A pallet (10) PLASTIC TRANSPORT HAS TWO PARALLEL SURFACES FORMING PART (16A) TOP AND SIDE (16) BACKGROUND AND WHOSE BASE OUTSIDE THE FORM (15,17) of the bodies (12,14) BASE permanently fixed with one another and at the base (15,17) are spaced mutually. The base of each base body is a closed board. SPACE BETWEEN THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE CORPS BASE is bridged by a pair of bars (20,22; 22,24; 24,20) PARALLEL INCLUDING AN INTERMEDIATE SLOT. At both ends of each pair of bars SLOT (26) is closed within a chamber by a bar (28) CROSSOVER linking both bases (15,17). SPACE IS CLOSED BETWEEN THE BASES AROUND THE PERIPHERY PALETTE BY RODS (20) MARGINAL. The pallet (10) is PROVIDED WITH FEET (42) projecting outward on a surface (16) and optionally bearing SKATES. Both bodies (11.14) BASE are linked to each other in the area of RODS (20,22,24) and bars (28) CRUZADAS.


The Security is a vital aspect of cloud service as it comprises of data that belong to multiple users. Cloud service providers are responsible for maintaining data integrity, confidentiality and availability. They must ensure that their infrastructure and data are protected from intruders. In this research work Intrusion Detection System is designed to detect malicious server by using Cuckoo Search (CS) along with Artificial Intelligence. CS is used for feature optimization with the help of fitness function, the server's nature is categorized into two types: normal and attackers. On the basis of extracted features, ANN classify the attackers which affect the networks in cloud environment. The main aim is to distinguish attacker servers that are affected by DoS/DDoS, Black and Gray hole attacks from the genuine servers. Thus, instead of passing data to attacker server, the server passes the data to the genuine servers and hence, the system is protected. To validate the performance of the system, QoS parameters such as PDR (Packet delivery rate), energy consumption rate and total delay before and after prevention algorithm are measured. When compared with existing work, the PDR and the delay have been enhanced by 3.0 %and 21.5 %.


The experimental dipole moments of four pyrazoles, namely 3(5)-phenyl-5(3)-methylpyrazole 4, 1,5-di-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole 10, 1,3-dimethyl-5-phenylpyrazole 11 and 1-methyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazole 12, were combined with literature data on other pyrazoles (only H, CH3 and C6H5 substituents) to discuss the structure and tautomerism (NH derivatives) of these compounds. Ab initio theoretical calculations, up to 6-31G**/3-21G level were carried out to get a deeper insight on their structure, particularly on the conformation of the phenyl groups. The main conclusion is that a phenyl group near the "imine" nitrogen enhances the dipole moment of pyrazoles.


Abstract Can modern poetry be said to have a 'revelatory' quality, in theological terms? Arguably the strongest candidate for such an accolade is the work of Nelly Sachs. Here is 'poetry after Auschwitz', by a Holocaust escapee, of unique religious intensity. Sachs was awarded the Nobel Prize for her poetry in 1966. And yet her work remains almost completely unknown in the English-speaking world, a state of affairs that surely needs remedying.


Sustainable urban renovation is characterized by multiple factors (e.g., technical, socio-economic, environmental and ethical perspectives), different spatial scales and a number of administrative structures that should address the evaluation of alternative scenarios or solutions. This defines a complex decision problem that includes different stakeholders where several aspects need to be considered simultaneously. In spite of the knowledge and experiences during the recent years, there is a need of methods that lead the decision-making processes. In response, a methodology based on a KPI-driven approach for urban renovation at district level is proposed in the European Smart City project CITyFiED. The methodology is a procedure with the energy efficiency as main pillar and the local authorities as client. It is composed of seven phases that ensures an effective dialogue among all the stakeholders, aiming to understand the objectives and needs of the city to deliver a set of customized Strategies for Sustainable Urban Renovation. In order to provide guidance and quantitative criteria, three levels of indicators are integrated into the approach: City Level Indicators (L1) at city & district level, Project Level KPIs (L2), and Impact Assessment Indicators at city level (L3).


Service-based tools are beginning to mature, but there is a cognitive gap between the understanding of what currently exists within an organization and how to use that knowledge in planning an overall enterprise modernization effort that realizes a service-oriented architecture. Traditional and contemporary software engineering lifecycles use incremental approaches to extract business information from stakeholders in developing features and constraints in a future application. In traditional environments, this information is captured as requirements specifications, use cases, or storyboards. Here, we address the evolution of traditional software engineering approaches to support the conceptualization of abstract services that overlap multiple organizations. Traditional software engineering lifecycles must be enhanced with emerging processes related to the development applications for service-oriented environments. The chapter discusses state-of-the-art approaches that elicit information about the requirements for serviceoriented architectures. These approaches tend to leverage existing requirements engineering approaches to suggest aggregate service-based capabilities that might be most effective for a particular environment. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-159-7.ch002


David Barton's book concerns itself with definitions of literacy, and it is thoroughly postmodern in that the author invites us not to consider a single definition but rather to recognize and value a series of perspectives on literacy. The book is ambitious in attempting to offer a comprehensive account of what it calls "the emerging field of literacy studies" (p. ix). Barton offers an escape from the trap of attempting to fix a single definition by considering a variety of literacies, including historical, educational, linguistic, psychological, political, and anthropological perspectives on print literacy. He describes the aim of the book as to understand the different ways in which people talk about reading and writing, and to bring together the new views of literacy which are being proposed. Barton's perspective is an interesting one: he teaches in a linguistics department in an English university, and is a member of a group (which includes his colleagues Ros Ivanic and Mary Hamilton at Lancaster) associated with the term "the new linguistics." This group's work extends the boundaries of linguistics beyond those of the sociolinguistics of the 1970s and 1980s, and introduces sociocultural and sociopolitical perspectives into the study of language. The book is as much a conceptual map of a domain as a detailed academic treatise. Any work which attempts to provide an introduction not only to traditional linguistic topics such as discourse, text, the history of writing systems, genre, register, spoken versus written language, grammaticality, language diffusion, and so on, but also attempts to cover a wider range of topics such as activity theory, gender, intertextuality, emergent literacy, initial reading instruction, and the politics of adult literacy runs the risk (as does this sentence) of attempting too much, and of overreaching. Naturally not all of these topics receive detailed coverage, and although the book achieves its central purpose of redefining the field, more specialist readers may find that their first reaction to the book is one of slight disappointment. This is because the most interesting sections for the specialist are likely to be the chapters at each end of the book, which give Barton's reflections on the metaphor of ecology, and his thoughts on the politics of literacy. For a specialist in the literacy field, the intermediate chapters will perhaps seem to offer less which is novel. It would be unfortu-


This article discusses the ideological factors and their impact upon Indonesia-Malaysia's political relations during the period 1961-1971.  The ideological factors i.e. the democracy-capitalist and communist-socialist, greatly influenced the political relations between the two Southeast Asian countries during the bipolarity era.  The ideological factors had a close relationship with the hegemonic powers' (the United States and the Soviet Union) activities in Malaysia and Indonesia.  The nature of political relations between Malaysia and Indonesia was based upon ideological factors. The changes in political relations between Indonesia and Malaysia after 1965 were dominated by the changes of political ideology in Indonesia (i.e. from communist-socialist to democracy-capitalist). Indonesia after 1965 under Suharto's regime was a pro-capitalist state. The similar political ideology after 1965 between both countries influenced the political relations.  The ideological factor was one of the vital factors in analysing Indonesia-Malaysia political relations during the period of 1961-1971. Keywords: Indonesia, Malaysia, ideological factors, bipolarity, the United States, the Soviet Union..


Based on game theory are not satisfied with the key factors that come to the customer's alliance(otd,cargo safety,error rate,communication).On-time delivery improvement research,analyzed the causes and propose relevant measures for improvement,focusing on changes in import-related information;strict control during transport nodes;the driver to enhance service awareness and safety awareness.


Mullerian Duct anomalies [MDA] are congenital defects of female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as "double uterus", is one of the least common amongst MDAs.Uterine didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the mullerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500g and perinatal mortality.We share our experience of a rare case of full term pregnancy with didelphys uterus and its diagnostic and management


In this paper,we consider the situation that two of three identical two-level atoms are trapped in two coupled cavities separately and another atom is outside the cavity.The evolution of the state vector of the system is given.Three atoms are in like-W state,and optical cavities are all in vacuum state initially.Negativity is adopted to quantify the degree of entanglement.By means of the numerical calculations,we investigate the temporal evolutions of the entanglement between atoms.The influences of coupling constant between cavities and the parameter describing the atomic initial state on the entanglements are discussed.The results show that the disentanglement time zone of atom-atom entanglement is reduced,and the curve peaks of entanglements increase as initial entanglement between atoms increases.This indicates that the entanglement between atoms is strengthened with the increase of initial entanglement between atoms.The atom-atom entanglement is also strengthened with the increase of the coupling constant between cavities.On the other hand,we consider the case which the state of atom outside cavity is measured.When a direct selective measurement is performed or not,the effect of the state-selective measurement on the entanglement is discussed.We find that the entanglement between atoms can be strengthened through the state-selective measurement.


