BD and MC 52-DAS were correlated (+). Neither management practices nor sesame varieties affect correlations between ELL and HFC, HFC and PH, and BD and MC 52-DAS. The tillage methods or the form of urea placement did not affect correlations between PPB and HFC. The correlations between PPB and SD or ELL and PH were not affected by the different sesame varieties. Additional key words: Sesamum indicum, tillage practices, urea, bulk density, soil moisture Recibido: Mayo 29, 1998 * Profesor. Dpto. de Agronomía, Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, Núcleo de Monagas, Universidad de Oriente, Maturín, Venezuela. E-mail: email@example.com


Recent structure analyses of collagen-model peptides revealed several important structural features of collagen. (1) Contrary to the Rich and Crick 10/3-helix, the 7/2-helical conformation is preferable as a structure of collagen. (2) The triple-helical structure is stabilized by a repetitive X (C=O) --- HN (Gly) hydrogen bonds. If X is not Pro or Hyp, the water-bridge, Gly (C=O) --- H2O --- HN (X), also stabilize the triple-helical structure. (3) The stabilization of collagen by Hyp can be attributed to the inductive effect of the hydroxyl moiety attached to the Cγ of Pro.


We consider the problem of nonlinear compositional convection in a horizontal porous layer with impermeable boundaries. Using perturbation analyses and numerical calculations, we determine the stable convective flow under certain range of the parameter values where such analyses are valid. We find, in particular, that depending on the range of values of the parameters, the effect of impermeable boundaries lead to stability of convection in the form of either subcritical up-hexagons or supercritical


Unlike housing development project that can ensure profit by selling built units, a hotel development depends on long-term business operation to be profitable due to characteristics of service industry. The expected cash flow has substantial uncertainty depending on room occupancy rate and room charge. Thus, even after construction is complete, business risk tends to rise. It is necessary to ensure strategic response to uncertainty in future value of a hotel. The objective of the study is to explore strategic type of real options. The case in analysis had sevenyears of project period: Two years for construction, and five years for operation; a plan was made to sell the hotel after five years' of operation. For the research purpose, option value ofrecoverable investment amount was estimated, and value of abandonment option was KRW 124.921 billion. When abandonment option is applied, the project value was deemed to be KRW 120.592 billion. Generally, the amount of loss is enormous when a real estate project like a hotel development fails, and therefore, application of option is expected to be an effective measure to leverage uncertainty of a project.


Mechanical mosquito population control can use Trapping. Trapping is a mosquito trap as an effort to reduce the mosquito population in an effort to reduce the mosquito population that causes dengue by using attractant media. An attractant is something that has an attraction to insects (mosquitoes) both chemically and physically. Chemical attractants can be in the form of ammonia, CO2, lactic acid and actenol compounds. These substances or compounds are made from organic materials or are the result of metabolic processes of living things which have been shown to affect the olfactory nerves of the Aedes aegypti mosquito.Modification of the trapping form and the use of attractant types with the right concentration ratio are needed to produce an Aedes aegypti mosquito vector trap that can work optimally, is easy to do and can be applied in the field. The results of previous studies suggest using dry media to make it easier to apply and be applied directly in the field. Through the One House One Jumantik Movement, the target participants of this community service activity are PKK cadres and larvae monitors at the RT level to mobilize housewives in monitoring the presence of larvae at home. The knowledge of the target audience was assessed through pre and post tests which were distributed during the event. In accordance with the results of the pre and post test recapitulation, it is known that the target already has sufficient knowledge so that the increase in the percentage of knowledge after explaining the material increases by 5 percent. The enthusiasm of the target in the practice of making larvitrap can explain that the curiosity and intention of the target in an effort to suppress dengue cases is high. In addition to making larvitrap, the target was also given information about the identification and bionomic vector of DHF through a microscope. Through a microscope, the target will know the true description of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae that are different from other types of mosquito larvae.


This article is focused on thermal oxidative degradation and biodegradation in soil of biocomposites based on ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC), filled by wood flour (from 30 to 70% wt.), in dependence to the filler content. The study of oxidative degradation of composites was carried out at two temperatures (80 and 130°C respectively). The induction period and the rates of oxidation were determined. It was concluded that as filler content raises, the induction period increases. It can be explained by the higher specific area of composites in comparison with pure EOC. However, high filled composites (60 and 70 % of the filler) are oxidized with a huge induction period because polyphenols in the filler inhibit the oxidation process. Biodegradation test under laboratory conditions was carried out to investigate the biodegradability of the material. Composites with lower filler content have lower weight loss rate. Small particles are capsulated by polymer and are isolated from moisture and microorganisms. On the other hand, at a high filling of the composite small particles stick together and act as large ones. Such filler agglomerates are connected with each other and allow microorganisms to penetrate into the composite. It was concluded as filler content raises the mass loss increases.


Recently, smart system integration was identified as a key competence for optimizing machines and robots. However, when one wants to 'tune' the entire production process a step further is necessary. We should evaluate performance indicators (e.g. energy and material consumption) over the whole machine life cycle in order to align the production with circular economy principles. To reach that target MBSE (model-based system engineering) should be covered by advanced digital twin approaches which allow continuous monitoring of machine performance, predict the failures and maintenance. Moreover, artificial intelligence and machine learning must be used to process big data sets gathered from the production lines. This paper identifies a common set of technologies and building blocks suitable to solve above mentioned problems for a large variety of industrial domains (semiconductor production, health-care robotics, CNC1 machining, high-speed packaging and others). It presents the first results of the large-scale IMOCO4.E2 project and shows the pathways for application of the technology on specific machines (so-called pilots). The authors believe the ideas presented could be inspiring also in other domains.


The ANTARES deep-sea neutrino telescope is described and the possibilities of observing neutrinos from the annihilation of neutralinos at the centre of the Earth is explored. Initial results indicate that a 15-string detector can provide an unam-biguous signal for neutralino annihiliation within a few years of operation. 1 The ANTARES Project The ANTARES collaboration of institutes is currently embarked upon a research and design programme to develop and constuct a large-scale neutrino telescope at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea 1. The telescope is designed to detect upward-going neutrinos through their charged-current interaction with nuclear matter which results in a high-energy muon and a hadronic remnant. The muons are subsequently observed via detection of the Cerenkov light liberated during the muon's passage through sea water. The basic design of the detector thus comprises a large-area array of interconnected optical sensors, in this case photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), arranged in a three-dimensional matrix. 1.1 Detector Connguration The design strategy requires straightforward deployment and retrieval of essentially identical autonomous detector elements. These elements or \strings" consist of a mooring line, typically 400m in length, held taut at the top and bottom via a buoyancy module and sacriicial anchor respectively. At a number of levels or \\oors" on each string clusters of two or more PMTs are situated. The overall detector strategy and detection principle is illustrated in gure 1. The detector response lies in the wavelength range 350nm to 550nm and peaks close to 450 nm.


I suppose I have always had an eye for the unconventional. Indeed, I know that some have characterized me as a "rebel" in as much as I'm always wasting too much time trying to avoid doing things the same way that everyone else does. But for some reason I have always enjoyed exploring the back routes, the less well-trodden paths that may, or (as usually it turns out) may not, lead to a better solution to a given problem than the boring old conventional approaches. I think also, sometimes, this is coupled to another well-known conundrum, which has been characterized as the "solution without a problem" syndrome. One is aware of this gizmo, this gadget or technique, that in itself appears clever, or elegant, but never seems to get used. One somehow gets besotted and spends the rest of your life trying to find a use for it, and/or wasting energy trying to get others to see it through the same rose-tinted spectacles through which you have always viewed it.


