Cloud cover is an important factor controlling the way that radiation is absorbed and reflected by the earth. Increases in cloudiness enhance global albedo, thus tending to cool the surface and the effect on earth's radiation characteristics and the climate in general, thus tending to global warming and climate changes. In this work, is an attempt to investigate and understand the impact of solar activity on cloud cover amount over Baghdad city in 1983-2009 by analyzing the monthly values of cloud cover amount (low, mid-level, high and total), galactic cosmic rays, and the solar Modulation potential in 1983−2009, and use package Climate Data Operators for this purpose. The first object of this study was to determine the solar activity index (the Solar Modulation Potential SMP) instead of (galactic cosmic rays GCR), SMP was selected as an indicator of solar activity with a correlation coefficient (0.8) with GCR. The second object of our study was to investigate the relationship between the solar modulation potential (solar activity index) and cloud cover amount over Baghdad city for the period 1983−2009. The results showed that there is a relationship between the solar modulation potential and cloud cover amount for the period of study with the highest coefficient of correlation was (R= -0.71 ± 0.22) between total cloud cover amount and SMP, and the lowest correlation coefficient was (R= -0.36 ± 0.34) for the high cloud cover amount with SMP. Therefore, we can assume that the solar activity has an impact on the cloud cover amount over Baghdad city.


THE MANUFACTURE OF rubber goods proceeds through a series of successive processes of varying complexity, with important stream effects. Because any change in upstream step conditions readily reflects in downstream stages performance, it is necessary to achieve an optimal control of the various consecutive processes in order to develop a sufficient understanding of the physical, chemical, and rheological phenomena involved. As outlined in a recent review on the subject [9], the analogy between the screw extrusion of thermoplastic polymers and rubber extrusion is fairly limited: neither the physics and the rheology of the process nor the physico-chemical properties of the materials concerned are really comparable. For instance, while in plastic extrusion a true phase transition occurs in the material as it moves along the barrel, rubber strips used to feed rubber extruders are already in a pseudo-liquid state, because the elastomer is &dquo;molten&dquo;, above its glass transition temperature. Only a yield stress value has to be exceeded for a rubber compound to flow. Moreover, the high elastic character of elastomers, the essentially heterogeneous nature of rubber compounds, and the strong


The Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System (ACC/AFCS) study was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control System (ADOCS) program. Specifically, the ACC/AFCS investigation was aimed at developing the flight control laws for the ADOCS demonstrator aircraft that will provide satisfactory handling qualities for an attack helicopter mission. The three major elements of design considered during the study are as follows: Pilot's integrated Side-Stick Controller (SSC) -- Number of axes controlled; force/displacement characteristics; ergonomic design. Stability and Control Augmentation System (SCAS)--Digital flight control laws for the various mission phases; SCAS mode switching logic. Pilot's Displays--For night/adverse weather conditions, the dynamics of the superimposed symbology presented to the pilot in a format similar to the Advanced Attack Helicopter (AAH) Pilot Night Vision System (PNVS) for each mission phase as a function of SCAS characteristics; display mode switching logic. Volume 1 is an Executive Summary of the study. Conclusions drawn from analysis of pilot rating data and commentary were used to formulate recommendations for the ADOCS demonstrator flight control system design. The ACC/AFCS simulation data also provide an extensive data base to aid the development of advanced flight control system design for future V/STOL aircraft.


A collection of marine isopods taken from the continental shelf on the Agulhas Bank in the regions of Still Bay, False Bay, Saldanha Bay, and the southern west coast, is dealt with. Descriptions and figures of two new genera, viz. Agulanthura and Austroarcturus, as well as fourteen new species are provided. Introduction. . • Species list . . . Systematic discussion Valvifera Anthuridea. . Flabellifera. . Acknowledgements . References PAGE


Objective:To investigate the application status of antimicrobials to inpatients in our hospital during 2009 and to analyze the rationality of medication.Methods:120 clinical cases were randomly selected and analyzed retrospectively which 60 were operation and non-operation.Results:The usage of antibiotics for patients was 77.09%,the usage of antibiotics was 40.00% for non-operation,100.00% for operation,it wasnt meet a criterion to initial time of operative cases.Conclusion:There were still many irrational uses in antimicrobials in the inpatients of our hospital.Monitoring and management about it should be strengthened.


Background. Although transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very effective, local recurrence is not so rare. The reason is thought to be related to portal blood flow. The changes in the nourishing vessels in HCC after TAE were examined from the viewpoint of cell kinetics with direct reference to intracellular transportation of biochemical substrates, namely 5 bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), an analogue of thymidine.


About the Editors About the Contributors Preface Part I: Setting the Stage 1. The Development of Comprehensive School Reform - Joseph Murphy and Amanda Datnow Part II: New American Schools Designs 2. Expeditionary Learning Schools: Tenacity, Leadership and School Reform - Greg Farrell 3. The Modern Red Schoolhouse: Leadership in Comprehensive School Reform Initiatives - Sally B. Kilgore and James D. Jones 4. Co-nect: Purpose, Accountability, and School Leadership - Bruce Goldberg and Donald M. Morrison 5. The Accelerated Schools Project: Can a Leader Change the Culture and Embed Reform? - Christine Finnan and James Meza, Jr. 6. New American Schools: District and School Leadership for Whole-School Reform - Mark Berends, Susan Bodilly, and Sheila Nataraj Kirby Part III: Annenberg Challenge Initiatives 7. The Chicago Annenberg Challenge: Lessons on Leadership for School Development - Mark A. Smylie, Stacy A. Wenzel, and Carol R. Fendt 8. The Bay Area School Reform Collaborative: Building the Capacity to Lead - Michael Aaron Copland Part IV: Other National Comprehensive School Reform Designs 9. Success for All: District and School Leadership - Amanda Datnow and Marisa Castellano 10. The Coalition of Essential Schools: Leadership for Putting the Common Principles into Practice - Peter M. Hall and Peggy L. Placier 11. The Comer School Development Process: Developing Leadership in Urban Schools - Charles M. Payne and John B. Diamond Part V: Conclusion 12. Leadership Lessons from Comprehensive School Reform Designs - Joseph Murphy and Amanda Datnow Index


The microstructure and corrosion resistance of AM60 magnesium alloy surface after plasma beam melting treatment were investigated.The influence of plasma beam current on the depth and microhardness of melted layer of the alloy was analyzed.The results indicate that the surface of the alloy melted by plasma beam heating has extremely fine solid solution phase of single α-phase.The hardness of the melted layer increases to 160~200 HV 0.05,and the depth of the alloy is about 0.9~1.7 mm.With the increase of plasma beam current,the depth of the melted layer increases,while the hardness of the layer becomes lower.


it follows that the parity of X G 3Í?Í depends only on X, and not on the manner in which X is expressed as a product of powers of S and T. Let S be the subgroup of Wt consisting of all even elements; then clearly @ is of index 2 in SDîJ. It suffices to prove that (§ = 9Î2. We prove first that 3î2C@. Since the commutator subgroup of a group is always generated by squares, it suffices to show that ^4£9J?2 implies ^42G®. For AEWl}, this is clear. If AGWlî, set A=XJ = JY, where


Surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation in magnetic films can be implemented in different applications in the RF and microwave frequency ranges. Two applications based on the magnetoelastic interaction between the SAW and the magnetic spin system are discussed. First, the change in the phase velocity of the SAW was used in tuning RF delay-line based oscillators. The SAW delay lines are fabricated using ZnO layers on magnetic garnet films and operate at around 100 MHz. Second, the presence of the SAW slightly modulates the characteristics of the magnetic medium. Based on this effect, the scattering of magnetostatic waves (MSWs) by the acoustic waves was demonstrated. Both the MSW and the SAW are excited in the same garnet film. Yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) films have been used to study the interaction between the SAW and MSW. Magnetostatic forward volume waves (MSFVWs) are employed. They are generated and detected using short-circuited microstrip lines on a dielectric substrate ( epsilon /sub r/=10.6). The SAWs are excited and detected using bulk acoustic wave transducers and a pair of Plexiglas wedges. Experimental results demonstrating the diffraction of magnetostatic waves by SAWs are reported. Different applications including microwave frequency identification and shifting using the scattering of MSWs by SAWs are discussed.<<ETX>>


This study investigates the relationship of atraumatic, prearthritic hip pain to the severity of acetabular chondromalacia (CSI) documented at the time of hip arthroscopy in a group of athletes. Our hypothesis is that hip pain duration is positively correlated with acetabular cartilage damage. Forty-six consecutive patients with atraumatic, prearthritic hip pain under went hip arthroscopy. The severity of chondral damage was compared to duration of symptoms, age, and Wiberg's lateral center edge angle. For the cohort of male patients, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was r = 0.43 for age (p = 0.049), r = 0.85 for pain duration (p < 0.001), and r = 0.13 for Wiberg angle (p = 0.573). These findings in the athletic, male cohort supports a positive correlation between duration of hip pain symptoms and degree of acetabular chondromalacia.


