Health information exchange (HIE) is the process of exchanging electronic healthcare information across medical organizations. HIE allows medical professionals to ubiquitously access patient electronic medical records that are traditionally stored in separate hospital information systems. HIE is essential for the referral process, general treatment, and emergency cases. In this study, we propose Health Link, Thailand's first nationwide HIE platform. We show that interoperability, privacy, and security can be improved in practice by implementing Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), pseudonymization, and access control respectively. Health Link was successfully implemented under practicality constraints and has served over 50 hospitals across the nation in 2021.


Albendazole and fenbendazole based agents given at dose level of 1 ml/10 kg showed a high efficacy against gastrointestinal Strongylata (intensefficacy values – 91,5-95,5%; extensefficacy values – 50-60%) and Moniezia (the best extensefficacy values for two agents – 66 and 100%).


The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of Celebrity Endorsement on Purchase Intention through Perceived Value to the "Top Coffee" product in Surabaya.
Population in this research is people who understand advertising top coffee version Iwan Fals and have not buy coffee brand Top Coffee. The technique of the sample used is non probability sampling. Analysis techniques used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
The results showed that Celebrity Endorsement influence positively to Perceived Value, Celebrity Endorsement influence positively to Purchase Intention, Perceived Value influence positively to the Purchase Intention, and perceived value mediate influence between Celebrity Endorsement to Purchase Intention.
A summary of this research is the Celebrity Endorsement, that the use of celebrities in advertising delivery is capable of influencing the value of the product being advertised and are able to influence consumer buying intentions to the product Top Coffee in Surabaya.


CDC has recently published the Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 1993. A notifiable disease is one for which regular, frequent, and timely information on individual cases is considered necessary for the prevention and control of the disease. As of January 1, 1994, a total of 49 infectious diseases were designated as notifiable at the national level (Table 1).


ABSTRACT This study draws upon communicative processes in policy transfer to consider the ways in which policy may be adapted to context or distorted. The theoretical framework is used to investigate exactly what the South Korean government borrowed from UK social enterprise policy. Despite claims that the UK was the source of both the general policy direction and the particular regulatory device, the Korean government did not learn about the specific contexts of the British policy, nor attempt two-way communication with domestic stakeholders. Rather, the UK policy was interpreted in accordance with the Korean government's own ideas about how to utilize social enterprise. Historical legacies of top-down decision-making played an important role in this process, as did the state's role as a regulator which mobilizes the private sector to achieve policy goals. The consequences have been negative for those organizations refused social enterprise status under the Ministry of Labor's strict approval system, as well as for the original target population: the socially disadvantaged and vulnerable. It is suggested that the model advanced may help to illuminate the reasons why some borrowed policies differ considerably from the originals, and the use of policy transfer as a means of legitimization.


The invention provides a method and apparatus for alleviating interference of hidden nodes for user equipment using a license-free channel. The method comprises the steps: A. receiving a signaling for requesting transmission from a base station on the license-free channel, wherein the signaling for requesting transmission includes individual identities or group identities for a plurality of user equipment; B. determining whether the signaling for requesting transmission includes the individual identity or the group identity for the user equipment; B1. when the signaling for requesting transmission includes the individual identity or the group identity for the user equipment, transmitting a signaling for allowing transmission to the base station on the license channel or the license-free channel to allow the base station to carry out data transmission to the user equipment; and B2. When the signaling for requesting transmission does not include the individual identity or the group identity for the user equipment, omitting the signaling for requesting transmission. The invention also discloses a method and apparatus for alleviating interference of hidden nodes in a base station using a license-free channel.


Over the past several years, there has been a great interest in topic detection and tracking (TDT). Recently, analyzing general research trend from the huge amount of history documents also arouses considerable attention. However, existing work on TDT mainly focuses on overall trend analysis, and is unable to address questions such as "what determines the evolution of a topic?" and "when and how does a new topic get formed?". In this paper, we propose a core group model to explain the dynamics and further segment topic development. According to the division phase and interphase in the life cycle of a core group, a topic is separated into four states, i.e. birth state, extending state, saturation state and shrinkage state. Experimental results on a real dataset show that the division of a core group brings on the generation of a new topic, and the progress of an entire topic is closely correlated to the growth of a core group during its interphase.


The structure and parameter optimization of electrostatic gyroscope's suspension control system is important for its performance improvement.The particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm was improved using differential evolution and three target velocity equations and was applied to the linear and negative stiffness model of electrostatic suspension system.The results show the new PSO algorithm was improved on convergence and global optimization.The optimized parameters can upgrade the performance of the controller.


The ecological processes that determine how individual animals become hosts to zoonotic pathogens is a topic of rapidly growing interest. However, how such exposure is mediated by context (e.g., season, location), host behavior (e.g., migration distance) and host demographics is generally poorly understood. We evaluated seasonal exposure to West Nile Virus of American robins sampled in Indiana and compared our results to those of previous studies. Because robins that breed in Indiana are partial migrants (i.e., only a portion of the population migrates), we evaluated their probability of exposure to WNV as a function of whether they migrated or not and of their movement distance. We also tagged a subset of breeding robins with tracking devices to evaluate their potential to disperse the virus between Indiana and other regions of the continent. We found that robins that breed in Indiana are exposed to WNV at a higher rate than that detected in previous studies, but found no correlation between robin exposure and whether a robin migrated or not, nor with migration distance, season, sex, and breeding latitude (for robins overwintering in Indiana). Our tracking data indicate that robins that breed in Indiana migrate several hundred miles to overwinter in the southeastern US. The mean duration of their return to Indiana in spring is 10.3 days, which is less than the maximum infectious period found for robins in previous studies, suggesting that they have the capacity to move WNV long distances in spring. However, we still know little about the physiological capacity of robins to migrate while being infectious, which could inhibit the dispersal of the virus through robin migration. Future research on the physiological, ecological and behavioral factors mediating the exposure of birds to WNV will lend insight into the role that robins and other birds play in the transmission ecology of the virus.


During field work done in the late 1980s, the authors documented existing handmade textile technologies still being practiced in Fes, Morocco. The city is particularly remarkable, as it has maintained throughout much of the 20th century an environment wherein the draw loom was still a viable part of the larger economy long after it had become obsolete in most of the rest of the world. They examine a typical Moroccan rayon fabric mainly used for upholstery called the behja , with a typical carnation and crow design. The antecedents of this production are said to be mostly brocaded silk satins imported from Lyons, France. The same patterns are now woven in Moroccan workshops. The fabrication technique used by a famous Fes weaving family is explained in detail. Tables compare textile specifications for jacquard-woven behja fabrics and drawloom-woven behja fabrics.


We analyzed five years of route-specific fish-passage data acquired by fixed-aspect hydroacoustic sampling of juvenile salmonids passing downstream through Bonneville Dam. High passage effectiveness of surface-flow outlets relative to the spillway and turbines suggests that juvenile salmonids are preferentially selecting surface outlets over adjacent turbines. Seasonal estimates showed that median combined effectiveness of surface-flow outlets (7.8) was 7.1 times higher than that of the spillway (1.1) and 9.8 times higher than that of turbines (0.8). Islands prevent the spillway from attracting fish from either powerhouse, something that may occur at other projects. Regressions indicated that percent flow passing a specific route explained from 50 to 97% of fish-passage variation, and relations were useful for evaluating fish-passage alternatives. Fitted curves for surface-passage routes, including the sluiceway at Powerhouse 1 (B1) and Powerhouse 2 (B2) were much steeper at low percent low (2-15%) than were curves for the spillway or turbines. Regressions indicate that increasing surface-flow percentages of B1 flow from 1% to 10% could increase B1 sluiceway-passage efficiency from 40% to 83%. Increasing B2 flow to the B2 sluiceway from 4% to 15% could increase fish passage from 31% to 62%. Without spill, about 50% of fish passed by non-turbine routes.


Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride(PH) combined with neostigmine(NG) reversing residucl muscular relaxation for general anesthesia.Methods:Seventy-five patients for general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups with twenty-five cases each.The patients in group A received PH 0.01 mg/kg+NG 0.02 mg/kg,PH 0.015 mg/kg+NG 0.02 mg/ kg in group B and atropine 0.01 mg/kg+NG 0.02 mg/kg in group C.Having voluntary respiration after the completion of surgery,above mentioned intermixture were given intravenously to reverse the residual muscular relaxation.HR,MAP,RPP,salivary secretion and sideeffects were assessed before drug administration(T0),at 2min(T1),5min(T2),10min(T3),15min(T4) after drug administration.Results:HR and RPP were significantly different in group A and B at T1,T2,T3 compared to those in group C.HR in group B at T1,T2,T3 was significantly declined to that of T0.Conclusion:PH 0.01 mg/kg+NG 0.02 mg/kg can be used with good effect and less side effect.


The Teachers' Law has taken positive effect on building of teaching staff since January 1,1994. As the times go on, some clauses in the Teachers' Law are not suited to the present situation of education judging from the science of law, the technology of legislation, the use of law and the coordination to other laws. The Teachers' Law must be revised quickly.


