Objective
To preliminarily analyze the value of ultrasonography on liver grafts in in-suit split liver transplantation (ISSLT).

Methods
The ultrasonography data of 5 cases of donation after brain death were analyzed retrospectively. All the donors received routine two-dimensional ultrasonography, color doppler ultrasound (CDFI) and shear wave elastography (SWE) before transplantation, and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed depending upon the situation.

Results
Test result of two-dimensional ultrasonography showed that liver echo was low in 2 cases, slightly enhanced in 2 cases, and remarkably enhanced in 1 case. No abnormality was found in hepatic artery, portal vein, middle hepatic vein or their branches using CDFI. The shear wave velocity of right hepatic anterior of 5 donors was 2.67-4.35 kPa. CEUS was performed in 2 donors, and 1 case had anatomical variation in hepatic artery. The vascular assessment results of ultrasonography were consistent with intraoperative findings. Pathologic findings showed no hepatic adipose infiltration in all five cases.

Conclusions
Ultrasonography can serve as the preferred imaging examanation for preoperative liver evaluation of ISSLT donor. It can accurately evaluate the size, quality, existence of adipose infiltration, and vascular variation of donor livers. SWE and CEUS can serve as effective supplements for the traditional ultrasonographic method by hardness and microcirculation perfusion detection, respectively.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; In-suit split liver transplantation; Shear wave elastrography; Contrast enhanced ultrasound


The pressure calculation of the restart of waxy crude oil pipeline makes for safety restart and restart design.The coupled model is studied with continuity equation,motion equation and theology equation.The restart model takes into account the compressibility and longitudinal variations.The theology of the gelled oil is modeled based on Bingham model,yield stress varies with time.Both laminar and turbulent flows are considered in the model.Pressure is calculated by numerical procedure.Compared to the previous model based on incompressible CNR,the present model gives a more realistic prediction.


The nexus between financial development and economic growth has been the subject of many literature. Researchers have tried to find if the causality is unidirectional, if so which variable causes the growth of the other or if it was bi-directional. However, the results of these researches have been conflicting and no definitive solution to this has been discovered. The purpose of this paper is to apply time series techniques to investigate this relationship. The focus of this study was based on Bangladesh because it was very recently classified by the UN as a developing country and such a study would help the government with critical information for formulating policies for its development. To the best of our knowledge, Bangladesh has not been the interest of such a study in the past. Time series techniques such as Autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) and the more recent Non-linear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) were used. The results were paired with Variance decomposition techniques to strengthen the results. Annual data from 1972 to 2016 was obtained from the World Bank data bank. This study revealed that there is a strong positive co-integrating relationship between financial development and economic growth in Bangladesh and that the finance variable leads the economic growth variable suggesting a supply-leading hypothesis. Finally, the results revealed only a short run symmetry between the variables.


A series of alkali metal salts of dithiocarbamate-substituted carboxylate (DTCC) anions were prepared by reaction of the parent amino acids with carbon disulfide and an alkali metal hydroxide. The target compounds, which were isolated in anhydrous form or as hydrates, were extensively characterized by elemental analyses, IR and NMR spectroscopy, thermal analyses, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The isolated compounds are more or less hygroscopic and display a varying dehydratization and decomposition behavior upon heating. The assumed degradation of the DTCC scaffold was found to depend on the substitution pattern as well as on the alkali metal counterion, and covers a range between 200 and 340 ° C. In aqueous solution, the DTCC anions show irreversible electrochemical oxidations, where the corresponding redox potentials are governed by the substitution pattern of the nitrogen atom. Single-crystal structural analyses of sodium and potassium derivatives revealed that these compounds exist as two-or three-dimensional coordination polymers in the solid state, with the alkali-metal ions adopting typical irregular coordination environments with coordination numbers of six or higher.


Objective Changes in intraocular pressure were in- vestigated during the formative stages of myopia induced by form- deprivation and its recovery period in the guinea pig. Methods Twenty guinea pigs were randomly assigned to 2 groups: monocular form-deprivation (FD) group (n=10) and normal control group (n= 10). Intraocular pressure was measured prior to the experiment, during the monocular deprivation period (6 time points of 3, 6, 9, 12, 19 and 26 days of form-deprivation) and at 7 days after re- covery from form -deprivation. Biometric measurement (refraction , corneal curvature, axial length and its components) were measured prior to the experiment, after the 26-day period of form-deprivation and at 7 days after recovery from form-deprivation. The monocular form-deprived eyes were compared to the fellow eyes and the nor- mal control eyes using statistical analysis. Results Compared to the fellow eyes and the eyes of the normal control group, the intraocu- lar pressure, refraction, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness, vitreous chamber and axial length of the monocular, form-deprived eyes had no significant differences before form-deprivation. The in- traocular pressure of the monocular form-deprived eyes was higher than that for the fellow eyes and the eyes of the normal control group, was significantly different at all time points during the 26 days of form-deprivation (P0.05). However, there were no signifi- cant differences (P0.05) 7 days after form-deprivation period end- ed. Compared to the fellow eyes and the eyes of the normal control group, the refraction, vitreous chamber and axial length of the monocular, form-deprived eyes had significant differences (P0.05) after the 26-day period of form-deprivation. However, the corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness of the monoc- ular form-deprived eyes showed no significant differences. Compared to the fellow eyes and the eyes of the normal control group, only the vitreous chamber of recovered eyes had significant differences(P0.05) 7 days after the form-deprivation period had ended. Con- clusion In the process of the form -deprivation, the intraocular pressure of the monocular form -deprived eyes is higher than the fellow eyes and the eyes of the normal control group. The intraocu- lar pressure of the monocular form-deprived eyes recovered to nor- mal 7 days after the period of monocular form-deprivation ended.