Background: Abomasal diseases of dairy cattle are mainly associated with stress conditions, nutritional disorders and metabolic disorders. Dairy cattle that develop left or right abomasal displacement generally lose their appetite and have 30 to 50% drop in milk production. The objective of this work is to report the clinical and laboratorial aspects of a high yielding Holstein cow suffering left abomasal displacement in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Case: The cow was part of a research project of the Veterinary Faculty of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and was monitored weekly. The animal showed decreased milk production, anorexia, prostration, tremors, diarrhea, smelly metritis and a body score of 3 in a scale of 1-5. In the clinical examination, the animal presented respiratory rate of 26 movements per minute (RV: 26-35), heart rate of 71 beats per minute (RV: 48-84), body temperature of 38.5°C (RV: 3839.3), normocorate mucosa, moderate dehydration and no ruminal movements. In the abdominal auscultation the animal presented metallic sound in the left flank. Blood concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate was 8.3 mmol/L (RV: < 1.2 mmol/L). The cow underwent surgery for correction of left abomasum displacement. After surgery, the animal showed improvement of the clinical condition and ate hay, pasture and silage. Feeding with concentrate was avoided for a week. The animal had satisfactory evolution, being monitored for more 4 weeks and afterward was discharge. Discussion: Genetic improvement in milk cattle has led to the selection of animals with higher milk production through the selection of animals with deeper body capacity, which may allow more space in the abdomen for abomasal movement. In the present case, clinical ketosis was confirmed through the presence of ketonuria and ketonemia. Ketosis is caused by excess ketone bodies in organic fluids, with or without clinical signs. The impact of their disorder may be related to weight loss of the animal and occurrence of secondary diseases, as abomasal displacement. The blood activity of AST, an enzyme used as an indicator of liver damage, was increase (352 U/L; RV: < 132). Elevated activity of this enzyme is related to a greater tendency to problems such as retention of placenta and hypocalcemia, among others. In the present case, the most likely is that the animal had a high body score at the time of calving, and reduced dry matter intake. After that, the cow probably initiated a hepatic lipidosis, which is common in cases of ketosis. A decrease in the production of cholesterol occurred (68 mg/dL; RV: 80-120) further aggravated by the hepatic steatosis. With ketosis the animal decreased further the dry matter intake, anad as a consequence of all of the aforementioned factors, retention of placenta and subsequent metritis may occurred, further reducing feed ingestion. Finally, all the associated problems caused the abomasum displacement worsening the condition of the animal. This clinical case confirms the importance of having good pre and postpartum management. The animal presented interrelated diseases that are frequently cause and effect for the overall picture.


In communities where there is a high incidence of honor killings there is a powerful sense of the concept of honor and a shared belief that honor is the most fundamental value in life. It is these differing cultural interpretations and understandings of honor and shame, rather than Islam or other religious beliefs, which dictate what is perceived as honorable and what is not and, to a great extent, determine whether any action needs to be taken against shameful conduct. It can also be observed, however, that while honor killing is not a solely Muslim phenomenon, the concept has increasingly become associated with Muslim societies in general. There are factors arising from the different interpretations of certain Qur'anic verses that have made Muslim communities more vulnerable to such misinterpretation and misunderstanding. By reference to different interpretations of these verses, this article aims to illustrate the way in which the social status of women and their sexuality have ostensibly been reconstructed as a source of "potential stress" or "potential threat" to family honor. It is this reconstruction that creates an environment conducive in Muslim communities to the practice of honor killings, and makes Muslims more likely to exhibit the typical characteristics of honor killings.


The relationship between strength distribution or ground ceramics and machining condition was examined. The strength of ground silicon carbide ceramics at the failure probability of 1 percent, which is termed 1 % strength, was estimated as a function of the maximum grain depth of cut g, which is used as an index of grinding conditions. It is assumed that the fracture is governed by the competing failure mechanism between pre-existing flaws and machining cracks and that the Weibull modulus of machining cracks was independent of grinding condition. The deviation from estimated value is noticeable in small g region although experimental data of the 1% strength of ground specimen approaches that of polished ones with diminishing g. The observed discrepancy is inferred to be attributed to an increase in stress intensity factor by the interaction between a pre-existing flaw and its adjacent machining crack.Copyright © 1997 by ASME


ing the delivery of social assistance so that it reaches those who need it'. And a 'key objective was to try to make meaningful policy recommendations on how to improve targeting'. The book is divided into four chapters: 'The Transition Economies in the Study: How Similar and Different they Are' (by Branko Milanovic); 'The Determinants of Poverty in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union' (by Christiaan Grootaert and Jeanine Braithwaite); 'The Role of Social Assistance in Addressing Poverty' (by Branko Milanovic); 'Policy Recommendations and General Conclusions' (by Jeanine Braithwaite, Christiaan Grootaert, and Branko Milanovic). Having constructed comparative poverty profiles for six countries and assessed the social assistance delivery systems in these countries, the authors formulated policy recommendations and general conclusions. For them, 'The most striking finding is how different the post-Soviet experience with poverty and targeting is from the East European one. Overcoming the Soviet legacy has not been as easy as the generally positive East European transitions would have suggested.' There is no doubt that both books can be recommended to those who are interested in changes affecting East European and postSoviet Union countries.


In the context of innovation teams of universities,the study explores the effect of transactional leadership,transformational leadership and team climate for innovation on team' s job satisfaction. The research results of 43 innovative teams prove that transformational leadership and team climate for innovation are positively correlated,and transactional leadership and team climate for innovation are negatively correlated. Both two types of leadership show direct influence on team work satisfaction,and team climate for innovation mediates this relationship. Our model reveals the relations and the roles of leadership,team climate for innovation and team job satisfaction. The empirical results offer substantial support for this hypothesis.


A spectrophotometer constructed and used by the author simultaneously compares 15 A centered at Hα with 100 A of flanking continuum, also 15 A centered at Ca K with 100 A of flanking continuum; the readout employs pulse-counting electronics and an automatic digital printer. Wavelengths other than Hα and CaK may he easily selected. Design criteria and relevant details of construction are discussed. A special cooling pump used to refrigerate the photomultiplier tubes is described, together with a system for preventing condensation of moisture on the optics and photomultiplier. The performance of the apparatus is discussed—in particular its approach to 1% accuracy in individual Hα line-intensity readings, and its ability to work through several magnitudes of varying clouds and extinction with essentially unimpaired accuracy.


Engineered cells for adoptive therapy are provided, including NK cells and T cells. Also provided are compositions for manipulation and production of cells, compositions containing cells, and methods of administration thereof to the subject. In some aspects, the characteristics and methods of cells provide specificity and / or efficacy. In some embodiments, the cell contains an antigen, such as a chimeric antigen receptor (CARs) and a genetically engineered antigen receptor that specifically binds to a co-stimulatory receptor. In some embodiments, the cell comprises a receptor that targets a plurality of antigens. In some embodiments, the cell comprises a suppression of one or more gene products, for example, by the destruction of a gene encoding the gene product. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the antigen recognized by the engineered antigen receptor is destroyed, reducing the potential for targeting of the engineered cells.


I n this paper we developed some power product bounds for generalized k- gamma and k- beta functions in the form of theorems and corollaries and further we have enumerated some results of k- gamma and k- beta functions as special cases in the form of corollaries.


Poltergeist accounts concern at least four kinds of strange spontaneous manifestations, such as burning of materials, failures of electric equipments, rapping noises and movements of objects. A simple analysis of phenomenology of these disturbances shows that they might have a common origin, that is, a reduction in strength of molecular bonds due to an enhancement in polarization of vacuum which decreases the actual electron charge. Arguments based on Prigogine' nonequilibrium thermodynamics are proposed, which show how transformations in brain of some pubescent childs or young womans might be the cause of these effects.


Recently, increasing interest in so‐called functional or smart materials with electromechanical coupling has been shown such as ferroelectric piezoceramics. These materials are characterized by microstructural properties, which can be changed by external stress and electric field stimuli, and hence find use as the active components in sensors and actuators. The electromechanical coupling effects result from the existence and rearrangement of microstructural domains with uniformly oriented electric polarization. The understanding and efficient simulation of these highly nonlinear and dissipative mechanisms, which occur on the microscale of ferroelectric piezoceramics, are a key challenge of the current research. This paper does not offer a substantially new physical model of these phenomena but a new mathematical modeling approach based on a rigorous exploitation of rate‐type variational principles. This provides a new insight in the structure of the coupled problem, where the governing field equations appear as the Euler equations of a variational statement. We outline a variational‐based micro‐electro‐elastic model for the microstructural evolution of both electrically and mechanically driven electric domains in ferroelectric ceramics, which also incorporates the surrounding free space. To this end, we extend recently developed multifield incremental variational principles of electromechanics from local to gradient‐extended dissipative response and specialize it by a Ginzburg–Landau‐type phase field model, where the thickness of the domain walls enters the formulation as a length scale. This serves as a natural starting point for a canonical compact, symmetric finite element implementation, considering the mechanical displacement, the microscopic polarization, and the electric potential induced by the polarization as the primary fields. The latter is defined on both the solid domain and a surrounding free space. Numerical simulations treat domain wall motions for electric field‐driven and stress‐driven loading processes, including the expansion of the electric potential into the free space. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


children and teens is on the rise. Approximately one in five children are considered overweight, with the I ^ number of overweight children doubling in the past (t q two decades (i). This leads to a generation at risk ~._v~ . for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and other serious health problems. Recent reports document an alarming rise in type z diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in overweight youth (i). Policies related to public health issues such as childhood nutrition are often influenced by news coverage of these issues. The purpose of this content analysis research is to give public health professionals an understanding of how the issue is portrayed in the news and thus, by extension, presented to policy makers and the public. News coverage has a strong impact on what issues the public and policy makers consider important and how they interpret and respond to those issues (2).