In this paper, we present a compact and low power bandpass amplifier in the frequency range between 1.5 Hz and 21 kHz. It was designed and simulated in a 65-nm standard Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor process and 1 V power supply. Decreasing the low-cutoff frequency of amplifier to a few Hz in 65-nm technology with modest feedback capacitance is challenging. Thus, this low-cutoff frequency reduction has been performed in two stages: first, by decreasing the OTA's transconductance and second, by using cross-coupled positive feedback that decreased the low-cutoff frequency to around 1 Hz. At the end applying T network-based capacitive feedback in this amplifier decreased the whole capacitance and realized a compact amplifier. The results showed the gain of 30.4 dB for the amplifier and 0.6 μW dissipation from a 1 V power supply.


It has been observed that current pulses in corona-based atmospheric-pressure weakly ionized plasma can be synchronized between needles, dependent on the gap between the needles. This observation was made via a series of experiments utilizing a statistically significant number of current pulses at varying spacing between needles.


It was demonstrated that L-cysteine, P-mercaptoethylamine, 2- iminothiazolidine, N-morpholinylcysteamine, ethylaminoisothiouronium, azidodithiocarbonic ac id, administered in quantities causing a protective action, produce an insignificant but constant lowered excretion of Dische- positive compounds with the urine in the irradiated rats. An analogous effect was noted during the irradiation of rats in an atmosphere with a reduced content of oxygen (10%). (auth)


Introduction. The decentralization reform, which began in 2014, aims not only to change the administrative structure of Ukraine, but also to change the budget system, which leads to an increase in potential risks of inefficient use of budget funds. To minimize the negative consequences of such risks, the public that is most interested in achieving the goals set by the local community budget should be used.

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the implementation of public control over the use of resources of local budgets in the territorial communities of Ukraine.

Methods. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis to study the tools of public scrutiny and surveys to identify the views of civil society activists and experts on public scrutiny during decentralization reform.

Results. The levels and tools of public control over the implementation of local budgets of amalgamated communities were identified in this work. There are four levels: information, consultation, dialogue, partnership. Emphasis is placed on the main instruments of public scrutiny, which include: public hearings, elements of e-democracy, advisory bodies, public councils and local elections.

The results of a sociological survey (by conducting a survey) of public activists and specialists in the field of local finance in Lviv and Kharkiv regions are presented. According to most respondents, NGOs have more opportunities to control the spending of local budgets. The expediency of public control over local budgets was supported by the majority of respondents. Discussion of the use of budget funds, according to most respondents, is the most effective tool for public participation.

The main problems, according to the survey, in the process of using budget funds are the low level of transparency of budget planning and implementation, as well as low efficiency of filling and spending budget funds. According to the results of the study, a number of obstacles to public control over the effective use of budget funds were identified.

Descussion. Further research on public control over the observance of the budgets of territorial communities should focus on the legal features of such measures, as well as the prospects for the use of the tools defined in the article in the future.


Psychopedagogy is a field focused on the study of difficulties in the processes of learning, diagnosis and treatment of their difficulties. The objective of this work is to recognize the importance of the evaluation process present in the psychopedagogical context in order to develop patients in their difficulties. It shows the evaluation as a non-linear investigation of the learning process, but allows the professional to investigate, to raise hypotheses that can be confirmed throughout the process. This is a qualitative approach with the case study of the patient attended during the period of the mandatory stage, before presenting the materials and methods used by the psychopedagogue in the clinic. In this study, the case study of an 8 year old patient who studied in the 2nd year of elementary school was observed, and held in a mandatory internship at Clinica Aprender. It was shown step by step the entire process of psychopedagogical / patient relationship, from the beginning of the sections, interview with the family, materials used during the diagnosis period. After the whole process, the data collected through interviews and diagnosis were analyzed. All the approach used was based on psychopedagogical evaluation, being this one of the critical parts of the psychopedagogical intervention, since it is based on the measures of prevention and solution of the possible difficulties of the patients.


We consider a zero-thickness 2DEG of width W and of length Lx = L in the presence of a strong magnetic field B along the z axis. We take the confining potential flat in the interior of the 2DEG (Vy = 0) and parabolic at its edges, Vy = m ∗2 (y − yr) 2 /2, y ≥ yr. Vy is assumed smooth on the scale of l0 = (¯ h/m ∗ ωc) 1/2 such that ≪ ωc, where ωc = |e|B/m ∗ is the cyclotron frequency (e < 0). In the Landau gauge for the vector potential A = (−By,0,0) the one-electron Hamiltonian ˆ 0 is given by


Economic development in India has been uneven, in spite of dazzling growth in gross domestic product in the past decade, but a fiscal crisis appears to be possible, especially given the internal disturbances in the country and the threat of external uncertainty. An additional concern is environmental damage, which can be reversed by the honest enforcement of proper civil engineering principles and technical conditions; indeed, about 90% of India's economic growth can be estimated as engineering growth, given the massive outlays to housing, infrastructure, defense production, agriculture production, and related engineering industries. This paper proposes that declaring a financial emergency to allow land acquisition for freeway construction and infrastructure development may be the only alternative that will allow the Indian economy to move forward. The paper extends a management theory of leadership to nations, explores the types of emergencies allowed in democratic India, studies the process of declaring...


of time. On this, both Moltmann and Ansell agree; yet while Moltmann understands redemption to be a reversal, Ansell persuasively understands it as a fulfillment. And while clearly indebted to Moltmann's achievements, Ansell is very convincing in both his analysis of Moltmann's shortcomings, as well as his proposals for moving forward. The book's length, depth, and breadth make it not for the faint of heart, but it remains indispensable for students of Moltmann's thought or those engaged in the study of eschatology. Rich in its detail, compelling in its arguments, and ultimately stirring in its implications, Ansell's book has achieved a great success.


Studies in English Church Music, 1550-1900. By Nicholas Temperley. Variorum Collected Studies Series. (Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate, 2009, Pp ix, 356. $134.59.) Nicholas Temperley, a musicologist at the University of Illinois, has been performing an important, though unrecognized, service to the church that contributes to our understanding of its history and worship. Our understanding of music and worship in England since the Reformation is fundamentally that of the cathedrals and great churches; Temperley has done his research where most people lived and worshiped: in the parish church - a very different place, with vastly different goals. As he argued in Music in English Parish Churches (Cambridge, now in its third edition, 2007), parish music is much more reflective of the actual life of the church than the (wonderful, artistic, but aristocratic and isolated) music of the cathedrals. As is typical of the Variorum series, this volume consists of collected articles and essays that have been published previously. Much of its contents is easily available in Music in English Parish Churches, but three of the essays' contents are research of significance which post-date that work: "Hymn Books of the Foundling and Magdalene Chapels," "The Lock Hospital Chapel and its Music," and "Ancient and Modern in the Work of Sir John Stainer." Temperley's study of the music at London's three major charity hospitals (along with the whole structure of charity schools in London) is important in understanding the whole scope of musical liturgical style as it developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in both Great Britain and the United States. Through these institutions, worship and music moved from an activity which was performed by clergy, clerk, and congregation, or by associations of amateurs for their own spiritual and social benefit, to a spectator sport. Charity students in the parishes provided a ready source of performers of music in the new treble-dominated style, and children and young women served the same purpose as part of the fund-raising services at the Foundling and Magdalene hospitals. Since one of the major purposes of services at the hospitals was fashionable but sacred entertainment (George Frideric Handel was an important musical patron of the Foundling Hospital Chapel), music at these hospitals was reflective of popular styles of the time - for example, it is in their music books that we see the replacement of tenor-range melody with the Italianate dominance of the treble. Temperley's study of the Lock Hospital is of particular importance to an understanding of hymnody in nineteenth and twentieth-century Anglicanism. …


Photograph of exhibit from collection of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) materials during "50 Years of LGBT History in Texas" event at Willis Library.


Leaching of nitrogen (N) in intensive irrigated agriculture can be a significant loss pathway. Though many studies have focussed on losses of mineral N, and in particular nitrate, dissolved organic N (DON) has received less coverage. In the present study, over a 5-year period (2008–2013), 740kgNha–1 fertiliser was applied to an irrigated cotton–wheat–maize rotation on a cracking clay (grey Vertosol). Deep drainage from the undisturbed soil profile at the site was measured at 2.1m below the soil surface using a variable tension lysimeter. In total, 108mm of drainage occurred during the 5 years and the majority of the drainage and the irrigations occurred during the cotton seasons. The majority of the N loss occurred during the first 3–4 irrigations and neither the N loss nor its composition were affected by the product or timing of the fertiliser application. The N in the drainage was composed of 12.8kgNOx-Nha–1, 8.7 DON-N and 0.1 NH4+-Nkgha–1, which shows that DON is an important component (40%) of the deep drainage N from irrigated Vertosol cotton production systems. Overall the total N flux lost via deep drainage represents 3% of the applied N fertiliser.


This paper analyses the humor in the script of "Scheme" in terms of IR theory and CI theory in cognitive field,expatiates on the mechanism of laughter effects in the Script of "Scheme" whose humor centers on a pregnant rooster.Though the four-mental space mode of CI theory,we discovered that the common place of laughter was the integration of human space and animal space.


Abstract In this study, the energy absorption characteristics of braided composite tubes with different fiber architectures were investigated. It is clarified that the main fracture mechanism of braided composite tubes under progressive crushing was the central crack dominant. Moreover, the prediction of the mean crush load under progressive crushing was carried out by applying fracture mechanics. Es value could be predicted within 5 % error.


