Seventy‐five new product development projects were studied in ten large companies to test potential strategic and process antecedents to quality. Seven factors were found to significantly increase product quality: high importance placed on quality by top management, high reward for process speed, high project stream breadth, high use of internal (versus external) sources of ideas and technology, low overlap or concurrency of the development process, low turfguarding or "silo" orientation, and high development milestone frequency. These results suggest that managers need to pay attention to both strategic orientation factors and structure‐related organizational capability factors to increase product quality. Staffing‐related factors did not seem to have a strong impact on quality; this suggests that quality is more a function of systemic versus individual factors. Additionally, it was found that there were some differences in the factors associated with high‐quality products between radical and incremental innovations. However, the study is exploratory and further research needs to test these findings as well as extend them to include other interrelationships between factors.


a liquid crystal display panel comprising at least a pair of substrates; and a liquid crystal material disposed therebetween; and projection means comprising an off-axis incident light source.


Several rehabilitation robots for upper limbs have been introduced so far, and their clinical effectiveness has been reported in many studies on recovery of motor abilities in the aged or poststroke patients. These studies, however, found little evidence of improving the functional abilities of patients. Moreover, it has been identified that the main problem of robot-assisted stroke rehabilitation is the lack of motivating and versatile robot-assisted exercises. In this article, we discuss the development of a novel upper limb rehabilitation robot integrated with video games. Our solution is operated via a novel human–computer interface, which stimulates shoulder, elbow movements, and fine finger movements. It is capable to train patients with partially recovered motor control ability. The interface enables therapists to select motivating and engaging motor training exercises represented as video games and specify rehabilitation exercises for patients using a grasping and upper limb interface. The paper presents concept of this novel interface, discusses the implementation issues and demonstrates technical and practical feasibility of our concept through a number of application


Energies of 6s 2 npj (n = 6-9), 6s 2 ns 1/2 (n = 7-9), 6s 2 ndj (n = 6-8), and 6s 2 nf 5/2 (n = 5-6) states in Tl I and Pb II are obtained using relativistic many-body perturbation theory. Reduced matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes are determined for the 72 pos- sible 6s 2 nlj − 6s 2 nl ' ' electric-dipole transitions. Electric-quadrupole and magnetic-dipole matrix elements are evaluated to obtain 6s 2 np3/2 − 6s 2 mp1/2 (n,m = 6,7) transition rates. Hyperfine constants A are evaluated for 6s 2 npj (n = 6-9), 6s 2 ns1/2 (n = 7-9), and 6s 2 ndj (n = 6-8) states in 205 Tl. First-, second-, third-, and all-order corrections to the energies and matrix elements and first- and second-order Breit corrections to energies are calculated. In our implementation of the all-order method, single and double excitations of Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders in perturbation theory. These calculations provide a theoretical benchmark for comparison with experiment and theory.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, as a marker for cellular transformation (transformation), on the recognition of the SCP-1, a protein previously identified. The diagnostic and therapeutic methods of use of the proteins and related molecules are taught. Further, by using the normal cells as a source material, a method of identifying a substance showing a pathological condition an immunoreactive also disclosed.


This document shows how to compute the irradiance of polygonal lights. In contrast to other derivations , this one is based solely on geometric concepts and emphasizes the intuition behind the result.


Investment is a familiar thing, especially for millennials, now investment can be done easily only with a smartphone, through applications on the Google Play Store, you can invest. But these apps have the highest downloads and high ratings on the Google Play Store. Many stock investing apps have nearly the same downloads and ratings, so the title of best app is a problem. Based on this, this sentiment analysis research aims to analyze user feedback of stock investment applications as a variable to determine which stock investment application is the best. This research was conducted by using the comparison of the K-Nearest Neighbor and Decision Tree algorithms. To see the level of accuracy between the 2 algorithms. The research uses google colab tools as data retrieval tools and rapidminer as data preprocessing tools. From this research, resulting in sentiment data, the highest positive sentiment results are the Ajaib Application at 74% and Negative 26%. So it can be concluded that the Ajaib application as the best stock investment application based on user comments reviews where this application has the most positive sentiment reviews with a high accuracy value.


ABSTRACT Since the discovery of Tuscaloosa production at False River field in West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana on May 31, 1975, the Tuscaloosa trend of south central Louisiana has developed into the most active deep exploratory play in the U.S.A. Drilling activity since the discovery of the False River field has resulted in the additional discovery of thirteen Tuscaloosa gas-condensate fields, one Tuscaloosa oil field, three Austin Chalk discoveries, and one Wilcox discovery. As of March 1980, two hundred forty-one permits have been issued by the Louisiana Department of Conservation. Of this number, one hundred nineteen are wildcats which have been drilled or are drilling below a depth of 15,000 ft. The success ratio for wildcats is one of six, or sixteen and two-thirds percent and field extension and development drilling has resulted in a success ratio of one of two, or fifty percent. There are in excess of four million acres under lease in the trend. One hundred twenty-nine thousand, six hundred eighty acres have been placed in Tuscaloosa drilling units by the Louisiana Department of Conservation. Some of the most significant fields discovered along the trend are the False River field, West Baton Rouge Parish; the Moncrief, Judge Digby, and Moore-Sams fields in Pointe Coupee Parish; the Port Hudson, Irene and Profit Island fields in East Baton Rouge Parish; and the Lockhart Crossing field in Livingston Parish, Louisiana. Proven reserves of four trillion cubic feet of gas and four hundred million barrels of condensate have been established. In addition, available seismic and subsurface data indicate the future reserve potential of the Tuscaloosa to be estimated at sixteen trillion cubic feet of gas. A detailed subsurface and stratigraphic study of the existing fields to date should serve as a guide for locating other major reserves along the trend. End_of_Record - Last_Page 33--------


The concept of the circular economy is still poorly communicated and understood. A comparative analysis of the conditions in France and in China in which the concept has been communicated explains the diverse semantic, technical, psychological and behavio


Since the first reports of novel Pneumonia (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China , there has been considerable discussion on the origin of the causative virus, SARS-CoV-23 (also referred to as HCoV-19) (Wu, F. et al.2020). Infections with SARS-CoV-2 are now widespread, and as of 11 March 2020, 121,564 incidents have been verified in more than 110 nations, with 4,373 deaths. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus known to affect human being; SARS-CoV, MERS CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe disease, whereas HKU1, NL63, OC43 and 229E are linked with mild symptoms Purpose : The aim of this study is to gather current literature whilst bringing together the relevant information in a sequential order to identify the routes the virus takes to spread amongst the communities, along with the preventive measure that can be taken to break the chain of spread. Implications: This paper intends to provide a bird eye view on the review of the literature on perspective on the notable features of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and discuss scenarios by which they could have arisen. Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/73-12 Publication date: April 30 th 2020


LibraryThing was founded in August 2005 by Tim Spalding, a freelance Web designer with experience in the publishing industry. Although it began purely as an online tool with which individuals could catalog their personal libraries, the site quickly developed into a full-fledged social network through which members can share book recommendations, compare collections, post book reviews, comment on one another's libraries and reviews, contribute to discussions, participate in author chats, and indulge in other matters of a bookish nature. As of August 2010, LibraryThing boasts over 1.1 million members, over 54 million cataloged books (of which 5.5 million are unique titles), and over 1 million reviews. The most frequently reviewed book is Stephenie Meyer's Twilight (not a big surprise); the author with the largest number of copies in members' personal libraries is J. K. Rowling (no surprise there either). The section labeled Zeitgeist reveals these useful tidbits along with many other facts about the site. Basic membership is free, although anyone wishing to enter more than 200 books will need to upgrade ($10/year, or $25/lifetime). Organizational accounts, such as for small libraries or churches, cost the same. The cataloging feature, the heart of the site, is both straightforward and fun to use. From the "Add Books" page, users can enter details such as title, author, ISBN, or LC card number, add whatever descriptive tags they'd like to assign to a book and choose their copy cataloging source (Amazon.com, Library of Congress, and Amazon UK, for example; there are 690 international sources in all). Clicking on a title in the list of search results will add the book to one's collection. LibraryThing will indicate immediately whether a book is a duplicate entry—handy for people (like me) who own so many books it's hard to remember them all—and list how many other members own copies. Existing books in the system can be searched by title, ISBN, author, and tag. For each book, a wealth of additional information is provided: bibliographic details; alternate titles; editions available; users' average rating; links to reviews; links to other sites like Amazon, WorldCat, Google Books, and more; cover art for multiple editions; and tags that other readers have used


For data errors in distributed financial system caused by multi-system interaction, asynchronous processing and system bug, this paper proposes offline and quasi real-time data reconciliation methods based on the combination of Alibaba big data processing platform and accounting theory. In offline data reconciliation, Full data reconciliation and hour level incremental data reconciliation are introduced. And in quasi real-time data reconciliation, single system and distributed multi-system reconciliation models are introduced. These data reconciliation methods are then verified against 7 million pieces of daily data of the distributed loan system in a financial company. Results show that these methods can complete the financial big data processing, discover the data quality problems timely, and minimize the financial system capital loss.


The design of artificial decision-making systems must be founded on some notion of rationality. Conventional multi-agent decision-making methodologies, such as von Neumann-Morgenstern game theory, are based on the paradigm of individual rationality, which requires decision makers to take the action that is best for themselves, regardless of its effect on other decision makers. Relaxing the demand for the "best possible" decision, however, opens the way to accommodate the preferences of others. Satisficing game theory is a new approach to multi-agent decision making that permits decision makers to adjust their preferences in a controlled way to give consideration to others by permitting conditional preferences whereby a decision maker is able to adjust its preferences as a function of the preferences of others.