It is noted that injury losses borne by individual users and consumers of products have been shifted increasingly to the sellers and manufacturers of those products. This article addresses the question of whether that shift has improved the overall workings of our tort loss distribution system. The theories of products liability are examined, and loss distribution-negligence versus strict liability is reviewed. The varieties of defect (manufacturing, design) are discussed. Strict liability is discussed in relation to the conceptual model for fault. As applied in manufacturing defect cases, the rule of strict liability can be viewed to a large extent as one of proof; plaintiffs were benefited primarily by a presumption or imputation of knowledge to the manufacturer, with the manufacturers conduct in marketing the product then measured against the familiar standard of reasonableness. In cases of conscious design choice, however, the rule of strict liability may have different implications. These implications are discussed. In cases of conscious design choice, the predominance of secondary loss spreading-deep pocket law-as a basis for strict liability becomes apparent. It is possible, however, that by permitting losses to be spread too broadly, the combination of strict liability and insurance has a perverse effect on the goal of primary loss reduction.


The release of apical dominance following the browsing of stems can alter plant arch itecture and provide tolerance to herbivore damage. Meristem changes are not associated with foliar damage, so tolerance responses to foliar feeding may not be robustly expressed. In this study, tolerance to foliar damage was characterized for six genetic classes of willows in an interspecific hybrid system (pure Salix eriocephala plants, pure S. sericea plants, F1 hybrids, F2 hybrids, backcrosses to S. sericea, and backcrosses to S. eriocephala). This characterization allo wed the genetic architecture of tolerance to be exp lored. Plagiodera versicolora, a s mall leaf beetle, was used to inflict foliar damage. Cuttings of genetically identical plants were matched to create a metric of b io mass tolerance (defined here as the rat io of bio mass for a damaged plant relative to an undamaged plant). Init ial size d ifferences between cuttings influenced the relative performance of damaged/undamaged pairs, so a ratio of the cuttings (damaged/undamaged) was calculated using initial wet weights. The ratio of cutting weight explained mean ingful variance in b io mass tolerance (F1,68 = 71.4; P = 0.0001; r 2 = 0.51). Residual variance in bio mass tolerance (the variance remaining in b io mass tolerance follo wing removal of variance exp lained by the ratio of cutting weight) was used to reduce the effect of differences in initial plant size for damaged versus undamaged plants. Residual variance in bio mass tolerance differed significantly among genetic classes (F5,64 = 2.7; P = 0.03). Using a Tukey post-hoc test, F1 hybrids had significantly greater to lerance to foliar damage than backcrosses to S. sericea. Using line cross analysis, the model exp ressing the genetic architecture for tolerance in this hybrid system included additive genetic effects (a) + do minance-dominance epistasis (dd). For this willow system, tolerance to damage appears to be a fundamental response, whether damage is associated with browsing or foliar damage. Given the epistatic interactions observed in the current study, coupled together with the potential co mp lexity of growth/storage traits associated with the mechanis ms of tolerance, the trajectory for the evolution of tolerance challenges easy interpretations.


This paper is a reflection on the process of conducting research as part of a clinical psychology doctorate course. Specific attention is given to the author's thoughts about the feasibility of being a scientist–practitioner, the importance of supervision and the range of emotions elicited during the research process.


In this study we profiled metabolite extracts of wild type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings impaired in flavonoid biosynthesis. Multivariate data analysis revealed that several compounds were absent in the mutant strains. MS/MS and Pseudo-MS3 data acquired on a maXis impact high-resolution Q-TOF instrument enabled unambiguous elemental composition determination for precursor and fragment ions. Correlating this information with hypothetical compound structures using the FragmentExplorerTM enabled the tentative identification of a flavonoid-glucoside: quercetin3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside. The aglycon structure could be verified by comparing Pseudo-MS3 spectra with reference spectra of a quercetin standard. Interestingly, querying an MS/MS library that was measured on a micrOTOF-Q with the quercetin aglycon Pseudo-MS3 spectrum measured on the maXis impact returned the same candidate hit. This result demonstrates the applicability of shared MS/MS data acquired on different Q-TOF instruments – even in different labs – for fast de-replication workflows. Application Note # ET-30 Metabolic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary metabolites using a maXis impact B ru ke r D al to ni cs is c on tin ua lly im pr ov in g its p ro du ct s an d re se rv es t he r ig ht to c ha ng e sp ec ifi ca tio ns w ith ou t no tic e. © B ru ke r D al to ni cs 0 5 -2 01 2, E T30 , # 70 0 92 1


The correlation of serum and synovial fluid (SF) pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) levels with disease progression of primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) was explored. Radiographic severity of OA was determined by Kellgren–Lawrence (K-L) grades. PACAP levels were measured by ELISA before treatment, and 4 and 8 wk following hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. Levels of IL-1β and MMP-3 were also detected. The numeric pain scale (NPS), revised Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and American Knee Society Score (AKSS) were employed to evaluate to symptomatic severity. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to compare the diagnostic value of PACAP, IL-1β, and MMP-3 for the K-L grade. PACAP concentrations in SF but not serum were significantly lower in OA patients compared with controls. SF PACAP levels were negatively associated with K-L grades and higher NPS as well as worse AKSS and OKS. Further analysis demonstrated that PACAP concentration in SF was negatively correlated with expressions of IL-1β as well as MMP-3 and may act as a marker for radiographic progression along with MMP-3. Last, we found SF PACAP levels exhibited an incremental trend after HA injection. These findings confirmed the crucial role of PACAP deficiency in the development of primary knee OA.


In order to confirm the pathogen of a case suspected toxoplasmosis in piglet from a pig farm in Jiangsu province,a Toxoplasma gondii was isolated by inoculation in mice and identified by specific PCR.The results showed that Toxoplasma false cysts were visible in lymph nodes and lungs;T.gondii was found out in 3rd passage of mouse ascites,and reisolated T.gondii was confirmed by PCR.The results indicated that the T.gondii was isolated and identified which was disgnated YZ strain.


Social and cultural thought as they emerged at the turn of the nineteenth century commonly declared time to be a function of structure, continuity and eternity, not least with a view to postulate an ontological stability and regularity of social life. Even if the inclusion of time and social temporalities has subsequently been demanded by theories of action, the multiple social notions of time and their practical articulations have been subordinated to the discursive organization of a hegemonic universal world time. Here, three different, yet connected, narratives which order time will be considered and, in opposition to assumptions that there exists homogeneous and linear world-time, it will be argued that only the critical interrogation of the construction of a universal course of time allows for a further opening towards the particularities of situated social and cultural worlds and their multifarious times and histories.


Summary

Avena fatua (wild oat) populations with resistance (R) to one or more herbicides have been described in numerous cropping systems worldwide. We previously reported that the R3 and R4 wild oat populations from Montana, USA, were resistant to four herbicides representing three different modes of action: tralkoxydim [acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase] inhibitor), imazamethabenz and flucarbazone [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors] and difenzoquat (growth inhibitor). We now quantify resistance levels of these populations to triallate [very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis inhibitor], pinoxaden (ACCase inhibitor) and paraquat (photosystem I inhibitor). Glasshouse dose–response experiments showed that, compared with the means of two susceptible (S) populations, the R3 and R4 populations were 17.5- and 18.1-fold more resistant to triallate, 3.6- and 3.7-fold more resistant to pinoxaden, respectively, and 3.2-fold (R3) more resistant to paraquat. Pre-treatment of R plants with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion partially reversed the resistance phenotype for flucarbazone (both populations), imazamethabenz (R4), difenzoquat (R4) and pinoxaden (R3), but not for tralkoxydim, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl or triallate. Target site point mutations known to confer resistance to ALS or ACCase inhibitors were not detected via DNA sequencing and allele-specific PCR assays in R plants, suggesting the involvement of non-target site resistance mechanism(s) for these herbicides. Together, our results complete the initial characterisation of wild oat populations that are resistant to seven (R3) or six (R4) herbicides from five or four mode of action families respectively.


The hilly area of far western development region is the most remote area of Nepal. This is the region of less health facility. The aim of the study was to find out psychiatric morbidity of patients attending free check up clinic of far western development region Nepal. A prospective cross-sectional study comprised of all consecutive patients attending free check up psychiatric clinic of far western development region Nepal. All the patients attending the free clinics for four days were taken as case. The study was performed in the month of June, 2013. Demographic data and disease profile of 287 patients attending the clinic were analyzed. The ratios and proportions were used for statistical analysis. Most of Patients attended of far western development region free mental health clinic were farmer of age group 20-29 years. The commonest incidence of psychiatric illness was depressive disorder and (tension/migraine) headache.