In autumn 1994, 3 month old Californian thistle plants grown from seed were transplanted at regular spacings into a ryegrass/white clover sward. Seven treatments including three topping treatments, the herbicides clopyralid and MCPB, and a mycoherbicide Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, were applied to thistle foliage the following summer. Treatment effects on root mass and bud production were measured in December 1995. Clopyralid and S. sclerotiorum reduced dry root weight relative to control 95% and 60% respectively and also reduced the number of root buds and shoots. MCPB had little effect on root weight but reduced root bud numbers by 60%. Thistles topped twice also showed reductions in root weight and shoot numbers.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the most conservative Tsai–Wu failure envelopes are obtained for laminated composite considering material as well as ply angle uncertainty. The uncertainty analysis is performed using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The obtained failure envelopes are then used as the constraint functions to perform the minimum weight design optimization problem using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Results show increase in weight of the laminate from the deterministic results and it varies from 4% to 50% depending upon the stacking sequence and loading condition. Substantial effects of uncertainty on the failure envelope and optimal design are quantified.


pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating consequence of several distinct clinical and pathological pulmonary syndromes including the acute respiratory distress syndrome, connective tissue diseases, drug reactions, environmental and occupational exposures, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ([14][1]). Much


This study examines the role of online communities in connecting and supporting librarian researchers, through the analysis of member activities in the online community for academic librarians that attended the 2014 Institute for Research Design in Librarianship (IRDL). The 2014 IRDL cohort members participated in the online community via Twitter and a Facebook group page. A content analysis of their posts and an online survey among them identified different patterns of engagement and four primary types of content—posts related to completing the IRDL research project required for each cohort member, announcements about research-related resources and opportunities, posts reminiscing about the IRDL experience, and arrangements of conference attendance and meetups. Implications for successfully designing online communities for librarian researchers are discussed.


The depletion of fossil fuels is an increasing problem, which drives the search for an alternative, sustainable and cost-effective methods. Due to advancements in genetic engineering, genetically modified microbes (e.g. Escherichia coli) receive more attention as potential "fuel factories". The "hot topic", in the field, is an alteration of the fatty acid metabolism. In 2013 the production of short-chain alkanes (in other words petrol) by genetically modified E. coli was reported. Up to date, the only genetic modification was utilized as a tool for microbial metabolism manipulation.
This project aims to build a library of potential chemical acyl-CoA dehydrogenase inhibitors and establish their potency. Pantothenic acid was used as a scaffold for total synthesis of inhibitors such as 2-pentynoyl-S-pantetheine. Unlike previous studies where protection group chemistry and hydroxybenzotriazole, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide mediated amide coupling. A simple four-step synthesis was achieved with 1`,1`-carbonyldiimidazole as a coupling agent. The utilisation of this approach decreased the number of steps which resulted in higher yields, as well as reduced overall cost and toxicity of by-products. These factors are important if the proposed technique was to be used for industrial applications. During this study synthesis and purification of 28 S-acyl pantetheines was achieved.
The potency of the inhibitors was tested on overexpressed and purified FadE. E. coli protein was overexpressed in E. coli BL21 strain and purified by Styrene Maleic Acid-Lipid Particles technique and affinity chromatography. Protein activity was assessed with ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate assay. Synthesised pantetheines exhibit different levels of activity. 2-Pentynoyl-S-pantetheine proved to be the most potent compound with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.04 mM.
The fatty acid metabolism regulator protein (FadR) is responsible for the regulation of fatty acid metabolism, to lift this regulation knockout with the λ-red technique was achieved. Two plasmids carrying genes for fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase, fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acyl-CoA reductase and fatty aldehyde decarbonylase were also developed.


In this paper I show the importance of computer visualization in researching of many‐particle quantum dynamics. Such a visualization becomes an indispensable illustrative tool for understanding the behavior of dynamic swarm‐based quantum systems. It is also an important component of the corresponding simulation framework, and can simplify the studies of underlying algorithms for multi‐particle quantum systems.


This thesis aims to determine how the impact on theapplication of the e-court application on advocates in theprocess of solving cases in the Selong district court, as well asto fine out what are the obstacles to the application of the ecourt application. The benefits of this research are expected toprovide knowledge about e-court and the steps in –ecourtoperation with the principle of simple, fast and low cost.Theresearch method used is empirical normative legal researchmethods. The results of this study indicate that the stipulationof perma no.3 of 2018 jo perma no 1 of 2019 concerning theadministration of cases and trials in court electronically showsquite good results and can be applied by all lawyers.


Abstract:Chéri Samba has been one of the most recognizable names in contemporary African art for more than three decades. Iconic of the popular painting style from Kinshasa, his images are evocative of daily life in the then Zaire and the Democratic Republic of Congo. His oeuvre expresses popular sentiment (often with a sense of wit and humor) and is a reflection on politics, power relations, illicit and taboo sexual relations, art, his fame, and the subject of Samba himself. With an amazing memory for detail, candid and to the point, in this interview Samba talks about what makes his paintings unique, the insertion of text in the local Congolese languages, or making up to three copies of a painting. The artist opens up on the relations between art and politics back home, his love for color, and why he uses himself as a model in his paintings. We also hear his views on contemporary art in general and on the perception of Congolese popular painting in the West. It was his first encounter with curator Andre Magnin in 1987 and his participation in the Magiciens de la Terre exhibition at the Centre Georges-Pompidou in Paris in 1989 that changed Samba's fortune forever. He has since become a global phenomenon, much sought after by collectors and art enthusiasts alike and is featured in many respectable collections of contemporary African art from Cape Town to Paris to New York.


Objective To discuss the predictive value of joint detection with P-sel, Tp P, D-D for portal vein thrombosis in patients with portal hypertension surgery. Methods We selected 68 patients who had portal hypertension surgery in our hospital(time limited from August 2010 to September 2013) as research subjects, and tested the content of P-sel, Tp P and D-D respectively before and after surgery. The subjects we divided into Group Normal and Group Thrombus according to their occurrence of postoperative thrombosis, then the test results were analyzed.Results After the surgery, there were 37 cases of patients with thrombus(Group Thrombus) and other 31 cases of patients without thrombus(Group Normal). The concentrations of P-sel, Tp P and D-D in Group Thrombus increased obviously at the 1stpostoperative day, then gradually reduced after 7thpostoperative day. While there were nearly no change in that of the Group Normal. The difference was statistically significant(P0.05). The highest specificity to predict postoperative portal vein thrombosis in the detection of three indicators at the 1stpostoperative day was P-sel,followed by D-D and Tp P. The characteristics of the sensitivity showed Tp PP-sel D-D. And the misdiagnosis rate of P-sel was the lowest, with only 8.8%. Conclusion The postoperative P-sel, Tp P and D-D concentration in patients with portal vein thrombosis surgery increases significantly at the 1stpostoperative day. And postoperative P-sel, Tp P,D-D joint detection plays an auxiliary role in predicting the formation of portal vein thrombosis.


During the control proceedings, which are carried out by various control institutions in the executive branch, it is essential to preserve the personal data of the inspected individuals and legal entities. The main scope of this report is to present a significant part of the problems that arise in complex control proceedings involving several control institutions. These complex control procedures often require the transfer of information from one control institution to another control institution, which accordingly raises problems regarding the storage and protection of personal data of the inspected objects.


Aerodynamic analysis of NACA wings moving with a constant speed over guideways are performed using an indirect boundary element method (potential-based panel method). An integral equation is obtained by applying Green's theorem on all surfaces of the fluid domain. The surfaces over the wing and the guideways are discretized as rectangular panel elements. Constant strength singularities are distributed over the panel elements. The viscous shear layer behind the wing is represented by constant strength dipoles. The unknown strengths of potentials are determined by inverting the aerodynamic influence coefficient matrices constructed by using the no penetration conditions on the surfaces and the Kutta condition at the trailing edge of the wing. The aerodynamic characteristics for the wings flying over nonplanar ground surfaces are investigated for several ground heights.


