The classes of functions $# \textit{PSPACE}$ and $\natural \textit{PSPACE}$ that are analogous to the class $# P$ are defined. Functions in $# \textit{PSPACE}$ count the number of accepting computations of a nondeterministic polynomial space bounded Turing machine, and functions in $\natural \textit{PSPACE}$ count the number of accepting computations of nondeterministic polynomial space bounded Turing machines that on each computation path make at most a polynomial number of nondeterministic choices. In contrast to what is known about $# P$, exact characterizations of both $# \textit{PSPACE}$ and $\natural \textit{PSPACE}$ are found. In particular, $# PSPACE = FSPACE$ (the class of functions computable in polynomial space) and $\natural PSPACE = FSPACE (poly)$ (the class of functions computable in polynomial space with output length bounded by a polynomial). Both $# \textit{PSPACE}$ and $\natural \textit{PSPACE}$ can be characterized by counting problems related to alternating Turing machines. Both $# \te...


Background: Although social, behavioral, and health factors correlate with depressive symptoms, less is known about these links among economically disadvantaged African American (AA) older adults. Objective: To study social, behavioral, and health correlates of depressive symptoms among economically disadvantaged AA older adults. Methods: This survey was conducted in South Los Angeles between 2015 and 2018. A total number of 740 AA older adults (age ≥55 years) were entered to this study. Independent variables were gender, age, educational attainment, financial difficulties, living alone, marital status, smoking, drinking, chronic medical conditions (CMCs), and pain intensity. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms. Linear regression model was used to analyze the data. Results: Age, financial difficulties, smoking, CMCs, and pain intensity were associated with depressive symptoms. Gender, educational attainment, living arrangement, marital status, and drinking were not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Factors such as age, financial difficulties, smoking, CMCs, and pain may inform programs that wish to screen high risk economically disadvantaged AA older adults for depressive symptoms.


School gardens can positively impact academic curriculum, as well as enhance communication among students, families, and their communities. The Monogreens Gardening and Nutrition Education Program, an example of a successful school gardening project, was established in 1998 in the small, remote, rural community of Lee Vining, California. This qualitative research investigation used interviews and surveys of school staff (N=12) and community members (N=51) to identify the barriers and benefits to the development and continuation of this garden‐enhanced nutrition education program. All teachers were aware that the Monogreens garden was available for enhancement of core instruction (100%) and a majority used the garden as a teaching tool (83%). Lack of time (67%) and lack of garden based curricula or educational materials (33%) were cited as the most common barriers to use of the garden for instruction. Data from the community survey showed a high participation rate in the Monogreens Program (24%). The results of this evaluation further support the idea that garden based education can be an effective means for incorporating nutrition into the core academic subject areas. This evaluation should assist other groups in the development of a garden‐based nutrition education program in their school communities.


The oldest of all the shaft specifications is flex. Once the production problems had been overcome which enabled steel shafts to become a reality, early steel shaft manufacturers began to experiment with producing shafts, which possessed different amounts of resistance to bending. Through the 70 years of shaft design that have followed the introduction of the steel shaft, companies have produced particular patterns of shafts with as many as 15 different flexes! What began with only regular and stiff, has now evolved into five basic flexes; Ladies, Amateur (known as Senior or Flexible), Regular, Stiff and EXtra Stiff. The letter that is highlighted within the designation identifies each flex level.


Objective To discuss the progressive treatment of urethral stricture after the failure with regular urethral dilatation. [Methods] 17 urethral stricture patients were undergone direct vision filiform probe dilatation. [Results] Direct vision filiform probe dilatation has been successful in all 17 cases, of whom 15 with period urethral dilatation, the other two who need to dilate urethra frequently to maintain voiding function were proceed internal urethrotomy. [Conclusions] Direct vision filiform probe dilatation is a simple, safe and effective method and the first choice of treatment for urethral stricture after the failure with regular urethral dilatation. Those who depending on frequent urethral dilatation to maintain voiding function need internal urethrotomy.


Advances in deep learning have resulted in steady progress in computer vision with improved accuracy on tasks such as object detection and semantic segmentation. Nevertheless, deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, thus presenting a challenge in reliable deployment. Two of the prominent tasks in 3D scene-understanding for robotics and advanced driver assistance systems are monocular depth and pose estimation, often learned together in an unsupervised manner. While studies evaluating the impact of adversarial attacks on monocular depth estimation exist, a systematic demonstration and analysis of adversarial perturbations against pose estimation are lacking. We show how additive imperceptible perturbations can not only change predictions to increase the trajectory drift but also catastrophically alter its geometry. We also study the relation between adversarial perturbations targeting monocular depth and pose estimation networks, as well as the transferability of perturbations to other networks with different architectures and losses. Our experiments show how the generated perturbations lead to notable errors in relative rotation and translation predictions and elucidate vulnerabilities of the networks.11Code can be found at https://github.com/NeurAI-Lab/mono-pose-attack.


Given is the outcome s of S∼B(n,p) (n known, p fully unknown) and two numbers 0 (s) of the hypotheses H : p>b, such that their sum is equal to 1. The degenerate case a=b(=c) is of special interest. A method, optimal with respect to a class of functions, is derived under Neyman–Pearsonian restrictions, and applied to a case from medicine.


Multilevel-thresholding is an efficient method used in image segmentation. This paper presents a hybrid meta-heuristic approach for multi-level thresholding image segmentation by integrating both the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and the sine-cosine algorithm (SCA). The proposed algorithm, called ABCSCA, is applied to segment images and it utilizes Otsu's function as the objective function. The proposed ABCSCA uses ABC to optimize the threshold and to reduce the search region. Thereafter, the SCA algorithm uses the output of ABC to determine the global optimal solution, which represents the thresholding values. To evaluate the performance of the proposed ABCSCA, a set of experimental series is performed using nineteen images. In the first experimental series, the proposed ABCSCA is assessed at the low threshold levels and compared with the ABC and SCA as traditional methods. Moreover, the second experimental series aims to evaluate the ABCSCA at high threshold levels and it is compared with six algorithms in addition to the SCA and ABC. Besides, the proposed method is evaluated using the fuzzy entropy. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and showed that it outperforms other algorithms in terms of performance measures, such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM).


Background: Floods are the most common type of natural disaster, which have a negative impact on mental health. Following floods, survivors are vulnerable to develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Aim: The aim is to study the psychiatric morbidity in the persons affected by floods during December 2015. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in Chennai and Cuddalore. In total, 223 persons who were directly exposed to floods were assessed. PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version, Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Scale (WHO-5) were used in the study. Chi-square test was used to compare the means. Results: Overall, psychiatric morbidity was found to be 45.29%; 60 (26.9%) persons had symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was found in 48 (27.4%) and depression was found in 101 (45.29%) persons; and 11 (4.9%) persons have reported an increase in substance abuse. Conclusion: Following disaster like floods, there is a need for better preparedness in terms of basic necessities and medical and psychological assistance, particularly emphasizing the needs of older persons in order to prevent the development of psychiatric problems.