We describe how the Euclidean algorithm can be interpreted as a method to solve Pad e approximation problems in a table with singular blocks and minimal partial realization problems of linear system theory. Its recursive structure also relates it to continued fraction expansions of formal series and generalizations of three term recurrence relations of formal (block) orthogonal polynomials. Hence, it can also be considered as a fast Gram-Schmidt procedure for orthogonalization with respect to an indeenite Gram matrix with Hankel structure and a fast Hankel factorizer in triangular factors. Finally, the link with the Lanczos algorithm for nonsymmetric matrices is made. AMS subject classiications. 65F10 41A21 65F25 13F07 93B20 1. Abstraction of the Euclidean algorithm. The Euclidean algorithm is described in the Elements of Euclid, book 7, theorems 1 and 2. The Elements date back to ca 300 BC, but traces of the Euclidean algorithm can be found in the work of other Greek mathematicians 5, p.6] and some even go back to the Babylonian period 1, p.27]. It is certainly one of the oldest nontrivial algorithms and it is still used in many modern applications. The description of the algorithm lies in the proof of the two theorems mentioned before. They deal with, what we now call the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two positive integers. The second theorem considers the case of relative prime numbers with greatest common divisor equal to 1. This is treated separately because, according to the Greek, 1 is not considered as a number. The proof of these theorems has a geometrical avor. Suppose we have two bars, call them L ?1 and L 0 and let the length of L ?1 be at least equal to the length of L 0. The problem is to nd a bar of common \unit" length. That is a bar of maximal length such that the length of L ?1 and L 0 is an integer multiple of the length of the unit bar. The problem was solved as follows: Place L 0 along L ?1 and cut from L ?1 a piece exactly as long as L 0. Call L 1 the remaining part of L ?1. Then we repeat this procedure, placing L 0 along L 1 and cutting oo until L 0 is longer than what remains of L ?1. Let us call this remainder L k (it is obtained in k steps). Then …


Filling at least 10,000 cartons an hour, the third generation combibloc system from PKL Verpackungssysteme of Germany is said to be the fastest aseptic filler in operation. Rebecca Wright went to see it in action.


The invention relates to a leflunomide tablet preparation and a preparation method thereof. The solid dispersion method is adopted for improving the dissolution rate of a drug, thereby improving the bioavailability of the drug. The in vitro dissolution experiment shows that the dissolution rate of leflunomide tablets prepared by the method can be more than 90% at 45min under the condition of taking water as a dissolution medium.


In 40 years of XIX century the core of Armenian catholicons from territory of Ottoman Empire was rescheduled to Azerbaijan region. In this article in appropriate of historical source by evidenced detail analyzing such problem as converting Armenian catholicons in protection of Azerbaijan rulers in the grand Wakf properties, increases of this properties and transform them in property of Etchmiadzin due by Azerbaijan Turks properties. The main propitious ness of Erivan khan was used Armenian catholicons. It is confirming by various evidence, and also synchronies by Armenian source. In this article there are detailed working out edicts by Erivan Huseynali khan from 1760 year (consist of 14 paragraph) where legalized the rights on Wakf properties of Etchmiadzin, liberty of these possessions from taxation and their inviolability. Using by Muslim graces Armenian religion activities in all sorts of opportunities oppressed Turks population, as the matter of fact Etchmiadzin catholicons didn't permit to build the dwellings and to create industry to Azerbaijanis peasants on distance far from monastery territories.


Until recently, Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) were the main technology for the implementation of traditional data-intensive storage and retrieval applications. Over time, these systems have become very efficient, except in the case of storing complex data structures that contain many relationships and properties as they require multiple joins of large tables, which significantly reduce their performance. In such cases, where data have a natural representation as a graph (big data, semantic web, social and computer networks, geographical applications), Graph Database Management Systems (GDBMS) are an efficient solution providing better performance and scalability compared to RDBMS. A very common function of GIS applications is to calculate the shortest path on graph datasets that represent transportation networks. The objective of this work is the comparative evaluation of MySQL and Neo4j in shortest path computation over the same graph dataset representing pedestrian routes of the historic center of Thessaloniki city.


Summary Breeding for improved productivity has been tremendously successful in the last half-century, but needs to be even more efficient in the future. Hope based on contributions from molecular biology for improved yield potential seems to depend upon an improved knowledge of yield physiology. This knowledge may assist breeding either directly, recommending selection criteria, or indirectly identifying simpler traits that could be reliably mapped and selected for through marker-assisted selection. Physiological traits associated with improved performance under water-limited conditions, include phenology (that allows the crop to escape stresses) and those associated with improved water use, water use efficiency and partitioning. Undoubtedly, earliness has been the predominant trait improved for under Mediterranean conditions, and may not be a prospective trait for future breeding. Different traits that may confer the ability to the crop for capturing more water, such as deeper root systems or osmotic adjustment, may be unworkable in terms of their direct use in selection and surrogates would be needed. For instance, canopy temperature depression and discrimination against 13 C may be used to assess improved ability to capture water (in these cases yield is positively related to discrimination against 13 C in grains). Early vigour, which allows faster ground coverage, also increases the amount of water actually transpired by the canopy by reducing direct evaporation and presents substantial intraspecific variation, and selection for this trait may be successfully carried out either directly or through the use of vegetation indexes. Improved water use efficiency based on transpiration efficiency is largely restricted to conditions where additional water is not available. A constitutively low stomatal conductance or a high stomatal sensitivity may optimise the transpiration efficiency. In this context, discrimination against 13 C is also a simple and reliable measure of water use efficiency, and in cases in which no major differences in capturing water is possible discrimination against 13 C correlates negatively with yield. Substantial further improvements in partitioning may be limited in most cereals.


ABSTRACT Aim: We have investigated the enhanced antitumor activity by oral leucovorin (LV) when added to S-1, and found optimized treatment schedule of S-1 plus LV (SL), 1 week (w) on and 1w off, as a platform regimen. In this treatment schedule, SL showed promising efficacy in previous phase II trials of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and the safety of SL and SL plus oxaliplatin (SOL) compared with S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) as a reference standard treatment in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods: Patients who were previously untreated with chemotherapy for AGC were randomized equally to receive SL (S-1; 40-60 mg bid and oral LV; 25 mg bid for 1w, q2w), SOL (SL plus oxaliplatin; 85 mg/m2 on day 1, q2w), or SP (S-1; 40-60 mg bid for 3w and cisplatin; 60 mg/m2 on day 8, q5w). The primary endpoint was response rate (RR) by the independent review committee. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. Clinical trial registration: JapicCTI-111635. Results: From Oct 2011 to Dec 2012, 145 patients were randomized, and 142 were included in the efficacy analysis (SL/SOL/SP, 47/47/48). The confirmed RR (%) of SL/SOL/SP was 43 (95% Cl: 28-58)/ 66 (51-79)/ 46 (31-61) (SL vs. SP, p = 0.837; and SOL vs. SP, p = 0.063). DCR (%) was 74/100/83 (SL vs. SP, p = 0.324; and SOL vs. SP, p = 0.0057). Median PFS was 4.2/8.3/5.6 months (SL vs. SP, HR = 1.08, p = 0.764; and SOL vs. SP, HR= 0.60, p = 0.054). Median OS was 15.4/21.6/12.6 months (SL vs. SP, HR = 0.83, p = 0.443; and SOL vs. SP, HR = 0.51, p = 0.011) after median follow-up of 18.8 months. Incidences (%) of grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia 6/26/35, anemia 8/15/24, lymphopenia 2/6/10, leucopenia 4/6/12, anorexia 13/28/20, diarrhea 4/17/0, stomatitis 4/13/0. Updated OS data 18 months after enrollment of the last patient will be presented at this meeting. Conclusions: In this randomized phase II study, SL showed a similar RR to SP, and SOL demonstrated promising efficacies with tolerable toxicities, suggesting the superiority to SP. A phase III trial of SOL versus SP is warranted. Disclosure: K. Yamaguchi: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity:Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Bristol Myers Squibb; S. Hironaka: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity:Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha; N. Sugimoto: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha; T. Moriwaki: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity:Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; Y. Komatsu: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; T. Nishina: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; A. Tsuji: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; T.E. Nakajima: I have an advisory relationship and research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb;M. Gotoh: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Bristol Myers Squibb I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD; N. Machida: I have research funding and honoraria to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD; N. Fuse: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD; T. Esaki: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; Y. Emi: I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; Y. Takinishi: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; S. Matsumoto: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; N. Boku: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha; H. Baba: I have research funding to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb I have honoraria to disclose. Name of entity: Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb; I. Hyodo: I have an advisory relationship to disclose. Name of entity:Yakult Honsha I have research funding and honoraria to disclose. Name of entity:Tahio Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Yakult Honsha, Bristol Myers Squibb.


A.A Novalov Institute of Physics,Gergian Academy of Sci., 6 Tamarashvili, 380077 Tbilisi,Georgia, Abstract Exper imental data, obtained on the Tskhra-Tskaro installation in 1975-1977, 1987 and 1991 are analyzed in the work. The results of the analysis indicate the fact of the generation of par ticles creating electron-nuclear cascades with anomalously large length of absorption L in the iron absorber of the calor imeter. The cross-section of the generation of unstable par ticles responsible for such behavior of cascades is measured. The obtained magnitude of path on the hadron interaction λ=(420±50) g/cm cor responding to the generation cross-section σ=(240±40)mb. The compar ison with the magnitude of similar cross-section , obtained on lead is made.


This paper describes a major safety demonstration project completed by the city of Scottsdale, Arizona. The purpose of this demonstration project was to determine if photo enforcement could be used to address excessive speeding and reduce the number of collisions along a section of fully access controlled urban freeway which carries between 125,000 to 150,000 vehicles per day. Included in the demonstration project was a comprehensive analysis of vehicle speeds along the freeway section prior to, during and after the implementation of the demonstration project. Data from other freeway segments within the region were collected for comparative analysis. A comprehensive analysis of accident rates and types along the freeway prior to and during the implementation of the demonstration program was prepared. Evaluations of the automated enforcement equipment were performed to determine any specific impact on overall operations and safety along the demonstration study segment. The system deployment effectiveness was evaluated with regard to public perceptions and potential countermeasures by drivers and private entrepreneurs. A summary of the financial impacts of the demonstration program was provided that included public awareness program costs, operating costs incurred including Court, Prosecutor, Police departments, as well as benefits associated with reduced speeds and frequency/severity of crashes. A report on state and local public acceptance of freeway photo enforcement was also included in the evaluation. As a result of the success of the demonstration program, the State of Arizona requested and the City agreed to continue the program through June 30, 2007, while the state Department of Public Safety developed its own freeway photo enforcement program.


