The stability characteristics of a laboratory-scale lean premixed combustor operating on natural gas - hydrogen fuel mixtures have been studied in a variable length combustor facility. The fuel and air were mixed upstream of the choked inlet to the combustor to eliminate equivalence ratio fluctuations and thereby ensure that the dominant instability driving mechanism was flame-vortex interaction. The inlet velocity, inlet temperature, equivalence ratio and percent hydrogen in the fuel were systematically varied, and at each operating condition the combustor pressure fluctuations were measured as a function of the combustor length. The results are presented in the form of two-dimensional stability maps, which are plots of the normalized rms pressure fluctuation versus the equivalence ratio and the combustor length, for a given inlet temperature, inlet velocity, and fuel mixture. In order to understand the effects of operating conditions and fuel composition on the observed stability characteristics, two-dimensional chemiluminescence images of the flame structure were recorded at all operating conditions and for all fuel mixtures under stable conditions. Changes in the stable flame structure, as characterized by the location of the flame's "center of heat release", were found to be consistent with the observed instability characteristics. The location of the flame's "center of heat release" was found to lie along a single path for all operating conditions and fuel mixtures. It was also observed that there were regions of stable and unstable combustion as one moved along this path. Furthermore it was found that flames having the same "center of heat release" location, but different operating conditions and fuel composition, have very nearly the same flame shape. These results will be useful for developing phenomenological models for predicting unstable combustion.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


The quasi-classical trajectory calculations O++DH(v = 0, j = 0)→OD++H reactions on the RODRIGO potential energy surface have been carried out to study the isotope effect on stereo-dynamics at the collision energies of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 eV. The distributions of dihedral angle P(r) and the distributions of P(θr) are discussed. Furthermore, the angular distributions of the product rotational vectors in the form of polar plot in θr and r are calculated. The differential cross section shows interesting phenomenon that the reaction is dominated by the direct reaction mechanism. Reaction probability and reaction cross section are also calculated. The calculations indicate that the stereo-dynamics properties of the title reactions are sensitive to the collision energy.


Lonar Crater Lake in the Buddana district of Maharastra state, India is the third largest natural salt water lake in the world. It is mysterious due to its unsolved & unique limnology and ecological biodiversity. It occupies the geographical position of 19°58' N & 76°31' E. The crater has a diameter of 1.8 km (rim to rim) with an average depth of 137m while the inside lake diameter is of approximately 1.2 km in average. The Lake surface area changes seasonally. The USGS Landsat dataset of 30m spatial resolution has been used to map the lake surface area seasonally for the years: 2009, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. The average slope of the Lonar Crater (assuming frustum of cone) has been calculated as 19°. The results have shown a huge reduction in the lake volume in the summer 2017 resulting in the maximum declination of Lake water level (~11 m). While there is just a little increment in the lake volume in monsoon 2017 resulting in the minimum inclination of Lake water level (< 1m). The rate of removal of water from the lake is observed faster than the rate of filling the lake with water, in the recent years (2015-2017). Such type of study will enhance the potential area of remote sensing technology up to a larger extent. Also the study will help us to understand the behavior of large Lakes/water bodies. Proper and regular monitoring of such water bodies may lead to know their exact conditions in this changing climate in order to save the precious water resources.


In order to join WTO, it is necessary to negotiate separately witn each WTO member who wants to talk with our country. The result of the bilateral negotiations will be the promise of China, and will become basic terms to join WTO. This result may also cause reforms in our foreign trade system. For example, the restrictions on the ability to perform foreign trade will be eliminated gradually; the right to perform foreign trade and internal trade will be connected gradually; Quotas and licenses will be eliminated; services will become main area opening to foreign countries and so on. Besides, governmental power to control foreign trade will be weakened and its service function will be strengthened. This paper try to express in one word: the challenge will be realized when our country become a WTO member.


In a former communication we called attention to the value of the hypodermic method of giving arsenic and reported some eight cases all told in which it was employed. Since that time a large additional experience with the method has but confirmed our previous good opinion. The list now includes twenty-eight cases of chorea, three of paralysis agitans and eight cases of neurasthenia. The hypodermic use of Fowler's solution has been recommended by numerous writers. Hammond claimed that the dose which could be administered in this way was much greater than could be safely administered by the mouth. He says: "I have frequently given as high as 35 drops of Fowler's solution as an initial dose. It is very certain that the stomach would not tolerate this quantity. Again, I have often carried the amount given by the mouth to the utmost bounds of prudence—till the eyes were puffed and


Essential palatal tremor (EPT) may not be a uniform or single entity. We present two patients who had some "voluntary control" over EPT, including entrainment. We review the English language literature on EPT to describe a wider clinical spectrum of this syndrome. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society


African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever which is a highly fatal haemorrhagic viral disease of domestic swine with detrimental effect on the development of swine industries in affected countries. Effective management and control of the disease is limited by lack of a protective vaccine against the virus. A cost‐effective avenue to develop effective vaccines is by harnessing immunoinformatic tools to generate highly conserved CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes which can be combined to construct a multi‐epitope broad spectrum subunit vaccine. Therefore, in this study, computational/immunoinformatic tools were used to generate CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes of the ASFV major coat protein p72, CD2 homologue CD2v and C‐type lectin like proteins which are good vaccine candidates capable of inducing protective immunity against the virus. The epitopes were computationally harnessed to develop a multi‐epitope subunit vaccine against the virus. The multi‐epitope vaccine quality was validated in silico and its stability was confirmed using molecular dynamic simulation. Molecular docking was employed to assess the interaction between the vaccine and Toll‐like receptors and the Swine Leukocyte Antigen. In silico cloning and codon optimization were used to bolstered the efficient expression of the vaccine in an E. coli expression system. The efficacy of the vaccine to provoke an effective immune response was assessed using in silico immune simulation. All these computational approaches revealed that the designed vaccine is structurally stable and capable of inducing both humoral cell mediated immune response against the ASFV.


Toni Morrison's Beloved is discussed not as a presentation of slavery, but rather of motherhood. Slavery and motherhood are considered convertible terms in order to show how Morrison's narrative functions as a critique to feminist lyric readings of the ties between mother and daughter.


The main specialties of personnel management at the Ukrainian chemical enterprises, the main tendencies of the chemical industry are considered in the article, also the personnel turnover indices of the certain chemical industry enterprises are researched, the main education areas, personnel stimulation instruments are defined.


—Software vulnerability detection is one of the key tasks in the field of software security. Detecting vulnerability in the source code in advance can effectively prevent malicious attacks. Traditional vulnerability detection methods are often ineffective and inefficient when dealing with large amounts of source code. In this paper, we present the BBVD approach, which treats high-level programming languages as another nat- ural language and uses BERT-based models in the natural language processing domain to automate vulnerability detection. Our experimental results on both SARD and Big-Vul datasets demonstrate the good performance of the proposed BBVD in detecting software vulnerability.


Abstract : High resolution energy distribution curves (EDC) and a polarization versus energy distribution curves (PEDC) of the electrons photoemitted from strained GaAs/GaAsP are presented. We have found that in the vicinity of the photothreshold the polarization does not vary across the EDC both at room and 120 K temperatures of the cathode, which shows that no depolarization occurs in the band bending region (BBR). The EDC are interpreted in terms of the competition between the electron tunneling in vacuum and hopping between the states in the band bending region localized by the fluctuation potential.


We have studied magneto-oscillations of the tunnelling current through a quantum well (QW) incorporating InAs self-assembled quantum dots in magnetic fields up to 28 T applied normal to the QW plane. We find evidence for the strong modification of the Landau levels in the host GaAs quantum well in the presence of dots embedded at the center of the well, which we attribute to electron-electron interactions.


Using density functional theory, we explore the magnetic behavior of a EuO/Pt heterostructure. The calculations suggest that the heterostructure could be used as a spin filter, as the Schottky barriers in the spin-up and spin-down channels are calculated to be 1.42 and 2.18 eV, respectively. We discover that the interfacial and second layer of EuO, both have a reduced magnetic moment, while the remainder of the oxide maintains bulk magnetization. These first two layers support a localized mid-gap electronic state that protects the remainder of EuO from losing charge into the large work function Pt, which in turn results in the magnetic moment reduction. Our calculations are consistent with recent experimental results of Barbagallo et al. [Phys. Rev. B 84, 075219 (2011)].


This paper mainly introduces the significance, key technologies and application of the Internet of Things in the agricultural field of the application of the Internet of Things technology to the precision ecological agriculture management platform, so as to realize the intelligence and precision of agricultural production, so that farmers can obtain technical support from agricultural experts; promote agricultural products. The healthy development of the market; promote the research and development of the Internet of Things and automatic control systems, technologies and equipment with independent intellectual property rights.


Objective: To explore the meaning of the experience and knowledge acquired by nursing students trained in healthcare improvement.

Material and methods: A phenomenological approach based on the Giorgi method was made through a group discussion of 21 European students from four countries in July 2019. The data was triangulated with the testimonies of key informants and with the use of an evaluation tool specific to this topic. The analysis was also triangulated with three experienced researchers who reduced the data by consensus to eight units of meaning.

Results: Nursing empowerment and horizontal health organizations were two of the most recurrent units of meaning along with professional values such as teamwork and humanization of care.