S-Glutathionyl-hydroquinone reductases (GSHQRs) are a new class of glutathione transferases, widely present in bacteria, halobacteria, fungi, and plants. They catalyze glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of GStrichloro-p-hydroquinone to trichloro-p-hydroquinone. Since GS-trichloro-p-hydroquinone is uncommon in nature, the extensive presence of GS-HQRs suggests they use common GS-hydroquinones. Here we demonstrate that several benzoquinones spontaneously reacted with GSH to form GS-hydroquinones via Michael addition, and four GS-HQRs from yeast and bacteria reduced the GS-hydroquinones to the corresponding hydroquinones. The spontaneous and enzymatic reactions led to the reduction of benzoquinones to hydroquinones with the concomitant oxidation of GSH to oxidized glutathione (GS-SG). The enzymes did not use GS-benzoquinones or other thiol-hydroquinones, for example, S-cysteinylhydroquinone, as substrates. Apparent kinetic parameters showed the enzymes preferred hydrophobic, bulky substrates, such as GS-menadiol. The broad substrate range and their wide distribution suggest two potential physiological roles: channeling GShydroquinones back to hydroquinones and reducing benzoquinones via spontaneous formation of GS-hydroquinones and then enzymatic reduction to hydroquinones. The functions are likely important in metabolic pathways with quinone intermediates. G reductases (GSHQRs) are common in bacteria, halobacteria, fungi, and plants. They are related to several classes of newly discovered glutathione transferases (GST) within the cytosolic GST superfamily. Unlike other classes of the GST superfamily, the new classes have little glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity but catalyze GSH-dependent reductions. The Lambda-class GSTs perform only GSH-dependent thioltransferase reactions, and the dehydroascorbate reductases catalyze both dehydroascorbate reduction and thioltransferase reactions. The Omegaclass GSTs and GS-HQRs are more similar, catalyzing GSHdependent thioltransferase reactions as well as the reduction of dehydroascorbate and dimethylarsinate. However, although the Omega-class GSTs reduce substrates such as S-(phenacyl) glutathione, they do not reduce GS-trichloro-p-hydroquinone (GS-TriCH). In contrast, GS-HQRs can reduce GS-TriCH to TriCH at the expense of GSH. Members of the two classes share less than 20% sequence identity. Structural characterization of a GS-HQR (PcGHR1) of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium has revealed structural differences of GS-HQRs from other GSTs. The enzyme has a new homodimerization mode, and its catalytic site is buried by a long N-terminal coil instead of open. Thus, GS-HQRs represent a new class of GSTs with special activities and unique structural properties. Meux et al. have proposed a new GST class xi for GS-HQRs. PcpF is the first characterized GS-HQR, and it plays a maintenance role in pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation by Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 29327. Tetrachloro-phydroquinone is a metabolic intermediate, and PcpC, a GST, converts it to TriCH and then dichloro-p-hydroquinone (DiCH) with concomitant oxidation of GSH to oxidized glutathione (GS-SG). When a Cys residue at the active site of PcpC is oxidized, the oxidatively damaged PcpC produces GSTriCH and GS-DiCH conjugates, which are not substrates for PcpC. PcpF channels the conjugates back to TriCH and DiCH, respectively, with the coconsumption of GSH. When pcpF is inactivated, the S. chlorophenolicum mutant degrades PCP more slowly than the wild type does. GS-TriCH and GS-DiCH are expected to accumulate and to be toxic to the pcpF mutant. The chlorohydroquinones are metabolic intermediates of PCP, which was first introduced into the environment as a wood preservative in the 1930s. Because several tested GSHQRs all reduced GS-TriCH, they are expected to use naturally occurring GS-hydroquinones. Benzoquinones spontaneously react with GSH via Michael addition to form GS-hydroquinones (reduced form) (Figure 1, step 2). In addition, benzoquinones and GS-benzoquinones can be reduced by NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes (Figure 1 step 1 reverse). Since benzoquinones can damage biological Received: April 13, 2012 Published: June 11, 2012 Accelerated Publication pubs.acs.org/biochemistry © 2012 American Chemical Society 5014 dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi300477z | Biochemistry 2012, 51, 5014−5021 molecules by forming covalent bonds at nucleophilic sites via Michael addition, their spontaneous reaction with GSH and their reduction by enzymes are likely detoxifying mechanisms. Hydroquinones are subject to autoxidation (Figure 1 step 1), which is a complex process with the formation of semiquinones, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide. Because GS-hydroquinones are more prone to autoxidation than the corresponding hydroquinones, the conjugates are expected to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and be more harmful. Literature on the formation and toxicity of GS-hydroquinones is extensive. Rat kidney necrosis that is observed after administration of bromobenzene, o-bromophenol, or 2-bromop-hydroquinone is attributed to 2-bromo-S-(diglutathionyl)hydroquinone, which is formed in the liver and subsequently transported to the kidney. Toxicity of 2-bromo-S-(diglutathionyl)-hydroquinone is linked to its ability to generate ROS that cause DNA damage. Hydroquinone is transformed to mono-, di-, tri-GS-hydroquinones in rats, and the conjugates have been linked to kidney damage. Hydroquinone is a metabolite of benzene and phenol and is present in the smoke of cigarettes. Nonenzymatic formation of GS-menadione (3glutathionyl-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone or thiodione) from menadione (vitamin K3) and GSH is accompanied by ROS formation in perfused rat liver. Thus, GS-hydroquinones may be responsible elevated ROS formation in vivo. Mammals do not have GS-HQRs; however, GS-hydroquinones are pumped out of cells and carried in blood to kidney, where they are converted to N-acetyl-cysteinyl-Sconjugates (mercapturic acids) and released in the urine. GSHQRs are common in bacteria, halobacteria, fungi, and plants, suggesting that they may convert GS-hydroquinones back to hydroquinones (Figure 1, step 3), which can be further metabolized, thus minimizing the toxicity of quinones and quinone-conjugates. A GS-HQR in P. chrysosporium (PcGHR1) is reported to reduce both GS-hydroquinone (GS-HQ) and GS-menadione with the coconsumption of GSH. In this study, we characterized the formation of several GS-hydroquinones, proved the enzymatic reduction of the conjugates by three bacterial GS-HQRs and one yeast GS-HQR, and determined apparent kinetic parameters. The results point to the general ability of GS-HQRs to reduce a broad range of GShydroquinones, providing clues about the physiological role of GS-HQRs. ■ EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Chemicals. All chemicals were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI), Fisher Scientific Co. (Pittsburgh, PA), or Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). GS-HQRs and hGSTO1-1. Recombinant PcpF, EcYqjG of Escherichia coli, CnYqjG of Cupriavidus necator (formerly Ralstonia eutropha) JMP134, ECM4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) and hGSTO1-1 (human omega class GST 1) were produced in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) as fusion proteins with a C-terminal His6-Tag and purified with Ni nitrilotriacetate−agarose resin as previously reported. The purified proteins were stable for several months when stored in 40 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) with 1 mM dithiothreitol and 10% glycerol at −80 °C. GS-Hydroquinone Preparation. Stock solutions of benzoquinones and hydroquinones were prepared in ethanol at 100 mM, except menadione at 25 mM because of its low solubility. GSH stock was 200 mM in distilled water. GShydroxy-p-hydroquinone (GS-HHQ) was prepared with HHQ as the starting material. HHQ (100−500 μM) was autoxidized to hydroxy-p-benzoquinone (HBQ) in 40 mM Tris buffer (pH 8) at 23 °C in about 15 min. Excess (1 mM) GSH was then added to produce GS-HHQ, which occurred spontaneously and instantaneously. Immediately, NaBH4 was added to 1 mM to prevent autoxidation of GS-HHQ. When equal volumes of 200 mM GSH and 25 mM menadione stock solutions were mixed, the reaction took about 30 min to reach more than 95% completion. The produced GS-menadiol was not stable and was autoxidized to GS-menadione in the reaction mixture. The mixture was then kept on ice and was used within 60 min. GSmenadione was added to 40 mM Tris buffer (pH 8) ranging from 5 to 200 μM, and NaBH4 (1 M stock in distilled water) was added to 1 mM to reduce it to GS-menadiol, which was immediately used for enzyme assays. GS-hydroquinone (GSHQ) and GS-methylhydroquinone (GS-MHQ) were readily prepared by mixing GSH with p-benzoquinone (BQ) or methyl-p-benzoquinone (MBQ) in the 40 mM Tris Buffer. The reactions were completed in less than 1 min, and GS-MHQ and GS-HQ were stable for at least 30 min at room temperature and several hours on ice with no use of NaBH4. UV/vis Spectrum Analysis. All reactions were done in 1 mL of 40 mM Tris buffer (pH 8) with 1 mM GSH in quartz cuvette with 1 cm light path at 23 °C. The spectra of 100 μM GS-hydroquinones were recorded, and then 50 μg of the tested GS-HQR was added. Spectra were continuously recorded at 1min intervals. The reactions were completed within 10 min. The maximal changes after enzymatic reduction of GS-HHQ, GS-MHQ, GS-HQ, and GS-menadiol were at 305, 307, 309, and 260 nm, respectively. Thus, the enzymatic reactions were monitored by absorption changes at the wavelengths for the corresponding compounds. The absorption changes for the enzymatic conversion of 100 μM GS-hydroquinones to hydroquinones were determined and used to calculate the reaction coefficients. Kinetic Analysis. The enzymatic reactions were monitored at 305, 307, 309, and 260 nm for GS-HHQ, GS-MHQ, GS-HQ, and GS-menadiol, respectively, in 40 mM Tris buffer (pH 8) at 23 °C. The initial rates were calculated from the absorptio


Health care workers are at high risk of coronavirus infection due to direct contact with patients and the predominant airborne COVID- 19 transmission route Radiographers are among the first-line medical personnel to come into contact with patients who have fallen ill Lack of a technician directly affects the radiology departments' performance, as it requires either a search for a new employee or a radiologist to perform the examination, which slows down work and increases the risk of stopping the department Objective To estimate the change in the proportion of dropped out radiographers after the department division into «clean» and «dirty» zones Material and methods Radiographers and other medical personnel performing patient positioning (aides) were included in the study Dropped out employees were divided into three groups: Group 1 - radiographers before the implementation of outpatient CTcenters (working in the scan room and control room at the same time from 01 02 20 to 10 04 20);Group 2 - radiographers in outpatient CT centers (did not contact patients, working in the control room, a «clean» area, from 11 04 20 to 24 06 20);Group 3 - aides (welcomed and positioned the patients on the CT table, working in the scan room, a «dirty» area, from 11 04 20 to 24 06 20) The study included medical staff in Moscow city outpatient clinics, working in computer tomography rooms from 01 02 20 to 24 06 20 We excluded outpatient CT centers employees where Group 2 had contact with Group 3 (automatically contaminating the second group) or incomplete data points from the study Results Before the pandemic, 90 radiographers (71 women and 19 men, mean age 52 97±5 31 years) worked in outpatient CT rooms The total number of nursing staff during the pandemic was 201 people In Group 2, the share of temporary leaves was 8 7% In Groups 1 and 3, it was 42 2 and 38 8%, respectively As a result, the proportion of dropped out radiographers after the introduction of outpatient CT centers decreased by 33 5% compared to the period before the deployment of outpatient CT centers Conclusion Changes in the workflow of the radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a justified increase in the number of CT room staff by introducing aides, termination of radiographers' contacts with patients to reduce the risk of infection, a decrease of the department shutdown risk, and also served as a basis for increasing the capacity by splitting the functionality of a single unit, which usually rests on the shoulders of a single employee © 2020, Media Sphera Publishing Group All rights reserved


This work deals with the grasses of 'The Upper Gangetic Plain', covering an area of approximately 196,000 square miles, namely the states of Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Ajmer-Merwara, East Rajasthan, Vindhya Pradesh and Madhya Bharat (Places above 2,300 ft. have been excluded ). After discussing some aspects of ecology and the evolution of the grasses, forest and grassland climates, indicator value of grasses, grazing problems and improvement of fodder supplies, two hundred and fifty species belonging to about one hundred genera found in the area have been enumerated. Since considerable nomenclatural confusion exists in the Gramineae, efforts have been made to follow the rules of nomenclature and to adopt the most recent names as far as practicable. Three new names, viz., Erianthus procerum (Roxb.) Raizada, Themeda longispatha ( Hack. ) Raizada et Jain and Cymbopogon stracheyi (Hk. f.) Raizada et Jain have been proposed. The present work is based chiefly on the material deposited in the Dehra Dun Herbarium and is the first consolidated account of the Gramineae of 'The Upper Gangetic Plain, and of the adjacent Siwalik and the Sub-Himalayan tracts'.


