Professional societies across the world recommend that pregnant women have access to fetal aneuploidy screening and diagnostic testing and that they are appropriately counseled about the benefits and limitations of all testing options.1–3 As the newest screening method for fetal aneuploidy, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis has received attention in both the scientific literature and lay press due to concerns that health care professionals and patients are not adequately informed of the limitations of cfDNA screening and that, based on reported sensitivities and specificities of >99% for trisomy 21, may misinterpret the results as being diagnostic.4–8 Authors have encouraged providers to rely less on test sensitivity and specificity and to educate themselves and their patients about the positive predictive value (PPV) of cfDNA screening for trisomy 21 and other conditions. Online 'PPV calculators' have been developed and laboratories performing cfDNA screening have been encouraged to provide information about 'patient-specific PPV.'9 This focus on PPV challenges providers and laboratories alike since there is no precedent for either clinical discussion or reporting of PPV in previous methods of aneuploidy screening, i.e., serum analyte screening. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues by 1) describing the risk calculation employed by the Harmony test, 2) explaining how results can be interpreted in the context of PPV, and 3) exploring how test results and PPV information can be interpreted within the broader clinical picture for an individual patient. Aneuploidy screening strategies Trisomy 21 screening methods have evolved in the last decades but consistently involve risk assessment based on measurable parameters and recommendation of diagnostic testing when risk scores exceed a determined cut-off. Laboratories performing maternal serum screening, including first and second trimester screening, calculate an individual risk by combining serum analyte measurements with a maternal agerelated risk (obtained from epidemiological studies of trisomy prevalence) and in some cases ultrasound findings.


Nesquehonite, a hydrous carbonate with promising uses such as building raw material and treatment of wastewaters, was synthesized under low pressure conditions by reaction of gaseous CO 2 with Mg chloride solution and it was studied by means of X-Ray Diffraction, optical and scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic methods. Synthesized nesquehonite forms elongated fibers, exhibiting transparent to translucent diaphaneity and vitreous luster. It is characterized by high crystallinity. IR and Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of OH - and HCO 3-in the crystal structure of nesquehonite. The nesquehonite synthesis described herein constitutes a potential permanent storage of CO 2 emissions.


We consider the class of linear partial differential equation systems in 1-D involving two distinct families, hyperbolic and parabolic. The model is motivated by physical phenomena arising in extreme ultraviolet light generation (EUV) for next-generation photolithography, where the droplet transport stream is affected by the diffusion of plasma generated from droplet vaporization. Other systems that can exhibit this behavior are found in biological chemotaxis and simplified predator-prey models. The two PDEs are coupled in-domain, which brings additional complexity when compared with the boundary coupled case, which has been explored in previous literature by Krstic (2009). The coupling is considered in an unidirectional manner, where the controlled hyperbolic PDE modeling the droplet stream displacement exhibits an in-domain Volterra integral source driven by the parabolic PDE modeling the plasma diffusion, which itself is driven at the boundary via the hyperbolic PDE. A backstepping method is derived to transform the system into a chosen exponentially stable target system, in the L2 × H1 norm. The backstepping method gives rise to a coupled hyperbolic-parabolic gain kernel PDE which must be solved to determine the controller. Simulation studies are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control.


Abstract Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has poor prognosis owing to the high risk of distant metastasis. Purpose: To identify the prognosticators of brain metastasis from SCLC treated by whole-brain radiotherapy. Material and methods: We evaluated patients diagnosed with primary brain metastasis from SCLC between 1 January 2010 and 30 September 2019. Age, sex, disease stage at the first examination, time to the diagnosis of brain metastasis, state of other lesions at the diagnosis of brain metastasis, haematological parameters, neurologic symptoms, whole-brain radiotherapy dose, imaging findings of the brain metastasis (single or multiple), and chemotherapy and radiotherapy status were investigated for correlations with survival from the diagnosis of brain metastasis. Results: A total of 24 participants were evaluated. After radiotherapy, the median survival period was 118·5 (22–998) days, and 21 patients died during the follow-up period. Multivariate stepwise analysis of the four parameters of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (within vs. above the reference value), platelet level (continuous variable), neurologic symptoms (with versus. without), and NSE (neuron-specific enolase) level (continuous variable) identified the following significant differences: neurologic symptoms were 3·81 (95% CI 1·07–13·5, p = 0·04), and NSE was 1·01 (95% CI 1·00–1·01, p = 0·04). Conclusion: NSE and neurologic symptoms are prognosticators of brain metastasis from SCLC treated by whole-brain radiotherapy.


"Between the laboratory and the clinic lies almost the entire natural environment of humanity, practically untouched and unexplored by direct scientific procedures." Yet electronic devices exist by which the scientist could not only record but modify the day-to-day behavior of his subjects or patients. The obvious dangers of abuse of these powerful tools may be why scientists have not made use of them. But these electronic devices may be used for constructive as well as destructive purposes, and their potential usefulness in understanding and solving human problems should not be neglected. This paper outlines some uses which the psychologist, the therapist, the social worker, and others concerned with human behavior might make of these devices.


Combined immunodeficiency disorders are characterized by abnormalities in cellular and humoral immunity. This classification includes common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections, and significant T-cell abnormalities. Associated autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and systemic lupus erythematous. Granulomatous lesions in lymphoid tissues, solid organs, and skin have been reported. We describe a patient with CVI who developed cutaneous granulomas with perineural invasion; to our knowledge, this is a previously undescribed feature.


Accounting diversity refers to the differences that exist between the characteristics of the financial reporting frameworks used in different countries. This diversity appears as a result of differences in the factors that affect the development of financial reporting frameworks. The accounting literature presents several factors that cause this diversity. These factors are mainly related to environmental factors.In this article, we review the accounting literature to learn about the reasons for accounting diversity, and to better understand how accounting diversity affects accounting harmonization. We explore the environmental factors that are considered most influential in causing accounting diversity in general and in developing countries in particular; with a special focus on the Arab and Islamic countries.This literature review is useful for two reasons. First, in general, we strengthen awareness of the existence of and the causes for accounting diversity. It is important to understand the current limitations of the drive towards international accounting harmonization. Second, more specifically, we prepare the road for a more in-depth analysis of the environmental factors that are considered most influential in causing accounting diversity. This analysis can assist policy-setters in their efforts to realize further international accounting harmonization.


The density of states is studied for periodic and open boundary conditions in the vertex model of the Penrose tiling. For one gap in the spectrum the gap labeling is done explicitly. Localization of wave functions is studied by $2p$ norms in a series of approximants for one value of the energy by means of a contour integration in the first Brillouin zone. The results show that a surface can smoothen out a spiky density of states. We find evidence for extended wave functions.


Abstract: Musical contexts influence the processing of target events. Our study investigated the neural correlates of processing related and unrelated musical events presented as the last chord of eight‐chord sequences.


Exposure to adverse environmental factors such as prenatal stress (PS) can have longlasting effects on brain health and disease. Through direct and transgenerational genetic and epigenetic influences on healthy development and aging, PS may promote adaptive developmental plasticity, but at the same time also lead to increased health risks. Ultimately, the main goal of this research was to determine if PS-associated alterations of the fetal developmental programing can be transmitted across generations to affect brain development and behaviour, and ultimately increase the susceptibility to disease throughout lifespan. Work in Chapter 2 showed sexually dimorphic effects of multigenerational prenatal stress on behavioural traits, laterality and hemispheric dominance in male and female rats. In Chapter 3, hair elementary analysis was shown to be a sensitive, comprehensive and accurate screening tool of age-related metabolic and overall health status. Chapter 4 determined the manifestations of PS on behavioural and physiological outcomes in aging male rats after exposure to PS in one generation (F1-PS) vs. multiple generations (F4-PS). These results provide evidence that PSassociated alterations of the fetal developmental programming may be transmitted across regenerations altering brain development and inducing behavioural disturbances throughout


Thermally stimulated discharge currents (TSDC) have been obtained from Perspex tubular magnetoelectrets(M.E.) using different linear heating rates (1.0°, 1.5°, 2.0°, 2.5° and 3.0°C/min), for samples prepared at various polarizing fields (Hf) and forming temperatures (Tf), in M.E. containers made of ferro–as well as diamagnetic materials. TSDC spectra consist of three peaks with temperature maxima of 54^°±3°C, 134^°±3°C and 148^°±3°C which are termed as β, α and ρ peaks respectively. The values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor of relaxation time have been calculated for α peak which is quite isolated from β and ρ peaks and are found to be 0.68 eV and 6.55×10-15 seconds respectively. The variation of relaxation time and peak current with Tf indicates that far too many dipoles must be aligned to produce the observed effect. TSDC using different heating rates shows that low heating rates are preferable. Ferromagnetic material (cast iron) seems to be more suitable than diamagnetic (brass) for the preparation of tubular M.Es.


The invention discloses nozzle tipping paper for an antibiosis cigarette, a preparation method thereof and a nozzle for the antibiosis cigarette. The nozzle tipping paper for the antibiosis cigarette is prepared by evenly distributing mixed medicine extracting solution on the surface of the tipping original paper and drying the mixed medicine extracting solution. The mixed medicine extracting solution is prepared by 10-27 parts of mother chrysanthemum, 3-7 parts of jasmine, 8-14 parts of fresh lemon, 2-17 parts of violet, 0.5-2 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis and 1.5-4 parts of folium eucalypti by weight, ethanol water solution serves as the extracting solvent after mixing, and the mixed medicine extracting solution with the relative density of 1.02-1.20 is prepared through reflux extraction. By means of the nozzle tipping paper for the antibiosis cigarette, the preparation method thereof and the nozzle for the antibiosis cigarette, the problem that after a cigarette box is opened, the nozzle of the cigarette can be contaminated by microorganisms easily is fundamentally solved. The antibiosis effect is further strengthened by using flax cellosilk beams, cellulose acetate beams, the nozzle tipping paper for the antibiosis cigarette and nozzle forming paper, and the cigarette can be further provided with the aroma of natural plants.