Polarization state in epitaxial thin films of relaxor ferroelectric PbMg1∕3Nb2∕3O3 (PMN) was experimentally studied at the nanoscale using a piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). In the absence of a dc bias applied to the PFM tip, no piezoelectric activity could be found on most of the surface of the film. Under a moderate voltage (>1.5–2V), a polar state with a nonzero piezoresponse could be induced. Longer poling resulted in a significant reduction of the initial piezoresponse. After removing the bias field, a long-term relaxation of the piezoelectric signal obeying a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watt dependence was observed.


This article examines the limits and possibilities of planning, considered as an instrument of formulation of policies. The reflections refer to the city of Rio de Janeiro which, during the 60's, experienced a true urban reform, resulting from the impact of the implementation of a series of public investiments


The authors investigate the dispersion of a dynamically neutral tracer flowing in a self-similar, hierarchical model of a porous medium. They consider a purely convective limit in which the time for tracer particles to traverse a given bond is strictly proportional to the inverse of the flux in the bond; the effect of molecular diffusion is neglected. Their hierarchical model contains an adjustable 'asymmetry' parameter which controls the width of the distribution of transit times for a tracer to traverse the multiplicity of paths in the network. They derive a functional recursion relation for this distribution, from which exact expressions for the moments can be obtained. They find two regimes of behaviour which are governed by the value of the asymmetry parameter. In one regime, the transit time distribution is characterised by a single timescale, so that a localised pulse of tracer spreads out at the same rate at which the pulse is convected downstream. In the second regime, the small fraction of tracer passing through the slowest bond of the network dominates in the moments of the distribution, leading to highly enhanced dispersion. The consequences of these results for the dispersion coefficient are discussed, both for self-similar and homogeneous systems.


In 1968, Macaulay coined the term lymphomatoid papulosis to describe the paradox of a clinically benign, self-healing skin eruption resembling pityriasis lichenoides acuta, in which the histology was unexpectedly that of a malignant lymphoma. 1 Willemze et al 2 subsequently classified lymphomatoid papulosis into two principal histologic types: type A, in which large atypical cells with characteristics of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells are prominent; and type B, in which atypical cerebriform mononuclear cells similar to mycosis fungoides cells predominate. The presence of both histologic types in different but concurrent lesions and the finding of transitional forms in some biopsy specimens suggested that the two types were somehow related. Further clarification of the histogenesis of lymphomatoid papulosis, the relationship between the principal histologic types, and the nature of the atypical cells awaited the development of new monoclonal antibodies for their investigation. In this issue of theARCHIVES, Tokura


A case-study of the contribution of missionary education to the development of Africa – an inverse mirror-image of the stereo typical depiction in the literature


Neurogenesis is vital in the preservation of cognition. Previous studies have reported antioxidant vitamins as a key regulatory factor in neurogenesis. However, current research investigating their role is inconclusive due to the limited number of studies that have been conducted and conflicting results. This review evaluates the scientific evidence behind the potential roles of antioxidant vitamins in neurogenesis. Observations concerned with the mechanistic and functional aspects of how antioxidant vitamins modulate neurogenesis are both assessed. Vitamin A is evidently involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation; vitamin C reportedly promotes neural differentiation and maturation while inhibiting neurite outgrowth; vitamin E is identified to inhibit cell proliferation while improving cell viability. Varying antioxidant vitamin concentrations have been implicated in facilitating cognition in terms of attention, memory, language, and executive function. Moreover, this review suggests a threshold antioxidant vitamin concentration that should be maintained to promote optimal levels of adult neurogenesis.


Abstract : A discrete, time-dependent energy deposition model is used to study high-energy electron-beam (100 eV to 10 MeV) deposition in atomic nitrogen. Both time-dependent and steady-state secondary electron distributions are computed. The loss function, mean energies per electron-ion air production (DELTA W), production efficiencies, and yield functions are presented for a wide range of energies.The latest experimental and theoretical cross section are used in the model which predicts DELTA W is approximately 31 eV for a wide range of beam energies and background ionization fractions.


e13541 Background: Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity of many anticancer drugs, including taxanes, vinca alkaloids and platinating agents. There are no effective means to predict which patients are at risk for CIPN nor are there effective treatments. Therefore, we have used a whole genome approach in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) alone or combined with clinical study data to identify target genes associated with CIPN that we tested further in Neuroscreen-1 (NS-1: rat pheochromocytoma) cells and human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iCell neurons). Methods: For selecting candidate target genes, we compared published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) results of sensory peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients receiving paclitaxel with GWAS results of pharmacologic phenotypes in LCLs after paclitaxel treatment. We evaluated neurotoxic drug-induced cell growth inhibition using Cell Titer Glo and neurite parameters of outgrowth, processes ...