The visible absorption band of iodine adsorbed on zeolite blue-shifted with increasing the electropositivity of the countercation and the aluminum content in the framework. This phenomenon was attributed to the increase in the donor strength of the zeolite framework based on the analogous spectral shift of iodine in solution. In support of this, a negative linear correlation was observed between the measured visible bands of iodine adsorbed on various zeolites and their calculated Sanderson's intermediate electronegativities. However, the simultaneous change in the electrostatic field strength within the zeolite pores, as a result of the change in the number and the size of the cation, has to be taken into account in order to interpret the overall spectral shifts more precisely. The iodine band sensitively blue-shifted with decreasing the moisture content in the framework but red-shifted with the loss of NH3 from NH4+-exchanged zeolites. The visible band of iodine also progressively red-shifted with incre...


• ALT H G ET AL: "Syndiospecific polymerization of propylene: new metallocene complexes of type (C13H8-nRnCR'R''C5H4)MCl2 (n = 0,2; R = Alkyl, Aryl, Hal; R', R'' = H, Alkyl, Aryl; M = Zr, Hf) with special regard for different bridge substituents" JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, ELSEVIER-SEQUOIA S.A. LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 518, no. 1-2, 1 January 1996 (1996-01-01), pages 7-15, XP008098921 ISSN: 0022-328X


Users count on digital identities to make everyday's tasks and for this reason digital identities become valuable assets. Within networked and interconnected information systems arena, where digital identity related risks arise, effective digital identity management is required in order to secure and protect them. We provide from the literature and discuss taxonomy of digital identity management based on definition-focus. Digital identity management should change from being vertical or functional into inter-information systems and horizontal integrated business processes with service orientations. While, user-supremacy processes guarantee user control over attributes and privacy but they should be integrated and aligned to common networked information systems' security policies and business strategy.


Malting barley cultivation experiment was carried out to study the cultivation and management techniques for high-yielding and stability-yielding of melting barley in nine experimental demonstration regions of Hexi district in Gansu province.Scientific fertilization,reasonable irrigation,prompt seeding and prevention of damage by disease and insect are considered to be main techniques for cultivation and managements of malting barley.


In this paper analysis and generalization of the sc ientific and educational properties of information textbooks on nano-electronics, created from the scientists of the Institute of Electronics at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Power Institute at the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, the National Technical Universities of Ukraine: "Kiev P olytechnic Institute" and "Polytechnic University of Lvov" is presented. The prepared monographs are also textbooks and they are based on the authors own most significant research results and on result s obtained in leading companies and academia of various developed countries in the world.


In his 1945 study of Shakespeare's use of humoral psychology, John W. Draper noted that the supposedly choleric Petruchio's strategy for subduing the equally volatile Katherine "is to out-Herod Herod." (1) Though Draper doubtless intended his remark to be no more than metaphorical, I propose to take it literally. Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew, I shall argue, is subtly informed by a metatheatrical awareness of Herod and, more specifically, of the styles of acting that distinguished his character on the early English stage. That Shakespeare knew of the conventions and characters of Corpus Christi cycle drama is beyond question. What remains unclear is whether his knowledge was derived, either wholly or at least in part, from first-hand childhood experience as an audience member. Although the young Shakespeare may have developed a taste for live theater in Stratford itself, which frequently played host to licensed traveling players from 1569, (2) his home town had no tradition of Corpus Christi drama. But as many scholars have speculated, Shakespeare may have witnessed one or more performances of the biblical cycle play staged during the week-long Great Fair of Corpus Christi at nearby Coventry. He certainly had ample opportunity to do so. Although no longer the regular annual event it had been before the Reformation--it was not performed during the plague years of 1564 and 1575, for example--the city's cycle play was staged on numerous occasions during Shakespeare's childhood prior to its discontinuation in 1580, when he was sixteen. The Coventry Fair was evidently a large tourist draw, attracting thousands of visitors and their purses. One seventeenth-century antiquary noted that "the confluence of people from farr and neare to see that Shew was extraordinary great, and yielded noe small advantage to this Cittye." (3) As the son of one of Stratford's leading local politicians in the 1560s and 1570s, whose official administrative business took him to Coventry on several occasions, it is hard to imagine Shakespeare and his father not attending a nearby event invested with considerable civic and even national significance. In the absence of any incontrovertible evidence that Shakespeare was an audience member at a performance of the Coventry cycle, however, potentially illuminating points of contact between the mystery drama and his own have been for the most part neglected. (4) A passage in the wedding scene of The Taming of the Shrew--a play that contains more references to Warwickshire locations than any other by Shakespeare (5)--hints that he did see the Coventry cycle, and that one of its episodes may have made a lasting impression on him. The specific connection I shall sketch between the Coventry play and The Taming of the Shrew differs from the type of strictly intertextual relation conventionally adduced by scholars of source studies. I am proposing instead a relation of intertheatricality. This different relation, I shall argue, consists less in textual transmission--although there may be elements of that too--than in critical reproduction of a style of performance most notable for the actor's over-the-top self-presentation, including exaggerated gestural techniques, dazzling costumes, and deafening verbal delivery. I shall term this style "acting up." The phrase not only suggests the hyperbolic tendencies of the style, which required the actor's volume knob to be decisively turned up (loud delivery! loud body language! loud apparel!); it also captures something of the socially transgressive behavior tyranny, shrewishness--that the style was frequently employed to represent on the early English stage. The phrase additionally hints at the potentially transgressive status gap that so frequently obtained between the player and his character; to impersonate a middle eastern tyrant or even a young woman from a rich Paduan mercantile family, the player of the provincial Corpus Christi stage and the London commercial theater alike had to act "up" in a class as much as a histrionic sense. …


Evolution of existing paradigms on regenerative capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) and eventual role of immune cells in restoration of damaged nervous tissue offers new prospectives in treatment


The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, whatever criticisms we might have of their details, have been a major triumph of law reform. They have served for fifty years substantially intact, a statement that can be made of few other pieces of major legislation in our era. They have been adopted in a majority of the states' and have been a principal source of borrowing in states with strong traditions of autonomy in matters of procedural law, notably California, Illinois, and New York.2 Moreover, within almost every state, a procedure based on the Federal Rules governs most types of civil litigation. Taking account of their use in state courts, Federal Rules provisions thus apply to virtually every type of contested civil case involving interests of substantial financial or social significance.' Indeed, the comprehensive scope of the Federal Rules is now the basis of complaints against them. I wish to address two basic criticisms of the Federal Rules. One criticism emanates primarily from the corporate and business sector and concerns the broad scope of discovery under the Federal Rules. The criticism is that Federal Rules discovery permits excessive intrusion


4. In Table 3 the authors incorrectly interpreted the results by considering that OR>0 indicated a positive or negative predictor. Following publication, the authors consulted a statistician who advised that a cutoff of OR>1 should have been used instead. Furthermore, the high OR values and broad confidence intervals did not support conclusions including statements of statistical significance.


The organisation of insolvency proceedings with an international element is not an easy or straightforwardquest. It is a quest that has attracted considerable academic, legislative andjudicial attention. Solutions to the phenomenonof cross-border insolvency are reliant on a number of complex and interrelated questions to which the courts and legislatures in di¡erent jurisdictions have provided very varying answers. By far the most important of these questions stems from the relationship between insolvency law and more orthodox private international law doctrines. As a species of con£ict of laws, some of these principles have had to undergo anecessary evolution in order to take account of the speci¢c features of insolvency. In insolvency law, the involvement of the state in determining procedural outcomes, the way in which participants in insolvency are treated, particularly employees and local creditors, and how claims of di¡ering natures are reconciled, result in priorities internal to the procedure and to domestic law that are often not shared by other jurisdictions. Especially crucial thus to understanding whycross-border insolvencies are regarded as having this special character is how e¡orts at managing insolvencies have tried to palliate the di¡erences between domestic systems. The question of multiplicity or proliferation of laws applicable to the resolution of disputes is a particularly important question to ask in international insolvency law and one to which the branch of private international law applied in insolvency does not always provide an answer. In order to provide a response to the phenomenon of the cross-border insolvency, it is necessary to consider whether the number and variety of proceedings that are likely to be brought into existence to dealwith the organisation of the debtor's insolvency and attendant issues have a bearing on the e⁄ciency of the process. This is patently an important consideration for the direct and undeniable relationship between the proliferation of proceedings and the reduction of assets absorbed by costs, leading to the diminution of funds available for the optimal outcome,whether this involves satisfying creditors or organising rescue. The exercise of control over assets by avery limited number of courts is seen as desirable because it is potentially


We point out that the so-called soft leptogenesis can occur at the TeV scale if the B term is generated through radiative corrections which involve two-loop diagrams with the gaugino exchange. This mechanism requires the nontrivial CP phase, $\mathrm{Im}{(Am}_{1/2}^{*})\ensuremath{\ne}0,$ and can naturally explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe associated with the TeV scale seesaw mechanism. Such a low scale leptogenesis would be a promising option in view of the tight upper limit on the reheat temperature avoiding the gravitino problem in supergravity models.


Sardine oil is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). The oil showed a significant proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the percentages of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) being 16 and 14% respectively. Gastroprotective activities of sardine oil (Sardinella longiceps) were examined in ulcer induced rats. Sardine oil has significant anti-secretory activity as evidenced by decreased gastric fluid volume, total acidity, and increase in the pH of the gastric fluid in ethanol/HCl induced rats. Our studies also revealed that pretreatment with sardine oil significantly reduced the number of ulcer, ulcer score and ulcer index in ethanol/HCl treated rats. The anti-ulcer activity of sardine oil is further supported by histopathological study, which showed protection of the mucosal layer from ulceration. Furthermore, this oil showed significant reversal of ethanol-diminished activity in antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, and GSH. The overall findings conclude that oil of Sardinella longiceps has a significant proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and potent anti-ulcer effects. Hence, sardine oil may be a suitable natural source for the prevention and treatment of gastric lesions.