This paper examines the effects of thermal loading and time history upon the thermal stresses developed in lithographic mask structures as would be expected under irradiation by intense soft x rays. The objective of this work was to examine the phenomenology of the interaction and to evaluate the limits placed upon mask dosage. The mechanics of mask failure are examined in terms of single pulse and cumulative, or fatigue, effects. A number of prototypical mask structures are investigated, which show that the application of intense pulsed sources to x‐ray lithography does not reduce the potential utility of the techique. However, it is shown that the estimated damage thresholds do impact the operating conditions chosen for optimal production rates and mask lifetime.


Various technologies and techniques are disclosed for utilizing mobile device information and functionality from separate computing devices. A synchronization operation is performed to update a data store with communication information from a mobile device. The synchronization operation is performed wirelessly with the mobile device. A user of a separate computing device can access the communication information stored in the data store separately from the mobile device. The user of the separate computing device can remotely initiate operations on the mobile device from the separate computing device. For example, the user can initiate the sending of text messages through the mobile device from the separate computing device. As another example, the user can initiate the placing of a telephone call through the mobile device from the separate computing device.


Highly ordered thin films of pseudorotaxane consisting of the host cyclic molecule, dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8), and the guest axle molecule, N-(xylylammonium)-methylferrocene, were prepared on solid substrates via solution casting followed by annealing. Collective evidence obtained from X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, polarised optical microscopy (POM) and grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) experiments indicates that the specially architectured host and guest molecules can first form a highly ordered crystalline phase upon solvent evaporation. Annealing of this phase at temperatures above 130 °C leads to an irreversible transition of the crystal phase to a high-temperature (HT) crystalline phase with triclinic crystalline domain sizes of 50–100 μm. When cooled back to room temperature, the HT phase undergoes a solid–solid phase transition to a low-temperature (LT) crystalline phase of a similar triclinic form but favouring a tighter packing of axle molecules. Thermally reversible LT–HT phase transitions were consistently evidenced via in situ observations by POM and X-ray scattering and are attributed to a subtle ordering competition between the host cyclic molecules and guest axle molecules. This local structural transition, however, only slightly affects the stability of the layering frame structure of the pseudorotaxane film, in which the supermolecular complex adopts an edge-on orientation with the cyclic molecular plane being perpendicular to the substrate and is interlocked via interactions with the axle molecules. The results demonstrate the feasibility of self-assembled pseudorotaxane films with thermally driven phase transitions as a possible molecular switch.


In this paper, we formulate statistical mechanics of the polymerized systems in the semiclassical regime. On the corresponding polymeric symplectic manifold, we set up a noncanonical coordinate system in which all of the polymeric effects are summarized in the density of states. Since we show that the polymeric effects only change the number of microstates of a statistical system, working in this coordinate is quite reasonable from the statistical point of view. The results show that the number of microstates decreases due to existence of an upper bound for the momentum of the test particles in the polymer framework. We obtain a corresponding canonical partition function by means of the deformed density of states. By using the partition function, we study thermodynamics of the ideal gas in the polymer framework and show that our results are in good agreement with those that arise from the full quantum consideration at high temperature, and they coincide with their usual counterpart in the limit of low temperature.


This study aims to determine the perceptions of parents of elementary school (SD) students towards learning in the new normal era in Melawi Regency. Data collection in this study used an online questionnaire with the Google form application which was given to all parents of elementary school students in Melawi Regency as many as 31 people. This study uses mixed method which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The subjects of this study were 31 people. Data collection techniques used parental perception questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study obtained data that with regard to face-to-face learning in the New Normal era, the majority of parents agreed at 96.8%. While the rest stated disagree as much as 3.2%. Overall, based on parental responses regarding perceptions of the new normal era learning process, its advantages and convenience compared to online learning, it was obtained that an average of 87.1% of parents agreed and 12.9% of parents stated that they did not agree with the consideration that there were still concerns. against the pandemic that occurred, and the implementation of the shift process of learning hours which was felt to be useless because it was too short. In addition, the parents' perception of their participation in children's learning assistance was on average 59.37% in the frequent category, 36.12% in the occasional category, and 4.51% in the never category.


Two issues have been raised as problems in welding AlMg-Si group alloys: the decline in the joint efficiency after softening in the vicinity of the weld zone due to the effect of welding heat, and the susceptibility to weld cracking at the weld heat affected zone (hereafter referred to as HAZ). Up till now, systematic welding tests have been carried out for the range of constituents in 6N01 and 6061 alloys.' On the other hand, there are few systematic test reports on 6082 alloy which, in spite of the wide composition range allowed by the standard, has the highest tensile strength amongst the Al-Mg-Si group alloys stipulated by ISO for the relationship between the alloy composition and weldability. 13 types of alloy of varied Mg, Si and Mn content close to the composition range of 6082 were subjected to various surveys and tests by the Welding Structural Aluminium Material Development Committee of the Japan Aluminium Association (Co.) (Chairman: Prof. J Kaneko of Nippon University) with the aim of developing extruded formed sections with both strength and weldability. An investigation was carried out into the relationship between the Mg, Si and Mn content and the joint strength and weld crack sensitivity by means of static tensile tests on TIG welded joints and ring type weld crack tests by MIG welding (hereafter referred to as the MIG patch test); the authors' company was responsible for the direction of these tests and the report of the results is given in this article.


The evolving role of PA and the associated proliferation of positions and internships within high performance sport has driven consideration for a change, or at least a broadening, of emphasis for use of PA analysis. In order to explore the evolution of PA from both an academic and practitioner perspective this paper considers the wider conceptual use of PA analysis. In establishing this, the paper has 4 key aims: (1) To establish working definitions of PA and where it sits within the contemporary sports science and coaching process continuum; (2) To consider how PA is currently used in relation to data generation; (3) To explore how PA could be used to ensure transfer of information, and; (4) To give consideration to the practical constrains potentially faced by coach and analyst when implementing PA strategies in the future.


In recent years industrial tomography has emerged as a valuable tool for interrogating the internals of a variety of process vessels. A popular approach is to inject electrical current and then from measurements of the resulting boundary voltages to reconstruct a cross-sectional image representing the distribution of materials in the vessel. In many cases the process takes place in a hazardous environment and consequently there is a need for certified safe equipment. This paper reports on the design, construction and testing of the worlds first intrinsically safe electrical tomography system. To achieve certification zener barrier diodes and intrinsically safe relay- modules provide electrical isolation from the hazardous environment. The instrument is certified for operation in a zone O environment and has been operating successfully on a production pressure filter for 2 years.


Background & Objectives: Blood loss is a common surgical complication; however, overuse of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions may increase patient risks and healthcare costs. A recent meta-analysis showed that patients undergoing RBC transfusions have higher rates of mortality, infection, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Radical-7® Pulse CO-Oximeter (MASIMO, CA, USA) enables noninvasive and continuous monitoring of hemoglobin concentrations (SpHb). These measured SpHb values are similar to the hemoglobin concentration values obtained by blood sampling and the procedure allows continuous monitoring of changes in SpHB levels over time. We investigated whether SpHb monitoring results in a decrease in intraoperative RBC transfusion volumes.


The technique of a choice of optimum conditions of carrying out of diagnosing of a condition aviation gas-turbine is considered, based on identification of mathematical model of working processes of the engine and allows to increase probability of recognition of a condition of the engine.


In this paper we measure and explain the levels of ideological congruence between representatives and their represented in Latin America. The ideological congruence between political parties and their voters is an appropriate indicator of the responsiveness of the rulers to the demands of the governed and, therefore, of the quality of democracy in a political system. Consequently, this topic is of significant interest for the research on democratic consolidation. Taking advantage of recently available data on citizens' opinions from Vanderbilt University (LAPOP) and on political elites' opinions from the University of Salamanca (PELA), this paper contributes to the study of political representation in Latin America through the analysis of the ideological congruence in the region. First we explore the degree of ideological congruence between and within countries using Achen's (1978) measures: proximity, centrism, and responsiveness. Next, we analyze some explanatory factors that account for those differences.


Ilona Halberstadt Anand Patwardhan has been making internationally-acclaimed prizewinning documentaries about India for thirty years. His latest film, War and Peace {Jung aurAman, 2002), is his most epic yet, and charts a four-year journey undertaken in response to the nuclear tests in Pokaran, Rajasthan in May 1998. Throughout his career Patwardhan has always been a traveller rather than a tourist. He journeys to trouble spots long before news of crisis hits the headlines. His remarkable films follow the processes by which disasters incubate and spread. Time and again he takes governments to task for misrepresenting and manipulating signs of impending cleavage and atrocity. And most unusually he locates alternative political and cultural forces within Indian society.


This report contains the results of an experimental investigation into the gross contact areas and contact pressure distributions produced by statically loaded truck tires. The gross contact areas are determined using an automatic imaging system that computes the contact area from a digitized data base obtained from an inked tire print. Contact pressure distributions produced by statically loaded tires are determined using a pressure sensitive film technique.


For the first time, a sequentially processed sub-50nm monolithic 3D IC with integrated logic/NVM circuits and SRAM is demonstrated using multiple layers of ultrathin-body (UTB) MOSFET-based circuits interconnected through 300nm-thick interlayer dielectric (ILD). High-performance sub-50nm UTB MOSFETs using deposited ultra-flat and ultra-thin (20nm) epi-like Si enable across-layer and in-layer high-speed 3ps logic circuits and 1-T 500ns plasma-MONOS NVMs as well as 6T SRAMs with static noise margin (SNM) of 280 mV and reduced footprint by 25%. Closely stacked monolithic 3D circuits envision advanced high-performance, rich function, and low power intelligent mobile devices.