Abstrak: This research aims to identify the roles of social value orientation on religious prejudice in Front Pembela Islam (FPI) towards others religious community. The sample was several members of Front Pembela Islam (FPI) in East Java involving 113 people and it was collected by accidental sampling technique. Measure instrument used was Social Value Orientation scale adopted from Akhrani (2016) with the theory of Eek and Garling (2008), for Religious Prejudice scale was designed by Ahmadi (1991) theory. Reliability of Social Value Orientation was 0.81 and Religious Prejudice was 0.94. The data was analyzed using dummy variable in regression technique. The results of analysis show that social value orientation does not affect the religious prejudice so that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) in this study is rejected. It can be seen from coefficient of p value 0.83 (p>0.05). In addition, coefficient value between variables obtained can be categorized as low (-0.02).


Korean abstract = 1
English abstract = 3
List of Figures = 4
List of table = 8
I. Introduction = 9
II. Materials and Methods = 12
 1. Cell culture = 12
 2. Determination of doubling time = 13
 3. Flow cytometry = 14
 4. Differentiation protocols = 15
 5.


Circuitry for generating control signals for controlling the switching of high-beam in automobile headlights as a function of the illumination in the surroundings of the motor vehicle, wherein the circuit arrangement has at least one sensor (1) comprising one or more photocells, photodiodes or phototransistors (11), wherein the circuit arrangement having at least one for generating control signals (C) in dependence on at least one of the sensors signals generated (a) suitable and equipped microprocessor control (3).


During the operation of poultry farms a large amount of poultry manure is accumulated. Surface wastewater from landfills for storing poultry manure can become the main source of pollution of natural waters. Thus, one of the most important problems of environmental protection is the development of effective systems for protecting aquatic ecosystems from pollution by waste water generated at landfills for storing poultry manure. The purpose of research was the analysis of water protection systems for treatment of surface wastewater from the territory of poultry farms. The authors of the article consider the problem of protection of water bodies from contamination by surface wastewater from the catchment area of poultry farms. The example of surface wastewater from the catchment area of the poultry farm "Sverdlovskaya" has shown the negative impact on water ecosystems. Our own studies of snow contamination from the catchment area of the poultry farm have shown a high content of not only organic and biogenic substances, but also heavy metals. A biotechnology of wastewater treatment using natural ion-exchange materials, followed by bioregeneration of the latter by higher aquatic vegetation, has been developed. The use of an accumulative phytofilter is an effective method of protecting water ecosystems from contamination by surface wastewater from catchment areas of poultry farms, and the design ensures not only the environmental friendliness of the technology, but also naturally fits into the landscape of the area.


Title : Dietary manipulation of fat on mitochondrial decay and its implications on ageing and apoptosis Name : CORBON GODFREY DAVID, I. Degree for which submitted : Ph.D., (Veterinary Physiology) Chairman : Dr. V. LEELA, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Veterinary Physiology Madras Veterinary College Chennai – 600 007 University : Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chennai – 600 051


Roads that have been functioned are in good condition, slightly damaged, moderately damaged, and heavily damaged, therefore road maintenance is needed. Road maintenance uses costs, and the available costs are often insufficient to carry out road repairs as a whole, so it is necessary to determine the priority scale of road repairs. The Surface Distress Index (SDI) method is a method used by the DGH to determine the level of road damage, furthermore as a basis for determining the priority scale for road repairs. Along 2.25 km of Jalan Merdeka 1, Sukabumi City, it is the sampling location for the study to determine the condition of road damage. Each investigation point is determined to be 200 m long, starting from the initial STA 0 + 000 - 0 + 200 to the last STA 2 + 200 - 2 + 250. The results showed that the road conditions consisted of moderately damaged, lightly damaged to heavily damaged, so it needed maintenance at STA 0 + 000 - 0 + 400, it needed rehabilitation at STA 0 + 400 - 1 + 800 and STA 2 + 200 - 2 + 250 , as well as need reconstruction at STA 1 + 800 - STA 2 + 200. The results of this study can be used as a basis for determining road handling by policymakers.


BACKGROUND
Experience with chemotherapeutic agents in the management of advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is limited and controversial. However, since MTC is a neuroendocrine neoplasm, we considered the possibility that cytotoxic drugs previously used in the treatment of these tumours could also have activity in MTC.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Five patients (4 females and 1 male, aged 22-71 years) with locally advanced or metastatic MTC received 5 day intravenous courses of dacarbazine (DTIC) (250 mg/sqm) and 12 hour infusion 5-fluorouracil (450 mg/sqm), given every 4 weeks. Six cycles were administered to 4 patients and four to 1 patient.

RESULTS
Three partial responses lasting 9, 10+ and 8+ months were observed; one patient had stable disease and one progressive disease. Toxicity was acceptable with grade I thrombocytopenia and grade II leukopenia occurring in one patient, and grade II nausea and vomiting in four patients.

CONCLUSIONS
In our experience, treatment of advanced thyroid carcinoma with DTIC and 5-FU appeared to have significant activity and was well tolerated.


The application of the Japanese transitive verbs and intransitive verbs is not only studied in the scope of grammar but also profoundly affected by the Japanese social and cultural psychology.This dissertation analyzes the Japanese transitive and intransitive verbs from the perspective of pragmatic function and divides the pragmatic function of them preliminarily as sympathizing function,apologizing function and treatment expression.The article also discusses the influence of the Japanese cultural psychology towards the usage of the transitive and intransitive verbs.


Settler colonial violence targets Indigenous women in specific ways. While urban planning has attended to issues of women's safety, the physical dimensions of safety tend to be emphasized over the social and political causes of women's vulnerability to violence. In this paper, we trace the relationship between settler colonialism and violence against Indigenous women. Drawing on examples from community activism and organizing, we consider how Indigenous feminism might be applied to planning and point toward approaches to planning that do not replicate settler colonial violence.


It is a great pleasure for me to introduce the discussion on the EU regulatory and supervisory framework at this year's EUROFI conference. The issue is particularly topical at the present juncture for two reasons. First, a wide range of EU institutions and fora are contributing to the first full review of the functioning of the Lamfalussy approach across financial sectors in view of a discussion on the matter by the ECOFIN Council. Second, the recent financial market turbulence has underscored, among other things, the importance of effective cross-border cooperation and information-sharing among the competent authorities. The Eurosystem which has strongly supported the Lamfalussy approach from its inception and has actively contributed to its development during the past years also intends to contribute to the review process. It will publish its formal assessment – focusing on the banking sector – within the coming days and therefore I would like to take today the opportunity to share with you a number of issues which I judge important.


The effect of Fe (II) and Mg (II) as matrix ions in the determination of Pb (II) based on 1,10-phenanthroline complexing agent at pH 7 had been investigated. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Fe (II) and Mg (II) on the determination of Pb (II) using the complexing agent 1,10-phenanthroline. The absorbance determination using a spectrophotometer was conducted at a wavelength of 302.5 nm for Pb (II)-1,10-Phenanthroline. Linear correlation between the investigated absorbance on Pb concentration was represented by a linear equation of y = 0.0131 x + 0.8693 (R2= 0.9613). From the linear equation, it was obtained the increase in sensitivity and linearity for Mg (II), as well as the decrease in sensitivity and linearity for Fe (II). It revealed that Fe (II) and Mg (II) affects the analysis of Pb (II) using 1,10-phenanthroline complexing agent. In order to achieve stability of Pb (II)-1,10-Phenanthroline, it was compared with Mg (II)-1,10-Phenanthroline and Fe (II)-1,10-Phenanthroline. It suggested that Pb (II), Mg (II) and Fe (II) had an equivalent binding strength against 1,10-Phenanthroline.