Conclusions: The knowledge, attitudes and values acquired are evidence of the shortcomings in the training of future nursing professionals in Europe. The theoretical and practical approach of the sessions, as well as the mixture of cultures, were strengths for the students. It is necessary to follow up on more cases that show the return on the training investment in substantial improvements in real contexts and its impact on the quality of care.


Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT-1A) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that affects mitochondrial oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the liver and kidneys, and is characterized by recurrent attacks of fasting-induced hypoketotic hypoglycemia and risk of liver failure.


A standard practice in object-oriented programming is to implement an operation, called equals in Java, for testing the equality of two objects. The equals method should be defined for every new Java class, but because of the intricacies of inheritance, casting, and dynamic typing, equals is often quite difficult to write correctly. And unfortunately many textbooks present flawed implementations of this operation. In this paper, we present a semantically correct technique for testing object equivalence, a technique that simultaneously brings together important mathematical foundations (equivalence relations), practical programming issues (inheritance, casting, dynamic typing), and sound software design (design patterns) in a natural and compelling way. While Java is used to demonstrate how the semantic flaws are corrected and the design improved using our techniques, the design is general enough that it will be clear how the same ideas could easily be extended to other languages such as C++.


A Monte Carlo study was conducted using SAS-IML to compare the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) simultaneous test procedures (STPs) of 0, 'T, A, and V in terms of power and Type I error under various conditions including violations of MANOVA assumptions. The Type I error rates of moderately restricted contrasts in STPs were robust to violations of MANOVA assumptions such that the actual alpha remained below the nominal alpha. However, the power of the STPs was unacceptably low in moderately restricted contrasts under most conditions. For partially restricted contrasts, the power of the STPs was adequate for θ when the noncentrality structure was concentrated. When the noncentrality structure was diffuse, again θ had the highest power but decreased to a minimal level as the number of groups or variables increased.


Metastasio's Artaserse, "the most famous Italian opera" sent from the English stage in the seven decades after 1762, of the 18th century, is now unknown, even in this age of baduring which time, Roger Fiske has concluded, "almost every roque revival (de Brosses, 2:314). It has been ignored almost notable person in London must have seen [it]," and even the entirely by literary and theater historians. And yet from the commonest Londoner would have been acquainted with its London debut in 1734, with Farinelli as star, to its permanent ubiquitous music (306).1 Along with frequent stage produc retirement from the repertoire a century later, Artaserse was a dons, the most popular arias were excerpted in innumerable widely known theatrical text in Georgian Britain. The opera, editions for the genteel market of domestic female music in both Italian and English versions, was staged over 260 making, and were standard fare for the barrel-organ players times between 1730 and 1800, to at least nine different of the streets and markets, scores, and as many variants of the text (Salwey 284). Frances Burney's Cecilia attends an Italian production of the opera at Arne's setting of Metastasio's Artaserse is the solitary ex the King's Theatre in 1779, with the great castrato Pacchierample of an Italian opera breaching the cosmopolitan, aristo otti in the lead role, while in 1781 six-year-old Charles Lamb cratic bounds of the King's Theatre in the Haymarket to saw the popular English adaptation by Thomas Arne at Drury penetrate English theater and the broad music culture. Even Lane with the hero's part sung by a tenor (73). as the number of theatrical performances waned in the late 1820s and 30s, certain songs—the tenor aria "Water parted Arne's Artaxerxes, which premiered at Covent Garden from the sea" and coloratura soprano showpiece "The sol in 1762, was performed over 150 times by the end of the cendier, tir'd of war's alarms" in particular—enjoyed undimin tury, with forty productions in the first four years. After 1767, ished fame on the concert stage. These songs continued as it was performed annually at either Convent Garden or Drury stock works of vocal apprenticeship into the Victorian age, Lane—sometimes with competing productions—unul the "long after the[ir] style . . . had become too obsolete even to war with Napoleon. Revived in 1813, Artaxerxes continued in be burlesqued" (Kenney 22). Artaxerxes endured long regular production until 1830, long after Italian-language enough (as few works of art do) to pass beyond the reach of stagings of the opera had ceased. Hazlitt and Hunt reviewed parody. But mystery surrounds this success. How did a hybrid Artaxerxes multiple times in the 1810s, by which time it had Italian-English piece—of "mixed charms" as Hazlitt put it become "the cheval de bataille of the English stage" (Mackerin an anachronistic musical style associated with the exclusive ness 220). Jane Austen knew the opera well enough to think aristocratic domain of the King's Theatre—survive the in it "very tiresome" (260). In short, aside from the first war-torn tense competition and thirst for novelty of the London thea decade of the 19th century, Arne's Artaxerxes, was rarely abtre scene for seventy years? (Examiner 21 July, 1816)


Twenty formal and informal financial institutions and 300 farmer-beneficiaries that operate in the state were randomly selected and structured questionnaires administered to them and as well as personal interview schedule. Both primary and secondary data were collected for the study. The primary data were obtained through a sample survey of the formal and informal financial institutions and the farmer beneficiaries of their services. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Kendal coefficient was also used to analyze the data. Determinants of agricultural credit to farmers in Niger Delta were ranked on five-point scale of extremely important, very important, important to some extent, not important and extremely unimportant. The scale was 5-1 respectively. The Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance (W) was used to test the degree of association of the financial institutions rankings of the identified militating factors. This suggest that similar weights were not attached to the influencing factors thus resulting in no significant agreement among the financial institutions in their rankings of the militating effects of each factor. It therefore, means that there is no consensus among the financial institutions as to the observation that the identified factors influence the choice of enterprises funded by the financial institutions. Keywords: factors, demand and supply of credit, and farmers, Rivers state Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol 3(1) 2005: 26-34


The reconstruction of non pointing photons is a key feature for studying gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) models at the LHC. In this article the angular resolution of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter is characterized from a detailed simulation of the detector. Resulting performances are used to reconstruct GMSB events with a fast simulation program, taking into account reconstruction effects. Finally, the sensitivity to extract the sparticles masses and the lightest neutralino lifetime is estimated.


Modern means of proof in the form of forensic evidence and electronic data has become an integral part of the law of evidence in the western legal system. For instance, medical evidence is considered conclusive in determining, inter alia, that a witness does not suffer from any abnormality of mind. It is also regarded as sufficient evidence to establish a causal connection between the taking of a drug and THE resulting damage to the complainant's health.1 Other forensic sciences, such as laboratorial testing of a blood specimen, constitute a prima facie evidence of proving paternity. The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) test2 of semen stains3 found in the bed of a hotel room that was occupied by two persons is consid ered sufficient to sustain their conviction for fornication. Cinderella evi dence to match the soles of shoes found at the crime scene with that of


The aim of this study was to determine the early vocal productions before the first word, and to study the influence of extra-linguistic factors (age, gender, primary caregiver, birth order, maternal education level). To this end, a cross-sectional descriptive study has been performed which involved 39 children of both sexes aged between 8 and 15 months of age. The children went to different schools of public and private Childhood Education in the province of Toledo. As a result we have used the "vocalizations" part of Inventory MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development (Lopez-Ornat, Gallego, Gallo, Karousou, Mariscal and Martinez, 2005). The data show that the speech activity in infants between 8 and 15 months of age appear gradually very early confirming the influence of some extralinguistic variables. Prosodic aspects of language are related to the variable sex and educational level of the mother. Birth as an order variable also shows a connection with the development of vocalizations, particular in babies born in first place. As for the observation of communicative and linguistic performance of babies by the primary caregiver, there is an observational bias appearing greater overestimation of vocalizations by caregivers different from the mother.


Recently a four-dimension (4D) cross constellation has been proposed, where a 4D-vector is drawn from two $(3\times 4^m)$-ary QAM constellations, in an effort to reduce the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). We construct a bits-to-signal mapping and prove that it is a Gray mapping. Simulation results show that the proposed modulation scheme is effective in reducing the PAPR while providing better error performance than existing 4D modulation schemes.


For a ring R, there are classical facts that R is right Noetherian if and only if every direct sum of injective right R-modules is injective, and R is right Noetherian if and only if every essential extension of a direct sum of injective hulls of simple right R-modules is a direct sum of injective right R-modules. In this paper, we prove that R is right Noetherian if and only if every essential extension of a direct sum of injective hulls of simple right R-modules is a direct sum of either injective right R-modules or projective right R-modules.


Introduction and Objectives Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a highly effective treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Technical advances and improved hemostatic properties of Holmium lasers have allowed for increased efficiency and outcomes. Same day catheter removal following HoLEP was described at our institution in 2020 following a 30-patient pilot trial. We now present an expanded update following widespread adoption at our facility. Methods We reviewed patients who underwent same day catheter removal after HoLEP between 1/1/2020 and 3/21/2021. Unlike previous trials, there were no limitations to prostate size. Other changes included catheter removal in phase two of recovery when nursing was available rather than the urology clinic. Descriptive statistics are presented of preoperative, operative, and postoperative data. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to assess associations with failure of same day void trial. Results The success rate of same-day catheter removal for the 114 identified patients was 87.7%. Mean age was 69.1  8.6 years and prostate volume was 109.2  61.5cc, 35% were dependent on catheterization for urinary retention preoperatively and 9% were on antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy. A total of 26.5% of patients with ASA 3 or 4 failed catheter removal compared to 3.9% of patients with ASA 1 or 2 (Likelihood ratio 9.32, p=0.002), ASA status lost significance on multivariate analysis (p=0.076). Successful catheter removal was not significantly associated with age, BMI, prostate size, catheter dependency, anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy, AUA symptom score, prior BPH surgery, or prostate cancer in final pathology. Conclusion Regardless of prostate size, same day catheter removal is a safe and reliable method of post-HoLEP patient management. Patients with an ASA 3 or 4 should be counseled regarding potential risks of temporary re-catheterization. Given ongoing nationwide shortages in hospital beds and staffing, same day discharge and catheter removal may allow for wider availability of surgical treatment for BPH.