Title An Enzymatic Study of an Oxalate ProducingSystem in Relation to the Glyoxylate Cycle in White-rotFungus Phanerochaete chrysosporiumAuthor(s)HAYASHI, Nobuya; TOKIMATSU, Toshiaki; HATTORI,Takefumi; SHIMADA, MikioCitationWood research : bulletin of the Wood Research Institute KyotoUniversity (2000), 87: 15-16Issue Date 2000-09-30URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53158RightType Departmental Bulletin PaperTextversion publisher


The Corpus of Modern Scottish Writing (CMSW) is an electronic corpus of written and printed texts from the period 1700-1945, complementing the Helsinki Corpus of Older Scots (1450-1700) and the Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech (1945-present day). CMSW contains over 600 documents, containing approximately 5 million words of text overall. CMSW's documents range from printed novels, to written correspondence, to newspaper and magazine articles, to legal material such as wills and sasines. Our documents have been sourced from partners such as the Mitchell Library in Glasgow, the National Library of Scotland, and Glasgow University Archives.


The target production were obtained by coupled reaction of 3\|amino\|5\|nitro\|2,1\|benzoisothiazole,as a diazo component,with some derivatives of anilline or some derivatives of naphthylamine sulfonic acid in proper condition. Their colors are from red to violet. They have excellent tight property. The chemical and physical test of production verified that they were some unique properties.\;


A vocal-tract model with boundary conditions is proposed, and it is shown that the model can be applied to a vocal-tract simulator add an estimation algorithm of vocal-tract shapes. Since our vocal-tract simulator can dynamically synthesize continuous speech with the vocal-fold vibration and the loss factor in the vocal-tract, this simulator can be used as a tool for accurate evaluation of the estimation accuracy of the formants or the characteristics of the vocal-tract. We propose a new method estimating cross-sectional area of vocal-tract from the ARMA parameters, and this method is based on the vocal-tract model and our ARMA estimation algorithms.


Understanding the nature of traffic has been a key concern of the researchers particularly over the last two decades and it has been noticed through extensive high quality studies that traffic found in different kinds of IP/wireless IP networks is human operators . Despite the recent findings of real time human behavior in measured traffic from data networks, much of the current understanding of IP traffic modeling is still based on simplistic probability distributed traffic. Unlike most existing studies that are primarily based on simplistic probabilistic model and traditional scheduling algorithms, this research presents an analytical performance model for real time human behavior queue systems with intelligent task management traffic input scheduled by a novel and promising scheduling mechanism for 4G-LTE system. Our proposed model is substantiated on human behavior queuing system that considers real time of traffic exhibiting homogeneous tasks characteristics. We analyze the model on the basis of newly proposed scheduling scheme for 4G-LTE system. We present closed form expressions of expected response times for real time traffic classes. We develop a discrete event simulator to understand the behavior of real time of arriving tasks traffic under this newly proposed scheduling mechanism for 4GLTE system . The results indicate that our proposed scheduling algorithm provides preferential treatment to real-time applications such as voice and video but not to that extent that data applications are starving for bandwidth and outperforms all other scheduling schemes that are available in the market.


The research aims to know about the characteristic, advisability, and effectiveness of Pedagogy Spesific Subject (PSS) equipment based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) to reinforce the students environmental literacy of X science class in senior high school. The researcher used the Research and Development method (R&D). Design of research was using the 3-D model, which was modified from 4-D model Thiagarajan & Stolovich. This research model consists of define, design and develop. The data analysis consists of needs analysis, validation analysis, limited tryout test analysis, subject test analysis, and environmental literacy analysis used the normality test, homogeneity test and non paired sample's t-Test was helped by SPSS 21 program. The research gives three kinds of result. First, the characteristic of PSS equipment based on PjBL was intregated with NEP dimention and the learning model of PjBL. PSS equipment that was developed is module, lesson plan, student worksheet and evaluation questions. Second, the evidence of validation from expert judgement, substance expert, grammarian, design expert and biology teacher showed that 94,04% in lesson plan (valid), 97,5% in student worksheet (valid), 91,54% in module (valid) and 98,75% in evaluation questions (valid). The result of limited tryout test was 86,6% in module (valid) and 82,5% in student worksheet (valid). The evidence of subject test was 89,9% in module (valid) and 82,5% in student worksheet (valid). Based on validation test results, PSS equipment based on PjBL was valid and can be implemented in biology learning. Third, there were significant differences in student environmental literacy. The result of non paired sample's t-Test showed that environmental literacy consists of knowledge, attitude and concern aspect have a smaller significance level than ∝(sig.< 0,05), it means that PSS equipment based on PjBL was effective to reinforce students environmental literacy.


Exact analytic solutions to the nonlinear wave equation for a lossless saturable Kerr-like medium are found. The nonlinearity is an intensity-dependent refractive index which saturates according to the model n/sup 2/=n/sub 0//sup 2//spl plusmn/a|E|/sup 2//(1+b|E|/sup 2/). The solutions to the wave equation are used to determine the TE power-dependent dispersion relations, and therefore the guided modes, of a single waveguide structure and of a directional coupler whose coupling medium is the nonlinear saturable material. Although the interaction between the sinh- and cosh-like modes of the coupler, and therefore the coupling length, is not treated in this work, it is shown that the critical power, defined in the literature to be the level of input power above which 100% of the power cannot be switched between the guides of a coupler, is a mathematical misinterpretation in both saturable media as well as in nonsaturable Kerr media. The absence of a critical power in single waveguide structures is also demonstrated. Parameters of GaAs-based waveguides and of a GaAs-GaAlAs MQW coupling medium are used in the numerical analysis. >


Manevro is a class based programming language designed primarily for system programming. Using FORTH-like environment, compiler produces extremely efficient code. One of the main goals of the project was to create machine independent compiler thus increasing portability of code.


This paper examines the propagation of oil price uncertainty shocks to real equity prices using a large-scale Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model of 26 advanced and emerging stock markets. The GVAR framework allows us to capture the transmission of local and global shocks, while simultaneously accounting for individual-country peculiarities. Utilising a recently developed model-free, robust estimate of oil price uncertainty, we document a statistically significant and negative effect of uncertainty shocks emanating from oil prices on the large majority of global stock markets, with the adverse effect of oil price uncertainty shocks found to be stronger for emerging economies as well as net oil-exporting nations. Interestingly, however, global stock markets exhibit a great deal of heterogeneity in their recovery following oil uncertainty shocks as some experience rapid corrections in stock valuations while others suffer from extended slumps. While the results are sensitive to the oil uncertainty measure utilised, they suggest that country diversification in the face of rising oil market uncertainty can still be beneficial for global investors as global stock markets exhibit a rather heterogeneous pattern in their recovery rates against oil market shocks.


Hearing loss can be attributed to a variety of inherited and environmental noises (medications, infections, etc.). In recent decades, our improved understanding of genetics, molecular biology, and ...


Research asymptotic stability of switched system with mixed fault model,using convex combination technique and matrix theory to design reliable controller of state feedback,and give the sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability.A simulation example shows the efficiency for the theorem by the linear matrix inequalities(LMI)method.


Abstract This study on patients with localized prostate cancer was set up to investigate valuable differences using flattened beam (FB) and flattening filter free (FFF) mode in the application of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT). For ten patients, four different plans were calculated with Oncentra planning system of Elekta, using Synergy machines: IMRT and VMAT, with and without flattening filter. Homogeneity and conformity indexes, dose to the organs at risk, and measurements of peripheral dose and dosimetric plan verification including record of the delivery times were analyzed and statistically evaluated. The indexes for homogeneity and conformity (CTV and PTV) are either advantageous or not significantly different for FFF compared to FB with one minor exception. Regarding the doses to the organs at risk and the measured peripheral dose, equivalent or lower doses were delivered for FFF than with FB. Furthermore, the delivery times were significantly shorter for FFF. VMAT compared to IMRT reveals benefits or at least equivalent values. VMAT‐FFF combines the most advantageous plan quality parameters with the shortest delivery times and reduced peripheral dose and is therefore recommended for the given equipment and cancer localization.


Experimental i esu l t s are presented f o r a 0.767 scale model o f the f i r s t stage o f a two-stage turbine designed for a high by-pass r a t i o engine. The turbine was tested w i th both uniform i n l e t condit ions and wi th an i n l e t rad ia l t w e r a t u r e p r o f i l e s i w l a t i q engine conditions. T h e i n l e t temperatu re pr. i l e was essent ia l ly mixed-out i n the rotor. There was also substantial underturning o f the e x i t f l a w a t the mean diameter. Both o f these e f fec ts were attr ibuted t o strong secondary flows i n the ro to r blading. There Yere no s ign i f i can t dif ferences i n the stage perforoance with e i ther i n l e t condit ion when differences i n t i p clearance were considered. Performance was very close t o design in ten t i n both cases.


In the past decades several successful road traffic safety measures were implemented toimprove road safety situation in various countries around the world based on international technologyand knowledge transfer. A new methodology for implementing design guidelines based oninternational technology and knowledge transfer is described in this paper. The objective of theproposed methodology is to foster the development and implementation of design guidelines for roadinfrastructure in emerging and developing countries. The transfer and adaptation of proven Europeandesign methods and technologies is an appropriate measure to close existing knowledge gap and helpimprove road traffic safety in these countries. The paper was prepared by the partners of the international network "NICE on RoadS – EU-AsiaNetwork In Competence Enhancement on Road Safety" with financial support from the EuropeanCommission.


If you like Indian food, you'll love this dish. A healthy vegetable stew, it's colorful & very easy to make. Perfect for vegetarians & everyone!