Warm inflation is an interesting possibility of describing the early universe, whose basic feature is the absence, at least in principle, of a preheating or reheating phase. Here we analyze the dynamics of warm inflation generalizing the usual slow-roll parameters that are useful for characterizing the inflationary phase. We study the evolution of entropy and adiabatic perturbations, where the main result is that for a very small amount of dissipation the entropy perturbations can be neglected and the purely adiabatic perturbations will be responsible for the primordial spectrum of inhomogeneities. Taking into account the COBE-DMR data of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy as well as the fact that the interval of inflation for which the scales of astrophysical interest cross outside the Hubble radius is about 50 e-folds before the end of inflation, we could estimate the magnitude of the dissipation term. It was also possible to show that at the end of inflation the universe is hot enough to provide a smooth transition to the radiation era.


In 1967, the American language philosopher Grice has put forward a famous theory of the cooperative principle at the Harvard University. He believes that in the process of people's communication, conversations between the two sides in naturally or unconsciously follows a principle in order to effectively complete the task of communication. Grice proposed that people in communication must follow the general principles of authenticity, information, relevance and clarity. This paper analyzes words which are from movie Twelve Years a Slave based on the cooperative principle. By means of combination between the sentence meaning and the specific context, audiences are easy to understand characters and theme of the film. What's more, it is important for people to better understand, grasp and use the cooperative principle.


Background and Aims: The presence of altered plasma Na concentration (PNa) allows calculations of changes in water and electrolyte contents, which are not feasible during normonatremic derangements. We have developed a computational algorithm whereby the changes in solute (ΔNa and ΔCl) and solvent (ΔV) contents can be computed exactly when Na is lost entirely as NaCl (or NaHCO3) and nearly exactly in all other circumstances, except when the losses of Na and Cl occur in the same proportions as those of the normal plasma concentration of these ions. Methods: In computer experiments, we simulated different fluid depletions containing 140 mEq/l of Na (which is to say, ΔNa/ΔV ≈ 140), coupled with variable ratios in Na to Cl losses (variable ΔNa/ΔCl). The data were back-calculated with our algorithms from the ensuing plasma ion concentrations (PNa1, PCl1 and POAN1, where subscript ₀ and 1 indicate normal and deranged plasma concentration values, respectively, and OAN indicates anions other than Cl), as if they had been measured on patients, and from known normal values (TBW₀, ECV₀, Na₀). These were compared to the true values used to build the simulations. This procedure was reproduced in 17 patients suffering from iso-osmolar dehydration, where true data were obtained by balance studies. Results: True and calculated data were compared with linear regression analysis. We obtained significant correlations both in computer-simulated and real patients (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.005 and R2 = 0.63, p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: This new math model and its related computational method are useful in the correct evaluation and treatment of iso-osmolar dehydration.


We elucidate the physics underlying "anomaly mediation", giving several al- ternative derivations of the formulas for gaugino and scalar masses. We stress that this phenomenon is of a type familiar in field theory, and does not represent an anomaly, nor does it depend on supersymmetry breaking and its mediation. Analogous phenomena are common in QFT and this particular phenomenon occurs also in supersymmetric theories without gravity.


Abstract This brief comment explores the significance of a number of current lawsuits brought against Catholic Church leaders in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, in the context of enduring failures of justice for Australian victims of Catholic clerical child sexual abuse. It examines the obstacles to criminal and civil justice that have prevented Church superiors from being held to account for child sexual abuse perpetrated in Catholic institutions, and explains the responsibility of Australian governments, courts and the Catholic Church to further justice for survivors1 in this context.


The invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle, a control system and a control method thereof and a method of controlling landing of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a vehicle body, a power unit connected to the vehicle body, a control device disposed on the vehicle body and a rising and landing device disposed on the vehicle body. The power unit and the rising and landing device are respectively electrically connected to the control device. The control device includes a landing surface detection module. The control device is used for controlling the working modes of the power unit and the rising and landing device when the landing surface detection module detects that the landing destination of the unmanned aerial vehicle is a water surface so as to allow the unmanned aerial vehicle to land on the water surface and sail. The unmanned aerial vehicle can fly in air and sail in water.


Changes in vascular structure contribute to vascular events and loss of brain health. We examined changes in cerebral arterioles at the onset of hypertension and the hypothesis that alterations during hypertension would recover with return of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to normal. MAP was measured with radiotelemetry in awake male C57BL/6J mice at baseline, during infusion of vehicle or angiotensin II (Ang II, 1.4 mg/kg per day using osmotic pumps) for 28 days, followed by a 28 day recovery. With Ang II treatment, MAP increased through day 28. On day 30, MAP began to recover, reaching levels not different from vehicle on day 37. We measured intravascular pressure, diameter, wall thickness (WT), wall:lumen ratio (W:L), cross-sectional area (CSA), and slope of the tangential elastic modulus (ET) in maximally dilated arterioles. Variables were similar in both groups at day 1, with no significant change with vehicle treatment. With Ang II, CSA, WT and W:L increased on days 7-28. Internal diameter was reduced at 14 and 28 days. ET versus wall stress was reduced on days 7-28. During recovery, diameter remained at day 14 and 28 values while other variables returned partly or completely to normal. Thus, CSA, WT, W:L and ET vs wall stress changed rapidly during hypertension and recovered with MAP. In contrast, inward remodeling developed slowly and did not recover. This lack of recovery has mechanistic implications for the long-term impact of hypertension on vascular determinants of brain health.


The purpose of this study is to describe Organizational Citizenship Behavior, work engagement, organizational support and quality of work life of employees at the Department of Public Works, Bina Marga and Spatial Planning, Bojonegoro Regency. And to analyze the effect of organizational support and quality of work life on Organizational Citizenship Behavior through work engagement. This type of research uses explanatory research with a quantitative research approach. The population in this study were all employees of the Department of Public Works, Highways and Spatial Planning, Bojonegoro Regency, totaling 52 people and the sample was also 52 people using a census sampling technique. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and documentation. Methods of data analysis using SEM with PLS. The results showed Organizational Citizenship Behavior, work engagement, organizational support and quality of work life of employees in the high category. Organizational support for work engagement has a positive but not significant effect. Quality of work life has a significant effect on work engagement. Organizational support, quality of work life and work engagement have a significant effect on OCB. Organizational support for OCB through work engagement has an insignificant effect, quality of work life for OCB through work engagement has a significant effect.


A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the potential of two cactus species, Echinopsis chilensis and Eulychnia acida, to evolve defensive traits against the parasitic mistletoe Tristerix aphyllus (Loranthaceae). The adaptive value of host traits against parasitism was inferred through: (1) identification of the relevant characters of cacti to prevent infection, (2) evaluation of the fitness impact of parasitism on cacti, and (3) estimation of the linear and nonlinear selection coefficients on the relevant characters. Different lines of experimental and correlative evidence indicated that spine length was important in preventing individuals of the two cactus species from becoming parasitized. However, the impact of the mistletoe on cactus fecundity was contingent on the species involved. Even though parasitism decreased fruit production, seed number per fruit, and the total seed output in E. chilensis, low and nonsignificant linear and nonlinear gradients of selection were prevalent in this speci...


The purpose of this thesis is to offer a critical reflection on the goal of
pediatric training for the physician upon graduation from medical school. It
represents an attempt to attain a social foundation for pediatric knowledge
based on an introspective review of official standards and perceptions of recent
graduates.
From the standpoint of methology, in order to reach this goal offcial documents
regarding Medical Education were selected from the panamerican Health
Organiszation (PHO),the Ministry of Education (Secretary of Higher Education and
the Commission on Medical Education Specialistas), and the Brazilian Association
of Medical Education. Qualitative research was also carried out among a group of
recent graduates, first-year residents in pediatrics, at two public non-versity
hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro that had been accredited as resident
hospitals. Analysis of data the empirical materail showed the basis of the
contrast between the selected research material and theoretical material, and
official documents pertaining to the subject.
These procedures produced results suggesting that the current of pediatric
Eduacation points up the need to reexamine its own final objectives.
The concept of the child, after analyzing the countless variables led to a final
conclusion:the child is simply a person that is not well understood.
Communication and-despite its singularity the doctor-patient relationship is
seen to be characterized by the presence of a barrier.
The attitudes, feelings, feelings and emotions amons among these recent graduates
are evidence of their preplexity.


The world has witnessed many atrocities since the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, better known as the Khmer Rouge, marched into Phnom Penh on 17 April 1975 and unleashed a regime of terror of more than three and a half years on the Cambodian people in which an estimated quarter of the population perished. However, the fate that befell this small South-East Asian nation continues to grip and challenge the imagination. Perhaps it is the notion of the State turning on its own people on such an unprecedented scale that is so difficult to fathom. Perhaps it is the tranquil, smiling populace, forging a space in the modern era against the proud backdrop of the ancient Angkorian temples that makes such a dark recent history so improbable. Or perhaps it is the scales of justice, finally weighing in, more than thirty years after the crimes in defiance of donor countries' 'tribunal fatigue', that have refocused the world's attention. The Khmer Rouge takeover had been preceded by a struggle for power which saw Prince Norodom Sihanouk, who had abdicated and governed Cambodia since independence in 1953, overthrown by Prime Minister Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak on 17 March 1970. The new government was allied to the United States in the Vietnam War, fuelling Khmer Rouge resentment as well as that of Sihanouk who aligned himself with the communists. The Khmer Rouge gradually consolidated its power and control of territory, and when the time was seen to be ripe to institute the planned nationwide 'agrarian dictatorship', it easily overpowered the weak and corrupt Lon Nol government.