The Southern area of China especially Guandong Province has been troubled in Water hyacinth growing for many years, how to make full use of the materials reasonably is very important in Water hyacinth issue. In this paper we used the dry Water hyacinth as raw materials to grow the Straw mushroom and the Oyster mushroom. The results showed that the mushroom grew well on the treatment with 48% and 35.59% Water hyacinth, the biological efficiency was 14.4% of straw mushroom and the Oyster mushroom with 76.3%. And the fruit body Heavy metal(As、Pb、Hg) contents are conform to the national standard, the water hyacinth can be used as a raw material for mushroom cultivation.


ABSTRACT Repeated measurements designs (RMD) are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences, and psychology. If there is a restriction on the total number of treatments, some experimental units can receive on the total length of time while some experimental units can remain in the trial, then RMD in periods of unequal sizes should be used. In this article, some infinite series are developed to generate the minimal circular strongly balanced RMD in periods of three different sizes p1, p2, and p3, where 2 ≤ p3 < p2 ≤ 10.


Spatial information grid(SIG) is a spatial information infrastructure that has the capability of providing services on-demand.In this paper,agent technology is adopted to construct a SIG framework,which contains three layers: users/applications layer,agent services layer and information layer.Different applications can get their spatial information via agent services,and agent services make the procedure of navigating and accessing spatial information transparent to users.Also,the implementation issues of the framework are discussed.


The article addresses the example of Kemerovo Region to discuss the key problems of tourism development in an industrial region within the declared strategy of transition to post-industrial economy. The authors analyze a number of key factors hindering the development of tourism, namely: the geographical position, the development of transport, the region's «image», the existing tourist products, the position of tourism industry in the region's economy, the attitude of the local authorities and business to the tourism industry, etc. The article outlines the basic problems of tourism development in the region where the key role in the economy belongs to large enterprises of extractive and processing industries.


The international Wadden Sea Region has developed to a mature tourism destination, but where to should it be heading in the future? That is the main issue of this paper. The tourism infrastructure of the international Wadden Sea Region, from the Dutch city of Den Helder, along the German island of Borkum and Sylt to the Danish Fano and Esbjerg is well-developed and yearly millions of visitors come to the area. The basis for this successful development is its natural attractivity: the Wadden Sea Islands with their sandy dunes and beaches, the open space and wetlands with its many birds and seals, the clean air and the peace and quiet which can be found (Sijtsma et al., 2012). The natural assets are also core of its World Heritage status and several nature protection regimes. However, as Butler (1980) has stressed so convincingly using the tourism area life cycle (TALC) framework, the success of tourism destination cannot be taken for granted: decline may occur due to increased competition from other destinations or further development may turn out to be unsustainable for several reasons. Furthermore, tourism is not the only activity in the Wadden Sea Region, there's fisheries, agriculture, mining of natural gas and energy power plants, car construction and maritime transport and logistics serving the urban hinterland. Each of these sector also faces sustainability challenges. Many policies are in place which somehow try to reach a more sustainable development of the trilateral Wadden Sea Region (Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, 2014), including its tourism, but reality is complex.


Compared to smooth surfaces, droplet spreading on porous surfaces is more complex and has relevance in many engineering applications. In this work, we investigate the infiltration dynamics of molten sand droplets on structured porous surfaces using the multiphase many-body dissipative particle dynamics (mDPD) method. We carry out three-dimensional simulations with different equilibrium contact angles and surface porosities. The temporal evolution of the radius of the wetted area follows a power law, as in the case of a smooth surface. The infiltration rate on the other hand is dictated by the competition between spreading and capillary inhibition of the pores. Additionally, the temporal evolution of the droplet height and the contact angle on the porous surface is also presented.


Desheng ZhangAYT Corporation, Brook Park, OhioGregory J. FollenGlenn Research Center, Cleveland, OhioWilliam R. PavlikAYT Corporation, Brook Park, OhioChan M. KimGlenn Research Center, Cleveland, OhioXianyou LiuAYT Corporation, Brook Park, OhioTammy M. Blaser and Isaac LopezGlenn Research Center, Cleveland, OhioPrepared for the10th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computingsponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersSan Francisco, California, August 7-9, 2001National Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationGlenn Research Center


The performance of near-field microwave radiometry systems to measure non-invasively the temperature distribution inside dielectric objects is analyzed. A rigorous solution based on the Green's function theory and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is pursued to determine the power received by an aperture antenna located at the near field of the object to be measured. Resolution properties of this measurement technique are considered to estimate its imaging capabilities. The performance of antennas located at different distances from the object to be measured are examined. It is shown that contacting type antennas are superior as far as imaging properties are considered. Numerical results are presented for several cases.


The large scale permeability experiment carried out in Stripa (Sweden) is a test for measuring the average permeability of a very large quantity of fractured rock with low permeability. Measurements are made of the flow in a 33 M gallery and of the surrounding pressure. This experiment will also make it possible to evaluate the basic volume representative of the Stripa granite. The problems of characterizing the field of pressure comprise the disturbances due to drainage in the mine and the unknown data of the fracture system. To measure the pressure, 15 boreholes were drilled and fitted with 94 packers and 90 pressure gauges. The flow in the gallery is evaluated by evaporation of the seeping water in the ventilation air by means of measurements of the variation in the water vapour content between the incoming and outgoing air. With this aim in view the gallery was made waterproof, and barometric pressure measurements were carried out together with measurements of air velocity in the evacuation conduit and air temperature with a wet and dry reservoir at the entrance and exit. Several months are needed to reach near-equilibrium of flow and pressure. (TRRL)


The utility model relates to a safety mineral lamp, which is characterized in that a lithium ion battery is adopted, and an LED luminous tube is used as a light source. The lithium ion battery, the luminous tube and a circuit board are arranged into an integrative structure. The integrative arrangement means that an integrated plastic case is arranged. A battery box which is used for fixing a battery and the circuit board is positioned at the upper part of the plastic case. A lamp cap is positioned at the lower part of the plastic case. The back board of the plastic case is positioned at the back of the lamp cap and is provided with a buckle connecting mouth and a charging jack. By the integrative structure, the utility model can be directly inserted and hung on various safety caps when the utility model is used, or the utility model can be grasped in hand, tied at the waist or hung in front of the chest without the scraping and tearing restraint of the cable. The use of the utility model is easy, safe and reliable.


G e o r g T h i e m e V e r l a g K G , R ü d i g e r s t r a ß e 1 4 , 7 0 4 6 9 S t u t t g a r t , G e r m a n y 1381 Y . H U , Z . Z H A N G , J . Z H A N G , Y . L I U , I . D . G R I D N E V , W . Z H A N G * ( S H A N G H A I J I A O T O N G U N I V E R S I T Y , P . R . O F C H I N A ) Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C=N Bonds Enabled by Assisted Coordination and Nonbonding Interactions Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 15767–15771.


Elsa Reichmanis presented a lecture at the Nano@Tech Meeting on January 28, 2014 at 12 noon in room 102 of the Pettit Microelectronics Research Building, Georgia Tech.


The objective of this project is to analyze the impact of the properties of the silentblocks of the front and rear suspension of a vehicle on its dynamic response. The main function of the suspension's silentblocks has always been to absorb vibrations due to irregularities of the road, so that they don't reach the cabin of the car and, in this way, improve the comfort for the passengers. However, some recent studies have proven that not only do they affect the cabin comfort, but they also have a direct impact in the way the car behaves in certain dynamic conditions, such as lateral displacements or obstacle's overtaking. Some studies have been made to estimate this influence. Nevertheless, most of them cover very generic situations. The aim of this work is, therefore, the development of an in-depth study of the influence of each of the mechanical properties of each of these components in the vertical, roll, and lateral response of a vehicle. To do so, ADAMS/Car software was used. This software permits the development of complex realistic car multibody systems through a variety of prebuilt templates provided by the software. It is then possible to make this model perform a series of tests to evaluate these responses. In order to develop the realistic model, it was necessary to test real components of the vehicle, such as the springs, dampers, and the silentblocks, in order to obtain their real characteristics. A second model was created to validate the work by comparing with previous works. This second model has some simplifications from the previous one including linear components and high rigidities in suspension parameters. After validating these results, the application to the real vehicle was done, and the influence, much more complex in this scenario, was analyzed.


The adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions onto laboratory-synthesized oxide surfaces has been studied extensively, while adsorption onto heterogeneous field materials has been studied far less. One of the major challenges in applying the laboratory-based models to field materials is the estimation of the number of {open_quotes}active{close_quotes} adsorption sites from some easily measured property of the sorbent. In this study we have taken a surface-complexation diffuse-layer model developed for the adsorption of uranyl ion onto ferrihydrite and have applied it to the adsorption of uranyl ion onto 25 samples of iron-coated silica sands with a systematic variation in iron oxide content. For all 25 field samples, good agreement of the laboratory-based model with the pH-dependent adsorption data was found; the number of adsorption sites of the field samples, per mole of DCB extractable iron, correlate well with the number of adsorption sites of synthetic ferrihydrate, per mole of total iron.


Based on the understanding of the essence,characteristics and function of literature,the Association of Qiancao-Chengzhong has clear dual tendency.The forming of this duality in literature view originates from the cultural ideological system establishing from the mixture of Chinese and Western culture.It emphasizes that art is for the sake of art when it starts from the individual value of ego-based and takes the awakening mind itself as expressing objects;However,it prefers that art is for the sake of life when it starts from the ethic of humanitarianism and concerns the outside world.Although the theory of duality in literature view seems immature,it has positive significance in age and literature environment of the time.


