The Digital Watermarking can be used to hide an image over a cover image and also for copyright protection. In particular, digital image watermarking algorithms based on DCT and DWT are most preferable than others. In this paper a hybrid watermarking technique has been introduced which combines DCT and DWT to produce the watermarked image. The proposed method allows us to get visible as well as the invisible watermarked image by changing the value of the scaling factor. Here in this paper, the perceptibility is measured using statistical parameters such as PSNR and MSE on different values of the scaling factor. Also, the effectiveness of this technique is measured for different types of attacks on the basis of BCR.


Virtualization is a technique that allows several virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical machine (PM) by adding a virtualization layer above the physical host's hardware. Many virt ...


WILL ENO (Playwright) lives in Brooklyn, New York. He is a Helen Merrill Playwriting Fellow, a Guggenheim Fellow, an Edward F. Albee Foundation Fellow, and was awarded the first-ever Marian Seldes/Garson Kanin Fellowship by the Theater Hall of Fame, for which he was nominated by Edward Albee. His play The Flu Season recently won the Oppenheimer Award, which is presented by NY Newsday for the best debut production in New York by an American playwright in the previous year. His plays have been produced by the Gate Theatre, the SOHO Theatre, and BBC Radio in London; the Rude Mechanicals Theater Company and Naked Angels in New York; Teatro Companhia Sutil in Brazil; and Hair of the Dog in Sydney, Australia. His new play Thom Pain (based on nothing) premiered in August 2004 at the Pleasance Theatre in Edinburgh and then transferred to the Soho Theatre in London in September. The play, in Edinburgh, won the coveted Fringe First Award, the Herald Angel Award, was cited by the Guardian as he best play at the Fringe, received many five-star reviews and played to sold-out audiences. Will's plays are published by Oberon Books, and have appeared in Harper's, The Antioch Review, The Quarterly and Best Ten-Minute Plays for Two Actors.


Introduction Technology has brought about profound changes in the advertising industry, affecting both consumers and businesses. These changes are mainly due to new technological tools that made it possible to target consumers based on their location, interests, age, and many other factors. Today, companies can tailor advertising campaigns based on the behavior of potential consumers from Internet usage, and send messages based on each consumer's geographical location, areas of interest, history of Internet browsing, and demographic characteristics. In addition, the impact of using smartphones has grown to such a great degree that it has become a necessity not only for communications but also for other things such as game playing and entertainment, reading, writing, shopping, social networking, teleworking, etc.


Most grading scales of Korean language proficiency tests are based on existing grading scales that are not empirically verified. The purpose of this study is to develop an empirically verified scale descriptor. The 'Performance data-driven approach' that is suggested by Fulcher (1987) was used to develop the detailed description of characteristics for each level of performance. This study is focused on the functional phase of speech samples analysis (coding data) to create explanatory categories of discourse skills into which individual observations of speech phenomena can be scored. The speech samples that were collected through this study demonstrated stages of speech that can be a foundation of a grading scale. The data used in the study was collected from 23 native speakers of Korean. Speech samples were recorded from simulated speaking tests using the 'REFUSAL' task, and transcribed for analysis. The transcript was analyzed using discourse analysis. The result showed that the 'REFUSAL' task needs to go through four functional phases in actual communication. Furthermore, this study found specific and detailed explanatory categories of discourse competence based on the actual native speaker's speech data. Such findings are expected to contribute to the development of more valid and reliable speaking assessment. (Ewha Womans University, George Mason University, Korea)


In accordance with technical reguirements of blast furnace reduction lead smelting and fuming furnace blowing high zinc slag,detriment of high zinc materials on lead smelting blast furnace was analyzed.Specific measure of processing high zinc materials in production practice were adopted


Much of the rearrangement of the Latin syntax by Notker Labeo in his classroom translation/commentaries is done according to a pedagogic principle called the ordo naturalis, which prescribes an SVO word order. A theoretical discussion of the ordo naturalis is preserved in a tenth-century treatise composed at St. Gall, and its practical application is found throughout Europe in the form of glosses and construe marks. My analysis shows that Notker varied the traditional and prescribed "natural order" according to the passage at hand, taking into consideration the level of textual difficulty and pedagogic relevance of the passage as well as the text-building strategies of the original. In a few instances Notker even sprinkled his personal variant of ordo naturalis with OHG word order. Notker expanded upon and modified tradition with his own pedagogic common sense, thus tailoring his teaching materials to the needs of the St. Gall pupils.


The effects of orally consumed cadmium on the functions of the kidney have been investigated in rats based on the reported level of the toxicant in Warri River. Relative to the corresponding controls there were significant (P -2 ; test 0.92 ± 0.26 X 10 -2 µg/ml) and glucose after 1-month (control 91.67 ± 3.39; test 102.75 ± 5.99 mg/dL) exposure. Twenty-four hours urine volume were significantly decreased (P 2+ - ATPase activities at the end of the 2 and 3 months exposure when compared to the controls. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 8 (1) 2004: 29 - 32


Tangerang Regency spans an area of 377.40 km2 of sea and 298.52 km2 of coastline. The ongoing pandemic has impacted the social systems of villages, particularly in terms of resource governance, including Suryabahari Village in Tangerang Regency. This community service aims to quickly identify the economic potential of coastal communities and raise awareness of the importance of rearranging the village's social system in light of recent changes brought on by the pandemic. The methods employed in this activity include discussions, interviews, and focus group discussions. Discussions were held with the Pakuhaji Sub-District Government and the Suryabahari Village Government to understand the village's potential and challenges. Interviews were conducted with a number of village community leaders to swiftly map the village's potential. Focus group discussions involved representatives from the sub-district government, village government, and the community. The results indicate that a majority of the community demonstrates a high level of resignation towards the changing environment, primarily due to a lack of awareness and available solutions. However, after receiving education, people began to recognize the environmental threats and the need for change.


A detailed description of the gas bladder, the Weberian apparatus and the membranous labyrinth in Sisor rabdophorus is given. It has been shown that these structures show a number of specializations which can be correlated with the bottom-living habits of the fish. Evidence has been brought forth to show that the Weberian mechanism continues to serve as an aid to hearing.

It has been concluded that Gunther's inclusion of Sisor in the group Hypostomatina along with certain loricariid and callichthyid genera is not a natural one and that Regan's (1911) and Berg's (1940) family Sisoridae is more indicative of natural relationships. That Sisor diverged early from the main stem of sisorid evolution, is further supported by this study.


We present a theoretical study of polaron properties associated to the optical phonon modes induced by pressure on the beryllium chalcogenides. The calculations are performed using abinitiopseudopotential approach based on the density functional perturbation theory combined with maximally–localized Wannier functions. Features such as phonon frequencies, dielectric constants, effective polar field, polaron effective mass, Frohlich coupling constant, Debye temperature, deformation potential, polaron diffusion constant, and maximally–localized Wannier functions have been determined. Good agreement is found between our simulated results and available data. In another case, our calculated values are totally predictive. We show that the pressure dependence of those physico–chemical considerations on the electric polarization field is found to vary monotonously. These studies form the basis for further development of models to describe polaron transport in the monocrystalline phase of BeX (X = S, Se, and Te) com...


@contents: Selected Contents: Preface, James Albright and Allan Luke Part One: Objectifying the Field 1. Introduction: Renewing the Cultural Politics of Literacy Education, James Albright and Allan Luke 2. Problematics and Generative Possibilities, James Albright 3. Pierre Bourdieu: A Biographical Memoir, Claire Kramsch 4. Bourdieu and "Literacy Education", Monica Heller 5. Pedagogy as Gift, Allan Luke Part Two: Producing the Field 6. The Field of Arabic Instruction in the Zionist State, Allon J. Uhlmann 7. Wireless Technology and the Prospect of Alternative Education Reform, Mark Dressman and Phillip Wilder 8. Towards a Pedagogy of the Popular: Bourdieu, Hip-Hop, and Out-of-School Literacies, Marc Lamont Hill 9. Critical Race Perspectives, Bourdieu and Language Education, Rachel Grant and Shelley Wong Part Three: Habitus and Other 10. Tracing Habitus in Texts: Narratives of Loss, Displacement and Migration in Homes, Kate Pahl 11. The Capital of "Attentive Silence" and Its Impact on English Language and Literacy Education, Tara Goldstein 12. Improvising on Artistic Habitus: Sedimenting Identity into Art, Jennifer Rowsell 13. Social Hierarchies and Identity Politics, Jessica Zacher 14. A "Head Start and a Credit": Analyzing Cultural Capital in the Basic Writing/ESOL Classroom, Mary Jane Curry 15. Implications of Practice, Activity, and Semiotic Theory for Cognitive Constructs of Writing, Robert J. Bracewell and Stephen P. Witte Part Four: Remaking the Field 16. Learning from Our Failures, James Albright 17. Using Bourdieu to Make Policy: Mobilising Community Capital and Literacy, Allan Luke Postscript, James Collins


Objective To detect the intestinal microflora of the infants with food allergy and healthy infants,and found a clue for the research about the relationship between the intestinal microflora and the occurrence of food allergy.Methods 52 infants with food allergy and 100 healthy infants from May,2003 to December,2003 in the Deparment of Primary Child Care,Children's Hospital,Chongqing University of Medical Sciences were choosed.The fecal samples were collected from all the subjects and were alaysed for microflora by adopting the direct and quick smear methods.Results The percentages of gram-positive rod of the samples were significantly lower,and the percentages of gram-negative rod and gram-positive cocci in the stools were significantly higher in the infants with food allergy than that in the healthy infants [(71.43±8.70)%vs(78.91±9.25)%,(15.69±6.26)%vs(11.85±6.66)%,(11.67±4.02)%vs(7.60±4.27)%,P0.001].Furthermore,there were different changes in the proportions of fecal microflora of infants with food allergy under different feeding patterns,but the percentages of gram-positive rod of the samples markedly lower was the same character(P0.05).Conclusions There were significant differences of the proportions of fecal flora between the infants with food allergy and healthy infants.Moreover,the different changes of intestinal microflora of infants under different feeding patterns were demonstrated.The changes of intestinal microflora might play a role in the onset of food allergy.