Property Location Located in Newton (Orchard Road), Oakwood Studios Singapore is minutes from Far East Plaza and Lucky Plaza. This aparthotel is close to National Orchid Garden and


Effective scheduling of hybrid system in industry has a high economic return. However, a hybrid system contains continuous dynamics and discrete dynamics so that the modeling and scheduling of hybrid system become more and more complex and difficult. This paper presented a new approach integrating decomposition of timed hybrid Petri net (THPN) and multi-core cluster to scheduled hybrid system. Firstly, a decomposition method for THPN which is used to model hybrid system is proposed. A timed hybrid Petri net is decomposed to several subnets and each subnet is a T-net, in which any place has no more than one input or one output transition. Secondly, each subnet of THPN is mapped to a processor of multi-core cluster and scheduling model of master-slave is used to realize parallel scheduling of hybrid system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by experiment results. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


Abstract : This installation environmental assessment (IEA) is designed to assemble, in one document, data pertinent to Edgewood Arsenal's impact on the environment. This IEA is a source document for use in conjunction with environmental impact statements and environmental assessments prepared on projects performed at Edgewood Arsenal. The information was collated from existing data only; no attempt to acquire new data has been made. This report deals with the entirety of Gunpowder Neck and associated island and peninsulas comprising the Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground.


Abstract Nonlinear functional partial differential equations with initial conditions are considered on the cone. The weak convergence of a sequence of successive approximations is proved. The proof is given by the duality principle.


Detail view of the main temple wall facing north showing bas-relief of chariot and hieroglyphics as seen from "point N" (see map, pl. 42 bis).


Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative statin therapy on the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE) during follow-up after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods The data on 3 893 patients undergoing PCI(3 361 receiving preoperative statin therapy and 532 receiving no statin) between June 2003 and September 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical features and demographic data were compared between the two groups.The independent risk factors for MACCE after pretreatment with statin were analyzed by multivariate COX regression.Results As compared with non-statin group, preoperative statin therapy did not lower the mortality and the overall MACCE during follow-up(1.7% vs.1.3% and 12.9% vs.8.9%, P 0.05).After adjustment of age and sex, the hazard ratio for mortality was 1.168(95% CI 0.33 ~ 4.136, P = 0.810).Conclusions Preoperative statin therapy does not lower the risks of mortality and the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events during follow-up after PCI.The independent prognostic parameters for the mortality are age, LVEF less than 50%, triple-vessel disease, female and blood Cr levels.


We provide new evidence that the distance of a firm's earnings to its record earnings affects investors' trading behavior around earnings announcements. Our results show that firms whose earnings are relatively close to (far from) their record earnings experience higher (lower) returns. In particular, the shorter (longer) distance of a firm's positive (negative) earnings to its record earnings leads to higher (lower) post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD), suggesting that investors underreact to earnings news when firms' earnings are extremely close to (far from) their record earnings. On the other hand, analysts are more likely to exploit these underreaction patterns by increasing their earnings forecasts and upgrading their recommendations with the nearness to record earnings. Overall, we find that a firm's record earnings play an important role as an anchor when market participants evaluate the firm's earnings news. JEL classification: G12, G14


Empirical measures of the quality of health care continue to be developed by employers, insurers, and government purchasers of health care seeking to make cost-effective decisions.' The accuracy of these decisions and whether they enhance or limit excellence will ultimately depend on the validity of the objective measures of quality. The word validity cannot be overemphasized because one of the great threats to excellence in medicine today is the potential use and misuse of measures of quality that are not valid. One of the most important implications of this meeting will be to establish the need for young physicians, especially students and residents in training, to learn more about the methods presently being used to measure quality, critically evaluate their strengths and weakness, and become actively engaged in developing better, more valid instruments to measure the quality of health care. With a few exceptions,2 throughout much of this century the quality of health care was not measured empirically. Quality was established in the context of individual doctor-patient relationships, from which the reputations of physicians and institutions were inferred. Reputation alone was the hallmark of quality. But, since the Second World War there has been growth in the use offormal instruments to measure the quality of health care. Recognizing the limitations of measures of structural factors, including licenses, accreditations, and certifications, the focus on measuring quality gradually shifted during the 1960s and 1970s toward the process of care. A set of methods under labels such as practice standards, protocols, benchmarks, rules, algorithms, guidelines, parameters and policies, was developed by expert panels and evaluated as a means to review retrospectively the process of care documented in medical records and to guide medical practice.' But, controversy persisted in the midst of questions about the relationship between these process measures and the desired outcomes of health care.4 Dr. David Eddy in 1982 wrote that "Well-designed [practice] policies can be a tremendous aid to physicians who lack the time or expertise to perform their own analyses of difficult clinical problems. On the other hand, a poorly designed policy can result in mismanagement of hundreds of thousands of patients and in the misallocation of billions of dollars."5 At the same time health service researchers were documenting unexpected geographic variation in medical care practices and preventable complications. As costs were scrutinized, employers, insurers and government purchasers of health care began to search for measures of quality that might help explain differences


ABSTRACT This paper reviews the development during the past two years of self-mixing chemical dispersants to minimize damage from oil spills. Some history regarding the acceptance (or lack thereof)...


In our study we investigated the role of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and clinicohistological parameters in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen during the early (2.5 years) vs. late (2.5-5 years) follow-up. The negative status of both ER and PR and tumors equal to or bigger than 2 cm defined the phenotypes and consequently the groups of patients with the worst clinical course of the disease: ER-negative PR-negative, ER-negative pT2 and PR-negative pT2. These high-risk subgroups were related to early follow-up indicating de novo resistance. It is relevant to point out that examined predictive indicators did not show significant importance in the late follow-up study.


Periodic pattern mining is an emerging technique for knowledge discovery. Most previous approaches have aimed to find only those patterns that exhibit full (or perfect) periodic behavior in databases. Consequently, the existing approaches miss interesting patterns that exhibit partial periodic behavior in a database. With this motivation, this paper proposes a novel model for finding partial periodic patterns that may exist in temporal databases. An efficient pattern-growth algorithm, called Partial Periodic Pattern-growth (3P-growth), is also presented, which can effectively find all desired patterns within a database. Substantial experiments on both real-world and synthetic databases showed that our algorithm is not only efficient in terms of memory and runtime, but is also highly scalable. Finally, the effectiveness of our patterns is demonstrated using two case studies. In the first case study, our model was employed to identify the highly polluted areas in Japan. In the second case study, our model was employed to identify the road segments on which people regularly face traffic congestion.


We already know Temperature that was made from Self-heating phenomenon effects on memory"s important functions (reading, writing, detection, etc...). Through simulations, we could identify that the temperature was changed by Insulator and Pillar size in MTJ. therefore we could found what insulator and size of pillar occurs lowest temperature.


his disappointment with present-day Oxford by studying the literary past all night and sleeping all day. He also actively chose separation from its homoerotic community by becoming a Roman Catholic. Murray concludes that Johnson's Oxford poetry captures a deeply felt desire for religion, even at the cost of showing "the extent to which religious and moral orthodoxies are themselves unnatural" (120). Like Johnson and other religiously-inclined Decadents, Machen accepted mysticism and the irrational as essential antidotes to the pervasive materialism of modern life. Conservative anti-modernists shared with their fellow Decadents a proclivity for elaborate aestheticized descriptions, creating what Murray calls "linguistic landscapes" (142). Unlike many Irish and Welsh writers, Machen eschewed nationalism and the pseudoscientific racializing of the Celtic revival. He also was never part of the London Decadent circle, but Murray considers him a key figure because of his effort to forge a language that could embody the inexpressible and irrational. He calls Machen's The Hill of Dreams (1907) "the greatest work of prose Decadence in English," high praise from an author who fearlessly labels many of the works he discusses as derivative, affected, or mediocre (142). Murray describes the novel as a key example of the Decadent effort "to uncover the ineffable world that lay beyond the veil of our phenomenal world" (143). Machen's main character, "a deranged, degenerate and decadent writer," turns language—that is, description—into experience, bringing the reader close to human perceptions of landscape, rather than to the landscape itself (142). Murray concludes that Machen set himself an impossible task, for as soon as he described the indescribable, it lost its mystery and power. Murray closes with a brief suggestion: Decadent writers understood that whatever value they gave a particular place—whether it was cosmopolitan Paris, corrupt Naples, lost Oxford, or an imagined Celtic world—each was a literary construction that could only live in the imagination. Murray could have explored more fully why Decadent writers fixated on imagined places rather than the actual landscape. After all, shimmering impressions rather than concrete details can distract, as well as excite, a reader. His readings, nevertheless, are a fine reminder of how rich and varied the imagined landscapes of the Decadents could be. His book is an important intervention in the lively field of fin-de-siècle studies. Martha Vicinus University of Michigan, Ann Arbor


In (1-a), all the elements of the VP (i.e. the verb anaményá 'he hit', the object nyubá 'house' and the oblique PP dí mwáála 'with a rock') form a single phonological phrase. In (1-b), however, the object is focused in-situ and is then followed by a prosodic break. Finally, in (1-c), the verb is focused and both the verb and the object are followed by a prosodic boundary. Similar results were independently observed in another dialect of Chicheŵa (Downing et al. 2005).