Abstract The road towards effective implementation of international humanitarian law (IHL) is a continuous process where important milestones will be reached at each step. As part of such a process, national committees and similar entities on IHL have played a key driving role. As with most long-haul road trips, one tends to start with an idea of the roads that will be taken and what the end destination will look like. In this case, the common destination is better respect for IHL. While the destination never changes, the different roads to be travelled can multiply, creating new opportunities through events that arise, and actors encountered along the way. Likewise, when the first national IHL committees were formed in the 1970s to advise and assist their States on the domestic implementation of IHL, they undoubtedly followed different roadmaps from those followed today. As IHL has evolved to keep pace with new realities of warfare, so too has the work of national IHL committees. New treaties have been adopted, new interpretations have been agreed upon, requiring new domestic laws and measures. This article will begin by pinpointing where exactly the journey started for national IHL committees, highlighting that the creation of these bodies coincided with important developments across the international landscape which would come to reinforce domestic implementation of IHL. In the second section, the authors will provide a detailed mapping of the roads generally travelled by these entities, with the intention to showcase the multi-faceted nature of their work and the innumerable milestones achieved along the way. The final section will explore the material, political and structural road bumps which are slowing down the work of some national IHL committees and will provide recommendations on how these entities may overcome these hurdles.


Hyperthermia is a prominent clinical issue facing many patients who deal with conditions that range from chronic illness and fever, to hormonally induced transient shifts in body temperature (i.e., hot flashes). Within the brain, neurons in the anterior and preoptic areas of the hypothalamus (PO/AH) are known for their role in regulating body temperature, but little is known about how these thermoregulatory neurons network with other regions to produce shifts in body temperature. Recent anatomical data has demonstrated that the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) may be one region in which thermoeffector neurons are located. When this region is electrically stimulated, there is a significant increase in heat production, leading to hyperthermia (Nakamura, 2004). This suggests that neurons in the PO/AH may have a direct connection to the DMH, in order to regulate body temperature (Morrison, 2004).


As an acanthomorph fish, Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi)was easily contaminated by toxin. This paper analyzed the structure and evolution position of soluble glutathione S -transferase (GST)in Chinese perch, which played an important role in detoxification. We got the alpha and rho GST (GSTA and GSTR)cDNA sequences from the liver of Chinese perch by RT -PCR and RACE. Results showed that total length of GSTA and GSTR were 1052bp and 935bp, respectively, flanked by 118bp 5′ UTR, 262bp 3′ UTR and 55bp 5′ UTR, 202bp 3′ UTR, respectively, and encoding 223 and 225 amino acid, respectively. In addition, the position of GSTA and GSTR in phylogenetic trees was similar to its classification position.


Objective To evaluate the efficiency of amiodarone in preventing the occurrence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (RVF) after aortic cross-clamp (ACC) release in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Methods We searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases through January 2021 for relevant studies addressing the efficacy of amiodarone in preventing RVF after ACC release in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A complete statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to express the results of dichotomous outcomes using random or fixed-effect models. The chi-square test and I2 test were used to calculate heterogeneity. Results Seven studies (856 enrolled patients; 311 in the amiodarone group, 268 in the lidocaine group, and 277 in the placebo group) were selected for the meta-analysis. The incidence of RVF was significantly decreased in the amiodarone group compared to the placebo group (RR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.50–0.94, P = 0.02). However, amiodarone and lidocaine did not confer any significant difference (RR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.61–1.59, P = 0.94). The percentage of patients requiring electric defibrillation counter shocks (DCSs) did not confer any significant difference between patients administered amiodarone and lidocaine or placebo (RR = 1.58, 95%CI: 0.29–8.74, P = 0.60; RR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.27–1.10, P = 0.09; respectively). Conclusions Amiodarone is more effective than a placebo in preventing RVF after ACC release in cardiac surgery. However, the amiodarone group required the same number of electrical DCSs to terminate RVF as the lidocaine or placebo groups.


The model of porcine islet cell transplant to the diabetic macaque is well accepted to study efficacy in and immunological interference. This life-supporting model is therefore considered an integral component in translational research, i.e. in efficacy-toxicity studies before the phase transition to clinical trials. Diabetes reversal and graft survival >180 days has been achieved in incidental cases, but not in a consistent way. Especially later after transplantation complications can become manifest that are intrinsic to the model:

•
 There are metabolic incompatibilities in the insulin-glucose homeostasis between species. Fasting glucose levels are lower in monkeys than in pigs or man, and on the other hand C-peptide levels are higher. In most studies efficacy is associated with moderate hyperglycemia. Insulin secretory capacity in vitro and in vivo is much lower in pigs than in human or monkeys. Hence, the amount and quality of porcine islets needed in the pig-to-monkey transplant setting differ from those in the pig-to-human setting.

•
 The efficacy-toxicity window of immunosuppressive drugs is smaller in nonhuman primates than in humans, in particular for small molecular weight xenobiotics. Chronic immunosuppression can induce gastrointestinal toxicity and cachexia, as a result of the high exposure to poorly absorbable drugs necessary to achieve acceptable systemic trough levels can result ingastrointestinal toxicity, with lipid wasting, malabsorption, and inflammation. This affects the diabetes model, namely a reduced challenge of the insulin-producing machinery thanks to protein and carbohydrate malabsorption, wasting and body weight loss.

•
 Husbandry and management of nonhuman primates in chronic survival studies is complicated, in particular under conditions of metabolic perturbations and chronic immunosuppression. In our unit an animal refinement program has been implemented to achieve optimal well-being. Under such conditions long-term survival is facilitated, but also model limitations become more evident.

We conclude that there are intrinsic aspects in the pig-to-nonhuman primate model of life-supporting islet transplantation that are not apparent in short-term survival studies, but become manifest later after transplantation. If long-term survival is achieved, it might not unequivocally reflect good graft function, but rather a condition of marginal graft challenge and insulin secreting activity. This phenomenon has consequences for the design and interpretation of pivotal preclinical studies in preparation for the phase transition to clinical trials.


Using the vacuum bag technique for the patches of boron fiber/epoxy(Bf/epoxy) composites,the center-cracked aluminum alloy plates with different thickness were repaired,and then the fatigue properties of the repaired specimens were tested.The fatigue life,crack growth rate and crack growth lag of the repaired specimens were investigated under fatigue loadings.The results show that the fatigue life of the center-cracked aluminum alloy plates is increased by repairing with Bf/epoxy patches,and the increment of fatigue life decreases with the increase of the plate thickness.The fatigue life of the repaired specimens with thicknesses of 1.76mm,5.20mm and 10.20mm is 22.30 times,12.84 times and 8.40 times that of those unrepaired specimens respectively.The repaired specimens with thickness of 1.76mm can still bear fatigue loading when the aluminum alloy plate fractured completely,while the repaired specimens with thickness of 5.20mm and 10.20mm can not do so.Both crack growth rate and normalized crack length difference increase with the increase of the plate thickness.


This paper analyzes the college students' physical quality changes after different exercises with body bass Index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio.The results shows that college students' body assimilation and alienation role in the balance,gender differences are not the vital reason for changes in body shape and physical condition,choosing a different training project will create a different body shape,and effect on the improvement of physical quality differently.


Abstract The consequences of insecurity in Somalia to the government of Kenya and its citizens is well documented: massive flows of refugees since the collapse of the Siyad Barre regime in 1991; cross-border violence including poaching, cattle-rustling, kidnappings, and trafficking of illegal goods; and, lately, threats of attacks and jihad from al-Shabaab, the terrorist group which is aligned with Osama bin Laden and, therefore, al-Qaeda. The lack of security and a viable government in Somalia continue to threaten the sovereignty and security of Kenya. As policymakers, military officials, and academics attempt to find solutions to the failed state of Somalia, another dimension of the problem (but also a potential avenue for useful exploration) warrants academic attention and insight – namely, examination of the ethnic Somali populations outside of Somalia and their influence on the politics (and lack thereof) within Somalia itself. This article offers an initial analysis of one subset of the Somali people outside Somalia, Kenyan Somalis.


It a analyzes the actuality of mechanical equipment management of constructing enterprises.According to problems existed in mechanical equipment management of constructing enterprises,it brings forward solving measures of mechanical equipment management from society and enterprises,in order to achieve the aim of improving equipment management.