A new thinking was introduced that combine finite element analysis(FEA) for welding process simulation with virtual manufacture(VM), it is significant research according to comparison of FEA for welding process and VM, parameters input by FEA pre-processor and by VR technology, FEA results cab be shown by FEA post-processor and by VR technology. The framework for welding FEA based on VM was proposed and some key technologies were also discussed.


which the British attacked in July 1813 to intercept inland water communication with Norfolk, Virginia, and the Dupont gunpowder works near Wilmington, Delaware, that supplied gunpowder for the American war effort). Preceding the site listings, the authors give a six-page synopsis of the war and a seventeen-page discussion of the principal battles in the region. These include the British attacks in 1813 on Havre de Grace, Harford County, Maryland (May 3); the Maryland Eastern Shore towns of Georgetown and Fredericktown (May 5); Norfolk and Hampton, Virginia (June 22 and 25, respectively); and St. Michael's, Talbot County, and Queenstown, Queen Anne's County, Maryland (August 10 and 13, respectively); and in 1814 the Battle of Bladensburg (August 24); the British capture and occupation of Washington, D.C. (August 24–25); the capitulation of Alexandria, Virginia, to a British squadron under Captain James Alexander Gordon, R.N. (August 29); the battles at White House, Virginia, and Indian Head, Maryland, as U.S. Navy sailors at gun batteries under Commodores Porter and Perry tried to stop Gordon's squadron from returning down the Potomac (early September); and the battles at Caulk's Field, Kent County, Maryland (August 30); North Point, Baltimore County (September 12); and the successful American defense of Fort McHenry and Baltimore City (September 13–14) that led to Georgetown lawyer Francis Scott Key writing the Star-Spangled Banner. The appendices include a list of sites whose location could not be established, gravesites connected to the War of 1812 with names of veterans of the war known to be buried in those cemeteries, and a chronology of actions in the Chesapeake. The book is by no means perfect, partly because of a reliance on some faulty sources that led to the authors providing some erroneous information. For example, Benson J. Lossing's The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 (1868) leads the authors to mention that a British commander, Col. Richard Williams of the Royal Marines, was killed in the attack on Hampton, Virginia, on June 25, 1813 (236 and 240). They republish Lossing's map showing "Williams Killed" and his wood block engraving of a house where Williams was said to be buried in the garden. However, they quote from the afterbattle letter from senior British Army commander Col. Sir Thomas Sidney Beckwith to Adm. Sir John Borlase Warren, R.N., of June 28, 1813, that "Lieut. Colonel [Richard] Williams will have the honour of delivering to you a stand of [American] colours" (237). Williams, indeed, appears to have been the same British Royal Marines officer who was awarded the knight commander of the Order of the Bath on May 25, 1815, for his actions in the War of 1812 and who died in Portsea, Hampshire, England, on June 21, 1839. In the listing for Havre de Grace, Maryland (140), the authors state that "Sion Hill [a mansion owned by Commodore John Rodgers, U.S.N.] was spared burning by the pleading of prominent women in the village." In fact, contemporary sources relate that the Rodgers house that was saved from burning was another family house at 226 North Washington Street (listed on p. 138) and that Sion Hill, located at some distance from the town, was not threatened. Despite such minor flaws, The War of 1812 in the Chesapeake: A Reference Guide provides the best detailed guide to date of sites in the Chesapeake Bay region associated with the War of 1812.


The immunity of members of the European Parliament is based on Protocol on privileges and immunities from April 8, 1965. Inspired by national regulations, the Protocol lays out provisions on non-liability (covering opinions expressed or vote cast during debates in Parliament) and inviolability (under same conditions, as the members of national parliaments are protected). Since eighties, the Parliament has struggled for a revision of the Protocol unsuccessfully. The revision should overcome the national extension of the Protocol and "upgrade" provisions, concerning the members of Parliament. Even if the Protocol text has not been revised yet, we cannot say that the institution of parliamentary immunity is rigid, or that it has not changed at all. Decisions concerning the parliamentary immunity belong to routine agenda of Committee for legal affairs and the plenary assembly of European parliament. Some shifts in the interpretation and application of parliamentary immunity may be identified in reports of the committee dealing with particular request for defence or waiver of the immunity, other result from the changes of Rules of procedure of the European Parliament. European judicial institutions also contribute to the interpretation of parliamentary immunity and define the frame of its application substantially.


Respiratory symptoms and functional disorders are registered in patients who suffered from COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019). Aim. Clinical and functional evaluation of the respiratory system during 6-month follow-up in patients who had moderate and severe COVID-19. Methods. 80 patients were included in the cohort observational prospective study. Patients were examined in 46 (36 - 60) days from the onset of symptoms of COVID-19 and in 93 (89 - 103) and 180 (135 - 196) days at the 2nd and 3rd stages respectively. At all stages, symptoms, dyspnea level, and quality of life were analyzed using validated questionnaires, and a 6-minute step test was performed. At the 2nd and 3rd stages, we assessed spirometric parameters, total lung capacity, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO), and high resolution computed tomography scans of chest organs. Results. At the 1st stage of the study, 62% of patients complained of fatigue, muscle weakness, 61% of patients had dyspnea of variable severity. At the 3rd stage of the study, 43% and 42% of patients had the same complaints respectively. The prevalence of moderate COVID-19 form in patients with 35 (25 - 45)% lung damage and severe COVID-19 form with 75 (62 - 75)% of lung damage was established. At the 2nd stage, a DLCO < 80% level was recorded in 46% of patients with 35 (25 - 45)% lung damage and in 54% of patients with 75 (62 - 75)%. At the 3rd stage, DLCO < 80% was diagnosed in 51.9% and 48.1% of patients with of 35 (25 - 45)% and 75 (62 - 75)% lung damage respectively. The level of DLCO < 60% was found in 38,5% and 35,5% of patients with moderate and severe lung damage at the 2nd and 3rd stages of the study respectively. Conclusion. The symptoms were reported less frequently during the 6-month follow-up after COVID-19. 77% and 87% of patients had DLCO < 80% in 93 (89 - 103) and 180 (135 - 196) days after the disease onset, respectively. 38.5% and 35.5% of those patients, predominantly having suffered COVID-19 in severe form, had DLCO < 60% at 93 (89 - 103) and 180 (135 - 196) days, respectively. This calls for a continuous observation and regular examinations after COVID-19.


Character strengths, as conceptualised by the Values-In-Action (VIA) strengths classification system, are core characteristics of individuals that allow people to be virtuous (Seligman 2002). They are moral, intrinsically valuable, and ubiquitous traits that can be developed and enhanced. Social psychologists and sociologists consider achievements in college or university level, because of recognition and proper utilisation of the character strengths possessed by the individual students. The current study was conducted amongst 240 undergraduate college students of arts stream (60 males and 60 females) and science stream (60 males and 60 females) falling within the age group of 18-21 years, with the aim of finding out if the character strengths of the male and female undergraduate students are associated with their college academic achievements. It was found that significant correlation existed between appreciation of beauty and excellence, fairness, forgiveness, honesty, humour, kindness, love of learning and humility with the academic achievement of the students.


A method for prepg. hyaluronic acid by fermentation comprises (i) cultivating a non-hemolytic microorganism i.e. strept ococcus zooepidemicus NH 131 (FERM BP 784) capable of hyaluronic acid production in the medium and (ii)harvesting streptolisin free hyaluronic acid from the cultivating product. Cultivating medium is e.g. brain heart infusion medium and glucose(6%), yeast extracts(0.5%), polypeptone(1.0%) and adecanol LG 805(0.005%) composites.


Honey bees, Apis mellifera L. is a major global pollinator of crops and native plants. Insecticides have a negative and hazardous effect on A. mellifera, other pollinators, and beneficial organisms. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of three acaricides; Ortus (fenpyroximate) 5% EC, Everken (abamectin)1.8% EC, and AgriFlex (abamectin+ thiamethoxam) 18.6% SC on the honeybee workers. These acaricides were chosen based on field observations, where those acaricides were used to control two-spotted spider mites on clover fields. A group of newly emerged honeybee workers was exposed to different dilutions (5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 ppm) of study candidate compounds. The control group was not treated with any acaricides. The mortality percentage was recorded after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs after acaricide applications, and LC 50 and LC 90 were calculated. Obtained results showed that everken and agriflex had significantly higher toxicity than ortus. Where LC 50 for everken and agriflex ranged between 2.75 ppm to 7.94 ppm after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs of acaricide applications, while ortus recorded 47.1 ppm after 24 hrs. Control treatment had the least honey bee mortality compared to all acaricide applications not exceeding (7%) followed by ortus (36%). Nevertheless, everken and agriflex reach 100% mortality after 96 hrs of the applications. Consequently, these results suggest that ortus can be included in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program against harmful insects or honey bee pathogens and safe to sustainable, productive, and healthy honeybee stocks for the future.