This study aims to determine the effect of students 'knowledge, perceptions and environment on students' interest in becoming the BEM FEB UPGRIS management. Respondents in this study were students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of PGRI Semarang with a sample of 267 students. The data collection process was carried out by distributing questionnaires via google form media to all students of the Faculty of Economics and Business from class 2017-2020. This research is using quantitative methods. Methods of data collection using stratified random sampling technique using a questionnaire. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis using statistical test tools. The data processing of this study used IBM SPSS 22 tools. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence between knowledge on student interest, and perceptions do not have a positive and significant effect on student interest, and the student environment has a positive and significant effect on student interest. Knowledge, perceptions, and the student environment together have an effect on student interest. knowledge has an effect of 63% on student interest, perception of 0.29% and student environment by 31%. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the value of Adjusted R Square is 0.740 or 74%.


Copreneurs' Coping Strategies for Work-Family Conflict by Eunice Peregrino-Dartey MBA, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, 2006 BA, University of Ghana, 1997 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University August 2018 Abstract Family businesses including copreneurships have a high failure rate. Copreneurs experience work–family conflict (WFC), which can have a negative effect on business sustainability. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies that copreneurs used in managing WFC to achieve business sustainability for longer than 10 years. Three copreneurs from 3 copreneurial businesses located in theFamily businesses including copreneurships have a high failure rate. Copreneurs experience work–family conflict (WFC), which can have a negative effect on business sustainability. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies that copreneurs used in managing WFC to achieve business sustainability for longer than 10 years. Three copreneurs from 3 copreneurial businesses located in the Greater Accra region of Ghana, who have employed effective strategies to cope with WFC to achieve business sustainability longer than 10 years, participated in the study. The WFC model for business/marriage partners (copreneurs) and the reciprocal coping model served as the conceptual framework that grounded the study. Data were collected from semistructured interviews, company documents, and a reflective journal. The data were analyzed using the framework of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and making conclusions. Emerging themes included strategy themes of personal coping, family-friendly organizational supports, and integrated coping. The implications for positive social change include the potential to help copreneurs use strategies identified to manage WFC to improve business sustainability, which may contribute to wealth creation and poverty reduction in the local economy. Copreneurs' Coping Strategies for Work-Family Conflict by Eunice Peregrino-Dartey MBA, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, 2006 BA, University of Ghana, 1997 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University August 2018 Dedication I dedicate this doctoral study to Almighty God who made this feat possible. To my dear parents whose dream it was for me to obtain a doctorate, I made it, even though you are not here to experience this awesome accomplishment with me. I also dedicate this study to Jesse my husband, whose support and unconditional love, and encouragement helped me to make this achievement possible, I say, God bless you. To my sons Inshira and Adom, your sacrifices have borne fruits. I thank you all for the love and inspiration. Acknowledgments I thank my Chairs, Dr. James Glenn for chaperoning me through the final phase of my doctoral study and Dr. Lynn M. Szostek for her inspiration, support, guidance, and encouragement throughout my journey. I also thank Dr. Kim A. Critchlow and Dr. Denise L. Land who helped to steer the direction of my study. I am also thankful to Dr. Freda Turner and Dr. Susan Davis for making the DBA program a great one to undertake.


This study was performed to investigate the fabrication techniques and provenances of the raw materials of Bronze Age pottery excavated from the Sinsongri site in Seosan, Korea. We conducted macroscopic and microscopic observations in the analysis of mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of pottery. Pottery from the Sinsongri site was sorted into smooth and coarse types according to surface texture. The smooth type was composed of chlorite -vermiculite, quartz, feldspar, and mica below 0.5 mm, but the coarse type contained no chlorite-vermiculite, reflecting the principal difference in raw materials. In addition, there were significant differences between the types in geochemical variations. The pottery might have been produced near the site,
but the degree of differentiation or weathering was somewhat different depending on the source of the clay. All the pottery was made from sandy clay after a simple refining process, and it is assumed that the firing temperature of the pottery from the Sinsongri site was about or less than 800 °C.


We present a measurement of D^0-D^0 mixing and CP violation using the ratio of lifetimes simultaneously extracted from a sample of D^0 mesons produced through the flavor-tagged process D^(*+)→D^0π^+, where D^0 decays to K^∓π^±, K^-K^+, or π^-π^+, along with the untagged decays D^0→K^∓π^± and D^0→K^-K^+. The lifetimes of the CP-even, Cabibbo-suppressed modes K^-K^+ and π^-π^+ are compared to that of the CP-mixed mode K^∓π^± in order to measure y_(CP) and ΔY. We obtain y_(CP)=[0.72±0.18(stat)±0.12(syst)]% and ΔY=[0.09±0.26(stat)±0.06(syst)]%, where ΔY constrains possible CP violation. The y_(CP) result excludes the null mixing hypothesis at 3.3σ significance. This analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 468  fb^(-1) collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider.


Summary. Daily treatment for 3 to 9 days with 3 to 12 mg/kg haloperidol (4-[4-(p-chlorophenyl) -4-hydroxypiperidino] -4' -fluorobutyrophenone) given by stomach tube to pregnant rats delays the growth of the foetuses, if treatment is started on the day of copulation (Day 0) or the day after. The delay is not seen if treatment is started on Days 4 or 7. If 3 to 9 mg/kg haloperidol is administered on Day 1 to Day 16, the young are normal in appearance at birth, but with 1 to 6 days' delay. These findings could indicate that implantation is initiated earlier than is generally accepted. The butyrophenone derivative, haloperidol (4-[4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino]-4'-fluorobutyrophenone), causes retarded implantation if adminis¬ tered to pregnant rats (Tuchmann-Duplessis & Mercier-Parot, 1967). The present investigation was carried out in order to detect at which stage of pregnancy haloperidol could interfere with the weight increase of the foetuses and, thus, indirectly influence the implantation process. In our experiments, rats were maintained in cages, each cage containing five mature, female, Sprague-Dawley rats and one mature male. Vaginal smears were taken from the females every morning. On the first day (Day 0) on which spermatozoa were observed in the smear, the females were placed in separate cages and randomly distributed between test groups and parallel control groups. Haloperidol (Janssen Pharmaceutical) was dissolved in distilled water and administered by stomach tube daily for 3 to 9 days in doses of 3, 6, 9 or 12 mg/kg. The exact days of drug administration are given in Table 1. Control animals were given 0-1 ml distilled water/100 g body weight. The haloperidol solution was kept at 5° C and a fresh solution was prepared every week. The female rats were killed on Day 20, the foetuses were counted and their body weight estimated to an accuracy of within 10 mg. In one series, the animals were given haloperidol from Days 1 to 16. The animals in this series were not killed, but allowed to proceed to term, and the day of delivery was noted (Table 2). The body weight of the foetuses recorded on Day 20 was less when halo¬ peridol had been administered from Day 0 or Day 1. The mean body


The essence of constructivism is to direct at the construction of the learner's framework of knowledge.It not only focuses on the manifestation of knowledge and the process of meaning,but also emphasizes meaningful construction of learning environment.Since the theory of constructivism emphasizes both internal and external environments,it can be verified and applied in the field of foreign language teaching to a large extent and promote foreign language teaching.


Record power-added efficiency (PAE) of 89% was obtained at 8 GHz with a gain of 9.6 dB using GaAs on insulator (GOI) MESFETs, which were operated using a 3 V supply. When the voltage was increased to 4 V, the peak PAE was 93% at 210 mW/mm with 9.2 dB gain. The ideal current-voltage characteristics with practically zero leakage current and large transconductance near pinch-off yielded PAE values approaching the theoretical limits of over-driven operation.


In this paper the problem of video object detection under illumination variation is addressed. Many algorithms have been proposed to cope to this situation. But the major draw back in most of them is misclassified object and background area. Thereby object recognition and tracking process fails many a times due to failure of the detection algorithms. In our previous work we have proposed a supervised approach to increase the correct classification of the object and background regions. Although the results obtained were as per expectation but the model parameters estimation; such as the threshold selection process was manually done. In order to make it adaptive to the scene, we have proposed a classification algorithm which takes the histogram of correlation matrix into account and classify the object. The proposed algorithm computes the inter-plane correlation between three consecutive R, G and B planes by using a correlation function. The correlation matrix obtained is then used to construct a segmented image which gives a rough estimate of the object. The segmentation of the correlation plane is done by a threshold. This threshold selection is made adaptive to the video sequence considered. This segmented plane along with the moving edge image is then taken into consideration to improvise the correct classification of the moving object in the video. It is observed that the proposed algorithm yields quite manageable results in terms of correct classification.


The article describes the main types of bags (purses) found on the early Mordovian sites in Vad and Tsna River basins in 7th – 10th centuries. The proposed typology relies on the fabric and shapes of the purses, as well as distinguished elements of decoration and suspension. It was established that only birch bark and fur purses can be attributed to the local production. Leather bags of variant 2 fi nd broad analogies on the Volga Bulgarian sites, while variant 1 is found on Vetluga-Vyatka sites and in Sweden (Birka). Elements of decoration on variant 3 bear a remote resemblance to Oriental things, although no analogies could be found. Simple clasps-pipes and purses of mixed types made of fur and leather are widely spread. Poor state of the fi nds does not allow us to better defi ne the sources of their import. All purses are dated by the end of the fi rst millennium AD based on the decorations found at their side. It was the time for growing contacts with the East.