: The paper attempts to identify indicators to write the research reports in the light of the APA Style, and to shape a proposed model for Research Reports structure. The paper reviews information to be included in Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) Information Recommended for Inclusion in Manuscripts That Report New Data Collections Regardless of Research Design, Meta-Analysis Reporting Standards (MARS) Information Recommended for Inclusion in Manuscripts Reporting Meta-Analyses, and Flow of Participants Through Each Stage of an Experiment or Quasi-Experiment. The results of the survey and analysis proposed a model for Research Reports structure as: title, summary, report body (introduction, methods, results, discussion), bibliography, and annexes if any.


Lectures of de Mme Berangere Redon, under the patronage of M. Nicoas GRIMAL : "Forts et mines d'or du desert Oriental : recherches recentes dans le district de Samut". Abstract Founded in 1994, the French Archaeological Mission of the Eastern Desert (Egypt) explored for twenty years the Roman forts guarding the roads linking the Nile to the Red Sea. In 2013, the mission undertook the study of the remains of the Eastern desert dating back to the Ptolemaic period (331-30 BC), beginning its (...)


The decline in literacy skills and the character of students love of learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic at SD Kanisius Sorowajan Yogyakarta was the background for this community service activity. This activity aimed to improve reading and writing literacy as well as improve the character of students' enjoyment of learning by using the Montessori approach. The method used was Participatory Rural Appraisal involving teachers and grade 1 students. The results showed 1) there was an increase in literacy achievement in the ability to write cursive letters, cohesiveness of each letter, accuracy, completeness, and proportionality of each letter, layout accuracy, and completeness in copying and read stories. 2) There was an increase in the character of love of learning from pretest to posttest significantly by 44.162% with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) which was included in the large effect category r = 0.9636 with an effectiveness level of 60.84%.


We have derived an integral equation using the dyadic Green's function on the assumption that there exists a random medium screen of which the dielectric constant is fluctuating randomly. On the integral equation, the depolarized EM wave has been analyzed by using a perturbation method, and we have shown the representation of the first order perturbation of the depolarized EM wave.


MATERIAL AND METHODS Of the patients with knee arthritis who were eligible for joint replacement, 23 were randomly selected and included in this study. There were 11 men and 12 women, with 11 right and 12 left knee joints. On the basis of pre-operative CT scans, PSI custom-made pin guides, which conformed to the individual patient's anatomy, were produced and then used in the THA surgery involving a NexGen (CR) system. All patients were examined before surgery and at 1 year after THA. The evaluation at a follow-up visit included standing full-length radiographs (antero-posterior and lateral), Knee Score results, range of motion (ROM), patient's satisfaction report, and post-operative complications. The X-ray views were examined for mechanical leg axis alignment, TKA alignment in antero-posterior and lateral projection and signs of potential loosening.


Children in two age groups, middle childhood and adolescence, were asked to describe how they felt when their parents separated. Although most children reported negative feelings, others reported neutral or positive feelings. Mothers' reports of their children's reactions also revealed a good deal of diversity. When asked to describe how they felt at the time of the interview, most children claimed to have accepted the situation. However, a small group of children, mainly of primary school age, reported continuing distress.


Virtual reality (VR) is defined as an approach to user-computer interface that involves real-time simulation of an environment, scenario, or activity that allows for user interaction via multiple sensory channels. In recent years, virtual reality has grown immensely with rapid advancement of VR tech...


Introduction: prune-belly anomaly (PBA) is rare in fetuses with trisomy 18 (T18). Case presentation: we report a 31-week-old male newborn with intrauterine growth restriction, polyhydramnios, megabladder, and posterior urethral valves. In the physical examination, the APB and the phenotype compatible with Edwards syndrome were identified. The patient died hours after birth, but the diagnosis could be confirmed by means of a peripheral blood karyotype: 47,XY,t(5;20)(q22;p11.2),t(8;18)(q22;q11.2),+18. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH): arr(18) x3, indicated a double reciprocal translocation, apparently balanced. Conclusions: patients with T18 have multiple congenital malformations, but their association with APB is somewhat atypical.


This paper shows the in situ synthesis of an hexyl acrylate monolith in PDMS microfluidic devices and its subsequent use as stationary phase for electrochromatography on chip. To overcome the ability of PDMS material to absorb organic monomers, surface modification of the enclosed channels was realized by UV‐mediated graft polymerization. This grafting procedure is based on the preliminary adsorption of a photoinitiator onto the PDMS surface and polymerization of charged monomers. Next, hexyl acrylate monoliths were cast in situ using photopolymerization process. The chromatographic behavior of the monolithic column was confirmed by the successful separation of derivatized catecholamines in the PDMS device using a 30 mm effective separation length (100 μm×100 μm section). Efficiencies reached up to 200 000 plates per meter.


The aim of thie research is to determine the quality of groundwater in Palmerah District, West Jakarta (6°11'24.32"S 106°47'49.88"E) by correlation between the depth of the well and the distance of septic tank with the distribution of Escherichia coli. The presence of E. coli is measured by using the Most Probable Number method. The distribution pattern of the E. coli was processed by Surfer Program. Research was conducted in April upto July 2017. The highest amount of E. coli always found in the Jati Pulo and Palmerah sub-district which is >1100 MPN/100 ml; while the lowest amount of E. coli found in the Kemanggisan sub-district and Slipi sub-district which is <3.0 MPN/100 ml; with every samples is obtained on the condition of pH 5 – 7, DO 0.81 – 7.65, and water temperature of 26 – 34°C. Refering to the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010 on the requirements of drinking water quality; it is shown that the groundwater in Palmerah District is not feasible to be directly consumed. This research provides the initial information to local sanitation to the distribution pattern of E. coli within the dense residential area.


During the Agrarian Revolutionary War,the Communist Party of China set up national united front of resistence against Japan,proposed the opinion of "democratic republic ".In Anti-Japanese War period,the Communist Party of China turned the opinion of "democratic republic " into a opinion of " Three People's Principles republic " and opinion of " new democracy republic " successively.The paper makes an analysis of this transition.