NEW MATERIAL: A compd. of formula I, [where A = direct bond or a 1-10C hydrocarbon radical; R 1 = an alkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, a cycloalkyl, phenyl or NR 5 R 6 , (where R 5 and R 6 = each H or an alkyl group); Y=S, SO or SO 2 ; R 2 = an alkyloxy or an alkenyloxy; R 3 =H or an alkyl; and R 4 = a compd. of formula II, (where E=CH or N)], or a salt of the compd. EXAMPLE: N[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-aminocarbonyl]-N'-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)- ethyl]-N'-methoxyaminosulfonamide. USE: A herbicide or a plant growth regulator. PROCESS: The compd. of formula I is obtd. by reacting a compd. of formula III with a compd. of formula IV. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Social sciences in general, and psychology in particular, have mainly approached children and adolescents through a focus on deviation from normality and of incidence of pathology. even preventive approaches involve the expectation of potential illness. t aking into consideration that the choice for following this trend was based on a good intention of understanding and ending human suffering this has, nevertheless, created a bias in the way we study and


Ethyl acetate (EA) is a widely used solvent and raw material in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The removal of the low water content (<2%) in EA is difficult using the conventional separati...


The provision of transverse openings in prestressed concrete beams of floor to facilitate the passage of utility pipes and service ducts results not only in a more systematic
layout of pipes and ducts, it also translates into substantial economic savings in the construction of a multi-storey building, increase the usable area of building. In this
thesis, to investigate the problem of openings in beams, choose small circular opening as consideration. By using manual calculation and personal computer software (ANSYS) to analysis the beam behaviours under point loads. The aspects will analyse the beam with opening through four input variables which are the density of prestressed cable, modulus of elasticity, point load 1 and point load 2, and then gain the output of parameters. The results include general situations of stress, strain, and deflection. Base on the past research and experimental test of literature, conclude manual results getting from software calculation, analysis the characteristics and the behaviours of the
prestressed concrete beam with small circular opening. The objective of this project is based on the four input variables which are point load 1, point load 2, modulus of elasticity, and density of prestressed cable, to gain the three output parameters which are maximum deflection, maximum stress, and maximum strain. The statistic for the
random input variables and output parameters had been computed by using the ANSYS software and illustrate the properties of the output parameters using histogram plots,
cumulative distribution curves, and history plots. The influence of random input variables on the individual output parameters. Hence, the analysis was success and
results collected were accurate and fit into use.


Under the guideline of Overall Planning of Geological Disasters Prevention in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,more than 1000 geological disasters have been prevented and controlled appropriately by giant investment of the national government in the Three Gorges Reservoir area since 1992.Technologies and economic indicators of the engineering measures are summarized and analyzed according to the different disaster prevention projects.The corresponding prevention measures should be adopted according to different disaster types,so as to achieve the goals of good effect,quick result and low cost.


Aim: To find out the incidence and prevalence of different type of arrhythmias and conduction defects in patients with diabetes mellitus in relation to electrocardiography and echocardiography in patient admitted to department of medicine RIMS, Ranchi. Material and Method: The present study comprised of 50 diabetic patients admitted to indoor and outdoor medical wards of RIMS Ranchi .The diagnosis was made on the basis of detailed history, through clinical examination with particular attention to examination of cardiovascular system. Patient were labeled to be diabetic on WHO criteria. Result : In our study we included 50 diabetic patients. one case was of type I diabetes and forty nine case belonged to type II diabetes. In our study we found myocardial infarction in 12% cases, ischemic changes in 12% cases and left ventricular hypertrophy in 22% cases of diabetes mellitus. Various type of conduction defect was found in 20% of cases. Arrhythmias and non-specific ST-T changes were found in 10% cases. Conclusion: Changes of infarction and ischemia were noted in 24% diabetics. Left ventricular hypertrophy was noted in 20% diabetics. Various conduction blocks were found in 20% and arrhythmia in 4% diabetics. Non-specific ST-T changes was found in 12% diabetics


Background: Recognition and response of deteriorating patients is fundamental to safe, high quality healthcare. Failure to recognise and respond to deteriorating patients is associated with serious adverse events, both during and after emergency department care. This study aims to determine if the implementation of HIRAID (History, Identify Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, communication and reassessment), an emergency nursing framework, improves patient safety.Methods: This quasi-experimental cohort study was conducted between November 2017 and February 2019 in two regional hospitals in [Anonymised], Australia. HIRAID was implemented using a multi-pronged behaviour change intervention. Data of 920 patients (374 pre-cohort and 546 post-cohort) who had an episode of deterioration within 72 hours of emergency department departure were collected. Statistical tests were conducted as two-sided, with a 95% confidence interval to determine pre/post cohort association. The StaRI checklist was used in reporting this study.Results: Patients in the post group were older with more comorbidities, but experienced fewer episodes of clinical deterioration associated with care delivered in the emergency department (27% to 13%). There was a reduction in treatment delays [pre n=28 (28.3%) versus post n=11 (15.1%), p=0.041, 95% CI (1.1%–25.3%)], and delay or failure to escalate care when abnormal vital signs were identified [pre n=20 (20.2%) versus post n=5 (6.9%), p=0.014, 95% CI (3.5%–23.1%)]. The proportion of isolated nursing-related causal factors decreased from 20 (21%) to 6 (8%). Conclusions: HIRAID is a standardised emergency nursing framework which provides a structured, evidence-based approach to emergency nursing assessment that could be adapted for a variety of clinical settings. Implementing HIRAID using the principles of behavior change is associated with a reduction in clinical deterioration related to emergency care.


The capacitance of the touch sensor measuring circuit comprises voltage ratio issued, the controller, the composite switch, charging and discharging circuit and a timer unit. Voltage comparison unit outputs the second comparison signal obtained by comparing a first reference voltage and a comparison of the sensed voltage by the touch sensor of the first comparison signal and the second reference voltage and sensing voltage. The control unit in response to a second control signal supplied from the outside, and outputs the one of the charging and discharging control signal to the first and supporting a second comparison signal. Composite switch is connected with both ends of the touch sensor, the touch sensor via the path for transmitting the detection signal to the touch sensor is designed to set up a path for receiving a detection signal for detecting a capacitance change of the touch sensor. The charge-discharge circuit portion to discharge the first reference voltage from the second charge to the reference voltage or the second voltage based on the selected touch sensor in the first reference voltage by the composite switch. Timer unit measures the time it takes to charge and discharge time and the total charge and discharge, respectively.


SummaryMethods for estimation of the 37 per cent dose (D37) of mammalian cells in vivo have depended on the use of neoplasms from which suspensions of single cells can be readily prepared. The method presented is based on the quantitative relationship between the volume of viable tumour cells in the transplant inoculum and the latency, i.e. the time elapsing from grafting until tumours are detectable. The procedure does not involve preparation of single-cell suspensions, and the data obtained are amenable to statistical evaluation.The in vivo D37 values for C3H/WR mouse adenocarcinoma strain MTG-B was 352 rads (95 per cent confidence limits : 304–401 rads) and for carcinoma 755, 319 rads (268–368 rads). The inhibition in the incorporation of radio-orthophosphate into the deoxyribonucleic acid of tumour strain MTG-B determined in one experiment did not reflect the degree of radiation-induced damage to the cell-population.


The bistability and mode switching were observed in microdisk photonic molecule lasers with a low threshold of < 100 μW. They are well explained by the rate equation analysis including saturable absorption and nonlinear gain.


Objective: This research aims to determine the correlation between maternal age during pregnancy, low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, and history of hormonal drugs used in the first trimester of pregnancy with the occurrence of hypospadias. Material & Methods: This research is an observational analytic research with case control design. The sample in this study were 50 samples that consisting of 25 patients with hypospadias and 25 patients without hypospadias at Bina Sehat Jember Hospital, Paru Jember Hospital, and Bhayangkara Bondowoso Hospital. After determined every case and control group, data acquired retrospectively by traced the hypospadias risk factors (maternal age at pregnancy, LBW, prematurity, and history of hormonal drugs using in the first trimester of pregnancy) by interviewing the patient's mother. The data of this research were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate using SPSS 16.0. Bivariate analysis in this study used chi-square Yates correction (chi-square with continuity correction) and fisher's exact test, whereas multivariate analysis used logistic regression techniques with significance p-value<0.05. Results: The result of bivariate analysis in this study showed that variable maternal age during pregnancy more than 35 years (p = 0.667) has no correlation with occurrence of hypospadias, while variable of LBW (p = 0.027), prematurity (p = 0.041), and the history of hormonal drug use in the first trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.049) have a correlation with the occurrence of hypospadias. Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant correlation between LBW, prematurity, and history of hormonal drugs using in the first trimester of pregnancy with the occurrence of hypospadias. This study did not show a significant correlation between maternal age during pregnancy with the occurrence of hypospadias.