Context: After more than thirteen years of exploration, Cassini-Huygens space mission provided a large amount of data about the atmosphere of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. It is the only satellite in the solar system to house such a diversified chemistry triggered by the dissociation of N 2 and CH 4 under the action of different sources of energy (electrons, ions, solar photons, ...) 1 that reach the highest atmospheric layer. It results in the formation of complex carbon and nitrogen-based molecules. At lower altitudes, depending on temperature profile and saturation vapor pressures variations, these same compounds condense, thereby forming icy clouds in the stratosphere. In particular, between 2013 and 2017, two distinct benzene-containing clouds have been identified by the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer for the first time during the mission, at the south pole at high stratospheric altitudes that are crossed by long-UV solar photons (λ>230nm). For the highest cloud located below 300km, the spectral signature of icy benzene is mixed with the ones of other molecules unassigned yet 2 . The second cloud detected around 250km of altitude 3 , comes from a more complex process consisting in the simultaneous condensation of benzene with hydrogen cyanide. Thereafter in the mission, a significant warming-up in the stratosphere was reported, contributing to the sublimation of these same ices photo-processed.


Dispersion control and active materials integration have yielded plasmonic components including i) three-dimensional single layer plasmonic metamaterials ii) all-optical, electro-optic and field effect modulation of plasmon propagation iii) plasmon-enhanced absorption in solar cells.


The Armed Revolutionary Forces of Columbia (FARC) and Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) have both demonstrated an uncanny ability to transform themselves and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Integral to the groups are webbed criminal enterprises, cross-border sanctuaries, and internationally-oriented advocacy networks. Both organizations avoided catastrophic breakdowns through a combination of organic survival mechanisms and precise organizational restructuring. Since 2008, the FARC moved away from a centralized wheel structure model toward a system of multiple decision-making nodes. Guerrilla units now operate in an atomized manner since they are often disconnected from the central leadership. This encouraged a growing number of FARC commanders to focus on narco-profits rather than the organization's ideological goals. Meanwhile, the PKK functions in an octopus-like manner, extending its tentacles into neighboring countries and Europe. However, the process of democratization in Turkey and improved international law enforcement collaboration increased internal as well as external pressure on the PKK to restructure. As a result the PKK is struggling to keep its far-reaching tentacles coordinated. The PKK misjudged its ability to manage political groups which weakened its ideological grip, yet the organization's control over criminal and guerrilla branches continues to be as fierce as ever. The FARC's and the PKK's organizational changes suggest that security agencies in Colombia and Turkey need to adapt their counterterrorism strategies also.


Simple closed-form expressions are derived for the vector and scalar potentials of a horizontal electric dipole in homogeneous and layered dielectrics between two ground planes. For the homogeneous dielectric case, an infinite number of dipole images due to the top and bottom ground planes are replaced by a few complex dipole images. For the layered dielectric case, the dipole images due to both the dielectric interfaces and the ground planes are replaced by a few complex dipole images. In addition, the waveguide modes of LSE and LSM types trapped by the two ground planes, and the surface wave modes of LSE and LSM types trapped by the dielectric slabs, both excited by the dipole, are included in the closed-form expressions. The accuracy of the closed-form expressions is confirmed by the numerical integration of spectral integrals. >


Through elaborating the influences of moral education of university libraries,this paper tries to at improve the moral qualification of librarians,make full use of library information resource advantages and open up new ways of university moral education,hoping to make clear the function of university moral education and to realize the goal of training qualified talents of having both ability and integrity for the development of society.


The IUD must be made to adapt to the uterus to achieve optimum effectiveness. To do so 3 factors must be taken into account: 1) shape of the uterus 2) size of the uterus and 3) surface area of the device. Devices must conform to the triangular shape of the uterus for comfort and retention. It appears that the distribution of the sizes of the uteri is fairly regular being smaller for women up to 20 and over 40 years of age than for women between the ages of 20 and 40. Moreover it appears that the uteri are larger for women that have had children than for those that have not and that black nulliparas have significantly larger uteri than white nulliparas. Size does affect retention and tolerance rates. The Dalkon shield is smaller in size than the double coil and Lippes loop and has a longer retention rate than the other 2. Finally surface area - that area in direct contact with the endometrium - must be taken into account when an IUD is fitted; it appears that the larger the surface area of the device is the lower the pregnancy rate. Thus many factors must be taken into account before an IUD is fitted and new knowledge of the uterine anatomy will lead to greater efficacy with the IUD.


Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) is a SAR remote sensing discipline with unique and powerful applications related to the vertical structure of natural and man-made volume scatterers. The coherent combination of singleor multi-baseline interferograms acquired at different polarisations provides sensitivity to the vertical distribution of scattering processes and allows their characterisation by using the associated (volume) interferometric coherences [1][2][3][4][5]. Pol-InSAR is today a well established technique that promises a break-through in solving essential radar remote sensing problems. Indeed, structural parameters of volume scatterers in the biosphere and cryosphere such as vegetation height, structure, biomass, snow depth, and ice layering are today critical inputs for ecological process modeling and enable monitoring and understanding of eco-system change. In this paper we review the actual status of PolInSAR techniques and applications in forestry, agriculture and cryosphere; assess results from actual space (TanDEM-X) and air-borne (F-SAR) campaigns and experiments at different frequencies; and finally discuss new potential applications and challenges.