1. Speaking and Identity 2. Language Identity and Audibility: A New Theoretical Framing 3. On Leaving Newnham: The End of Arrival 4. Tina and John: The Self as Different 5. Milena: Being Friends with Everyone 6. Nora and Alicia: Speaking with the Foreigners 7. Audibility and Institutional Deafness


Fruit quality of jujube cultivated in Shanxi and Xinjiang was compared.The results showed Hupingzao,Junzao and Jinchang 1 were suitable for Xinjiang,while Lizao was better in Taiyuan Shanxi and Muzao in native home Linxian,Shanxi.


Summary Objective: The main purpose of this study was to analyse the indicators of the professional Competency of University physical Trainer students, and to explore the importance of these professional indicators. By referring to the two international physical fitness education institutions and literature reviews, three important perspectives of professional Competences are: Professional knowledge, Professional skills, Professional attitude, Furthermore, the result of this research was concluded after three integration of opinions. Method : Delphi technique was used to integrate the opinions of fifty-two experts and scholars, and the research results were obtained after three integrations. Among the 52 indicators at the three levels. Result: experts agree that professional attitude is the most important. followed by professional skills, and then professional knowledge. the professional attitude level, "maintaining a positive and enthusiastic professional attitude" was the most important indicator. In the professional skills level, it was noted that "physical fitness training cycle plan design ability", "physical fitness action correction ability", "emergency intervention" Ability to adapt" and "ability to use and demonstrate sports equipment" are the most important indicators. In terms of professional knowledge, "customer sports curriculum design" is the most important. Conclusion: this research can provide references for the university in future development of physical trainer's training program and establish regulations; fitness club hiring process; self-growth in the industry; future researches and studies.


The present invention provides a synthetic preparation method for cyanoethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. The method comprises: alkalization of hydroxyethyl cellulose, comprising weighing a quantity of hydroxyethyl cellulose, adding a mixture of isopropanol and ethanol, then adding sodium hydroxide solutions of different concentrations, and stirring the mixture; cyanoethylation of the hydroxyethyl cellulose, comprising subjecting the mixture to suction filtration and squeezing to crush and disperse the mixture into small particulate matter, adding a mixture of acrylonitrile and dichloromethane, and slowly adding the wet material; stirring the solution, then raising the temperature in stages for reaction, and terminating the reaction with a corresponding amount of acetic acid after the completion of etherification; precipitating the obtained mixture, and washing the mixture with ethanol or deionized water and drying the mixture; and measuring the molar substitution of cyanoethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. The cyanoethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose prepared by the present invention has a desirable toughness, an increased cyanoethyl content, an increased tensile strength, a reduced elongation at break rate, enhanced rigidity, and a high dielectric constant.


In Western scholarly studies on H adīth material as well as in attempts to reconstruct a historical biography of Muh ammad, the work of Sir William Muir in the middle of the nineteenth century is often over-looked. Not only did he produce one of the first biographies of Muh ammad in the English language based on primary sources, he also formulated a thorough critique of the Hadīth and a methodology with which to sift what he considered historically accurate traditions from spurious ones. Subsequent scholars tended to reach very similar conclusions in their evaluation of the authenticity of the historical accounts contained within this body of traditions that formed the basis of not only the Muslim perception of their Prophet, but the foundation of the early development of Islam and the Muslim legal system as well.


We study the spin susceptibility of the orbital-singlet pairings, including the spin-triplet/orbital-singlet/s-wave E$_g$ representation proposed by Ref. [H. G. Suh et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 032023 (2020)], for a three-orbital model of superconducting Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ in three dimensions. For pseudospin-singlet states represented in the band basis, the spin susceptibility decreases when reducing the temperature, irrespective of the direction of applied magnetic fields, even if they are spin-triplet/orbital-singlet pairings in the spin-orbital space. On the other hand, the spin susceptibility for spin-singlet/orbital-singlet pairings in the spin-orbital space does not change with the decrease of the temperature when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the d-vector of the pseudospin-triplet pairing in the band basis. We can determine the symmetry of the pseudospin structure of the Cooper pair by the temperature dependence of the spin susceptibility measured by NMR experiments. Our obtained results serve as a guide to determine the pairing symmetry of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$.


Many wetlands are polluted with both nutrients and toxic metals and vegetated largely by clonal plants. We hypothesized that eutrophication and clonal integration can increase phytoremediation of toxic metal pollution by increasing plant growth, even under the stress imposed by toxicity.

 To test this hypothesis, single ramets of the common, widespread, floating, stoloniferous plant Pistia stratiotes L., were grown for 42 days at two levels of nutrient availability with and without 0.6 mg L−1 cadmium. Ramets were either severed from their vegetative offspring to prevent clonal integration or left connected, and severed offspring were either removed to eliminate intraclonal competition or left in place.

 Plants subjected to cadmium addition accumulated almost twice as much dry mass if given the higher nutrient level, due mainly to a doubling of the number of clonal offspring. Severance had little effect on the final mass of the parent plus offspring ramets. Removing offspring following severance had no effect on the final mass of the parental ramet in the presence of added cadmium, but it did increase the final mass of the parent in the absence of cadmium. These results support the hypothesis that eutrophication can increase remediation of toxic metal pollution by aquatic macrophytes but provided no evidence that clonal integration can affect remediation. Species such as P. stratiotes may help remediate co-pollution of wetlands with toxic metals and nutrients, and fragmentation of clones may not affect their remediation capacity.


This study proposes global and non-location low-rank factorization and sparse factorization based on iteratively boost (GNS-ITboost) scheme from the perspective of the iteration method to improve Hyperspectral image (HSI) denoising results. First, this study establishes a novel iterative boost method by jointing global low-rank factorization, non-location low-rank factorization and sparse factorization to HSI denoising. Second, we propose the non-convex method, weight schatten p-norm method to more effectively approximate the rank function to obtain better non-location low-rank factorization. Third, this study provides a new noise estimation method by prior knowledge to accelerate obtaining a better denoising effect. Finally, proximal alternating minimization and weight sparse ideas are used to obtain the solution of denoising optimization problems. Furmore, evaluation results indicate that the proposed method can outperform the state-of-the-art methods in terms of FastHyDe, GLF, LRMR, SNLRSF, SSTV.


Transportation is one of the dominant applications where abundant fossil fuel usage can be experienced across the world. To save the earth from carbon emission and depletion of conventional energy ...


Variable cambering (VC) is a well proven method to help provide beneficial aerodynamics in terms of drag reduction for a wide range of the flight envelope. In combination with application of laminar flow (NLF) up to the shock VC can be even used to decrease skin friction drag. Because of the ability of VC to serve as a baseline technology providing benefits to other drag reduction technologies it is of growing interest for commercial applications again. While VC in general is fairly documented in literature its application to airfoils with shock locations at the adaptive surface providing extended laminar flow up to that point is not. This work focuses on the aerodynamic effects of flap hinge line movement with spoiler tracking at transonic speeds. The work was done within the LuFoV-1 project LDAinOp (Low Drag Aircraft in Operation). In addition to a reference configuration 8 different hinge line positions are discussed. It will be shown that, when applying VC in order to move the shock to its desired location, the hinge line position significantly affects the shock because of curvature effects at the wing/spoiler junction. Furthermore it will be shown that, if the shock is located directly at the junction at design conditions, it is even possible to reduce the wave drag by both upward and downward flap deflection. This shows the importance of taking the hinge line position into account when designing adaptive wing configurations which are utilizing movable devices as VC surfaces.


Although institutional biases and boundaries tend to be well en trenched in social science, at times the various subdisciplines exchange assumptions, models, and particular ly research methods. It is useful to examine traditional problems and questions in novel ways to gain in sight from a new perspective, though it often appears that the primary mo tivation for considering new methods is frustration with the existing ones. One example of a cross-discipline transfer is the emerging use of econametric methods, popular in econom ics and political science, to analyze educational data (Anderson, 1978; Shapiro, 1982; Walberg, Haertel, Pascarella, Junker, & Boulanger, 1981; Walberg, Pascarella, Haertel, Junker, & Boulanger, 1982).


Multimedia Cryptography is a complex process of hiding textual information into a multimedia file or it can be vice versa as well. A non-multimedia file can also accommodate a multimedia file given that its size or the pixel count is more than that of the container file. Cryptography is an essential part of data security services and data preserving and copyrighting preservence. Cryptography can also be termed as steganography, watermarking and etc.


In conjunction with hosting field trips for the Association of American State Geologists 2016 annual meeting in Girdwood, Alaska, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) staff collected rock samples and obtained geochemical analysis from several readily accessible, but relatively unstudied outcrops. Samples were collected from Turnagain Arm (mile 104 Seward Highway), Whittier, Crow Pass, and Panorama Mountain (roughly mile 217 Parks Highway). Mineralized samples from veins and veinlets in granitic rocks from the Crow Pass and Whittier sites contain anomalous levels of gold ranging from 0.129 to 0.650 parts per million (ppm). Although none of the samples are from areas open to mineral entry, geochemical analyses of rocks from these localities may support interpretation of regional mineral-distribution trends. The analytical data tables associated with this report are available in digital format as comma-separated value (CSV) files. Additional details about the organization of information are noted in the accompanying metadata file. All files can be downloaded from the DGGS website (http://doi.org/10.14509/29725).


Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) occurs in about 30% patients of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and these patients have high risk to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, the etiology of the NASH development in NAFLD patients has not been clearly elucidated. In the NAFLD mice induced by high‐fat diet, we identified that leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) was down‐regulated in the livers accompanied with inflammation. Moreover, the treatment of palmitic acid (PA), a fatty acid that induces inflammation, led to down‐regulation of LRRK2 in HepG2 cells. The in vivo and in vitro data suggested the down‐regulation of LRRK2 may be correlated to liver inflammation. In addition, in PA‐treated HepG2 cells, the overexpression of LRRK2 significantly decreased the intracellular level of non‐esterified fatty acids as a result of the up‐regulation of CPT1a, which acts as the rate limiting step of beta‐oxidation. Accumulated studies have demonstrated the increase of CPT1a can enhance the beta‐oxidation to inhibit the PA‐induced inflammation. Interestingly, the overexpression of LRRK2 suppressed the NF‐kB‐mediated pro‐inflammatory pathway and inhibited the secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNFa induced by PA treatments. Therefore, our results suggested the anti‐inflammatory effect of LRRK2 may also work through the promotion of beta‐oxidation in the liver. In this study, we firstly observed that LRRK2 was down‐regulated in the livers of NAFLD mice. Furthermore, the overexpression of LRRK2 enhanced the beta‐oxidation and inhibited the inflammation in HepG2 cells. Conversely, the decrease of LRRK2 resulted in the inflammation by suppressing beta‐oxidation in the livers. Therefore, LRRK2 may be a therapy target to improve NAFLD in human.


Through analysis and comparison the characteristic of various mainstream network authentication mode and the status and demands of dormitory network security in campus,with examples illustrating that it can solve the security problems of the management of Dormitory Network in campus very well with the rational selection of right authentication mode.


Open heart surgery, therefore, is not simple. Many lesions of the heart require special techniques and individual bypass arrangements. The challenge of the future lies in the development and perfection of the safest methods of utilizing this "many-splendour'd thing." Our present techniques which are subject to slow but continuous change are shown in the accompanying table. The basic techniques now employed in three such common and different operations as ventricular septal defect, acquired (calcific) aortic stenosis, and major mitral stenosis, are appended in outline form. The new principle of correction of aortic [see figures 9A, 9B, 9C, 11A and 11B in source pdf] insufficiency by removal of the non-coronary cusp or by leaflet suture is accomplished with a bypass technique similar to that used for aortic stenosis.


This article presents some approaches, proposals or positions which allow us having an  understanding and a better clear idea about the concept of Hypertext, which fluctuates among information technology, communication, education and literature. It also clarifies what is and what is not a Hypertext in literature, and let us to conclude that this concept is not only referred to a writing process, but also understood as a reading and interpretation.


A measurement of the natural linewidth of the $401\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$ $4{f}^{12}6{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{3}\mathrm{H}_{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4{f}^{12}(^{3}\mathrm{H}_{6})6s6p(^{1}\mathrm{P}_{1}^{o})$ $(6,1)_{7}{}^{o}$ transition in $\mathrm{Er}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}I$ is presented. Using laser-induced fluorescence in an atomic beam, a linewidth of $(35.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$ is observed, a value that differs significantly from the literature value of $28\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$. This measurement provides an accurate determination of an essential laser cooling parameter that plays a central role in the development of laser cooling applications using Er atoms.


This chapter confronts the problems of the terminology of "figurine" and that of "yong," the ancient Chinese word always used to translate "figurine." Yong does not imply miniature size necessarily and is defined by funerary functions. The issues are exemplified through discussion of the sculptural projects of the First Emperor, including his larger-than-life golden statues in bronze and the famous terracotta army and other sculptures of his mausoleum, including scaled miniatures. The chapter simultaneously confronts the issue of the figurine in the specific context of the third century BCE and explores the problems in using this European concept for the study of non-European art.


Traveling demands' forecast acts as a scientifical guide in tourism planning and management.The article,based on linear regression equation with one unknown quantity model in trend extrapolation model and gravity model in structural model,forecasts tourism capacity in Erdos XiangSha Bay entertainmenting tourism area,then anal sizes and compares the two predicted results.The conclusion of this passage is that the tourism market of tourism area has great potentialities to develop itself,and will get good prospects.At last,offer a proposal on the development of entertainmenting tourism area in XiangSha Bay according to the forecasting results.


AA 78-year-old female arrives in the OR from the ED. The surgeon schedules surgical exploration for a suspected bowel obstruction. During physical assessment, the patient is alert and oriented but appears pale and weak. Her vital signs are stable, a nasogastric tube and an indwelling urinary drainage catheter are in place, and I.V. lactated Ringer's solution is infusing at a rate of 100 mL per hour via a peripheral short catheter. The preoperative antibiotic, vancomycin, is infusing as prescribed. The patient's husband and daughter are at the bedside. According to the medical record, the patient's diagnosis is end-stage colon cancer. She's decided to discontinue chemotherapy and radiation therapy and her healthcare providers (HCPs) have given her approximately 4 to 6 months to live. A do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order is in the medical record, and it's brought to the attention of the anesthesia provider and surgeon. Is the DNR order valid during the surgical procedure? (See DNR: A historical perspective and Ethical terms.)


The use of direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) baseband modulation in a mobile communication system have proved to bring many advantages. In this paper a study of the DS-SS modulation and its performances in a multipath fading channel is presented, considering different parameters for the system and communication channel. A RAKE receiver is implemented to achieve diversity over the different path arrived at the receiver. The numerical results were obtained using Matlab simulations. The results of the simulations indicate the utility of reconfigurable hardware implementation for the receiver, the diverse functioning conditions imposing diverse configurations.


Objective Retrospectively analized the effects after the internal iliac artery embolization or the selective uterine arteries embolization therapy of 16 cases with postpartum hemorrhage and combined with DIC who hospitalized in maternal and child care service centre of Baoji city from January 2011 to December 2012.Methods Retrospectively analized the effects after the internal iliac artery embolization or the selective uterine arteries embolization therapy of 16 cases with postpartum hemorrhage and combined with DIC who hospitalized in maternal and child care service centre of Baoji city from January 2011 to December2012.Results 15 cases of bleeding in patients immediately after embolization(15/16,93.8%),one case two hours after embolization bleeding again,after the success of the second line of embolization bleeding(1/16,6.2%),total hemostatic effect of 100%.Conclusions Interventional treatment stops bleeding quickly in intractable postpartum hemorrhage,has lasting curative effect,and retains people's reproductive function.The method is superior to surgical treatment in the postpartum hemorrhage when conservative treatment is ineffective.


This paper addresses the serious and pervasive problem of the mis-identification of English Language Learners (ELLs) as Learning Disabled (LD). Recent increases in immigration make this problem all the more urgent. The paper outlines problems with current methods of differentiating between learning disabilities and language acquisition processes. These problems come in part from apparent similarities between learning struggles and language struggles and in part from insufficient or biased methods of identifying learning disabilities in ELLs. Misunderstanding, bias, and poor structuring and implementation affect both assessment-based evaluations and the Response to Intervention evaluation process. The paper goes on to suggest more effective methods that include consideration of the home and learning environments in addition to evaluation of the individual learner.


We report a hardware optimization for frequency and phase recovery algorithms based on Mth-order power schemes, evaluating the accuracy of the reported architecture with an 8-bit DSP in real-time for a 1.25 and 2.5 Gb/s DQPSK signal.


There are many techniques to decrease radar cross section. One of those techniques, which is very useful and
well-known, is using radar absorbing materials that minimizes the reflection coefficient. The most used radar
absorbing materials are broad-band, multilayered and passive absorbing materials. Genetic algorithm is a
widely used and effective global optimization method. It makes computations not with parameters themselves but
with the codes of those parameters to solve optimization problems. It is based on natural selection, which is one
of sub-stages of evolution. This study designs structures that minimize the reflection coefficient using continuous
parameter genetic algorithm


Historical or social events, experienced by the subjects, go throughdifferent representations, and these are responsible for the formation of individualand collective identities. In this sense, it is possible to affirm that there are multipleand changing social identities, since each subject identifies with its time and spaceand with the set of values and stereotypes of the society in which it is inserted. Thisstudy aims to present the work Cinzas do Norte, by Milton Hatoum, originallypublished in 2005, regarding the concepts of representation and identity, through theanalysis of its protagonists, historically and socially. In this article, we use theconcept of representation, developed by Stuart Hall, and identity, based on studiesby Kathryn Woodward. The analysis of the work, in comparison with the theoreticalconcepts, allows to conclude that: a) elements of the Brazilian cultural identity are


The residual shear strength mobilized between pipelines and supporting soils at low effective normal stresses is needed for designing stable pipelines in offshore environments. A tilt table device is used to study the effect that effective normal stress, type of pipeline coating, composition of soil, stress history, and rate of loading have on the drained residual shear strength mobilized at the interface between a variety of clays and polymeric pipe coatings. The drained residual friction angles for both the interfaces and the clays decrease substantially as the effective normal stress increases. Empirical correlations published for predicting the residual strength of clays cannot be readily extrapolated to the pipeline problem because the correlations do not cover the relatively small effective normal stresses acting on pipelines. Residual shear strengths for the interfaces range from 60 to 90% of the residual shear strength for the clay. The residual shear strength for the interface depends both on the composition of the clay and the type of pipeline coating.