The synthesis and pharmacological activity of a new series of 4-aminotriazoles as potent σ1 receptor (σ1R) ligands are reported. The compounds were prepared using a 4-5-step process, involving as a key step a click chemistry reaction between ynamides and azides. The most active compounds exhibited nanomolar potency for the σ1R, and the selectivity over the σ2R was improved on decreasing the central amine basicity. It was concluded that in order to achieve good σ1R potency a minimum lipophilicity was required, while limiting to a defined range of cLogP avoided human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel inhibition. This made the most interesting derivatives to be concentrated in a narrow margin of lipophilicity. Among them, compound 13g exhibited the most potent in vivo antinociceptive properties, which are indicative of its antagonist character.


INTRODUCTION:An ideal dosage form regimen in drug therapy of my disease is the one which
immediately attains the desired therapeutic concentrations of drug in plasma and maintain it
constant for entire duration of treatment.
The drug may administered by variety of routes of dosage forms. The oral route of
drug administration is most popular and has been successfully used for conventional
delivery of drugs. It offers the advantage of convenience, ease of administration, greater
flexibility in dosage forms design, ease of production and low cost. Hence it is adopted
wherever possible. It is propable that at least 90% of all drug is used to produce systemic
effects are administered by oral route.
The dosage forms available for oral administration are liquid like solution,
suspension, emulsion and solids like powders, tablets and capsules. The physical state of
most of the drug being solid which are administered in solid dosage forms.AIM OF WORK:In the present work Lurasidone have been developed as a Bilayer Tablet formulation which
is designed to get the Immediate Release and controlled release for 24 hours.
Psychosis is an abnormal condition of mind that causes people to perceive or interpret
things differently from those around them.
Lurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic that is a D2 and 5-HT2A (mixed serotonin and
dopamine activity) to improve cognition. It reduce the extra pyramidal side effects that are often
associated with typical antipsychotics. It's half life is 18 hrs . Because of short half life and need
of quick onset of action, Bilayered tablets were formulated.
Bilayer Tablet consist of two layers are
1. Immediate Release
2. Sustained Release
When this bilayer tablet swallowed first fast release layer will dissolve immediately and
give the onset of action. The remaining sustained release layer gives the therapeutic activity
slowly until 24th hours.OBJECTIVE OF LURASIDONE TABLET:Lurasidone bilayer tablets were formulated with following objectives
1. To get controlled release.
2. To get quick onset of action.
3. To get quick dissolution of drug.
4. To get more bioavailability.
5. To prevent dose dumping.
6. To access patient compliance.
7. To get dual action.


The hydraulic cyclone, as a hydraulic classifer, has rather good classifying characteristics, but its sharpness of classification is not satisfactory enough when compared with that of the ideal classifer. In this paper, possibilities are discussed of improving the classification efficiency of hydraulic cyclones by combining them in series. The two-stage cyclone employed in the experiment is the combination of three cyclones in which the first stage cyclone (I) is directly connected with two second-stage cyclones, one, in the overflow side (IIo) and the other in the undcrflow side (IIu) as shown in Figure 2.The overflow of IIo cyclone (OO) contains most of the fine particles and the underflow of IIo cyclone (UU) contains coarser particles. The underflow of IIo (OU) and the overflow of IIu cyclonc (UO) consist mainly of particles of intermediate sizes. When the feed material is to be classified into two products, namely fine and coarse products, both OU and UO must be returned to the feed tank and circulated as shown in Figure 3. We call such a system "two-stage cyclone of circulation type."In the former report1), the authors discussed the classification characteristics of one stage hydraulic cychones and represented they in the form of generalized fractional recovery curves. If the fractional recovery curves of all the coyponent cyclones areknown, the classification characteristics of a two-stage cyclone may be estimated from equation (2), where RI, RIIu, and RIIo are the fractional recoveries of I, IIu and IIo cyclones respectively for a certain particle size. The overall fractional recovery (RII) for the two-stage, circulation-type cyclone is defined as in equation (5), and the ratio of accumulation of particles by circulation (λ) as in equation (4). Examples of calculated values of RII andλfor two stage cyclones are shown in Figure 8.Newton's classification efficiencies are caiculated and tabulated in Table 1 which would be obtained when powdered materials, having Rosin-Lammler's type of particle distribution of equation (8), are classified at the cut size of 20 micron by a series of one-and two-stage cyclones, It is concluded from these results that the classifcation efficiency of a hydraulic cyclone may be markedly improved by these methods.


This paper addresses an interesting problem, which is to find top-k L-Regions of a given object in a fact table with multiple dimensions and each dimension has one hierarchy with multiple levels. L-Region is a variant of combination of members from each dimension. To tackle the problem of the large solution space, we propose a materialized strategy called LR-Cube, which balances storage and time overhead by model fitting. The LRAPQuery designed in this paper is a query guaranteeing completeness and uniqueness in checking L-Regions. The experiments show that our proposed method is both feasible and of high efficiency.


The ClinicalTrials.gov registry is a public resource that contains valuable information about clinical research, yet most of the data lacks structure or easy accessibility. We aim to create an interface that allows researchers, trial sponsors, and patients and their physicians to easily understand the state of clinical research on particular conditions or at a specific institution. Ideally this interface would also provide tools that permit users to actively improve the quality of data in the registry so that it is more accessible to the general public.


Acyl-CoA:6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase (AAT), encoded by penDE, catalyze the final step of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway in Penicillium chrysogenum. The 1.1kbp intronless penDE was amplified from P. chrysogenum total RNA by RT-PCR, and cloned into a shuttle vector pUWL201. The recombinant plasmid in which penDE was then located immediately downstream from the ermEp* promoter. was then transformed into S. clavuligerus and successfully produced the AAT. The PDAB and antimicrobial assay indicated that the AAT possessed high activities with 6-APA and phenylacyl-CoA as the substrates.


Schottky contacts of Pt(111) and Au(111) were deposited on chemical-vapor-cleaned, n-type GaN(0001) thin films. The growth mode of the deposition, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, followed the two-dimensional Frank–van der Merwe growth model. The resulting as-deposited metal films were monocrystalline and epitaxial with a (111)//(0002) relationship with the GaN. Selected samples were annealed for three minutes at 400 °C, 600 °C or 800 °C. The rectifying behavior of both contacts degraded at 400 °C; they became ohmic after annealing at 600 °C (Au) or 800 °C (Pt). High-resolution transmission electron micrographs revealed reactions at the metal/GaN interfaces for the higher temperature samples. X-ray diffraction results revealed an unidentified phase in the Pt sample annealed at 800 °C. A decrease in the room temperature in-plane (111) lattice constant for both metals, ranging from −0.1% to −0.5%, was observed as the annealing temperature was increased from 400 to 800 °C. This pla...


Typical plasma characteristics of the plasma spray-physical vapour deposition (PS-PVD) process were investigated by optical emission spectroscopy. Electron temperatures were determined by Boltzmann plots while temperatures of the heavy species as well as electron densities were obtained by broadening analysis of spectral lines. The results show how the plasma properties and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are affected by the admixture of hydrogen and the ambient chamber pressure. Some experimental examples of PS-PVD coatings demonstrate the impact on feedstock treatment and deposited microstructures.


Small hemoproteins displaying amino acid sequences 20–40 residues shorter than (non‐)vertebrate hemoglobins (Hbs) have recently been identified in several pathogenic and non‐pathogenic unicellular organisms, and named 'truncated hemoglobins' (trHbs). They have been proposed to be involved not only in oxygen transport but also in other biological functions, such as protection against reactive nitrogen species, photosynthesis or to act as terminal oxidases. Crystal structures of trHbs from the ciliated protozoan Paramecium caudatum and the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas eugametos show that the tertiary structure of both proteins is based on a 'two‐over‐two' α‐helical sandwich, reflecting an unprecedented editing of the classical 'three‐over‐three' α‐helical globin fold. Based on specific Gly–Gly motifs the tertiary structure accommodates the deletion of the N‐terminal A‐helix and replacement of the crucial heme‐binding F‐helix with an extended polypeptide loop. Additionally, concerted structural modifications allow burying of the heme group and define the distal site, which hosts a TyrB10, GlnE7 residue pair. A set of structural and amino acid sequence consensus rules for stabilizing the fold and the bound heme in the trHbs homology subfamily is deduced.


Widespread usage data for "know," "learn," "see," "remember," and other epistemic words are given. Such words are routinely and literally applied to animals ranging from sophisticated elephants and orcas to insects like ants and honeybees to nonconscious mechanisms like driverless cars, drones, and thermostats. Further, "S knows p" places no constraints on the agent S vis-à-vis the concepts exhibited in p: Rover need not have the concept of "cat" to know that a cat is trapped above him in a tree. How this data shows that a knowing agent need not know much, need not be self-conscious of what she knows, and need not be conscious or capable of metacognition is described. The modularity of agential knowledge is characterized: two agents may have the same sensory evidence for p, and yet one can know p while the other doesn't because of other aspects of their methods for establishing p.