The main disadvantages of the Fourier series and transforms are left behind by a new tool: wavelets! The properties of wavelets are well presented, apart from continuity, by the oldest example ‐ the Haar wavelets. This work deals with expanding wavelets on the complex plane using their analytic representations. Here are reviewed analytic wavelets and their basic properties. The corresponding multiresolution analysis, however, does not preserve the ortogonality it had on the real line. Here is given a consequence regarding the ortogonality of the basis generated by the scaling function. Under some conditions, the orthogonality is preserved, as seen with the Shannon wavelets.


The Kami River is the largest river in Finland, and drains most of the Lapland province into the Gulf of Bothnia. Ever since settlement, people have been dependent on the river for a variety of uses, such as transportation and salmon fisheries. After WWII, Finland began expanding its infrastructure, and built 17 dams on the river to generate hydroelectric power, 15 of which are owned by one company, with several more plants on nearby lakes and reservoirs. These dams are crucial to Finland's power production, producing 1/3 of the nation's hydroelectric power, and 14% of its total power. These benefits, though, have come at a cost. The dams prevent salmon from migrating, and has destroyed the once thriving fishery. It has also regulated the flow regime, and the river is dependent on human demands of the system, rather than natural cycles. The dams also limit ice fishing, snowmobiling, and other major forms of recreation. It has destroyed historic methods of constructing weirs to raise and harvest salmon, which many people have historically been dependent on for their livelihoods. Shore-line farms are also no longer possible, as most of these depended on river floods to sustain hay production, in order to feed their animals. The Kami river has evolved from a sustainable fishery with much natural fluctuation to a strictly controlled system to produce hydroelectric power. Although this power certainly provides many benefits, there are also many costs and drawbacks that impact people as well as the environment.


The present invention discloses a method of prediction and identification of the freshness of meat. Comprising the steps of: meat samples were placed in a closed vessel, the sample gas is adsorbed by a pump built into the sensor channel electronic nose, the gas sensor and react to give a response signal; detecting and then treated samples subjected to sensory evaluation, the volatile Determination of the content of basic nitrogen and microbial detection; electronic nose feature of the response signal selected and extracted; electronic nose using neural network response time signal and the storage of meat, sensory scores, the relationship between the volatile basic nitrogen content and the content of microorganisms mathematical model. The present invention can effectively utilize electronic nose to identify and predict the freshness of meat, without pretreatment, analysis objective and accurate, simple operation, low cost, rapid non-destructive, of great economic value to processing, marketing, and the field of detection of the flesh.


As the neo-liberalisation of education continues apace, staff at many Universities are increasingly faced with the difficult challenges of balancing critical Criminological scholarship with the increased marketization, employability agenda and shifting student expectations. The School of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Lincoln has responded to these challenges by creating an innovative student-focused curriculum which utilises a range of teaching, learning and assessment strategies, including Undergraduate vivas, whole-cohort presentations and mock United Nations scenarios. Students lie at the heart of the School's interdisciplinary programmes and are involved in curriculum design (and re-design), 'Student as Producer' projects and peer-led mentoring schemes. This paper will introduce an outline of some of the Criminology team's award winning strategies for 'Teaching and Learning' and provide a space for pedagogic reflection on the best ways to catalyze independent, reflexive and critical thinking in an increasingly challenging environment.


The integration construction for various transportation facilities can not only save the land resources, but also realize convenient transportation transfer. It can alleviate the bad environmental impact along the route caused by decentralized layout.This paper put forward a integration construction plan for three kinds of transportation facilities, which can be taken as reference for general planning, feasibility study and scheme design.


The present paper is concerned with the simplified analysis of deformation and stress states in converging hoppers during filling and discharge of a granular material. The equilibrium conditions and stress-strain relations are satisfied for cylindrical slice elements assuming dependence of displacement and stress on radial coordinate. The elastic or elasto-plastic material model is used with the Coulomb yield condition and non-associated flow rule. The paper presents a detailed analysis of pressure evolution of a granular material on a hopper wall during the emptying process when the initial active state of pressure is transformed into the passive state. The growth of wall pressure associated with this process is demonstrated. The analytical treatment presented in this paper can be compared with the respective finite element solution.


Abstract An automated feeding system was developed to deliver high moisture by-product diets to laying hens by modifying a commercially available cage system. Two high moisture by-products, corn stillage or methane digester effluent, were top-dressed onto air-dried feedstuffs via the feeding system during two 4-wk feeding trials to evaluate the system design and operation. With proper equipment and management high moisture by-products (corn stillage and methane digester effluent) were fed successfully to laying hens.


It provided an apparatus, wherein the bearing cartridge and the base combination. Bearing cartridge may be configured to be coupled to the pumping assembly combination, and having a predetermined centerline. Base may be configured with an axial passage to receive and support bearing box, such bearing cartridge and slide therein. And the base bottom surface of the bearing cartridge is configured to be coupled together substantially at or above the centerline of the bearing cartridge, so that the center to reduce the height of the device, wherein the center is defined as the height of the center line the bearing cartridge base and the cartridge support bearing the distance between. The device takes the pump or pumping assembly, or a combination of the configuration, which includes a centrifugal pump or mud pump.


This brief article provides an analysis of key world economic trends based on recent data. GDP growth in the major industrialised countries showed a slight further decline in the third quarter of 1991. Comparing the third quarter with the corresponding period in the previous year, average growth in the G7 countries was 0.5%. This compares with 1.1% for the year to the first quarter of 1991 and 2.3% for the calendar year 1990. As with the previous quarter, German GDP showed a sharp fall, falling below 2% for the year to September. Individual country growth rates were as follows (Q3 1991 on Q3 1990): Canada -0.8%; US -0.9%; Japan 4.2%; France 1.4%; Germany 1.9%; Italy 0.9%; UK -2.2%. Industrial production did, however, show some recovery in the second half of the year.


The classical version of the three-wave interaction models the creation and destruction of waves; the quantized version models the creation and destruction of particles. The quantum three-wave interaction is described and the Bethe ansatz for the eigenfunctions is given in closed form. The Bethe equations are derived in a rigorous fashion and are shown to have a thermodynamic limit. The Dirac sea of negative energy states is obtained as the infinite density limit. Finite particle/hole excitations are determined and the asymptotic relation of energy and momentum is obtained. The Yang–Yang functional for the relative free energy of finite density excitations is constructed and is shown to be convex and bounded below. The equations of thermal equilibrium are obtained.


The co-fusion, co-existence and co-prosperity between the ecological culture and industrial clusters constitute industrial clusters' ecological cultural system which is an important carrier of regional economic development and technological innovation. Therefore, it is essential for industrial clusters to have ecological cultural innovation. This paper, on the basis of defining the ecological culture and ecological cultural innovation, has analyzed the influential factors on constructing the ecological culture innovation system of industrial clusters. It points out that the construction work should be done on three levels(enterprise > cluster and region), from three dimensions(material, spiritual and institutional) and with two variants (endogenous factors and exogenous factors).


The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of two indirect field oriented control schemes. In the first one, the Park components of the stator currents are controlled by two PI regulators, and in the second one, these currents are not directly controlled and there is no current measurement. It is shown that the sensitivity of the flux control to parameter uncertainties is generally smaller in the control scheme without current controllers than in the control scheme with current PI controllers, in spite of the fact the latter offers a more precise current control. It is also shown that the control scheme without current measurement allows to develop a fully digital implementation on low cost microprocessors. Experiments on a laboratory prototype confirm the good performance of this simplified control scheme.<<ETX>>


Effective planning for instruction is time-consuming and thought intensive. However, planning well up-front pays-off over time. Without effective preparation and planning for a lesson, teaching becomes a gamble. While teachers are not rigid in developing their lesson they must have a clear sense of purpose so that students would not be easily distracted and disinterested. As emphasis is placed on effective planning, it must also be noted that in a digital world, no educational establishment can arguably achieve result without integrating technology into the aspect of lesson planning and execution. Teachers must always keep in mind the extensive potentials of technology in lesson planning. In Sub-Saharan Africa especially in Nigeria, the mobile phone subscription is at an exponential rate but this massive revolution has not translate into its use in the secondary schools due to challenges such as; very large classes and high cost of internet access, inadequate requisite skills, training to embark on mobile learning instruction among others. To surpass these challenges, a simple and cost effective strategy for the teacher to use to plan, develop and deliver their lessons through the mobile phone called Mobile Learning Lesson Plan (MLLP) template was designed and developed. The MLLP template equips teachers to organise, plan, design, and evaluate the lesson effectively. It is a roadmap of what is to be taught using the mobile phone, it allows the teacher to provide detailed information of the lesson and provide sequence of activities that is to be carried out using the mobile phone. Sequel to the development of the MLLP template, it was used and validated by pre-service teachers. Their comments suggest that MLLP template is should be incorporated into teacher training curriculum because it helps in effectively developing mobile learning instruction. This paper assesses the development, validation and uses MLLP template in relations to the cultural context.


The pure water extraction of Comte cheese solubles and their chromatographic separation facilitate sensory analysis experiments with the fractions directly collected from the column. Two extracts, one obtained after ultrafiltration, the other after chromatography on Sephadex G25, have been separated on Toyopearl HW-40S. The sensory evaluation of the obtained fractions shows in the two cases that some fractions have interesting flavors. However, physicochemical analysis shows that organoleptic characteristics are linked more to the presence of amino acids and salts than to the presence of peptides. Apart from monosodium glutamate, most of the amino acids are present in the fractions at concentrations lower than their threshold values measured in water. Therefore, the hypothesis of synergistic effects among amino acids or between amino acids and other kinds of compounds, such as salts, can be raised. Moreover, the fractions containing free amino acids are also generally the most aromatic. The nature and the origin of these volatile compounds responsible for these aromas have to be determined.