Wood is an important decorative material prized for its unique appearance. It is commonly rendered using artistically authored 2D color and bump textures, which reproduces color patterns on flat surfaces well. But the dramatic anisotropic specular figure caused by wood fibers, common in curly maple and other species, is harder to achieve. While suitable BRDF models exist, the texture parameter maps for these wood BRDFs are difficult to author---good results have been shown with elaborate measurements for small flat samples, but these models are not much used in practice. Furthermore, mapping 2D image textures onto 3D objects leads to distortion and inconsistencies. Procedural volumetric textures solve these geometric problems, but existing methods produce much lower quality than image textures. This paper aims to bring the best of all these techniques together: we present a comprehensive volumetric simulation of wood appearance, including growth rings, color variation, pores, rays, and growth distortions. The fiber directions required for anisotropic specular figure follow naturally from the distortions. Our results rival the quality of textures based on photographs, but with the consistency and convenience of a volumetric model. Our model is modular, with components that are intuitive to control, fast to compute, and require minimal storage.


Multi-class ensemble classification remains a popular focus of investigation within the research community. The popularization of cloud services has sped up their adoption due to the ease of deploying large-scale machine-learning models. It has also drawn the attention of the industrial sector because of its ability to identify common problems in production. However, there are challenges to conform an ensemble classifier, namely a proper selection and effective training of the pool of classifiers, the definition of a proper architecture for multi-class classification, and uncertainty quantification of the ensemble classifier. The robustness and effectiveness of the ensemble classifier lie in the selection of the pool of classifiers, as well as in the learning process. Hence, the selection and the training procedure of the pool of classifiers play a crucial role. An (ensemble) classifier learns to detect the classes that were used during the supervised training. However, when injecting data with unknown conditions, the trained classifier will intend to predict the classes learned during the training. To this end, the uncertainty of the individual and ensemble classifier could be used to assess the learning capability. We present a novel approach for anomaly detection using ensemble classification and evidence theory. A pool selection strategy is presented to build a solid ensemble classifier. We present an architecture for multi-class ensemble classification and an approach to quantify the uncertainty of the base classifiers and the ensemble classifier. We address the problem of detecting unknown conditions (while feeding out-of-distribution data), presenting a novel approach that monitors the uncertainty of the ensemble classifier using evidence theory. Finally, we use the benchmark Tennessee Eastman to perform experiments to test the ensemble classifier's prediction and anomaly detection capabilities.


If there has been one enduring theme in the 21 research meetings of Academy Health and its predecessor organizations, it is the importance of translating new knowledge into practice—the practice of policy makers, of managers, and of the millions of professionals who daily tend to the needs of the sick and the well throughout this country's vast health care system. This translational task is tough and important work. It taxes our imaginations and our stamina. It is in many ways the essence of what we are about.

Today, however, I want to take a very different perspective on the translation challenge. I want to explore the equally important, but perhaps less recognized and discussed challenge of reversing the flow of knowledge, of moving insights from practice—in this case clinical practice—into the language and work of health services research and health policy making. This task is about connecting with and learning from the daily work of health care, or what systems analysts and safety theorists call the "sharp end" of the health care enterprise.

Every year, like thousands of physician colleagues in academic medicine, I spend a month attending on the medical service of a teaching hospital. I become the physician of record for patients who do not have private physicians. I supervise interns and residents who actually provide the great bulk of the care and make most of the decisions, subject to my (hopefully) gentle and diligent review.

Attending is hard work. It adds 5–6 hours a day, six days a week, to the already busy life of—in my case—a health services researcher and academic administrator, a life familiar to many in this audience.

But on balance, I get a great deal more than I give. I have a good excuse for saying no to talks and meetings I don't want to give or attend. I learn a tremendous amount of medicine (some of it, unfortunately, once known and since forgotten). I get to know a group of remarkable young people—students and residents—whose intelligence, earnestness and ethnic and racial diversity are exciting and inspiring. I get to regale them with stories about how much harder it was when I was a resident, in the days when training was really tough (and probably less safe for patients). I earn my stripes with my physician colleagues, who, having seen me wandering the halls with seven or eight young people in white coats and scrubs, are reminded that I am still one of the tribe.

But most of all, these yearly experiences illuminate for me—personally, indelibly—the ways in which our health care system is changing, its problems, and the shape of potential solutions. Frequently, I am astonished, even stunned, by what I observe as a health services researcher plunged into the maelstrom of inpatient care on a busy hospital teaching service. It occurred to me that if this is true for me after decades of attending, then perhaps some of my nonclinical colleagues in the health services research and health policy world may find these experiences informative as well.

Stated in the terminology of our field, my goal is to take advantage of an enduring insight from the theory of continuous quality improvement, an insight that dates back to the seminal early- and mid-20th century work of Shewhart, Deming, Juran, Feigenbaum, and Ishikawa. A profound knowledge of the processes of production in any system is essential to improving it. I would also argue that such an understanding can valuably inform health services research and health policy. Once a year, I immerse myself as a participant observer in the processes of production and care in the system that we call the American teaching hospital. My goal is to share some lessons, large and small, of that experience in the hopes that they may in some way be useful to your work, or at a minimum, entertain you as the 21st Annual Research Meeting draws to a close.

In particular, I would like to share observations relevant to three areas of policy and management: workforce policy, safety, and quality; and cost and value management. Let me start with workforce policy.


Semi organic Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate single crystal with amino acid L-Histidine as a dopant was grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystal was subjected to powder X-ray diffraction analysis and the result confirms its structure and lattice parameters. The optical transparency of grown crystal was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy and the molecular structure was confirmed by FTIR analysis. TGA and DTA studies reveal thermal stability and the mechanical strength of the grown crystal was estimated by Vickers hardness test. The improved SHG efficiency of LHistidine doped Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate crystal could enhance the nonlinearity behavior. The low value of dielectric constant of the grown crystal also proved the enhanced NLO properties. Keywords— Crystal Growth, Dielectric constant, FTIR, KHP, SHG, Thermal studies, UV, XRD.


The latest scientific research accomplished on the fieldwork (activities occurred in the hills area of the North-West region of the country in the last years), emphasized that there are series of vegetal associations, requiring identification and analysis. Among them, we take into account the associations Danthonio alpinae-Stipetum stenophyllae Ghişa, 1941 and Prunetum fruticosae Dziubałtowski 1926, both of them signalized in the South-East of Satu Mare County, in the bounds of Cehăluţ (Tăşnadului Hills). The outcome of the scientific researches illustrates the appearance of series of remarkable floristic elements in their structure. With regard to the origin of the plants, a notable fact is that some of them are of Mediterranean, Ponntic or Balkan origins.


An atomistic model for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the single chain poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), terminally substituted with two pyrene moieties, was developed. MD simulations of the structure and conformational dynamics of pyrene-labeled PAA for a varying dissociation degree (α) of the COOH group revealed that the attachment of pyrene dyes to PAA alters significantly its conformational behavior. At acidic pH (α = 0), the PAA chain collapsed into the random coil conformation, so that the two pyrene moieties formed the stable π-π stacking structure. However, at basic pH (α = 1), the PAA chain was expanded and stretched facing the pyrene dyes apart into aqueous solution.


A method was developed for the nondestructive assay of fluorine in organic materials by fast neutron activation. While not as accurate as some chemical methods available, the technique has the advantage of speed and simplicity. Since the accuracy attainable is highly dependent on the counting rate, best results are obtained with large samples. Re sults with trifluoroacetanilide, p-fluoronitrobenzene, poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), Teflon, polymeric fluorochlorocarbon greases, and p-fluorotoluene are tabulated. (P.C.H.)


Heavy precipitation between September 1996 and February 1997 caused record-breaking spring flooding in north-central and eastern South Dakota. Most of the winter precipitation came during severe snowstorms driven by strong winds that created blizzard conditions over much of the area. The potential for extensive flooding was widely recognized and emergency action plans were put into effect in many communities. A relatively slow warming period during March probably kept the severe flooding from reaching more catastrophic proportions.


Background: The only chance of successfully battling the disease is in detecting it at the earliest possible stage, particularly before the lesion has progressed to the stage of a visible and palpable tumour. Cancer researchers have long sought to develop approaches that would allow for early identication and treatment of lung cancer, reducing mortality. Although histology remains the gold standard, bronchial biopsies cannot be performed on all patients with cancer suspicion. Taking a bronchial biopsy becomes more difcult and requires expertise when the lesions are peripheral and there is a risk of bleeding. Cytologic procedures are less risky, less expensive, and produce faster results. Bronchoscopic cleaning, brushing, and ne needle aspirations not only supplement but are also similar to tissue biopsies in the diagnosis of lung cancer. As a result, the current study was designed to investigate the role of endobronchial ne needle aspiration and the combined yield of endobronchial needle aspiration, bronchial brush, and bronchial wash in bronchogenic cancer. Material and methods: Current study was Hospital based prospective observational study conducted at the Institute of Respiratory Diseases, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan from May 2021 to June 2022. A total 120 cases suspected cases of Bronchogenic carcinoma aged above 18 years were included in the study. Data were analysed in SPSS v- 24 Chi square test was applied to compare the different methodology. Sensitivity, specicity, NPV and PPV was calculated. p value <0.05 was considered statistically signicant. Results: Out of the all 3 modalities EBNA followed by bronchial brush and least by bronchial wash were positive when compare with the biopsy ndings to diagnose the bronchogenic carcinoma and out of all the 3 modalities sensitivity was maximum for combined all 3 followed by EBNA and least for bronchial wash. Conclusion: Our study concluded that highest sensitivity to diagnose bronchogenic carcinoma was found for the all three EBNA, bronchial brush and bronchial wash together followed by the EBNA. It is the least invasive, cost-effective diagnostic technique which provides earlier and accurate diagnosis, thus facilitating the early diagnosis and treatment of a patient. It also has prognostic values