Freight transport accounts for 8-15% of total traffic flow in urban areas within the European Union. Majority of these deliveries are undertaken by diesel powered vehicles with extremely disproportionate levels of CO2, NOx and particulate matter emissions. Accordingly, previous studies have identified the use of consolidation centres (UCCs) within urban areas as a viable solution for reducing environmental and social impacts within cities. This paper progresses the discourse on UCCs as a viable strategic options for addressing sustainability concerns in urban logistics, by undertaking a review of current cases in the field and highlighting critical success factor for the successful implementation of UCCs and for their long term sustainability.


BM‐MSCs are used in numerous clinical applications, including regenerative medicine.[2] Since MSCs are a rare cell population in the BM, one should expand these cells for clinical applications. It is generally believed that reduced oxygen tension by in vivo transplantation plays a critical role in the success of implantation, and more specifically, cell survival and expansion.[3] However, BM‐MSCs are shown to have excellent expansion when grown in hypoxic conditions.[4] This observation, indeed, questions the common belief on the importance of oxygen treatment for BM‐MSC proliferation.[5,6]


We present 19 nearby (z < 0.3) 3CR radio galaxies imaged at low and high excitation as part of a Cycle 15 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) snapshot survey with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). These images consist of exposures of the Hα (6563 Å, plus [N ii] contamination) and [O iii]λ5007 emission lines using narrowband linear ramp filters adjusted according to the redshift of the target. To facilitate continuum subtraction, a single-pointing 60 s line-free exposure was taken with a mediumband filter appropriate for the target's redshift. We discuss the steps taken to reduce these images independently of the automated recalibration pipeline so as to use more recent ACS flat-field data as well as to better reject cosmic rays. We describe the method used to produce continuum-free (pure line-emission) images, and present these images along with qualitative descriptions of the narrow-line region morphologies we observe. We present Hα+[N ii] and [O iii] line fluxes from aperture photometry, finding the values to fall expectedly on the redshift–luminosity trend from a past HST/WFPC2 emission line study of a larger, generally higher redshift subset of the 3CR. We also find expected trends between emission line luminosity and total radio power, as well as a positive correlation between the size of the emission line region and redshift. We discuss the associated interpretation of these results, and conclude with a summary of future work enabled by this data set.


This article explores how the skills used to plan and write a persuasive resume are transferable to drafting a persuasive brief. If writers can see the parallels between successful brief writing and persuasive writing in a familiar activity like resume drafting, it should be easier for them to navigate the process successfully.


We report a theroetical prediction of a new feature in the spectrum of light scattered from a fluid in a nonequilibrium stationary state with a temperature gradient. The spectrum is not symmetric in the frequency shift and the Brillouin components have different intensities. The phenomenon is linked to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry and to the appearance of a static correlation function between momentum and number densities which is zero in equilibrium, but has a $\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}$ dependence in the stationary state. We suggest a light scattering experiment by means of which these predictions can be verified.


In article the role and a place of regions in innovative development of the country, the purpose of regional innovative policy, the factors having impact on formation of regional innovative potential is considered.


The bulk of the dry matter of plants is composed of a variety of organic compounds. Production of organic matter and flow of energy in an ecosystem are influenced by availability of nutrients and water. In a plant the amount of carbon and oxygen fluctuates around 45% each and hydrogen 5%. The percentage of nitrogen is extremely variable i.e. 1-10% depending on the organ analyzed and its development stage. The remaining elements may be collectively considered as constituents of the plant ash in as much as they are not lost by heating the dry matter. Plant ash usually represents about 50% of the total dry matter of plants but in certain tissues e.g. wood, the amount may be as low as 1.0% or even lesser amount (Thomas et al., 1973).


The interference corrosion of external steel structures located next to cathodically protected (CP) systems was evaluated based on electric field theory of stable currents. The parameters in the evaluation were from (1) peripheral electrical field modeling of CP systems, (2) location of external structures,and (3) polarization of the surface of metal structures. The equations of potential shift on structures were derived in typical cases,such as on pipes near the CP pipeline,or surface structures near the CP storage tanks or well casing. An example was given for a complex CP system. The interference potential and current density on pipeline near several CP storage tanks were calculated analytically,and the results were agreement those by numerical methods.


Based on the Monte Carlo simulation,the difference degree between Gauss distribution and the probability distributions of the steady-state responses of sliding systems with linear restoring force,to Gauss white noises,is quantitatively researched.Simulation results show that the probability distributions of the steady-state responses of sliding systems have symmetry;when the excitation intensity and self-vibration frequency of the systems are smaller and the friction coefficient is bigger,the probability distribution of the steady-state displacement approaches the normal distribution;and the one of the steadystate velocity approach the normal distribution is far from the normal distribution.


Annotation. A comparative analysis of the psychophysiological features of skilled basketball players with normal hearing and impaired hearing aid. The study involved two women's basketball team to 12 people each. The study used a complex computer psychodiagnosis. The complex includes 20 psychophysiological and 18 personal psychological tests. The indicators of the time simple and complex reaction and average tapping test healthy skilled basketball players and basketball players are hearing impaired. There was a significant higher rates of visual-motor speed and reaction-tapping test in basketball players with hearing compared to healthy athletes. This is explained by compensatory mechanisms that occur in connection with the violation of the audition.


Bronchial lavage in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is used frequently in a few centers, occasionally in some, and never in many. There is no clear understanding of the situations in which it can be effective, of the best means of performing it, or of i t s effectiveness in treating patients with CF. A limited personal experience in a few very ill patients has shown no clear benefit. These patients received bronchial lavage either at their own request or at the request of their families or primary physicians. The issue of bronchial lavage is always difficult under these circumstances. The patients are very ill, the procedure clearly entails some risk, and the benefits are unclear. Alternatively, there is a desire to continue to battle with the patient against the disease, to give evidence that we have not given up. that we will do everything reasonable. But, is bronchial lavage reasonable? The following review is meant to state the current knowledge and to suggest the need for and direction of future studies. Until the appropriate studies are done, bronchial lavage cannot take its appropriate position in or out of our therapeutic approach to CF, and the decision to use or not to use it will be based on subjective feelings, not objective data.


This paper discusses some of the current strategies in the Victorian public sector to implement land and geographic information systems (LIS/GIS), the desirability of both the private sector and th...


ISSN 0921-0210 The Institute of Social Studies is Europe's longest-established centre of higher education and research in development studies. Post-graduate teaching programmes range from six-week diploma courses to the PhD programme. Research at ISS is fundamental in the sense of laying a scientific basis for the formulation of appropriate development policies. The academic work of ISS is disseminated in the form of books, journal articles, teaching texts, monographs and working papers. The Working Paper series provides a forum for work in progress which seeks to elicit comments and generate discussion. The series includes academic research by staff, PhD participants and visiting fellows, and award-winning research papers by graduate students. Working Papers are available in electronic format at www.iss.nl/workingpapers.


In 1997, during a re-organization of storage within the Textiles/Fashion Department at Manchester Metropolitan University, a small collection of early European printed textiles was rediscovered. 1 Seemingly, the earliest of the group was a small fragment of indigo-dyed linen, block printed and decorated with gold leaf. The design of this fragment is composed of isolated motifs representing a duck, a stag and a floriated scroll. The style and material bear a resemblance to some printed textiles held in other collections, once identified as fourteenth century Rhineland work. These are now known to have been manufactured in imitation of hypothetical medieval precedents, and put on the market in the late nineteenth century as genuine. Close observation has confirmed that the Metropolitan University example is amongst these imitations (Figs. I and 2, colour, PI. II). It was Donald King who first identified and correctly dated this set of printed textiles. In 1962, he presented a study of the origins of textile printing in Europe based on the examination of about 120 printed textiles published during the previous 100 years in writings about European works of the medieval and Renaissance periods. He was able to divide these textiles into two groups. The larger group contained about 80 pieces, at least 50 of which were said to have come from the Rhineland. These he called the 'Rhenish' group. The rest came from widely separated points in a number of countries, and were for convenience distinguished as the 'International' group. Patterns of the International group are invariably printed in only one colour, usually black, with any further colours added with a brush. Sometimes decorative bands and borders are printed in a second colour, generally red, but these are separate from the main pattern. Prints of the Rhenish group, on the other hand, aim at more luxurious effects. The ground materials are usually dyed, and in nearly half the specimens they are of silk. The Rhenish group includes 12 patterns printed in gold and 20 in silver, as against only two or three such prints in the International group. I<ing noted that despite the greater richness of their materials, the Rhenish printers were less technically proficient than their International counterparts. Owing to variations in the inking of the block or in the pressure applied in printing, adjacent impressions on the textile are frequently unequal in strength, and they are often badly aligned. In the International group irregularities of this kind are hardly ever present. The difference between the two groups is also notable in the cutting of the blocks. The Rhenish patterns are cut on very small blocks, several of which are sometimes used together to make a single design. By contrast, the designs of the International group are cut on a single block significantly larger in size. A particularly striking difference is that the International blocks are cut so as to print the background with the pattern showing in reserve. Returning to the Metropolitan University example, it can be seen to bear all


Utilization of industrial wastes and by-products has emerged as new scope for sustainable development of concrete along with combating the major issues as depletion of the natural resources, disposal issue of solid wastes and demand of fast growing population in the world. The present work experimentally investigated the influence of partially replacing fly ash (FA) as binder and granular blast furnace slag (GBFS) as fine aggregate separately and in combined form on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Eight series of concrete mixes were prepared as control mix, single blended mixes and combined blended mixes by weight batching. Single blended concrete mixes were prepared by different percentages of FA (20%, 30% and 40%) and 50% GBFS while combined blended concrete mixes by 50% GBFS with 20, 30 and 40% of FA respectively. Concrete mixes were evaluated for workability and compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexure strength after 7, 28 , 60 and 90 days, respectively. The test results indicated that strength of single blended mixes shows degradation in strength as compared to control mix while combined blending of fly ashes more than 20% with 50% GBFS improves the strength with respect to single blended mix at all ages. It is therefore suggested that concrete mix made with combined blending can be effectively practiced in concrete with acceptance of marginal loss in strength as utilization must be considered as first criteria than strength for sustainability perspective. Moreover, validation of test data with various codes and formulation indicates that the relationship between compressive strength with split tensile strength and flexure strength for concrete mixes containing GBFS and fly ash is similar to the conventional concrete. Such concrete mixes not only will enhance the volume of waste utilization but also reflect the interactive effect of wastes on the strength development, thrusting sustainable development of concrete.