SUMMARY

Due to ill-conditioning and the presence of noise in the data, tomographic inversion by traditional techniques usually requires some sort of smoothing, either to filter out small-scale variations in the solution which are beyond the resolution of the data or to produce smooth background models during the iterative inversion procedure. We shall describe the use of α-trimmed means for smoothing computed tomograms. The α-trimmed means range continuously from the median to the mean. They are all efficient computationally and can be tailored to smooth the tomogram without destroying sharp geological features, such as faults and reflecting layers, and without introducing artifacts. Further, the median and trimmed means close to it are statistically robust in the sense that they reject bursts of noise whereas the mean simply averages the noise into the solution and can therefore be adversely affected by outliers in the data. All of these filters can be applied directly to the computed tomogram after solution, or during the solution phase as a means to stabilize the inversion.


DMP 266, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has been effective as a monotherapeutic agent in reducing viral load. How long it remains effective is unknown, and resistance development is a problem. Two trials testing combinations with DMP 266 are beginning. One test using DMP 266 with indinavir is already considered flawed because indinavir is provided as a monotherapy first. Indinavir monotherapy is believed to help HIV resistance to evolve, especially in people with high baseline viral loads. Participants who are on the monotherapy risk not receiving the full benefit from indinavir and other protease inhibitors because they trigger similar resistance mutations.


Objective:To observe the efficacy of MEBO in treating dog bite wounds.Method:52 cases of this dis- ease were divided randomly into 2 groups.In one group,the wounds were treated with MEBO and in the other group wounds were treated with Rivanol gauze.Result:MEBO can control wound infection,improve blood and lymphatic circulation in wounds,promote wound granulation and epithelium regeneration and lessen inflammatory reaction.In MEBO group,the av- erage wound healing time was 12.3±3.2 days and in Rivanol group,18.5±3.9 days.The difference between the 2 groups was significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:MEBO is very efficacious in treating dog bite wounds.It is easy to apply.


INTRODUCTION: Although, soft tissue contrast of MRI is effectively high, visualization of the internal devices, such as guidewires and catheters, is not straight forward. In order to achieve better identification of these devices, various tracking techniques have been developed. Passive tracking methods (1) are easy to implement, but they are not sufficiently reliable. The main problem of active tracking techniques (2-4) is uneasy device handlings. They need to be connected to imager with cables. In addition, these cables create safety problems. There are also hybrid methods, using inductively coupled RF (ICRF) (4) and receive coupled RF (RCRF) (5) coils. In our study, we propose a new method using ICRF coils and transmit array system. Presented method enables simultaneous acquisition of anatomy and catheter images. THEORY: MRI signal can be expressed as ( , ) b x y S BM k k = . Sine


Two novel water-soluble polymeric benzophenone photoinitiators were efficiently synthesized at 20℃ by using 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate,4-bromomethyl benzophenone,and 4,4′-di(bromomethyl)benzophenone as reactants,respectively.The yield of 4-[N-(2-methacyloxylethyl)dimethylammonium methyl]benzophenone was 79.2%,and that of 4,4′-bis[N-(2-methacyloxylethyl)dimethylammonium methyl]benzophenone was 79.7%.The products were characterized by IR,NMR and EA.


SUMMARY Gene therapy via non-viral vectors that are safe and efficient at transfecting target cells is an effective approach to overcome the shortcomings of protein therapy. The objective of this study was to develop and test a non-viral gene delivery system for bone regeneration that utilizes collagen scaffolds to deliver polyethylenimine (PEI)-pDNA [encoding platelet derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B)] complexes. In vivo studies showed significantly higher new bone volume in the test group after 4 weeks of implantation, compared to empty defect or the empty scaffold groups. INTRODUCTION Tissue engineering approaches for bone regeneration have included protein therapy to deliver osteogenic cytokines and growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), delivery of genes encoding protein factors that promote bone growth, and implantation of osteogenic cells at sites of bone defects. These approaches may be combined with biomimetic scaffolds to enhance the regeneration process. The major drawback of protein therapy is that it requires supra-physiological doses of growth factors which is expensive and runs the risk of inducing toxicity. In addition, exogenously supplied proteins are susceptible to instability, rapid clearance due to short half-lives, and loss of bioactivity. The alternative use of gene therapy is less expensive because the in vitro production of plasmid DNA is relatively simple and economical as compared to commercial protein production. Using implanted geneactivated matrices, prolonged plasmid gene expression and continuous protein production is achieved that stimulates osteogenesis and bone repair in vivo. Localized gene therapy also averts systemic toxicity that can occur as a result of dose dumping during protein therapy. Non-viral gene delivery systems are relatively safe when compared to viral vectors but the lower transfection efficiency of non-viral vectors often limits their potential. One nonviral gene delivery system that has shown strong transfection capabilities is the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI). EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Complexes were prepared by adding 500 μl PEI solution in water drop-wise to 500 μl pDNA (PDGF-B) solution in water containing 50 μg pDNA and mixed by vortexing for 20 s. The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 min to allow complex formation between the positively charged PEI (amine groups) and the negatively charged pDNA (phosphate groups). Complexes were fabricated using different N (nitrogen) to P (phosphate) ratios (molar ratio of amine groups of PEI to phosphate groups in pDNA backbone) by varying the PEI amounts while keeping the amount of pDNA constant. The final volume of the complexes utilized in the transfection and biocompatibility experiments was 20 μl containing 1 μg of pDNA. The complexes prepared were then characterized for size and surface charge using a Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS. The transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of the prepared complexes were evaluated independently in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The influence of the complex-loaded collagen scaffold on cellular attachment and proliferation was evaluated in vitro using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. The in vivo regenerative capacity of the gene delivery system was assessed in critical-sized calvarial defects in Fisher 344 rats. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The PDGF-BB ELISA test demonstrated successful transfection using PEI-pPDGF-B complexes as indicated by the induction of PDGF-BB expression by BMSCs (Figure 1). The PDGF-BB levels were approximately 6fold higher with N/P 10 complexes (PDGF-BB conc. 83 pg/ml) than with the uncomplexed, naked pPDGF-B (PDGF-BB conc. 14 pg/ml). The highest PDGF-BB protein expression levels (83 pg/ml) were obtained by treating the cells with 1 μg of the pDNA for 4 h, followed by further incubation for 44 h (without complexes). Heparin, added to the cells 4 h prior to the analysis, resulted in an increased detection in the protein levels of PDGF-BB (132 pg/ml). Figure 1. ELISA assay demonstrating the expression of PDGF-B as a result of transfection of BMSCs with PEI-pPDGF-B complexes Calvarial defects were created in rats and were filled with different treatments. These different groups were investigated for their potential to generate new bone tissue. The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks and the newlyformed bone tissue was evaluated for its volume and density using microCT scans. MicroCT scans imaged the circular bone defects induced and the regenerated bone tissue in the defects as a result of various treatments after 4 weeks (Figure 2). As seen clearly from the scans, the defect was open with the control group, whereas with the empty scaffold group, the wound site was partially healed. When the defects were treated with the scaffolds containing PEIpPDGF-B complexes, the defect site was completely filled with newly formed trabecular bone mass. Figure 2. Evaluation of in vivo bone formation: representative μCT scans showing the level of regenerated bone tissue with empty defect as a control (a), defect treated with an empty collagen scaffold (b), and defect treated with PEI-pPDGF-B complexes entrapped in a collagen scaffold (c). CONCLUSION BMSCs were transfected efficiently with the PDGF-B gene using the non-toxic, non-viral, gene delivery vector, PEI-pDNA complexes. These complexes were stable and nanometersized, with a positive surface charge. The PEIpPDGF-B complex-activated collagen scaffolds exhibited cell attachment and enhanced cellular proliferation in vitro. The complex-loaded scaffolds promoted osteogenesis and demonstrated superior tissue regeneration in rats with bone defects as compared to the empty defect and empty scaffold groups. REFERENCES 1. Shea, L. D.; Wang, D.; Franceschi, R. T.; Mooney, D. J. Tissue Eng. 2000, 6, (6), 605617. 2. Bonadio, J.; Smiley, E.; Patil, P.; Goldstein, S. Nat Med. 1999, 5, (7), 753-759. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study is supported by a University of Iowa Start-up Grant, ITI Foundation for the Promotion of Implantology, Switzerland (ITI Research Grant No. 855 2012), the American Cancer Society (RSG-09-015-01-CDD), and the National Cancer Institute at the NIH (1R21CA13345-01/R21CA128414-01A2/UI Mayo Clinic Lymphoma SPORE). Rush University Medical Center MicroCT/Histology Core resources were used. a b c


Biospectroscopy includes advances in molecular spectroscopy technology, as well as modern theoretical approaches to quantitative spectra measurement and simulation, as well as highly advanced biomedical spectroscopic techniques with potential applications. It is also based on molecular electronic, vibrational or rotational spectrums, rather than on spectroscopy based on electron or nuclear magnetic moment coupling. From force analyses of single macromolecules using tweezers or cantilevers to in vitro assays of fluorogenic enzymatic turnovers, single-molecule biophysics covers a number of experiments. For example, researchers have studied single DNA strands, membrane molecules, motors, and viruses by decorating a biomolecule with several copies of a probe. Furthermore, we will not discuss the related field of fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy because of space constraints, despite the fact that the method can probe the ensemble dynamics of single emitters and has been applied to living cells.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Arthur Erdelyi, for his advice and guidance during the course of my research. I am also indebted to my office mate Jet Wimp for several helpful discussions.


Casual Analysis of Unreliable Data for Strategising Child Development - A comment by D Narayana and response by Arnab Mukherji


Growing acceptance of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) worldwide and recent actions of the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) indicate that IFRS could soon become a body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S.). It is, therefore, very crucial that investors, preparers, auditors, educators and regulators are aware of how this imminent change would affect them. This commentary article addresses this timely issue by critically examining: (1) potential benefits of allowing U.S. firms to adopt IFRS, (2) necessary changes related to the IASB and IFRS, and (3) necessary changes to the U.S. financial reporting infrastructure. It also raises specific concerns that the SEC should consider.