This paper is motivated by The Pensions Regulator (TPR)'s review of its Code of Practice on funding for defined benefit schemes and aims to suggest how trustees and regulators should monitor the extent to which scheme assets are adequate to cover liabilities. It concludes that current practice is inadequate and needs to change. A review is carried out of papers on not only this subject but also (to collect ideas rather than automatically apply them to pensions solvency valuations) pensions and insurance accounting and regulation. Current practice is "scheme-specific funding" which permits discretion on choice of discount rates and other assumptions; the paper is concerned that this can lead to bias, and that trends in a scheme's solvency can be obscured by changing assumptions. This also leads to the funding ratio communicated to scheme members having little meaning. The paper suggests that regulators should require a valuation that is based on sound principles, objective, fair, neutral, transparent and feasible. A prescribed methodology would replace discretion. It concludes that the benefits to be valued are those arising on discontinuance of the scheme, without allowing for future salary-related benefit increases, which are felt to no longer be a constructive obligation of


Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging technology that is widely used in industrial and medical applications. The reconstruction methods are ill-posed and sensitive to the scale of perturbations and prior assumptions, so differential reconstruction is mostly used in practice. Absolute reconstruction is promising but has always been a challenge in practical applications. One of the obstacles is to determine the reference measurement frame from a uniform distributed domain. In this article, we develop a reference measurement estimation technique for a homogeneous conductivity distribution with proportional variations. The concept of measurement-scale feature (MSF) is proposed to represent the scale of measurements, and five MSF operators are defined for EIT measurements. The proposed method estimates the prior reference measurements using the MSF of present measurements. The baseline reference frame is simulated with arbitrary conductivity with the same domain shape and electrode positions as the measured domain and the MSF of the baseline frame. Simulations and experiments were carried out to verify the validity of the estimated reference measurements for absolute EIT (aEIT) reconstruction. Evaluations on the reconstruction results and reference estimation errors show the effectiveness of this method for aEIT in various scenarios with a wide range of conductivity and different domain shapes. This study demonstrates an effective approach for determining the homogeneous reference frame, providing more potential for the application of aEIT in real-time pipeline detection and online clinical monitoring.


Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine that supports the viability and differentiation of macrophages. An important cytokine for the development of epidermal immunity, IL-34 is present and plays a role in the immunity of the oral environment. IL-34 has been linked to inflammatory periodontal diseases, which involve innate phagocytes, including macrophages. Whether IL-34 can alter the ability of macrophages to effectively interact with oral microbes is currently unclear. Using macrophages derived from human blood monocytes with either the canonical cytokine colony-stimulating factor (CSF)1 or IL-34, we compared the ability of the macrophages to phagocytose, kill, and respond through the production of cytokines to the periodontal keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. While macrophages derived from both cytokines were able to engulf the bacterium equally, IL-34 derived macrophages were much less capable of killing internalized P. gingivalis. Of the macrophage cell surface receptors known to interact with P. gingivalis, DC-SIGN was found to have the largest variation between IL-34 and CSF1-derived macrophages. We also found that upon interaction with P. gingivalis, IL-34 derived macrophages produced significantly less of the neutrophil chemotactic factor IL-8 than macrophages derived in the presence of CSF1. Mechanistically, we identified that levels of IL-8 corresponded with P. gingivalis survival and dephosphorylation of the major transcription factor NF-κB p65. Overall, we found that macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL-34, a dominant cytokine in the oral gingiva, have a reduced ability to kill the keystone pathogen P. gingivalis and may be susceptible to specific bacteria-mediated cytokine modification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


A system for cleaning a plurality of needles, the system comprising: a conveyor for conveying a plurality of jigs through a series of stations, each jig arranged to contain at least some of said needles; said stations including: a pre-treatment station for the removal of detritus from said needles; an electronic polishing station; a post-treatment station for removal of material from the surface of said treated needles; a cleaning station for cleaning said needles; a drying station and; an unloading station for unloading said needles from said jigs.


K x-ray emission from copper plasmas produced by 100 fs, 806 nm laser pulses at intensities in the range of 10^15-10^16 W cm^-2 is studied with respect to input laser polarization and target surface conditions. We demonstrate that even moderate surface roughness enhances the characteristic x-ray yield by as much as 70 %. We further show that surface roughness of the targets overrides the effect of polarization state in light coupling to the plasma.


Background: With rise in occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy particularlypre -eclampsia, there is a necessityto study its association with other comorbid conditions like thyroid disorder which may have shared pathophysiology. The objective is to study the association between thyroid hormone status with preeclampsia and correlate it with severity of pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: It was a case control study, 278 women attending tertiary care hospital between the study period September 2020 to August 2021 were recruited in the study in which 139 women were cases (diagnosed as preeclampsia) and 139 were taken as control (healthy normotensive women). Assessment of thyroid status of cases and control was done. Association was studied between thyroid hormone status and pre-eclampsia and co-related with severity of preeclampsia. SPSS was used for analysis. Result: There was a significant association between pre-eclampsia and thyroid hypofunction (overt and sub clinical hypothyroidism) with P-value being 0.04. Odds-ratio indicates that preeclampsia group have chance of higher TSH (>4.8 mIU/L) by 2.19 times. The association between severity of pre-eclampsia and thyroid hypofunction (subclinical and overt hypothyroidism) was found to be statistically significant (p= 0.02). Odds ratio indicates that severe preeclampsia group have 2.87 times more chance of thyroid hypofunction. However the correlation coefficient for the entire study population was (- 0.0532) between serum albumin and serum TSH, which suggests both values were independent of each other. Serum uric acid was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls (p<0.01). Conclusion: A positive association was found between thyroid hypofunction and pre-eclampsia and it was found to be statistically significant. However Serum TSH values need to be adjusted to the population and hospital for cut offs for reliable diagnosis.


Background It is often impractical for each laboratory to establish its own paediatric reference intervals. This is particularly true for specimen types collected using invasive procedures, for example, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods Published CSF reference intervals for white cell count, and concentrations of total protein and glucose were reviewed by stakeholders in a paediatric hospital. Consensus reference intervals for the three CSF parameters were then subjected to verification using guidelines from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute and residual CSF specimens. Results Consensus paediatric reference intervals adapted from published studies with minor modifications were locally verified as follows. White cell count (x106 cells/L): 0–20 (<1 month); 0–10 (1–2 months); 0–5 (>2 months). Total protein (g/L): 0.3–1.2 (<1 month); 0.2–0.6 (1–3 months); 0.1–0.4 (>3 months). Glucose (mmol/L): 2.0–5.6 (<6 months); 2.4–4.3 (6 months or older).


ID: 33 Abstract Details Mental rotation is a mental process of rotating an object around some axis in three-dimensional space (Zacks, 2008). While behavioral studies have been fairly consistent in their results associated with sex differences, age of the participant, angle of rotation and object complexity, neuroimaging results have not consistently replicated the regions of the brain implicated in mental rotation. In the present project, we conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to investigate the regions of activation during mental rotation, irrespective of task complexity and experimental paradigm. Studies investigating the neural correlates of a mental rotation paradigm were isolated by a Medline search. The search results were filtered to exclude studies that did not report results on normal subjects in stereotactic space ( x,y,z coordinates). Deactivations were also excluded. Only coordinates derived from contrasting a mental rotation task to a control condition were included. Based on these criteria, we identified 55 papers with XYZ contrasts that were published between January 1996 and September 2013. Consistent with earlier findings, the largest cluster of activation was found in the parietal regions, specifically the precuneus region. Mental rotation is also associated with activity in the medial superior precentral gyrus supporting the argument that mental rotation depends on motor simulation. These findings help us further understand the mechanism of mental rotation and the brain regions involved.


We present experimental measurements of the dynamical properties of Rayleigh-Benard convective structures in the case of high Prandtl number fluid and slightly supercritical Rayleigh number. We show that these measurements can be carried out like a phonon study in a crystal. However we demonstrate that, as predicted, the dynamics of phase modes is actually diffusive in Rayleigh-Benard convection. When possible we determine the associated diffusion coefficient D ∥ or its main characteristic in the case of D⊥ . We find that these results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions.


System logs record rich information for system events. Practical anomaly detection from system logs should be able to address three challenges: 1) understanding complicated attributes in event logs; 2) extracting complex context relations among events; and 3) providing concrete explanations to human analysts. In this paper, we develop an attention-equipped encoder-decoder system to capture context from system logs for explainable anomaly detection. For each target event, we collect its nearby events in chronological order as its context events. Instead of using a recurrent neural network-based encoder like previous works, we adopt a Transformer-based encoder to extract complex relations among context events and their attributes. Then, a context vector is generated and passed to the decoder, where an attention matrix is learned and used to weigh the context events for detecting the anomalies. Evaluation on the large-scale real-world Los Alamos National Laboratory dataset shows that, compared with existing works, our methods can provide fine-grained one-to-one attention to help explain the importance of each attribute in the context events to the prediction, without sacrificing detection performance.


Six species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) isolated from Turkey [S. feltiae (Aydin isolate), S. carpocapsae (Black sea isolate), H. bacteriophora (Aydin isolate) and H. bacteriophora (Çanakkale isolate)] and from Kyrgyzstan [S. feltiae(KG3) and H. bacteriophora (KG81)] were tested for the control of black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under laboratory conditions. The studies were conducted in June, 2017 at the Ondokuz Mayıs University (Samsun, Turkey). The suspensions of nematodes were applied at one concentration (1000 IJs ml -1 ) (200 IJs insect -1 or approximately 15 IJs cm -2 ) at 25°C temperatures. The data for mortality was recorded after 2, 4, 6 and 8 days intervals. Insect mortality of the adult was higher in all nematode treatments than the control. Turkish EPN isolate S. carpocapsae (Black sea) and Kyrgyz EPN isolate S. feltiae (KG3) species showed the highest mortality (98.66%).