Working Paper No. 89 is published as "Fiscal Containment and Local Government Finance in the U.K.". In Edward M. Gramlich and Bengt-Christer Ysander (eds.), Control of Local Covernment. IUI Conference Reports 1985:1. Stockholm: Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research, 1985.


Fourteen systemic insecticides administered orally to guinea pigs caused complete mortality of oriental rat fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), without noticeably affecting the guinea pigs.. Six other compounds killed all the fleas but also killed the guinea pigs. Nine compounds killed 50-95% of the fleas, but 4 of them killed the guinea pigs at the same dose. Eighty-six other compounds were ineffective as oral systemic insecticides against oriental rat fleas.


Abstract Treatment of chiral amino alcohols 1 with an excess of formaldehyde followed by reaction with NaOH at room temperature provides optically active C2-symmetric W,JV'-methylenebisoxazolidines 2 in high yield.


We developed a combined method for forecasting of the process of occurrence of emergency situations of a natural character. In contrast with other methods, it makes it possible to perform a complex forecasting of emergency situations, both in general and by types, taking into consideration trends of periodic changes in the process. We considered a number of emergencies for a certain period of time as a generalized parameter of the process. Taking into consideration an influence impact of all destabilizing factors, we should present the process in the form of an additive mixture of systematic, periodic, and random components. The systematic component is a polynomial of some degree. We performed detection and assessment of the periodic component based on the statistical criterion, which subordinates to the chi-square distribution. We used the method of group consideration of arguments to forecast the random component. We should carry out forecasting of emergency situations by type by the probabilistic-statistical method of forecasting. The need to develop a combined forecasting method appears is due to that the existing methods for forecasting of emergency situations focus mainly on forecasting of certain types of emergency situations. Existing methods do not solve the problem of complex forecasting of emergency situations. We should also note that the presence of periodic components of an arbitrary form is characteristic for the process of occurrence of natural emergencies. Consideration of such components in the forecasting of emergency situations makes analysis of the processes of occurrence and development of emergency situations deeper. In the process of experimental studies, we found that the use of the combined method makes it possible to perform forecasting of emergency situations at least a year ahead with a relative forecast error of no more than three percent. The combined method combines the regression analysis method, the method of verification of statistical hypotheses and the method of group consideration of argument. This proves usefulness and expedience of the method. That makes it possible to compensate disadvantages of some methods using other methods, which would lead to the improvement of forecast accuracy


THESE TWO PAPERS are strikingly different in scope, yet they complement each other and together help us take stock of where we are in relation to on-going research pertaining to family casework on behalf of children and to the pressing questions that demand future research effort. Dr. Beck, in her report of relevant research material from diverse sources, shows a catholicity of interest and concern. Dr. Regensburg, in keeping with her assignment, sharply focuses her comments upon the more intramural concerns of the voluntary family agency. She reminds us implicitly and explicitly that we ought not to lose sight of the specific responsibility at hand even though we may draw on knowledge accumulated from many professions. Our main task, she believes, is to develop integrative conceptual theory and empirical research which particularly meet the needs of the casework practitioner group. She succeeds in posing these questions in a nonparochial way. Dr. Beck includes in her presentation a number of instruments and methodological approaches to our problems which have thus far been fairly alien to our experience. The use of screening instruments for locating particularly vulnerable subgroups in the population is an example of the kind of device that is relatively new to the family casework field but which, if proven effective, would provide a means for pinpointing most needful groups and for making resources available to them. Of interest too is Dr. Beck's comprehensive report of the research activities in family agencies. The spread of these projects and the experimental spirit (if not methodology) that characterizes them come as a pleasant surprise to those of us who have seen only occasional reports of these activities. It seems that dynamic currents are being set into motion. Agencies are having to develop new and more effective treatment techniques in the face of increasing community demands for service in relation to problems stemming from the turbulent, fast-moving forces in today's world. Dr. Beck's report also illustrates the uneven character of the research operations that are going on, a great many of them on a "do-it-yourself" basis. There is no gainsaying the fact that much of this research activity is haphazard and unrelated to the major task of theory-building. The overall impact, however, is encouraging, since we appear to be witnessing the creation of an atmosphere in which research activity is being recognized as a vi tal professional responsibility. Also of value is Dr. Regensburg's listing of substantive practice problems facing the voluntary family agency as it considers its responsibility with respect to casework services offered in the interest of children. Agencies are faced with the task of making certain choices as to who is to be offered direct and indirect service, the nature of the help offered, and the professional qualifications required of the persons who will carryon various therapeutic assignments. Undoubtedly, concern about these "choicepoints" was one of the major reasons for calling this conference. I should like to present some of my own ideas about the kind of research tasks that should be undertaken. 1. Since it seems that the largest number of children from infancy through twelve years of age who need casework help can best be helped indirectly through work with their parents, this area should have high priority. There is considerable evidence that problems of child disturbances are related to problems of marital conflict; and we have every reason to believe that marital problems will be the core area of work of the voluntary family agency in the future as it is at present. It is disappointing to find so relatively little research in social work and in the social sciences which focuses on the impact of marital conflict on the emotional well-being of children. If, as has been stated by Dr. Blain of the American Psychiatric Association, the social agency has a major "trouble-shooting" role in the over-all battle against mental illness, it would seem that a major investment


With the development of multi-autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) cooperative systems, the evaluation of their reliability is becoming more and more important. Since AUVs are always in motion, the reliability of the system is not stationary, but it varies with time. This paper studies the time-varying reliability evaluation indexes for multi-AUV cooperative systems. Aimed at elucidating the characteristics of the system, by considering the motion of the AUVs, two time dependent reliability evaluation indexes, natural connectivity and all-terminal reliability of the basic reliability indexes, are determined with the graph theory. Then the time-varying reliability of multi-AUV cooperative systems is evaluated combining with an actual example. This paper provides a method to evaluate the time-varying reliability of multi-AUV cooperative systems.


This paper investigates the cogency of Rawls's hostility towards 'welfare-state capitalism' and his advocacy of 'property-owning democracy' as an alternative to capitalism. I argue that the strongest arguments in support of property-owning democracy are connected to the demands of Rawls's difference principle. I further argue that Rawls's overall argument against the acceptability of 'welfarestate capitalism' is ultimately successful, but it is best understood in relation to his account of the badness of inequality. I nevertheless raise a number of problems for those lines of argument for 'property-owning democracy' that work through the principles of fair equality of opportunity or of fair value of the political liberties.


This paper will identify and analyse contemporary processes of border-making and border permeability through the sonification and identification of mathematical and cultural morphologies of border forms. The paper will explore the historical and mathematical paradoxes of borders, their role in today's global environment and the ways in which sonification can help delineate and expose their origins, not only territorial, geographical, and political borders, but also cultural, metaphorical and geological borders. The author will present a range of re-mediations from geometry to sound, showing how ideologies and cultures overlap and compete through border construction. Above all, the logical impossibility of many borders will be laid bare.


In this article I will propose a new analysis of depictive secondary predication structures. Previous studies of these structures are framed within different approaches: C-command / categorial approaches (Williams 1980, Rothstein 1983, 2001, Demonte 1988, Mallén 1991, Bowers 1993, among others), C-command and Multiple Agree approaches (McNulty 1988, Irimia 2012), linearization after 'Lateral Movement' and attachment of identical eventive heads (Gallar 2017), or Parallel-Merge approaches (Irimia 2012, You 2016). Following Chomsky (2019) and Bošković (2020), among others, I will claim here, first, that adjunct depictive secondary predicates start as members of a Pair-MERGE(d) conjunction/ adjunction structure which is unlabeled. There are as many members of these pair merged phrases as modifiers in a sentence, and they are unbounded and unstructured. Pair merged structures are in principle opaque and non-sensible to syntactic operations. However, since they are semantically and syntactically conjoined phrases they have each a Link element. This Link merges at the edge of the phase at which the modifier is conjoined thus allowing extraction out of the opaque domain. I will suggest that perhaps Tagalog expresses overtly these links. I will previously present a detailed description of the properties of DPS in Spanish


The practical part of my work deals with the measurement of noise emissions on selected migration objects situated on highway D11. Specifically it is ecoducts Volec and Žehuň and underpasses Chýsť and Kanin. This theme is strongly tied to the fragmentation of the landscape and it is also one, about its importance, development and prognosis. It is an essential subject for proper application overpasses, underpasses and effectively minimize fragmentation of the landscape. The practical part deals with the measurement of noise on the foregoing objects in the Czech Republic. The noise terms are evaluated their strengths, weaknesses and comparison. Each building is photographically documented by noise map.