We are reporting an enhancement in optical properties by changing the structure of Zn0.85Mg0.15O thin films through formation of crystalline hexagonal nanorods. Zn0.85Mg0.15O thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrate using dielectric sputter followed by annealing in oxygen ambient at temperatures of 700, 800 and 900° C for 10 seconds to reduce oxygen vacancies defects. Deposited thin film annealed at 900 °C (sample A) measured highest peak intensity and it was subjected to controlled the hydrothermal bath conditioning for forming hexagonal nanorods. Four samples were dipped in 2 different solutions with variable molar ratio of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylentetramine for 2 and 3 hours, respectively. Samples processed in solution 1 (1:1) ratio for 2 and 3 hours were named B and C and those in solution 2 (2:1) were D and E, respectively. Photoluminescence measurement at 18K demonstrates exciton near-band-edge (NBE) emission peak at 3.61eV from Zn0.85Mg0.15O sample A whereas other samples exhibited slight blue shift along with bimodal peaks. The other peak observed at lower energy 3.43eV corresponds to transitions due to presence of ZnO phase in Zn0.85Mg0.15O. All samples compared to sample A exhibited more than 10 times increment in peak intensities with sample B producing the highest (~ 20 times). Nanorods formation was confirmed using crosssectional SEM imaging. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that all Zn0.85Mg0.15O samples had (002) preferred crystal orientation with peak position at 34.7°. All nanorods samples measured lower reflectance compared to sample A, indicating high absorption in nanorods due to high scattering of light at the nanorods surface.


As most of the countries around the world, even in Eastern Europe it became necessary to implement the policy and macro-prudential instruments. The measures adopted by the authorities varied and they consisted in controlling the banks' loans issued in the foreign currency. Foreign currency lending was the main feature which was strengthened even more during the credit boom of the past decade. The policymakers in the region were clear about the need for development of the capital markets in local currency, in such a way that banks were to shrink for foreign currency funding and long-term maturities. It is obvious that macro-prudential instruments and policies varied amongst countries. This is due to the fact that each country has different problems of the macroeconomic nature and in the financial system. According to the report of IMF (2011b) when applying macro-prudential instruments should be noted that the same measures are not equally effective in all countries where they are applied. The instruments used have had a positive effect, namely the reduction of lending and liquidity coverage. It is important to realize that the degree of effectiveness of instruments does not depend on the stage of economic development or the exchange rate. So, the emerging economies that have fixed exchange rate and limited interest rate tend to use macro-prudential instruments. The same tools are equally effective when used in developed countries with flexible exchange rate regimes. The implementation of macro-prudential instruments costs that must be taken into account when calculating the benefits from these instruments (IMF, 2011a). The liquidity instruments that are used in Eastern European countries demonstrated that they were effective in limiting the financing in foreign currency. In this context, the instruments relating to capital may be helpful for limiting the credit growth (IMF, 2011b).


Projections of the near future of daily case incidence of COVID-19 in King County are valuable for informing public policy. Projections made with the latest data may be better for some purposes than projections based on older data freezes of more reliable data. Incidence-count half-life is a better statistic for many purposes than reproductive rate (R). Currently, an empirical fit to King County data predicts a half-life of 24.5 days (95% CI: 21.2 - 28.8), corresponding to an R of about 0.8. Under this model, the number of cases per day in King County is extrapolated to be 40 cases per day on May 24 and 20 cases per day on June 18, 2020.


Ultrasonography (US) emerged as a useful imaging tool in the diagnosis of gout. However, its accuracy is still unclear. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the performance of US in diagnosing gout. We systematically reviewed PubMed database, and all the references of eligible articles were manually screened for additional relevant papers. Studies were included if they (1) examined the performance of US in diagnosing gout, (2) used a cross-sectional design in patients presenting with acute or chronic arthritis where gout was suspected, and (3) confirmed the diagnosis of gout using microscopic identification of monosodium urate crystals as the gold standard. Seven studies were included in the present systematic review. We evaluated the diagnostic properties of three typical US signs of gout: double contour (DC), tophi, and aggregates. The sensitivity and specificity of DC for gout varied, respectively, from 42% to 87.8% and 64.1% to 97%. The sensitivity of tophi for gout was between 19% and 46% and its specificity between 93% and 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of aggregates for gout ranged, respectively, between 30.3% and 78.9% and 65% and 90.9%. When any of these US features was present, the sensitivity for the diagnosis of gout increased up to 96% while the specificity decreased to 68%. Inversely, when all three signs were observed, the specificity tended to 100% but with a poor sensitivity of 17%. US had high specificity for the diagnosis of gout in patients presenting with undifferentiated arthritis. Its sensitivity depends on which US signs are taken into account and the joints being assessed.


then inter- est theory and a problem about the observation of quantum systems (now as the quantum Zeno effect). With his death, train was lost, but the question computa- tion to fundamental physics has remained. Since the computing given a practical technological arena in which computation and quantum physics interact excitingly, it has not yet changed Tur- ing' s picture of what is computable. There are also thought-experiment models that explore what it would mean beyond the ally require machine operate with speed or allow unlim- ited accuracy probe more the nature physical world. Perhaps the body of ideas is that of Roger Penrose ( 7). These draw strongly on the very thing motivated Tur- ing' s early relationship operations to the imply that uncomputable physics abstract of how states are in the world. The problem remains: Does computation with discrete symbols a complete the world? If it does, how can make this connection manifest? If it does not, where does fail, and what would this tell us about fundamental science?


The applicability of regression equations based on body segments for estimating height was evaluated. The obtained height was compared with the real height of a group of institutionalized elderly Venezuelans (136 males and 184 females, ages from 60 to 98 years). The height, knee height, arm-span and half span were measured. Different national and international equations used to estimate the height were applied. In order to evaluate the magnitude of the differences between estimated height and real height, a pure error equation (PE; cm) was applied. A t test was used to establish the significance of the differences. The results of the majority of the equations analyzed, demonstrated that the estimated height was significantly higher (p<0.001) than the real height for both the total sample and by sex. In relation to the differences observed between estimated height and real height, Chumlea's equation showed the lowest estimated error for the total sample, females and males (4.6 cm, 4.6 cm and 4.7 cm) respectively. The results suggested that none of these equations were appropriate for this group study and it is necessary to develop new prediction equations to estimate the height of individuals with similar characteristics.


Depth Filtration A true depth filter allows particles to penetrate the filter matrix and become captured throughout the depth of the medium. As with surface filtration, this only holds true when the particle size/pore relationship is conducive to the process for which the cartridge was designed. The depth filter matrix has a broad pore size distribution; hence, depth cartridges rely on adsorptive retention for a portion of their dirt-holding capacity. Some depth filters, such as the ARD, Nexis and DFT classic, have a gradient pore structure, with tighter pores near the center core, to maximize mechanical retention. In some depth cartridges, such as string wound, the medium is not a fixed pore matrix, as with chemically or thermally affixed pleated media. For this reason, depth cartridges should not be subjected to flows as high as those that are possible for pleated cartridges. Most depth filters are made from extruded melt blown fibers or twisted yarn fibers. Melt blown depth filters are generally made from polypropylene, polyester or nylon and can be made in both absolute and nominal retention ratings. These types of cartridges can be made to filter particles sizes from less than one micron to over 100 microns. Yarn wound cartridges, made with fibrous materials, are often brushed in order to maximize the tortuosity of flow through the filter. They are nominally rated but offer the advantage of being made from a variety of materials. Depth versus Surface Descriptions of depth filters and surface filters usually emphasize the extreme characteristics of each. In reality, the filtration process is somewhere on a scale between the two, leaning predominantly to one end or the other. The filter chosen to perform the task will dictate whether or not surface filtration or depth filtration will predominate. The debate of depth filter versus surface filter often becomes a complex issue that is dependent upon many different factors. Economics Generally pleated cartridges cost more per 10" equivalent than do depth cartridges. However, at the lower micron ratings, the higher cost of the cartridge is made up by the greater dirt holding capacity. A comparison of cost and dirt holding capacity for wound cotton DFT Classics versus pleated Duo-fines was made to determine which is more economical. Cost Per Gram of Contaminant The higher cost per cartridge of the pleated versus the wound levels out between 3 and 10 microns; below this point it becomes more economical to use pleated cartridges. Conversely, above this level, the wound cartridge is likely to be more economical. Keep in mind, however, that direct cartridge to cartridge replacement cost is not always the only governing factor. Consider an entirely new application in which a system has to be sized from flow data. Due to the ability of the pleated cartridge to flow at a higher rate with a lower PSID, fewer pleated cartridges would have to be incorporated into the system. This would require a smaller housing, fewer replacement cartridges and lower disposal costs. In this case, one would have to weigh the difference of the initial cost and cartridge replacement cost. For example, a 3-micron Duo-fine costs three times more than a polypropylene DFT but holds 5.2 times the contaminant before reaching change out level.