BACKGROUND Patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants have limited access to MRI due to safety concerns associated with RF-induced heating. Currently, MRI in these patients is allowed only in 1.5T horizontal scanners and with pulse sequences with reduced power. Nevertheless, off-label use of MRI at 3T is increasingly reported based on limited safety assessments. Here we present results of systematic RF heating measurements for two commercially available DBS systems during MRI at 1.5T and 3T. PURPOSE To assess the effect of imaging landmark, DBS lead configuration, and patient body composition on RF heating of DBS leads during MRI at 1.5 T and 3T. STUDY TYPE Phantom study. POPULATION/SUBJECTS/PHANTOM/SPECIMEN/ANIMAL MODEL Gel phantoms and cadaver brain. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T and 3T, T1-weighted turbo spin echo. ASSESSMENT RF heating was measured at tips of DBS leads implanted in brain-mimicking gel. STATISTICAL TESTS None. RESULTS We observed substantial fluctuation in RF heating mainly affected by phantom composition and DBS lead configuration, ranging from 0.14°C to 23.73°C at 1.5 T, and from 0.10°C to 7.39°C at 3T. The presence of subcutaneous fat substantially altered RF heating at electrode tips (−3.06°C < ΔT < 19.05°C). Introducing concentric loops in the extracranial portion of the lead at the surgical burr hole reduced RF heating by up to 89% at 1.5T and up to 98% at 3T compared to worst case heating scenarios. DATA CONCLUSION Device configuration and patient body composition significantly altered the RF heating of DBS leads during MRI at 1.5T and 3T. Interestingly, certain lead trajectories consistently reduced RF heating and image artifact over different imaging landmarks, RF frequencies, and phantom compositions. Such trajectories could be implemented in patients with minimal disruption to the surgical workflow.


Fuel cells are devices that produce electric power by means of the chemical reaction of oxygen and fuels more efficiently than current technologies, and they are expected to become a cleaner source of energy. Despite considerable recent advances, especially in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), existing technology still has drawbacks, including kinetic limitations on the oxygen reduction reaction and the instability of Pt catalysts and polymer membranes nearby, in particular during startup–shutdown cycles. The chemical reactions are uneven throughout the reaction field and not well understood. A central issue in fuel cell research is the measurement of the parameters that determine performance during cell operation, a difficult task owing to the structure of these devices. The distribution of liquid water in operating fuel cells has been measured and imaged through neutron radiography, by NMR spectroscopy, and by X-ray microtomography, and temperatures have been recorded with a thermograph. Hydrogen cross-over from the anode to cathode has been studied by mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance imaging in an operating PEMFC. Oxygen consumption and H2O2 formation, as well as the local catalytic activity of a catalyst have been investigated and visualized in solution with a scanning electrochemical microscope. However, to improve the performance and durability of PEMFCs, it is crucial to understand distributions in real time not only of liquid water but also of reactants and products (oxygen, fuel, CO2, water vapor, etc.) throughout the cell. Here we present a laboratoryuse, nondestructive system for visualizing oxygen distribution in the interior of the operating fuel cells which relies on dye films painted on the transparent gas flow field. Oxygen partial pressures were successfully visualized with spatial and time resolutions of 300 mm and 500 ms, respectively. We found that the oxygen distribution in PEMFC is not in accordance with that expected based on the current, which suggests a significant contribution from water. This imaging system is applicable to other important parameters such as water, carbon monoxide, and temperature, and should help in the design of new fuel cell separators and a reaction field called a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). An oxygen-sensitive porphyrin, tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinatoplatinum (PtTFPP), was used in the visualization system. This dye complex was dispersed in an oxygenpermeable polymer matrix, poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (pTMSP), for making a thin, water-insoluble dye film. To understand the properties of the dye film, we placed the film in an environment with controlled oxygen partial pressure (mixtures of oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor at 0–26 kPa of a total of approximately 101.3 kPa), temperature, and humidity, and irradiated it with a laser light at a wavelength of 407 nm. The emission from the film was filtered (> 600 nm), and the intensity was measured with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Figure 1a shows a Stern–Volmer plot of the


: This descriptive study aimed to determine the managerial practices of administrators among Higher Education Institutions in Western Visayas and their influence on faculty work satisfaction, commitment and productivity for SY 2013-2014. The subjects of the study were 61 administrators and 297 faculty selected through proportionate clustered sampling from 15 HEIs in Western Visayas. The researcher's made questionnaires which were subjected to validity and reliability testing were used to gather the data. The statistical tools used in this study were the mean, standard deviations, frequency, percentage, t-test, One-Way ANOVA and the Pearson's product-moment coefficient of correlation set at 0.05 alpha levels. The findings revealed that the managerial practices of administrators in planning, both when taken as a whole and when grouped as to antecedent variables were: incorporating the institutions' vision, mission, and goals; making plans and decisions according to the policies, guidelines and CHED Memo Orders and conducting meetings to discuss performance , accomplishments, plans and problems. In organizing, the prevalent practices of administrators were assigning tasks to qualified subordinates; disseminating information that helps in preventing resistance to change and motivating staff members to work towards the achievement of goals. In leading, the most prevalent managerial practices of administrators were acting as model of the group; leading all operations of the school and empowering members to achieve results. Moreover, in staffing, the most prevalent practices of administrators were hiring the best qualified personnel; forming selection committee and checking, commenting and approving the schedule prepared by the department heads and coordinators. In controlling, when administrators among HEIs were taken as a whole and when grouped as to antecedent variables, their dominant managerial practices were setting policies, procedures in work standards to obtain quality the level of faculty work satisfaction, commitment and productivity was noted when respondents were grouped as to antecedent variables except in educational attainment where managerial practices of administrators holding Baccalaureate degree with M.A. units was significantly lower compared to those with Doctorate degree.In productivity however, significant difference was noted as to type of institution. The result revealed that the productivity level among public HEIs was significantly lower compared to that of private HEIs. The Pearson product correlation coefficient test revealed that the managerial practices in planning, organizing, leading, staffing and controlling have statistically significant relationship with work satisfaction, commitment and productivity. The findings implied that managerial practices of administrators among HEIs in WV have positive relationship to work satisfaction, commitment and productivity. The results further suggested that the managerial practices implemented by administrators in their respective institution explain the work satisfaction, commitment and productivity of the faculty members.


Abstract The article portrays the circumstances of the obligation to issue new technical provisions and, based on the example of the current Regulation on the technical conditions to be met by buildings and their location, it presents selected defects of this regulation and certain tasks facing the lawmaker who is to design a new regulation. The general negative assessment of the quality of the existing provisions, which is mainly influenced by legislative weaknesses, was reasoned.


When sharing sensitive data, it should be made sure that entities represented in it are sufficiently anonymous in order to avoid a possible breach of privacy. In the field of statistical disclosure control, this concept is well studied. However, thus far the majority of work in this field focuses on microdata and (aggregated) tabular data. In this work, we discuss a new measure for anonymity in networks: d - k - anonymity. It improves upon existing measures (which are in most cases too weak, too strict, or not able to account for triangles) by being parametrized in strictness and taking into account all information in the d -neighbourhood of a vertex. This enables the user to select the right level of anonymity based on how much a possible attacker knows. We present an algorithm that can efficiently measure the anonymity and apply it to three well-known graph models with up to 10,000 vertices, as well as a real-world network; the full family network of the Netherlands, consisting of 15.7 million vertices. In our experiments, we find that for graph models most anonymity is lost when measuring 2-k -anonymity, and vertices quickly all become unique as the edge density increases. For the family network, over 2.7 million vertices have an anonymity of 1 when measuring 5-k -anonymity, implying that they are uniquely identifiable when their exact position in their 5-neighbourhood is known.


Samples were taken weekly over a 2-year period near the mouth of the Caura River, which drains a large watershed on Precambrian shield covered with tropical moist forest. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were essentially static despite a 10-fold seasonal change in discharge. Particulate carbon showed an unexpected but relatively weak inverse relationship to discharge. Yield of total organic carbon (12.3 g C m−2 yr−1) was higher than would have been expected from the literature. Yield can be predicted accurately from discharge because of the strong homeostasis in concentration of dissolved organic carbon.


The review provides the data on contemporary approaches to anticoagulant therapy during catheter radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. The opportunities are discussed for various types of periprocedural use of warfarin, and the results mentioned for the efficacy and safety of novel oral anticoagulants in catheter ablation.


*843, there is communicated by my friend, Dr. A. King of Glasgow, a very interesting case of Rupture of the Internal Jugular Vein. into an Abscess, which had formed near the angle of the jaw. ^dependent of the interest attaching to it,?from being, so far as I j*no\v, the first recorded case, in which a large and important vein had communicated with an abscess, and caused death,?it is important, as serving to corroborate in some measure the accuracy of a statement previously published by Mr Liston, in his well-known Paper on " A Peculiar Variety of False Aneurism," which was excluded from the Transactions of the Medico-Ghirurgical Society of London for reaons best known to that body. One great difference, however, existed between the two cases, ^elusive of the fact, that in the one, a vein was affected, and in


Since Euclidean global AdS2 space represented as a strip has two boundaries, the state-operator correspondence in the dual CFT1 reduces to the standard map from the operators acting on a single copy of the Hilbert space to states in the tensor product of two copies of the Hilbert space. Using this picture we argue that the corresponding states in the dual string theory living on AdS2 × K are described by the twisted version of the Hartle–Hawking states, the twists being generated by a large unitary group of symmetries that this string theory must possess. This formalism makes natural the dual interpretation of the black hole entropy—as the logarithm of the degeneracy of ground states of the quantum mechanics describing the low energy dynamics of the black hole, and also as an entanglement entropy between the two copies of the same quantum theory living on the two boundaries of global AdS2 separated by the event horizon.