Intensive pine forest management practiced in the southern United States relies heavily on seed orchards to produce genetically improved seedlings to achieve high productivity. One of the most critical problems is the control of seed and cone insects requiring heavy and frequent applications of insecticides. Hydrologic modeling of insecticide fate in surface water and ground water is a useful technique for evaluating the environmental fate of the applied insecticides. The GLEAMS (groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems) model was used to evaluate the differences between fate of insecticides at four pine seed orchard sites in different physiographic regions of the southern United States. A 50-year simulation period was used. Insecticides selected for simulation were carbofuran, azinphosmethyl, fenvalerate, and permethrin. The simulations of insecticide losses in storm flow and percolate at each of the seed orchards demonstrated the importance of the time of application relative to precipitation occurrence, effective rooting depth, and soil-water conditions. Although the absolute insecticide losses may not be accurately simulated by GLEAMS, the model can predict the seasonal patterns of loss and relative loss among different insecticides likely to occur under actual seed orchard conditions.


of paper: Great Earth Sangha: Gary Snyder's Buddhist View of the Land and its Implications for Environmental Ethics Gary Snyder views the land as a Buddhist community that encompasses both wilderness and the unconscious in Indra's organic net. His vision of nature's community embraces human society and its structures, and is thus an antidote to the often rancorous dichotomy between deep ecologists and social ecologists. The Hua-yen character of his view of the land also avoids the common dichotomy between individuals and holism as well as the amoral presentation of the Gaia theory. John Berthrong is Associate Dean for Academic and Administrative Affairs and Director of the Institute for Dialogue Among Religious Traditions at the Boston University School of Theology. Active in interfaith dialogue projects and programs, his teaching and research interests are in the areas of interreligious dialogue, Chinese religions, and comparative theology. His most recent books are All under Heaven: Transforming Paradigms in Confucian-Christian Dialogue and The Transformations of the Confucian Way. Forthcoming is a comparison of the notion of creative transformation, Concerning Creativity in the Thought of Chu Hsi, A.N. Whitehead, and R.C. Neville, from SUNY Press. He is coeditor with Mary Evelyn Tucker of Confucianism and Ecology, also in the Religions of the World and Ecology series. Christopher Chapple is Professor of Theological Studies and Director of Asian and Pacific Studies at Loyola Marymount University where he teaches religions of India and comparative theology. He has published several books, including Karma and Creativity; Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions; a co-translation of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra, and several edited collections of essays, including Ecological Prospects: Scientific, Aesthetic, and Religious Perspectives. Abstract of paper: Animals in the Early Sramanic Traditionof paper: Animals in the Early Sramanic Tradition From early archaeological and textual materials, it is evident that animals were held in high regard in India. The Indus valley civilization adorned and apparently revered selected animal species. In the later sramanic traditions, especially within Buddhism and Jainism, animals play an important cosmological role. In the Jataka tales, a primary teaching tool of the Buddha, animal fables appear with great frequency. In early Jainism (and continuing within present day India), protection of animals is a central feature of religious observances. In this paper, the totem-like depictions of animals in the Indus valley civilization will be discussed as a possible context for the importance accorded to animals in later sramanic traditions. Select Jataka tales will be examined, as well as the place of animals in Buddhism and Jaina cosmology and ethics. M. David Eckel is associate professor of religion in the Department of Religion at Boston University. He is the author of To See the Buddha: A Philosopher's Quest for the Meaning of Emptiness (Harper San Francisco, 1992) and the Buddhism editor for The Harper Collins Dictionary of Religion, general editor, Jonathan Z. Smith (Harper San Francisco, 1995). Abstract of paper: The Issue of Anthropocentrism: On Emptiness and the Concept of Natureof paper: The Issue of Anthropocentrism: On Emptiness and the Concept of Nature In the literature of the environmental movement, the Buddhist tradition is often treated as a significant and positive counterweight to the more anthropocentric traditions of the West. This paper will explore the issue of anthropocentrism in the Buddhist tradition, through sources drawn largely from India and Tibet, and will develop a less stark, more nuanced, and, it is hoped, more useful view of Buddhist attitudes toward nature. Joe Franke is a biologist, educator and environmental activist. Since 1998, he has been working with environmentally active religious leaders in Thailand, the Philippines, and Nepal through the Wat Forest Project. A variety of initiatives are being supported through the organization, including forest protection, reforestation, and the development of Christian-, Hindu-, and Buddhist-centered environmental education curricula for free distribution to schools in Asia. Abstract of paper: The Wat Forest Project: Organizing Support for Southeast Asia'sof paper: The Wat Forest Project: Organizing Support for Southeast Asia's "Green Monks" This presentation will be about the Wat Forest Project, which seeks to provide material and technical support for the work of Thailand's environmentally active monks. Ruben Habito, professor of world religions and spirituality, Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University, and resident teacher, Maria Kannon Zen Center, Dallas, Texas, also taught at Sophia University, Tokyo, from 1978 to 1989. A dharma heir of Yamada Koun Røshi of the Sanbø Kyødan Zen tradition, he has written Healing Breath: Zen Spirituality for a Wounded Earth (Orbis Books, 1993) and other works in Japanese and English. Abstract of paper: Mountains, Rivers and the Great Earth: Zen Buddhism and the Ecological Questionof paper: Mountains, Rivers and the Great Earth: Zen Buddhism and the Ecological Question The paper will consider Zen Buddhism vis-a-vis the question: does it or can it support an ecologically viable worldview and way of life? It will examine the basic marks of Zen Buddhism and the three fruits that come to bear in a practitioner's life, offering reflections on their ecological implications, both positive and negative. Stephanie Kaza is Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Vermont, serving the Environmental Program with an appointment through the Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources. She teaches and advises undergraduate and graduate students with a concentration in the environmental humanities. Kenneth Kraft is currently chairman of the Religious Studies Department at Lehigh University. He received his Ph.D. in East Asian studies from Princeton University. He is the author of Eloquent Zen (University of Hawaii Press, 1992) and the editor of Inner Peace, World Peace (State University of New York Press, 1992) and Zen: Tradition and Transition (Grove Press, 1988). His work on engaged Buddhism has led to an interest in the ethical and cultural significance of nuclear waste. Abstract of paper: Nuclear Energy and Engaged Buddhism: Making the Connectionsof paper: Nuclear Energy and Engaged Buddhism: Making the Connections This paper raises some questions prompted by the intersection of Buddhism and environmentalism. For example: Where do Buddhist environmentalists stand? If it were necessary to choose between devoting one's energy to the dharma and devoting one's energy to the environment, which would come first? Radioactive waste is presented as an illuminating case study, because nuclear issues pose unprecedented challenges to contemporary Buddhists (an nonBuddhists). The paper concludes with an argument for a "nuclear ecology" that incorporates all pertinent fields and resources, including religious ones. Lewis Lancaster is professor of East Asian languages and Buddhist studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and is currently in charge of the Ph.D. program in the Group in Buddhist Studies on that campus. He has recently written "The Sources for the Koryo Buddhist Canon: A Search for Textual Witnesses" and "The History of the Study of Twentieth Century Forgeries of Dunhuang Manuscripts" and is editor of Religion and Society in Contemporary Korea (Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1997). He has been active in the world of computers, organizing the Electronic Buddhist Text Initiative, a consortium of more than forty groups around the world dealing with Buddhism and the new technology. A CD-ROM containing Sanskrit Buddhist texts is underway. Abstract of paper: The Cultural Collective and Buddhist Ecological Issuesof paper: The Cultural Collective and Buddhist Ecological Issues Buddhism has been able to move from one cultural area to another, adapting to local situations and collective perceptions held by the various societies that adopted its teachings. Ideas about nature, animal life and cthonic spirits in the canonical literature and in the cultural patterns of Buddhist areas, give us a glimpse of how the collective operated. Present ecological interests provide another example of ways in which Buddhism was interpreted and practiced. John Daido Loori is the resident teacher and spiritual leader of Zen Mountain Monastery in upstate New York. He has completed formal training in rigorous køan Zen and in the subtle teachings of Master Døgen's Zen. Drawing on his background as scientist, artist, naturalist, parent, and Zen priest, Abbot Loori speaks to Western students from the perspective of shared background. His books include The Eight Gates of Zen (Dharma Communications, 1992), Two Arrows Meeting in Mid-Air: The Zen Koan (Charles E. Tuttle, 1994), and The Heart of Being: Moral and Ethical Teachings of Zen Buddhism (Charles E. Tuttle, 1996). Abstract of paper: Teachings of Mountains and Rivers: The Earth's Ethical Imperativeof paper: Teachings of Mountains and Rivers: The Earth's Ethical Imperative We will trace the development of a modern ethical environmental imperative beginning with the teachings of the Diamond Net of Indra from the Avatamsaka Sûtra of Buddhism, Chinese Huayen philosophy, and the Five Ranks of Master Tôzan, down through the Zen lineage of Zen Master Dôgen and the evolution of a moral imperative that is essential to our survival as a species as well as the survival of this great earth itself. Emphasis will be on the teachings of the insentient and the unique ethical perspective this creates when viewed in conjunction with the Zen Buddhist precepts as expounded by Zen Master Dôgen. We will conclude with a look at the practical applications of some of these principles


Weaving is one of our ancient handicrafts and fabric weaving was born due to necessities such as covering up, dressing, protection from cold. Afterwards, various techniques, motifs and compositions were developed which led to the richness of Turkish weaving today. One of the most common techniques of Turkish weaving is rug weaving. Rugs woven in Beypazari Public Education Center and vegetables used in dyeing the wool yarns for rugs were analyzed in this research. In Beypazari, hall rugs are woven in patterns entitled with names from the region such as Citimel, Basakli, Kurtagzi, Beypazari, Avsar and Ejderha. The most used of these is the hall rug called "Citimel". In dyeing of the yarns used in rugs, acorn dust, yellow bush, pinar weed, walnut shell, madder and indigo are used. Keywords: Rug, rug weaving, vegetable dyeing, Beypazari


In the same family, the SARS-COV-2 virus is more virulent than the other virus, and it is known in many patients that it causes extreme symptoms ranging from high-grade fever, cough, dyspnea, to gastrointestinal and hematological symptoms. The extreme inflammatory state secondary to Covid‐19 may lead to a severe imbalance in hemostasis as found recently in a condition of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and consumption coagulopathy, identified as decreased platelet count, increased fibrin or fibrinogen and red blood cells destruction which growing ferritin. The virus has the ability to cause red blood cell hemolysis even if the blood is inside the EDTA tube, which reflects the virulent traits of the virus and its non-understandable pathogenesis, which is still suspected.  The damage caused by the tissue may increase the level of lactic acid dehydrogenase and may be an indicator of the amount of damage caused by the disease in the organs of the body.