The atmospheric hypersonic flight of sub-orbital and space vehicles generates aerodynamic heating and high wall heat fluxes, inducing high temperatures on the vehicle's structures and affecting their mechanical behavior, besides degrading the operation of board equipment. Furthermore, since payload preservation is always mandatory, the use of efficient Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) is a key-requirement for any spacecraft design. As an outcome, designing the TPS is a critical aspect of any rocket development program, since an undersized system may result in catastrophic failure, and an oversized one implies increased mass and cost. Sub-orbital platforms are a low-cost alternative for microgravity research. A sub-orbital platform (SARA) is being developed by Instituto de Aeronautica e Espaco (IAE) for such an application, and its current design uses a conventional layer of cork as TPS to protect its lateral surface, with the trade-off of large mass. Alternatively, a Thermally Integrated Structural Sandwich Core (TISSC), which consists of a structural sandwich panel in a three-layer plate with two face sheets and the core, presents advantages such as lightweight, low maintenance, insulation as well as load bearing capabilities, and low life-cycle cost. In this work, a TISSC is proposed to replace SARA's current TPS. The main contribution of the presented methodology is to couple the aerodynamic heating, heat transfer in porous insulation and thermo-structural analyses of the proposed configuration in order to evaluate the TISSC TPS perfor - mance. The results are compared with those obtained for the current SARA TPS design, showing improvements in thermal insulation and structural strength, as well as a remarkable mass reduction.


The easily accesible azidoethylacetate 1 was reacted with ferrocene formaldehyde to give azide 2, which was allowed to take Staudinger reactions with triphenylphosphine to give iminophosphorane 3. The imidazolinone derivatives containing ferrocenyl moity(5a~5e) were synthesized by a tandem aza-Wittig reaction of 3 with phenyl isocynate and substituted phenols in yields of 57%~69%. The structures of title compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis,IR and 1H NMR. Two of them 5b and 5c exhibited fungicidal activities and none of them has herbicidal activity and insecticidal activity.


Dear Editor, This communication is in regard to an article "Dental health inequalities among Indigenous populations: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis" [Nath et al., 2021] published in your journal. We would like to congratulate the authors for their commendable work in attempting to quantify the dental health inequalities among indigenous population from the available evidence. However, while reading through the paper, we had a few queries/clarifications. It will be highly appreciated if our following queries are clarified by the authors: 1. In the PRISMA flow diagram (Fig. 1), there seems to be a mismatch in the number of studies included in the qualitative synthesis. The diagram shows that 43 studies have been included in the qualitative analysis. However, the PRISMA flow diagram shows one additional record identified through other sources which makes the total number of included studies 44. As the table also mentions 43 studies, we presume the added study was subsequently excluded. If that is the case, it needs to be reflected in the diagram too, under excluded studies. Kindly clarify. 2. According to the results of the dmft score, the study by Kumar et al., 2013 (Page 279, Paragraph 2) had found a higher dmft score among nonindigenous children. Contrary to this, inference of the study by Kumar et al., 2013 (Table 1, No. 26, page 274), shows that the prevalence of dental caries was higher among tribal children than urban children. Kindly clarify these discrepancies. 3. We feel the application of funnel plots to understand publication bias has limited use in the meta-analysis of prevalence studies. 4. Since authors focused only on the prevalence and severity of dental caries, we feel the use of the term "dental health inequalities" in the title of the study is an overstatement. Nevertheless, the article provides an interesting read, and we hope the authors clarify the above.


A rapid and selective ligand-directed chemical reaction was developed for the acylation of proteins in living cells on the basis of ligand-directed chemistry. By fi ne tuning the reactivity and stability of the phenyl ester derivatives, we successfully identi fi ed ortho -dibromophenyl benzoate as the optimal reactive motif. It was su ffi ciently stable in an aqueous bu ff er, hydrolyzing less than 10% after 13 h of incubation, but reactive enough for e ffi cient and selective protein labeling in living mammalian cells, as well as in vitro (referred to as ligand-directed dibromophenyl benzoate (LDBB) chemistry). Using this chemistry, various fl uorophores can be tethered to the target protein directly, which allows fl uorescence visualization of the labeled protein in live cells using di ff erent colored fl uorophore groups (including coumarin, fl uorescein and rhodamine). Furthermore, this labeling is applicable to not only an overexpressed protein ( E. coli dihydrofolate reductase) but also endogenous human carbonic anhydrase II and XII under living cell conditions. LDBB chemistry is a new entry of ligand-directed protein labeling methods, and should be particularly useful for the imaging of natural proteins in living cells.


This article describes and analyzes the results of a research carried out in 2015 and 2016 in a sample of students and professors from three regional universities on their approaches to teaching and learning..The results obtained show a correlation between the teaching and learning approach in the sample of teachers and students consulted. Gender differences in the type of motivation are recognized, where women have a deeper motivation for their learning. There are also differences in the students according to the type of secondary education, where graduates of high school technical professionals achieve higher levels of motivation and strategies used.


Recent studies of curriculum enactment suggest that different teachers enact the same curriculum materials in different ways (e.g., Cohen & Ball, 2001; Freeman & Poter, 1989; Manoucheri & Goodmann, 1998, 2000). These researches usually link between the teacher (her beliefes, perceptions and knowledge) and the curriculum materials enactment. Some of the studies suggest additional factors, that have to do with the general context of enacted curriculum, such as: parents, external exams and school support (e.g., Cuban, Kirkpatrick & Peck, 2001; Roehrig, Kruse & Kern, 2007). This research, like abovementioned researches, focuses on the enacted curriculum, and examines how the same teacher implements the same curriculum material in two different schools. The aim of the study is to examine how the same curriculum materials are enacted in two classes in different schools by the same teacher. This research comprises two case studies, each includes one teacher who teaches the beginning of the mathematical topic 'equivalent algebraic expressions', to two 7th grade classes from different schools. The same textbook was used in all four classes. The data collected includes: 1. Observations: 25-30 lessons throughout the school year in each of the participating classes; Other mathematics classes in each of the schools; Other non-mathematics classes in the participating classes. A total of 130 lessons were observed. The observations included continuous observations of the teaching of 'equivalent algebraic expressions' (15-19 lessons) in each class. These observations are the main data source of this research; 2. Interviews with the teachers; 3. Informal conversations; and 4. Field notes. The data was analyzed both through quantitative and qualitative analysis. The research focuses on the following two aspects of the enacted curriculum: implementation of the recommendation that appeared in the curriculum materials and the types of algebraic activity that the students were exposed to during the teaching of the mathematical topic. Kieran's framework (Kieran, 1996, 2004), which distinguishes between three types of algebraic activities – generational, transformational and global/meta-level – was employed for the examination of the algebraic activities. Comparisons were made for two aspects of the research: between the enacted curriculum in each of the classes and the curriculum materials; and between each of the classes taught by same teacher. It was found that in case study 1, that examined teacher Sara and schools Carmel and Tavor – most of the recommendations for instruction that appeared in the curriculum materials, were implemented: The students were exposed to the main mathematical subjects/ideas and the mathematical sequence that appeared in the curriculum materials; the lesson structure was similar to the recommended structure, and did not include work on assignments that were not recommended in the curriculum materials. In spite of the similarities in each of the classes, and the curriculum materials, and between the two classes – a few differences were found, mainly while comparing the enactment in Tavor versus the recommendations in the curriculum materials and the enactment in Carmel. Examination of the algebraic types of activities that the students were exposed to in Carmel and Tavor schools throughout the school year shows that, although the students in the two schools were not required to deal with a similar number of assignments and tasks, in both schools they were exposed to the three types of algebraic activities in similar distribution as appear in the curriculum materials. Comparison of the algebraic types of activities exposed to during the whole class work, shows that there are differences between Tavor and the curriculum materials and between Tavor and Carmel. A lesser percentage of global/meta-level activities was enacted in Tavor than appear in the curriculum materials and than enacted in Carmel, in addition, there were several cases in which the same assignment/task was enacted in Carmel as a global/meta-level activity but was not enacted in Tavor with such algenraic activity. In case study 2, which included teacher Rebecca and schools Gamla and Arbel, not all the recommendations in the curriculum material were enacted. Indeed, in both classes the main mathematics subjects/ideas intended for this topic according to the curriculum materials were presented to the students, and the topic was taught according to the mathematical sequence that appeared in the curriculum materials, however in both classes the lesson structures were different from the intended structure – unintended assignments were enacted, and some of the assignments were enacted not according to their purpose. These differences were found in comparison of each of the classes to the curriculum materials and in comparison between


An outbreak of rapidly progressive renal failure was observed in Belgium in 1992-1993 and was related to a slimming regimen involving Chinese herbs [1]. Extensive interstitial fibrosis with atrophy and tubular loss was the major histological lesion [2]. Aristolochia Fang-ji has been suspected to be responsible for nephrotoxicity, which is attributed to aristolochic acid, an important constituent of Aristolochia spp. [3,4]. We report a patient presenting with end-stage renal failure due to chronic intake of an infusion made with a mixture of herbs containing Aristolochia pistolochia. Clinical and histological findings are identical to the Belgian cases.


Purpose – The article's aim is to review the latest management developments across the globe and to pinpoint practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.Findings – Openness to new ideas from the environment improves firms' innovation performance. As the breadth and depth of searching using external actors and sources increases, so does innovation, and while too much searching can lead to diseconomies and performance deterioration, openness to new ideas from the environment is superior to a closed, in‐house, internal focus on innovation.Practical implications – The article provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.Social implications – The article provides strategic insights and practical thinking that can have a broader social impact.Originality/value – The art...