Introduction: Of all the facial injuries, maxillofacial region is one most frequently involved. The maxillofacial region is most prone to trauma owing to its prominent position in the skull which gets involved easily in case of trauma. Facial injuries can have long term consequences in terms of esthetics and function. Few series have been studied in terms of incidence of facial trauma in Nepal. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all the patients admitted and treated at the surgery and dental department of the Tribhuvan University teaching hospital with the diagnosis of facial injuries over the period of 8 years (2008 to 2016). The characteristics of these injuries were analyzed. The causes of injury were classified as follows: traffic accidents, assaults, animal attacks, falls, sports and related to the disaster. Anatomically, fractures of the mandible were classified into following regions: symphysis, parasymphysis, canine, body, angle, condyle and fractures more than one site (multiple sites). Midface fractures were classified according to the Le fort classification into Le fort I, Le Fort II, Le fort III and ZMC. Results: A total of 133 patients with facial fractures were treated between 2008 and 2016 which were retrospectively analyzed. The male: female ratio was 2:1 and the largest subgroup of patients were between 16 and 30 years of age. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accidents (62.4%) involving motorcycles or automobiles. Other common causes included, in descending order, falls (5.2%), animal attacks (5.2%) assaults (3.7%) and sports. Isolated mandibular fractures were most common (50.4%), followed by isolated Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures (18.8%). The percentage of fractures involving Le fort I was 8.3%, and that of isolated alveolar fractures was 9%. Conclusion: RTAs remains the main cause for maxillofacial injuries where males were predominately affected, condition of the roads, traffic regulations and adverse weathers all contribute to the TRAs in developing countries like Nepal.


It is important to know the mechanism of cell membrane fluctuation because it can be readout for the nanomechanical interaction between cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Traditional techniques, however, have drawbacks such as probe contact with the cell surface, complicate analysis, and limit spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we developed a new system for non-contact measurement of nano-scale localized-cell surface dynamics using modified-scanning ion-conductance microscopy. With 2 nm resolution, we determined that endothelial cells have local membrane fluctuations of ~20 nm, actin depolymerization causes increase in fluctuation amplitude, and ATP depletion abolishes all membrane fluctuations.


Disclosed herein is a physiological bodily relates to the use of electromagnetic power generator and pressure bladder disposed in a position where the advantage of generating a power obtained by the pressure change in the body. The present invention is to displace the moving part of the generator by using these pressure fluctuations, to generate electric power in accordance with the principles of Faraday, providing power to the implantable device.


What is the best way to organize an economy to satisfy demands for efficiency, compassion and freedom? These political, economic, social and philosophical concerns underpin what has been the most important issue of the twentieth-century, that of the relationship between market and plan.


PURPOSE: A computer system and a method for preparing computer-readable medium are provided to enhance efficiency relative to prior art. CONSTITUTION: A computer system comprises a computer-readable medium. First and second partitions are formed within the computer-readable medium. The second partition is present within the first partition. A program is processed by the computer system to form the first and second partitions. The computer system comprises an input(104) executing processes in response to commands, a display(106), a printer(108) and a computer(102). The computer is an IBM-compatible PC having an MS windows 95 operational system and connected to the input, the display and the printer. The display is a conventional CRT.


"Quick Sweet" is a new cultivar released for fresh market use in Japan. It was derived from a cross between "Beniazuma" and "Kyushu 30." The gelatinization temperature of "Quick Sweet" starch is about 20 oC lower than those of ordinary cultivars including its parents. Its starch granules show an abnormal morphology characterized by cracking into granules. Analyses of the chainlength distribution of amylopectin determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) showed that "Quick Sweet" starch had a higher proportion of short chains (DP 6 11) compared to those in normal sweetpotato starch. The change in chain length distribution of amylopectin is thought to be the reason for the unique starch properties of "Quick Sweet". Because of these starch properties, the storage roots can be cooked more quickly than ordinary cultivars. Eating quality of "Quick Sweet" after microwaving is also good. Ordinary cultivars do not taste nice after micro-waving. It is thus expected to be a convenient cultivar for the busy Japanese.


I verify the existence of right Bousfield localizations of right semimodel categories, and I apply this to construct a model of the homotopy limit of a left Quillen presheaf as a right semimodel category.


Based on a successive convex programming method, an alternating iteration algorithm is proposed for solving a parameter-dependent distributionally robust optimization. Under the Slater-type condition, the convergence analysis of the algorithm is obtained. When the objective function is convex, a modified algorithm is proposed and a less-conservative solution is obtained. Lastly, some numerical tests results are illustrated to show the efficiency of the algorithm.


Aim: To describe factors that influence collaboration between GPs and mental health professionals. Method: A survey conducted amongst 2757 GPs regarding collaboration, barriers regarding
collaboration and task performance. Multiple regression analysis (stepwise) was performed to see which factores influence collaboration. Results: 1336 questionnaires were returned and 1196 questionnaires were analysed. Less than half of the GPs were informed about different aspects of specialised mental health care providers. Only a quarter or less of the GPs consulted frequently with the different mental health care providers but a quarter or more had never consulted with them. GPs experienced more barriers with specialised mental health care providers than with primary mental health care providers. Long waiting lists and insufficient possibilities for conjoint treatment were the most important barriers. Collaboration was enhanced by the presence of a contact person and the appreciation of information given by mental health care providers. Barriers associated with collaboration had a negative influence. Conclusion: Collaboration can be improved. To do so, information about mental health care towards GPs has to be improved as well as consultation with different mental health care providers. (aut.ref.)


In order to promote a multi-directional and multi-channel application of Wuyi University E-campus,Wuyi University,China Mobile Jiangmen Branch and China Unicom Jiangmen Branch jointly established an E campus short message platform based on Web Service.Its more than two years,stable operation shows that the short message platform based on Web Service is not only simple and flexible,but also highly reliable.


In this paper we analyze a set of false positive reduction methods in the field of mammographic mass detection. The main goal of this false positive reduction process is the discrimination between the true recognized masses and the ones which actually are normal parenchyma. We describe three different approaches to extract breast mass image features. The first approach is based on modeling the tissue variation of both kinds of regions of interest (RoIs) by extracting the principal components (PCA) of a set of already classified RoIs. The second approach is based on an extension of the PCA approach by using the recently proposed 2DPCA algorithm. Finally, the third approach is based on Local Binary Patterns (LBP) for representing texture information and preserving at the same time the spatial structure of the masses. Once those image descriptors are extracted, the system is trained and used for classifying the unknown RoIs. We evaluate our false positive reduction approaches using a set of 1792 suspicious RoIs extracted from the DDSM database, providing a comparison when using different ratios of number of RoIs depicting masses and number of RoIs depicting normal tissue, and also when using different mass sizes, a critical aspect in mass detection systems.


At present, e-commerce which has taken information technology, business technology and management techniques together is at an alarming rate getting into the people's production and life, promoting the pace of economic globalization, trade liberalization and information modernization. However, when the network security technology and certification system have been increasingly sophisticated, the lag of third-party logistics development has been becoming a major obstacle to the development of e-commerce. To solve this problem, writer of this paper first examines the relationship between e-commerce and third-party logistics, through the SWOT analysis of third party logistics development, and then presents the countermeasures of third-party logistics development.


Micro Phasor measurement unit ($\mu\text{PMU}$) is a new technology used for monitoring distribution grid. It monitors voltage and current phasors of some buses and calculates voltage and current phasors of the other buses. At present, there is a two-ways energy flow in electric distribution grids due to the growth of distributed energy resources. So, there are many sources of error in $\mu\text{PMU}$ system data. In this paper, Pearson correlation is used with the help of a Binary Neural Network (BNN) classifier to detect the errors in $\mu\text{PMU}$ voltage measurements. Two BNNs are used in this paper. The first BNN is used to detect the injected error in the measured voltage magnitude. Meanwhile, the second BNN is used to detect the injected error in the measured voltage phase angle. The row sum of the correlation matrix is used as an input to BNN that indicates the weight of relation between a group of voltage measurements. The proposed method is tested for Assiut-university radial sub-feeder and the results showed a robust and an accurate performance for errors detection in $\mu\text{PMU}$ voltage measurements.


Two topologies T and p over X are said to be complementary if T A p is the indiscrete topology and r V p the discrete topology. The lattice of topologies is complemented, i.e, every topology has a complement. We will show that every AT topology (i.e. a topology such that the intersettion of arbitrary many open sets is open) over a countable set has a maximal complement in the lattice of. topologies. This answer a question of S. Watson. This theorem is a corollary of an analogous result for the lattice of pre-order. We show that every pre-order P on a countable set X admits a maximal complement in the lattice of preorders over X. Moreover, if every connected component of P is neither discrete nor indiscrete, then such maximal complement has all its chains of size a t most two.


Meyerhof, Ohlmeyer, and Mohle (1) reported that DPNl reacted with cyanide or bisulfite to form complexes having absorption spectra resembling that of DPNH. Colowick et al. (2) studied the cyanide reaction in more detail and showed that the ability to form a complex with cyanide is a general property of N1-substituted nicotinamide compounds. Because of the instability of the complex, these investigators made no attempt to isolate it. It has heretofore been assumed that addition of cyanide to DPN occurs at one of the a! positions, namely carbons 2 or 6, on the basis of the indirect evidence of Karrer et al. (3) that reduction of DPN occurred at one of these sites. In the light of the finding of Pullman et al. (4) that reduction of DPN occurs at the 4 or y position of the nicotinamide moiety, it was of interest to ascertain the site of addition of cyanide to DPN. In the present paper, data are presented which are consistent with the view that addition of cyanide occurs at the y position of the nicotinamide moiety rather than at either of the LY positions. This conclusion is based on the finding that the DPN-CN complex in heavy water undergoes deuterium exchange at the y position exclusively.