Although there have been numerous studies examining the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, they have not yet been systematically integrated and synthesized through a systematic quantitative review process. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine: (a) the prevalence of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities; (b) the sources of heterogeneity in studies reporting the prevalence of overweight/obesity in this population; and (c) the risk of overweight/obesity in this population compared with their typically developing peers. A systematic literature search was performed and 16 studies, published between 1985 and 2015, met the inclusion criteria. The resulting pooled prevalence estimates for overweight, overweight-obesity, and obesity were respectively (a) 15%, 30%, and 13% in children; and (b) 18%, 33%, and 15% in adolescents. Subgroup analyses showed significant variations in the pooled prevalence estimates as a function of geographic region, recruitment setting, additional diagnoses, and norms used to define overweight or obesity. The findings also showed adolescents with intellectual disabilities to be respectively 1.54 and 1.80 times more at risk of overweightobesity and obesity than typically developing adolescents. Unfortunately, no such comparison is available for children. Abbreviations used in the text: B-M: Begg and Mazumdar; DD: developmental disabilities; ID: intellectual disabilities; IOTF: International Obesity Task Force; PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses; STROBE: STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology statement; TD: typically developing; USA: United States of America. Overweight, Obesity and Intellectual Disabilities 2 Introduction Over the past three decades, a considerable amount of research regarding the prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth presenting various disabilities or special needs has been conducted and synthesized (1-6). However, the prevalence of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID; i.e., characterized by a deficit in intellectual functioning accompanied by a deficit in adaptive functioning and an onset during the developmental period) (7) has not been so closely examined. The first narrative review on this topic, published in 2011 (8), reported a prevalence of overweight excluding obesity ranging from 11% to 25%, and a prevalence of obesity from 7% to 36% in children and adolescents with ID. Since then, five additional reviews have summarized the research examining the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity among children and/or adolescents with ID (10) or developmental disabilities (DD). The DD categorisation is broader than ID and encompasses Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, and ID (9,11-13). However, only a limited number of studies focusing specifically on children and/or adolescents with ID were included in these previous reviews. Moreover, these reviews suffer from important limitations. First, five of these reviews (811,13) were non-systematic, and the sole systematic review (12) was restricted to the relationship between parental/parenting factors and obesity among children and/or adolescents with DD. Therefore, numerous studies on children and/or adolescents with ID could have been missed. Second, only two reviews have included studies comparing the prevalence of overweight or obesity among children and/or adolescents with ID and their typically developing (TD) peers (8,11). Furthermore, both of these reviews included very few such comparative studies, and most of them overlapped between the two reviews. Finally, no reviews have yet quantitatively examined whether the heterogeneity observed in the overweight/obesity prevalence of children and/or adolescents with ID could be attributed to the participants' characteristics (e.g., age, sex, ID severity, genetic syndromes, geographic region, or recruitment setting) or to the assessment methods (e.g., norms used to define overweight and obesity, measurement of height and weight). Consequently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with an ID remains an underexplored area and there still remain gaps and inconsistencies in the knowledge. Still unknown is: (a) the extent to which children and adolescents with ID are at high risk for overweight, overweight-obesity or obesity; (b) whether the observed prevalence estimates reported in the literature varied when different sources of heterogeneity were considered; and (c) whether children and adolescents with ID are at greater risk for overweight, overweight-obesity or obesity than their TD peers. In this context, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence rates of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents with ID appears to be of significant importance. Indeed, a better estimation of this critical public health problem in children and adolescents with ID would encourage scholars, practitioners and policy makers to further develop lifestyle intervention programs (i.e., healthy diet, physical activity, health promotion-education and behavioral modification) designed for tackling or managing weight problems in this population. Therefore, following the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement (14), the aims of the current review were to determine, among children and adolescents with ID: (a) the prevalence of overweight, overweight-obesity, and obesity; (b) the sources of heterogeneity in studies reporting the prevalence of overweight, overweight-obesity and obesity; and (c) the risk of overweight, overweight-obesity and obesity, compared with their TD peers. Overweight, Obesity and Intellectual Disabilities 3 Method Sources of Information and Search Strategy A systematic electronic search was conducted in nine databases without imposing any year restriction [Academic Search Complete (1887–2015), Medline (1946–2015), PsycARTICLES (1904–2015), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (1965–2015), Scopus (1996– 2015), CINAHL (1981–2015), Education Sources (1900–2015), ERIC (1966–2015) and SocINDEX (1908–2015)]. Studies were identified using all possible combinations of the following three groups of search terms: (a) intellectual* disab* OR learning disab* OR learning difficult* OR mental* retard* OR developmental dis* OR developmental del* OR cogniti* dis* OR mental dis*; AND (b) obes* OR overweight* OR fat* OR weight* OR body mass index OR nutritional status OR adiposit*; AND (c) child* OR adolescen*OR student*OR youth* OR paediatric* OR pediatric*. In addition, a hand search was carried out in reference lists of relevant articles and previous literature reviews on children and adolescents with disabilities (1-6), with ID (8,10), or with DD (11-13). Finally, an additional search was also performed in content pages of specific peer-reviewed journals devoted to ID or DD (e.g., American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Research in Developmental Disabilities). This literature was last updated by hand-search on 5 December 2015. Inclusion Criteria Only studies meeting four specific inclusion criteria were considered eligible for this review. First, study participants had to present an ID. Studies based on mixed samples of participants presenting multiple disabilities were also considered eligible if specific data regarding the prevalence of overweight, overweight-obesity, or obesity were available for children and/or adolescents with ID. Second, study participants had to be composed of children (age range ≥ 4 – 11 years) and/or adolescents (age range ≥11 – 18 years). Studies including mixed samples of children and adolescents were considered eligible if specific data on the relevant outcomes were available for children and/or adolescents subgroups separately. Studies or samples in a study were not included when the age range of the participants overlapped multiple age categories: infants and children (e.g., 2-10 years), children and adolescents (e.g., 7-12 years, 10-13 years), adolescents and adults (e.g., 12-19 years, 17-20 years), etc. Third, studies were retained if the prevalence estimates of overweight, overweight-obesity, or obesity were the primary outcome of the study and if they were assessed by means of height/weight measurement indicators, such as the body mass-index (BMI; Cole, 15) and the weight-for-length index (WLI; DuRant and Linder, 16). Here, children/adolescents with ID are categorized as overweight (excluding obesity) when their value of BMI or WLI is > cut-offs values for normal weight and < cut-offs values for obesity. Additionally, children/adolescents with ID are categorized as obese when their value of BMI or WLI is ≥ cut-offs values for obesity. Finally, children/adolescents with ID are categorized as overweight-obese (a combined category including overweight and obesity) when their value of BMI or WLI is ≥ the cut-offs values for overweight. This last combined category was considered to permit the consideration of studies in which no distinction was made between overweight and obesity. The indicators based on height and weight measurement were preferred to other measures of adiposity (e.g., skinfold thickness, waist circumference, bioelectrical impedance analysis) for two reasons. First, previous reviews (8-13) showed that they were the most largely used in overweight/obesity prevalence studies among children and adolescents with ID. Second, a recent Overweight, Obesity and Intellectual Disabilities 4 scoping review


Tropical montane forests in the Andes are subjected to deforestation and subsequent transformation into pastures. Abandoned pastures are frequently reforested by planting monoculture timber plantations, resulting in reduced aboveground diversity and changes in soil characteristics compared to primary forests. In this study, we evaluated differences in soil properties (litter layer thickness, pH, water content, and C‐to‐N ratio) between degraded primary montane forest and monoculture pine (Pinus patula) and alder (Alnus acuminata) plantations and their effects on density, diversity, and community structure of litter and soil‐living mesofauna, with focus on oribatid mites (Acariformes). The study was performed in a montane region in the southern Ecuadorian Andes (2,000–2,600 m a.s.l.). C‐to‐N ratios in the litter and upper 5 cm soil layer were higher in pine plantations, while other soil characteristics were similar between vegetation types. Surprisingly, microbial biomass and density of soil mesofauna in the litter layer did not differ between vegetation types, while density and species richness of oribatid mites were higher in pine plantations. Community structure of oribatid mites differed between vegetation types with only a few species overlapping. The results indicate that quality and diversity of litter were not the major factors regulating the mesofauna community. Instead, soil animals benefited from increased habitat structure in thicker litter layers and potentially increased availability of root‐derived resources. Overall, the results suggest that from a soil animal perspective, monoculture plantations are less detrimental than commonly assumed and enrichment of abandoned plantations with native tree species may help to restore tropical montane forests.


A method of real time stress analysis by a scanning infrared camera has been developed. The stress concentrations have been measured for the notched and cracked specimens made of aluminium alloy and mild steel. A macroscopic pattern of the stress distribution can be visualized momentarily according to the variation of the applied load. Data of the stress distribution can be stored in a video tape recorder, and accuracy has been improved by smoothing these data. Results are in good agreement with those by the finite element analysis. By means of this system, fatigue crack propagation can be monitored and the hysteresis energy in the cyclic plastic zone at the crack tip can be measured as well.


The experiment was carried out at a greenhouse of Plant Science Department of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (UFERSA), Mossoro-RN, with the objective of determing the best treatment with scarlet starglory to with soil on rocket performance cv. Cultivated. A completely randomized desing with six treatments and four replications. The treatments consist of: T1 (scarlet starglory in coverage 35 days) T2 (scarlet starglory in coverage 28 days); T3 (scarlet starglory in coverage 21 days); T4 (scarlet starglory in coverage 14 days); T5 (scarlet starglory in coverage 7 days); T6 Control (no fertilized soil). The evaluated traits were: plant height, number of leaves per pot, dry mass and yield of grains. The different times of jitirana significantly in coverage plant height, number of leaves per pot, dry mass and yield. The time of 35 days was what provided the greatest increases in plant height, leaf number, yield of green mass and dry.