The mathematical description and implementation of the statistical estimation procedure known as the Houston integrated spatial/spectral estimator (HISSE) is discussed. HISSE is based on a normal mixture model and is designed to take advantage of spectral and spatial information of LANDSAT data pixels, utilizing the initial classification and clustering information provided by the AMOEBA algorithm. The HISSE calculates parametric estimates of class proportions which reduce the error inherent in estimates derived from typical classify and count procedures common to nonparametric clustering algorithms. It also singles out spatial groupings of pixels which are most suitable for labeling classes. These calculations are designed to aid the analyst/interpreter in labeling patches with a crop class label. Finally, HISSE's initial performance on an actual LANDSAT agricultural ground truth data set is reported.


This paper presents a hybrid force/motion control framework for quadrotors with a rigid/light tool attached on it. By transforming the quadrotor dynamics into that of the tool-tip position y and applying the passive decomposition to decompose its dynamics into tangential and normal components w.r.t. a contact surface, we design hybrid position/force control. We also elucidate the internal dynamics (i.e., the dynamics hidden from the tool-tip position and yaw angle output and not directly affected by the control action due to the quadro-tor's underactuation), reveal a (seemingly counter-intuitive) necessary condition for internal stability (i.e., tool above the quadrotor, not beneath it), and propose a stabilizing control action to ensure the angular rates still be bounded while preventing the finite-time escape. Simulations are performed to support the theory.


In post-Revolutionary Mexico, two issues became pervasive: municipality and agrarianism. While municipality was the basis for the territorial and administrative division of the country, the thirties of the past century saw the beginning of the agricultural distribution based on the common land (ejido) formula. However, the particularities of its legal framework led to the confrontation between both institutions, enabling the founding of parallel governments and authorities. Although contradictions were present from the outset, it was the establishment of urban planning for the country in the sixties which exacerbated the fight for the control and administration of the land. After almost four decades of coexistence and despite the reforms and amends in their legal frameworks, both instances continue to be incompatible, in competition and, not seldom, in collusion. From a historical hermeneutic position, this work seeks to reflect upon their implications and intends to offer further insights into their discussion and current shape.


The focus position of laser beam at the sample cell in dynamic back light scattering system is calculated. The negative aberration resulting from the sample cell is analyzed and a correction of the aberration is proposed by ZEMAX to decide the parameter of the optic system. Moreover, the double scattering caused by the surface of sample cell is calculated as well and a method to suppress it is proposed.


From estimates of a modified life-cycle consumer expenditure function (LCF), Feldstein (1996) concluded that Social Security old age benefits reduced 1992 private saving by more than $400 billion. (1992 net (gross) private saving was $425 ($1,474) billion.) I confirm this finding, and show that it is more than three times its standard error but entirely due to the post-1971 data. However, the LCF tacitly constrains the effects of fiscal flows in ways the data reject. Feldstein also mismeasures private wealth and overlooks structural breaks occurring in 1947 and 1972. Once these specification and data errors are corrected, Social Security reduced 1992 private saving by at most $ 35 billion, with a standard error of $120-$160 billion.


Becau.~ of its high tendency to polymetize, bntadienyl acetate (I) has received relatively llttle study in diene-synthesis reactions, and only its condemations with maleic anhydride [1, 2], benzoquinone [1], acrolein, and crotonaldehyde [3] have been described. The stereochemistry of these adducts has scarcely been investigated because of their instability and the great tendency for the acetoxy group of (I) to be eliminated. However, adducts based on bntadienyl acetate are of great interest for the synthesis of stereoisomerlc cyclic compounds having oxygen-containing substituenu. The study of the steric orientation in the diene synthesis itself is also of great importance, for we have shown [4] that 1-(1-cyclohexen-l-yl)vinyl acetate reacts with methyl acrylate and with maleic anhydride mainly by exo-addition, in violation of Alder's "accumulation of umaturation" rule.


The study deals with the development of a hybrid search algorithm for efficient optimization of porous air bearings. Both the compressible Reynolds equation and Darcy's law are linearized and solved iteratively by a successive-over-relaxation method for modeling parallel-surface porous bearings. Three factors affecting the computational efficiency of the numerical model are highlighted and discussed. The hybrid optimization is performed by adopting genetic algorithm (GA) for initial search and accelerated by simplex method (SM) for refined solution. A simple and useful variable transformation is presented and used to convert the unconstrained SM to a constrained method. In this study, the hybrid search algorithm for a multi-variable design exhibits better efficiency compared with the search efficiency by using the SM. The proposed hybrid method also eliminates the need of several trials with random initial guesses to ensure high probability of global optimization. This study presents a new approach for optimizing the performance of porous air bearings and other tribological components. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Paper at the ASME/STLE Tribology Conference in Cancun, Mexico October 27–30, 2002


This book will be of interest to many readers of Mortality as it offers a mixed methods approach to the study of bereavement, combining qualitative and quantitative research. The book outlines Brenda Mathijssen's doctoral research on ritual beliefs in the Netherlands, which she completed at Radboud University in Nijmegen. It explores the way Dutch bereaved people cope with loss, and the role funeral professionals play in contemporary ritual practice. It offers interesting insight into current practices and beliefs among Dutch people with regard to continuing bonds and ritual practice. The book opens by outlining the historical context in which current Dutch norms have developed. Mathijssen argues that Dutch death rituals are shaped by the changing role of religion, the process of the individualisation of society and the development of modern cremation. Mathijssens expands on the continuing bonds theory in Chapter 6. This chapter suggests that, while Dutch people may continue to feel a bond with their deceased loved ones, this is not the same bond that was sustained before death. Mathijssen thus introduces the notion of 'transformative bonds' to more aptly describe the bond between the living and the dead. Mortality readers will be happy to hear that a version of this chapter has been recently published in this journal (see: Mathijssen, 2017). While this argument may be implicit in other works about continuing bonds, it is a real credit to Mathijssens' work that this concept is expounded on with clarity and insight. The qualitative sections of the book offer a rich account of the diverse ways in which Dutch people cope with death and dying, irrespective of their religious affiliation. This is juxtaposed with the quantitative data, which presents Roman-Catholic, Protestant and non-religious people as three homogenous groups. While religion is an interesting angle to pursue, I am not convinced it is sufficient in itself to explain the complexity of people's behaviours and beliefs. To provide a more holistic account, I would suggest taking into account the other facets of life such as age, gender, class, ethnicity and economic background that help shape people's beliefs and ritual practice. Mathijssen comments that the sample suggested the loss of a spouse was considered more 'intense' than the loss of a parent. It could be argued that it is not a person's religiosity, but their life stage or age that influences this feeling. Since many of Mathijssen's participants were middle-aged, this conclusion is plausible, yet previous research I conducted with Dutch young adults showed how profound the loss of a parent can be (Visser & Parrott, 2015). Consideration of economic circumstance could also help create a more multifaceted picture of the influences behind the rituals Dutch people engage in. For example, as Mathijssen states, a ritual coach in the Netherlands is between 200 and 600 euros on average, a price that could prove prohibitively expensive to many. Despite these qualms, Making Sense of Death is an engaging and illuminating read, particularly noteworthy for its contributions on continuing bonds theory, emerging death rituals and religion. BOOK REVIEWS 370


Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited Pediatric Critical Care Medicine www.pccmjournal.org 769 Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent serious complications for patients admitted to pediatric cardiac ICUs. HAIs are associated with higher morbidity and mortality as well as increased cost and resource utilization in this population (1). The World Health Organization defines quality of care as the extent to which healthcare services provided to individuals and patient populations improve the desired health outcomes (2). Among the main elements, patient safety is a major concern worldwide (3). Preventing HAI, including central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), is a core element of improving patient safety (4). During the past 2 decades, following a tremendous improvement in pediatric congenital cardiac surgery, a significant decrease in early postoperative morbidity and mortality has been reported (5, 6). A 16-year analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database reveals declining discharge mortality over time, especially for operations in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons—European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) Mortality Categories that correspond to a higher risk of mortality (6). In the perspective of decreased postoperative mortality rate, HAI is still considered a major contributor to the early postoperative mortality. Alten et al (1) reported a seven-fold mortality rate in patients with HAI versus patients without (24.4% in patients with HAI vs 3.4% in those without). In a recently published study, Haughey et al (7) found that neonates who underwent congenital cardiac surgery and developed CLABSI had a mortality rate of twoto eight-fold greater than those without CLABSI with hospital costs of fourto six-fold higher. Several quality improvement interventions have been suggested to reduce the frequency of CLABSI including identification of associated risk factors (8), implementation of central catheter insertion bundles (9), creation of multidisciplinary collaboration, and the use of scientific evaluation and implementation tools (10). Hamles et al (11) have evaluated the administration of two doses of the antistaphylococcal agent cefazolin during the removal of a percutaneously inserted central venous catheter (CVC) in 88 preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal ICU during the study period. Five infants of the control group (11%) developed coagulase-negative staphylococci sepsis less than 48 hours after removal of the percutaneously inserted CVC compared with none (0%) in the intervention group (p = 0.021). There are a paucity of data regarding CVCs complications including CLABSI in pediatric patients with critical cardiovascular disease. In this issue of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, DiPietro et al (12) have described the current use of CVCs in a cohort of pediatric cardiac ICUs from 23 hospitals using the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium clinical registry. They analyzed 12,278 patients with at least one CVC in place for location, duration, and complications (thrombosis and infections). Overall, CVCs were in place a median of 4 days (CVC-internal jugular [IJ] 3 d, intracardiac catheters 4 d, CVCfemoral 6 d, and peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC] 8 d). The most common locations for CVCs were IJ (46%), intracardiac (31%), and femoral (28%). An interesting subgroup is the single ventricle patients who clearly require CVCs for longer durations, especially after the first stage palliation. In those hospitalizations that included a Norwood operation, the most common CVC location was intracardiac (84%) followed by umbilical catheters (81%), IJs catheters (16%), and upper extremity PICCs (16%). Those patients undergoing a superior cavopulmonary anastomosis also most frequently had intracardiac catheters (56%), followed by IJs (43%) and femoral catheters (43%). Hospitalizations with a Fontan operation most commonly had IJs (60%) followed by intracardiac catheters (56%). 1.8% medical and 2.1% surgical (2% overall) were reported with at least one catheter-associated thrombosis. Thrombosis was diagnosed at a median of 7 days after catheter insertion and was most commonly associated with percutaneous CVCs (51%). Femoral catheters were the most common location (44%). Several factors were identified to be associated with risk of thrombosis: age, STAT category, total catheter days, multiple catheters concurrently in situ, history of a cardiac catheter intervention, cardiac arrest, use of mechanical circulatory support, chylothorax, prior infection, open chest, unplanned reintervention, and history of CLABSI. Independent predictors of thrombosis were younger age, STAT category 4–5, total catheter days, history of mechanical circulatory support, and unplanned reintervention. 1.4% medical and 1% surgical (1% overall) were reported with at least one CLABSI. CLABSI was first diagnosed at a median of 15 days after catheter insertion. Femoral location catheters and PICCs were the most frequent to be associated *See also p. 729.


Oleosins are alkaline proteins found on the surface of oil bodies in plants. They serve a structural role in stabilizing the triacylglycerols of the oil bodies together with the phos pholipid layer. We studied the spatial and temporal expression pat;ern of three putative oleosin genes atgrp-6, atgrp-7, and atgrp-8, in anthers of Arabidopsis thaliana using RNA transcript in situ hybridization. For all three genes, transcripts were found within the tapetal cells during the process of senescence. To identify a putative function for corresponding proteins, the tapetum was characterized ultrastructurally by electron microscopy and analyzed cytochemically for the presence of unsaturated lipids and basic proteins. TWO lipid storage organelles were identified: elaioplastids and lipid protein bodies. The accumulation of lipids in these two organelles strictly coincides with oleosin gene expression in the tapetum of A. rhaliana. No typical oil body was observed during tapetum development. A putative function of oleosins in tapetal cells is discussed.


Given the greater penetration of wind power, the impact of wind generators on grid electricity reliability imposes additional requirements. One of the most common technologies in wind power generating schemes is the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) converter. However, the controller calculation is difficult due to the nonlinear dynamical and time-varying characteristics of this type of conversion system. This study develops a unique intelligent controller approach based on the passivity notion that tracks velocity and maintains it functioning at the optimum torque. To address the robustness issues encountered by traditional generator-side converter (MSC) strategies such as proportional-integral (PI), this suggested scheme integrates a passivity-based procedure with a fuzzy logic control (FLC) methodology for a PMSG-based wind power converter. The suggested controller is distinguished by the fact that the nonlinear features are compensated in a damped manner rather than canceled. To achieve the required dynamic, the fuzzy controller is used, which ensures quick convergence and global stability of the closed loop system. The development of the maximum power collected, the lowered fixed gains, and the real-time application of the control method are the primary contributions and novelties. The primary objectives of this project are to manage DC voltage and attain adequate reactive power levels in order to provide dependable and efficient electricity to the grid. The proposed scheme is being used to regulate the MSC, while the grid-side employs a traditional proportional-integral method. The efficiency of the suggested technique is investigated numerically using MATLAB/Simulink software. Furthermore, the processor-in-the-loop (PIL) tests are carried out to demonstrate that the suggested regulator is practically implementable.


The hierarchical structure of mineralized tissues mainly depends upon the molecular processes controlled by the organisms, including the nucleation and growth of crystals and the stacking mode of minerals. The organic matrix mediates biomineralization process by interfacial molecular recognition, including lattice geometrical matching and stereochemistry structure complementary and electrostatic compatibility, and it gives these crystals special configuration. The development in this field, the state of art and the advances were reviewed in this paper, and pointed out that it is necessary to apply biochemistry and gene engineering science to researching the long time biomineralization process.


In response to widespread dissatisfaction with its public schools, California has implemented a number of educational reforms over the past decade. Perhaps the most dramatic, and certainly the most costly, was the passage of the class size reduction (CSR) law in the summer of 1996. This legislation aimed to reduce average class size by roughly one-third, from 30 students to 20, in grades kindergarten through third grade, at an annual cost of over $1 billion.


The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of taxation socialization, taxpayer awareness and the tax sanctions on tax compliance for prospective taxpayers. The prospective taxpayers are defined as future taxpayers who the subjective obligations as taxpayers begin since they are borned. But, since they have no the tax object, they donot have the tax obligation. This study uses students domiciled in Jakarta as pop-ulation. The sampling method used is convenience sampling. The survey method is used to collect data. The data used in this study is 301 questionairs. The results show that the taxation socialization on the tax compliance for prospective taxpayers is significant and positive. But, the taxpayer awareness and tax sanctions have no effect on tax compliance for prospective taxpayers statistically.


We introduce here Cartesian splines or, for short, C-splines. C-splines are piecewise polynomials which are defined on adjacent Cartesian coordinate systems and are Cr continuous throughout. The Cr continuity is enforced by constraining the coefficients of the polynomial to lie in the null-space of some smoothness matrix H . The matrix-product of the null-space of the smoothness matrix H and the original polynomial base results in a new base, the so-called Cspline base, which automatically enforces Cr continuity throughout. In this article we give a derivation of this C-spline base as well as an algorithm to construct C-spline models.


A good example of the manual vs. digital divide in design process is the studio modelling process. On one hand, the manual clay modelling offers the much needed tangibility and adds a touch-and-feel quality, whereas the digital clay offers flexibility and accuracy. This paper attempts to (a) analyze various options covering the manual to digital spectrum (b) devise a scientific criterion to evaluate them and (c) conclude the best option. After calculating weighted quality level for each function the results showed that overall value addition is best in digital route due to the head-start it gets in the first step, where 3D sketching provides the best advantage in terms of detection and quantification. In subsequent stages, the manual-digital route adds best values, due to the mix of qualities of digital and forward routes. This results in a hybrid option (3D sketch to virtual reality to hard clay) which offers the best value addition. A dispassionate evaluation of all options is needed to get the best mix of new and traditional and this study has attempted to objectively explore the best mix of digital and tangible processes to optimally exploit the advantages of all processes.


Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system with ranges of 4–10 m become popular in replacing wire system, technologies such as Bluetooth and ZigBee used for this purpose but due to its low data rate of 1 Mbps which is not enough for large file transfer and applications like video streaming there is a need of technology which address all these issues, Ultra Wideband is such a emerging wireless technology which support data rates up to 0.5 Gbps. UWB with its Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) infrastructure is an ultimate choice for the transmission of high speed data by dividing its wide frequency spectrum into sub 14-bands. The architecture of MB-OFDM transmitter baseband is presented in this paper and its modeling in MATLAB is discussed in detail. Modeling of UWB PHY transmitter baseband in MATLAB is helpful for designing its commercial product by optimizing various parameters.


To analyse the inheritance of fruit ring rot (FRR) resistance and to screen for microsatellite markers linked to resistance/susceptibility, 875 apple hybrid seedlings (Malus domestica, Jonathan × Golden Delicious) were inoculated with five isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea in 2 years (2008 and 2009). The results indicated that incidence and non-incidence were qualitatively segregated, and incidence was dominant to non-incidence. The variation in susceptibility within this population was attributed to the segregation of three major genes. For the phenotype of incidence, the severity of lesion development was a quantitative trait. From 230 published microsatellite primer pairs, six markers were identified that were linked to the susceptibility to FRR. CH04d02-120 and Hi08g12-190, located in LG12 and LG2, respectively, were linked to susceptibility to the pathogen isolate Mx1, and their map distances to the susceptibility loci were 8.2 and 5.1 centimorgan (cM), respectively. CH01e01-120 and CH02c02b-100, which were linked to susceptibility to Ls1, were located in LG14 and LG4, and the map distances to the susceptibility loci were 16.9 and 8.4 cM, respectively. CH05d11-150 and CH03a03-230, linked to susceptibility to Lw048, were located in LG12 and LG14; for both of them, the map distance was 13.4 cM.


