Attempts were made to find out the antibiotic 'kanamycin' dose(s) that would kill all the calli, leaf segments and shoots of three sugarcane cvs. (CoJ 83, CoJ 85 and Co 89003) as that dose is required for use in selection step of genetic transformation. For this, kanamycin was added at different concentrations viz., 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 mg/l in the medium. To work out optimum kanamycin dose for selection of transformed cells, the non-transformed calli were grown on MS + 2,4-D (2.5 mg/l) + Kin (0.5 mg/l) medium supplemented with kanamycin. Likewise, the spindle leaf segments were grown on MS + NAA (5 mg/l) + Kin (0.5 mg/l) + kanamycin medium for finding the suitable antibiotic dose that can be used for selecting putative transgenic segments. For finding optimum kanamycin level for selection of putative transformed shoots, the normal shoots were cultured on MS + NAA (3 mg/l) + Kin (0.5 mg/l) + kanamycin medium. All the cultures were incubated at 25 ± 2°C for 4 weeks. In case of CoJ 83 and Co 89003, 50 mg/l kanamycin killed all the calli and leaf segments, whereas for CoJ 85 calli and leaf segments, 45 mg/l dose was found to be optimum. As far as screening of the transgenic shoots of the 3 varieties is concerned, 50 mg/l kanamycin restricted chlorophyll development in the leaves of normal shoots, and thus found suitable for use during selection. The optimum doses of kanamycin were validated in the actual genetic transformation experiments.


Do secondary school laboratory texts reflect goals such as raising problems, developing inquiry skills, and providing opportunities for "discovery"?; a summary of the results of laboratory task analysis of current curriculum materials in chemistry.


This paper presents some end to end measurements of multimedia services carried out in the frame of LTExtreme project. We provide some understanding of the main parameters and the role of the different protocol layers in the achievement of the desired Quality of Experience (QoE). The trade-offs related to the adaptation algorithms that have been tested in a demonstrator are discussed, showing that adaptation may decrease the video delay at the expenses of decreasing also the efficiency and stability.


The principles of health, safety and environment (HSE) in different development activities, including construction, are constantly gaining in significance. This study aims to evaluate the condition of HSE management and safety climate in construction sites. In this descriptive-analytic study, 111 male employees are randomly selected. To determine HSE condition and management and safety climate condition, the NOSACQ questionnaire was used. The collected data are analyzed using SPSS. Based on data analysis a significant relationship between the mean scores of safety climate, job groups and HSE management system with job groups, education and experience (P<0.05) was found. The study results show that HSE management and safety climate in sites are relatively acceptable, that the perception of safety had no special association with age, work experience, education and that the creation of a safety climate depends on the people high in the hierarchy.


The transition of leadership in the United States and the 1-year anniversary of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)'s implementation day served as the impetus for this new study. It is the latest in a series of Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM) studies of Iranian and American attitudes about Iran's nuclear program, the negotiations that led to the nuclear deal, and other facets of the countries' economic and security policies. Data for this study was collected in mid-December 2016, after the election of U.S. President Donald Trump.


The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ in human beings and in
dogs. In both in human beings and in dogs, the absence of the spleen is
associated with increased risk of localized and disseminated infection including
overwhelm sepsis. Visceral leishmaniasis and other infections alter the
histological structure of the spleen, leading to a disruption of the white pulp
microenvironments. Previous works have shown that the disruption of the white
pulp structure is more frequent in dogs with laboratorial markers of susceptibility
to visceral leishmaniasis such as positive spleen culture and negative leishmanin
skin test than in animals in which these susceptibility markers were absent. In
this study, our goal is to examine the relationship between the histological
disorganization of splenic white pulp and severity of visceral leishmaniasis.The
samples and data used in this study were collected from 206 stray dogs from an
endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, the city of Jequie (Bahia, Brazil). The
animals were examined clinically and ELISA and LST were performed. Splenic
aspirates were collected for culture, and fragments of spleen were collected for
molecular and morphological studies. The animals were ranked according to the
degree of structural organization of splenic white pulp of the spleen in groups (a),
well-organized, (b) slightly disordered, (c) moderately extensively disorganized.
In relation to the positive in the ELISA with the disorganization of the spleen,
conjunctivitis (P = 0.0116) hyperproteinemia (p = 0.021) were more frequent in
the group of animals with positive ELISA and disorganized spleen when
compared to the other groups. Polisymptomatic animals are more frequent in the
group with positive ELISA and spleen type 3 (p = 0.004). Clinical scores
attributed to the intensity of conjunctivitis (P <0.05), dermatitis (P <0.05) and
lymphadenopathy (P <0.01), alopecia (P <0.01), onychogryphosis (P <0.05 )
were higher in animals with positive ELISA and disorganized spleen than other
groups, as well as the number of clinical signs attributable to canine visceral
leishmaniasis (p = 0.0014). Regarding the analysis of positive spleen culture
together with splenic disorganization, the frequency of polisymptomatic dogs was
higher in animals with slightly disordered spleen (P <0.05) and disorganized
spleen (P <0.005) than in animals with organized spleen. Alopecia (P <0.01),
conjunctivitis (P <0.05), dehydration (P <0.001), dermatitis (P <0.05),
onychogryphosis (p <0.01), anemia (P <0.05 ), ulcers (P <0.001) and high
clinical score (P <0.001 were more frequent in animals with positive spleen
culture and disorganized spleen than in animals with negative culture and
organized spleen . In conclusion, dogs with disorganization of the spleen
associated with visceral leishmaniasis have more clinical signs and worse clinical
status than animals with visceral leishmaniasis, but without disruption of the
spleen.


SYNOPSISResponse characteristics of Tokyo Bay to incident long waves are investigated by a numerical experiment. The method developed here is characterized by the fact that the experiment was completed by only one run with use of the statistical concepts, instead of repeating the same kind of response calculation to sinusoidal waves with differing wave length, as usually done in laboratory experiments.Results of calculations along with detailed discussions are given.


The solar motivated photoelectrochemical (PEC), used in water splitting systems, shows superior talent in converting solar energy in the form of cleaning and in sustaining a chemical energy evolution. PEC systems present by integrating a photoelectrode, which involves light-harvesting to absorb solar energy, thereby introducing an interlayer for the transformation of photogenerated electrons and holes, along with a co-catalyst to trigger oxidation and reduce the chemical reactions. In this review, we describe a variety of two-dimensional (2D) layered photoanodes and photocathodes, such as graphitic carbon nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, layered double hydroxides, MXenes, and co-catalysts for the assembly of combined photoelectrodes belonging to oxygen evolution and/or hydrogen evolution chemical reactions. The basic principles of PEC water splitting associated with physicochemical possessions relating to photoelectrodes unified with catalytic chemical reactions have been investigated. Additionally, the mechanisms attributing to a relationship with 2D photoelectrodes have been incorporated as a supplementary discussion. The improvement strategies, which include the construction of heterostructures, surface functionalization, and formations of heterojunctions, have also been discussed. The issues and challenges relevant to the field have been acknowledged for facilitating future research, indicating optimized conversion activity corresponding to PEC water splitting.


The rise in several deadly diseases like infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria implies re-inventing the wheel on drug discovery. Perhaps, extensive research has been dedicated to identifying alternatives to mitigating the effects of antibiotics resistance. Over the years, plants have contributed significantly to traditional medicine, proven effective in human health care, and were extensively used as alternative antibiotics in certain conditions. Thus, the current studys primary purpose is to determine the phytochemical contents and the antimicrobial activity of T. occidentalison microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The result of the phytochemical analysis conducted on the leaf and seed of T. occidentalisrevealed alkaloids, tannin, steroids, flavonoids, phenol, and saponins. However, it was found that tannins and phenol were mainly deposited in the plants seed. Also, the antimicrobial analysis conducted revealed that S. aureus was more vulnerable to the ethanol, acetone, and hot aqueous extracts of T. occidentalis. At the same time, P. aeruginosa and C. Albicans showed sensitivity to ethanol and acetone exposure but failed to react to the hot aqueous extracts. The study concludes that the observed biological reactions shown by the aqueous extracts of T. occidentaliscorroborate the traditional application of this plant as an alternative antibiotic.


For film gas permeability test device based on differential pressure,when the performance of pressure and temperature detector is given and the test temperature is relatively stable,the test result is decided by seal performance of test device.To improve the seal performance and test performance of test device,the model of three layers sealed structure was presented and the corresponding mathematic model was established.The feature of pressure change caused by leakage and its simulation result were given.The purpose was to provide theoretical basis for practical applications of film gas permeability test device with three layers sealed structure.


Objective:We observed the change on T achroacyte subgroup of CA pateints before and after treatment of traditional Chinese medicine,and by this way to find whether this medcine could regulate cellular immune function of CA pateints.Methods:Flow cytometry was used to detect T achroacyte subgroup in peripheral blood of treatment group and control group.There were 66 cases in treatment group which was Xiao Yao Qu You Tang group,and 14 cases in control group which was normal people group.Comparision was carried on between groups before and after treatment.Results:Compared with control group,percentage of CD+3 CD+4 T achroacyte and ratio of CD+3/CD+4 in peripheral blood of CA pateints decreased(P0.05),while percentage of CD+8 T achroacyte increased(P0.05).After the treatment,45 cases recured,while 21 cases not.The former shew an obvious increasion on percentage of CD+3CD+4 T achroacyte and ratio of CD+3/CD+4,and an obvious decreasion on percentage of CD+8 T achroacyte(P0.05).The latter shew no obvious difference about the percentage of CD+3 CD+4 CD+8 T achroacyte and ratio of CD+3/CD+4(P0.05).Conclusion:CA pateints shows weakness in cellular immune function and Xiao Yao Qu You Tang can regulate this function.