In our country there are over 23 ethnic minorities, of which 18 are recognized as traditional minorities, and are represented the Romanian Parliament, through a representative organization. The importance of studying inter-ethnic relations and social dimensions of the phenomenon of "cohabitation" lies in the possibility of prediction of possible negative developments and of the dynamics of relationships, with negative consequences for social balance and security, both the minority and the majority. No. pg. 168


To describe the dynamics taking place in networks that structurally change over time, we propose an approach to search for attributes whose value changes impact the topology of the graph. In several applications, it appears that the variations of a group of attributes are often followed by some structural changes in the graph that one may assume they generate. We formalize the triggering pattern discovery problem as a method jointly rooted in sequence mining and graph analysis. We apply our approach on three real-world dynamic graphs of different natures - a co-authoring network, an airline network, and a social bookmarking system - assessing the relevancy of the triggering pattern mining approach.


Multi-value logic (MVL) is one of the options considered by researchers to overcome the limitations of the conventional binary logic because of their remarkable features such as lower transmission power consumption, lower area, interconnect, and pins. Quaternary logic is one of the forms of MVLs that has received special attention due to its compatibility with binary logic. In this paper, a quaternary non-volatile memory cell is designed and simulated using the threshold voltage tunability feature of gate-all-around carbon nanotube field-effect transistor transistors (GAA-CNTFET) and nonvolatile property of the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). The simulation results show that while our proposed quaternary memory occupies a smaller area than the existing non-volatile quaternary memory, it consumes 31% and 33% lower average and static power, respectively. The Monte-Carlo simulations also show the correct operation of the proposed memory even in the presence of process variations.


This document presents the progress of WP2 Task 1.2. In particular, the methodology developed to estimate the demand response (DR) of primary substations for which no network models are available is illustrated adopting Egremont as case study. Thereafter, by applying this methodology to the whole ENWL fleet of primary substations, the aggregated DR that can be provide to National Grid is estimated at half hour resolution for two typical days. Both simulated-based (i.e., from WP2 Part A) and measurement-based load models (i.e., from WP1) were adopted.


As the competition in tourism industry becomes severer by day,more and more tourism stakeholders,wholesalers,travel agencies,governmental organizations and scholars start to stress ascending importance on how to apply appropriate marketing approaches in the information era to obtain maximum tourism output.In order to summarize western researches on tourism destination marketing,after reading heaps of academic research papers from Annals of Tourism Research and Tourism Management,the authors sort the previous researches into four main branches.They are tourism market research,tourism destination marketing body and approaches,tourism destination image and the information techniques and channels of tourism destination marketing respectively.Tourism market research forms the first part which is clarified from four aspects,namely,tourist motivation,tourist decision making,tourists' information searching behavior and methods of tourism market segmentation.Market segmentation methods are developing in the same time with ANNs as a leading analysis tool,which provides an effective tool for market positioning.Every political and geographical unit has its own historical background,traditions,lifestyles and means to reach goals.And every tourist destination has its unique community values and characteristics which require a custom-made marketing approach.Inner scattering and needs support from a variety of relevant industries are features of tourism industry.Therefore,destination marketing needs painstaking efforts from multilateral coordination and cooperation on a high level.In the second part tourism destination marketing body and approaches,destination marketing alliances are emphasized which embrace marketing alliance within single tourism destination and the alliance among several adjacent tourism destination countries.Studies show that destination marketing alliances are on the trend and are strongly recommended by regional tourism associations.The research on destination image forms the third part which analyzes basic theories of destination image,factors in the formation of a tourism destination image and the relationship between destination images and tourists' behavior.Documents on destination image and its correlationship with tourists' behavior are found in large quantity which show a mature research focus.The fourth part concentrates on techniques and channels of tourism destination marketing,and embraces the latest technologies,theories and practices.It serves as an enlightening and practical source for the Chinese counterparts.Finally,suggestions for future researches are given in the fifth part as a summary of the whole article and an outlook for a better future.


When treating psychosis, dementia, addiction, and other psychiatric illnesses in older patients, clinicians must be prepared for a multitude of scenarios.


The study investigated the perceived effect of SBA on Nigerian secondary school teachers, with the specific aim of determining the preparedness of the teachers to conduct SBA as well as the perceived effect of the SBA on their teaching practices and students' learning. The population for the study consist of secondary school teachers in the six South-Western State of Nigeria. From each of the six states, six secondary schools were purposively selected based on owner ship of the schools. A total number of 36 secondary schools were involved in the study. From each of the schools 15 teachers were randomly selected to take part in the study. Thus the study sample size was 540 teachers. An adapted questionnaire was used to collect the study data. The adapted questionnaire was named "Nigerian Teachers' Perception of School-Based Assessment Questionnaire". This questionnaire was divided into four sections of A, B, C and D. Sections B, C, and D of the instrument respectively have a test-retest reliability of (r = 0.72, 0.77 & 0.73 ρ = < .05) over a period of two weeks and Cronbach coefficient alpha (0.79, 0.70 and 0.71). The result indicated that more than half of the sampled teachers were not adequately prepare to conduct SBA. However, teachers from Federal Government Colleges were better prepared. It was also discovered that more than fifty percent of the teachers have a negative perception of the effect of SBA on their teaching practices and on students' learning. The study therefore suggests effective monitoring of educational policy implementation and timely in-service training for all teachers irrespective of school owner.


This is a curious book. It purports to be about Dario Fo, the Italian writer-performer who was controversially awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1997, but the author is far more interested in the background material than in how Fo himself works. In his introduction, Scuderi states that since winning the Nobel Prize there has been an abundance of studies of Fo's politics and performance techniques, hence his aim is to explore Fo's theatre 'from an inter disciplinary per spective', which principally involves looking at the history of possible influences. Indeed, Scuderi virtually dismisses Fo's politi cal commit ment, and when at one point he is com pelled to mention Fo's journey to China in 1975 and Fo's involve ment, like many Italian and French intel lectuals at that time, with Maoism, he deals with this by dec laring that Fo had simply 'misread' the Chinese situation. Scuderi's book pretty well depoliticizes Fo throughout, and pro vides no infor mation on the whole Italian antiestablish ment culture from which the work of Fo and his wife, Franca Rame, emerged. Instead, he sets about tracing some of the elements that Fo utilized in his work, starting with folk traditions. He men tions Fo's debt to Gramsci's theories of the signifi cance of folk and popular culture, then moves swiftly on to carnival, pausing to tell us that his intention is 'to momentarily set aside a direct discussion of Fo's theatre' and instead to provide details of the historical and anthropo logical back ground. He sets Fo aside again later, when he provides us with an account of the his tory of the giullare, the Italian version of the jongleur, the medieval travelling player, and then gives us an account of the life of St Francis of Assisi, the subject of Fo's 1999 giullarata, entitled The Holy Jester Francis. Scuderi is obviously well read and appears to have been writing about Dario Fo for some years now, having interviewed him back in the early 1990s. But this book is unlikely to be of much use for anyone wanting to learn more about the politics of Fo's theatre, about the development of his performance technique, about the different ways with which he worked with stage interpre ters in different cultural contexts, or about the case for awarding him the Nobel Prize. Scuderi advises us in his introduction that he has made 'no attempt to fit [Fo's] works into any theo retical rubric' and has organized the work 'thematically'. The result is an odd book, though easy to read and, in its limited way, entertaining. Its defect is that it contributes nothing to our understanding of the theatre of Dario Fo. susan bassnett


Clinical named entity recognition aims to identify and classify clinical terms in electronic medical records, including diseases, symptoms, treatments, exams, and body parts. Challenges occur due to ambiguity in the boundary of Chinese words and the number limitation of annotated training data. In this paper, we propose a Bi-LSTM CRF model along with self-taught learning, active learning, and ensemble learning to recognize clinical named entities. The results achieved on CCKS-2017 Task 2 dataset with a F1-Measure of 89.88% ranks among the top systems.


Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) are characterized by huge introduction of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) supported by software-based control of relevant functionalities within the Software Defined Network (SDN) context. Distributed location algorithms, as a practical approach to optimally locate virtual functionalities in C-RAN, are described and compared to conventional optimization techniques, with application to BBU hotel placement and extensions to dynamic evolution of C-RAN configuration. Near optimal solutions and incremental adaptability to topology changes are achieved.


Presents an interview conducted with Bert Hubert, author of the open source PowerDNS nameserver. Discusses Domain Name System (DNS) security and all aspects of DNS.


Objetive. To determine the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors related to mortality in COVID-19 patients in a Hospital in northern Peru. Material and Methods: the research was carried out in a Hospital in the north of Peru. The population was made up of 208 Clinical Histories of COVID-19 patients seen between March and July 2020. The independent variable was sociodemographic factors such as age, sex and marital status, and clinical factors such as epidemiological history, risk factors (co-morbidities) and health status and the dependent variable was Covid-19 mortality. Results: COVID-19 mortality reached 46.20% in patients older than 65 years (51.90%), male (60.40%) and married (65.40%), with an epidemiological history (37.5%) , and risk factors (comorbidity) 74.50%, mainly associated with arterial hypertension (8.2%), obesity (3.4%) and diabetes mellitus I I (1.9%), and indeterminate comorbidities (Others) 6.7%. There was no mortality in patients whose health status was Stable, while patients with reserved health status and who died represented 46.2%. Conclusion: mortality from COVID-19 reached 46.20%; older than 65 years (51.90%), male (60.40%) and married (65.40%). A https://doi.org/10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2020.134.773 DOI 378 Rev. cuerpo méd. HNAAA 13(4) 2020 signif icant relationship was found between sociodemographic factors such as age, clinical factors (comorbidity), mostly arterial hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus II, and patients with a reserved health status with the mortality of COVID-19.