Polymer modification of mesoporous materials is a relevant topic for applications from sensing and separation to drug delivery. Especially the combination of structure and responsive, charged polymer functionalization opens new possibilities, such as gating of drug release. Thereby, zwitterionic polymers are interesting, because of their antifouling characteristics and their influence on ionic permselectivity. The control on polymerization in confinement of a mesopore including spatial polymer location is crucial for the resulting mesopore function such as ionic permselectivity. The amount of generated polymer and polymerization kinetics should be influenced by the confinement of mesopores: Diffusion is limited by the pore size, pore connectivity, and wall charge. These parameters influence termination, which depends on radical concentration and proximity. Concerning the total surface area, the size of the internal surface area of mesoporous materials largely dominates over the size of the outer surface a...


Abstract Between 1951–1958, most of the Hula Lake and its surrounding swamps in the Upper Jordan River (Rift) Valley of Israel were drained with the supposed purposes to eliminate malaria and to reclaim land for agriculture; both reasons later proved to be unnecessary decisions. With the paucity of biological knowledge of the Hula region, especially its aquatic invertebrates, accurate assessment of the environmental damage from this drainage is still being realized. Based on natural history museum collection specimen records, the pre-drainage presence of some aquatic insect species has been verified. Among these was Donaciabicolora, a member of a semi-aquatic subfamily (Donaciinae) of Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) and whose Israeli populations were thought to have gone extinct because of the drainage of the Hula and other locations. Recently this species was rediscovered in two populations. However, the molecular identification of two of these recently collected specimens from one population revealed that the identity of this species is actually Donaciasimplex. In this work, the re-discovery of this species is detailed, and its conservation importance discussed.


The aim of this study is to examine how the introduction of medical therapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) might have changed the indications, patient characteristics and outcome in men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) over two decades (1991.- 2011.). All patients who underwent TURP for symptomatic BPH at our institutions in 1991. (before the introduction of medical therapy for BPH), 2001. (when medical therapy was becoming an important therapy for BPH) and 2011. (when medical therapy was the first line therapy for BPH), were reviewed. We assessed the total number of TURPs, indications for surgery, patient age, health status, weight of resected tissue, and pre and post-operative events/ complications. Our institutions provided primary urological care for 989, 1815 and 2162 men > 50 years of age in 1991., 2001. and 2011., respectively. There was a 60% decrease of TURPs from 1991. to 2011. with a slight increase in number in 2001. Failure of medical therapy was not an indication in 37% and 88% of patients in 2001. and 2011., respectively. There was a substantial rise in the percentage of men at risk presenting with acute or chronic retention (AUR and CUR) at the time of their TURPs ( from 23% in 1991. to 55% in 2001. and from 14% in 1991. to 38% in 2011. for AUR and CUR, respectively) (P<0.05). There was also rise in the percentage of patients presenting with preoperative hydronephrosis (2% in 1991., 13% in 2001. and 6% in 2011.) (P<0.05) and gradual decrease of UTI before TURP overtime (14%, 10% and 12%, respectively).The mean operative time was lower in 2011., compared with either of the two previous cohorts (P<0.05), postoperative stays decreased (from 4.1 days in 1991. to 2.7 days in 2001. and 2.1 days in 2011.)(P<0.05), but the number of patients discharged with catheter increase over two decades (from 3.5% in 1991 to 4.8% in 2001., and to 8.8% in 2011.)(P<0.05). The postoperative complications of our three cohorts differed significantly (14% in 1991., 6.4% in 2001. and 20.6% in 2011.)(P<0.05). The increasing use of medical therapy as a first line treatment for BPH has resulted in a dramatic decrease in TURPs which, in turn, has been associated with an apparent increase in risk of poor pre- and postoperative outcomes seems to be related to earlier catheter removal and hospital discharge, although a causal relationship cannot be established. The present study covering the last two decades would suggest that we are not delaying surgery for patients who will eventually require it. We are now selecting the appropriate patients for TURP, rather than using TURP as our only means of BPH therapy as we did two decades ago.


Japanese expressways are not utilized as much as comparable expressways in the USA and European countries, This is because Japanese expressways aretoll roads, and the great distances between interchanges make them inconvenient to use. The reason why the interchanges are far apart is that each one requires expenses for construction of the toll booth, purchase of the lot, administration, etc. For the purpose of promoting the more effectiveuse of expressways, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport initiated a pilot program in which smart ICs - interchanges exclusively for ETC cars - were installed in existing test points all over Japan, beginning in October 2004, to reduce construction costs, improve convenience for drivers and revitalize the local economy. The utilization ratio of ETCs in Japan was 59.7% as of July 20, 2006. This means that one out of every two cars uses the ETC system. The companies that manage the Expressways are aiming for a utilization ratio of ETCs of 75% by the spring of 2007 and planto introduce a diversified and flexible charging system. In addition, they plan to introduce various services to promote the use of ETC such as theETC unit lease system and one stop service that enables the use of the ETC system instantly. Almost two years have passed since the smart IC pilot program began. While the utilization ratio of ETCs is increasing greatly, there is an expectation among users that the smart IC system will be shifted from the pilot program to full-scale service. For the covering abstractsee E134653.


In most cases, the time complexity required when identifying header field is O (n) in the resolution process of serial communication protocol, which is highly unfavorable for systems with strict time limit. If the time complexity of this process could be decreased to Θ(1), there would be precious time left for later processing. This article demonstrated a common strategy of protocol resolution, analyzed its advantages and disadvantage and proposed a strategy of protocol resolution based on KMP algorithm after analyzing the normal mode of upper protocol in serial communication. This strategy is unified in algorithm form and its algorithmic time complexity decreases from original O (n) to Θ (1) when ignoring pre-treatment. Thus, the efficiency of this strategy is strikingly enhanced when comparing to the former strategy. By using this strategy, the control structure of programs can be simplified, hence leading to the clarity of program logic and the easiness of the verification of correctness when resolving serial communication protocol.


A common problem observed in citrus fruit is the shriveling of their fruit sacs, leading to a condition known as granulation. This condition dramatically reduces the commercial value of the fruit, and unfortunately, it cannot be identified using visible sorting techniques alone. In this study the capacitance of tangerine fruit (Citrus reticulate, 'Keaw Dumnuan' variety) was investigated as a possible means to differentiate between normal and granulated tangerines in a non-destructive manner. A prototype method was developed to measure the capacitance of tangerine fruit and it was observed that the capacitance of un-granulated tangerine fruit was on average lower than granulated tangerine fruit. To establish a reliable cut off value for the classification of granulated and ungranulated fruit, a set of 100 samples was used. Subsequently, a test set of 45 samples was used to independently assess the predictivity of the cut-offs. We obtained the cut off value for classification at 3 minutes of measurement. If a sample had a capacitance greater than or equal to 1.75 nF, it was classified as a granulated sample. Conversely, if a sample had an electrical capacitance less than 1.75 nF, it was considered un-granulated. The results showed that the classification accuracy on the test set was 75.6%. Furthermore, the accuracy of prediction was strongly related to the severity of granulation in each fruit. Therefore, a capacitance based technique could prove useful to nondestructively detect and sort tangerine fruit suffering from significant granulation disorder.


The photoaging of polyamides is commonly accepted to be a free-radical process. It has been assumed1–3 that under action of ultraviolet light the macromolecules may decompose either along the C-H or the C-N bonds to macroradicals. The latter may enter a number of secondary processes mutually determining the change of chemical properties of the polymers. Studies of the nature of light-generated free radicals with the ESR method have been reported earlier,1,3,4 but the interpretation of the results is quite ambiguous, and the ESR signals observed may be due to the secondary radicals being insensitive to the action of light. A possibility of phototransformation of the radicals in a γ-irradiated polycaproamide has been noted.