Grinding is one of the very important machining operations in engineering industries. Optimization of grinding processes still remains as one of the most challenging problems because of its high complexity and non-linearity. This makes the application of traditional optimization algorithms quite limited. Hence, there is a need to apply most recent and powerful optimization techniques to get desired accuracy of optimum solution. In this paper, a recently developed nontraditional optimization technique, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented to find the optimal combination of process parameters of grinding process. The objectives considered in the present work are, production cost, production rate, and surface finish subjected to the constraints of thermal damage, wheel wear, and machine tool stiffness. The process variables considered for optimization are wheel speed, workpiece speed, depth of dressing, and lead of dressing. The results of the algorithm are compared with the previously published results obtained by using other traditional optimization techniques.


The limited availability of gas turbine data, especially fault data, and the high costs and risks of experimenting with faults in test benches cause the lack of data to form a representative fault classification for gas turbine diagnostics. These circumstances explain the need of models that can simulate the faults. The utility of the simulated data for the diagnostics depends on the accuracy of fault simulation at different operating modes. The present paper analyses random errors of and an operating conditions influence on a gas turbine fault description. The analysis is applied to the thermodynamic models of a turboshaft and a turbofan of the well-known commercial software GasTurb 12. Big data containing measured quantities with the influence of fault parameters and operation conditions were generated with this software. Then the matrixes that determine the influence of faults and operating conditions were calculated to analyze the accuracy and behavior of the models. The results show that the engine models are accurate enough and the influence of operation conditions on the fault action is significant in contrast to some other engine models.


In this paper, we look into a novel notion of the standard M/M/1 queueing system. In our study, we assume that there is a single server and that there are two types of customers: real and imaginary customers. Real customers are regular customers arriving into our queueing system in accordance with a Poisson process. There exist infinitely many imaginary customers residing in the system. Real customers have service priority over imaginary customers. Thus, the server always serves real (regular) customers one by one if there are real customers present in the system. After serving all real customers, the server immediately serves, one at a time, imaginary customers residing in the system. A newly arriving real customer presumably does not preempt the service of an imaginary customer and hence must wait in the queue for their service. The server immediately serves a waiting real customer upon service completion of the imaginary customer currently under service. All service times are identically, independently, and exponentially distributed. Since our systems are characterized by continuous service by the server, we dub our systems continuous-service M/M/1 queueing systems. We conduct the steady-state analysis and determine common performance measures of our systems. In addition, we carry out simulation experiments to verify our results. We compare our results to that of the standard M/M/1 queueing system, and draw interesting conclusions.


__ Abstract: This randomized experimental study aimed to determine the effect of yogic practices on hemoglobin and depression in older men. For the study, Men between the ages of 60 to 70 were selected at random and distributed into treatment and sample group (Control) of 20 people each. It was expected that there would be substantial differences between the older males and the control group on chosen variables such as haemoglobin and depression. Before beginning the training programme, two groups were given preliminary tests on haemoglobin and depression. Treatment group received 60 min yoga practices Monday to Saturday for a total of eight weeks. The Sample Group was not given any intervention. Following the therapy, all patients were tested on the selected dependent variables. Data were analyzed with ANOVA to identify significant changes. The significance threshold was set at 0.05. As a result, it was determined that Yogic Practices were beneficial to elderly men in maintaining haemoglobin levels and reducing depression.


In France, a new approach of health promotion re-enforcement was developed in 2919. The purpose is to train health students in health promotion interventions in different communities during two weeks and on a specific thematic, and associating interdisciplinarity partnership between curricula. This national policy is called "national health service" (NHS). The objective was to assess the NHS among medical students

 A semi-experimental design "before-after" was used. Two anonymous self-questionnaires was completed by medical students (3rd year, preclinical course). A first questionnaire "before" the NHS, the second "after" in April 2019. For comparisons, identical information were collected 'before' and 'after'. Specific information to the two stages were also collected. An additional qualitative study based on same design ("before-after") with interviews was also conducted.

 A total of 221 students in the "before" stage (exhaustivity: 92.9%) and 206 in the "after" (86.8%) were included. Schools represented more than half of community sites. Before the NHS, 49.5% of the students considered themselves insufficiently trained. Comparisons between the two stages showed, respectively: satisfaction with the health promotion intervention thematic (33.7% vs 53.2%; p = 0.0001), a major interest in the PS approach in the curriculum (21.3% vs 33.6%; p = 0.001), a major desire to integrate PS into future professional practice (33.6% vs 42.4%; p = 0.02), an interest major in the PS approach in interdisciplinarity (45.2% vs 59.8%; p = 0.0001).

 The first edition of the NHS shows promising results, the training ground and the action carried out in cross-professionalism, declared interest in prevention actions and integration of health promotion in professional practice. This health promotion policy includes in the initial training of health students could be a innovative approach for a reinforcement of the French preventive health system.

 Innovative health portion intervention: first edition of the French NHS. Longitudinal approaches are needed to measure and assess the potential impact of the NHS.


Photograph of a line of cars and people waiting for entry to an unidentified music festival. Bumper-to-bumper traffic sits long enough for people to sit on and hang out of vehicles. Many individuals choose to enter the festival on foot and are visible in lines on either side of the road.


The facts which influenced the literary works of H. Fielding, aesthetic points of view and their expression in the author's novels «The history of the late Mr. Jonathan Wild», «The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his friend Mr. Abraham Adams», «The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling», «Amelia» were examined in the article. The author of the article researched the writer's humanitarian ideal realized in the provinces and its inhabitants.


Switching Diodes are used in high-frequency circuits, and their capacitance effect cannot be ignored. In this paper, based on the research of the barrier capacitance model of switching diode, the test method and test circuit of barrier capacitance was studied, and the influence of different voltages and working temperatures on barrier capacitance were analyzed, and some suggestions are put forward for device suppliers and users.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREFACE ABIGAIL'S STORY 1. Chapter 1: Social Technology & Theory 2. Chapter 2: The Relevance of Theory for Practice 3. Chapter 3: The Historical Origins of Organizational Diagnosis 4. Chapter 4: The Contemporary Status of Organizational Diagnosis 5. Chapter 5: Anomalies and the Hidden Sense of Crisis in Contemporary INTERPERSONAL & INTRAGROUP THEORIES 6. Chapter 6: The Five Laws of Embedded Intergroup Relations Theory 7. Chapter 7: Comparisons among Group Level Theories 8. Chapter 8: Several Meanings of 'Empirical Support' 9. Chapter 9: Empirical Support for Embedded Intergroup Relations Theory 10. Chapter 10: Ethical Practice Interpreted by Embedded Intergroup Relations THEORY 11. Chapter 11: Negotiating Organizational Entry Using Embedded Intergroup RELATIONS THEORY 12. Chapter 12: Methods of Data Collection Informed by Embedded Intergroup RELATIONS THEORY 13. Chapter 13: Modes of Data Analysis Based upon Embedded Intergroup RELATIONS THEORY 14. Chapter 14: Feedback Designs Derived from Embedded Intergroup Relations THEORY 15. Chapter 15: Empirical Support for the Social Technologies Based on Embedded INTERGROUP RELATIONS THEORY 16. Chapter 16: Education for the Practice of Organizational Diagnosis INDEX


This study investigated the relationships of psychological capital, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and job performance of young employees in WISCO. Empirical research results revealed that psychological capital have a positive impact on job performance; in the process of testing the mediating effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction, we found that the enterprise WISCO had its own particularity, and then provided our explanations and suggestions. The conclusion has important reference value for other state-owned enterprises.


The invention provides a method for quickly processing doubly polished sapphire wafers. The method includes grinding wafers by the aid of B C grinding materials at first; chamfering the wafers and then roughly polishing the wafers under the matching effects of grinding pads and liquid diamond; carrying out fine CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) on the wafers by the aid of silica sol polishing liquid. Each procedure for grinding the wafers by the aid of the B C grinding materials includes two steps of roughly grinding double sides of each wafer by the aid of the NO.240 B C grinding materials and secondarily roughly grinding the double sides of the wafer by the aid of the W40 B C grinding materials. The method has the advantages that the problem of easiness in breakage when double sides of a sapphire wafer is finely ground by the aid of B C grinding materials in manufacturing procedures implemented by an existing process for doubly polishing the sapphire wafer and problems of low removing efficiency, long polishing time and the like when double-side CMP is carried out on the double sides of each sapphire wafer can be solved by the aid of the method, the wafers are roughly polished under the matching effects of the liquid diamond and the grinding pads, and accordingly double-side fine grinding by the aid of B C grinding materials can be replaced; a formula of the polishing liquid for CMP stages is adjusted, accordingly, the method is high in efficiency, and the like.


Cryogenic nanoscale semiconductor devices are crucial for a wide variety of applications. The accurate design of such devices involve solving their electrostatics from fundamental semiconductor equations at low temperatures. We employ COMSOL to model a prototype cryogenic nanostructure, that can be used to readout the spin of a single electron in silicon, for quantum computing applications. By achieving convergence down to 15 Kelvin (K), we provide a guideline of techniques that aid to enhance convergence at cryogenic temperatures. We further compare the device electrostatics at different temperatures, which aids us to estimate the accuracy with temperature.