—Smart grids are expected to replace existing electrical grids with advanced mechanisms and intelligent entities, which have excessive data processing and communication tasks. It is important for the sensitive consumer data, such as meter readings, to be secured at these intelligent entities. Novel digital communication mechanisms should be developed to protect privacy. Existing smart grid architectures do not have sufficient and efficient security functionalities for data transmission. In this paper, we propose an Identity-Based Encryption scheme, which is more promising than the classical form regarding performance and security. The proposed scheme focuses on the data structure of meter readings and optimizes this structure to achieve a better privacy preservation. This novel structure further improves the performance of the scheme by reducing communication overhead caused by public key creation and distribution operations, as evaluations demonstrated.


Considering the two contradictions——the teaching material separated from the reality and the poor level of liberal art majors faced with the difficulty of advanced mathematics——this paper proposes the heuristic teaching method in problem situations to optimize classroom teaching.The method could realize the goal of overcoming the psychological blocks in liberal art majors learning of advanced mathematics,arousing their interests,leading students to think by themselves and improving their abilities to solve the problems.


The monodentate phosphoramidite MonoPhos has been used in the rhodium-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of N-acetyl-α-arylenamides. This ligand is readily available via a one-step procedure and is air stable. Its Rh(I) complex, which is an effective catalyst precursor for the hydrogenation of dehydroamino acids, also gives high enantioselectivities for this class of substrates. Because of the facile synthesis and stability of MonoPhos, its complex provides a general solution in preparing chiral amine derivatives through asymmetric hydrogenation.


In order to settle the arrears with electric charge in the property plots,Xiamen Electric Power Bureau communicates on its own initiative with all the parties concerned and successfully urges the local government to frame the rules such as 'the property management companies to collect utility fees','the electrical power bureau to detour the property right of the electrical distribution equipment and to read the meters directly and collect fees directly from the end-users,'one ticket system'.


In this article, we consider five possible extensions of the Prüfer domain notion to the case of commutative rings with zero divisors. We investigate the transfer of these Prüfer-like properties between a commutative ring and its subring retract. Our results generate new families of examples of rings subject to a given Prüfer-like conditions.


Regulation of the industry is an important driving force and the necessary measures for the healthy and rapid development.By full research,in response to the status quo and existing problems of the regulation of mapping and geographic information industry in Sichuan Province,analysis is made on the system's framework from database,technical framework and functional framework,which has an important significance for the realization of the system and improving of the status quo in industry regulation.


This paper presents a spiral Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for early detection of breast cancer using microwave imaging technique. To design this antenna, the material of the substrate and the ground is selected as FR-4 and copper respectively. The patches of the antenna are made of copper as well. The frequency ranges of this work is from 2.83.8 GHz. In this work, the feeding technique is coaxial feeding where Perfect Electrical Conductor (PEC) material is used. This antenna is analyzed not only in free space but also inside a breast phantom model. A breast model is designed which is inspired by the realistic one as the dielectric properties of the designed model is same as the breast tissue. The breast model is made of two layers of skin and fat. The performance analysis of the antenna with the breast model is conducted using the CST Microwave Studio. In order to validate the feasibility of the proposed design, the simulated results are presented in form of return loss, bandwidth, gain, electric fields, magnetic field and VSWR. A better matching impedance of 50 ohm is found in order. The return loss of -22 dB is achieved due to the high impedance matching. The value of VSWR is less than 2. The antenna is also simulated by positioning tumor and non-tumor phantom models on the breast model. Since various tissues have various permittivity and conductivity, the breast tumor also has distinct permittivity and conductivity in contrast to the healthier one. By comparing the simulated result without tumor and with tumor, the presence of tumor is determined.


The spatial parallel diffusion coefficient (SPDC) is one of the important quantities describing energetic charged particle transport. There are three different definitions for the SPDC: the displacement variance definition , the Fick's law definition with , and the Taylor–Green–Kubo (TGK) formula definition . For a constant mean magnetic field, the three different definitions of the SPDC give the same result. However, for a focusing field, it is demonstrated that the results of the different definitions are not the same. In this paper, from the Fokker–Planck equation, we find that different methods, e.g., the general Fourier expansion and iteration method, can give different equations of the isotropic distribution function (EIDFs). But it is shown that one EIDF can be transformed into another by some derivative iterative operations (DIOs). If one definition of the SPDC is invariant for the DIOs, it is clear that the definition is also invariant for different EIDFs; therefore, it is an invariant quantity for the different derivation methods of the EIDF. For the focusing field, we suggest that the TGK definition is only an approximate formula, and the Fick's law definition is not invariant to some DIOs. However, at least for the special condition, in this paper we show that the definition is an invariant quantity to the DIOs. Therefore, for a spatially varying field, the displacement variance definition , rather than the Fick's law definition and TGK formula definition , is the most appropriate definition of the SPDCs.


Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases among middle-aged people,characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of cytoplasmic inclusions termed Lewy bodies in surviving neurons.α-Synuclein,which is the main component of Lewy bodies,has raised more and more concerns about its function of mediating neurotoxicity in PD.Posttranslational modification(PTM) has been identified on α-Synuclein,which may promote Lewy body(LD) formation and play an important role in the initiation and progression of PD neuropathophysiology.We mainly discussed phosphorylation,nitrition and ubiquitination of α-Synuclein in this review.


We start with a deck of cards labeled 1 through n, arranged in an arbitrary permutation. At each stage, we move the card on the top of the deck to the position in the deck corresponding to its number. We ask the following questions: for a given n, what is the longest sequence of moves possible? Does every sequence of moves terminate? Considering all n! possible permutations, what is the average number of moves? In the research presented here, we prove that every sequence of moves does terminate, and have characterized the longest sequence of moves for all n. However, the question of the average number of moves has proven much more difficult, and from the cases we examine for small n, it appears unlikely that the average will be given by a simple formula. This is an interesting and accessible problem, which yields surprisingly complex behavior given the simplicity of its statement.


Atomic layer deposition is mainly used to deposit thin films on flat substrates. Here, the authors deposit a submonolayer of phosphorus on V2O5 in the form of catalyst powder. The goal is to prepare a model catalyst related to the vanadyl pyrophosphate catalyst (VO)2P2O7 industrially used for the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride. The oxidation state of vanadium in vanadyl pyrophosphate is 4+. In literature, it was shown that the surface of vanadyl pyrophosphate contains V5+ and is enriched in phosphorus under reaction conditions. On account of this, V2O5 with the oxidation state of 5+ for vanadium partially covered with phosphorus can be regarded as a suitable model catalyst. The catalytic performance of the model catalyst prepared via atomic layer deposition was measured and compared to the performance of catalysts prepared via incipient wetness impregnation and the original V2O5 substrate. It could be clearly shown that the dedicated deposition of phosphorus by atomic layer deposition enhances ...


Within the past decade, there have been a number of parallel programming models developed for data-intensive (i.e., big data) applications. Typically, each model has its own strengths in performance or programmability for some kinds of applications but limitations for others. As a result, multiple programming models are often combined in a complimentary manner to exploit their merits and hide their weaknesses. However, existing models can only be loosely coupled due to their isolated runtime systems.

In this paper, we present Transformer, the first system that supports hybrid programming models for data-intensive applications. Transformer has two unique contributions. First, Transformer offers a programming abstraction in a unified runtime system for different programming model implementations, such as Dryad, Spark, Pregel, and PowerGraph. Second, Transformer supports an efficient and transparent data sharing mechanism, which tightly integrates different programming models in a single program. Experimental results on Amazon's EC2 cloud show that Transformer can flexibly and efficiently support hybrid programming models for data-intensive computing.


The business competition of man made tourism industry especially at East Java Province is quite tight. One of them is Surabaya City that has Suroboyo Carnival Night Market (SCNM) as the newest man made tourist attraction which in the past year has been the favourite of local tourist in Surabaya. The research conducted in SCNM that focused on external conditions of SCNM, internal conditions of SCNM are viewed through the marketing mix, and review the implementation of SCNM marketing strategy which are analyzed by online reviews of SCNM visitors in Trip Advisor website. The data type are qualitative and quantitative data. Data are collected by observation, interview, documentation, and literature review. The informants are selected by purposive sampling method. Then descriptive qualitative analysis used to analyzing the data. This study shows that the external conditions of SCNM are influenced by politic factor, economy factor, social factor, and technology factor that each of it has opportunities and threats. The internal conditions of SCNM are viewed from product aspect has a diverese rides, from pricing aspect has an affordable price, from promotion aspect offers a variety of interesting promo, from place aspect is zero level channel, from people aspect is still hampered by the lack of employee that certified regional competency standards, from process aspect has in-out area, playground and public area, and night market area, from physical evidence aspect has a highly characteristic through their decoration and their souvenirs. SCNM marketing strategy was also quite successful by gaining 77.5% points good reviews from visitors based on the Trip Advisor website.