A strain clamp dedicated to a high strength steel core aluminum alloy stranded conductor lead is mainly composed of a strain clamp body, a steel anchor, a jumper conductor clamper and a fastening piece. An aluminum die tube of the strain clamp body is made of an aldural material and produces plastic distortion with the aluminum alloy stranded conductor of the steel core aluminum alloy stranded conductor under a pressure so as to burden the partial tension of aluminum alloy stranded conductor of the high strength steel core aluminum alloy stranded conductor. The steel anchor produces plastic distortion with the steel core part of the steel core aluminum alloy stranded conductor under the pressure so as to burden the partial tension of steel anchor of the high strength steel core aluminum alloy stranded conductor, and at the same time a drainage plate and a jumper conductor clamper adopt a multiaperture connection method to facilitate the adjustment and installation of a jumper wire. The front end of the aluminum die tube is in compression joint with a lead and the tail end thereof is connected in the middle of the steel anchor through pressure in order that the whole strain clamp is integrated with the steel core aluminum stranded conductor, and the ring-shaped part of the tail end of the steel anchor is fixed on an iron tower.


The black start of an electric power system is always considered as a complex decision-making process. The lack of systematic and quantitative analysis of it has made the planning of black start difficult. This paper introduces the use of transient energy function method for the quantitative analysis of optimum start-up paths and closed-loop points. Computer algorithm and software have been developed and successfully applied to the black-start projects of several regional power grids in South China. The two practical cases presented in the paper demonstrate the methodology and its effectiveness. (6 pages)


The present investigation was conducted at Commercial Fruit Nursery, College of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during three years (201013). The study was undertaken with objectives to study the effect of different IBA levels on rooting and survival of karonda air layering and to find out the suitable IBA level for rooting and survival of karonda air layers. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design. The treatments consisted of six different levels of IBA (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 ppm) and one control, replicated thrice. The results of three years pooled data revealed that different levels of IBA had significant effect on root and shoot characters of karonda air layers. IBA 5000 ppm was effective with respect to minimum days for rooting (10.73 days), increased number of roots per layer (102.55), height of rooted layers (44.53 cm) and number of leaves (145.77). In addition, root to shoot ratio (1.17) and highest survival percentage (90.82%) were recorded in 5000 ppm IBA treatment. However, least values for these characters were associated with control treatment. IBA 6000 ppm was also found effective with respect to days required for rooting, rooting percentage and survival percentage next to IBA 5000 ppm treatment. Thus, it is worthwhile to use 5000 ppm IBA for commercial multiplication of karonda through air layering.


Combined with structure characteristics of doubly telescopic prop,a calculation method of opening pressure was put forward and mechanics characteristics and analysis method of bottom valve were introduced as well.


Monument Wars or the destruction of monuments is part of decolonization in various parts of the world. Monument Wars then occur almost in some countries in the world, ranging from Europe, America and Australia. In Indonesia the destruction of the monument with anti-colonialism pretext also occurred since the colonial period to independence. Monuments, sites or material cultural relics from the past were regerded as (collective) memory regarding the power struggle, national identity or the formation of the nation's character. The monument provides an opportunity for archaeologists and historians to delve the meaning of history behind the monuments. The monument as a material culture considered as a text so that the meaning is open to be interpreted. With the study of historical methods and and material culture, the monument considered no different from the archive. This study will examined the destruction of Van Heutsz Monument in Batavia as well as the vandalism occurred in the similar monument in Amsterdam as part of the monument wars. Visual narratives of how a monumet has the meaning of those established it and have different meanings for the next generation will also be examined.KEYWORDS: Monument wars, monument, decolonisation, material culture, history


Recently, vision transformers have shown great success in 2D human pose estimation (2D HPE), 3D human pose estimation (3D HPE), and human mesh reconstruction (HMR) tasks. In these tasks, heatmap representations of the human structural information are often extracted first from the image by a CNN, and then further processed with a transformer architecture to provide the final HPE or HMR estimation. However, existing transformer architectures are not able to process these heatmap inputs directly, forcing an unnatural flattening of the features prior to input. Furthermore, much of the performance benefit in recent HPE and HMR methods has come at the cost of ever-increasing computation and memory needs. Therefore, to simultaneously address these problems, we propose HeatER, a novel transformer design which preserves the inherent structure of heatmap representations when modeling attention while reducing the memory and computational costs. Taking advantage of HeatER, we build a unified and efficient network for 2D HPE, 3D HPE, and HMR tasks. A heatmap reconstruction module is applied to improve the robustness of the estimated human pose and mesh. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of HeatER on various human pose and mesh datasets. For instance, HeatER outperforms the SOTA method MeshGraphormer by requiring 5% of Params (total parameters) and 16% of MACs (the Multiply–Accumulate Operations) on Human3.6M and 3DPW datasets. Code will be publicly available.


The present invention relates to a method selected from the group consisting of the lanthanides, and the non-ferrous metals for the enrichment of an element or a compound of an element in the grain boundaries of a magnetic two- or multi-phase system and using a mixture of a binder for a molding process and a lanthanoid and / or a lanthanide compound and / or - a Lanthanoidlegierung or a non-ferrous metal and / or a non-ferrous metal compound and / or a non-ferrous metal alloy, for enrichment of the lanthanide used and / or non-ferrous metal at the grain boundaries of a magnetic two- or multi-phase system.


This research develops an attacker-defender model of maritime trading. The defender's problem is represented as a minimum cost, multi-commodity network flow model. System cost is measured in terms of total ton-n.m. in the network. Our network contains the 120 most important ports in the world (by volume of cargo), 35 waypoints at sea, and 416 arcs. Port supply and demand have been estimated from different sources. Interdictions represent manmade disruption of the seaways, such as those in the presence of piracy. An interdicted arc is assumed to incur a penalty equivalent to the additional distance that a ship would need to travel in order to avoid the threat, or a total blockade of the arc in the case of straits and canals. We analyze several scenarios with varying assumptions on the defended arcs and the number of simultaneous interdictions. The most disruptive, single interdiction occurs in the Strait of Gibraltar, increasing cost by almost 25%, followed by the Straits of Bab el Mandeb (20%) and Suez Canal (19%). For two simultaneous interdictions, cost increases to 33%, but decreases to 23%, 8% and 1.5% when we defend three, four or five select straits and canals, respectively.


Copper-based pigments are common in works of art that show signs of decay on green and blue areas and are frequently associated with the degradation of organic substrates and/or media (drying oils, cellulose, etc.). The exact causes of degradation remain unknown. This prompted us to study possible starting and degradation products of one especially reactive copper pigment, verdigris (copper acetate), as well as pigments of the same family (salt and soap greens). Preparation of pigments using historical methods was followed by spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Synthesis of verdigris and verdigris-like pigments resulted in a mixture of starting polymorphs of verdigris, including neutral and basic verdigris. With accelerated aging, pigments degraded to a polymorph of basic verdigris when not affected by organic media, whereas pigments on cellulosic substrates showed oxidized copper species. With this study, we are beginning to understand verdigris starting materials and highlight the complex interactions between pigments and substrates that influence pigment degradation pathways.


Supplementary references and material are provided to the paper entitled
 `Moments of Gamma type and the Brownian supremum process area', published in Probability Surveys 7 (2010) 1–52 .


This study was carried out on 180 day-old cockerels to determine their growth response and faecal egg counts to herbal supplement administration. The birds were brooded and allotted to four treatment groups of 45 birds with three replicates of 15 birds each. The experimental treatment was based on the frequency of administration of the herbal supplement: Control, Weekly, Fortnightly, and every three weeks. Data on growth response and microbial counts were taken. Data obtained were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomised Design. Herbal supplement had significant (P 0.05) influenced by herbal supplement except Feed: Gain and average weight gain. The best Feed: Gain value and average weight gain was obtained in birds administered the herbal supplement weekly (treatment 2). Conclusively, herbal supplement (extracts) can serve and be used as antibiotic alternatives in poultry for better performance and utilization of feed in terms of feed: gain and weight gain particularly to control the growth of harmful bacteria.


The present work reveals the problems linked to automation of accounting process and preparation of statements in Russian economy. The author classifies the software products according to various criteria and points out to the unique features of each product. Also the characteristics of the Omsk market of IT-consulting are defined.


The recognition of a mind cancer and its grouping from present day image modalities is an essential worry, yet a tedious and dreary work was achieved by radiologists or medical bosses. The precision of identification and tumor stages grouping done by radiologists is relied upon their knowledge just, so the PC supported innovation is imperative to help with the conclusion exactness. In this research, a tumor portion is segmented from the brain image by using Adjusted Kernel-Based Fuzzy C-Means (MKFCM) algorithm. The input images are resized like 256×256 in the pre processing stage. The pre-processed MRI image segmented by MKFCM, which is a stretchy top ML system to locate the object in a difficult pattern. Next, Hybrid Feature Extraction (HFE) performed on the segmented image to increase the feature subsets. The feature selection (FS) process was performed by Kernel Nearest Neighbour (KNN) based Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to acquire the best feature values. The best feature values given to the Naive Bayes (NB) classifier as an input, which is classified into Meningioma, Glioma and Pituitary regions in the MRI images. The performance of proposed KNN-GAFS-NB method is validated by T1-WCEMRI dataset.