Object detection methods of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) images are greatly improved with the development of UAV technology. In comparison, the existing object detection methods of UAV images lack outstanding performance in the face of challenges such as small targets, dense scenes, sparse distribution, occlusion, and complex background, especially prominent in the task of vehicle detection. This paper proposed an improved YOLOv5s method to perform vehicle detection of UAV images. The CA (Coordinate Attention) is first applied to the neck of YOLOv5s to generate direction-aware and position-sensitive feature maps, respectively, to improve the detection accuracy of sparsely distributed vehicle targets in complex backgrounds. Then, an improved PAFPN (Path Aggregation Feature Pyramid Network) at the neck of YOLOv5s is proposed for more efficient detection of small and dense vehicle targets. Finally, the CIoU (Complete Intersection Over Union) loss function was used to calculate the bounding box regression to obtain a more comprehensive overlap measure to accommodate different shapes of vehicle targets. We conducted extensive experiments on the self-built UAV-OP (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle from Orthographic Perspective) dataset. The experimental results show that our method achieves the best detection accuracy with a small quantity of calculation increase compared with YOLOv5s. The mAP50 improved by 3%, and the mAP50:95 improved by 1.7% with a 0.3 GFlops increase.


The influence of treatment of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) seeds with the solutions of salicylic and succinic acids on the heat resistance of plantlets and activity of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidase – in them have been investigated. In the micro-field experiment the influence of these acids on the millet yield was estimated. The action of salicylic (10 µM) and succinic (1 mM) acids caused the increase of plantlets resistance to the damaging heating that expressed in the rise of relative quantity of survived plantlets in 5 days after heating at the temperature of 47°С and in the reduced content of lipid peroxidation product malonic dialdehyde during the poststress period. The increase of activity of SOD, catalase and peroxidase took place in millet plantlets under the influence of salicylic and succinic acids. The increase of productivity of millet grain under the action of salicylic and succinic acids on 13,3-52,0 and 6,4-38,8% respectively depending on weather conditions in the field experiments was noted.


Chemical plant's fire and explosion does not only damage to the chemical plants themselves but also damage to people in or near of the accident spot and the neighborhood of chemical plant. For that reason, Chemical process safety management has become important. One of safety management methods is called 'the quantitative analysis', which is used to reduce and prevent the accident. The results of the quantitative analysis could be used to arrange the equipments, evaluate the minimum safety distance, prepare the safety equipments. In this study we make the computer program to make easy to do Quantitative analysis of the accident. The output of the computer program is the magnitude of fire(pool fire and fireball) and explosion(UVCE and BLEVE) effects. We used the thermal radiation as a measure of fire magnitude and used the overpressure as a measure of explosion magnitude. In case of BLEVE, the fly distance of fragment can be evaluated. Also probit analysis was done in every case. As the case study, Buchun LPG explosion accident in Korea was analysed by the program developed. The simulation results showed that the permissible distance was 800m and probit analysis showed that 1st degree bum, 2nd degree burn, and death distances are 450, 280, 260m, respectively the simulation results showed the good agreement with the results from SAFER PROGRAM made by Dupont.


The solid phase method was used to synthesize spinel CoAl2O4 and willemite (Co, Zn) 2SiO4 cobalt blue materials, and their color rendering and acid resistance were compared. The SiO2 and MgO were introduced to modify the Co2O3-Al2O3 system and the finely ground CoAl2O4 was taken as crystal nucleus to investigate its effect on the color rendering of the pigment and acid resistance. The on-glaze cobalt blue pigment with bright color rendering, high color saturation and good acid resistance was developed. The solid phase method was used to synthesize willemite cobalt blue material and then the lead-free flux with strong acid resistance was selected and mixed with the pigment in a certain proportion. The cobalt blue pigment was obtained by baking at a certain temperature. Through the single factor test and orthogonal test, the flux formula was optimized and the secret cobalt blue pigment with bright color rendering and good acid resistance was obtained. The results show that the spinel structure is superior to willemite structure in terms of acid resistance and the introduction of the finely ground CoAl2O4 crystal nucleus can improve the color rendering effect and acid resistance of the spinel cobalt blue material. XRD analysis shows that the main crystal phase of the optimal formula pigment is CoAl2O4, but there are SiO2 residues.


To leave without causing the viewer to the content distribution in advance, to traitor (配 信 者) provides a broadcasting method and a broadcast receiver which enables viewing the content at the time set in advance. In addition, at time traitor is not intended to the content to watch protected content impossible. Broadcast content involving the accumulation start instruction information in a first time zone, record the content onto a recording medium at the receiving end, a first playback start command information for reading out the content recorded in the recording medium to a second time later than the time broadcasting to enable viewing the contents. Content is preferably encrypted. Second decrypting the encrypted content read by using a decryption key that is broadcast with the playback start command information to the time zone, and reproduces. Shutdown and decrypted at the same time erases the decryption key. Broadcasting method, the broadcast receiving apparatus, a content, an encryption processor


Hello and welcome to our second issue of 2020. We have a lot going on, so let's get right to it. Our cover story reveals the winners of this year's SID Honors and Awards and takes a close look at their personal histories, seeking to illuminate that rare quality that makes a truly great innovator.