The present work is concerned with the study of the effect of the spectral pattern of the light upon the radical nature in pure nylon 6. On the other hand a mechanism is proposed for the phototransformation of radicals established at the photolysis of nylon 6 in the presence of iron chloride additives.


HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr 2021;10(1):119-122 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/hbsn-2020-3 Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection affects approximately 250 million persons worldwide (1). CHB is a major risk factor for liver failure, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for 45–55% of HCC cases (1). The incidence rates of HCC among CHB patients are 0.02–0.2 per 100 person-years in inactive carriers, 0.3–0.6 per 100 person-years in those without cirrhosis, and 2.2–3.7 per 100 person-years for those with compensated cirrhosis (2). Currently, tenofovir [tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide] and entecavir (ETV) are first-line monotherapies for CHB (3,4). ETV, approved in 2005 by the FDA, is an oral nucleoside analogue with rare resistance in treatment-naïve patients (3,4). TDF, which has been available since 2008, is also a rapidly acting oral nucleotide analogue that has been shown to be highly effective in suppressing HBV replication (3,4). The new version of tenofovir (Tenofovir alafenamide, TAF) can be used safely for those with renal or bone disease was FDA approved in 2016 (3,4). However, HBV is rarely eradicated using either medication, and most patients with HBV infection require long term nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy. There have been no head-to-head randomized clinical trials to compare the efficacy of ETV and tenofovir on longterm HCC risk in patients with CHB. Several observational studies examined these outcomes. In the January 2020 issue of Gastroenterology, Yip et al. published findings from a retrospective cohort study that reported TDF was associated with lower incidence of HCC compared to ETV in treatment-naive patients with chronic HBV in Hong Kong followed from 2008 to 2018 (5). There were 29,350 patients (mean age, 52.9±13.2 years; 63.7% male); 1,309 were first treated with TDF (4.5%) and 28,041 were first treated with ETV (95.5%). Patients treated with TDF were younger (mean age, 43.2 vs. 53.4 years), and a lower proportion had cirrhosis (2.9% vs. 13.6%) than patients treated with ETV. During a median follow-up time of 3.6 years (inter-quartile range, 1.7–5.0 years) after treatment began (mean 2.8 years in TDF and 3.7 years in ETV), 8 patients treated with TDF (0.6%) and 1,386 patients treated with ETV (4.9%) developed HCC as verified by diagnosis codes (155.0 HCC and 155.2 carcinoma of liver) or procedure codes for HCC treatment according to ICD9-CM codes. They used multiple statistical methods such as propensity score matching and weighting, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and competitive risk analysis to minimize selection bias in the retrospective cohort study. The propensity score incorporated using 17 baseline characteristics (age, sex, cirrhosis, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, HBV DNA, HBeAg status, ALT, total bilirubin, INR, platelet, albumin, creatinine, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dialysis, and calendar year of treatment initiation). Patients treated with TDF had a lower risk of HCC than that in patients treated with ETV after propensity score weighting (hazard ratio, 0.36, 95% CI, 0.16–0.80; P=0.013) and 1:5 matching (hazard ratio, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.18–0.84; P=0.016). The authors suggested a potential biological mechanism that a nucleotide such as Editorial


Objective To investigate the anti-hepatocarcinoma(anti-HCC) function of HLA-A2-restricted point-mutated Survivin peptide induced CTLs.Methods The HLA-A2-restricted Survivin nonapeptides were evaluated using bioinformatics software.The binding affinity of Survivin peptide to HLA-A2 molecular was determined with flow cytometry analysis.After peptide-induced CTLs were generated in vitro,flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to detect the levels of IFN-γ,which were secreted by reactive CTLs.Peptide-induced CTLs were co-cultured with hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and BEL-7402.The rates of tumor cells lysis were assayed using CytoTox 96(R) and the morphological changes of tumor cells were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope.Results Point-mutated Survivin nonapeptide Sur79M2 (KMSSGCAFL) was filtered out,which was shown higher scores compared with the wild-type peptide Sur79.Consistent with the results of software analysis,Sur79M2 showed higher binding ability in T2 binding assays.At the same time,Sur79M2-induced CTLs could release a large number of IFN-γ after incubated with target cells rather than Sur79.When co-cultured with HCC cell lines HepG2 and BEL-7402,Sur79M2-induced CTLs effectively lysis HepG2 on HLA-A2-restricted manner without killing effect on BEL-7402 that do not express HLA-A2 molecules.Conclusion Sur79M2 could elicited specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro,which were able to specifically kill HCC cell lines on HLA-A2-restricted manner.

Key words:
Survivin;  Anti-hepatocarcinoma;  Point-mutated peptide;  HLA-A2-restricted


The minimal weight of the shortest path tree in a complete graph with independent and exponential (mean 1) random link weights is shown to converge to a Gaussian distribution. We prove a conditional central limit theorem and show that the condition holds with probability converging to 1. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007


This research aims to determine students' problem solving ability in solving Quadrilateral material. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. Instruments tend to be used in this research were tests and interviews. Subjects in this research is students of class VII-2 junior high school Muhammadiyah 57 Medan totaling 30 students. The results of data analysis stating that there are only 6 students (20,00%) is achieve the criteria of problem solving ability, while there are still 24 students (80,00%) is not achieve the criteria of problem solving ability. Based on the percentage of achievement indicators of problem solving ability, overally students were only able to achieve the indicator 'understanding the problem' with at 70.67%, while the indicator 'devising a plan' only at 41.33%, indicator 'carrying out the plan' at 65.33%, and the indicators 'looking back the problem solving' at 40.67%. Based on the analysis of students' answer sheet and interviews which has been conducted, student's mathematical problem solving ability of class VII-2 junior high school Muhammadiyah 57 Medan is still low.


By using the data of NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis and latent heat in summer over the east part of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from 1975 to 2005 as well as Northwest Pacific tropical cyclone(TC)data,study in the climatic background about the effect of latent heat on TC activity has been carried out.Analysis showed that correlation coefficient between summer latent heat and frequency of TC amounted to-0.45 at more than 0.01 significance level.Through further analysis of environmental conditions which is closely related to TC generation,It was found that the following factors will result in increased frequency of TC generation during the years of low latent heat: a strong updraft,a positive divergence anomalies in the upper troposphere and a deep moist layer in the lower troposphere.These conditions are opposite in years of high latent heat,which is not conducive to TC generation.The mechanism of latent heat effect on TC activity lies in that latent heat lead to changes in environmental field which affects tropical cyclone through the south Asia high.


With the continuous advancement of automated vehicles (AVs), there is growing concern about how AVs interact with vulnerable road users, particularly pedestrians. As a result, this emerging concern has given rise to extensive research into computational pedestrian behaviour models. However, very limited existing approaches modelled pedestrian crossing behaviour from an anthropomorphic perspective. Therefore, this study proposed a decision model for pedestrians interacting with traffic at uncontrolled intersections based on a human perception theory. Meanwhile, for the first time, we specified a kind of traffic flow-induced effect where pedestrians optimise their decisions by comparing the perceived risk of different traffic gaps. Furthermore, based on a deconstructed road-crossing decision process, we modelled pedestrian decisions and their timing in detail. A dataset collected in a CAVE-based simulator was applied to calibrate and validate the model. The results indicated that the proposed model fitted the data well and reasonably predicted pedestrian crossing decisions across a range of traffic flow scenarios. The model provides insights into the understanding and model pedestrian-AV interactions.


In the main paper, we report the top-1, top-5, top-10 and top-1% recall rates of our algorithm and the state-of-the-art on localizing ground images with unknown orientation and varying FoVs. In this section, we present the complete r@K performance in Figure 1. It can be seen that our method achieves consistently better performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms in all the localization scenarios.