The methods described in this article are relative to the deacidification technology of kiwi wine by chemical and blending pear juice methods.The results show that betteer reagent for kiwi wine deacidification is sodium carbonate(Na2CO3).In comparison,the blending method which mixed kiwi fruit juice and pear juice can also receive the same result,and even make a better effect than Na2CO3.It not only improves the taste of the wine,but also maintains the wine's stability.


Even though Bora Mikic did his doctoral thesis on contact conductance, it was natural that he became involved immediately thereafter with the boiling group in the MIT Heat Transfer Laboratory. After all, contact conductance depends on randomly spaced points of contact between two surfaces, while nucleate pool boiling depends on randomly spaced cavities on a surface covered by liquid. Bora worked actively in boiling in the 1960s and 1970s. Collaborating with Warren Rohsenow, he developed what still is one of the most fundamental models for saturated pool boiling.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


There were performed a morphological study of 63 heads of femur of the patients with coxarthrosis of dysplastic and idiopathic etiology, stage IV on Kellgren Lawrence. The type and severity of pathomorphological changes of the femoral head were found to depend on the pathological process etiology and the progress of coxarthrosis clinical course. Deterioration of coxarthrosis is associated with statistically significant increase in occurrence of cystoid remodeling of bone tissue of the femoral head and reduction of degree of bone and cartilage growths in comparison with the heads in the patients with moderate and mild course of the pathological process. Dysplastic coxarthrosis is characterized by intensive osteochondral overgrowth, loss of more than 50 % of the articular cartilage of the femoral head and diffuse subchondral bone tissue concretion. Statistically significant differences in pathological changes of femoral heads associated with coxarthrosis between the groups with different rate of progression of dysplastic coxarthrosis were not detected. The determined features of pathomorphological changes in the femoral head in coxarthrosis will contribute to the clarification of the etiology and prediction of clinical course of the hip joint osteoarthritis.


Feller's book An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Application discusses statistics corresponding to sequences of coin tosses, with a dollar being won or lost depending on the outcome of each toss. This is equivalent to analyzing walks in the plane with each step being one unit up or right.
In his paper "Fully AUTOMATED computerized redux of Feller's (v.1) Ch. III (and much more!)" (this http URL) and the accompanying Maple package, Zeilberger computes the "grand generating function," which, in a single blow, captures information about all of the walk statistics discussed by Feller.
In this paper, we continue to investigate walks using computer methods. However, we shall introduce an approach different from that of Zeilberger, who used computer algebra to exactly compute the weight enumerator over all walks--an infinite sum expressed as an algebraic function. Our procedures input a numeric value of $n$ and use dynamic programming methods to find the weight enumerator over all walks of length $n$--a finite polynomial. Then, by generating these polynomials for many values of $n$, we are able to conjecture behavior of the moments of certain statistics as the walk length tends to $\infty$.
The advantage of this method is that it is easily applied to more general problems not amenable to an analytic approach. For example, we use it to analyze walks in three dimensions and walks where more general steps (e.g., diagonal steps) are allowed.


A total of 27 clones of hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against VDV, the causative agent of viral deformity in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, were generated. These MAbs reacted to VDV-infected CHSE-214 cells but not to uninfected CHSE-214 cells by immunofluorescence test. By using these MAbs, 2 classes of polypeptides (VP2, VP3) were characterized by radio-immuno precipitation test or Western blot. Thirteen MAbs among 24 MAbs reactive to VP2 polypeptide neutralized virus infectivity but the other 3 MAbs specific to VP3 did not neutralize the infectivity. The reaction patterns of the MAbs obtained to the 3 reference strains (VR-299, Sp and Ab) of IPNV were variable. However, neutralization epitopes were conserved on VP2 of both VDV and IPNV. Six isolates of birnaviruses from marine cultured fishes were studied for reactivities of the MAbs by immunofluores cence test. The MAbs showed same reaction patterns to an isolate (YAV-1) from yellowtail and an isolate (H-1) from Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus as those of VDV by immunofluorescence test. However, some MAbs did not react to the other 4 birnavirus isolates from Japanese flounder.


The parameter attenuation coefficient usually depends upon the energy of radiations and nature of the material. The variation of linear and mass attenuation coefficient with different soil samples having chemical and Physical properties containing microelements has been investigated, using gamma radiation method. A scientific study of interaction of radiation with matter demands a proper characterization and assessment of penetration and diffusion of gamma rays in the external medium. The study of attenuation coefficient of various materials has been an important part of research in radiation chemistry, Physics, agriculture and human health. The soil sample is placed between collimated gamma source and NaI (Tl) with suitable geometric arrangement. The numbers of counts were counted with and without sample by varying the thickness of the sample. For this work, soil Samples were collected from different locations of Latur district and Osmanabad district from Maharashtra state of India and the parameters attenuation coefficients of soils were determined by performing experiment of gamma irradiation on soil samples. The results are represented in graphical forms. The Experimental measured values of linear and mass attenuation coefficient are in good agreement with standards which validates the gamma absorption law.


ABSTRACT Epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films have been deposited on Si (100) substrates by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. The experiments have confirmed that the use of Sr buffer layer is essential for making high quality SrTiO3 film. Apart from this, processing parameters including the deposition temperature and time for each layer also have significant influence on the crystallinity and roughness of SrTiO3. The thin films prepared under optimized conditions were found to have a pure perovskite phase, well crystallized and epitaxially aligned. The electrical measurements indicate that the SrTiO3 film has a capacitance effective thickness of less than 16 Å.


The romantic perception of plant-animal mutualisms as a cooperative endea- vour has been shattered in the last decades. While the classic theory of plant-pollinator coevolution assumed that partner coevolution is largely mutualistic, an increasing appre- ciation of the inherent conflict of interests between such partners has led to the realization that genes that confer a reproductive advantage to plants may have negative effects on their pollinators (and vice versa), giving rise to an apparent paradox: that antagonistic processes may drive coevolution among mutualistic partners. Under this new paradigm, mutualistic partners are bound by mutual interest but shaped by ''selfish'' antagonistic processes. Exploitation barriers mediated by resource competition among pollinators are a key ele- ment of this paradigm. Exploitation barriers involve traits such as tubular corollas, red flowers, toxic or deterrent rewards, and attractants of floral predators. Exploitation barriers result in resource partitioning, increasing floral fidelity of favoured pollinators and therefore plant fitness; but they often entail a physiological, behavioural or developmental cost for such favoured pollinators. Resource partitioning mediated by exploitation barriers is a very powerful driver of floral diversification, robust to variation in pollinator assem- blages; hence, it may contribute to elucidating the occurrence of co-evolutionary changes in multi-species contexts. Exploitation barriers provide also a mechanistic basis for trait- based modelling of interaction networks, and represent a reason for caution in assuming fixed interaction identity or strength when modelling such networks (e.g. in rarefaction procedures used to estimate secondary extinctions). We propose to replace the misleading metaphor that depicts flowers and pollinators as cooperative partners by a metaphor in which plants and pollinator are traders, seeking to obtain different services from each other in complete disregard for the benefit of their mutualistic partner.


(57) [Abstract] Preferably a hydrophobic moiety comprising an ester or amide bond, the fabric softening active agent having a mixed branched and unsaturated hydrophobic groups, and improved handling and stability, surprisingly good show flexibility. Preferred compositions contain mono-ol and diol principal solvents having from about 0.15 to about 0.64 C log P of which is relatively high the fabric softening active agents having an ester bond in a hydrophobic long chain It has the ability to make clear aqueous fabric softener composition containing a concentration. Other solvents may also be present. Fabric softening active agent, the main solvent, premixes other solvents optionally, by which can be prevented / limiting the need for heating, is useful in the preparation of the complete formulation. Other compositions or is solid a dispersion of the fabric softening active agents can also be produced.


Four new species of Fergusobia from flower bud galls and a stigma gall on Eucalyptus spp. in Australia are described. Fer- gusobia eugenioidae Davies n. sp. is characterised by having an arcuate, open C or C-shaped parthenogenetic female witha conoid tail, an arcuate to open C-shaped infective female with a hooked tail region and a broadly rounded tail tip, andarcuate or open C-shaped males with angular spicules and short bursa. Fergusobia fasciculosae Davies n. sp. is character-ised by the combination of an arcuate parthenogenetic female with a short, broadly conoid tail, an open C-shaped infectivefemale with a hemispherical tail tip, and J-shaped males with angular spicules and short peloderan bursa. This is the first Fergusobia/Fergusonina association to be described from flower stigma galls. Fergusobia juliae Davies n. sp. is character-ised by the combination of an arcuate to C-shaped parthenogenetic female with a short, broadly conoid tail, a J-shaped in-fective female with a hooked tail region, a cuticular plate around the vulva, and a broadly rounded tail tip, and J-shapedmales with angular spicules and short peloderan bursa. Fergusobia morrisae Davies n. sp. has a C-shaped parthenogeneticfemale with a narrowly conoid tail, an arcuate or J-shaped infective female with most curvature behind the vulva and a shorttail with an almost hemispherical tip, and arcuate or J-shaped males with strongly sclerotised, angular spicules and a longpeloderan bursa. Other known similar forms of Fergusobia/Fergusonina flower bud galls from Eucalyptus spp. are outlinedand the larval shield morphology of their associated mutualistic fly species is discussed where known. An inventory of allknown Fergusobia/Fergusonina associations from flower bud galls from Eucalyptus spp. is presented. Molecular analysisof Fergusobia nematodes was inferred from DNA sequencing of 28S rDNA D2/D3 domains and a portion of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI). Possible evolutionary relationships are discussed.