Sapropel S1 in the deep Skopelos Basin (western Aegean Sea) has an AMSC age of 9400 to 6700 yr BP and is characterized by a darker color and average C org value of 0.94%, which in 3 times higher than in the sediments above and below. The persistent presence of low-oxygen tolerant benthic foraminifers indicates that truly anoxicbottom water conditions were absent in the Skopelos Basin during the deposition of sapropel S1. The substantial increase in sedimentation rate and the low-salinity planktonic foraminiferal association in sapropel S1 suggest an increase of freshwater and suspended load discharged by rivers into the western Aegean Sea and transported southward into the Skopelos Basin by the general cyclonic circulation. INTRODUCTION-MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh input in the eastern Mediterranean is the determining factor in the formation of late Quaternary sapropels (Rohling, 1994) believed to have derived from 1) The Nile, 2) The Greek and Asia minor rivers and 3)the flushing of the Black Sea. Increased outflow of Greek and Turkish rivers during sapropel S1 is linked (Rohling and Hilgen (1991)) to an intensification of the system of Mediterranean depressions (Rohling and Hilgen 1991)) , but more data are needed to verify this hypothesis. Core SK1 taken by the British R.V. Discovery in 1982 from the deepest part (± 1000m) of the Skopelos Basin (Figure 1) may furnish such data. Furthermore, this core could reveal to which extent foraminiferal changes in the Aegean Sea are similar and synchronous with those recorded in the central Mediterranean (Jorissen et al., 1993). The core is 820 cm long and consists of hemipelagic mud intercalated with silty to sandy turbidites, particularly between 300 and 510 cm (Figure 2). The chronology of core SK1 is based on four AMS. C dating (table 1) .Planktonic foraminiferal counts were made on the 150-595 mì fraction of 55 xamples using an Otto microsplitter. Benthic foraminifers were collected from the same aliquots but their small numbers allow only a semi-quantitative analysis. PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERS The association below 680 cm is characterized by the common occurrence of Globorotalis scitula, high numbers of Turborotalita quinqueloba, and the (near) absence of Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina bulloides, and the SPRUDTS group (uniting the warm-water species Globigerinella siphonifera, Hastigerina pelagica, Globoturborotalita rubescens, Orbulina universa, Globigerina digitata, Globigerinoides tenellus, and Globigerinoides sacculifer). The association between 680 and 570 cm is dominated by neogloboquadrinids, Globorotalia scitula is virtually absent, whereas Turborotalia quinqueloba, Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerina bulloides occur in low numbers. The association above 570 cm is characterized by the common occurrence of the SPRUDTS group and the (near) absence of neogloboquadrinids, with Globigerina bulloides and Turborotalita qunqueloba dominating between 570 and 300 cm and Globigerinoides ruber above 305 cm. A grossly similar succession has been reported from the central Mediterranean used to subdivide late Pleistocene to Holocene sediments into three zones corresponding roughly to the pleniglacial (zone III), late Weichselian (zone II), and the Holocene (zone I) climatic stages of the last glacial cycle (Jorissen et al., 1993). The ages for the III/II and II/I zonal boundaries in the central Mediterranean are in good agreement with those calculated boundaries in core SK1. Linear interpolation between the 14 C datings yields ages of 13,200 and 10,600 yr BP for the III/II and II/I zonal boundaries in core SK1, which are in good agreement with the reported age ranges of 13,63012,680 and 10,330-9,060 yr BP for the same boundaries in the central Mediterranean (Jorissen et al., 1993). BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS The benthic fauna from zone III is dominated by Civicides pachydermus and Cassidulina laevigata carinata. The fauna from zone II is dominated by Bolivina spathulata, Hyalinea balthica, Cibicides wuellerstorfi, and Siphotextularia


An international conference on high-latitude ionospheric modeling produced 27 papers in the areas of ionospheric mapping, electron density and distribution, ion density and distribution, ionospheric storems, ionospheric composition, and ionospheric sounding techniques. Upgrades to the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model were proposed in several papers.


Based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, Magnetic properties of multilayered film with different thickness, interaction, and magnetic anisotropy are studied . It is found that the phase transition temperature decreased and M(T)-T relations became linearized with the decreasing or the thickness. The Bloch constant B varies with different interaction ( J) and different nearest numbers of an atom( ). B is proportional to and J -3/2 ,the simulation results are compared directly with the results based on the spin-wave excitations and mean field theory , and are consistent with experimental facts.


Let D be a subset of a normed space X and T: DX be a nonexpansive mapping. Given a sequence {x_n} in D and two real sequences {t_n} and {s_n} satisfying ? 0≤t_n≤t1 and ∑∞n=1t_n=∞; ? 0≤s_n≤1 and ∑∞n=1s_n∞; ? x_(n+1)=t_nT(s_nTx_n+(1-s_n)x_n+v_n)+(1-t_n)x_n+u_n,n=1,2,3,..., where {u_n} and {v_n} are two summable sequences in X and (lim)n→∞ t~(-1)_n‖u_n‖=0. We prove that if {x_n} is bounded, then (lim)n→∞‖Tx_n-x_n‖=0. The conditions on D,X and T are shown which guarantee the weak and strong convergence of the Ishikawa iteration processes with errors to a fixed point of T.


The apparent distribution coefficients, Kapp, of glucose, cellobiose and 3-ketocellobiose onto the cation-exchange resins with various divinylbenzene (DYB) contents in Li+, Na+, K+, Ca+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ forms were measured at room temperature. The Kapp values of 3-ketocellobiose were greater than those of cellobiose in spite of the similar molecular masses, and were near those of glucose for the resins with any DYB content in all the ion forms tested. The Kapp values of cellobiose, which were estimated from the Kapp values of glucose under the assumption of no complex formation with the ions according to our previous model, coincided with the experimental values. This indicated that cellobiose formed no complex with the counter-ions within resins or that the binding constants of cellobiose to the ions were extremely low. On the other hand, it was shown that 3-ketocellobiose formed complexes with all the ions tested. The binding constants of 3-ketocellobiose to the ions were estimated based on the model, and could be correlated with the dynamic hydration numbers of the counter-ions.


SPEAKeasy is a successful implementation of a software-defined radio (SDR) for military applications. It permits general-purpose digital hardware to communicate over a wide range of frequencies, modulation techniques, data encoding methods, cryptographic types, and other communication parameters. The background of SDRs for military and commercial needs is discussed, and the SPEAKeasy architecture is defined.


Objective:To evaluate the relation of the clinical efficacy and safety with the plasma drug concentration of sodium valproate in treatment of the patients with bipolar Ⅰ disorder and mixed episodes.Methods:The eligible patients(n=30)received sodium valproate treatment,and the dosages of sodium valproate were individualized.The patients were assessed with the Clinical Global Impress Scale-bipolar Disorder(CGI-BP),Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS),Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-21),Global Assessment Scale,and the plasma concentrations of sodium valproate were assayed at the baseline,and at the end of the 1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,16th week after treatment.Blood biochemistry and routine,urine routine and electrocardiogram were examined,and treatment emergent symptoms scale(TESS) was assessed for safety evaluation,at the baseline,and the 4,8,12,16th week after treatment.Results:(1) The scores of CGI-BP [(5.0±0.4) vs.(5.3±0.5)] and YMRS [(26.7±3.7) vs.(30.4±1.5)] after 1 week treatment were significantly decreased compared with the baseline(all P0.05).The social function was significantly improved since the 4th week.At the end of 16th week,the effective rates were 93%,and the rate of observable side effects was 40%.(2) The plasma effective concentration of Sodium valproate was(84~125) μg/ml,the effective maintainable concentration was(77~98)μg/ml.Conclusion:Sodium valproate has good efficacy on the treatment of bipolar Ⅰ disorder,which is correlated with plasma drug concentration.


The Hague Conference of 1907 is over and the delegates return to their respective countries. Aspirations for the pacific settlement of international disputes have been voiced and a list of possible arbitrators has been drawn up described by the formal name of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Well and good! No obligation was accepted to have recourse to the Court, but at least the Conference went so far as to declare its acceptance of "the principle of compulsory arbitration" and its applicability to international agreements. At the same time the Conference declared that the divergencies of opinion in respect to compulsory arbitration "have not exceeded the bounds of judicial controversy," and that the delegates, in the course of their long collaboration, had succeeded "in evolving a very lofty conception of the common welfare of humanity."


(57) Abstract: diapers, pants diapers, incontinence guards, sanitary napkins, panty liners or fluid acquisition / transfer layer in an absorbent article, such as those similar article. Said fluid acquisition / transfer layer (7) is 3.4dtex or more heat shrinkable spiral thermoplastic multi-component (preferably dihydric component) Performance Fibers (1) (a component of the fiber (2, 3) are different from each other has a shrinkage properties, are positioned in side by side relation), and comprises a mixture of thermoplastic binder fibers that are bonded together (4) by heat treatment, the functional fibers (1) is not substantially affected by the thermal treatment .


As a format for data exchange and data storage,XML is most commonly used in companies and organizations in various types of applications such as Office Open XML and XHTML. Along with the data explosion, searching similar XML tree from multiple XML trees becomes important. The existing LAX algorithm was proposed for efficiently calculating the XML Similarity degree of two XML trees. However it takes much time with large scale data. In this paper,to cope with a large number of XML trees,we propose parallel algorithms that perform LAX using MapReduce framework. In our experiments,we evaluate our methods by using actual xml trees and synthetic ones.


Abstract To determine the best date for patients to begin treatment for pollinosis, an attempt was made to predict the start of the grass pollen season as accurately as possible. A new method to define the start of the grass pollen season is presented. It identifies the date when at a certain location the accumulated total (from 1 Jan.) of 24 h average grass pollen concentrations (No./m3) reaches 100. This method is called the Σ100-method. Using the phenological method over the years 1977 through 1985, with the birch (Σ125=x) as the indicator plant, the start of the grass pollen period (Σ100=z) could be predicted more than twice as accurately as would have been possible solely based on the mean starting dates in the preceeding years. The predicted starting date (z) can be calculated with the equation z=0.68x+65.33 (x and z as day-of-the-year numbers), SD=1.6 day, r=0.86, n=9.