Over 200,000 whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 have been determined for viruses isolated from around the world. These sequences have been critical for understanding the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Using global phylogenomics, we show that mutations frequently occur in the C-terminal end of ORF7a. We have isolated one of these mutant viruses from a patient sample and used viral challenge experiments to demonstrate that {Delta}115 mutation results in a growth defect. ORF7a has been implicated in immune modulation, and we show that the C-terminal truncation results in distinct changes in interferon-stimulated gene expression. Collectively, this work indicates that ORF7a mutations occur frequently and that these changes affect viral mechanisms responsible for suppressing the immune response.


In this investigation, the currents in Eastern Indonesian region are simulated by using the equations of motion (Navier-Stokes Equation). These equations are solved by the Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM). Two cases are carried out, i.e. in the condition of west monsoon (February 1994) and east monsoon (August 1994). The simulation results are discussed for surface current, currents at 100-200 m, and the bottom current. In general, the results obtained agrees well with the work of Wyrtki, 1961 and Ahmat et al., 1995, but less with the work of Gordon and McClean, 1999.


ABSTRACTAim The delineation of regions is a critical procedure in biogeography, butthere is still no consensus about the best approach. Traditionally, a composi-tional dissimilarity index and a clustering algorithm are used to partition loca-tions into regions. However, the choice of index and algorithm may have aprofound impact on the final result, particularly when locations display differ-ent levels of species richness and when they are nested within each other. Ourobjective was to estimate the influence of species nestedness among locationson the delineation of biogeographical regions.Location As a case study, we used coral reef fishes (families Chaetodontidae,Pomacentridae and Labridae) from the Indo-Pacific, where a large richnessgradient extends, often as a series of nested assemblages, from the species-richIndo-Australian Archipelago (Coral Triangle) to species-poor peripherallocations.Methods We used the turnover and nestedness components of the Sorensenand Jaccard dissimilarity indices to estimate the effect of nestedness on thedelineation of biogeographical regions. In addition, we compared the resultswith those obtained using a parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE).Results Low Mantel correlation values revealed that the PAE methodassembled locations in a very different way than methods based on dissimilarityindices for Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. We also found that nestedness mat-tered when delineating biogeographical units because, for both the Sorensenand the Jaccard indices, reef fish assemblages were grouped differently depend-ing on whether we used the turnover component of each index or the completeindex, including the nestedness component. The turnover component ignoredvariation in species richness attributable to differences in habitat area betweenlocations, and permitted a delineation based solely on species replacement.Main conclusions We demonstrate that the choice of the component used tomeasure dissimilarity between species assemblages is critical, because it maystrongly influence regional delineations, at least for Indo-Pacific coral reeffishes. We conclude that the two components of the dissimilarity indices canreveal complementary insights into the role that history may have played inshaping extant patterns of biodiversity.Keywordsb-diversity, Coral Triangle, delineation, dissimilarity, Indo-Australian Archi-pelago, nestedness, PAE, partitioning, reef fish assemblages, turnover.2228


We present hybrid quantum chemical−molecular dynamics computations on 15 partially hydrated proteins that support the view that the fluorescence wavelength maximum of a tryptophan (Trp) in a protein is determined almost entirely by the local electric field projection along the long axis of the indole ring, that is to say, an internal Stark effect. The response is 1.3 × 106 V cm-1/nm, with a shift to longer wavelength when the field forces electrons from the pyrrole to the benzene ring. Of 20 Trps simulated, representing a range of exposure to solvent, 15 are predicted within 10 nm of the experimental value. The findings should greatly aid the important task of finding effective methods for computing electrostatic fields and potentials within proteins.


The objective was integrating the knowledge genetic and environmental factors that impact on milk production (MP) of the doe and its effect in the survival a...


This article provides insights on how German and Ukrainian public sector employees perceive and position themselves towards current eGovernment initiatives. After presenting the academic literature on the roles of individual public servants in transformative change processes in public administration, the eGovernment approaches followed by Germany and Ukraine are explained. The results of a survey (n = 74) conducted among public servants in both countries provide information on their perceived contribution to and participation in the digitisation of government service delivery, as well as reasons and causes for motivation or frustration in this context. By analysing the survey responses and identifying potential impediments of successful eGovernment implementation, the authors provide recommendations for action for executives that drive digital transformation, such as organising tool-specific training and Single Points of Contact for employees after introducing new processes and software, adjusting educational programmes for new public servants, and establishing a feedback and knowledge-sharing culture when creating new e-services.


Endonuclease G (EndoG) is an apoptotic nuclease involved in nucleosomal fragmentation of DNA. Here we expressed and purified the human EndoG in Escherichia coli with the use of pET expression vector. Recombinant human EndoG initiated single strand breaks in plasmids, and the accumulation of nicks resulted in the double strand breaks of DNA. In this study, histidine residues involved in the catalytic activity of human EndoG have been characterized. Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) modification and hydroxylamine restoration assay indicated that histidine residues were responsible for the catalysis of human EndoG. A survey of the ββα-Me finger and H-N-H nuclease, it was noticed that a good structural superposition in the H-N-H region could be achieved for NucA (1ZM8), I-PpoI (1A73), Colicin E9 (1XBI), m5C-specific REase McrA, and T4 endonuclase VII (1EN7). The site-directed mutants of H-N-H motif of EndoG were further constructed and analyzed by kinetic studies. Kinetic analysis indicated that replacement of histidine-141, aspasragine-163, and aspasragine-172 with alanine residue, resulted in a drastic reduction on catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km). These results suggested that H141, N163 and N172 were critical for catalysis. The enzyme activity of wild-type EndoG was inhibited at higher magnesium concentration. EndoG mutants shared similar profiles with wild-type EndoG. However, H141A and E271A achieved the maximal activity at a 60-fold higher magnesium concentration than wild-type EndoG. These findings suggested that magnesium ion might be coordinated by His141 and E271A of human EndoG. Because EndoG has been proved to exhibit the a sequence-specific cleavage activity, we further analyzed the EndoG mutants of H141A, N163A, and N172A in the a sequence cleavage. These results indicated that H141, N163 and N172 were critical for substrate specificity. Taken together, our data suggested that the H-N-H motif is present in human EndoG, the domain H-N-H of human EndoG performed magnesium binding and specificity of cutting function.


Possibility to compete effectively in the growing global market is mostly affected by costs, quality and time. Information helping to make management decisions in new business environment became particularly important. The possibility to estimate how many costs will incur not only in acquisition stage but in other stages also helps to survive in competitive environment and forces of competitive advantage stimulate company to minimize costs, especially tangible movable asset. Because downtime become more and more expensive, companies seek to maximize operation time of the asset by using strategies of optimal maintenance or by managing operational costs. This article describes how the model of tangible movable asset operation costs management helps to estimate critical cost elements in a simply way. This information can be used for costs management, for the purpose of increase of costs efficiency and company's profitability.


Multiview analysis of scenes includes the study of sceneindependent constraints satisfied by a configuration of cameras for all types of scenes as well as the study of viewindependent constraints satisfied by any camera on a configuration of points. In this paper, we derive new constraints involving configurations of points that move with constant velocity, with constant acceleration, and for unconstrained planar motion. We show how these constraints can be applied to problems like motion recognition, frame alignment, etc.


A new, optimal thermal-based adaptive frequency control (OTC) for a bidirectional DC–DC converter with full-range zero-voltage switching (ZVS) is presented in this paper. The proposed OTC achieves ZVS for a bidirectional DC–DC converter without any zero-crossing detection (ZCD) circuit or current sensor. In order to ensure a ZVS over a wide voltage and load range, the optimal switching frequency was adjusted by detecting and tracking the lowest junction temperature of the semiconductor device. Because the proposed OTC does not need a ZCD circuit, the complexity of the circuit and the susceptibility of the sampling noise are reduced. Additionally, compared with the expensive current sensor, the proposed method of temperature detection by the NTC thermistor decreases the cost. In addition, the proposed OTC does not need accurate circuit parameters and voltage or current sampling results, so the dependence on the parameters is reduced. Moreover, the temperature of the switch is directly monitored in the proposed OTC, which can effectively protect the device. A prototype with 16–32 V input and 48 V output was built, and the experiment results prove the effectiveness and feasibility of it.


Introduction: Continuous Care Model has been designed and evaluated in relation to patients with chronic coronary artery disease by Ahmadi in 2001. This model consists of four stages of integration: orientation, sensitization, control, and evaluation. This review article aimed to introduce a continuous care model, approaches and perspective model, and explain the results of the articles which used this model. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching care model, continuous care and continuous care model key words in various data bases such as ISI, Sid, Iran Medex, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Proquest from 2001 to 2018. Some of these articles were excluded from the study in case of restricted access to full text of article or unrelated results. Finally, 31 articles were selected and used in this study. Results: The follow up care model has been studied to review the related articles. Introducing the model and explaining the steps included familiarity with the follow up care model, the basic functions of the follow up care model, the stages of implementation of the follow up care model, the stages of familiarization, the sensitization step, the control stage and evaluation stage. Discussion and Conclusion: A Continuous Care Model is a model in which continuous education and care are the basis of its work. In this process, the effective interaction between caregivers, the patient and the family is significant to lead the mutual understanding and acceptance. Furthermore, the positive effect of this model on investigated cases has been reported in majority of studies.