Abstract As the research, development and commercialization of genetically modified (GM) agricultural crops has increased, consumers in some countries are demanding labels that allow them to identify the presence of GM crops in the food supply. To address these demands, governments have instituted various labelling regulations. An effective labelling system requires a segregation or identity preservation system capable of ensuring the integrity of the food supply and the accurateness of the labels. The managerial and marketing challenges associated with implementing segregation in international supply chains are explored and the risks associated with making investments to implement identity preservation systems are identified. The costs associated with segregation are discussed.


The paper presents the results of pollen and geological analyses from two interglacial lake at Wilczyn and Lipnica. Geological studies in the Podlasie region have shown that a genesis of some fossil lakes can partly be related to the neotectonic structures (Wilczyn). The genesis and the existence of the other ones was dependent mainly on a course of climate conditions (Lipnica). In the pollen diagrams local pollen zones typical for Mazovian Interglacial have been distinguished. The course of the interglacial plant succession with Holsteinian sea-level change has been compared. The change of water level and trophic conditions were discussed.


Objective To explore the curative effect of sandplay therapy on children aged 7-14 years with anxiety related emotional disorders(CARED).Methods In the study 20 children with CARED were randomly assigned to experiment group and control group.The experiment group underwent 8 times of sandplay as the intervention,which was conducted once a week and about 50 minutes every time,while the control group did not.The participants were asked to fill in some scales including the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED)and Eysenck Personality Questionaire(EPQ)before and after the intervention so as to assess the children's anxiety emotions and personality structure.The differences between the both groups might be found through analyzing the results of these scales and thus the efficiency of the sandplay therapy could be assessed.Results After the intervention,the scores of the anxiety(Manxiety:17.30±4.47)and the emotional stability(MNscale:50.80±5.77)of the experiment group were significantly lower than those in the control group(Manxiety:34.30±4.47;MN scale:65.50±3.47 Pa=0).For the experiment group,the scores of the anxiety and the emotional stability before the intervention(Man-xiety:35.70±8.06;MNscale:68.70±7.51)were significantly higher than those after the intervention(Pa=0),while no significant diffe-rence between the scores of before(Manxiety:35.60±4.67;MNscale:67.10±4.72)and after intervention could be found in control group(P=0.096,0.078).Conclusion Sandplay therapy can effectively relieve the anxiety emotion of the children with CARED and therefore it can be used as one of the treatments of CARED.


The relationships between individual soldier aptitudes and the potential for successful combat performance have not been systematically studied. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationships between one measure of individual aptitude, the General Technical (GT) composite from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), and performance during simulated infantry combat. Eleven 3-man teams of infantry soldiers defended against enemy rifle squads performing a Movement to Contact, Hasty Attack mission. The correlation between GT and casualties inflicted was r(30) = .37, p .05. Marksmanship scores did not correlate with aptitude or the two criterion measures, partially due to limited variance. Given further validation, these results could provide important information for Army policy and management decisions.


Mouse inflammatory macrophages taken from casein-induced pleural exudates (the CANS series) and mineral oil-induced peritoneal exudates (the ONS series) of C57BL/6N (B6) mice (H-2*') were fused with BALB/c mouse (H-2") derived myeloma cells. After selection of somatic cell hybrids, cloning and prolonged culture, two clones (CANS-196 and ONS-2C lines) strongly chemotactic to bacterial chemotactic factor and C5a were obtained. These lines also showed rosette forming abilities with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) coated with rabbit IgG anti-Forssman antibody (EA) and IgM followed by complement (EAC) and phagocytic activity, and produced lysozyme. By recloning of these clones, chemotactic subclones active for N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine benzyl ester (FMLP), zymosan-activated serum from AKR mice (ZAS(AKR)) and lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor in addition to bacterial chemotactic factor and C5a, were successfully separated. responded to all these agents weakly, but


During the period from January to October of 2010,80 water samples were collected from 10 sampling sites scattered at the main inlets and drinking water sources of the Taihu Lake for analysis of characteristics of the Spatio-temporal variation of NH3-N,TN,TP and CODMn in the waters,and evaluation of water quality thereof.Results show that with the time going on,NH3-N concentrations in these sensitive waters remained almost unchanged,TN was relatively high in April,TP in July,and CODMn significantly in January and March(no sample for February).Moreover,the sensitive waters located at Northwest Taihu Lake were higher than the others in concentration of NH3-N,TN,TP and CODMn.Water quality evaluation shows that NH3-N,TN,TP and CODMn concentrations in some sensitive waters were higher than the National Standard for Water Environmental Quality.TN and TP,in particular,91.7% and 82.5% of samples exceeded their respective standard.Among the sampling sites,the one at the inlet of Dapu Pier was the most seriously polluted with the arithmetical mean monomial pollution index for NH3-N,TN,TP and CODMn being 2.20,14.73,6.85 and 1.33,respectively.


. Aim. To examine how concert performances of the world-famous Don Cossack Choir of S. A. Zharov were perceived by US music community, theatre audience, and Russian immigrant community in the 1930s, before the World War II. Thus far, this topic has not been sufficiently studied. Procedure and research methods. Various aspects of the creative activity of the Don Cossack Choir dur-ing their tour across the USA were analysed. The study was conducted drawing on a set of scientific ap-proaches, including historicism and systematic method, widely applicable in modern history. American newspapers and periodicals, as well as reports of the participants were used as the main source of data. Results. The Choir presented Russian folk art to foreign audience, successfully promoting Russian music abroad. Concert performances of the Don Cossack Choir made an unforgettable impression on American music community and wide audience. Theoretical / practical relevance. This research may be of interest to those investigating issues associated with Russian immigrant communities, Russian-American relations, and cultural links be-tween the two countries.