Simplistic accounts of its history sometimes portray logic as having stagnated in the West completely from its origins in the works of Aristotle all the way until the nineteenth century. This is of course nonsense. The Stoics and Megarians added propositional logic. Medievals brought greater unity and systematicity to Aristotle's system and improved our understanding of its underpinnings (see e.g., Henry 1972), and important writings on logic were composed by thinkers from Leibniz to Clarke to Arnauld and Nicole. However, it cannot be denied that an unprecedented sea change occurred in the nineteenth century, one that has completely transformed our understanding of logic and themethods used in studying it. This revolution can be seen as proceeding in two main stages. The first dates to the mid-nineteenth century and is owed most signally to theworkofGeorgeBoole (1815–1864). The seconddates to the latenineteenth century and the works of Gottlob Frege (1848–1925). Both were mathematicians primarily, and their work made it possible to bring mathematical and formal approaches to logical research, paving theway for the significantmeta-logical results of the twentieth century. Boolean algebra, the heart of Boole's contributions to logic, has also come to represent a cornerstone of modern computing. Frege had broad philosophical interests, and his writings on the nature of logical form, meaning and truth remain the subject of intense theoretical discussion, especially in the analytic tradition. Frege's works, and the powerful new logical calculi developed at the end of the nineteenth century, influenced many of its most seminal figures, such as Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Rudolf Carnap. Indeed, Frege is sometimes heralded as the "father" of analytic philosophy, although he himself would not live to become aware of any such movement.


Abstract The author attempts to apply a multi-criteria spatial analysis of issues related to urban public transport in terms of optimizing its usage and accessibility. Publicly available spatial and statistical data were used. Desktop GIS computer software was the primary tool and work environment – due to its popularity and wide interdisciplinary application in studying geospatial phenomena, processes, and dependencies. The article consists of two parts. The first identifies the research area, indicates the data used and the methodology of the conducted analysis, while the second presents the results of analyses in optimizing the functioning of public transport in Mińsk Mazowiecki (Mazowieckie Voivodeship, Poland) and recommendations that may contribute to disseminating the use of multi-criteria analyses in medium-sized cities.


the case of Nicaragua, specifically the Anti-Sandinistas Popular Militia (MILPAS). This was an armed organization, which strongly relied on a particular local populace. The group was highly local, as more than 80% were highland peasants. After the peace agreements, members of the MILPAS faction returned to their places of origin and remained geographically proximate after demobilizing. The former fighters remained strongly networked and intact. In the same fashion, Daly works through cases in Guatemala, Peru, Uganda, Indonesia, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, and Angola supporting her argument and pointing at further research opportunities. In conclusion, although I find the book's main argument repetitive at times, Daly has been able to shed new light on how peace to war transitions are studied. Through her work, she has added new dynamics of geographies to the discussions on why some groups return to war, while others do not. Hence, her book has incredible value both for policymakers and scholars in the field of war to peace transitions. Her structured combination of both quantitative and qualitative data gives the book the needed strength to support future policies and further research. Although Daly admits that demilitarization is not necessarily the perfect outcome 'as the muted guns could easily be loaded and fired again' (p. 170), having the possibility to predict how armed groups can be influenced to demobilize, is both promising and highly relevant in the current political context, nationally and internationally.


Abstract — Corrosion causes many failures in chemical process installations. These failures generate high costs, therefore an effective corrosion monitoring system obtrudes. This paper focuses on the classification of the most important corrosion processes: pitting, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and general corrosion. The computations and algorithms involved in the classification of the corrosion time series are presented. A technique for trend removal of the time series is proposed. Features to extract the characteristics of the corrosion time series are designed. A genetic algorithm for the selection of features is described in which the correlations between features are exploited. The combination of the proposed techniques leads to a new high performing pattern recognition system for corrosion time series classification. Keywords — Genetic algorithm, Haar wavelet transform, minimum message length, subspace decomposition. I. I NTRODUCTION N the literature [1]-[3] it is mentioned that about 3 to 5% of the Gross National Product in the United States is lost due to the costs caused by corrosion. Furthermore it is estimated [1], [2] that 35% of these costs can be avoided by the application of existing technologies (coatings, inhibitors, cathodic protection…) and by appropriate services (consulting, testing, monitoring…). Pitting, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and general corrosion cause most of the corrosion damage in chemical process installations [4]. Pitting causes pits that lead to leaks, stress corrosion cracking causes cracks and general corrosion leads to a uniform decrease of thickness of the material. Each of the corrosion processes calls


Objective: This systematic review was done with the aim of assessing the barriers faced in utilizing dental care services by general population in age group between 20 and 60 years in India as these findings would provide evidence for making appropriate decisions in our National Oral Health Policy which could further improve access to dental care services for people across India. This was a systematic review. Materials and Methods: For this review, PubMed, TRIP database, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were the electronic databases searched based on the PICO. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses guidelines were followed for the final inclusion of articles. Results: The search generated a total of 91 articles from four different electronic bases: PubMed, TRIP database, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Based on the inclusion criteria, 14 articles made it to the final analysis. All 14 studies reported a lack of time and nonavailability of dentists as major barriers in accessing dental care services. Conclusion: The cross-sectional studies of this review were assessed for quality using a modified Newcastle- Ottawa Scale, proposed by Egger et al. in 2003. Even though the available literature forms a lower standard of evidence, further evaluation of barriers using a standardized questionnaire is recommended using better-designed studies to substantiate the unequal access to health-care facilities to Indian Population.


In (2), Bazzoni and Glaz conjecture that the weak global dimension of a Gaussian ring is 0,1 or ∞. In this paper, we prove their conjecture in all cases except when R is a non-reduced local Gaussian ring with nilradical N satisfying N 2 = 0.


Kukuh Village is one of the villages located in Kerambitan District, Tabanan Regency, Bali. One of the home industry entrepreneurs in Kukuh Village is now using banana tree midrib which can be processed as a snack for banana stem chips. Banana stem chips are one of the unique snacks known in Bali as Gedebong Chips. The home industry players who make banana midrib chips have difficulty in marketing the products they produce, so that not many people know about this  banana stem chips. Social media is one of the tools used in marketing products digitally to increase sales. Whether it's through social media Instagram, facebook, whatsapp, tik tok and other social media. The method of implementing this activity provides counseling and direct practice to home industry business actors regarding how to use social media and how to market products. This community service aims to maximize the use of social media in increasing sales of home industry products for banana stem chips.


................................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Delimitation of the Study ...................................................................................................... 5 1.8 Limitation to the Study ......................................................................................................... 5 1.9 Assumptions of the Study ..................................................................................................... 6 1.10 Definition of Significant Terms .......................................................................................... 6 1.11 Organization of the Study ................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 8 2.


the country of asylum could actually benefit from the infusion of more people. Although Canada appears less draconian than some nations in dealing with claimants who actually arrive within its borders, it has also pioneered many deflection strategies. Moreover, Canada's relatively remoteness from the major refugeeand migrant-producing regions of the world means that (despite media reports to the contrary) it receives few undocumented migrants and refugee claimants in relative and absolute terms. The embargo on refugees is accomplished in several ways. Refugees are excluded physically through interdiction and non-entree policies, and discursively through their demonization as criminals and illegals. Restrictive eligibility requirements and narrow interpretations of the convention further limit access to refuge protection. Detention and limited assistance (or no assistance at all) while refugee determination is pending operate to socially marginalize refugee claimants within host countries. These themes are repeated, with local variation, in legislation and institutional practice in the nation-states of North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. In Canada, incremental changes in migration legislation since the mid-1980s were punctuated by judicial pronouncements demarcating the scope of fundamental rights available to non-citizens under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In the mid-1990s, momentum began building toward an overhaul of Canada's Immigration Act. In late 1997, a government-appointed legislative review committee issued a report entitled Not Just Numbers, whose tone and recommendations for reform reflected the neo-liberal discourse of economic globalization, privatization of the Halfway through the last century, Winston Churchill presaged one of the most profound transformations of the modern political map with the warning that "an iron curtain has descended" on Europe. This potent metaphor conjured up an impenetrable partition holding citizens of Eastern Europe captive to Communist regimes, depriving them of basic liberties. Subsequently, the Berlin Wall became the physical representation of the abrogation of the fundamental right of exit for the people of Eastern Europe. Five years after Churchill's speech, the 1951 un Convention relating to the Status of Refugees entered into force. The convention's initial geographic limitation to Europe revealed the West's cold-war preoccupation with citizens under Communism. If they could escape—breach the wall, pass through the curtain— they were virtually assured of asylum. In February 2001, on the eve of the 1951 convention's fiftieth anniversary, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Ruud Lubbers ironically (if inadvertently) recalled Churchill's metaphor. In response to the question of whether the European Union was doing enough to grapple with the problem of refugees, Lubbers replied, "No . . . We are closing the curtains . . . and saying there is no real problem there." Fortress Europe has supplanted the Berlin Wall, and the locks barring exit from the east have been switched to bar entry to the west. In North America, Australia, and New Zealand the pattern is the same. The world's wealthiest nations want to prevent refugees from crossing into their territory uninvited, no matter where they come from, why they fled, or even whether the demographic self-interest of


The absence of legal protection to farmers' rights and interests,especially the economic rights and interests,has become the bottleneck to the rural economic development and farmers' income growth.Although the Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee has brought forward that farmers' political,economic,cultural and social rights and interests should be protected,specific measures have to be taken to realize the protection of their economic rights and interests in practice,the connotation of the economic rights and interests have to be detailed and systematized,and some of the important rights and interests have to be upgraded to legal rights.Thus,it is essential to analyze the peculiarity of farmers' economic rights and interests and find a remedy suitable for the situation of Chinese rural areas.This paper first clarifies the connotation of farmers' economic rights and interests and restructures its system,then summarizes its peculiarities,and finally establishes a multilevel system of comprehensive legal protection through legislative arrangements and system design.