A new method of gold concentration with a total enrichment factor of ∼104 has been developed. The method includes a liquid-liquid extraction of by reverse micelles; reduction of gold (III) to Au nanoparticles (with hydrazine monohydrate as a reducing agent) in the extracts and an electrophoretic concentration of the particles in a cell with parallel-plane electrodes. With increasing sodium sulfate concentration in the feed there was a decrease of water content for ordinary micelles and an increase of gold extraction. At a constant acid-salt background (3 mol/L HCl + 3.5 mol/L Na2SO4) concentration, AOT introduction into micelles led to a decrease in extraction. The obtained regularities are consistent with a hydrate-solvate mechanism. The electrophoretic mobility of gold nanoparticles in extracts has been determined. When AOT was introduced into the extracts after the stage of reduction the electrophoretic mobility of nanoparticles was considerably increased (from −1.8 × 10−11 to 1.8 × 10−10 m2/(V × s)) which made possible an additional stage of electrophoretic concentration with an enrichment factor of ∼1.5 × 103.


The high-pressure melamine plant in Urumqi petrochemical company of CNPC is introduced from the European technology engineering Company,and the OAT condensing system(OAT crystal system and ultrafiltration system) is the third generation modified process.The OAT condensing process is a new design and still under testing.Blocking problem frequently occurred at OAT condensing system in similar plants in China.This problem in our plant is studied and solved,and the system can run steadily in long period.


Peony Pavilion,a resplendent play of over 400 years ago,is now on the stage repeatedly and intensively.The life and death in dream and reality,the sprouting and dying down of love,the death and resurrection,is displayed again and again.DU Liniang,the play's heroine,longed for freedom,which was beyond her access in Ming Dynasty centuries ago,but handy nowadays.However,Peony Pavilion,which bloomed at the time unfavorable for its growth,is withering now at the time suitable for its luxuriance——the absurdity behind the death and resurrection of the plays' heroine.


eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. We describe recent advances in the empirical analysis of insurance markets. This new research proposes ways to estimate individual demand for insurance and the relationship between prices and insurer costs in the presence of adverse and advantageous selection. We discuss how these models permit the measurement of welfare distortions arising from asymmetric information and the welfare consequences of potential government policy responses. We also discuss some challenges in modeling imperfect competition between insurers, and outline a series of open research questions. JEL classification numbers: C51, D82. Abstract. We describe recent advances in the empirical analysis of insurance markets. This new research proposes ways to estimate individual demand for insurance and the relationship between prices and insurer costs in the presence of adverse and advantageous selection. We discuss how these models permit the measurement of welfare distortions arising from asymmetric information and the welfare consequences of potential government policy responses. We also discuss some challenges in modeling imperfect competition between insurers, and outline a series of open research questions.


Based on the Purcell equation for porous medium represented by a bundle of circular capillary tubes, the Kozeny equation has been derived. The derivation is based on the usage of the holder inequality in a form where it can be seen that the Kozeny equation is only an approximation to the Purcell equation. It is shown that the shape factor is not identical to the Kozeny constant, and established that the value of the Kozeny constant does not exceed 2. An equation for calculation of the shape factor/Kozeny factor ratio, based on capillary pressure data, is developed. The connection between relative permeability to liquid phase calculated by applying the Purcell equation and the theory of Rapoport and Leas also is developed. In addition, it is shown that the Kozeny constant is dependent on liquid saturation. 12 references.


Amorphous Al2O3 coating with a thickness of 143 μm was firstly prepared by anodic oxidation, then the amorphous Al2O3 was transformed into crystalline Al2O3 through applying micro arc discharge. The crystal structure of the Al2O3 coatings was analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer. Results indicated that the coating consisted of amorphous and crystalline Al2O3. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that the coating had a compact structure. The thermal conductivity of the coating was 23.7 W/m·K, which is significantly higher than that of amorphous Al2O3 coating. The total and specific breakdown voltages of the coating were 3.85 kV and 26.92 kV/mm, which is suitable to apply for high power LED heat sink substrate.


Field beans provide high-protein fodder and, as a legume, provide the soil with nitrogen. In the organic rotation, they are a welcome change from cereals.
This leaflet provides a summary on what to consider in order to cultivate organic field beans successfully from seed to delivery. It contains information on the plants, their needs and on how they should be cultivated and harvested. It also shows how to protect the field beans from weed, diseases and pests. In addition, some information about profitability and possible uses is provided.
This leaflet was made for farmers that want to begin cultivating organic field beans, but it might also be of use to conventional farmers. The information about economic aspects is specific to Switzerland.


We present evidence of anisotropic galaxy assembly bias in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 12 galaxy sample at a level exceeding 5σ. We use measurements of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion σ⋆ and stellar mass M⋆ to perform a simple split into subsamples of galaxies. We show that the amplitude of the monopole and quadrupole moments of the power spectrum depend differently on σ⋆ and M⋆, allowing us to split the galaxy sample into subsets with matching monopoles but significantly different quadrupoles on all scales. Combining data from the LOWZ and CMASS NGC galaxy samples, we find >5σ evidence for anisotropic bias on scales k<0.15 h Mpc−1. We also examine splits using other observed properties. For galaxy samples split using M⋆ and projected size R0, we find no significant evidence of anisotropic bias. Galaxy samples selected using additional properties exhibit strongly varying degrees of anisotropic assembly bias, depending on which combination of properties is used to split into subsets. This may explain why previous searches for this effect using the Fundamental Plane found inconsistent results. We conclude that any selection of a galaxy sample that depends on σ⋆ can give biased and incorrect Redshift Space Distortion measurements.


Transcript of LA "SALOME" DE RICHARD STRAUSS A L'OPERA by Victor Debay, appearing in LE COURRIER MUSICAL, 15 mai 1910, pp. 392-3. (Strauss)


Though often read as a discrete poem, Psalm 100 is read within the context of Psalms 93-100 in this article. Such a reading helps expose how language, which had been rooted in warfare, has been transformed into the language of worship. The background in warfare is explored through intertextual links within this collection and then against the background provided by the book of Joshua as a sample text. As the conclusion to this collection within the Psalter, Psalm 100 transforms this language, so that Yahweh's kingship over all the earth is expressed not in the violence of conquest, but rather in the joyful submission of freely given worship.


Abstract : This report presents a description of the development, design, fabrication, and field testing of the TEMPS (Transportable EMP Simulator). The basic system is a simulator with the geometry of a cylinder parallel to the ground surface driven at its center by a high voltage capacitive pulser and terminated resistively at its ends to ground. The pulser and cylindrical antenna are supported by means of a dielectric support structure at elevations of up to 20 meters measured from the antenna/pulser centerline to ground. Essentially, TEMPS has three individual subsystems: the pulse generator, the cylindrical antenna, and the support structure.


A  $2 \times 2$  dual-polarized (DP) aperture-coupled microstrip antenna array with high isolation, broadband, and low cross polarization for Ku-band is proposed based on the quasi-substrate integrated waveguide (Q-SIW) technology. The proposed microstrip antenna array is excited by two orthogonal four-way corporate (parallel) feed networks, which not only has a multistage structure with broadband but also provides pairs of differential outputs. The Q-SIW structure, composed of several reflectors and substrate integrated metal pillars, is used to increase the bandwidth, improve the isolation, and reduce the influence of feed network. The measured and simulated results show that the DP array exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 26.37% for vertical port and 27.77% for horizontal port. The cross polarization level is better than −34 dB and −40 dB for two ports, and the isolation between the two ports is above 32 dB.


With accurate and detailed advice on how to grow, use and preserve herbs, the author tells, from his own years of experience, what to do -- step-by-step.


In order to study the effects of salinity stress and sowing method on yield, yield component and oil percentage in two spring safflower a field experiment was conducted at Research Station of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. The experimental design was a split split plot based on Randomized Complete Block with three replications. Treatment were two cultivars (Goldasht and Isfahan 14) as main plot and four salinity levels (.4, 5.9, 7.3 and 9.1 dS m-1) as sub plot and two sowing method (furrow and ridges) as sub-sub plot. Results showed that with increasing salinity seed yield and its component (capitula number per plant, seed number per capitula, capitula weight per plant and 1000-seed weight) were significantly decreased. The highest seed yield (2265.43 Kg ha-1) obtained at .4 dS m-1 level and the lowest seed yield (1559.19 Kg ha-1) achieved at 9.1dSm-1 salinity level. The cultivar Isfahan 14 as compared with Goldasht cultivar was found more salt tolerant and in all of levels of salinity has higher seed yield. With increasing salinity, oil percentage of two cultivars decreased but this reduction in Isfahan 14 by (22.7 percent) lower than Goldasht cultivar. Seed yield in furrow sowing was higher by (4.7 percent) than ridge sowing. It seems that the modification of sowing method and selection cultivar are two agents that can be used as a way of alleviating the adverse effect of salinity on growth and yield.


The use of measurements to compensate for the effect of uncertainty has recently gained attention in the context of real-time optimization of dynamic systems. The commonly used approach consists of updating a process model and performing numerical optimization using the refined model. In contrast, this paper presents a two-level approach that does not require repeating the optimization:  At the upper level, the constraints that are active in the optimal solution are identified from optimization of a nominal process model; at the lower level, feedback control is used to enforce the necessary conditions of optimality, i.e., meet the identified active constraints and push selected gradients to zero. A key feature of this self-optimizing control scheme is the use of an input parametrization that is tailored to the identified active constraints. Another feature that is specific to batch processes is the possibility to meet the control objectives either online or on a run-to-run basis. The self-optimizing contr...


The paper is about the necessity of setting up a new system of service in the library under the new social circumstance and the influence of its contents on the library.


The agricultural promulgate is obtain all kinds of information in present stage the major media was analyzed,the agricultural transmitter of different profession in the agricultural production role-play and function was described,obtained a proper understanding of agricultural transmitter effectively improve the communication process the quality and efficiency,the agricultural communication better service for rural development and agricultural production industry,.