1174 The paper presents the results of a field study covering 25 foundries and 5 institutions involved in education, consultancy, and R&D in the foundry sector. The field study was supplemented by interviews with foundry experts in the country and a review of the literature on the Indian foundry industry. This report is an attempt to integrate the different ideas and view obtained from these sources on technology management in the Indian foundry industry. The paper begins with a brief history of the industry and its present form, size, and structure. It, then, presents a brief summary of a study of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research on the technology status in the Indian ferrous foundry industry. This is followed by a description of some of the key institutions concerned with technology development in the foundry sector and the problems faced by them. In the following two sections, the factors blocking technological learning and the factors contributing to technological upgradation are discussed. The report ends with a short summary and some concluding observations.


Excessive preformed vitamin A (VA) intake is contraindicated during pregnancy due to teratogenic concerns. Recent studies have provided biochemical and histological evidence of chronic VA toxicity in captive Old World monkeys consuming laboratory diets containing high concentrations of retinyl acetate. This study investigated the effects of maternal chronic VA toxicity on early fetal hepatic VA storage. Monkey fetal livers (n = 19) ranging from 35 to 93 d gestational age (mid 1st to late 2nd trimester) were analyzed for VA content. Retinoic acid was quantified in a subset of livers (n = 9). Retinyl esters were identified in all fetal livers, and retinol, as a percentage, was more pronounced in younger fetuses. Hepatic VA concentration increased with gestational age (r = 0.92, P < 0.0001), ranging from 0.0011 μ mol/g in the youngest fetus (35 d) to 0.26 μ mol/g in the oldest fetus (93 d) indicating linear accumulation. Mean hepatic VA concentrations were 0.023 ± 0.008 μmol/g for the 1st trimester and 0.19 ± 0.06 μmol/g for the 2nd trimester. Hepatic VA concentrations from 2nd trimester fetuses were higher than those observed in fetal human and monkey livers from later stages of development, when growth and VA accumulation rates are assumed to be the highest. Maternal VA toxicity from excessive intake results in amplified early fetal hepatic retinyl ester storage.


Objective To investigate the method and feasibility of making PD animal models by introstriatum injection of 6-OHDA at two sites.Methods 52 adult male Wistar rats weighted(220±10)g were randomly divided into three groups:32 for animal model-making group,10 for sham operation group and 10 for normal control group.6-OHDA was stereotaxically injected into the right striatum of rats at two sites.Each site received 10 μl.The sham group received the same amount saline.After the operation,rats were tested for rotational behavior induced by apomorphine.Two months after the operation,the pathological changes of substantia nigro and striatum by hematoxylinandeosin(HE) stain and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical stain were observed.Results Among 32 rats of animal model group,22 were selected as successful animal models.Photomicrographs of HE-stain and TH immunohistochemical stain showed that there were many dopaminergic neurons in the left SNc of model group.They were heavy-stained and had different shapes and sizes.They arranged obliquely in band shape.While the dopaminergic neurons in the right SNc dispeared almost completely.The remaining cells were atrophic.The counts of dopaminergic neurons in the left and right side of SNc of model group had significant difference(P0.01).Conclusion Introstriatum injection of 6-OHDA at two sites can produce similar neuropathological changes to idiopathic PD,which has many advantages compared with the traditional methods.


Every Indonesian society applies health protocols in their daily activities. Therefore, used technology is needed to avoid the spread of the virus and become a solution to face the new normal era. One of the uses of technology is to track attendance using a mobile platform. This method poses several problems in its implementation, such as poor authentication, abuse by other users, and difficulties monitoring by teaching staff. The research will build an application to overcome this problem by utilizing Face Recognition, Disable Multi-Device, and Present Validation features. This application was developed on the Android platform using the Flutter framework and integrating two features: authentication and time for attendance validation. Measuring the accuracy of the face recognition algorithm as a factor of authentication that shows the characteristics, scenario testing occurs with five aspects such; camera quality, distance, light intensity, facial expressions, and image-taking position. The sample taken was 40 respondents. The face recognition system is designed and implemented using the Flutter framework on the Android platform. Compare the experimental results of testing scenarios to verify face recognition, measuring the feasibility of this scheme.


The surface cooling technology of a power battery pack has led to undesired temperature gradient across the cell during thermal management and tab cooling has been proposed as a promising solution. This paper investigates the feasibility of applying tab cooling in large-format lithium-ion pouch cells using the cell cooling coefficient (CCC). A fundamental problem with tab cooling is that the CCC for tab cooling decreases as capacity increases. Coupling low CCCs with greater heat generation leads to significant temperature gradients across the cell. Here, the 'bottleneck' that limits heat rejection through the tabs is evaluated. The thermal resistance of the physical tabs is identified to be the main contributor towards the poor heat rejection pathway. A numerical thermal model is used to explore the effect of increased tab thickness and results showed that the cell-wide temperature gradients could be significantly reduced. At the negative tab, increasing from 0.2 to 2 mm led to a 100% increase in CCCneg while increasing the positive tab from 0.45 to 2 mm led to a 82% increasing in CCCpos. Together, this is shown to contribute to a 51% reduction in temperature gradient across the cell in any instance of operation.