The developing countries constitute a significant growth market for computer systems and software. Analysing the needs of this market and the difficulties they present, we find that they require problem analysis, systems design, hardware and software integration, training and facilities management. India has some advantages as a base for meeting these needs. Competition with established firms will however require a distinctive strategy. The possible advantages of "not relying on IBM" are reviewed. Successful operations will require a commitment of personnel n site for short and long periods. This places a premium upon a good base in a growing home market as well as a sophisticated organization design involving a consortium of software houses.


With the self-developed charge-induced equipment,the experimental researched effects of different confining pressure and pore pressure on charge signal during deformation and fracture of coal containing gas under triaxial compression.The results show that as the pore pressure increases,the charge induction signal weakened when the confining pressure is a certain value.The pore pressure plays a weak effect role in the charge induction signal produced during the coal sample deformation and fracture process.As confining pressure increases,the charge induction signal enhanced when the pore pressure is a certain value.The confining pressure plays an enhancement effect role in the charge induction signal produced during the coal samples deformation and fracture process.


Background: Spinal anesthesia is an anesthetic method by injecting local analgesic drugs into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of health education with spinal anesthesia videos on anxiety in pre-anesthesia in the operating room of the Genteng Regional General Hospital Banyuwangi. Subjects and Method: A quasi-experiment study was conducted in Genteng General Hospital, Banyuwangi, East Java, in August 2022. A sample of 15 patients who underwent surgery under spinal anesthesia was selected by incidental sampling. The dependent variable is anxiety. The independent variables were video educational intervention. Anxiety was measured by Anxiety Analog Scale (AAS). Other variables were collected by questionnaire. The difference test in the paired group was examined using paired t-test. Results: Anxiety level after intervention (Mean= 180; SD= 80.84) was lower than before (Mean= 305; SD= 75.12) with p<0.001. Conclusion: Video of spinal anesthesia intervention lower anxiety in pre-anesthesia surgery.


In this paper, the robust trajectory tracking control problem for a dynamical model of a mobile robot with three omnidirectional wheels is considered. The motion of the robot is carried out by means of three independent electric motors. Based on the Lyapunov vector function method, a new discrete controller is presented which takes into account the presence of sliding friction forces and parametric variations. The estimations of the region of initial deviations and the unknown part of the inertia matrix are obtained. Key-Words: wheeled mobile robot, omni-wheel, slip, trajectory tracking control, Lyapunov vector function, dynamical model, comparison system


ER49-1 and ER50-6 are two main varieties of gas shield welding wire.ER49-1 welding wire,which used to cover the main domestic market,has been replaced with ER50-6.The drawability of ER50-6 wire is good,the cost for working is low,the finished product is fed smoothly and the weld mechanical properties are qualified,that's why ER49-1 is replaced.


There has been much recent interest in developing methods for reducing code and carrier-phase multipath, as multipath has become the dominant error source in many differential GPS applications. Many of the methods for reducing multipath involve signal processing methods internal to the receiver, which may not be practical for many users. Other methods involve filtering over time to take advantage of the time correlation of multipath errors, or generating a map of the multipath environment surrounding an antenna. A new method for reducing code and carrier phase multipath is presented, which uses measurements from multiple receivers in order to obtain accurate estimates of code or carrier phase multipath. Other error sources such as atmospherics can also be detected. Using this method, a least-squares condition adjustment is performed to generate a multipath estimate for each individual receiver/satellite pair, and it does so on an epoch by epoch basis, so no filtering over time is required, and no initialization period is necessary.


Abstract Microscopic observations of the surface structure and composition of thin films of silver-gold alloys are used to deduce the processes involved in the dissolution of these alloys in nitric acid solutions. The micromorphology consists of an island-and-channel structure whose formation depends in detail on the initial overall composition of the alloy. The micromorphology can be modified by annealing for short times at elevated temperature, by storage for long periods at room temperature, or by increasing the strength of the acid during corrosion, giving very similar results. These observations can be explained in terms of a model in which corrosion proceeds by selective dissolution of the less noble component, thereby creating a disordered surface layer which subsequently reorders by surface diffusion.


: Argues that the principal contributor to changes in Japan's political economy is the decline of Japanese governmental control over capital flows and foreign exchange rates brought about by structural "gaiatsu", or direct foreign pressure. Differs from previous analysis of gaiatsu by arguing that international capital and market forces generate gaiatsu, not foreign governments, and that its influence has been worldwide as well as deeper and more ongoing than bilateral negotiating sessions and joint communiqués related to trade. Discusses how the change has catalyzed a major increase in foreign direct investment by Japanese-owned corporations, a reduction in government's ability to control corporate behavior, a diminution of intra-corporate linkages, conflict within national economic policies and the increased penetration of the Japanese economy by foreign financial institutions. Describes how the change has resulted in an emerging socio-economic gap in Japan between individuals, groups and organizations. Demonstrates how the Japanese experience suggests the transformative power of global capital markets on national political economies, particularly those that have been interventionist in nature. ABSTRACT Japan's political economy has been undergoing sweeping changes in its policies, institutions, and socio-economic coalitional arrangements. While the causes of these changes are many, this paper argues that a principal contributor has been the decline of Japanese governmental control over capital movements into and out of Japan. Global capital movements have catalyzed a major increase in overseas foreign direct investment by Japanese-owned corporations, a reduction in government ability to control corporate behavior, a diminution of intra-corporate linkages, conflict within national economic policies, and the increased penetration of the commanding heights of the Japanese economy by foreign financial institutions. As a result, a socio-economic gap is emerging in Japan between individuals, groups and organizations which believe they can compete effectively in a more globalized world and those who fear they can not. The Japanese case raises and helps to resolve broader questions about the ability of national political systems to cope with financial globalization.


Abstract Three large-scale thrusts developed in the Daqingshan orogen, Inner Mongolia, with a northeast-east trending from Louhuashan to Suletu are described in this paper. These northwest-directed thrusts, together with the four tectonic belts (or tectonic sheets) separated by these faults, formed a typical thrusting system. The originally defined Hohhot metamorphic core complex may be a tectonic sheet, making the uppermost tectonic unit of the thrusting system and truncated by the Daqingshan detachment fault on top. The existing tectono-chronological studies showed that the thrusting of this region possibly happened at the same time as the extension along the top detachment fault. This presents that the contraction and extension in Daqingshan orogen were probably simultaneous. The structural pattern of the Daqingshan orogen can be correlated to the Himalayan orogen, and models for simultaneous thrusting and detachment in Himalaya may give a hint for explaining the development of the Daqingshan orogen. *...


This study aims at identifying the extent to which Jordanian industrial companies disclose some social responsibility items in their financial reports. The study community consists of all the (85) Jordanian industrial companies. The sample of the study consisted of (384) respondents in financial departments , Financial auditors, financial analysts) working in these companies. The study found a number of results, the most prominent of which are: Jordanian industrial companies disclose social responsibility in their financial reports regarding the protection of the environment. The level of this disclosure was high. It also revealed that it discloses social responsibility in its financial reports regarding the regulations and laws of the protection of the general environment, The level of disclosure was high. In light of these results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which are the following: The Jordanian industrial companies continue to disclose bonuses and incentives for employees who are distinguished in environmental activities, and to disclose the laws and regulations related to pollution control, reduction or disposal and disclosure of cost, . Keywords : Accounting Disclosure, Social Responsibility, Jordanian Industrial Companies.


The union Hui-hang highway's anchor rod examination,to the non-destructive inspection technology's examination principle,the test method and the test result appraisal has carried on the discussion.The result indicated: The anchor rod construction quality non-destructive inspection is not only feasible,is effective,and has obtained the good economy and the social efficiency,should promote vigorously.