As anyone who saw the opening or closing ceremonies of the Olympics knows, symbols and images matter. We all create images of ourselves to nurture and support us through our difficulties. Here Jeff Power explores this remarkable realm. (editor abstract)


An overview of a reliable cross-link communication system using multiple low-Earth-orbit satellites is presented, covering the overall network concept, data packet routing, communication techniques including antenna subsystems, communication parameter tradeoffs, signal processing, and the overall radio design concept definition. The critical issue addressed is the maximum cross-link distance coverage obtained under stressed conditions by utilizing an optimal coding technique for a given prime power of the satellite. >


The Kobayashi Potential (KP) is an analytical technique used for solving mixed boundary geometrical problems. In this paper scattering by a 2D dielectric filled rectangular crack on a ground plane, coated by a dielectric layer for TM case is studied using KP method. The fields in three distinctive regions of the geometry are expressed in terms of Bessel eigenfunctions. The problem is reduced to a system of equations involving summations with an infinite number of unknown coefficients. By applying Weber-Schafheitlin discontinuous integrals, the summations truncated with high numerical accuracy. We employ finite element method (FEM) for validation of our method. Finally, the influence of coating dielectric layer is investigated on the scattered field. This technique could open practical means for non destructive testing in Terahertz frequency region.


Liquid crystal (LC) based spatial light modulators (SLM) offer a low cost alternative to the expensive deformable mirrors used in most adaptive optics systems. Real time correction of simulated atmospheric turbulence is demonstrated. The corrective element is a 10 by 10 pixel ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) SLM. An improvement in the Strehl ratio from 23% to 33% with a frame rate of 6Hz was demonstrated. A nematic liquid crystal (NLC) SLM was used to generate realistic atmospheric turbulence.


The current study attempts to investigate the predictive validities of the risk assessment tools that are currently being used in juvenile probation and parole in Korea. Since 2016, MOJ(Ministry of Justice) has used the JDRAI-S and JDRAI-D for a different purpose; JDRAI-S has been in use for the purpose of risk classification of juvenile delinquents while JDRAI-D has been utilized for case planning of juvenile probationers and parolees. With the two risk assessment tools being rolled out, concerns have been expressed over the predictive validity of the tools among the practitioners. More importantly, Probation officers have expressed the need to integrate the two different tools into a single, integrated risk assessment tool. Against this backdrop, the current study examines the predictive validities of JDRAI-S and JDRAI-D, and also investigates the possibility that a new tool could be constructed and demonstrate a good level of predictive validity. The results of the current study show that the two current risk assessment tools fail to demonstrate adequate levels of predictive validity. A series of ROC analyses showed that JDRAI-S has the value of AUC .64 and JDRAI-D has the value of AUC .61. Specially the predictive validity of JDRAI-D has posed a serious concern, because many items included in JDRAI-D have been shown not to be associated with recidivism. The second part of the study shows promising results. The newly constructed risk assessment tool, named as JDRAI-Ⅱ, demonstrates a very good level of predictive validity with the value of AUC .73. In addition, the sub factors of JDRAI-Ⅱ also show a good level of consistency and validity. At the end of the study, the authors provide some useful tips for future research and practices.


Researches on the fracmemristor have aroused increasing interest in the last several years, but there are no reports on design of the discrete fracmemristor. Based on the fractional-order difference and the mathematical model of the charge-controlled memristor, the discrete fracmemristor is designed where the amount of charge is determined by a fractional-order discrete system. In the numerical simulations, it shows that the pinched hysteresis loops are observed, which imply that the proposed memristor satisfies the definition of the memristor. As an application, the fracmemristor sine map is designed, and multistability is observed regarding the initial conditions of both the memristor and system. It provides a potential model for different applications such as cellular neural networks, modulators, sensors, chaotic systems, and programmable digital circuits.


Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L. (Rosales: Cannabaceae)) is a newly legalized crop and requires deeper insights on its pest communities. Here we identified the thrips species affecting indoor grown cannabis in Canada and tested its impact on plant yield. We used three levels of initial infestation (0, 1, and 5 thrips) on individual plants grown in two mediums: normal substrate or substrate containing the biostimulant Bacillus pumilus, Meyer and Gottheil (Bacillales: Bacillaceae). We found that the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is proliferating in indoor grown cannabis. Furthermore, our results showed fresh yields were higher for the plants that initially received zero thrips compared to those who initially received five thrips. Moreover, the biostimulant had only a marginal effect on the reduction of the thrips' impacts. We highlight the importance for growers to carefully monitor thrips infestations in indoor grown cannabis. Finally, we emphasize the need for more research regarding the impact of pests on cannabis yields and safe means of pest control for this strictly regulated crop.


This article gives a brief discussiion of the most popular theories of quasars. Quasars are important because they are the most powerful source of energy in the entire universe. Their spectral lines are red shifted which leads most astronomers to believe that they are distant objects. In fact, they are believed to be a type of galaxy. First results of the chemical composition from the study of emission lines study have suggested the same mixture of chemical elements as in galactic nuclei. This gives weight to the idea that quasars and galaxies are members of the same family. It is believed that the energy of quasars is gravitational. Extracting gravitational energy from matter involves a super massive black hole. It is hoped that studing quasars will help to answer important questions of whether universe will expand forever to re-contract, and whether it has infinite or finite extent. (SC)


The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the monoclinic modification of the semiconductor crystal ZnP2 (β-ZnP 2 ) are studied under high, intermediate, and low laser excitation intensities at liquid helium temperature. Under high excitation intensities the inverse hydrogenlike M-series was observed. It is symmetrical with the hydrogen-like excitonic series. This M-series is due to the two-electron transitions from the excitonic molecule (biexciton) state to the ground, excited, and ionized excitonic states. The binding energy of the biexciton in β-ZnP 2 is determined as Δ bex = 14.9 meV (0.32 of exciton Rydberg). Under intermediate excitation intensities another G-band appears in the PL spectrum of β-ZnP 2 . This band is interpreted as a result of two-photon annihilation of free excitonic molecules in the gas phase. A narrow C-line appears in the PL spectrum under intermediate excitation intensities, too. The analysis of the temperature dependence of the C-line intensity allows us to assume this line to be the result of two-photon annihilation of the biexcitons condensed into a dielectric liquid with the binding energy Δ L 0.5 meV.


(57) Abstract: The process transmitter of the control system (100) includes a resistance sensor (110), the resistance sensor senses the process variable and provides a sensor output. A sensor connected monitor circuit to the sensor (110) (116) provides a secondary signal related to the sensor (110). Sensor output and the sensor monitoring circuitry (116) connected to the analog / digital converter circuit (114) supplies a digitized sensor output and the digitized secondary signal. Output circuit connected to the process control loop (102, 104) (124) transmits the estimated remaining life regarding the life of the sensor. Memory stores the secondary signal and the sensor (110) and a set of predicted results for (120). Diagnostic circuit (118), the prediction result (120) stored in the memory, provides the estimated remaining life as a function of the digitized sensor output, and digitized secondary signal.


Our modern lives of self-centered urgency require instant gratification and, above all, results. A deepening sense of history makes us all-wise, electronic communication has made us impatient, and the pervasive insistence of popular fiction makes us intolerant of many mat ters of unfinished business. We demand the "smoking gun"?that appalling metaphor of in controvertible evidence. And when science can only provide hints and suggestions, the press is only too eager to inflate the story to some epic pro portion, only to see it deflated just as easily months, or sometimes only weeks, later. In an ideal world, science, of all disciplines, should be immune against hyperbole. But it is not. Stories of DNA sequences recovered from di nosaur bones that happen merely to have lain in the ground for 80 million years, ice on the moon, life on Mars and a thousand premature an nouncements of valid treatments for human dis eases feed the public's need for results?now! Most stories last a few months. The dramatic an nouncement about lunar ice, for example, lasted from December 1996 to June 1997 before being re futed (Broad 1997).


Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival 2011 Paul Conway New York: Nico Muhly Rodney Lister Manchester University: Julio d'Escrivain Tim Mottershead Aberystwyth: Nicola LeFanu's 'Dream Hunter' Paul Conway Further reports from Manchester, London and Boston Tim Mottershead, Jill Barlow, Rodney Lister


Foods and food components could help prevent or ameliorate many health conditions. Regulation is important in food innovation because it govems the means by which health benefits can be translated into messages for consumers. Foods and related health claims are regulated in Australia and New Zealand by a joint agency, Food Standard Australia New Zealand (FSANZ). Currently, the food standards code (Standard 1.1A.2) regulates the use of nutrient content claims and some general health maintenance claims, but prohibits health claims relating to disease prevention, with the exception of folate and the risk of neural tube defects. The new Nutrition, Health and Related Claims Standard (which is not yet approved) covers nutntion content claims, general-level health claims and high-level health claims. General-level health claims will be permitted in the proposed standard, but scientific substantiation will be required for review upon request. High-level claims (relating to more serious conditions, covering biomarker and risk reduction claims) will require formal evaluation and pre-approval. Therapeutic claims will be prohibited in the new regulatory framework.


the researchaims to find out: 1) Difference influence between students
who taught by LCD media with students who taught by map media on learning
motivation of Geography, 2) Difference influence between students who have
high learning motivation with students who have low learning motivation in
Geography subject, 3) Influence interaction between teaching and learning with
media, with learning motivation on learning achievement.
The method of the research use experimental method with factorial design
plan 2 x 2. The population of this research is ninth grade students in sub district
04 Ngawi regency number of 1365 students divided in 39 classes. Sampling
technics use cluster random sampling in stages. The sample of the research is 80
students. The instrument used to get data of Geography and learning motivation
and achievement test. The analysis data technics use 2 ways analysis variant with
prerequisite analysis that is normality test and homogeneity test, with significant
standard research in the amount of 5%.
Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that: 1) There is
an effective effects of students who taught by LCD media and students who taught
by map media in Geography subject learning achievement (Fcount> Ftable
or 19,56
> 3,90) so hypothesis that suggested put to a test was truth. 2) There is an
effective influence between students who have high learning motivation with
students who have low learning motivation on Geography subject (Fcount> Ftable
or 8,09 > 3,97) so hypothesis that suggested put to a test was truth. 3) There is an
effective interaction of teachingand learning activities use media with learning
motivation in Geography learning achievement. (Fcount> Ftable
or 5,83 > 3,97). So
hypothesisthat suggested put to a test was truth.