Based on the premise that protein aggregation and accumulation in AD and many other neurodegenerative disorders is a key, causal, pathologic event, therapeutic strategies need to focus on i) prevention of aggregate formation ii) enhancement of clearance of the aggregate or iii) neutralization of "toxic" signaling by the aggregate. Enhancing clearance of the target protein via phagocytic mechanisms is the most direct way to test the hypothesis that enhancing clearance will be beneficial. We cloned two novel chimeric phagocytic receptors (CPRs), fused to a previously characterized anti‐Abeta scFv. The present work aims to explore whether astrocyte expressed CPRs targeting Aβ enhance phagocyte clearance and alter the target pathology, when delivered into the brain of the Alzheimer's disease mouse model, CRND8, as a prevention paradigm, before the pathology develops, or after amyloid aggregation already occurred.


The inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect (IREE) is a spin conversion mechanism that recently attracts attention in spintronics and condensed matter physics. In this letter, we report an investigation of the IREE in Bi/Ag by using ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet. We prepared two types of samples with opposite directions of the Rashba field by changing a stacking order of Bi and Ag. An electric current generated by the IREE was observed from both stacks, and an efficiency of spin conversion—characterized by the IREE length—was estimated by taking into account a number of contributions left out in previous studies. This study provides a further insight into the IREE spin conversion mechanism: important step towards achieving efficient spin-charge conversion devices.


Thermophysiological (maximum 41,3 °С and minimum 35,7 °С temperature of the full activity, mode thermostabilization range 38–40 °С, mode is 38,6 °C) and thermoecological (voluntary maximum and minimum, preferred temperatures, night temperatures 10–22 °С) activity indices were determined in Ph. guttatus in May. Four general forms of behavior were observed: warming (22,5–36,1 °C), thermostabilizing behavior (35,7–41,0 °C), voluntary overheat (36,0–41,3 °С) and cooling (37,8–29,3 °C). Refs 7. Figs 2. Tables 2.


Background: The aim of this study was to describe the response to nutritional treatment of severely malnourished hospitalized children in relation to HIV infection Methods: The study was conducted in the paediatric wards of Yekatit 12 hospital, which is situated in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia serving as a referral hospital for clinics, health centers and hospitals situated in and out of Addis Ababa. It also serves as a teaching hospital for AAU Medical students and Residents. We studied 300 severely malnourished children (presence of oedema, weight for age 18 months of age, and PCR (DBS) was performed for those <18 months and CD4+ cells were measured for those who turned out to be positive. Complete blood count (CBC), including differential counts, was determined using a Coulter counter and/or manually. The study is a prospective observational analytic cohort study. Result: Of the 300 children, 75 were HIV Positive (cases) and the remaining 225 were controls (1:3 ratio). There was no significant difference by sex, age group, site of residency, family in come, family educational status, medical illness, hematologic profiles, immune category and presence or absence of edema in the treatment out come of HIV infected children compared to uninfected once. Among HIV infected forty three (43/75) failed to respond to the nutritional intervention when compared to those who are not infected (225/38) (Adjusted OR = 6.61, 95%CI = 0.053, 0.423). Conclusion: HIV infection is a major challenge in addressing nutritional intervention for those children who are severely malnourished admitted in Yekatit 12 hospital. An intervention to alleviate the challenge in managing the problem has to be designed based on further interventional studies.


Important element of cooperation of the states is questions of environmental protection in the course of regional economic integration. (NAFTA) Canada, Mexico and the USA together with adoption of the constitutive treaty NAFTA developed more than 20 years ago member states of the North American free trade zone and adopted the Agreement NAFTA about cooperation in environment. However not all environmental issues managed to be resolved in this Agreement, including the institute of an assessment of impact on environment which gains the increasing value in ensuring ecological safety didn't develop. The present article considered that as a result today cross-border EIA (An assessment of impact on environment in the region realizes on the basis of the national right of member states NAFTA or on the basis of various bilateral contracts (Canadian-American). Difficulty in application of exclusively national legislation at implementation of cross-border projects consists in absence of accurate rules of action in those places where cross-border influence can take place. Emergence of a number of the interstate disputes concerning application of national norms on an assessment of impact on environment in cross-border projects became result of current situation. It is possible to note existence in the field of an assessment of impact on environment between Canada and the USA of the international agreements concluded at the level of states/provinces, sending to norms of EIA. Authors represented that Canada and the USA have to solve this problem together on the basis of international law for maintenance of ecological safety in the region and preservations of surrounding environment.


Feminist thinkers have both appropriated the central concepts of the early Frankfurt School thinker Theodor W. Adorno, such as his concept of the non-identical, and pointed at his problematic depictions of the feminine.1 Despite the growing literature on the latter there is so far no scholarship that shows how the feminine interacts with class in Adorno's figuration of the working-class woman.2 She appears in the Dialectic of Enlightenment and Adorno's later texts as the maid, Circe, susse Madel (sweet girl) and the waitress. Although Adorno's central aim was to challenge instrumental rationality as he found it in its exploded forms in modern societies -in the culture industry and in fascism -I show that he resorts to such a rationality in his figurations of the working-class woman. 3


The magnitude and change of the shear strength parameters of landslide slip soil may directly affect the landslide stability calculation and the results. Through the laboratory experiment, using inverse calculation and analogy methods, the paper determines the parameters and points out that the parameters analysis and determination should be adopt many methods to obtain a reasonable result.