In the paper 'Contemporary tendencies in criminalistics' the author deals with three actual issues in criminalistics concerning the following: situation and outlooks of preventive criminalistics, activity of law enforcement agencies in criminal proceedings and use, i.e. abuse of technical means and the last technical developments by law enforcement agencies. Besides this critical review to the actual situation, the author of this paper underlines a series of very constructive suggestions to find better and more efficient solutions of these problems keeping in mind, first of all, the necessity to fight against crime in a more efficient way. According to this and regarding preventive criminalistics, the author insists that its conceiving, programming and realization must be based on etiologic and phenomenological characteristics of crime which would make possible to connect the activity of law enforcement agencies with the social prevention. Considering insufficient and inadequate application of criminalistics in criminal proceedings, the authors suggests a more comprehensive adoption of knowledge and the education of criminal justice in the field of criminalistics which would enable more efficient criminal proceedings. Regarding the third issue, the author approves the application of technical means, first of all by the police, to detect crimes and their perpetrators because of, among other things, an increasing abuse of these means by criminals. The application of these means by law enforcement agencies is limited by strong legal regulations and protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens. .


The recent emergence of bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers (BDFAs) enables the reach extension of high-speed O-band communication links. In this work, our recent efforts on amplified O-band direct-detection (DD) transmission using BDFAs are reviewed. We first present the performance of a four-channel O-band coarse wavelength-division multiplexed (CWDM) transmission over 50-km length of single-mode fiber (SMF), showing that the chromatic dispersion (CD) which has long been neglected in O-band transmission, will degrade the transmission performance of dispersive O-band channels. In this context, we quantify the relative benefits of different DD formats at 50 Gb/s over up to 70-km length of SMF in a BDFA pre-amplified O-band system. The considered formats include Nyquist on-off keying (OOK), Nyquist 4-ary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), and Kramers–Kronig (KK) detection assisted subcarrier modulation using quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and they are evaluated over both the low CD 1320-nm wavelength and the more dispersive 1360-nm wavelength. It is demonstrated that OOK exhibits the best receiver sensitivity over all distances up to 70 km at the 1320-nm channel, whereas KK-QPSK achieves the optimal transmission performance at the 1360-nm wavelength when the reach is extended beyond 50 km. We consider that our results provide useful insights into possible future implementations of longer-reach O-band WDM systems.


We report the results of experimental and numerical simulation studies of the scaling of field emitter array (FEA) gate apertures to 100 nm. Electrostatic simulation indicate that by scaling the gate aperture, it is possible to fabricate devices that will support flat panel display applications at a gate voltage of 15 V. Devices have been successfully evaluated and performed in agreement with simulation. We demonstrated 100 nm gate aperture FEAs that turned on at gate voltages as low as 12 V and achieved a current density of 10 /spl mu/A/cm/sup 2/ at 17 V. The results also indicate that current density can be modulated by three orders of magnitude with a gate voltage swing of 5 V.


In this article, I argue that a trans-Atlantic account of the constellations of race and religion demands that we understand racist thinking to be constituted by complex conceptual formations and relations. The failure to identify the conceptual complexity and interactive relations in racist thinking has led to universalist and exclusionary definitions of racist thinking and limited conceptions of the constellations of race and religion. Because the supposed universal definitions of racist thinking are formulated from particular regions of the trans-Atlantic, it has led to the masking and rejection of other formations of racist thinking from other regions of the trans-Atlantic. To avoid this, this article proposes a Trans-Atlantic Interactive and Relational Approach (TAIRA) that can help us to continue unmasking and understanding the trans-Atlantic connections between race and religion.


Measurements are always subject to errors resulting from the interaction of the measurement device with the quantity being measured. Electro-magnetic fields are typically detected with an antenna that must be electrically connected to a recording instrument, and the antenna and its electrical connection can significantly perturb the field being measured. The use of fiber optics in the detection process minimizes the perturbation of the microwave fields since most of the probe and its associated connections are dielectric. This paper presents preliminary results obtained using a commercially available fiber optic thermometer in the measurement of microwave power. A small amount of slightly conductive material is placed in contact with the fiber optic sensor. In the presence of a microwave field, currents are induced in the conductive material, which in turn produces joule heating. It is shown experimentally that under certain conditions the probe temperature is linearly related to the power level present. Experimental results are presented for power measurements at 2.45 and 94 GHz. Probe design criteria and limitations are also discussed.


The paper focuses on the building of nurses' timetabling and surgical teams knowing the weekly schedule. The objective of the sequential approach adopted is to be able to do teams with high affinities while using the nurses efficiently. The problem is modeled as a mixed integer program and offers flexibility to consider any work pattern. The model is tested on real hospital data.


This paper presents a new meshless numerical scheme to overcome the problem of shock waves and to apply boundary conditions in cases of dam-break flows in channels with constant and variable widths. The numerical program solves shallow water equations based on the discrete mixed subdomain least squares (DMSLS) meshless method with collocation points. The DMSLS meshless method is based on the minimization of a least squares functional defined as the weighted summation of the squared residuals of the governing equations over the entire domain and requiring the summation of residual function to be zero at collocation points in boundary subdomains. The collocated discrete subdomain meshless method is applied on the boundary, whereas the collocated discrete least squares meshless technique is applied to the interior domain. The meshless scheme extends for dam-break formulation of shallow water equations. The model is verified by comparing computed results with analytical and experimental data for constant and varying width channels. The developed model is also used to study one-dimensional dam-break problems involving different flow situations by considering changes to the channel width, a bumpy channel with various downstream boundary conditions, and the effects of bed friction and bed slope as source terms on wave propagation. The accuracy of the results is acceptable.


It is a challenging task to provide real-time, realistic 3D graphics on mobile devices like PDAs, Smart phones, etc. for resource constraints. Considering the mobile devices are lack of powerful 3D graphics hardware support, in this paper we present a point-based rendering of 3D models - that is, getting regular sampling points in 3D space and then projecting all the sampling points to the screen by splatting. It has better performance results and can represent various information of object. It also has optimal rendering throughput.


Recently Taguchi method is used to decide optimum processing conditions with narrow dispersion for robust design. In this method, several control and noise factors are selected and used in the later experiment. Control factors are equal to the design factors. Noise factors are occurred for the error of function on the product. All combinations using all control factors are compressed by an orthogonal table. Then the experiment or the CAE analysis with influence of noise factors is performed by the orthogonal table. At last, the average and the standard deviation regarding all combinations using all parameters are calculated for the SN ratio. Then most of users write the effective figure of the control factors and zealously search the combination of the control factors for large SN ratio. A product using the combination isn't influenced by noise factors. In this study, the new method for evaluation of influence regarding control factors using inverse analysis of the Taguchi methods is developed and evaluated. SN ratio and sensitivity in the final results of the Taguchi methods consist of the average and the standard deviation. The average and the standard deviation regarding each lever of each control factor is calculated using the final results of the Taguchi method. Both the average and the standard deviation have the several influences of the noise factors. Therefore most designer can understand the influence regarding each lever of each control factor under environment of several noise factors. We have made the software and evaluated by the experiment using a paper craft (Kami-koputa). It is concluded from the result that (1) the new method using inverse analysis of the Taguchi methods is developed and (2) the software developed was effective for evaluation of influence regarding control factors.


Sustainability is back on the world development agenda since the United Nations discuss the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals for the post-2015 era. Indicators to monitor development for sustainability at the global or national level have already been developed in the past. But little research has been conducted to develop indicators at the innovation level that help decide which agricultural innovation would be the more sustainable to promote or adopt in a developing country context. To address this question, this study presents a way to assess the sustainability of three agricultural innovations that are suitable specifically for poor and vulnerable people in urban and rural areas, respectively. In particular, the study examined ecological sanitation in rural areas of North Bihar, India, riverbed farming in the Terai region of Nepal, and vegetable production in sacks that is suitable in urban areas. The underlying data was collected from experts of the respective innovations based on a questionnaire that was sent out by email. More than 300 experts were contacted in three "calls for application" of the SATNET Asia project. Experts were asked to provide information on selected criteria determining the environmental sustainability, economic development, social inclusion, as well as technical sustainability of an innovation. Overall, thirty one innovations were described by experts of which three were selected for this study because of their relevance for rural and urban settings. Field visits were conducted to comprehensively validate the information provided by experts for two of the three innovations. Composite sustainability indicators were calculated based on the SATNET Asia analytical framework. Results are presented graphically and compared with reference technologies. The analytical framework is discussed in terms of its applicability to agricultural innovations with a data scarce background. Possibilities to accommodate other criteria like impacts on migration, health, and nutrition are suggested.


Photocopy of a handkerchief held at the point at which reached water at 7:30 am Saturday morning, May 18, 1935. The photograph is of the underpass under Santa Fe on the Denton/ponder highway.


The current paper reviews various instruments of trade policy available at the disposal of the government to influence imports and exports. In the context of growing inclination of many countries towards adopting protectionist policies, the paper describes various methods adopted by modern countries to discourage imports. The paper has been divided into three parts. The first section introduces the need and importance of the topic. The second section illustrates various tariff and non-tariff instruments of trade policy which can be adopted to discourage imports. The last section concludes the paper with a word of caution while using protectionist policies.