Direct tax structures are regularly revised and debates over changes are heated. Taxes affect the behaviour of individuals and families in ways which are hard to predict, but which impose constraints on governments trying to achieve their objectives. Attempts to help one group of individuals often have unintended consequences on other groups. Views about the role of a tax system vary substantially but, in debates, the basic value judgements which influence policy recommendations are seldom made explicit. This article attempts to clarify the main tensions involved in tax planning and to explain why consensus is unlikely ever to be achieved.


This first issue of 2015 contains a diverse collection of papers covering a range of topics in speech, language, and hearing. Lewis and Chai report the results of a study in which the language development of eight children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was tracked for a 2-year period. The researchers anticipated that due to the invasive medical treatment of this disease, affected children would likely show considerable variability in their language development. The developmental trajectories reported for each child confirmed the suspected variability in language outcomes. A conventional approach to evaluate the hearing of elderly individuals in community centers involves behavioral pure tone screening. The approach is problematic in such centers because of a host of environmental factors affecting the accuracy of testing. Li and McPherson addressed this matter by examining the efficacy of measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOEs) in lieu of pure tone testing. The researchers found that environmental factors known to influence pure tone screening also adversely affected DPOE measures, which makes this method an unlikely stand-alone screening tool. Elicitation of a cough reflex is used in clinical settings as a diagnostic indicator of risk for silent aspiration in patients with dysphagia. Ombler and Huckabee examined whether the instrumentation used to elicit a cough reflex is likely to become contaminated with bacteria. In general, there was an absence of bacterial contamination, supporting the use of this instrumentation as a clinical method for evaluating the integrity of the laryngeal cough reflex. Treatment fidelity refers to the methodological strategies used to monitor the reliability and validity of therapy interventions. Hayden et al. assessed the fidelity of a motor speech treatment approach known as prompts restructuring oral muscular phonetic targets (PROMPTs). Based on detailed fidelity ratings performed on three separate occasions, the researchers were able to demonstrate high inter-rater reliability for the PROMPT. Vogel and colleagues performed a retrospective study of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia and patients with multiple system atrophy (cerebellar). They were specifically interested in the frequency of dysphagic symptoms in these two groups. Dysphagia was found to be present in a vast majority of patients in each group, which suggests that measurement of swallowing function should be a standard component of medical assessment for these neuromuscular conditions. Hughes et al. performed a qualitative study to examine the experiences of adolescents who stutter when they are specifically discussing the topic of stuttering with their parents. The impact of stuttering on an adolescent child is somewhat a neglected area of research. A range of major and minor themes was revealed from these discussions, including the finding that children showed a preference to talking to their mothers' about stuttering. The various themes should be useful for parents, as well as clinicians who work with adolescent children who stutter. The auditory process by which our brains are able to separate speech from background noise is known as sound/stream segregation. Manjunath et al. examined how variations in sound amplitude can either enhance or reduce stream segregation. The researchers found that relatively large differences in amplitude modulation failed to enhance stream segregation, whereby multiple sounds were perceived as a single stream. The papers in this issue were contributed by researchers from a variety of countries including Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, New Zealand, and the United States. Each paper provides a unique contribution, and provides a sampling of the type of research taking place worldwide in the areas of speech, language, and hearing. I hope you find this first issue of 2015 to be interesting and informative.


This paper is about the detection of inconsistencies and consistencies in redundant traces to detect forgeries, demonstrate forensic soundness, and lend weight to assertions made by forensic analysts. We start with an overview of historical work, then identify a model of redundancy in digital forensics suitable for our efforts. Based on this model, we do analysis of complexity of consistency and inconsistency detection. Next, we consider how systems could be designed so as to make detection significantly easier without making forgeries significantly easier. Examples from legal cases and methods currently applied are used throughout for demonstration purposes. We summarize, draw conclusions, and suggest further work.


Towards personalized medicine, there is a pressing need for novel methods of multiplexed molecular detection that are sensitive, selective, thermo-stable, and low cost – so that they can be used at the point-of-care. Toward this goal, we have recently developed a new class of molecular-recognition elements – the Structure-Switching Aptamer (SSA) molecule [1]. This molecule is capable of specifically binding to its target protein and triggering a large-scale structure change, such that it folds into a DNAzyme emitting an enhanced fluorescence with NMM dye (Fig 1). In this way, the SSA can "self-report" the target binding event, even in complex mixtures such as serum. The most important advantage of the SSA is that only specific binding to the target protein can trigger the structure-switching, making the SSA relatively immune to non-specific binding. In addition, the SSAs are chemically synthesized, thermo-stable and ten-fold less expensive compared to conventional monoclonal antibodies.


Abstract : The design of an electromagnetic balance for suspending spherical models in a hypersonic wind tunnel is described. An orthogonal force system, together with compensated optical sensors in three stabilizing automatic feedback loops, provides inherently uncoupled control in three degrees of freedom. The major parts of the report contain the designs of the electromagnetic coil configuration and of the feedback loops. (Author)


This article highlights the important role of media in the narrative configuration of personal and social identities. First, we analyze the link between storytelling, communication and identity. Secondly, it is proposed that the processes by which individuals and groups create the sense of "I", "us" and "them" are very much conditioned by the narratives that circulate in the media. Finally, by way of illustration, we propose a typology of "media identity narratives": the civic, the affective and the cultic, which shows the centrality of media stories in the the construction of the self.


Computer-based simulation experiments were designed and conducted utilizing 100 regular commuters from the Sacramento, California region. Computer-based simulation was used to create a hypothetical traffic network and as a tool for collecting dynamic route choice data. Dynamic route choice data under the influence of incident information, en route guidance, pretrip guidance, and congestion information were collected for a sequence of 20 simulated trial days for each participant. A fractional factorial experimental design was used in the experiment. The experimental treatments included the type of information that subjects received, as well as personal characteristics of the subjects themselves. An analysis of the experimental treatments on subjects' accuracy perceptions, information effects on travel decisions, and consumer demand and information system valuation was performed utilizing analysis of variance and regression techniques with corrections for heteroskedasticity. Study results were compared with previous survey and simulation research. The findings indicate that there are significant differences between the individual characteristics that influence drivers' preferences about how they receive information and the characteristics that influence drivers' travel choices in response to receipt of such information. Results from the experiment indicate that incident and congestion information types were the most important in influencing subjects' route decisions. The findings also indicate the importance of having incident information available to drivers, and that this importance is reinforced by the availability of route guidance information. Descriptive information such as incident locations and congestion levels can provide a strong rationale for compliance with prescriptive information such as route guidance.


The most recent survey of supply and demand in 'innovation and research and development' in the region of Northern Hungary took place in the framework of the NORRIS project between December 2006 and March 2007. The project made it possible to make a detailed analysis of the demand of small and medium-sized enterprises for innovation and research and development (demand side), as well as the services offered by various organisations in these fields (supply side). Before the survey was begun, the framework conditions were developed for conducting the questionnaire surveys and interviews parallel with each other in the district of Kosice (Slovakia) and in the three counties in the region of Northern Hungary.


On the basis of a certain lepton-hadron relation and the dynamical origin of charge, the cross section for the scattering process nu e+37Cl to 37Ar+e- has been computed. The product of the neutrino flux and the cross sections for all sources of solar neutrinos, when calculated using this modified value of the scattering cross section are found to agree well with the experimental observations. Also, from this analysis, the author concludes that there is no reason to rule out the possibility that the sun derives most of its radiated energy from the CNO cycle.


. In work the range of different methods for the analysis of characteristics of turbulent processes in the active regions of the solar photosphere has been used. The changes of fluctuations distribution function and its moments were analyzed, spectral analysis was carried out. It was found out from the observations of active region carried out with the 70-cm vacuum tower telescope VTT in Isanie (Tenerife Island, Spain) that the turbulent processes in the sun photosphere are characterized by two different spectra of turbulence. The first one of them is well known Kolmohorov spectrum, which describes the plasma with zero mean magnetic field. The second one is the Kraichnan spectrum with a different from zero mean magnetic field. Transition from one spectrum type to an-other one occurs at scale of 3 Mm. We have to note that the scale 3 Mm corresponds to one of mesogranulation and testifies about non-zero mean magnetic fields for the consideration of regions exceeding the granulation in active regions of the photosphere. Be-sides, this clears the possibility of appearance of self-organizing magnetic plasma structures such as spots, active regions and complexes of activity.