According to Pfizer's Hellas financial statements from 2013 to 2016 and other information related to Pfizer's history and activity, a breakdown of indicators is attempted to assess its situation and its potential. Considering the size of key ratios and certainly within the industry in which the company is incorporated, the positive effects of liquidity and stock movement will be identified, as well as a remarkably low utilization of its assets, which is unable to generate high profitability.


Abstract This study assessed assumptions individuals make about their own personal worlds or the world in general and assessed whether these assumptions differ for members of a majority or a minority group. Undergraduate students at the University of North Carolina responded to one of two forms of the World Assumptions Scale and the Just World Scale. One form was the original, and in the other all third-person singular pronouns were changed to first-person singular pronouns. Analyses revealed effects for form and ethnicity. These individuals saw their personal worlds as less random, more just, and more benevolent than they saw the world in general. Minority persons saw the world, personal or general, as less benevolent and less lucky. Order of presentation affected scores on the World Assumptions Scale, raising concerns about the stability of scores for that scale.


This paper surveys orthogonal designs which are an overview of Baumert-Hall arrays, Hadamard matrices and weighing matrices. The known results are given and unsolved problems indicated. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication Details Anthony V. Geramita and Jennifer Seberry Wallis, A survey of orthogonal designs, Proceedings of the Fourth Manitoba Conference on Numerical Mathematics, Congressus Numerantium, 12, (1974), 121-168. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/infopapers/960 A SURVEY OF ORTHOGeNAL DESIGNS Anthony V. Geramita Department of Mathematics Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, CANADA Jennifer Seberry Wallis LA.S. Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T., AUSTRALIA


If you are reading this note, I am most likely dead and you are the new tenant or tenants at #172B Meriwether Terrace. Under the circumstances, I'm sure you'll forgive me for taking the liberty of sharing some historical information about your future home, which was my former home, and before that belonged to a deranged postal worker who went to the loony bin for hoarding undelivered mail. After all, if you've found this letter, it means you were poking around beneath the shelving paper, probably searching for a suicide note or dirty pictures or whatever. Well, you can stop searching—for a suicide note, that is. Because I didn't leave one. Unless you count this memo, which you shouldn't, since I'm writing this for your benefit, not for mine. To give you context. A person only writes a suicide note if she has someone she wants to leave a message for—someone she knows personally, I mean— and the sad reality is that I don't. Not even a cat. Of course, I do realize that I'm not the first fifty-eight year old woman to drink a gallon of bleach on account of a man, although I do think I've had better reasons that most. But like I said, this isn't about me...


Case study: A young married couple visits your office for their initial prenatal visit. They each smoke one pack of cigarettes daily.


Introduction: 99mTc-Pentetate or 99mTc-DTPA (99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is radiopharmaceutical material for renal function study in nuclear medicine. To ensure the quality of image, radiochemical purity of radiopharmaceutical material has to be tested before administration to patient. Thin layer chromatographic technique is widely used in radiochemical purity testing. Recently, paper chromatography is also recommended because it is cheaper than thin layer chromatography. Objective: To compare paper chromatographic and thin layer chromatographic techniques on the radiochemical purity testing of 99mTc-DTPA. Materials and methods: The labeling time for preparing of 99mTc-DTPA were 5, 10 and 30 minutes. Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-DTPA was determined by using two chromatographic techniques. For paper chromatographic technique, a Whatman No.1 paper strip was used as stationary phase, normal saline and acetone as mobile phases. For thin layer chromatographic technique, a thin layer chromatography silica gel (TLC-SG) strip was used as a stationary phase, normal saline and acetone as a mobile phases. Results: Percentage of radiochemical purity by paper chromatographic technique was 75.8±8.3, 88.3±3.7 and 92.0±3.4 at 5, 10 and 30 minutes of labeling times, respectively. Percentage of radiochemical purity by using thin layer chromatographic technique was 71.1±7.6, 91.2±0.9 and 90.5±0.3 at 5, 10 and 30 minutes of labeling times, respectively. From the study, it was found that percentage of radiochemical purity by using two techniques was not statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: A paper chromatographic and thin layer chromatographic technique was similarly in the radiochemical purity testing of 99mTc-DTPA.


This article presents an algorithm for identification of anomalous magnetic field and loss in silicon steel sheet (SSS). Since the magnetic field in an SSS consists of static hysteresis, eddy current, and anomalous magnetic fields, the anomalous magnetic field is extracted from the measured hysteresis field by excluding the static hysteresis and eddy current fields. In order to predict the anomalous magnetic field for an arbitrary $B$ -waveform, an artificial neural network model with deep learning algorithm is suggested. Through comparisons with experimental measurements over a non-oriented electrical steel sheet, 35PN440, the proposed algorithm is validated.


Composite solar unit of solar water heater cum distillation device (SWHD) was designed and developed for domestic use. Such composite solar unit was developed to obtain hot water and distilled water simultaneously. Solar water heater cum distillation device was tested for full load condition in winter and summer to find out its performances. In solar water heater cum distillation unit the maximum temperatures of water in storage tank were 48.68 OC and 58.28 OC in winter and summer respectively. Total distilled water in 24 hours produced from SWHD in February 2004 and April 2004 was 5007 ml/m2/day and 5275 ml/m2/day respectively. Efficiency of SWHD for winter and summer was found to be 36.70%, 27.65% for solar water heater, 49.55%, and 43.97% for distillation in winter and summer seasons. The total cost of SWHD worked out to be Rs. 8930/-.


Gauge theories in various dimensions often admit discrete theta
angles, that arise from gauging a global symmetry with an additional
symmetry protected topological (SPT) phase. We discuss how the global
symmetry and 't Hooft anomaly depends on the discrete theta angles by
coupling the gauge theory to a topological quantum field theory (TQFT).
We observe that gauging an Abelian subgroup symmetry, that participates
in symmetry extension, with an additional SPT phase leads to a new
theory with an emergent Abelian symmetry that also participates in a
symmetry extension. The symmetry extension of the gauge theory is
controlled by the discrete theta angle which comes from the SPT phase.
We find that discrete theta angles can lead to two-group symmetry in
4d4d
QCD with SU(N),SU(N)/\mathbb{Z}_kSU(N),SU(N)/ℤk
or SO(N)SO(N)
gauge groups as well as various 3d3d
and 2d2d
gauge theories.


0. Summary of Argument The root cause for the persistent lack of progress toward competition in New Zealand telecommunications can be found in Telecom's origins: privatization and deregulation created a de facto monopoly; Telecom's monopoly is sustainable against competition despite the disappearance of natural monopoly conditions throughout telecommunications markets; Grants of monopoly are economically beneficial in some circumstances, but those conditions no longer prevail in telecommunications; The presence of network externalities and user switching costs, alone and in combination, can permit incumbents to exclude innovative entrants who are unable to achieve economies of scale; Due to network externalities and the rapid pace of technical change in telecommunications, dominance is especially detrimental to economic welfare; The portion of Telecom's economic profits derived from its de facto monopoly does not serve the purpose of promoting dynamic efficiency; A close analogy exists between intellectual property protection of computer software and monopoly provision of telecommunications bottleneck services, where in both cases a little monopoly power can be extremely harmful; What is needed is a " level playing field " that restores ex ante efficiency in the allocation of production, a situation approximating the formation of the cellular and cable industries in New Zealand; Legislation is needed that completes New Zealand's reform of telecommunications by de-monopolizing Telecom while preserving the " light handed " approach to regulation;


This paper studies the behavior of velocity of money in China from 1980 to 2000, the result shows the long-run velocity of money is declined, but the short-run velocity of money is fluctuated with economic periods. We consider the main determinants of circulation velocity to be financial development, economic system, and economic periods.


An enhancement of the side mode suppression ratio, by utilizing interdiffused quantum wells, of a /spl lambda//4 shifted distributed feedback laser is demonstrated theoretically. It is found that by introducing a diffusion step along the longitudinal direction of the quantum-well active region, the suppression ratio can be improved significantly for large /spl kappa/L (>2.6) devices. The maximum power for single longitudinal mode operation is increased by more than 50 mW.


The Sagāthāvagga, the "Book with Verses", is presented here as a collection of early Buddhist wisdom literature. As the first book of the Pāli Saṃyutta-nikāya, the Book with Verses seems as an anomaly—the other four books contain some of the denser articulations of early Buddhist philosophy in the canon. Thus, scholars question whether the first book, which normally introduces verses with stories, is a real part of the collection. Scholars are also inclined to assume that the verses are the heart of the text and have shown less interest in the work's compelling literary style. This article has three aims: First, it shows how the book and most distinctly its third chapter, is a form of wisdom literature, with protagonist King Pasenadi of Kosala being comparable to wisdom-kings like King Solomon or Alexander the Great, and anticipating the classic Buddhist wisdom-king Aśoka. Second, it shows how this collection was designed for a performance by storytellers or preachers, suggesting that this is a feature of the Buddhist genre of a prose story that introduces verses. Third, it demonstrates the organic connection between the first book and the other books of the Saṃyutta.


Polyp of the stomach is of clinical importance chiefly because of its tendency to undergo malignant degeneration; it is important also because of its tendency, whether benign or malignant, to give rise to hemorrhage and to pyloric obstruction. In a group of eight cases of carcinomatous gastric polyp that we have observed during the past ten years, three patients had experienced gastric hemorrhage of such a degree as to lead to a preliminary diagnosis of primary anemia, and all but one had developed pyloric stenosis. These three phenomena—malignancy, hemorrhage and obstruction—may be looked on as the important consequences of gastric polyp, but it is to carcinomatous transformation particularly that we wish to direct attention at this time. Under the heading of benign polyp of the stomach is included, strictly speaking, all the nonmalignant intragastric pedunculated tumors; but, since the myoma, the fibroma, the angioma, the lipoma and the myxoma are


This thesis resulted from analysis of the water in Lake Wichita so that sources of water content could be determined.