. Purpose: to create pre-conditions for rising effectiveness of physical exercises' practicing by increasing of appropriate medical colleges students' motivation and attitude to role of such trainings in health strengthening and protection. Material: in the research 221 students (105 boys and 116 girls) participated; all they were 3 rd year students. Results: Extra curriculum physical exercises' training is much more interesting for boys. With it 50% of boys and girls like in-college physical culture lessons. The content of such trainings does not facilitate formation of students' position in respect to role of such exercises in health strengthening and protection. There is deficit of students' appropriate knowledge and absence of their understanding of demand in mastering of appropriate knowledge and skills. Conclusions: for removal of detected drawbacks it is necessary to improve organization and content of medical colleges' students' physical education, considering the received data.


The collapse of a series of postcolonial states in the developing world following the end of the Cold War stimulated a shift in Western security thinking. Influenced by the emerging discourse on globalization, Western policymakers and analysts began to see these newly bankrupt states in the global periphery as posing a distinct threat to the wealthy Western core of the international system. Indeed, the 9/11 terrorist attacks, which were partially planned from one of the world's chronic fragile states, Afghanistan, seemed to justify the notion that ungoverned spaces around the world posed a direct threat to global security.The George W Bush administration seized on this notion in its 2002 National Security Strategy stating that "America is now threatened less by conquering states than ... by failing ones. . . . Weak states, like Afghanistan, can pose as great a danger to our national interests as strong states."1 This policy direction was reinforced by the Obama administration, which, in its 2010 National Security Strategy, called for a renewal of U.S. leadership in "secur[ing] fragile states like Afghanistan and Haiti."2 The United States was not alone in its concern over the potential that failed states could sow discord far beyond their borders. Numerous other Western states and international agencies developed tailored strategies, bureaucratic units, and policy approaches to address the problem at its source through the construction of effective democratic states.State-building came to be seen as the principal mechanism to address the perceived threat of failed and fragile states. Bush's National Security Strategy stated that the best way to confront the danger of failed and fragile states was to encourage "free and open societies on every continent."3 Historian John Lewis Gaddis saw this commitment to liberal state- building as a valiant attempt to "finish the job Woodrow Wilson started" and believed that it represented "the most important reformulation of U.S. grand strategy in over half a century."4 It inaugurated what some have referred to as the "nation-building as the best defense" school.5Even though the extent of the proliferation of threats emanating from fragile and failing states (the contagion effect, so to speak) is increasingly being challenged in academic literature, there remains a wide consensus in the Western policy community that assisting troubled states and integrating them into the international security framework will deliver direct security benefits. The problem, however, is that the capacity of today's Western state-builders to nurture healthy and sustainable states in ungoverned or weakly governed spaces has been surprisingly limited, despite several decades of experience, beginning with the formative cases of postwar Germany and Japan. While those early test cases were successful, most of their lessons are not applicable given that today's failed states lack the wealth, bureaucratic know-how, human capital, and democratic traditions (even if limited) that favored success in postwar Germany and Japan.6The reasons behind the poor record of today's state-builders are hardly a mystery. Common trends can be identified in the post-mortems of several recent state-building experiments, from insufficient donor resource commitments to the internal contradictions of the liberal state-building paradigm itself. A part of the prevailing mythology of state-building is that it is largely an apolitical, nonideological, and technocratic enterprise. In reality, it is a deeply politicized and ideologically driven project, as much shaped by the interests of its donors as by the on- the-ground power dynamics of the recipient country. This lack of honesty, or perhaps this hubris, of today's liberal state-builders has marred the project's implementation.To adequately critique current statebuilding policy and practice and suggest new approaches, this article analyzes the evolution of exogenous state-building and deconstructs the different forms it has taken. …


The cost of resources and environment for economic growth in China is too large. From the perspective of property rights, this is because the cost of enterprises using environmental resources is often highly externalized. The "market failure" caused by this externality is the root cause of environmental degradation. This paper analyzes the implementation environment and practical significance of green credit from the perspective of economics, and reviews the relevant research literature, discusses the preliminary implementation of green credit in financing institution and the existing problems and risks of green credit from perspectives of tripartite duty, environmental assessment fairness and timeliness, institutional profit. Then the paper puts forward the policy proposal to further and better implement the green credit, try to use the third party supervision to construct the interest coordination mechanism, and use law, finance and taxation to promote the social responsibility of the main body and establish intellectual support platform and environmental data sharing information. Use these means to provide advisory reference for China to effectively carry out green credit, strengthen environmental protection and management, and implement ecological civilization strategy.


The determination of the positions of double bonds after dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) addition is presented for linear or branched di-unsaturated esters and a di-substituted γ lactone. Different DMDS derivatives are studied according to the number, n, of methylene groups separating the double bonds. For n=0, a mono derivative is obtained following treatment with DMDS; for n = 1, 2 or 3, a cyclic thioether is synthesized. For n=0, only one double bond is located after a classical cleavage. For n = 1, 2 and 3, a systematic fragmentation pathway is observed allowing the determination of the positions of the double bonds and the molecular structures of the compounds.


Objective:To study the radiation-induced breast tumor related factors of acute radiation pneumonia.Methods: To retrospectively analyze 88 cases of breast cancer patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) on the relation of acute radiation pneumonia and lung function,lung V30,sex,age,Karnofsky score,chemotherapy,histological type,smoking relationship.Results: Clinical symptoms of acute radiation pneumonitis were found in 10 cases,11.4%,of which 7 cases of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ grade 3 cases,there were imaging changes in 18 cases,20.5%.The basis of radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary function in patients with lung V30 and chemotherapy were related(P0.05).Conclusion: Chronic lung disease caused by abnormal pulmonary function in patients with the basis,radiotherapy after chemotherapy and 3DCRT treatment of lung V30 may cause acute radiation pneumonia.


The situation, in which an enormous risk is insured by a number of insurance companies, is modeled through a cooperative TU game, the socalled co-insurance game, first introduced in Fragnelli and Marina (2004). In this paper we show that a co-insurance game possesses several interesting properties that allow to study the nonemptiness and the structure of the core and to construct an efficient algorithm for computing the nucleolus.


Fish meal (FM) is the main protein source in aquaculture diets owing to its palatability and quality. Available quantities of FM have remained constant for the past several decades; however, demand has dramatically increased due to its inclusion in diets used for the global aquaculture industry. There are various alternative protein sources that can be used in aquaculture diets, with soyabean meal (SBM) being the most widely used plant protein ingredient; however, use of SBM as the sole protein source has often resulted in reduced fish growth. There is a growing segment of consumers who desire organically grown foods, and since Nile tilapia is one of the most-cultured fish in the world and has herbivorous/omnivorous feeding habits, Nile tilapia fed an organic diet may allow producers to enter this rapidly developing market. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the combination of organic SBM and an organic yeast extract (YE) as complete replacements for FM. Five isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets were fed to small (0.1 g) Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, for 6 weeks. Diets contained various percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) of YE, with Diet 1 formulated to be similar to a high-quality commercial diet containing 0% YE and 20% FM. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, fish fed Diet 1 had statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean final weight (3.99 g) and specific growth rate (8.48% day− 1), and a lower feed conversion ratio (1.40) than fish fed all other diets. Based upon the data, an organic diet which replaces FM with a combination of SBM and YE appears promising but further research is needed to refine formulation so as to have similar growth performance with a FM-based diet.


It is ostensibly so devoid of doubt in as much as trade holds the pad-lock to today and future local, economic, global and social growth and development. Perhaps, in conceptualizing human invention, e-trade posses a reasonable percentage of agreeable problems that seemingly overwhelms its applicably. The major thrust of the paper is to investigate some of these challenges and consternation. This research is in exhaustive, it is rather a tool for extensive investigation.


The design, growth, and characterizations of ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe semiconductor multilayer quantum-well structures for two-color quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) are reported. The energy band and quantum well states are computed in a ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe single quantum well for both infrared detection regions. The sample has been grown in a multichamber molecular beam epitaxy system. The good crystalline quality of sample and its lattice matching to the InP substrate are investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis. These structural measurements also confirm the good agreement between the design and the grown structure. The band-to-band and interband transition energies are experimentally determined by photoluminescence and contactless electroreflectance, respectively. The intersubband absorption spectra are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at room temperature. This multilayer structure represents a significant technological validation of the capabilities and potential of InP-based II-VI materials for engineering two-color QWIP devices. This paper provides a detailed methodology for the growth and in-depth characterization of such a complex high precision multilayered structure.