Shape stee1 reinforced concrete short-leg shear wall is a new kind of short-leg shear wall.It can take full advantages of steel and concrete,of which flexure,bearing capacity,ductility,ability of dissipating energy and seismic behavior is better than the traditional reinforced concrete short-leg shear wall.In this thesis the experimental studies on the seismic behavior of three 1/2 scale shape steel concrere short-leg shear walls with three wall width-depth ratios(5,5.5 and 6)have been made.Based upon the experimental study,bearing capacity,ductility,hysteresis property and failure phenomena of each shear wall are contrastively analyzed,and suggestions of anti-seismic design of the shape steel concrete short-leg shear walls are presented.The results show that owing to the setting of the concealed steel columns in the short-leg shear wall,the late strength reserve of the shape steel concrete short-leg shear wall has been increased greatly and its seismic behavior has been improved obviously.


The article is devoted to the analysis of one of the modern technologies usage the distant educationfor the purpose of improving the system of secondary education. The authors show the special features of the infrastructure of the Altay territory secondary education system and possibilities of using distant education in teaching school subjects. Special attention is paid to the experience of distant education using in rural schools which have limited number of children.


How to recognize, cope with, and escape from various types of toxic coworkers. How to recognize, cope with, and escape from various types of toxic coworkers.


The crystal structures of two concomitant conformational polymorphs of 1,3,5-tris(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzene are described. Both polymorphs self-assemble into discrete network architectures mediated by weak C–H⋯O and C–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding in one case and multiple CO⋯Cl and Cl⋯Cl interactions in the other. The thermochemical properties of these polymorphs were examined using differential scanning calorimetry.


Ghost Crabs, Ocypode cursor (Linnaeus, 1758), are used as a bioindicator species to evaluate the ecological condition of sandy beaches. Studies using Ghost Crabs as bio-indicator have often focused on the influence of human disturbance and beach geomorphology, separately. However, the relative importance of these variables should be assessed to maintain community structure. Here, I used an indirect burrow examination technique to understand whether Ghost Crabs respond to human disturbance stronger than to geomorphological properties of the sites. I analysed sand compaction rate, sand grain size, beach width, and beach slope as geomorphological features and urbanization index as a measure of human disturbance on each site. I further examined Ghost Crab burrows by counting and measuring the openings. Ghost Crabs showed lower population density and individual body sizes as a response to human disturbance, and the level of this response was partly related to the geomorphological features of the sites. However, human disturbance explained approximately 72% of the variation in the Ghost Crab burrow density and about 70% of the variation in the burrow size, alone. The findings of this study corroborate the use of Ghost Crabs as an efficient bioindicator species of human disturbance on sandy shores to achieve efficient beach management, yet suggest that managers and scientists should combine the influences of geomorphological features of the beaches and the degree of human disturbances in their ecological assessments.


Passive shunt damping involves the connection of an electrical shunt network to a structurally attached piezoelectric transducer. In recent years, a large body of research has focused on the design and implementation of shunt circuits capable of significantly reducing structural vibration. This paper introduces an efficient, light weight, and small-in-size technique for implementing piezoelectric shunt damping circuits. A MOSFET half bridge is used together with a signal processor to synthesize the terminal impedance of a piezoelectric shunt damping circuit. Along with experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of switched-mode shunt implementation, we discuss the design of a device aimed at bridging the gap between research in this area and practical application.


It provides a mechanism for the availability of a wireless device to initiate a direct mode or a communication device to the apparatus through an existing network coverage embodiment. The wireless communication system of short-range communication between a wireless device and a wireless device according to a second wireless device between a first and second wireless devices to exchange messages via the first network node and then a second communication link over the first communication link on. Provide a corresponding method. There is also provided a computer program, computer program product and a wireless device.


Elemental W-20Cu powder mixtures were mechanically alloyed. After a certain time of high-energy ball milling, Nanostructured W-Cu composite powder was obtained where where W crystalline size about 30 nm. Crystalline sizes of milled powder were analyzed by means of XRD. Meanwhile the powder characterization such as particle size, distribution, loose density and packed density of MA-ed were examined. The green part from the nanostructured powder was then sintered to 1 200~1 300℃. The relative density of the sample is higher than 99.5%, fensile strength is higher than 780 MPa, plongation of the samples higher than 3.5% and tungsten grain is about 1~2 μm.


The classification and mapping of habitats in Wadden Sea areas is an important issue of marine monitoring. In the framework of a German research project, we investigate different mod- ern remote sensing data for this task. In this paper, our focus is on the potential of airborne laser scanning data for the classification. Therefore, we use Conditional Random Fields (CRF), a prob- abilistic supervised classification approach capable of modelling context. We classify the laser scanning point cloud into the three object classes water, mudflat, and mussel bed. For the distinc- tion of different surface types we analyse crucial classification features based on the geometry and the intensity of the backscatter. We then learn typical structures in a training step and combine lo- cal descriptors with context information in a CRF framework. We evaluate our approach on a test site of the German part of the Wadden Sea and show classification results of multispectral and SAR data which we intend to combine for a marine monitoring concept.


This bachelor thesis discusses the concept of genre and the comic Gothic. It is an attempt to demonstrate the conflicts rooted in "genre" by discussing several scholars, such as Alistair Fowler and ...


Described here are a series of four cases of congenital high airway obstruction in the fetus. All of the patients presented in the second trimester and all had hydrops fetalis. Three cases had bilateral hyperinflated lungs, midline shift of heart, flattening or inversion of the diaphragm, and fetal ascites. Autopsy was performed in one of these three and showed laryngeal atresia. In one fetus, there was only a unilateral huge enlargement of the lung with mediastinal shift. On autopsy, this fetus had atresia of right main bronchus. All parents had terminated the pregnancy following the prenatal diagnosis. Laryngeal atresia is an extremely rare fetal anomaly with dismal prognosis. It is important to differentiate the condition from other lesions with a more favorable prognosis, such as congenital adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Much research is needed in the future to explore the therapeutic options, including fetoscopic intervention or transplantation of stem cell–derived airways.


The purpose of the present study is to verify how blue-collar foreign workers' Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) education/training programs are implemented in Taiwan, in an attempt to raise such workers' awareness of OSH. The authors began this study by offering OSH training to translators at manpower agencies, followed by OSH education/training and promotional campaigns conducted on a trial basis through partnerships with a church frequented by foreign workers, government authorities that launched events to improve such workers' welfare, a labor-exporting country's representative office in Taiwan that sponsored a radio show, and business units that carried out OSH training programs. Results of these promotional efforts were verified in post-assessments. Findings from this study prove that the above-mentioned approaches to blue-collar foreign workers' OSH education/training all lead to an increase in OSH knowledge, though to varying extents. It is therefore advised that appropriate approaches be chosen according to the information to be conveyed, targets, and objectives of promotional campaigns. To noticeably improve the effectiveness of blue-collar foreign workers' OSH education/training programs, all translators involved should be equipped with OSH-related basic knowledge/skills, with business units extending the hours of OSH education/training programs for blue-collar foreign workers, or at least making them fully aware of the OSH information available to their Taiwanese counterparts. Also, this study's authors proposed four principles for enhancing the results of foreign workers' OSH education/training programs, which will hopefully provide all those involved with a sound foundation for decision-making.


Policy - Education and Training for 16-18-year olds: Some Reflections from Europe - Curriculum Policy Archive - NAME is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of SUBJECT with links to related articles and images. ADD MORE DESCRIPTION AS REQUIRED


Through the choosing of raw materials and the mix proportion optimization,C80 high performance concrete is prepared.The workability and durability of concrete are improved obviously,as well as the strength of concrete.In Lanzhou region,C80 high performance concrete is firstly successfully prepared in the lab,which can provide the experience for the engineering application of C80 high performance concrete.


Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in chronic heart failure (HF), affecting more than half of all HF patients. The detrimental clinical and prognostic consequences of iron deficiency have been stressed by numerous studies.1 However, the pathophysiology of iron deficiency in HF is largely unclear. Although anemia, as a consequence of iron deficiency, may seem a reasonable explanation for the adverse effects, iron deficiency without anemia was also strongly and independently associated with impaired quality of life, exercise intolerance, and mortality.1 Furthermore, the beneficial effects of intravenous iron in iron-deficient HF patients (ie, improvement in exercise tolerance, New York Heart Association Functional Classification, and quality of life) were irrespective of attained hemoglobin levels.2,3 These findings shifted the focus from hemoglobin toward more direct effects of iron itself on nonhematopoietic tissues that are important for exercise capacity, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle. It has also been acknowledged that the exercise intolerance of chronic HF patients is not solely explained by peripheral muscle underperfusion associated with cardiac dysfunction. Several in vitro studies showed direct detrimental effects of iron deficiency on mitochondrial function and morphology, among others in human cardiomyocytes and myoblasts.4–6 Impaired mitochondrial respiration and contractility of iron-deficient human cardiomyocytes could be rescued by adding transferrin-bound iron to these cells.4 A more direct way to study the effects of iron status on exercise tolerance is to analyze mitochondrial respiratory function in skeletal muscle biopsies.7 However, this method provides static results and is associated with excessive burden to the patients, especially when multiple biopsies are taken. To study the consequences of iron deficiency on exercise capacity, a more dynamic approach is needed. Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) is such a method, allowing noninvasive, real-time, in vivo measurement of oxidative skeletal muscle metabolism, both at rest and during exercise. With a phosphorus-31 coil, phosphorus-containing metabolites such as phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be detected and quantified in human tissue. The high-energy bond between creatine and a phosphate group makes PCr a rapidly available anaerobic store of chemical energy in skeletal muscle cells. During exercise, PCr is depleted by donating high-energy phosphate groups to ADP, which converts into ATP, and the tight balance between ATP use and production is therefore kept intact. This process, facilitated by the enzyme creatine kinase, is later reverted in postexercise rest to regenerate the PCr pool from creatine and ATP. The largest portion of all ATP is derived by mitochondrial processes, of which many are iron-dependent. Iron is directly involved in several complexes of the respiratory chain, containing iron–sulfur clusters, but is also © 2019 American Heart Association, Inc. Circulation


information exchange took place with the participation of many stakeholders while keeping these issues in mind during the Olympics. In addition, this Olympics was fortunate in that it was held before the Omicron strain epidemic. 5 As a result, the games were not affected and the number of infected people did not increase in the host country, so it can be said that the corona control measures were successful. The success of this event provided important suggestion for future events under pandemic. The lesson learned is that ' well prepared means no worries ' .


ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this research was to examine and explain elements that enhanced or thwarted program growth of the United States Veterans Health Administration Medical Foster Home program. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted nationally through individual interviews over the phone and in-person (n = 22) with coordinators (n = 15 at slow-growth programs; n = 6 at fast-growth programs), program support assistants (PSAs) (n = 1 at slow-growth program), and home-based primary care team members (n = 3), as well as three in-person focus groups (n = 28 total participants) with home-based primary care team members. All participants (N = 53) were involved with programs in existence for at least two years. Results: Facilitators and barriers that enhanced or thwarted program growth emerged around four themes: A full-time coordinator; Unmitigated home-based primary care team engagement; Pursuit and receipt of appropriate referrals; and Match between caregiver, home, and Veteran. Conclusions: To facilitate program growth, program leaders should consider themes identified and how to foster situations and shape policies that put themes into practice.


The "Occupy Wall Street!" movement has stimulated a long listing of other candidates for radical "occupation." In this paper, I suggest the occupation of liberalism itself. I argue for a constructive engagement of radicals with liberalism in order to retrieve it for a radical egalitarian agenda. My premise is that the foundational values of liberalism have a radical potential that has not historically been realized, given the way the dominant varieties of liberalism have developed. Ten reasons standardly given as to why such a retrieval cannot be carried out are examined and shown to be fallacious. The "Occupy!" movement, which has made headlines around the country, has raised the hopes of young American radicals new to political engagement and revived the hopes of an older generation of radicals still clinging to nostalgic dreams of the glorious '60s. If the original and still most salient target was Wall Street, a long list of other candidates for "occupation" has since been put forward. In this essay, I want to propose as a target for radical occupation the somewhat unusual candidate of liberalism itself. But contrary to the conventional wisdom prevailing within radical circles, I am going to argue for the heretical thesis that liberalism should not This paper was first presented in a shorter version at Critical Refusals: The Fourth Biennial Conference of the International Herbert Marcuse Society, University of Pennsylvania, October 27–29, 2011, and later on a panel on "Philosophers Respond to Occupy Wall Street," at the American Philosophical Association Eastern Division annual meeting, Washington, D.C., December 27–30, 2011. I would like to thank Andy Lamas and Jennifer Uleman, the organizers of these respective events, for the invitations to participate. — 306 — Charles W. Mills


Objective: The object of this study was to provide a better understanding of the roles played by sex hormones in ovarian carcinogenesis. Methods: 1) The expressions of estrogen receptor- and -, progesterone receptor A and B, androgen receptor in normal ovarian tissue, benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumor were analyzed using immunohistochemical stains. 2) Expression of mRNA of sex hormone receptors of cell lines from postmenopausal normal surface epithelial cells, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer were studied using real time quantitative PCR methods. 3) Expression of PR isoforms after treatment with estradiol, expression of AR after treatment with testosterone were analyzed using RT-PCR and immunoblotting methods. 4) Apoptosis after treatment with levonorgestrel in cell lines from ovarian cancer were analyzed using flowcytometry. Results: There was no significant difference in results shown by immunohistochemical staining between sex hormonal receptors of normal ovarian tissue (n=8), benign tumor (n=10), borderline tumor (n=8) and malignant tumor (n=24) according to malignant change. But, PRA was significantly reduced in epithelial ovarian cancer. 1) Expressions of ER- and ER-, PRA, PRB and AR mRNA were seen in normal ovarian epithelial cells. 2) Deletion of exons of ER-, ER- wild type and variant, ER-variant were seen in many cell lines. 3) Down regulation of PR mRNA isoforms (especially PRA) in cell lines of ovarian cancer. 4) Flowcytometry showed that apoptotic cells markedly increased during exposure of progestins in ovarian cancer cell lines. Conclusion: These results suggest that down-regulation of ER- and PRA is associated with the development of ovarian epithelial carcinoma. Progestins can activate the apoptotic pathway in the ovarian epithelium for protection of normal tissue from neoplastic transformation suggests that progestins deserve further evaluation as potential ovarian cancer preventive agents.


Summary. The incidence of antinuclear antibodies was determined to be 39% in a group of 26 patients with Coombs positive acquired hemolytic anemia who lacked evidence of collagen disease or primary disturbances of the lymphoreticular system. There was no correlation between antinuclear antibodies and such factors as anemia, reticulocytosis, hypergammaglobulinemia and whether the Coombs reaction was related to pure IgG or to serum complement on the red cells. The significance of the antinuclear antibodies and their relationship to the acquired hemolytic process remain to be elucidated.


To support object structures organized as partial orders (e.g. inheritance hierarchies or class hierarchies), a compilation-time partial order encoding technique, called compact encoding with modulation (CEM for short), has previously been developed to enable efficient computations of greatest lower bound (e.g. greatest common subclass) and least upper bound (e.g. least common superclass) at run time, provided that the partial order can be perfectly modulated. However, "perfect" modulation in CEM may not be possible for some partial orders. Besides, we observe that most practical object structures are two-dimension partial orders. Therefore, this paper proposes a different encoding technique, called N-grid encoding as an alternative. The N-grid encoding is shown to outperform CEM for most practical two-dimension object lattices of extremely large size.


The study investigated the bottom line of hotel guest room design from two different angles; qualitative research on mass purchasers and quantitative research on individual hotel guests. The outcome of the researches support the findings of the literature studies that preceded the two filed researches. Finding out the necessary and sufficient hotel guest room condition from the viewpoint of the hotel guests was the main objective of this survey. The study result provides insights into the complexity and trade-offs in designing hotel guest room product offerings for various sub-segments of the mid-range urban hotels. Hotel guest room is the core product of the hotel industry, and an important marketing variable at the same time. Information on guest's hotel guest room format choice will enable hoteliers and developers target specific customer groups with strategies premeditated to meet their need and preferences. 5 sessions of the semi-structured interviews with event organizers were conducted in order to collect mass purchasers' views and experiences on hotels. Interview sessions with event organizers confirmed the general idea that hotel guests are not much interested in sustainability issue, even though they do know the importance of the matter. It has also found that hotel guests are not particularly opposing to the notion; the findings of the survey analyses indicate that a moderate guest room configuration can satisfy hotel guests. A typical guest room had been analyzed and divided in to 8 functional areas, that became 8 attributes of the survey questionnaire. The most important factors for the hotel guests were a proper management and a pleasant service, not the most luxurious guest room features. These findings assert that it is possible to perform a leaner and greener hotel development and the need of businesses' leading on the making the hotel industry more sustainable and socially responsible. Discrete choice questions found the desk to be the most important factor for 3 star hotels. Window, bed, desk, and living found to be significantly important for 4 star hotels. In general, all the attributes except the bath were significantly important. When all the 8 attributes were presented together, the desk type found to be the most important factor followed by the bed arrangement. The most likely choice of 3 star hotel guests is consist of operable full height window, twin bed with design features, bath and separated toilet, single armchair with ottoman, small closet, extendable desk, small TV, and full height mini-bar. They find all the attributes almost equally important and the importance of the bed appeared to be rather lower than anticipated. The importance value of desk attribute is exceptionally high (25.8%). closet and entertainment had lower importances. The most likely choice of 4 star hotel is the room with operable full height window and balcony, a double bed with design features, a small shower stall, a large closet and luggage, double armchair, a medium size desk, swivel TV, and a full height mini-bar. Window, closet, & mini-bar found to be the least influential features, while bed and desk to be the most influential ones. The Conjoint questions 1&2 investigated on which part hotel guests put more value; size of the guest room or the view to the outside. When size and window were presented together, the room size accounted 70% of vignette ratings, and the window showed 30% of importance value. Interestingly, desk shows the highest importance value of all. During the qualitative research, significance of the desk was discussed many times. The outcome of the survey supports the discussion. Desk attribute carries 22.9% of importance and the most frequently chosen level was the medium size desk. Utilities and importances of attributes change significantly in relation with the demographic characteristics of the respondent. Characteristics of travel also found to have a significant correlation with the guest's hotel guest room preference. Travel characteristics in this context refer the duration of each stay, room share, purpose of travel. However, no significant correlation between income/education level and the respondent's preferences has found. Large difference among importance values were witnessed on the survey data analysis. For instance, entertainment showed 9.6% of importance while desk showed 22.9% importance. In other words, a desk that meets a guest' expectation is much more likely to satisfy the guest than an impressive entertainment area arrangement. Likewise, poor condition or choice of desk design can disappoint a guest much more than an entertainment area that doesn't meet the guest' expectation.Design and layout of the hotel's facilities affect its revenue operation potential, as well as guest satisfaction. The customer trade-offs identified with this research serve as an important input for conceptualization of a hotel property development. The research suggests the starting point of a competitive concept composition. Developers can refer to the sub-group studies and generate a customized guest room model. As an example, a hotel concept planning is presented. Hotel concept planning as such will be a valuable input for hotel developers, hoteliers, and valuers. Importance values imply which function should be fortified, which not. The data from this study can present a good direction for hotel businesses on performing renovations; on which part the focus should be set in relation with their guest characteristics. The knowledge obtained by this study will enable managers to select innovative offerings that are most beneficial to the firm and that will truly have an impact on customer's choices. By understanding customer trade-offs, service firms will have a better market orientation with a resulting improvement in the firm performance.