The Mink and Valley rivers, Manitoba, contain two sympatric species of dace (Cyprinidae: Rhinichthys). These fishes, although interfertile, have never been reported to hybridize in nature.Seasonal isolation is only partially developed, since overlap in time of spawning exists. During spawning, adults of the two species tend to occupy different habitats, the Great Lakes longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae cataractae being most abundant in water velocities faster than 45 cm/sec and the western blacknose dace R. atratulus meleagris in water velocities less than 45 cm/sec; but some overlap exists. However, the place of spawning of the two species is distinctly different. Nests of longnose dace were found in water velocities exceeding 45 cm/sec with large stones, whereas nests of blacknose dace were found in slower water velocities in gravel. The patterns of spawning behaviour of these two cyprinids reveal marked differences and obvious incompatibilities. Males of both species actively defend territories prio...


On‐road remote sensing operates in real‐time, under real world conditions, making it ideal for detecting high pollution emitters on roads and highways. Remote sensing measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) were compiled from study sites in Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Texas, and Utah. Collectively, the studies took place from 1989 to 1999, producing 278,642 measurements from vehicles manufactured between 1926 and 2000. Median emissions of five‐year categories peaked in the 1950s and decreased steadily thereafter, with steepest declines from the late 1970s to early 1980s. Observed emissions decreases coincide with advances in emissions control technology, oxygenated gasoline, more fuel‐efficient engines (up to 1988), and emissions testing.


The article is devoted to the study of the authentic performance periods formation and the definition of their specifics. The evolution of the origin and formation of ancient ensembles, both instrumental and vocal, and their rapid growth around the world are analyzed. The works of many researchers are devoted to the study of ancient music: V. P. Kachmarchik, R. Taruskin, N. V. Sikorskaya, etc. but the lack of musicians attention and theoretical studies to the issues of specificity and authentic performance development are emphasized. As a result of work the review of the most known ensembles and ancient music performers of Western Europe, Russia and Ukraine of the second half of the XX-XXI centuries is made and also specificity of each ensemble is defined. The staging of «Dido and Aeneas» by I. Korol and «Boris Godunov» by A. Reshetin operas and their performing versions are compared. By the beginning of the XXI century, the phenomenon of Early Music has firmly taken its place among the other musical directions of our cultural life. The prospect of further research is in a detailed examination of each period of authentic performance.


Mobility pattern mining in geo-tagged social media data is an important task because it can be used many areas such as traffic scheduling, recommendation systems and etc. Current studies mainly focus on spatial information only or a combination of spatial information and semantic keywords. However, user groups is an important part of social media. Analyze user groups by their semantic meanings, and then apply both spatial information and semantics information to find user-group specific mobility patterns may reveal more valuable information. In our project, we build a heterogeneous information network from raw tweets and apply embedding techniques to generate word and user embeddings. Based on the output, we cluster user groups, and detect hotspots based on each user group. We finally find two kinds of mobility patterns of each user group, Frequent Triplets and Trajectory patterns.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to design regular feedback controls for the global asymptotic stabilization ( gas ) of systems with compact convex control value sets ( cvs ) U with 0 ∈ intU, in the framework of Artstein-Sontag's control Lyapunov function ( clf ) approach. Convex theory allows us to reveal the intrinsic geometry involved in the clf stabilization problem, and to show that it is solvable if there is an optimal control
 ω ¯ ( x ) . We study the existence, uniqueness and continuity of
 ω ¯ ( x ) depending on properties of U, and how to attain higher regularity in terms of the geometry (curvature) of U. However, in view that
 ω ¯ ( x ) is singular, we consider a general form of admissible feedbacks for the gas of a system, provided a clf is known. Then, we propose an explicit formula for suboptimal admissible feedback controls. Finally, based on a method to approximate compact convex sets, we design regular feedback controls for the gas of systems with compact convex cvs U with 0 ∈ intU, at expenses of small overflows in the control values.


The absorption spectrum of π–π* system of pyridine-D5 molecule has been measured in the range 33790–36990 cm−1, on the Hilger large quartz spectrograph. A large number of sharp bands have been measured and analyzed in terms of ground and excited state frequencies which have been compared with the corresponding frequencies of pyridine-H5 molecule.


A description is given of the general arrangement of the overall feeder protection systems used by the CEGB. It is shown how this arrangement is only designed to accommodate protection relay failure when this failure leads to nonoperation under power-system fault conditions. The increasing importance of ensuring relay failures do not cause incorrect tripping is highlighted and existing methods of preventing this are discussed. A new approach to overcome this problem is described; that of computerised maintenance testing. A computerised protection test set specificaly developed for this purpose is described. Details are given of the hardware, software and mode of operation of the equipment, and test results produced by it are used to demonstrate the tests which the equipment can perform.


The pressure dependence of the rate of solvolysis of dimethyl-t-butyl sulfonium iodide has been studied in ethanol–water mixtures at 60.00 °C. Determination of the partial molal volume of the substrate ions has enabled the volumes of activation to be dissected into initial and transition state components. The solvent composition dependence of the partial molal volumes of the two states provides further details of the nature of the reaction mechanism.


The absence of an effective and stable cladding has been a major hurdle in utilizing single crystal fibers for harsh environment sensing applications despite the promise of sapphire for temperatures as high as 1800°C. This work discusses the development of a high temperature cladding for sapphire fibers using wet chemical methods. Magnesium aluminate spinel has been chosen as the material for the cladding as it has a lower refractive index compared to sapphire and does not undergo significant interdiffusion with sapphire at temperatures below approximately 1200°C. Different sol-gel based approaches have been pursued to develop polycrystalline cladding layers with thicknesses greater than a micron, as required to ensure adequate confinement of the guided electromagnetic radiation within the fiber core. For sapphire fibers, high temperature stability of the cladded fibers as well as the effect of the cladding layer on optical characteristics under different application relevant gas environments at elevated temperatures has been investigated.


A compact set E⊂Rd is said to be arithmetically thick if there exists a positive integer n so that the n ‐fold arithmetic sum of E has non‐empty interior. We prove the arithmetic thickness of E , if E is uniformly non‐flat, in the sense that there exists ε0>0 such that for x∈E and 0


The number of people who displaced from North Korea and settled in the Republic of Korea has increased in recent years. As of the end of 2018, there...


Medical image segmentation plays an important role in clinical applications, such as disease diagnosis and treatment planning. On the premise of ensuring segmentation accuracy, segmentation speed is also an important factor to improve diagnosis efficiency. Many medical image segmentation models based on deep learning can improve the segmentation accuracy, but ignore the model complexity and inference speed resulting in the failure of meeting the high real-time requirements of clinical applications. To address this problem, an asymmetric lightweight medical image segmentation network, namely AL-Net for short, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, AL-Net employs the pre-training RepVGG-A1 to extract rich semantic features, and reduces the channel processing to ensure the lower model complexity. Secondly, AL-Net introduces the lightweight atrous spatial pyramid pooling module as the context extractor, and combines the attention mechanism to capture the context information. Thirdly, a novel asymmetric decoder is proposed and introduced into AL-Net, which not only effectively eliminates redundant features, but also makes use of low-level features of images to improve the performance of AL-Net. Finally, the reparameterization technology is utilized in the inference stage, which effectively reduces the parameters of AL-Net and improves the inference speed of AL-Net without reducing the segmentation accuracy. The experimental results on retinal vessel, cell contour, and skin lesions segmentation datasets show that AL-Net is superior to the state-of-the-art models in terms of accuracy, parameters and inference speed.


For stochastic control problems with mixed state-control constraints, we develop a dynamics aggregation method which replaces the stochastic differential or difference equation with a simpler constraint. Solutions of such simplified problems are used to construct a sequence of approximations to the original problem. Convergence properties of the method for both discrete-time and continuous-time models are analyzed in detail.


This study was conducted based on the phenomena that is in SMP 1 Semarang which indicates the level of students motivation is low. This study aims determine the level of success in overcoming the low learning  motivation using  group counseling.This type of research is action research guidance and counseling. Subjects were 8 from eighth grade students in SMP N 1 Semarang. Data collection tool used is the scale of learning motivation, observation, and interviews. The instrument has been tested for use in the study using the formula product moment validity and reliability with Alpha formula. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative analysis with percentages and qualitative analysis.Results of research before obtaining treatment learning motivation is low at 44.4%, after the first cycle increased to 65% in the medium category, and after receiving the provision of the second cycle increased to 74% with the higher category. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that an increase learning motivation significantly after organized group counseling


Freshwater lakes are generally net sources of CH4 and in boreal lakes a major part of the CH4 emissions originates from the littoral zone during the ice-free season. Aerobic CH4 oxidising bacteria, methanotrophs, significantly limit the flux of CH4 to the atmosphere from sediments. Increased N load causes eutrophication and subsequent anoxia, which probably enhances CH4 production. In addition, inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) can inhibit CH4 oxidation. Our study belongs to the research consortium METHECO (Eurodiversity programme of European Science Foundation), where the activity and diversity of methane oxidising bacteria are studied in various European ecosystems.


Hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) is established as one of the few hyperbranched polymers that offer the possibility to control molecular weight up to Mn = 6000 g/mol. This work introduces a facile 2-step strategy that relies on the use of a low molecular weight PG (Mn = 500 and 1000 g/mol) as a macroinitiator for the slow addition of glycidol, permitting to overcome previous limitations concerning molecular weights and molecular weight control. A systematic investigation of the effect of the degree of deprotonation on the control of the polymerization reaction has been carried out. A series of hyperbranched PGs with molecular weights up to Mn = 24000 g/mol has been obtained under fully controlled conditions. The polydispersities of the samples prepared were in the range of 1.3 to 1.8. In summary, we present the first example of a synthetic strategy for a hyperbranched polymer that is now accessible over a broad range of molecular weights (300−24000 g/mol) without the ubiquitous problem of large polydispers...