This paper focuses on the process and activities supporting professional development for scientistfellows and teachers in high school classroom environs. The GK-12 Program at UIUC has made it its goal to create a professional learning community where the fellows experience teaching roles from high school mentor/teacher experts; a teaming that often produces a shared vision of comprehensive, coherent, and integrated approaches to professional development and life-long learning. In turn, the teachers themselves mature, developing enhanced content mastery and team-work skills. Our efforts reflect a systematic effort to develop strategies to remedy the present disconnect between teacher preparation and teaching practice by addressing critical issues and needs surrounding preparation, enhancement, and retention of science, technology, and mathematics (STM) teachers for grades K-12. The GK-12 Program and its research sites: The National Science Foundation Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education (GK-12) Program supports teaching fellowships for graduate students in the sciences, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) disciplines. The GK-12 Program is a collaboration of three campuses: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, which is the lead institution), University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), and University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH) (http://gk12.ncsa.uiuc.edu). The graduate students collaborate with SMET and education faculty and participating K-12 teachers to integrate the use of computer-based modeling and scientific visualization in science and mathematics education. Responsibilities of these graduate students include visiting classrooms to observe, offering assistance to the collaborating teachers, and co-teaching courses with these teachers, as well as participating in program-related meetings and training sessions. Responsibilities of the faculty include mentoring the graduate students and the participating teachers. The goals of this GK-12 program include the following: (Jakobsson & Braatz, 2000): • Develop sustainable partnerships among SMET faculty, education faculty, and school districts through the participation of graduate students with math and science domain expertise. • Provide professional development opportunities for participating teachers and education faculty related to computer-based modeling, scientific visualization, and informatics. • Provide professional growth opportunities for aspiring scientists, mathematicians, and engineers, especially encouraging them to concern themselves with education at all levels. • Integrate computer-based modeling, scientific visualization, and informatics in K-12 classrooms. The GK-12 program in the first (2001-2002) and second (2002-2003) years at UIUC involved three public high schools and one vocational education school, and three public high schools in year three (2003-2004). These schools were in four geographically distributed cities in Illinois. Six GK-12 teams were placed in six classrooms within these settings. Each GK-12 team is comprised of a graduate fellow, a teacher, a university mentor, and an evaluator. The graduate fellows who are scientists-in-training and their collaborating teachers, however, make the core of each GK-12 program team. The graduate fellows (3 women, 3 men in years one and two; 4 women, 2 men in year three) in the first year at Illinois included a computer scientist teaching calculus in a high school classroom, a mathematician teaching college algebra in a vocational classroom, a molecular biologist teaching bioinformatics in an advanced placement high school biology classroom, another molecular biology fellow teaching bioinformatics in a freshman high school honors biology classroom, a chemist teaching molecular visualization in high school biology and chemistry classrooms, and an information scientist with a mechanical engineering background teaching heating, ventilation, air conditioning and repair in a vocational classroom. Year two, the program added a computer scientist working with a regular biology teacher and an environmental scientist working with both biology and chemistry classrooms. Two fellows graduated, earning positions in educational institutions. We are now in year three (2003-2004), and have added two computer science fellows: one in regular physics and chemistry-physics classes and another in an advanced computer science elective; one entomologist fellow partnered with regular and honors chemistry classes; and one social science fellow partnered with regular history classes. Science and Teaching: Tandem Actions It has been argued that learning to teach is best regarded as a continuum of programs and professional experiences (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 1999; National Research Council, 2000; Wilson, Floden, & Ferrini-Mundy, 2001). This teacher professional continuum begins with a teacher's K-12 experiences and continues with teacher preparation programs, instructional practice, professional development, leadership development, and other life and professional experiences. In particular, teacher preparation and professional development should be viewed as different parts of the same, complex, lifelong learning process. In reality, however, teacher preparation programs and professional development experiences are too often disjointed and, even worse, disconnected from classroom practice (Garet, Porter, DeSimone, Birman, & Yoon, 2001; Goodlad, 1990). This disconnect adversely impacts the teaching and learning in all subjects, of course; but is particularly apparent in K-12 science, technology, and mathematics (STM). According to the report from The National Commission on Mathematics and Science Teaching for the 21st Century (2000), entitled Before It's Too late, U.S. students are receiving only a superficial knowledge in today's classrooms. The report states: "In an age now driven by the relentless necessity of scientific and technological advance, the preparation our students receive in mathematics and science is, in a word, unacceptable. Despite our good intentions, their learning is too often superficial. Students' grasp of science as a process of discovery, and of mathematics as the language of scientific reasoning is often formulaic, fragile, or absent altogether" (p. 10). The report notes that the problem with current science education is that students are not required to master "big concepts that make science so powerful and fascinating" (The National Commission on Mathematics and Science Teaching for the 21st Century 2000). Training the teacher to teach "good science" may not be the issue; rather, it may be we need to train our teachers to learn "good science" and scientists to learn "good teaching." This is what GK-12 largely is established to do. One of the primary goals of the GK-12 Fellows program has been to mend the rifts between education theory and practice; between science and technology education and "real-world" scientists and practitioners. Why? Because focusing on bridging these gaps promotes quality STM teaching and learning. Improving the quality of STM teaching and learning in U.S. schools clearly requires a significant investment in the K-12 teaching workforce and its supporting infrastructure. It demands administrative support, flexibility, and interand intra-departmental teamwork at both the university and K-12 levels. It demands training and sustained support in technology tools that take into account androgogy as well as pedagogy, honoring the learner at all points in the learning continuum. After two and one-half years of data in the field; after countless site visits, interviews, surveys, and observations, we—with some degree of confidence—are suggesting a model of collaborative teaming that promotes a culture of authentic professional development. The GK-12 program aims to support the needs of STM teachers, and data thus far reveal the contributions and the challenges we face in making a difference. Our findings have allowed us an opportunity to identify factors that support success, while also identifying factors that contribute to less than quality teaching and learning. McLaughlin and Talbert (1993) found that when teachers were brought together for collaboration, they developed a body of knowledge and wisdom related to learning (as cited in Harnisch and Shope, 2003). What are termed "Professional Learning Communities," (PLCs) are built on shared goals and values; facilitate communication and collaboration about teaching and learning; and offer some means to assess the progress that is being made (Dufour and Baker, 1998). Professional Learning Communities empower teachers to better focus their planning and teaching, develop a common curriculum and better assessments, isolate areas of the curriculum that are not performing well, and motivate teachers to continually improve in their own professional development. (Dufour and Baker, 1998, p. 176-178; as cited in Harnisch and Shope.) There are certain convergences between PLCs as defined here, and the data we are analyzing within the context of the GK-12 Program.


Android's Inter-Component Communication (ICC) mechanism strongly relies on Intent messages. Unfortunately, due to the lack of message origin verification in Intents, implementing security policies based on message sources is hard in practice, and completely relies on the programmer's skill and attention. In this paper, we present a framework for automatically detecting Intent input validation vulnerabilities. We are thus able to highlight component fragments that expose vulnerable resources to possible malicious message senders. Most importantly, we advance the state of the art by developing a method to automatically demonstrate whether the identified vulnerabilities can be exploited or not, adopting a formal approach to automatically produce malicious payloads that can trigger dangerous behavior in vulnerable applications. We therefore eliminate the high rate of false positives common in previously applied methods. We test our methods on a representative sample of applications, and we find that 29 out of 64 tested applications are detected as potentially vulnerable, while 26 out of 29 can be automatically proven to be exploitable. Our experiments demonstrate the lack of exhaustive sanity checks when receiving messages from unknown sources, and stress the underestimation of this problem in real world application development.


The hot rolled strips for internal plates of automobile was developed by taking the technologies of low-carbon softening steel, including strictly control the chemical composition content during the steel melting and optimization of the rolling processes in the thin slab continuous casting and rolling line. The results showed that when carbon content was 0.04%, adding aluminum content or reducing silicon content and manganese content, reducing the reduction in previous rolling passes and increasing the reduction of the finishing pass at high temperature was beneficial for reducing the yield strength and tensile strength of the hot rolled strips. The precipitate of the samples after annealing showed that the precipitate of aluminum-nitride increased significantly at 850°C. And the texture of the samples after annealing showed that the main texture was {110} <001> and its intensity was 1.7-2.0, annealing with hot rolled strips did not benefit the advantageous texture. Tension-tension fatigue properties of hot rolled strips and cold rolled ones were determined, the results showed that the fatigue properties of hot rolling strips were rather higher than that of cold rolled ones. In the stamping experiments of some automobile parts, there was not any drawback, and the forming properties of hot rolling strips were equal to that of cold rolled ones. It was feasible to replace the cold rolled strips with the hot rolled ones for the internal plates of automobile.


As we know, the workplace and learning environments have been changed by the global pandemic of 2019. The workforce begins to navigate the new future of work; employers quickly realize that the systems, processes, and procedures before the pandemic may not be suitable for the organization now, not even the learning method in schools or colleges. More working or learning remotely requires more computers and the Internet; cybercrime also dramatically increases. This paper aims to synthesize and propose a Gamified Social Collaboration design via Mesh Community of Practice to Enhance Cybersecurity Awareness.


In Sparse Representation based Classification (SRC), the construction of the dictionary is very important for the sparse model. The atoms in the dictionary are hoped to be representative and discriminant. In this paper, we propose the face recognition with occlusion via support vector discrimination dictionary and Gabor occlusion dictionary based Sparse Representation Classification (SVGSRC). We apply support vector machine (SVM) scheme to train the non-occlusion dictionary, guaranteeing that the resulting dictionary can not only express testing samples from the same class, but also can reduce the interferene of samples of different classes; Meanwhile, we use the Gabor features to learn a compact occlusion dictionary. It will reduce the dimension and increase the sparsity. We put the method on the AR face database which has natural occlusion and USTB multimodal database. Compared with other SRC methods, according to the experimental results, the proposed method gets better performance on recognition rate.