Quantitative estimation of particle size of crystalline materials is commonly made by, among others, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) etc. In this paper, the newly employed Mossbauer spectroscopic technique has been evaluated with respect to other methods. The premise employed involves the significant relationships of particle size with (a) relaxation time, showing exponential relationship, (b) hyperfine field and recoil-free fraction, showing corresponding linear decrease, and (c) line width, showing inverse relationship.


The Saudi economy ought to maintain a significant amount of foreign exchange reserves due to the pegged exchange rate regime. As a hydrocarbon economy, we measure the dynamic response of external assets and liabilities of banks to the international oil price in Saudi Arabia. In the presence of extreme observations, we apply sophisticated frameworks, including cross-quantilograms, quantile-on-quantile and TVP-VAR approaches, to analyze weekly time-series data from 1993 to 2021. Our results from the cross-quantilogram and quantile-on-quantile frameworks demonstrate that foreign assets and liabilities responded asymmetrically to the volatilities of international oil prices under the bullish and bearish states of the market over different memories. The TVP-VAR results indicate that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Saudi economy encountered negative net foreign assets, which occurred mainly as a significant plague of international oil prices. Our findings are robust under different estimators.


A strict field experiment was conducted in 2004-2007 on grey-brown podzolic soil originating from light silty loam, which was 5.04 in pH, highly abundant in P, moderately abundant in K, Zn, Mn and very poor in Mg. The experiment was established in a random block design with four replications. In a four-year crop rotation system, the following sequence of crops was grown: industrial potato, fodder spring barley, winter oilseed rape and winter wheat. The experiment consisted of treatments with farmyard manure and composted sewage sludge (Biohum, Polepszacz, Tyrowo) as well as composted municipal waste (Dano, green waste). The manure and organic fertilizers were applied once (10 t d.m. ha–1) or twice (2⋅5 t d.m. ha–1). For comparison, unfertilized plots (control) and NPK fertilized plots were used. The phytopathological assays were completed in order to determine the effect of natural and organic fertilization on the structure of soil fungal communities. In a laboratory, soil samples were made into suspensions of the dilution from 10–2 to 10–4. Fungi were cultured for 5 days on Martin substrate in Petri dishes at 22oC. The grown fungal colonies were calculated into g dry mass and inoculated onto agar slabs for later species identification. The results suggest positive influence of fertilization with FYM, composted sewage sludge and composted municipal waste on the chemical properties and biotic relationships in soil, i.e. on the growth of fungi which can act antagonistically towards pathogenic species, suppressing at the same time populations of pathogenic fungi. Highest counts of pathogenic fungi were found in unfertilized soil (in the control treatment). The most desirable effect was produced by FYM applied once in a dose of 10 t d.m. ha–1.


Ceramic ink-jet printing has become a widespread technology in ceramic tile and ceramicware industries, due to its capability of manufacturing products on demand with various designs. Generally, thermally stable ceramic inks of digital primary colors(cyan, magenta, yellow, black) are required for ink-jet printing of full color image on ceramic tile. Here, we synthesized an aqueous glass-ceramic ink, which is free of Volatile organic compound(VOC) evolution, and investigated its inkjet printability. CoAl2O4 inorganic pigment and glass frit were dispersed in aqueous solution, and rheological behavior was optimized. The formulated glass-ceramic ink was suitably jetted as single sphere-shaped droplets without satellite drops. After ink-jet printing and firing processes, the printed glass-ceramic ink pattern on glazed ceramic tile was stably maintained without ink spreading phenomena and showed an improved scratch resistance.


Description of objectives and content of the website "EbioNetwork" which has been created under the umbrella of the Core Organic Plus Project EcoOrchard.

The project EcoOrchard aims to collect existing knowledge and to generate new knowledge on how to successfully maintain or promote Functional Agrobiodiversity (FAB) in orchards. Therefore, it has established the knowledge portal EBIO-Network. The portal connects European fruit growers with stakeholders from research, advisory services and other organisations.


It would be impossible not to highlight the editorial of our departing Editor-in-Chief. Prof Adam Cohen has been a wonderful servant to BJCP for over 30 years. Hugely knowledgeable, opinionated, moral and frankly inimitable, he will be sorely missed. This reflective and prophetic piece is a must read for anyone involved in medical science and publishing. The future of specialist journals with the insight and editorial expertise they bring (as well as the revenue to their learned societies) is clearly at stake. Prof Cohen lays down the gauntlet to the next generation to address this challenge.


This study contributes to the literature on second language (L2) learners' revision behavior by describing what, when, and how often L2 learners revise their texts when responding to timed writing tasks on the computer and by examining the effects of task type, L2 proficiency, and keyboarding skills on what and when L2 learners revise. Each of 54 participants with 2 levels of L2 proficiency (low vs. high) and 2 levels of keyboarding skills (low vs. high) responded to timed independent and integrated writing tasks on the computer. A keystroke logging program recorded each participant's writing activities. Keystroke data were coded in terms of participants' revision behavior (e.g., orientation, linguistic domain, and temporal location of revisions) and then compared across tasks and learner groups. The findings suggest that the participants tended to revise form more often than content and that L2 proficiency and, to a lesser extent, task type, but not keyboarding skills, affected participants' revision behaviors during the timed writing tasks. Overall, the participants made more precontextual (that is, at the point of inscription) revisions than contextual revisions (that is, revisions of already written text), made considerably more typography and language revisions than content revisions, revised more frequently at the phrase and word level than at higher levels, and tended to make precontextual revisions more frequently in the first two thirds of the writing process and contextual revisions most frequently in the last third of the writing session. The findings and their implications for practice and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


A product innovation is the development and commercialization of a product with improved performance characteristics (OECD, 1997). Product innovation tends to expand consumer choice. More product choice allows more consumers to find products that better match their particular tastes and preferences, thereby expanding consumer welfare. This welfareincreasing effect of product innovation is not guaranteed, however. Product innovations that become the industry or regulatory standard may ultimately reduce, not increase, product differentiation and consumer welfare. For example, some cities prohibit sales of unpasteurized milk, thereby reducing choice through the elimination of raw milk markets.


The research and applications modules (RAM) system is discussed. The RAM is a family of payload carrier modules that can be delivered to and retrieved from earth orbit by the space shuttle. The RAM's capability for implementing a wide range of manned and man-tended missions is described. The rams have evolved into three types; (1) pressurized RAMs, (2) unpressurized RAMs, and (3) pressurizable free-flying RAMs. A reference experiment plan for use as a baseline in the derivation and planning of the RAM project is reported. The plan describes the number and frequency of shuttle flights dedicated to RAM missions and the RAM payloads for the identified flights.


TransCom is a new distributed system which allows users to load programs remotely on demand.The cache plays an important role in the TransCom system design but existing cache simulation methods can not provide accurate TransCom cache performance analysis.Therefore,a shared storage cache simulator (SSCS) algorithm was developed which extends the traditional stack-distance model by introducing user management.The system identifies each cache block by a vector composed by the block id and user id and then separately manages,schedules and measures the block performance according to the user behavior.Cache performance tests verify the simulations using the algorithm are accurates.Optimization based on the conclusions greatly improves system performance and scalability.


The article contains the results of studies on meat performance of foreign mutton-wool sheep bred in the Republic of Belarus. The system of breeding work is analyzed. The research was performed in the RUE "Vitebsk Breeding Enterprise", FLLC "Eastern Ship" of Logoisk district and OJSC "Zherebkovichi" of Lyakhovichi district, where breeding groups of mutton-wool producing sheep were formed. It is found that the breeding of foreign sheep breeds of Belarusian selection continues to be carried out according to the open breeding nucleus scheme with its active part influenced by the whole breeding herd under control. This breeding system in combination with the multi-stage selection of the resulting offspring ensures the expansion of genealogical structure and formation of new generations with better meat qualities.