ABSTRACT The main goal of this article was evaluated the compressive strength of concrete by combination method of non-destructive testing using ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt rebound hammer. For the comparison of different method it was molded cylindrical and cubical samples of concrete at the laboratory with different size of aggregate (stone 0, 1 and 2) and water/cement ratio. Rilem [4], Gasparik [5] and Di Leo and Pascale [6] theoretical model were used to preview the compressive strength of concrete. The conclusions of this work were: for concrete with compressive strength above 30 MPa, it was found a higher variability on the ultrasonic pulse velocity, differently that was found for rebound index. The ultrasonic pulse velocity for con-crete with aggregate size 0 was higher when compared with concrete with aggregate size 1 and 2. For re-bound index, it wasn´t possible to verify the difference between the rebound index and the size of the aggre-gate. Comparing the experimental and theoretical strengths of nondestructive method, it was observed that the results were below of the unitary line (experimental / theoretical), which confirms that Rilem [4], Gas-parik [5] and Di Leo and Pascale [6] are non-reliable models for the prediction of concrete strength.


In this paper, we consider a multi-input multioutput (MIMO) two-way wireless relay network in which two users, U1 and U2, exchange their information via a relay station, R. Single carrier cyclic prefix (SCCP) is used in the system to combat intersymbol interference (ISI) in frequency-selective fading channels. The transmission process is divided into two Phases. At Phase 1, both users send their information to R simultaneously. R then amplifies and transmits its received signals at Phase 2. We propose an algorithm to estimate the channel information at end users based on the least-square principle. To further minimize the mean square error (MSE) of the estimate, a method to design the optimal training sequences is also proposed. The proposed method does not estimate individual channels between each end user and R but incorporates them into composite channels. Simulation results show that the performance achieved by our optimal design is close to that with perfect channel information.


This study comprises a taxonomic revision of Rhysotoechia (Sapindaceae) preceded by a phylogenetic analysis. Fifteen species are recognised and three imperfectly known species are discussed. Five new species from New Guinea are described. Two species from the Philippines, Borneo and one species from Australia are reduced. There are no excluded species. A key, based on both flower and fruit characteristics, gives access to the species. The study was restricted to the macromorphological characters, leading to a data matrix with 25 characters. The cladistic analysis was run with the computerprogram HENNIG86. Eventually one cladogram has been accepted.


There is provided a time-delay soft switch that has one or more first layers (10) of material with first elastomeric properties and one or more second layers of material with second elastomeric properties differing from those of the one or more first layers (10). One or more first layers (10) and/or one or more second layers (20) are each provided with at least one electrically conductive portion surface (12, 22). The time-delay switch provides, via the relative elastomeric properties of the layers, a time delay for opening and/or closing of an electric circuit that is compatible with the soft, flexible nature of a fabric.


Computational models are capable of simulating the expected thermal response of biological tissue to laser irradiation. A typical laser tissue model accounts for optical energy deposition, heat transfer, and damage assessment, with the latter often represented by calculation of the Arrhenius integral. Previous studies have successfully employed these methods to predict skin damage thresholds at laser wavelengths with high absorption in water, and usually for single continuous-wave exposures. However, there remains a need for a robust and accurate predictive model in low-absorption, high-scattering cases, such as for exposures in the near-infrared region near 1000 nm. This study presents a framework for modeling laser irradiation of skin tissue at 1070 nm for both continuous-wave and pulsed exposures with durations ranging from 10−2 to 101 s. The authors derive an optical absorption coefficient for the epidermis that agrees with expected chromophore distribution and report the modeled skin thermal responses alongside surface thermography data from in vivo porcine exposures as validation of simulation accuracy. Comparisons of modeled damage thresholds calculated by the Arrhenius integral with documented experimentally determined minimum visible lesion ED50 data exhibit a high degree of agreement. The authors also provide new Arrhenius rate process coefficients of A = 2.74 × 1094 s−1 and Ea = 5.90 × 105 J/mol, determined from experimental thermal profiles with a unique method, that demonstrate more accurate threshold predictions than those used in previous modeling studies. The techniques outlined by this study provide a useful tool in assessing potentially hazardous near-infrared laser exposure scenarios.


The assessment on financially disadvantaged students is the prerequisite of implementing the policy of helping students with financial difficulties in the institutions of higher learning.This paper will ponder on the practicality of ideological and political education among college students after probing the problems in the assessment of financially disadvantaged students.What's more,it will also probe the significance of nurture in providing financial support and help to improve the work of aiding financially disadvantaged students with the cumulative efforts of providing financial support and nurture.


Monitoring and evaluating the health of the cloud manufacturing service ecosystem (CMSE) is critical to ensuring the long-term development of the cloud manufacturing service platform. The behavior patterns of three types of market entities, service demander (SD), service provider (SP) and platform operator (PO), have an important impact on the evolution trend of CMSE. The formulation of platform transaction rules and development of operation and regulation strategies need clarified the evolution law of the CMSE. Therefore, the evolution framework of the CMSE is constructed, the behavior modes of market entities such as SP, SD, and PO are established respectively, and multi-agent behavior simulation experiments are carried out. Simulation analysis showed that the more sensitive the SP was to the transaction activity in the system, the earlier the ecosystem in which it was located enters the stable period. When the sensitivity k of SD to the number of SPs that are available for required services in the system was between 0.45 and 0.5, the evolution trend of CMSE would show an obvious turning point from rapid growth to shrinkage. PO could adopt flexible charging strategies at different stages of the evolution of the CMSE to maximize revenue.


Introduction: Cardiac glycosides such as digoxin have been considered recently as anticancer drugs based on some epidemiological evidences. However, controversies results have been obtained in several experimental and clinical researches following using them. Therefore, in the present study the antiproliferative properties of digoxin and its mechanisms on the liver cancer cell line have been studied. Methods: HepG2 cell line was cultured with different concentrations of digoxin for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs. The cell proliferation and viability were determined with MTT assay and trypan blue respectively. Also, hematoxilin staining was applicated for nucleus morphology. Results: Cell proliferation and viability were decreased after treatment of the cells with digoxin in all groups compared to control. Colony formation decreased significantly in groups received digoxin. Also, nucleus morphology showed apoptotic changes in the cells after digoxin especially after 48 h. Conclusions: Digoxin decreases the cell proliferation and viability in liver cancer cell line. It is suggested that digoxin exerts its antitumor properties through antiproliferative properties and apoptosis. Since, digoxin is cytotoxic on the cells, finding the doses that have the minimum toxicity in the patients are necessary. In vivo studies in future help us to know more about the mechanisms involve in antitumoral effects of glycosides.


Objective To evaluate the neuroprotection of memantine against cerebral ischemia in SD rat models,and investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham-operation group,ischemia/reperfusion group,vehicle control group and drug test group.Transient brain ischemia(15 min) and reperfusion was induced by the four-vessel occlusion method(4-VO).The experiment was performed by using IB,IP and morphologic methods to examine the expression of relevant message proteins and the survival of hippocampal neurons.Results Transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced obvious neuronal death,which could be improved by the use of memantine.It was also found that memantine inhibited the interactions between NR2A,Src and PSD-95,and decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A.Conclusions The neuroprotective effects of memantine against cerebral ischemic/reperfusion damage are pathologically confirmed in SD rats models.And the mechanism may involve the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A by Src.


The next generation of service robots is to offer services relying heavily on visually guided manipulation, besides navigation, such services as errand, logistics, appliance, home keeping, etc. For the successful introduction of these services, it is critical to establish the consumer-level dependability in 3D object recognition and pose estimation in a natural setting where a large variation of environment, e.g., perspective, texture, form factor, illumination, occlusion, etc., is common. To address this problem, we propose an approach of the two-layered particle filter to the dependability in 3D object recognition and pose estimation. In the upper layer, a set of object pose candidates is identified and maintained in the search space as a set of super-particles, each of which is assigned a probability of the true pose and evolved in time along with the accumulation of further evidences. To define the object pose candidates, first, we acquire initially weak evidences quickly and interpret them in terms of possible object poses in space. These interpretations serve as the region of interest for detailed investigation by which the pose probabilities are computed for individual interpretations based on the likelihood and unlikelihood of various features available in the corresponding regions of interest. During the process of probability computation, we select the object pose candidates to be used as super-particles in the upper layer. In the lower level, the pose uncertainties associated with the individual candidates are represented as particles that are subject to the propagation in time. Finally, the experimental results support the strength of the proposed approach in the real environment in terms of its dependability in 3D object recognition and pose estimation.


The interaction of entities on a network structure is of significant importance to many disciplines. Network structures can have both physical (e.g. power grids, computer networks, the World Wide Web, networks of neurones) and non-physical (e.g. social networks of friends, links between communities, the movement of livestock) realisations that are all amenable to study. In this thesis work on dynamical processes and the networks on which they occur is presented from a viewpoint of both mathematical epidemiology and computational/theoretical neuroscience, with additional consideration of the intersection between the two.

I begin with a paper illustrating how different models of disease transmission are derivable from others and provide a framework for the development of approximate ODEs based on their derivation from exact Kolmogorov equations. This work is followed with two papers that use two such approximate models and consider how they perform when the interplay between both disease and network dynamics is taken into account. Whilst the work in these papers focusses on the modelling of the temporal evolution of the disease and network dynamics, papers four and five consider the recent viewpoint within neuroscience that the brain operates within a critical regime. Making use of models analogous to meanfield models in epidemiology I analyse the behaviour of the system when it is in a balanced state, characterised by the system operating at or near its critical bifurcation, and how this is relevant to the brain itself. Whilst models used within the two areas are analogous, the behavioural aspects of interest within them are quite different. I conclude with a discussion of these differences, the overlaps between both fields and suggest where future work in each area may benefit from incorporating methods and ideas of the other.