Sequential extraction and physicochemical characterization of humic acids of different composts and their effect on wheat Humic substances (HS) in a compost, as well as their physicochemical characteristics, are responsible for their quality and the response of crops to their applications. The SH extraction by a single turmoil leaves a considerable amount of these compounds in the substrate, so the sequential extractions with different reagents can separate residual SH, resulting in a more realistic estimate of the quality of the compost. The objectives of this study were to assess the extraction capacity of HS in a sequential manner in four different composts, determine the functional groups and physico-chemical parameters of humic acids (HA), and evaluate their agronomic effects on wheat growth. Composts of maize stubble (MS), wheat straw (WS), fruit residues (FR) and cattle manure (CM), with six months of humification, were used. Sequential extraction was performed with 0.5 M NaOH, 0.1 M Na4P2O7, and 0.1 M NaF, and assessed the physicochemical properties of the obtained HA. Extraction yields were 21.7 % for MS, 15.3 % for WS, 16.9 % for FR, and 19.6 % for CM. The SH of the studied composts, showed significant differences (P≤0,05) in their properties, indicating different chemical constitution. Total dry biomass of wheat was not affected by the different doses of HA applied to the soil (P>0.05) which could be attributed to the short time that the crop was under the effect those substances.


Introduction Leiomyomas are rare benign tumors that can occur in the male urinary tract. We present a unique case of leiomyoma of the vas deferens. Case Description We present the clinical case of a 69-year-old patient with a suspected bulk close to the right epididymis, which turned out to be a leiomyoma of the vas deferens. To our knowledge, it is the fourth case in literature. Conclusions A proper identification and the knowledge of this pathology, even if it is a very unusual event, is necessary to avoid a surgical over treatment and preserve the testicle, by removing only the tumor.


The present invention relates to the field of biotechnology and food, pharmaceuticals, and in particular to provide a method of using the fungus glucosamine oligosaccharide is a ligand compound, glucooligosaccharides chromium complex and its preparation method to the preparation of trivalent chromium ions as the coordination center, glucooligosaccharides chromium complex prepared suitable chromium content, high stability, good water solubility, easily absorbed, Cr6 + ions free of free, non-toxic compound ligand dissociation side effects, high biological activity, simultaneously having GTF similar function and immunomodulatory effects of the active material.


Subject
 Equatorial Guinea energy prospects.

 Significance
 With the US market buying less of its gas, Equatorial Guinea's government is trying to revive its ailing economy and international status by finding new energy markets within Africa. Several events are planned next year showcasing the country's oil and gas potential, and ambitions as a regional energy hub. However, questions over the likely successor to 76-year-old President Teodoro Obiang cloud the picture.

 Impacts
 Should Teodorin Obiang succeed his father, he could remove his popular brother from the oil ministry.
 New oil entrants must consider the risk of regime change resulting in more resource-nationalist policies from a new president.
 Barring an uprising or coup, the ruling Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea is likely to dominate politics for the foreseeable future.


This paper seeks to understand the dynamics of career systems by exploring how the study of other complex systems can shed light on the complex careers that are becoming increasingly the norm. We begin by defining career systems as a set of work roles and the influx of people occupying those roles, within an organization or in "boundaryless" industries. Then, we explain numerous patterns in career systems—described as "self-organization"—through rigorous metaphors drawn from studies of "self-organized criticality" (Bak, 1995) and adaptation in interconnected networks (Kauffman, 1993). Implications for strategic human resource management and careers research are identified.


The GPS positioning involves not only 'natural' errors associated with the satellites position errors, refraction of EM wave in the ionosphere, etc., but also 'artificial' errors associated with the operation of S/A (Selective Availability). In this paper, we present the principles, accuracies and applicabilities of our personal DGPS method, which employs the position-correction method on the GPS positionings data collected at the reference and the remote sites. The essential requirement of our DGPS method is that two GPS receivers should utilize the identical Navstar satellites at the same time. The positioning error (1 drms) of the stand-alone GPS is of an order of a few tens meters, while that of horizontal position by our DGPS method is about 1m and that of vertical position is about 2m We applied out DGPS technique in positioning moving objects, and obtained satisfactory results in tracking the trajectories of a car on the road and the those of drifters in the sea.


Conservatory Measures in the matter of Melvin Charles Zwaig and Zwaig Associates Inc. Directions for Conservatory Measures to the Toronto-Dominion Bank. (February 27, 2009).


A novel concept, the neighbourhood small cell (NSC) network, has been brought up to provide high-capacity wireless communications in a cost-effective manner. The indoor small cells not only cover indoor users but are also considered open access to serve outdoor users through indoor to outdoor (I2O) propagations. In this correspondence, we facilitate the analytical performance evaluation for a pure NSC network system by deriving the distribution of the signal to interference ratio (SIR) and the outage probability in closed-form expressions. In the proposed system evaluation scheme, both the indoor penetration loss and the Nakagami-$m$ fading are taken into account. Numerical results obtained in a typical urban scenario show that the system performance of a pure NSC network depends on the propagation environment, the indoor building structures and the layout of the neighbourhood significantly.


At present, in open sources of social networks and mass media every second there is a huge amount of information, the analysis of which can significantly effect both the activities of corporations, industries, and the social and political life of citizens. Our article describes the
 processes occurring in online media and social networks, the characteristics of natural and controlled information dissemination. This paper reviews and classifies mass systems for analyzing social networks, as well as users of similar systems of analysis. These are systems for commercial
 organizations, systems designed for use by public authorities, defence and law enforcement agencies, research developments for analyzing social networks. Currently, the most developed systems for analyzing social networks are systems for commercial organizations. Examples of experimental studies
 of social networks by the Russian company InfoWatch Kribrum are given. In conclusion, a comparative analysis of the considered systems is given and conclusions are made about their advantages and disadvantages.


The political agenda-setting literature has extensively demonstrated that issues receiving more media attention rank higher on the political agenda as well. Scholars now try to get grip on the mechanisms underlying these findings. This paper focuses on the media's informational function as a driver of political agenda-setting processes. It studies the extent to which politicians, when reacting to media information, really learn about the information from the media—as opposed to instances where the media function as an amplifier rather than as the true source of policy-relevant information. The matter is investigated by means of a survey with Members of Parliament (MPs) in Belgium, Canada, and Israel (N = 376). We confronted the MPs with news stories that had recently been in the media, asking them whether they undertook political action on the news story and whether they knew about the news story before it appeared in the media. We show that politicians mostly knew about the information before it appeared in the media—but that there is variation between politicians and types of action in this respect.


Macrochelid mites have developed phoretic interactions with coprophilous arthropods in order to disperse and colonize new substrate. Macrocheles saceri (Acari: Mesostigmata) is a mite phoretically specialized on the dung beetles of the Scarabaeus genus. A previous study has demonstrated that M. saceri can discriminate among available hosts and showed host preferences using the host cuticular material. In this present study, we have compared the cuticular chemicals including the volatiles present among several species of Scarabaeus and Bubas genera. By comparing the host chemical profiles to the host preferences, several hypotheses regarding the role of some of these volatile chemicals in host discrimination based on attractiveness and repellency, are proposed.


In Hawaii, Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, populations at low elevations have been displaced to higher elevation hosts by oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. That displacement, however, is not complete, as C. capitata coexists with B. dorsalis at a number of low elevation sites. Turkeyberry, Solanum torvum Sw, is a lower elevation noxious weed that has been spreading in Hawaii. Tephritid fruit fly infestation of this plant is predominantly by Bactrocera latifrons. However, turkey- berry fruits in Hawaii can also be infested by oriental fruit fly and, reported here for the first time, by Mediterranean fruit fly . If S. torvum continues to spread in Hawaii, it will continue to be a potential low elevation wild host for C. capitata as well as for B. dorsalis and B. latifrons.


OF THE THESIS EFFECTS OF NUTRITION EDUCATION ON THE NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE OF FUTURE AEROBIC DANCE INSTRUCTORS by Abbe Michelle Breiter Florida International University, 1997 Miami, Florida Professor Fatma G. Huffman, Major Professor The effectiveness of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge of future aerobic instructors was studied. Forty-seven subjects participated in the study. The experimental group (n=31) chose to and paid for a two-hour per week session of structured nutrition education for four weeks, the control group (n=16) did not. A nutrition knowledge test was completed by all subjects before and after the intervention. Results were analyzed for relationships between subject's nutrition knowledge and age, gender, educational background, income, and body mass index. No significant differences were found between the groups. The results showed that prior to any formal nutrition education, fitness instructors in the experimental and control groups had low nutrition knowledge (8.06% 16.4% and 4.38%+4.12%, respectively). Post-intervention nutrition knowledge significantly improved (p<0.001) for the experimental group (42.6%119.3%) as compared to the control group (8.5% 19.5). Thirty-one out of fifty questions showed significant improvement for experimental subjects (p <0.05). The data suggest that with formal nutrition education, the nutrition knowledge of future aerobic instructors can be significantly improved.


The first stage of a two-stage research project on the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and strategic business planning (SBP) is described. Based on data collected from senior human resource executives in 10 Cleveland area companies, a typology of HRM-SBP linkages is developed. Factors which appear to influence the extent of HRM-SBP integration are identified and discussed. An agenda for future research is provided.


Mental Experiment regarding 1D random walk Consider a container of gas in thermal equilibrium and introduce a very small amount of the labeled gas ("special" gas) at a single spot in the container. The molecules are moving only by random motion as per the kinetic theory of gases. The "special" or labeled gas molecules are identical in properties to the rest of the gas. To further simplify the treatment without loss in generality let us focus on a phenomenon occurring in one dimension along the x-axis. We assume that in the other directions perpendicular to xaxis there are no concentration gradients of the special gas. Consider now an imaginary plane of unit area A