This is a working paper in a continuing project "Mineral Scarcity and Economic Change", partially supported at IIASA by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

In the present paper evidence is given on trends in relative cost to obtain minerals, for selected regions and countries. On this basis the question of increasing economic scarcity of minerals is addressed, and attention is given to the underlying forces that affect mineral cost trends.

The data that are used are from an IIASA data base that covers about 50 mineral price series and economic variables on 45 countries.

However, in this paper we focus primarily on Western European countries for the period 1950-1979. Since the data effort finished in summer 1980, the second oil price boom is not fully reflected.


Abstract The article presents the results of the research on carbonation and chloride induced corrosion mechanisms in reinforced concrete structures, based on three commercially available concrete admixtures: Xypex Admix C-1000, Penetron Admix and Elkem Microsilica. Carbonation takes place due to carbon dioxide diffusion, which in the required amount is present in the air. Chlorides penetrate concrete in case of the use of deicing salt or structure exploitation in marine atmosphere. Based on the implemented research, Elkem Microsilica is the recommended additive for the use in aggressive environmental conditions. Use of Xypex Admix C-1000 and Penetron Admix have only average resistance to the aggressive environmental impact.


Transverse‐mode properties of free‐running diode laser arrays are investigated through high‐resolution spectrally resolved imaging. Observations are shown not to agree with the supermode theory. The coupling of broad‐area modes by gain and temperature perturbations accurately describes the observed modal behavior. Theoretical results presented are in close agreement with the experiments.


Although much recent research has focused on family caregivers to the community-dwelling impaired elderly, little research has examined the experiences of family caregivers once the older relative enters a long-term care institution. This article focuses on the experiences of wives whose husbands have entered a long-term care institution. This process is conceptualized as a life course transition to quasi-widowhood, a term intended to capture the. situation of living alone without one's former mate yet still married and still involved in many ways in the spousal role. The transition is viewed in terms of a four-stage process, based on a model developed from a pilot study. This article focuses on Stage 1, using data from 69 wives who are participating in a longitudinal study in Toronto, Canada. Stage 1 is seen to be characterized by having such negative feelings as guilt, anger, sadness, resentment, and loneliness, but at the same time by ambivalence arising from feelings of relief over the cessation of arduous home-based caregiving and relief that the husband is getting excellent care. In the early weeks following the husband's admission, wives display poor physical health, low morale, and high levels of depression. Contrary to expectations, uncertainty was not characteristic of Stage 1.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of taekwondo and allium tuberosum intake on body composition, blood lipids and C-reactive protein in male high school students. Twenty-four male students of B city volunteered to be test subjects. Experimental groups were taekwondo with allium turberosum group (A, n=6), taekwondo group (B, n=6), allium tuberosum group (C, n=6), control group (D, n=6). The total experimental period was 10 weeks. Groups A and B practiced taekwondo 4 times a week for 10 weeks with an intensity of 60~80% HRR. Each practice was 50 minutes. Groups A and C were instructed to take an allium tuberosum pill every day before their taekwondo exercise during the 10 weeks. The results of this study are as follows: Within groups A, B and C, there was a significant decreas in % fat. Groups A and B showed a significant increase in HDL-C concentration, as well as a more significant increase in HDL-C concentration than groups C and D. Group A showed a more significant decreased in LDL-C concentration than group D. In conclusion, taekwondo and allium tuberosum intake seem to have a positive effect on % fat, HDL-C and LDL-C. Further research regarding the effect of allium tuberosum diets is required.


Utilization of wind energy (wind) that blows from a certain height which is then used to turn wind turbines and converted into electrical energy or so-called wind power plants (PLTB) is one solution to the problem of the energy crisis so far. In addition, voltage stability is very necessary in the continuity of the use of power plants. Unstable voltage and frequency make electrical equipment (load) easily damaged. There are various ways to reduce instability, one of which is using a pseudo/complementary load electronic control circuit. The point is that the generator will be loaded with a total load that is always constant, the load on the consumer plus the complementary (pseudo) load is equal to the nominal capacity of the generator. This research uses a 3 phase generator and a 3 phase induction motor as a driving machine, the main load uses a lamp and the pseudo load uses a heater. The main control uses a Dspic30f4012 microcontroller connected to a voltage sensor. The microcontroller works using PWM with feedback using PID, which then PWM provides pulse information to the load drive circuit. The use of PID in this control system will produce a voltage in the generator at 50 Hz and 220Vac whether there is a load or not. So that the voltage supplied to consumers is stable and does not damage electronic equipment.


The University Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais is used as a training field for nursing undergraduate students. Therefore, the Hospital and the Nursing School, with a view to integrating teaching and service, created a Nurse Training Commission in order to coordinate curricular and extracurricular training in this area, systematically organizing the technical visits and the voluntary work and to implement a Continuing Education Program. The purpose of this article is to report the experience of implementing this Commission, showing its actions and the results achieved. The work of the Commission is contributing to the students' development and professional improvement as well as to the members of the nursing team.


In recent years, optimal site selection has become one of the main concerns for managers of business enterprises. In addition, various kinds of spatial and non-spatial parameters influence the efficiency of new branches. These factors have a direct relation with site selection indicators. In this research project, we use data mining algorithms to find and extract useful knowledge not only to help managers making better decisions for site selection, but also for extracting associations between parameters at different scales. We also tried to find a link between a mathematically determined efficiency measure and spatial association rules, which is a database method in data mining. During the research, we classified the study area into three different classes as 'high', 'average', and 'low' according to the efficiency and turnover measures. Afterwards, in each class we used an a priori like algorithm to find the most frequent item sets and predict an average range of efficiency. For the second scenario we also put a limitation in the a priori like algorithm to derive a constraint-based frequent item set containing the efficiency measure parameters. In general, as the efficiency measure in the low class had a higher frequency than in other classes, we obtained negative rules rather than positive rules. In addition, the association rules for the small scale gave more meaningful results than those of the large scale. The reason was in the use of real parameters instead of aggregated parameters. The usability of this method was not absolutely good with this data set and we recommend to use normal distributed efficiency measure data to find association rules in all the classes. Finally, for the site selection issues, the managers can use this method as a comparison factor, among different candidate areas. They can rely on the validation measures such as support, confidence, lift and leverage to select the best location for a new site. Needless to say, such models can be used for the parameters inside the frequent item set.


Cover title, `Index ancestors centre'
Quantity: 1 volume(s).
Physical Description: Holograph (23 cm, black boards in ¼ red morocco, red linen hinged case)


The purpose of this study is to build a learning-based attenuation map estimation scheme for brain attenuation correction of the positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging using an artificial neural network (ANN). The attenuation map estimation is cast as a regression problem that models a nonlinear mapping between the MR image patches and the corresponding patches of the attenuation map. An ANN is used to solve the regression problem through learning from examples. Using the BrainWeb phantoms, we simulated brain PET data with corresponding MR image and attenuation map pairs of 20 subjects. The ANN was trained with the image patches from the MR image and attenuation map of 1 subject. The trained ANN was then applied to estimate the attenuation maps from the MR images for the other 19 subjects. The estimated attenuation maps were compared with their simulated counterparts using the mean absolute error (MAE) on regions of soft tissue and bone. The impact of estimation accuracy on the reconstructed PET images was evaluated by calculating the relative error with respect to the PET images reconstructed using the AC with the simulated attenuation maps. The estimated attenuation maps obtain the MAE of 0.0021 for soft tissue and 0.0096 for bone, revealing strong agreement with the corresponding simulated ones. The images reconstructed with the estimated attenuation maps have average relative errors of -0.24%± 0.8% on gray matter and of -0.28%± 0.28% on white matter. We demonstrate that the ANN model trained using the MR image and attenuation map of one subject applies well to other subjects and the estimated attenuation map has potential to produce accurate AC for brain PET/MR imaging.


Close to the heritage archeological sites of Pompei and Paestum and the beautiful Amalfi coast, the University of Salerno, Italy was host to the 18th International Conference on Production Research (ICPR) held on 31st July to 4 August, 2005. Mans quality of life and the potential for industrial and economic progress in the third millennium can greatly benefit from advances in manufacturing engineering and systems. Taking as its theme ''The Networked Enterprise: a challenge for sustainable development'' the conference aimed to present and discuss the state of the art in the fields of advanced design of manufacturing systems, the sustainable design of products and services, supply chain modelling and integration, and the new organization for world wide enterprises. In particular the conference examined what knowledge and tools are available today to plan, organize and manage worldwide networks comprised of small–mid-scale enterprises supported by related large-scale logistics systems and information and communication technologies. This issue comprises a selection of papers from the conference, representing the range of production research from around the globe. They have been extended and updated to present the latest status of the research and have been subject to rigorous peer review for journal publication. ICPR is a biennial conference series sponsored by the International Foundation of Production Research (IFPR). The next conference (ICPR19) will be held in Valparaiso, Chile on 29 July to 2 August, 2007, with the theme ''The development of collaborative production and service systems in emergent economies.'' The conference will cover a variety of topics on modelling, designing, planning, managing and monitoring manufacturing, production and logistics systems. Abstracts should be submitted by 3 November 2006: more details of the conference will be found at the conference web-site (http://www.icpr19.cl).


INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is a disease of public health concern mainly because of its potential to cause
disability in a small proportion of those affected and is a cause for social stigma and
discrimination [1]. The World Health Organization's (WHO) 2011-2015 global strategy
for leprosy control focuses on reducing the rate of new leprosy cases with grade II
disabilities per 100,000 people by at least 35% at the end of 2015 taking 2010's occurrence
as reference. Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD) is a chronic infectious disease
caused by Mycobacterium leprae, principally affecting the peripheral nerve, mucosa of the
respiratory tract and the skin of human being. HISTORY AND PREVALENCE: Leprosy has affected humanity for over 4,000 years, and was well-recognized in the
civilizations of ancient China, Egypt, and India [3].Leprosy was referred to as "Kushtha" in
ancient India. The first authentic description of leprosy and its treatment is given in
"Sushruta Samhita", a treatise written in India in 600 BC [4]. Hansen's disease named after a
physician called Gerhad Armaver Hansen who discovered 'Mycobacterium leprae in 1873
[2]. Till the introduction of the drug Dapsone in 1940s there was no treatment for this
disease; patients were kept in isolation. India contributes to more than 50 % of new cases
detected globally every year .A total of 1.27 lakh new cases were detected during the year
2011 -2012.A total of 0.83 lakh cases are on record as on 1st April 2012 given the
prevalence rate (PR) of 0.68 per 10,000 population. AIM OF THE STUDY: Study the treatment pattern of leprosy in two districts in Kerala OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: 1. To study the prevalence of the disease.
2. Monitor presence of adverse drug reaction,
3. To study the treatment pattern of leprosy including lepra reactions
4. Assess adherence to drug therapy DISCUSSION: A prospective observational study was carried out for six months among the leprosy patients
in two districts in Kerala (Malappuram and Calicut).The study was carried out to determine
the prevalence, treatment pattern and drug related problems among the leprosy patients.
During our study period 40 cases were reported from Malappuram district and 64 from
Calicut. So the prevalence of leprosy in Malappuram and Calicut district was found to be
0.001 and 0.002 respectively.
In the current study among among a total of 104 patients included, 49 (47%) were in the age
group of 31-50 years. The mean age was 42.13±18.61 years. Nearly 6% of the patients were
aged less than 15 showing the transmission is still going on the community. This high
prevalence in younger age group calls for more vigorous means of case detection like active
search for cases especially in communities known to be leprosy endemic.
104 patients were enrolled in the study, of them 74(71%) were males and 30(29%) were
females, demonstrating male predominance over female population. This result is similar to
study conducted by B.L Ajibade et-al (2) in which 79.7% was males.
No significant association could be found out between the residential status of patient and
disease. Leprosy, an ancient disease, was thought to be confined to rural and underdeveloped
geographical areas. But, on the contrary, our study found no such association, as we found
an equal prevalence or incidence of the disease in urban and rural regions.
According to our study, the most prevalent type of leprosy was found to be multibacillary
(MB) with 86 cases (83%) while paucibacillary (PB) type accounted for only 18(17%) cases.
Similar results were shown in studies conducted by B.L Ajibade et-al(2) and Sileshi
Baye(18) .The definition of PB leprosy has been evolving over the last two decades, with an
increasing number of erstwhile PB patients being included in the MB group for the
treatment purpose. This might be one of the important reasons for the progressive shrinking
of the pool of PB cases in our study (21).Male gender (63%) showed significant association with multibacillary leprosy. Considering clinical form of leprosy Borderline tuberculoid
(BT) form (75%) was found to be predominant over other forms. These results showed
similarity with the study conducted by S.Karat et-al. CONCLUSION: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium leprae that causes damage to
skin and peripheral nervous system. The disease develops slowly and results in skin lesion
and deformities, most often affecting the cooler places on the body.
A prospective observational study was carried for a period for 6 months among the leprosy
patients in two districts in Kerala .The total number of cases collected for the study purpose
was 104 and the findings of the study reveals that most of the patients were in the age group
of 31-50 years and the male patients were predominant over the female population. The most
prevalent type of leprosy was found to be multi - bacillary (MB) and among these MB cases,
borderline tuberculoid was most commonly reported. Hypo pigmented patches were the most
common type of cutaneous lesions observed in leprosy patients taking multidrug therapy. The
finding of the study also illustrates that delay in diagnosis of patients augments the
transmission of infection, and allows progression of disease and more severe disability.74%
of the Multi - bacillary patients were treated with MDT-MB regimen with Dapsone,
Rifampicin and Clofazimine and 16% of the paucibacillary patients were treated with MDTPB
regimen with Dapsone and Rifampicin. The most common ADR found by using the MDT
regimen was anemia and it was managed by using iron supplements. Adverse effects
attributed to MDT are comparable to previous studies and we found that ADR due to Dapsone
was very high. If patients are properly informed about the common ADR and are advised to
report to their health care provider if and when ADRs occur, and are appropriately motivated
about the benefits of MDT, most can be managed by MDT only with supportive treatment,
without replacing the suspected drug, except in few cases with serious, complicated or life
threatening ADR. The continuing occurrence of new cases means that the first priority is the
need for these cases to be detected early and treated effectively to cure leprosy and prevent
disability. If we fail to do this then the prevalence of leprosy will start to increase and all that
has been achieved will be lost.
MDT introduction came with additional benefits such as an intense monitoring of patients,
coverage of affected populations, and improvement of the closeness between leprosy patients
and medical care, and that leprosy changed into a curable disease. There are three
important principles for leprosy work in the future. It includes ;Sustainability (new
cases of leprosy are continuing and many of the consequences are lifelong so our approaches need to be sustainable) , the leprosy workers cannot do everything themselves(they need to
work in alliances at all levels with other agencies, other health care workers, social services,
communities, patients themselves and their families),Anti-leprosy services need to be
integrated with general health and social services(this includes training, primary health care,
hospital care, and community based rehabilitation)
Finally we would like to emphasize the importance of a proper health education, daily ulcer
care and shoe adjustments as systemic therapy and also to prevent the development of new
ulcers.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY: The study was a cross-sectional study and thus the follow-up of patients was not
possible. Due to fear of stigma and discrimination some patients were not willing to cooperate with the study.
Immigrant patients were been excluded because of the difficulty in obtaining the
relevant information.
The questionnaires were filled with the help of Assistant Leprosy Officers of the
respective hospitals, because patients visited the leprosy centre one time per month. So it was difficult for us to fill up the questionnaires There is a chance of reporting bias.


We present a time-domain impulsive vibrational spectroscopy (IVS) setup capable of recording background- and baseline-free Raman spectra of excited electronic states in condensed-phase molecular systems. The setup records vibrational Raman spectra from 50-3000 cm-1 and is readily extended to follow spectral evolutions with a time resolution of L20 fs, opening up the possibility for multi-dimensional Raman spectroscopy. Based on the setup, we explore a wide range of photochemical reactions aimed at gaining fundamental insights in the chemistry of excited electronic states. In rhodopsin, we investigate the consequences of vibrational wavepacket motion through a conical intersection. We identify the C11-H hydrogen out-of-plane mode as a coupling mode and devise a general model of how vibrational coherences can be used to obtain otherwise inaccessible structural information. In a second experiment, we determine the photoproduct distribution and dynamics upon isotopic substitution of selected hydrogen atoms along the retinal backbone. The results suggest a re-definition of the traditional Jablonski diagram for ultrafast photoreactions, which proceed faster than vibrational relaxation. In channelrhodopsin-1, we structurally characterise the primary photoproduct in the photocycle to be of 13-cis character. The study highlights the capabilities of IVS to obtain structural information for short-lived intermediate structures which are otherwise challenging to obtain. For the green fluorescent protein and all-trans retinal protonated Schiff base, we identify key excited-state (intermediate) structures and complement the studies with multi-dimensional Raman spectroscopy. The results provide a first picture of the structural origin of energy flow directly after photoexcitation. This thesis emphasises the capabilities of IVS beyond a proof-of-principle experiment and outlines the high potential of time-domain vibrational spectroscopy to reveal detailed structural information on ultrafast processes with high temporal resolution and sensitivity.


The Medical Councilâ s spotlight report on â Trainee Career and Retention Intentionsâ , to be released later in October 2015, will report
further findings from its 2014 Trainee National Experience Survey1, to which over 1,600 non consultant hospital doctors (NCHDs) in training
posts responded. This latest report will show that close to half of trainees â the cornerstone of hospital care and the future cornerstone
of our health services â intend to pursue their careers outside of Ireland. Most worrying is that those in Higher Specialist Training are
more likely to leave, resulting in greater loss to the Irish health system in terms of investment of effort and money, and lost expertise.1 The
findings are consistent with a growing body of evidence on the medical workforce crisis facing Ireland. In early 2015, 88% of Irish medical
students reported their intentions to leave Ireland on graduation, though close to half said they would return.2 However, the assumption that
most doctors will return was dispelled in our 2015 survey of 307 emigrant Irish trained doctors who had left Ireland between 2008 and 2013.3
Since leaving, there had been a three-fold rise in those intending to remain abroad permanently and only a quarter intended to return to
practice in Ireland.