In this paper, small signal stability analysis considering grid-connected wind farms of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) type is conducted. A simplified and practical DFIG model is presented firstly, and the stator flux-oriented vector control based method is employed to implement stator active and reactive powers control in modelling rotor-side converter. The power system small signal stability analysis is then carried out to explore and exploit the essential impacts on the existing power grid by eigenvalue analysis for a specific test system. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the validity of the proposed model and method, especially some conclusions and comments of interest are made.


High-efficiency blue fluorescent organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) have been demonstrated by doping two host emission layers with p-bis(p-N, N-diphenyl-aminostyryl)benzene (DSA-Ph) simultaneously to form double emission layers (DELs). A peak luminance efficiency of 8.59 cd A−1 with a CIE colour coordinate of (0.155, 0.340) at 14.72 mA cm−2 and a maximum luminance of more than 42 000 cd m−2 have been achieved. The improvement of the luminance efficiency of OLEDs with the doped DELs as compared with that of the undoped OLEDs can be explained by the doping effect, the expansion of the recombination zone and the efficient energy transfer.


Copper–graphite composites with graphite contents 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.% was formed by powder metallurgy. Effect of the processing parameters on the wear resistance and the compression strength of the composites were studied. Three compaction pressures (150, 250, and 350 MPa) and three sintering temperatures (900, 950, and 1000 C) were applied. Lead or zinc with 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.% of was mixed with (copper/2.5 or 5 wt.% graphite composites) which give good values of hardness, compressive strength and wear resistance. The wear testing was carried out using a pin-on-disc wear tester. Vickers hardness measurements were used to investigate the hardness of the products. For copper graphite composites, increase of compaction pressure and sintering temperature increased the relative density of both green and sintered parts which increases the mechanical properties. At low graphite contents (0 to 5 wt %) the copper particles were coherent. So, the wear resistance increases. and with increasing amount of graphite, particles of graphite work as insulation to the particles of copper, so the mechanical properties and wear resistance were reduced. Improvement in the mechanical properties and wear resistance was observed when adding 0.5, 1, 1.5 wt% of lead or zinc to coppergraphite (cu+2.5 or 5 wt% graphite) composites.


In block based motion estimation, type of search pattern plays a crucial role in improving the speed and performance of the search. For the High definition (HD) videos, the computational complexity of the full search algorithm is high although it gives better PSNR value. Many Fast search algorithms were proposed which use different shapes of search patterns and give the better PSNR results by decreasing the computations. But these fast search algorithms do not give better results for HD videos as the search range of these algorithms is limited. Therefore, here we propose an algorithm which gives better results with very low loss of PSNR for HD videos and reducing the computational complexity by almost 95%.


Lilium candidum L. (Liliaceae), the so called "white Madonna lily", is well known in folk medicine for the treatment of burns, ulcers, inflammations and for healing wounds. Lilium candidum L. extract contains various biologically active compounds. As the antimutagenic activity of natural compounds often correlates with antioxidant effects and contents of phytochemical substances from the flavonoids group, our hypothesis is that the LC extract, which is rich in flavonoids and with pronounced antioxidant activity, could possess bioprotective potential. The aim of the study to evaluate hepatoprotective Lilium Candium flowers extract to prepare methanolic extract of Lilium Candium, phytochemical screening, acute oral toxicity of these extract and determine the hepato protective activity in different models like Carbon Tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats, Alcohol induced liver damage in rats. Paracetamol induced liver damage in rats.


Abstract- This paper presents the results of domestic water treatment by combining between corona discharges and coagulation-flocculation technology. The corona discharges were generated by a coaxial electrode system with voltages of about 10 kV and 31 kHz in frequency. Total power of a water treatment system is about 90 W. Water flow is 4 L/m in a batch treatment system and electric energy consumption is measured to be 1.125 kWh/m3. Experimental results show that the combination of ozone and UV formed by corona discharges has high efficiency in removing coliforms. The coagulation-flocculation is very necessary for the pretreatment stage of water. After treatment, determined parameters of water conforms with national technical regulation on domestic water quality (QCVN 02:2009/BYT). However, this method still increases the concentration of NO3- inwater after treatment.
Keywords: Domestic water, coagulation-flocculation, ozone, ultraviolet, corona discharges.
References
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This study was to determine whether the use of sandtray therapy can help alleviate the difficulties
experienced by a child with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). The subject of this study was a 10-year old
girl with PTSD. The goal of the therapy undertaken with this child was to enable her to overcome the fear of
death and return to her normal everyday life. The sandtray therapy was administered 21 sessions in total.
According to the result, first, during the first sessions the child experienced the sandtray as a free and
protective space based on trust between the therapy and the child. Second, during the middle sessions the child
expressed her inner feelings of fear, anxiety and conflict within the sandtray. It symbolized mother-child unity
and the images of death and rebirth. In the final sessions, she showed integration and adaption by expressing
the union of opposites and self images as a whole in the tray. In the post-treatment session, it was confirmed
that there is significant improvement in her social adaptability. This study showed the effectiveness of sandtray
therapy for child with PTSD.


Genetic counselling is a process in which the counsellee receives information and support concerning a genetic disease. This study examines the genetic counselling attached to genetic testing. Since genetic information is increasing alongside new testing technologies and the situations faced at the genetic clinics will therefore be more diverse, it is essential to assess what the expectations directed at genetic counselling are. It is also important to compare how they face the current counselling practices. In this study, the expectations, frames and practices of genetic counselling in different contexts of genetic testing were examined from three different perspectives: First, international guidelines covering genetic counselling were analysed to summarise what is expected from genetic counselling and to study how genetic information is framed. Second, national experts in European countries were asked about the regulations and practices of genetic counselling in their country. Finally, ten counsellees who had visited a genetic clinic were interviewed to analyse their expectations and experiences. The counsellees' perspective was also approached through the background review of the previous studies on counsellees' experiences. On the basis of the study, there are basic elements that are expected to be covered in genetic counselling from all perspectives. However, the views concerning bioethics, genetic exceptionalism and psychosocial aspects vary depending on the perspective and on the individual situation. Since there are sometimes more differences than similarities between genetic tests, no universal recommendations for counselling can be applied. The practices of genetic counselling should be defined situationally, emphasising the individual needs over the genes.


An experimental implementation of cascade control on the turbine inlet temperature of a turbocharger turbine is presented. The experimental setup used was a hot gas test stand developed for the determination of compressor and turbine characteristic maps of automotive turbochargers. The cascade control consisted of turbine inlet temperature as the outer loop (primary controller), while the propane buffer tank pressure feeding the burner as the inner loop (secondary controller). The propane buffer tank pressure was controlled through pulse width modulation of a solenoid valve connected to a propane cylinder. Temperature control between 500°C and 800°C (which is indicative of engine exhaust temperature) is presented along with the propane pressure control traces. The effect of the propane buffer tank size (which translates to the response time of the inner loop) is discussed. Also discussed is the inclusion of a propane orifice just upstream of the burner to match the increase/decrease rates of propane pressure in the buffer tank. This matching of pressure increase/decrease rates helped in simplifying the control scheme and removed the need for gain scheduling.


In the development of micro-computer applications course,direct access and control of hardware equipment with a specific function in the Windows environment are usually encountered,so the design of equipmentdriver must be faced for the scientists and researches who design computer hardware equipment.This article compared the VxD-driver based on Windows95/98 and the WDM-driver based on Windows98SE/2000/XP in industrial control,and studied the key issues in the design of VxD-driver and WDM-driver.Finally the driver based on the Windows of a DSP control board based on the PCI bus is developed by using DRIVERWORKS in the DRIVERSTUDIO driver development kit to achieve the control of HOST on DSP boards and data transmission based on the driving procedures in the Windows environment.