The author provides a national perspective of changes which have occurred with a particular emphasis on the public safety role of the Commonwealth Government and its changing relationship with the States and Territories, the direction Emergency Management Australia is taking and the changes affecting the emergency management community. (non- author abstract)


The method of inducing an irreducible representation of a group from that of a subgroup is extended. This generalized induction process is illustrated to occur in applications and to account for some occurrences of ''intermediate'' or ''hidden'' symmetry. Some general results are proved, including a reciprocity theorem relating general induction and subduction processes.


When in 1872 the English Reverend Alexander King, Secretary of the Freedmen's Mission Aid Society, returned to Blackheath (London) from his travels in the American West, he wrote a letter to the editor of the London Observer. Said he: "I believe our great national problem … must be solved by … the British occupation of America. Emigration, on a grand scale, to the trans-Mississippi regions will prove the destiny of the Anglo-Saxon people, and our cheapest and most effectual remedy for some of our most formidable national evils."


Background/Aims: The treatment of choice for Hydatidosis is surgery, but before evacuation of a cyst, protoscolicidal agents are needed to be injected to prevent a secondary cyst formation and the spreading of the disease. This study was performed to determine the protoseolicidal effect of various concentrations of hypertonic glucose in an animal model infected to hydatid cyst. Methods: Sheep liver hydatid cyst surface were sterilized by heat and the cyst contents were evacuated completely and transferred into falcon tubes, where protoscolices were precipitated and separated. The viability of protoseolices was determined by using eosin stain method. A total of 1500 protoscolices were exposed to 0.5% cetrimide, 0.5% silver nitrate, 0.9% and 20% sodium chloride and 10%, 15%, 25%, and 50% concentrations of glucose with exposure times of one, 2 and 5 minutes and were injected into the peritoneal cavity of 5 BALB/c mice for each agent. The animals were kept for 9 months and then were autopsied. Blood sample for countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CCIEP) was provided and the animals were examined for presence of any cyst in peritoneal cavity and recorded. Results: A total of 40 BALB/C mice were used in all exposure times while 24, 21 and 32 mice survived when exposed to different protoscilicidal agents after 1, 2 and 5 minutes respectively. None of the mice were infected to cysts after exposure to 50% hypertonic glucose solution. Identical to 50% glucose solution no infection was noticed for 0.5% cetrimide and 20% sodium chloride solutions too. The CCIEP results of animals indicating to cyst formation confirmed the presence of antibody in the circulation. Conclusions: Similarity of 50% glucose solution and cetrimide and 20% sodium chloride in complete killing of protoscolices present it as potent protoscolicidal agent and the side effects of cetrinide and hypertonic sodium chloride indicate to further studies on probable side effects.


For the frequent failure of the incinerator blower in sulfur recovery unit,analyzed the causes and did some reforming.Achieved the purpose of reducing equipment failure.


The Australian IDNDR Coordination Committee gained international recognition for their efforts within the South Pacific Region where they played the lead role in rejuvenating disaster management programs under the IDNDR banner. Their efforts are complemented and extended by the four year, multi-agency funded program known as the South Pacific Disaster Reduction Project aimed at strengthening disaster management infrastructure and capabilities of Pacific Island Countries.


A model is presented to represent the nonlinear visco-elastic behavior, particularly the creep behavior, of polymeric solids like textile fibers. The equations obtained are shown to predict approximately the creep and creep-rate curves for a nylon 6 filament.


AbstractObservations of upper-ocean dynamics close to the critical latitude (ratio of the local inertial to diurnal frequency is 0.94) from a range of platforms (surface currents using HF radar, moored instruments, and satellite remote sensing data) off southwest Australia indicated the presence of energetic, near-inertial waves generated through the diurnal–inertial resonance. During the austral summer, when southerly winds and land–sea breeze (LSB) system dominated the wind regime, strong counterclockwise diurnal motions (amplitudes surpassing 0.3 m s−1) penetrated to 300-m depth with diurnal vertical isotherm fluctuations up to 60 m. The upward phase propagation speed of ~140 m day−1, deep penetration of diurnal currents below the mixed layer, and the ~180° phase difference between the upper and lower water column suggested that the local LSB system caused the resonant diurnal motions. Relative vorticity fluctuations along two cross-shore transects indicated changes to the local effective Coriolis freq...


This paper explores the relationship between the politics and power in an enterprise,arguing that they are interwoven.Whether during organizational life-cycle or in the process of its learning,strategic formulation and change,organizational politics has the natures of the universality and unavoidability.It has both positive and negative effects,and sometimes using political skills is a better way to solve problems.So the paper concludes that enterprises should develop its positive effect and allow their members to proactively use political skills and tactics only if they don't pursue their self-interests alone.


The yield stress of polymers is pressure dependent, unlike that of metals. So this stress in polymers has to be defined by an inverse rule of mixtures expression. In addition, an overwhelming number of polymers fail by tensile crack propagation when sheared. This is true for most of the polymers used for fiber reinforcement. So the failure of laminates under shear loading is complex, involving some polymer tensile fracture together with some fiber flexure and tensile fracture as well. V notch and two-rail shear data are given for a range of unidirectional and multidirectional laminates. Shear delamination results are also discussed.

Keywords:

tensile strength;
compressive strength;
shear yielding;
shear strength and modulus;
shear delamination;
polymer chains


A novel method has been developed to bias the insertion of structured particles into dense phases during grand canonical and Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The method biases the orientation rather than the position of a trial insertion. The method has been shown to increase the acceptance rate by a factor of two. It has been used in Gibbs ensemble simulations of TIPS2 and TIP4P water at and above ambient temperature, and points on a coexistence curve have been simulated. The TIP4P model has been shown to reproduce experimental data much more closely than the TIPS2 model.


Without an agreed‐upon set of characteristics that differentiate clinical from nonclinical levels of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), it is difficult to ensure that FCR severity is appropriately measured, and that those in need of intervention are identified. The objective of this study was to establish expert consensus on the defining features of clinical FCR.


Evanescent fields photo-generated on the surface of photorefractive Fe-doped LiNbO3 templates have been used to trap and align anisotropic zeolite micro-cylinders. x- and z-cut crystal configurations have been employed to obtain different 1D and 2D zeolite micro-patterns. Inside of the patterns, a substructure of zeolites aligned along the electric field, either parallel or perpendicular to the surface, have been obtained. The experiments have been analyzed to the light of a theoretical analysis that satisfactorily explains the main experimental features.


e19515 Background: AYA with cancer are a constituency with unique psychosocial and medical needs. Currently, adult oncology programmes are not adequately meeting these needs; focused attention through innovative approaches and programmes are necessary. The objective of this study was to identify important information and service needs of AYA cancer patients.

METHODS
A modified, validated version of Zebrack's (2008) supportive care needs survey was administered to ambulatory patients (< age 35 years) who were on therapy or within 5 years of completing therapy. Participants were asked to rate the importance of 18 different sources of information or resources in an AYA programme, on a scale from 1-10. A score of ≥8 was set as the cut off indicating significant importance.

RESULTS
Median age of the respondents was 28 years (range 17-35); 61% were male. The most common diagnoses were: lymphoma (28%), leukemia (19%), testis (16%), CNS (9.5%) and sarcoma (8.6%). 40% were currently receiving cancer treatment; the majority were single/never married (67%) and lived at home with their parents (47%) or with a partner (33%). Only 38% of respondents felt it was important or very important to receive their care in a dedicated unit with other young people. More than 80% rated the following items as significantly important: information on their specific malignancy (treatment, risk of recurrence), effects of treatment on fertility, information on maintaining a healthy diet, and exercise/physical fitness during cancer treatment. 50-80% of respondents rated certain items as significantly important including: information on alternative therapy; treatment of infertility; automatic referral to a social worker; counselling to help family members cope; vocational training/education; and counselling for depression, anxiety and emotional stress. Substance abuse counselling and spiritual care resources were rated as significant by < 20% of the sample.

CONCLUSIONS
AYAs have clear supportive care preferences and needs. Developing programmes that incorporate the services identified as important should improve quality of life, psychosocial adjustment and other outcomes during and after cancer therapy.


Simple Summary The study of the morphological, physiological and molecular changes associated with the domestication process has been one of the most interesting unresolved neuroanatomical issues. The olfactory system deserves special attention since both wild and domestic canids are macrosmatic mammals with very high olfactory capacities. Nevertheless, the question remains open as to whether domestication involuted the sense of smell in domestic dogs. Further, there is a lack of comparative morphological information on the olfactory bulb, the first structure integrating olfactory sensory information in the brain. To provide comparative information on the domestication process, we studied the olfactory bulb of dogs and their two most important wild ancestors: the wolf and the fox. The study was carried out by macroscopic dissection and histological and immunohistochemical techniques and has allowed us to verify, first of all, that the three species present olfactory bulbs corresponding to a macrosmatic animal, but that there are noticeable differences not only in size, which was already known, but also in the cellularity and intensity of the immunohistochemical pattern characteristic of each species. These variations point to a reduction of the olfactory system as a consequence of the selection pressure associated with the domestication of animals. Abstract The sense of smell plays a fundamental role in mammalian survival. There is a considerable amount of information available on the vomeronasal system of both domestic and wild canids. However, much less information is available on the canid main olfactory system, particularly at the level of the main olfactory bulb. Comparative study of the neuroanatomy of wild and domestic canids provides an excellent model for understanding the effects of selection pressure associated with domestication. A comprehensive histological (hematoxylin–eosin, Nissl, Tolivia and Gallego's Trichrome stains), lectin (UEA, LEA) and immunohistochemical (Gαo, Gαi2, calretinin, calbindin, olfactory marker protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, microtubule-associated protein 2) study of the olfactory bulbs of the dog, fox and wolf was performed. Our study found greater macroscopic development of the olfactory bulb in both the wolf and fox compared to the dog. At the microscopic level, all three species show a well-developed pattern of lamination and cellularity typical of a macrosmatic animal. However, greater development of cellularity in the periglomerular and mitral layers of wild canids is characteristic. Likewise, the immunohistochemical study shows comparable results between the three species, but with a noticeably higher expression of markers in wild canids. These results suggest that the reduction in encephalization experienced in dogs due to domestication also corresponds to a lower degree of morphological and neurochemical differentiation of the olfactory bulb.