T he nature of the relationship between mathematics and the physical world has been a source of debate since the era of the Pythagoreans. A school of thought, reflecting the ideas of Plato, is that mathematics has its own existence. Flowing from this position is the notion that mathematical forms underpin the physical universe and are out there waiting to be discovered. The opposing viewpoint is that mathematical forms are objects of our human imagination and we make them up as we go along, tailoring them to describe reality. In 1921, this view led Einstein to wonder, "How can it be that mathematics, being after all a product of human thought which is independent of experience, is so admirably appropriate to the objects of reality?" [1 ]. In 1959, Eugene Wigner coined the phrase "the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics" to describe this "miracle," conceding that it was something he could not fathom [2]. The mathematician Richard W. Hamming, whose work has been profoundly influential in the areas of computer science and electronic engineering, revisited this very question in 1980 [3]. Hamming raised four interesting propositions that he believed fell short of providing a conclusive explanation [3]. Thus, like Wigner before him, Hamming resigned himself to the idea that mathematics is unreasonably effective. These four points are: 1) we see what we look for; 2) we select the kind of mathematics we look for; 3) science in fact answers comparatively few problems; and 4) the evolution of man provided the model. In this article, we will question the presupposition that mathematics is as effective as claimed and thus remove the quandary of Wigner's "miracle," leading to a non-Platonist viewpoint. 1 We will also revisit Hamming's four propositions and show how they may indeed largely explain that there is no miracle, given a reduced level of mathematical effectiveness. The reader will be asked for a moment of indulgence, where we will push these ideas to the extreme, extending them to all physical law and models. Are they all truly reified? We will question their absolute reality and ask the question: Have we, in some sense, generated a partly anthropo-centric physical and mathematical framework of the world around us? Why should we care? Among scientists and engineers, there are those that worry about such questions and there are those that prefer to "shut up and calculate." We will attempt to explain why there …


The invention discloses a motion sensing video storage system and method, and the system comprises a receiving module, a motion sensing module, a storage execution module, and a retrieval module. The receiving module is used for receiving to-be-stored media data outside the system. The motion sensing module is used for analyzing the received data, and outputting an analysis result, wherein the analysis comprises steps: motion vector extraction, planning, low-pass filtering, local correction, median filtering, and aggregation. The storage execution module carries out the storage of the media data according to the above analysis result. The retrieval module is used for responding to an external request of the system and outputting a request result. The system determines whether video data is redundant data or not through a dynamic intensity index of the video data, selectively carries out storage, and improves the utilization rate of a video storage space. The system is low in operation complexity, and can calculate the dynamic intensity index of the video data with no need to carry out decoding of video data.


1. Neena J, Rachel J, Praveen V, Murthy GV; Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness India Study Group. Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in India. PLoS One 2008;3:e2867. 2. Murthy GV, Gupta SK, Bachani D, Jose R, John N. Current estimates of blindness in India. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:257‐60. 3. Dandona L, Dandona R, John RK. Estimation of blindness in India from 2000 through 2020: Implications for the blindness control policy. Natl Med J India 2001;14:327‐34. 4. Vemparala R, Gupta P. National Programme for Control of Cite this article as: Saluja G, Takkar B, Agarwal E, Sharma B, Khokhar S. Planning a new intraocular lens library in the Indian scenario. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018;66:1227-8.


In various applications including atmospheric and ocean simulation programs, stencil computations occur on semi-regular grids where subdomains of the grid are regular (e.g., can be stored in an array) but boundaries between sub-domains connect in an irregular fashion. Implementations of stencils on semi-regular grids often have grid topology details tangled with stencil computation code. This tangling of details makes updating stencil code difficult as it requires the programmer to have full knowledge of the current grid topology. Existing libraries and tools for separating the concerns of stencil computations from grid connectivity have not dealt with semi-regular grids and instead have focused on purely regular grids with possible periodicity or purely irregular grids. In this paper we introduce programming abstractions for the class of semi-regular grids and describe a prototype Fortran 90+ library called GridLib that implements these abstractions. Implementing these abstractions requires solving issues involving nodes in the grid with a non-standard number of neighbors and determining the communication schedule given an orthogonal specification of the grid decomposition. We present solutions to these issues that work within the context of grids used in atmospheric and ocean simulations. We also show that to maintain the performance while still providing this separation of concerns, it is necessary for a source-to-source translator to perform inlining between user code and the GridLib run-time library code. We present performance results for a stencil computation extracted from the Parallel Ocean Program.


Objectives: To determine if thimerosal administration in amounts equivalent to vaccines content produces neurotoxic effects on the encephalon in postnatal hamsters and on experimentation animal's development. Design: Experimental, prospective, bioetapic study. Setting: San Fernando Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Biological material: Seven daysold hamsters. Material: We divided 45 postnatal hamsters in three groups: group A (n=15), group B (n=15) and group C (n=15). We administered three intramuscular equivalent doses of sucrose and thimerosal in 20 μL of saline to groups B and C, respectively, on birth-days 7 (0,227 μg), 9 (0,216 μg) and 11 (0,220 μg). Group A received only 20 μL of saline solution. Main outcome measures: Body weight, encephalon weight, height (skull-caudal length), and encephalon histopathological alterations. Results: Anova and student t tests showed statistical significance in favor of low body weight, low encephalon weight, and smaller stature in group C with respect to groups A and B hamsters (p<0,0001). X statistical significance in relation to the presence of hystopathological alterations in group C was also obtained (p<0,0001). We observed greater relative risk of encephalic alterations in group C. Conclusions: The administration of thimerosal in equivalent doses to vaccines content was associated with low corporal weight, low encephalon weight, and smaller stature in postnatal hamsters. Neurotoxic effects were also produced at encephalic level: at hippocampus (regions CA1, CA3 and DG), cerebral cortex, and cerebellum (Purkinje cells and granulose cells); with decrease in neuronal density, neuronal necrosis, axonal demyelinization, and gliosis. In addition, risk increase in developing any of these alterations was high just in the animal group receiving


Treatment for urinary system diseases discloses an apparatus and a method of use and the purpose. Biocompatible device is leached manner to a minimum, shaped by the handle, a needle, dilator, and includes a sling assembly, subjecting the material to fully support the target site. In addition, the shape of the sling assembly, the sling, allowing adjustment into the embedding and / or after. The apparatus and treatment methods are highly effective, side effects or problems is made small. Additionally, pain, infection, and risk is reduced to techniques postoperative, thereby improving the patient's QOL. .FIELD 4


The research results of some microorganism groups that determine the soil ecological condition are presented in the article. It is determined that the herbicide use facilitates the reduction of both the total soil biogenic quality and the actinomycete number that are sensitive indicators reacting to the soil chemical contamination.


This book studies the internal framework of the Indo-Pacific region and examines the strategic issues faced by the countries that belong to it. Over the years, the Indo-Pacific region has become a prime driver of global economic growth and has generated considerable interest from countries both within and without. The region is now witnessing an intensified great power competition for greater geostrategic space, thus shaping the 21st-century world order. The volume focuses on the emerging strategies of the main actors involved in this competition. It discusses various key issues such as the purpose of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue and its post-pandemic agenda, the conceptualisation of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) amid an intensifying Sino-US great power competition, the strategies of ASEAN and South Korea, China's activities in the Indo-Pacific, economic architecture and supply chain disruption in the region, as well as the geopolitical strategy of the European Union for the Indo-Pacific. A crucial study of the Indo-Pacific region in the post-COVID-19 world, the book gives fresh insights into the areas of convergence and divergence in the strategic visions of the many regional actors. It will be of great interest to policymakers as well as students and academics in the fields of political science, international relations, foreign policy, geopolitics, security studies, strategic studies, as well as area studies, namely East and Southeast Asian studies, European Union studies, American studies and Australian studies. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Srabani Roy Choudhury. All rights reserved.


After the restructuring of agricultural production, among entrepreneurs there arises the need to invest. However, for that purpose there must exist the appropriate investment environment. In that connection, in the present paper there are put forward specific tools which could be used in investment activity. Those concern the consistent development of the environment for demand and supply of investment funds.


Absorbent articles, such as disposable diapers, incontinent pads, bras diapers, training pants, garments HYGIENIC FEMININE AND SIMILAR have a unique feature ON WAIST INCREASING THE ADJUSTING DYNAMIC AND containment characteristics of the absorbent article . THESE ARTICLES ABSORBENTES CONSIST OF AN AREA ABSORBENT (22) with a covering liquid pervious (24), a lower impermeable layer (26) and an absorbent core (28) between the upper deck and UNDERLAYMENT, an extendible SYSTEM IN THE BACK And a closure system (40, 41) to hold the absorbent article. EXTENDING THE SYSTEM IN THE BACK PROVIDES MORE COMFORTABLE TO ADAPT THE DIAPER SET BEARER and secure. EXTENDING THE SYSTEM IN THE BACK HAS A PANEL ON HIPS (38), a central waistband (32) AND TWO SIDES (36). CHARACTERISTICS OF STRENGTH / EXTENSION OF EACH PANEL UNMEJOR are designed to provide fit and containment. BELT STRETCH PANELS MAY BE MADE WITH DIFFERENT STRETCH MATERIALS, PREFERABLY TISSUE elasticized ESTRUCTURAL. TISSUE TYPE STRUCTURAL ELASTICO (SELF) (FIG. 5) has an elastic behavior in the direction of ELONGATION WITHOUT ADDED elasticised. THE SELF IN TISSUE CONFIGURATION PANEL HAS EACH SPECIFIC FEATURES FOR PROVIDING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STRENGTH / DESIRED EXTENSION TO EACH PANEL.


The objective of this research isto analyzed factors influence the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) in Islamic Banks. Independent variables in this reseach i.e financial performance, company size, company age and Islamic governance score. The populations in this study are Islamic banks from Indonesiaand Malaysia for 2013-2017.The samples selected was 20 syariah banks using purposive sampling method. Data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The result of this study shows companysize, company age and the Islamic Governance Score are significantly influence of the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR), while liquidity does not influence the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR).


cellar mud fermentation is one of the technological characteristics in Chinese liquor making.The quality of cellar mud will affect the amount of microorganisms and dominant species in the mud,and then the quality of the liquor.However,liquor making factories,no matter what kind of flavor style liquor they produce,will face the problem of mud aging after a period of utilization.Through the addition of complex liquor,the mud aging could be prevented during mud maturation.Better quality was obtained after two rounds production.And the Luzhou flavor will be more obvious.