Picea crassifolia is a species of climax community in Datong county, Qinghai province, and is used as the main afforestaion species in the project of converting from cropland into forest lands and grasslands. It is very important to study the soil anti-scourability of Picea crassifolia in the rehabilitation lands for directing practice and making layout of the conversion from croplands into forest lands and grasslands. The orthogonality experiment with three factors and three levels shows that runoff is the first important factor which influences the anti-scourability greatly, then comes slope and soil layers. The number of less than 1 mm roots are the main biological factor which seems to have a same trend with anti-scourability. The more the numer of less than 1 mm roots, the stronger the anti-scourability. The roots of Picea crassifolia distribute more in the top soil layer and sharp less in the under soil layers. The number of less than 1 mm in the top soil layer (0~20 cm) , also the roots accumulating layer, accounts for 98.88% of the total layer, and length of roots accounts for 91.37%. The roots in the top soil layer aggregate and cling soil granules well and thus the anti-scourability of the top soil layer is the largest with a average value of 0.830 min/g which is fourfold as big as that of the medium soil layer. Those plants with a lot of fiber roots at the top soil layer must be paid more attention in the engineering of conversion from croplands into forest lands and grasslands.


A new time function was proposed to cover the disadvantage of knothe time function in predicting surface subsidence by adding parameter k. The velocity and acceleration of the progressive surface subsidence obtained from this new time function were compared with actual subsidence data from an iron mine in China. Combining this new time function with section function of surface subsidence basin, a dynamic mode was proposed to predict surface subsidence induced by underground mining and a case study based on this model was carried out. It shows that this model accurately represents the actual subsidence pattern observed. Instruction


"Ante-natal careMaternity leaveHealth and safetyPrecedents and proceduresMarket practicesBenefits during leaveStatutory sick pay and sick payDependant care leaveParental leaveDetrimental treatment and unfair dismissalSex discrimination and family leaveReform: The Green PaperEuropean comparison"


The potential sexual overtones of touching a member of the opposite sex are omnipresent, says Montagu, who, of course, is an advocate of touching. 3 Evidently, the Anglo-Saxon tradition equates touching with sexual meaning. The grand theorists of psychoanalytic forms of psychotherapy were from Teutonic backgrounds, catering mostly to Germanic and Anglo-Saxon clients. This leads to the assumption that these theorists would probably take an antitouching stance. In addition, it must be kept in mind that Freudian theory and its offshoots carried an added problem with reference to touching. Freud's theory hinged on sexuality. The unresolved Oedipal complex was hypothesized as the root of all neurosis. Curing analytic patients, who were most often young females, revolved around their transferring sexual feelings to a male therapist. The tabu against any sexually stimulating contact in therapy was equated with the incest tabu. Thus, touch in therapy became paired with sex, incest, and Oedipal issues. Yet, says Willard Gaylin, it had been well-known-Iong before the advent of scientific studies-that the capacity to give and accept affection is a gift from those who have treated us affectionately. 4 Gaylin and Jules Older go on to suggest that touch, when unexpected in a therapy situation, is powerful particularly as a releaser, a comforter, and a change agent. 5 It has been .theorized that the aloof, rational, and highly intellectual approach of Freud and his followers reflected their "anal" personality types, characterized by the isolation of thought from feelings and mind Touching, a film by Ashley Montagu, inspired me to study touching in the practice of clinical social work. I The film stressed the importance of touch, beginning with the physical contact between mothers and neonates in their oral stage of development. It showed that physical contact with others continues to be of importance to all persons through all stages of the life cycle. I was particularly impressed with a diagram that showed the largest sense area of the brain to be that which receives the stimulation of touching. It seemed to be somewhat paradoxical that psychoanalytic theory and ego psychological theory-both serving as theoretical bases for social work practice-proclaim the critical connection between touch and basic trust in the oral stage of development, yet touch in therapy is tabu. Herman Borenzweig is Associate Professor, School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.


The research development of nanotechnology was introduced in recent years,the applications amd expectations which were applied in the domain of refrigeration and cryogenic were described in detail.If the applications of nanotechnology in the domain of refrigeration and cryogenic are to improve its performance farther,the key problems applied in the domain of refrigeration and cryogenic such as below should be studied deeply: nanophase materials,nanophase technique of manufacture.


In this paper we propose a novel approach for distributed traffic management of a group of mobile collaborative vehicles, moving within a shared environment. Our algorithm is based on a modified graph representation of the space-time where the robotic vehicles operate. The proposed graph representation augments standard path planning strategies by allowing multiple speeds. Robots can negotiate their route and set their speed to prevent and solve possible collisions while taking into account the energy consumption. Indeed, the algorithm will be formally proved to provide collision free paths.


In an ever-tightening job market, top organisations are learning not just to spot talent but to cater to it. The issues of employee retention and recruitment in Australia are discussed in this article. This article is adapted from June Parker's March 2005 address to CEDA in Melbourne, 'Attracting and Retaining Top Performers in the Workplace of the Future'.


The accuracy of results obtained in the laboratory is fundamental to customer safety and legal compliance. However, the process olaboratory analysis is subject to interference, which could affect the results, gener ate responses dubious or even cause the interruption of laboratory activity. This paper aim s to verify the usefulness of the tool deployment CUSUM in statistical process control (SP C) of a basic sanitation company. The use of this technique may help in early identificat ion of potential problems allowing preventive actions are taken in the process of phys ical and chemical analyzes. The methodology used in this study consisted of an init ial exploratory research, using strategy as a literature review on the topic SPC. In a second swe carried out a descriptive and


For atmospheric correction of satellite images, the problem is formulated to estimate the distance from a cloud at which its influence on the satellite image of the Earth surface can be neglected. The Monte Carlo method of conjugate trajectories is used. The gap radius in the field of continuous cloudiness at which the influence of the cloudy medium on the received signal intensity does not exceed 10 % is obtained. It is revealed that for the Lambert law of radiation reflection from the Earth surface, the curve of the dependence of the received signal intensity on the gap radius has a maximum caused by the opposite influence of light scattering by the cloudy medium and radiation reflection by the surface (adjacency effect). To further generalize the examined problem to a stochastic cloud field, the method of direct simulation of photon trajectories in a stochastic medium is compared with G. A. Titov's method of closed equations in the gap vicinity. A comparison is carried out with the model of the stochastic medium in the form of a cloud field of constant geometric thickness consisting of rectangular clouds whose boundaries are determined by the stationary Poisson flow of points. It is demonstrated that results of calculations can differ at most by 20‒30 %; however, in some cases (for some sets of initial data), the difference for the entire region of cloud cover indices is within 7 %.


Experimental and numerical investigation on the thermal performances of mini-channel heat sinks for cooling the integrated electronic chip with 50 W/cm2 power density using the liquid-cooling technology was conducted.The characteristics of total heat exchange and heat flux performance were obtained by measuring and simulating the heated surface temperature,the inlet and outlet temperature of coolant,under different flow rates and heating power conditions.The heat sinks can effectively remove the high density heat generated by the integrated electronic chip on the surface heat flux up to 56 W/cm2 and the pressure drop under 400 Pa with Reynolds number under 50 and surface temperature under 85 ℃.The friction factor of mini-channel heat sinks decreases with Reynolds number under the Reynolds number we checked and the heat flux increases with the surface temperature and flow rate.The convective heat transfer coefficient of the mini-channel heat sinks increases with Reynolds number,and the extent increases with power density.


Abstract To study the relationship of Mediterranean fruit fly or medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), to native plant hosts in an area within its original home range, fruits were sampled in diverse areas of Kenya from 1999 to 2001. Sampling effort was concentrated in and around forested areas in coastal, central highland, and western highland habitats. Medflies were reared from fruits of 55 species of plants, 51 of them indigenous; 46 of these species represent previously unknown hosts in Africa. Fruits infested by C. capitata were collected in all study sites, east and west of the Gregory Rift Valley, in xeric habitats between the coast and the central highlands, and at altitudes from sea level to 2,164 m above sea level. The conditions for year-round breeding of medfly in indigenous fruits are present at the coast, and possibly in highland areas as well. Infestation indices were comparable to those reported elsewhere from cultivated fruits. Although polyphagous in its home range, C. capitata was not distributed uniformly among species within two important host-plant families, Sapotaceae and Rubiaceae.


A significant step forward in light therapy is the light therapy apparatus proposed by Pisard (Klin. Woch., 1923, No. 45).


Provided is a light diffusing sheet which has high light diffusivity and with which decreases in luminance in a backlight device are suppressed as much as possible and local luminance unevenness and local light leakage are reduced. This light diffusing sheet has a light diffusing layer, and the light diffusing layer includes a binder resin, light diffusing resin particles, and inorganic fine particles. The light diffusing sheet has a Y value of 0.3 to 2.1, as measured by a D65 light source transmission measuring method according to JIS Z 8722:2000. The inorganic fine particles are at least one of zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide, for example, and 40 to 480 parts by weight of the inorganic fine particles are included relative to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin (solid content).


Optical data storage in volume holograms has been an exciting prospect for high data storage technology since the digital volume holographic storage system was demonstrated. Angle and wavelength-multiplexed recordings have excellent potential for a large storage capacity. Recently we developed a diode-pumped single-frequency and tunable Yb:YAG microchip laser. We demonstrate the angle and wavelength multiplexed recording by using the tunable intracavity frequency-doubled Yb:YAG green laser.