The effect of different nitrogen fertilizers on dynamic transformation of phosphorus fertilizer in paddy soil under flooding condition was studied in indoor incubation experiments.The results showed that all nitrogen fertilizers hardly influenced soil available phosphorus on the first day incubation,while greatly reduced soil solution phosphorus.And then,the NH-4NO-3 and Ca(NO-3)-2 treatments increased both soil available and solution phosphorus notably,and the(NH-4Cl) and(NH-4)-2SO-4 treatments decreased soil solution phosphorus a little,affected soil available phosphorus little.And to the urea treatment,both soil available and solution phosphorus were increased on the fifteenth and thirty-fifth day incubation,and had little difference from the control on the seventieth and one hundred and fifth day incubation.


This paper discusses the fl ame ionization effect on the combustion processes in gaseous suspensions of the dispersed fuels. It is shown that the two-phase fl ame ionization affects almost all the processes of the fuel conversion – kinetics of the dispersed fuel combustion, processes of the interphase heat and mass transfer, processes of the nucleation and coagulation in the fl ame, formation of nanoscale products of the metal particles combustion. It is shown that the electrostatic interaction between the charged nanoparticles and ions or polar molecules in the gaseous phase leads to the appearance of molecular "pumps" that can signifi cantly change the kinetics of the heterogeneous chemical reactions and the heat exchange between particles and gas. The infl uence of the thermal ionization of the fl ame on the nucleation mechanism and rate in gas-dispersed systems is discussed. The possibility of a barrier-free homogenous and heterogeneous nucleation in the dusty fl ame of metallic particles is shown. The effect of electrostatic and polarizing interactions of ions and molecules on the kinetics of the ternary gas-phase reactions is considered. The infl uence of the monodisperse aerosol ionization degree on the kinetics of its coagulation is analyzed. It is concluded that electrostatic interaction between the particles strongly affects the inhibition of the coagulation process in gas-phase combustion products and the possibility of very fast (explosive) charged particle coagulation of monodisperse aerosols. The possibility of the targeted size of metal oxides nanoparticles control, controlled ionizing of dusty fl ames and the role of ion particle entrainment, the dependency of their size of the fl ame ionization degree are discussed. Some effects arising in complex plasma of condensed combustion products under its own electric fi elds in fl ames, also when the burning dust is entrained into a constant electric field and their practical applications for diagnosis are considered.


The present ecological investigation communicates the macrophytic diversity of six wetlands of Jammu region comprising of three lacustrine wetlands viz. Surinsar, Mansar and Sanasar and three riverine wetlands i.e., Gharana, Kukarian and Pargwal. A total of 43 macrophytic species belonging to 34 genera and 24 families with 30 monocot species and 13 dicots were recorded, thereby showing the dominance of monocot flora. Among various ecological groups, emergent with 22 species showed qualitative dominance over submersed (13 species) and rooted floatingleaved types=free-floating types (4 species each). The present study revealed that there is no well-marked variation in the macrophytic groups among the studied wetlands and mostly mixed distribution was observed. Maximum macrophytic diversity was recorded in Mansar wetland (26) followed by Pargwal (22), Surinsar (16), Gharana (14), Kukarian (14) and Sanasar (11). The present study provides a baseline information on the macropytes of wetlands for subsequent research on the vital aspects of these aquatic ecosystems and would be helpful in planning management strategies.


According to the invention, there is provided at least in the joining region between two members (1, 2) assembled one to the other of the X-ray image intensifier, a coating which completely covers at least the assembly zone. The assembly serves in particular to seal the sealing assembly defects.


This study aims to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particle board from veneer waste based on the press time and concentration of urea formaldehyde, as well as to determine the best pressing time and adhesive concentration, so as to produce physical and mechanical properties that meet JIS A 5908: 2003 standards. The method used in this research were a factorial experiment in random design complete (RAL) with two factors are factor A (pressing time) consists of 7 minutes and 9 minutes, and factor B (urea formaldehyde concentration) consists of concentrations of 12%, 14% and 16%. The particle board size is 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm with a target density of 0,8g/cm3 and pressed at 165°C with a pressure of 30 kg/cm2. The results showed that density values 0,7640 gr/cm³, water content 8,4509%, water absorption 40,4108%, thickness development 9,9308%, MOE 19.290,5877 kg/cm², MOR 370,5011 kg/cm², IB 2,9925 kg/cm², the screw holding strength 146,7145 kg. In general, all test values meet the JIS A 5908: 2003 standards except thickness swelling and MOE. The best particle board is a particle board made of with a pressing time of 9 minutes with a concentration of urea formaldehyde of 16%.Keywords: pressing time, urea formaldehyde concentration, particle board, veneer waste


We have studied color tracking of a fringe-field driven homogenously aligned nematic liquid crystal (LC) cell with negative dielectric anisotropy and compared it with other devices such as the twisted nematic(TN) and in-plane switching(IPS) modes. According to studies, the TN device shows bluish color at grey scale and even at a low retardation cell it cannot avoid color tracking. The authentic IPS device having cell retardation value of 0.23 also shows bluish white color. However, the FFS device shows excellent color tracking characteristics even at high retardation value of the cell while keeping high transmittance and greenish white.


Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most common and aggressive adult primary brain tumors. Genetic alterations and their consequences in these malignant astrocytomas have been studied extensively and include (i) overexpression of growth factors and their corresponding receptors (fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factors), (ii) abnormalities of transduction signaling pathways (activation of PI3 kinase/AKT, RAS/MAP kinase, and protein kinase C), or (iii) disruption of cell cycle arrest (loss of p16INK4A and p14ARF, mutations in p53 protein, and PTEN) (1). Whether these modifications are causative or participate in tumor progression is a pivotal question that can best be answered by modeling glioma formation in mice. In this issue of PNAS, Kamnasaran et al. (2) combine genetically engineered murine (GEM) models of gliomas with a retroviral gene-trapping approach to identify new molecular alterations in human gliomas.


According to the producing,inventory and sales management process of a small mattress producing enterprise,this paper presents the analysis,design and implementation of a production and sales Management system for the enterprise.The practical running shows that the system can satisfy the business requirements and achieves the expected goal.


"To enact an energy research and development program to ensure reliable energy and job security" i Disclaimer This report is the culmination of a two semester workshop course in the Master of Public Administration in Environmental Science and Policy program at Columbia University. The purpose of this workshop is to explore real legislation that has not yet been enacted. The summer semester explored the scientific components behind the environmental problems and the technological solutions that H.R. 1640 offers. The fall semester focused on an implementation plan for the legislation. The plan detailed in this report is a recommendation by this graduate class team. Our simulated implementation plan is as real as feasible within our academic constraints.


Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) in children have a high prevalence that can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Antibiotics are prescribed more often than recommendations in the guidelines. This study aims to evaluate the rationality of antibiotic use and the occurrence of drug interactions in pediatric patients diagnosed with ARI at one of the hospitals in Pontianak based on some parameters such as right drug, right dose, and right duration as well as the incidence of drug interactions. Data collection was carried out based on medical record data which was carried out with a total sampling technique, namely taking all data that met the inclusion criteria.This research is a descriptive cross sectional design and retrospective data collection using patient medical records. Samples were taken by total sampling method. The results obtained from 131 patients consisting of 172 visits, right drug (131), right dose (93), and right duration (77).


OBJECTIVE To develope enantiomeric separation method for mexiletine enantiomers in human serum albumin.METHODS The mexiletine enantiomers were separated on a C18 column after chiral derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (GITC).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.01 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) (1∶1) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.R-esmolol was used as the internal standard.The UV detection wavelength was set at 250 nm.RESULTS The mexiletine enantiomers and internal standard were separated on base-line.The intra-day and inter-day variations were less than 15%.The assay linearity was determined over the range of 0.1~40.0 mg·L-1,r=0.999 5. CONCLUSION The method established is accurate,precision,sensitive and specific.The validated method has been used for protein binding studies of mexiletine enantiomers.


Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), irrespective of their localization, are a therapeutic challenge. Available imaging modalities permit complete identification of lesions and definition of their relation to adjacent tissues. Conventional arteriography is now replaced by noninvasive techniques, mainly the CT scan. Duplex scan provides a variety of information and confirms the diagnosis of AVM, pointing to the AV shunts by localizing the zones of shunts within the tissues, and by showing the main feeding arteries and draining veins. Flow measurement and its comparison between the limbs can also help in the determination and follow-up of hemodynamic changes. CT scan with contrast enhancement can identify precisely the zone of shunts within the tissue (intramuscular localization, intra-articular, or in the cellular space, most often around a joint). The 3D reconstruction visualizes the feeding arteries, the zones of shunt, and the draining veins better than arteriography.