Developing countries have continued to invest heavily in the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the health sector to improve health service delivery. However, despite the huge investments in Electronic Health Information Systems (EHIS), it has been difficult to measure the impact and benefits of the use of ICT in the health sector because many of these EHIS are not evaluated. This study assesses the state of performance evaluation of EHIS in developing countries, using Uganda as a case study. In Uganda, a survey was conducted in 15 districts, with 180 respondents distributed across 8 EHIS initiatives. Structured questions and interview guides were used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive statistics were obtained using Stata 15.0 software and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The results showed that 85% of the respondents evaluated their EHIS but only 25% had standard guidelines in form of clear-cut methods or mechanisms to conduct the evaluation. About 44% said that the main reason for the evaluation was to ensure data quality. Due to the lack of standard evaluation guidelines, the overall success of these EHIS projects, despite the millions of dollars invested was uncertain. Therefore, there is a need to develop a structured procedure and guidelines for evaluating the performance of eHealth implementations in Uganda.


This presentation will describe progress in developing the informatics system that will support a newly funded project designed to integrate health and environmental data for health-related decision-making in Africa. This infromatics system supports a project in which the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), the International Research Institute for Climate and Society, and North Carolina State University in the United States, and the Navrongo Health Research Centre in Ghana will build and implement a prototype decision-support system that integrates twoto 14-day weather forecasts and epidemiological data to provide actionable information that can be used to contain the spread of meningitis epidemics in Ghana. By applying a preliminary economic evaluation of this decision support system, we will also assess the potential benefit of using environmental data to improve public health outcomes, help prioritize continuing investment in meningitis management in Ghana and throughout the Meningitis Belt, and determine the appropriateness of extending the prototype to other diseases, nations, and continents.


ABSTRACT Isolation and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) by Microscopic (AMF) in Rhizosphere of Citrus Plant ( Citrus sp.) in Kerta Village, Payangan District, Gianyar Regency Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is a group of organisms from fungi that describes a form of mutualism between symbiotic fungi and plant roots. AMF has great potential as a biological fertilizer because the microorganism which has a very important role in facilitating the absorption of nutrients in the soil to increase plant growth, in addition AMF also function as a biological barrier against pathogen that infect the roots, increasing the availability of water for plants to grow and improve hormone boosters. The purpose of the study was to determine the types of AMF that exist in the rhizosphere of citrus plant and determine the presence of infection by the AMF in the citrus plant roots in the  village of Kerta. The results of the isolation and identification of AMF spores in the rhizosphere of citrus plants in the village of Kerta found 14 different types of AMF spores. This study found 7 type of Glomus , 5 types of Gigaspora and 2 types of Acaulospora . Those types were determined by using the characteristic of their spores. Observations on root finding that the AMF  infection in the form vesicles and arbuscular structures. Keywords : Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Vesicles and Arbuscular .


Objective To study the extracellular release of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) in hepatocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide and its intracellular signaling pathway.Methods The changes of HMGB1 mRNA expression and HMGB1 concentration in the culture medium were investigated after BRL-3A hepatocytes were induced with 100 μg/L lipopolysaccharide for 6-24 hours.The effects of MAPKs pathway inhibitors(SB202190 and U0126) with various concentrations were observed on HMGB1 mRNA expression and extracellular release in lipopolysaccharide-induced BRL-3A hepatocytes.HMGB1 concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The level of HMGB1 mRNA expression and HMGB1 concentration in the culture medium significantly increased after BRL-3A hepatocytes were induced by lipopolysaccharide for 6 hours(P0.01).The HMGB1 concentration continued to increase as the induction time lengthened.20 μmol/L SB202190 and 20 μmol/L U0126 partly inhibited extracellular release of HMGB1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced BRL-3A hepatocytes.But no effects were observed on HMGB1 mRNA expression for these inhibitors.Conclusion Lipopolysaccharide induces hepatocytes to release HMGB1,which mechanism is involved with intracellular MAPKs signaling pathway.


Global warming strongly influences the future prospects of both citizens and policy makers. The change of climate calls for innovative decisions on food production, risk management, and energy policy. Uncertainties concerning the interplay between natural climatic and environmental variations and man-made changes remain a major obstacle for defining plausible trajectories of climate change in the coming decades. This is important for decisions on mitigation, adaptation, and risk reduction and our capability to monitor the efficiency of climate policy frameworks to reach desired climate targets. By studying past climate changes when the Earth was as warm or warmer than at present we can gain knowledge about natural climatic and environmental variability on decadal to multi-millennial timescales and relate them to the recent changes originating from anthropogenic influences. Paleorecords show that the climate system has changed abruptly in the past (e.g. Alley et al. 1997; Dansgaard et al. 1993; Steffensen et al. 2008), but the extent of such changes during warm periods has still to be fully investigated. Understanding the climate dynamics and variability during warm time periods, and the likelihood of abrupt changes within the system, requires improved insight into interactions between forcings such as freshwater Inside PAGES


A 2-12 GHz monolithic feedback amplifier has been designed. Initial experiments, made on a semi-monolithic unit, yielded 5.4 dB of minimum gain from 2-12 GHz and 3.8 dB of minimum gain between 2 and 15.3 GHz.


It is well known that providing high data rate wireless mobile services is a major challenge in indoor environments, particularly in multi-storey buildings. One way to achieve high data rate wireless transmissions is to reduce the radio transmission distance between the transmitter and the receiver by using distributed antenna systems (DASs) employing frequency reuse. However, due to the reuse of the limited available frequency spectrum, co-channel interference can severely degrade system performance. In this paper, the uplink performance of an in-building DAS with frequency reuse is studied, where remote antenna units (RAUs) deployed on each floor throughout the building are connected to a central unit (CU) where received signals are processed. The impact of RAU selection and location strategies on the performance of the interference-limited system is analysed by using a propagation channel model derived from multi-floor, in-building measurement results. The proposed scheme exploits the penetration loss of the signal through the floors, resulting in frequency reuse in spatially separated floors, which increases system spectral efficiency and also reduces co-channel interference. RAU location is shown to be a dominant factor influencing the levels of co-channel interference, and consequently, have a major implications on system performance.


The invention relates to a voltage rise circuit, which uses direct current chopper voltage rise circuit. It is characterized in that: said direct current chopper voltage rise circuit is formed by at least two direct current chopper voltage rise return circuits, while they are parallel connected by sharing capacity, and via dislocation compensation to improve the switch frequency. The invention can arrange at least one direct current chopper voltage rise return circuit with shared capacitor parallel with the common chopper voltage rise return circuit and via the dislocation compensation of parallel return circuits to improve the switch frequency.


A bronchocele (bronchial mucocele) results from the mucoid impaction and dilatation of the proximal bronchus caused by congenital bronchial atresia (CBA) or bronchial obstruction. Bronchocele must be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiologic pathologies. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1364w


The invasion of Iraq in 2003 inaugurated a new phase, marked by fierce sectarian division, which strongly questioned the pillars on which the Iraqi 'national' community was built. Examining the dynamics and factors that led to these consequences will help us to understand these events within their historical context rather than viewing them as part of an endless phenomenon. The so‐called 'sectarian conflict' in Iraq was not incited by religious differences. It was a clash largely shaped along sectarian lines because of the lack of inter‐communal communication and effective means of mediation. The paper focuses on the internal dynamics that led to heightened sectarianism in Iraq, starting with the historical background of political sectarianism in the first part, followed by inter‐communal relations in post‐2003 Iraq in the second part and concluding in the third part with recent dynamics.


Insurance and efficiency to monitoring and the use of interacting methods for an accurate diagnosis of the vegetation, mainly those from tropical regions, are essentials to contribute to future development management actions. Remote sensing, biological traits associating structural and biochemical data will permit evaluate the behavioral picture of a dominant specie in vegetation that cover great areas. This study aimed to identify the leaf spectral signature features and structural traits related to dominant specie and photosynthesis implications, relating it with environmental stress consequences and discussing critically monitoring using remote sensing methods. Multispectral analysis and hyperspectral spectroradiometer "FieldSpec Handheld" by Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) from georeferenced points were made. Perceptible differences were detected for mean values of chlorophyll a and b from field data. The use of Hyperion hyperspectral image showed potential to infer the condition of vegetation regeneration analyzed and different intensities of chlorophyll


The purpose of the present study is to see whether the determination of amniotic fluid creatinine concentration has a clinical usefulness in prediction fetal lmaturity, and factors by which it is influenced. Creatinine concentration in the paired amniotic fluid and maternal serum was measured by Technicon autoanalyzer Ⅱ in the 73 normal pregnant women, 24 preeclamptic women, and 7 women delivered S.G.A.I.(Small for Gestational Age Infant) between 23 to 43 gestational weeks. The results were as follows : 1) The mean amniotic fluid and maternal serum creatinine concentration and the mean AF/MS ratio(amniotic fluid/maternal serum creatinine ratio) in preeclampsia were significantly higher than those in the normal pregnancy. 2) The mean amniotic fluid creatinine concentration in S.G.A.I. was lower tahn that in the normal pregnancy, and this has stastically borderline significance(0.05)