Objective To study the effect of psychological intervention on emotional disorder and immunological function in patients with tumors . Method 68 tumor patients with emotional disorder were randomly divided into intervention group (n=35) and control group (n=33) , the former received health education and supportive therapy , some with major depression received antidepressant for 3 months . Three months later , both groups were assessed with SDS, SAS, HRSD and HAMA again , as well as assessments of their immune function by measuring serum IgG , IgA , IgM, C3 , C4 and sub groups of lymphocyte.Results The scores of SDS ,SAS, HRSD and HAMA in intervention group were lower 3 months later than the control group (P0.05 or 0.01). The levels of IgG, IgM and CD 3 +, CD 4 +, CD 8 +, CD 16 + in intervention group were higher 3 months later than the control group (P0.05 or 0.01) . Conclusion Psychological intervention has positive effect on emotional disorder and immunological functions in patient with tumors .


Cooperatives are indispensable institutions for addressing structural problems facing Ethiopia, and are believed to play a prominent role in achieving goals of the broad development policy and strategy of the country. This study was conducted with a general objective of analyzing the role of cooperatives to Ethiopian Economy by looking at specific objectives such as analyzing cooperative development trends in Ethiopia; analyzing the role of cooperatives in agricultural input supply, export earnings; assessing employment generation role of cooperatives; and identifying constraints that affect cooperative development in Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data together with descriptive analysis are used in this study. The primary data is collected using expert interviews. Cooperatives have played significant role in the recently registered successive agricultural growth in the country, by serving as major agricultural input supplier and distribution channel throughout the country. They also contribute a lot to the national foreign exchange earnings, availing finance and employment provision. Cooperatives' membership trend has been significantly increasing in the country. On the other hand, cooperatives are not sensitive to gender mainly because of their limited women membership. But cooperatives are hampered by several constraining factors that hinder their utmost contribution and role in the economy. The cooperatives have limited engagement in various business areas and their operation is dominated by agricultural input delivery activities.


The article identifies the main trends and changes taking place in the labor market under the influence of digitalization of the economy, putting forward new requirements for the importance of personnel competencies related to the ability to use digital technologies, the ability to adapt and build effective communications, decision-making in a rapidly changing and uncertain environment. The object of the study is the management system for the formation and development of soft skills of enterprise personnel in the digital economy. The subject of the research is the structure of enterprise personnel soft skills, formed taking into account the requirements of the digital economy. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the management system development for the formation of soft skills of enterprise personnel in accordance with the requirements and conditions of the digital economy, integrated into the human resource management system of the enterprise. The research objectives: to identify the main trends and requirements to the modern employee in the labor market, due to the digitalization of the economy; to review the views of scientists on the definition of soft skills; to identify the importance of these skills for the development of the national economy under conditions of digitalization; to identify the prerequisites for creating a management system for the formation and development of soft skills personnel at the level of human resources management system and to characterize its elements. The main research methods used in the work include the analysis and comprehension of the open source base on the research problem; analysis of digital transformations and the main trends in the labor market; theoretical review of scientists' views on the definition of "soft skills", analysis of its components, modeling, system approach and principles of general management theory to the formation and development of "soft skills" when implementing personnel management functions using end-to-end technologies. The key role of soft skills in the structure of employee competencies in the conditions of rapid information and technological changes and the shortening of the life cycle of professions is outlined. The review of various points of view of scientists on the definition of soft skills is carried out, on the basis of which their systematization and distribution by functions of management and personnel management for the selection of appropriate end-to-end technologies for their formation and development is carried out. The necessity is substantiated and a management system for the formation and development of soft skills of the company's personnel integrated into the personnel management system is developed. The variants of implementing the functions of managing the formation and development of soft skills of personnel using end-to-end technologies are proposed.


The urban landscaping of the capital city Beijing has made remarkable achievements in the sixty years since the founding of P. R. China. Careful review and summary of its development process and experiences is helpful for the healthy development of urban landscaping in the future. Highlighting the ecological nature and advocating the natural simplicity will certainly become the development trend in the future. Landscaping of the capital city should comply with the concept,meet challenges,seize opportunities,accelerate development,and improve the level,and build the capital into one of the national first-class eco-garden cities in 2020.


BACKGROUND: Lymph node retrieval in colorectal cancer can be improved by using advanced histopathological techniques like methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection, which results in a doubling or even tripling of the lymph node count in comparison with conventional lymph node dissection techniques. However, it is not clear whether the established lymph node staging systems are suitable for predicting patients' prognoses under these circumstances. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the current lymph node staging systems are suitable when advanced dissection methods are used. DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PATIENTS: We formed a study group (methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection) of 293 patients and a control group (conventional lymph node dissection) of 232 patients, each with node-positive cases. Conventional pN staging according to the International Union Against Cancer, seventh edition, and lymph node ratio were applied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall survival was compared by using the different staging systems in a uni- and multivariable fashion. RESULTS: The lymph node ratio values were reduced in the advanced methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection group in comparison with the conventional lymph node dissection group (0.1 vs 0.3, p < 0.001). Although pN staging proved to be reliable, the cutoff values for lymph node ratio staging had to be adapted. The new cutoffs (0.07, 0.15, and 0.34) were prognostic. However, multivariable analysis revealed pN staging and vascular invasion, but not lymph node ratio, as independently prognostic in the methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection group. LIMITATIONS: The study group and historical control group are not perfectly balanced because the case number in the stage III subgroup of the control group is small. CONCLUSIONS: pN staging proved to be a robust prognostic marker in colorectal cancer under the circumstances of improved lymph node harvest. After adaptation of the cutoff values, lymph node ratio is also prognostic but not superior to pN staging.


A b s t r a c t . The paper discusses the issue of introduction of new educational technologies as a tool for developing students' communicative competence in foreign language learning. The study is aimed at analyzing the impact of digital story creation in a foreign language on the development of students' foreign language communicative competence, their motivation to learn a foreign language and their adaptation to academic environment. Review of literature on readiness of modern higher education to wide implementation of e-learning components is given; reasons preventing their introduction into teaching of foreign languages are described. Analysis of implementing digital storytelling in a foreign language teaching is presented. The impact of the first- year students' participation in creation of digital stories on their lan guage learning motivation and adaptation to university environment is considered. The data, collected from surveys and digital stories, created by students and assessed by university teaching staff, were analyzed. The results prove a positive impact of dig ital storytelling educational technology on students' motivation in foreign language learning, as well as on the process of first- year students' adaptation to academic environment. The results also demonstrate that creation of digital stories contributes to formation and development of variety of learners competences, including foreign language communicative competence and helps improve students' soft skills. The contribution of each author in this research is the following: E.


Model reduction approximates a high-order system by one of lower-order and is often necessary for simulation and control of large-scale systems to be feasible. A popular method of model reduction is balanced truncation, since it preserves stability of the original model and has a computable error bound. However, balanced truncation involves solving Lyapunov equations, which are unfeasible to solve exactly for systems of orders larger than 10^3. In this paper, methods for approximating the solutions, which would make balanced truncation applicable to high-order models, are discussed and compared. The methods considered are the regular and extended Krylov subspace methods of Y. Saad and V. Simoncini, respectively. Theoretical discussions and numerical experiments are used to compare their convergence rates and suitability for balanced truncation. Numerical experiments demonstrate faster convergence for the extended Krylov subspace method than the regular Krylov subspace method. Futhermore, balanced truncation, when using the extended Krylov subspace method, shows increased accuracy in approximating the original model than when using the regular Krylov subspace method. The approximation accuracy shows to be particularly increased for low frequency inputs with the extended rather than the regular Krylov subspace method.


In the Berlin magical papyrus 5026, 11. 126 ff., in the course of a \0709 addressed to Apollo, these words occur: 67m elp.i 6 Seiva, oaris <roi dtrijvTrjaa, KM B&pov poi eZcopriaw rr)v TOV fieyUrrov aov ovofiaro'; yv&aiv, oi> f\ i/rj^o? 0~^Cj0. The text of this papyrus was newly collated for Preisendanz's edition by Wilcken and Kroll, and we may therefore accept the numeral 9999 as correct, although Parthey read only Bp. After the numeral follows a long series of combinations of the vowels, extending over four lines of the column. I n a note on the passage Preisendanz remarks, "Der Zahlenwert 9999 ist aus den Vokalgruppen nicht ermittelbar." No single group nor the sum of them all will yield this number. To search for a formula which would give this numerical value would be the idlest of idle tasks; but since a coincidence has suggested to me a plausible explanation of the number, it seems worth while to call it to the attention of those who are interested in Graeco-Egyptian magic. About two years ago I purchased in Athens a " gnostic " stone which is a good speci men of a type known from several other examples (PI. ix, fig. 3). I t is a dark red jasper, shading at the lower right-hand edge into dark green, oval in shape, and about 19 by 14 mm. in size; the setting, a modern gold ring of good workmanship, covers a small part of the margin. The centre of the field (Fig. 1) is occupied by a figure of the child Harpocratcs seated upon a lotus in a papyrus boat, of which the right-hand extremity is rudely shaped into the head of some animal, possibly an ox. The god Fig. 1. faces to the left, his right hand is raised to his mouth, and with his left he holds a whip, the lash hanging over his shoulder. Above his head are three scarabs in a horizontal row, under these the moon to left and a star to right. Facing the figure of Harpocrates are three birds (hawks?) in a vertical row, behind him three goats similarly arranged. Under the boat to left there are three crocodiles vertically arranged, to right three snakes. The whole design is surrounded by a serpent with his tail in his mouth. On the back of the stone is an inscription cut in the rough capitals with strongly marked serifs which are characteristic of such stones (Fig. 2). I t reads X A B P A X O N E C X H P 4>IXPO 4>NTP00 OOOXCO BOOX


This paper reports the initial findings from a National Science Foundation supported study of IT personnel transition. The findings are the result of a revealed causal mapping process (Nelson et al. 2000) that elicited what IT personnel believe are the constructs and concepts of IT personnel transition. This paper reveals new knowledge and insight into factors that enable IT personnel to transition as their organization evolves.


The fusion of remote sensing images can take advantage of multi-resource RS data.Since the data from different kinds of remote sensor have different characteristics,the corresponding fusion method applied to different data should also be different.After discussing the fusion method of ASTER multispectral and SPOT panchromatic wave bands,and contrastively analyzing PCA,IHS and the IHS fusion based on wavelet transformation,it has found out that the IHS fusion based on wavelet transformation is better for keeping multispectral information of overground objects with heightening the spacial resolution as well.


[Objective] To study the knowledge and attitude of people with HIV/AIDS towards AIDS-related discrimination in medical field,and to provide information for carrying out effective measures of preventing AIDS-related discrimination.[Methods] 48 people with HIV/AIDS were surveyed through in-depth individual interview,role-playing and observation.[Results] The existence of self-discrimination among the people with HIV/AIDS was common,and they were discriminated generally.[Conclusion] Psychological intervention should be adopted among the people with HIV/AIDS to reduce discrimination.


Key influental factors for manager ethical behaviour in an enterprise can be settled into three areas: a) situational factors which make manager socialization; b) Individual manager characteristics (manager personallity); c) Structural characteristic of the organization (organizational climate and culture) which influence manager ethical behaviour. Purpose of this paper is to discuss important role of moral learning in arising and resolving management moral crisis. Influenting on key factors of manager ethical behaviour can be offered some practice oriented instructions.The paper is structured in three basic segments. In the first segment there are discussed values as ethical basis and its manifestations (prosocial, asocial, antisocial behaviour) with factors which models such behaviours. In the second segment is discussed management moral crisis and its basic causes with suggestions for their resloving and elimination. Finally, in the third segment there are explored some important humanistic manager values (correct doing, truth, love, peace, nonviolence) and some of important values of old scientific management direct connected with managerial efficacy (responsibility, discipline, diligence, persistence) and possible ways of its practical ethical education in order to get more manager integrity (resolve present moral management crisis) in managerial behaviour. The conclusion is that manager moral crisis can be resolved by three main instructions: a) Managerial socialization through correct rewarding and punishing. b) Managerial selection according proper professional and psychological profile in order to promote manager capacity for prosocial (ethical) behaviour, and to decrease asocial and antisocial behaviour (expecially by avoiding psychopatological manager profile). c) Value education in key humanistic values (correct doing, truth, love, peace, nonviolence) and other important values of scientific management (responsibility, discipline, diligence and persistence).


LoRaWAN is a promising solution of Low-power wide area network (LPWAN) operating in unlicensed spectrum to support long range wireless services for Internet of Things (IoTs). However, with the growth of IoT devices deployed in a fixed geographic area, the immunity to interference on the communication increases significantly. Attackers may utilize such situation to jam packet transmission by emitting RF interference signal at the same time when a LoRa end node is sending data to the LoRa gateway. As a consequence, the transmission of the LoRa end node would fail due to collision which would in turn reduce the network performance. In this paper, we implement a LoRa jammer on commercial LoRa devices by modifying the open source and figure out the proper setting of the jammer through three scenarios aiming to evaluate the influence of LoRa transmission configuration on jamming performance. Specifically, the impact of non-orthogonality of LoRa transmission on jamming effect is investigated. Possible countermeasures for LoRaWAN are then presented to alleviate the jamming attacks.


According to the equalization theory, new media levels the electoral playing field for smaller political parties to compete equally. The normalization theory, however, suggests the opposite – the major party continues to dominate the online space, just as it does offline. The question we ask is this: Does the Internet help the opposition parties in Singapore overcome structural disadvantages offline, or does it replicate the dominance of the ruling party? We assessed five political parties according to how well they use their websites and Facebook during the 2015 general election (GE15). Our study found an overall normalization effect, where the main party emerged as the best user of new media in their campaign, and the opposition parties' use of new media reflected their strengths offline. As most papers have focused on democratic countries, this paper plugs a research gap by bringing to focus social media and elections studies in a semi-authoritarian country.


Aim Professionalism has been linked with improved patient care and reduced complaints. Our goal was to define what, if any, differences exist in the professional values and behaviours of younger general practitioners (GPs), those aged 34 years and under, compared with their older colleagues, those being aged 55 years and over. Method An online cross-sectional questionnaire survey of GPs in Scotland was undertaken during 2018 using a modified version of the Nijmegen Professionalism Scale, which comprises 4 domains: professionalism towards patients, towards colleagues, towards society and towards oneself. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was undertaken between responses from both GP groups. Results 273 responses were obtained. Of these, 106 respondents were classed as either younger GPs (n=55; 51.9%) or older (n=51; 48.1%). The greatest number of differences were found in the Professional Distance subsection of professionalism towards patients. The greatest single disparity in responses was to distinguish between personal and professional interests in negotiations (p<0.0001). Younger GPs also reported they were less likely to bear the consequences of their own actions (p<0.02) and to be more likely to give others the blame or responsibility (p<0.006). Younger GPs report being less skilled in quality management, being less able to signal suboptimal care (p<0.006) and justify indications for making home visits (p<0.001). Conclusion While there were areas of similarity in relation to collaborating with colleagues, reflection on learning and dealing with emotions, differences were identified in relation to the 5 other subsections. Some differences may be explained by lack of exposure and experience, but this may not account for all the differences reported.


This article answers a question asked by many clinicians: 'There are students in my workplace, what next?'. Experience-based learning (ExBL), the evidence-informed theory we have progressively developed over 20 years, has provided answers and raised new questions. Our response has been to complement ExBL with an even finer-honed tool, which we introduce here. The acronym SMAC (Situation, Me, Act, and Check) summarises how clinicians can help students learn from encounters with patients. Before elaborating on SMAC, the next paragraph and Box 1 summarise how ExBL helps create environments that favour clinical learning. While ExBL was developed to educate medical students, it is founded on principles that make it transferable, potentially, to students of any health profession.


Abstract Hybrid films derived from two polymeric precursors of polyamic acid (HYBRID-PAA) and soluble polyimide (HYBRID-PI) were prepared via a sol–gel process from hydrolysed tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The UV-vis and scanning electron microscopy results show that two sizes of silica particles were acquired from PAA, while a single size of silica particles was acquired from PI. This phenomenon was induced by the carboxyl group in PAA. The differential scanning calorimetry results show that the glass transition temperature (T g) of the hybrid using PAA was 40°C higher than when using PI. The tensile strain stress test shows that the tensile strength and modulus of hybrid films from PAA are greater than that from PI; but the elongation at break of hybrid films from PAA is lower than that from PI. The dynamic mechanical analysis and thermal mechanical analysis tests further suggest that the thermal properties and mechanical properties are influenced by the morphology of hybrids.


Safety device for a spare-wheel pick-up system, comprising a sleeve (1) with a window (10), a support shaft (2) fixed to the cable, which is housed in the sleeve (1) and which is longitudinally movable in the interior of said sleeve (1), and an arm (4) with a coupling section (40), disposed outside the sleeve (1) and pivotable in relation to an axis of rotation (5) between a first position (P1) in which the coupling section (40) passes through the window (10) of the sleeve (1) and a second position in which said coupling section (40) is retracted in relation to said window (10). The device also comprises locking means adapted to prevent, when in the first position (P1), the arm (4) from moving from said first position (P1) to the second position when the cable snaps.


As China's socialist marketeconomy development and improvement,the operation and management of labor as a special,complex high-level mental value creation in the process plays an increasingly important role,therefore a deeper study of the operation and management of labor should be made.This article discusses the meaning of the operation and management of labor,characteristics and the role of value creation.


Taking four Chinese versions of William Blake's poem Auguries of Innocence as an example, this paper intends to describe the mediate characteristic of translation, which, existing between the source and the receptor languages, goes independently along the middle road. It also argues that translation as such a twilight zone would always provide new alternatives to the cultures concerned as resources and thus empower them ever increasingly in its ambiguous tension pulled toward two directions, making possible their coordination or common spirit in the Confucian sense.