The influence of the so-called "accountability movement" in education in the United States has elevated the perceived importance of student assessments to predominance over most other educational issues. The emphasis has been so great that the two most recent national-level educational policy initiatives, No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top, placed student assessment outcomes at the center of their policies. As a result, schooling reform movements have increasingly focused on the use of student assessments to evaluate teachers. In this essay, I will attempt to show not only that such practices are flawed, but that they also undermine the stated goals of their advocates.


As the medium par excellence for resolving the conflicts of interest between the government and its social partners, negotiation in Spain has swung since its beginnings, in the transition to democracy, between confrontation and consensus. Conditioned by internal factors, political circumstances and the situation of each of the parties, and external factors, stemming from the full integration of an ever more interdependent and globalized economy, the policy of negotiating social pacts has followed an uneven path, although with one fundamental aim: to guarantee the competitiveness of the Spanish economy and protect employment, even if it has meant a reduction of hard-won workers' rights.


Rural service providers often struggle to meet the needs of low-income residents, given the constraints of geography and facets of local culture that stigmatize seeking and receiving help. Although the challenges faced by low-income, rural families are well studied, less is known about how service providers structure programs to serve rural residents. Here, we use qualitative data from two rural New England counties to explore how characteristics of specific communities shape the challenges of their social service systems and the strategies employed to overcome them. We find many common challenges across place and time, including distrust of outsiders and insufficient program funds. However, in the more remote county of the two, service providers have developed synergistic relationships to support vulnerable residents, whereas in the other, politics and town boundaries have impeded this collective approach. We conclude with a review of service delivery strategies, acknowledging the heterogeneity of rural communities.


Global coupled Earth System models are vital tools for understanding potential future changes in our climate. As we move towards mid-decade, we will see new model realizations with higher grid resolution and the integration of many additional complex processes. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is supporting an advanced climate simulation program that is aimed at accelerating the execution of climate models one hundred-fold by 2005 relative to the execution rate of today.


There is no data available on the ABO/Rh(D) frequencies in the Mauritanian population. We retrospectively analysed records of a 5‐year database that contained ABO/Rh phenotype and ethnic origin of 10 116 volunteers giving blood at the national blood transfusion centre to derive the frequencies of ABO/Rh(D) groups in the Mauritanian population. The two race categories in the country and their sub‐ethnic groups: the Moors (whites and black) and the black Africans (Pulhars, Soninkes and Wolof) were included in this study. Globally, group O had the highest frequency (49.10%) followed by A (28.28%), B (18.56%) and AB (4.05%). This order more common in North African populations was found in four of the five ethnic groups composing our population. Allele frequencies were, respectively, 70.20%, 17.74% and 12.04% giving the same order of O > A > B. We observed no significant variation in these frequencies between the different ethnic groups. Rhesus study showed that with a percentage of 94.23% Rh(D) positive is by far the most prevalent, while Rh(D) negative is present only in 5.77% of the total population. This frequency distribution supports the mixed‐race composition of the Mauritanian population.


 Abstract —Cultural studies remains one of the fields of research in the humanities that contributes to the development of the society by aiding the formulation of cultural policies towards the re-engineering of a nation's social behavior. A functioning state benefits a lot from cultural products of cultural studies. Thus for any state, like Nigeria, to reap from cultural studies and policies, its basic democratic institutions should be strong and effective. The theoretical framework for this research is symbolic interactionism proposed by Stryker and Denzin. This is because it enables the understanding of how cultural products are translated into policies that shape the society. In this paper, we demonstrated that Cultural Studies is instrumental to the development cultural policies that take seriously national identity and social integration of the Nigeria society.


Cu is one of the most detrimental impurities to the Si devices. A theoretical investigation into diffusing interstitial Cu (Cuj) in Si and the interactions of Cu with other impurities and defects of the host lattice is strongly desired in order to understand and control the reaction paths of this impurity. We have performed ab initio modelling of the interactions of isolated Cu with bulk Si and the Si(OOl) surface, presenting explanations to a previously unsolved phenomena for the interactions of Cu with Si: according to our studies, Cu is a shallow donor with a closed 3d shell, strongly affected by inherent distortions of the Si environment The attraction of Cu to Si(OOl) is explained by surface reconstruction induced distortions of the Si environment with Cu-Si bond formation (leading to trapping of the impurity) only occurring within three layers of the surface. Our results provide promising results for gettering of Cu and Cu nanowire formation on the Si(OOl) surface. Rare earth (RE) disilicide nanowires on the Si(OOl) surface have been intensely studied by experiment as a candidate for next generation interconnects in devices. Our investigations of these systems represent the first theoretical studies of the interacting wire and substrate. We have focussed on the importance of treating the wire growth as a ID phenomenon, presenting a new candidate structure for the epitaxially grown wire on the basis of these considerations. Our studies, involving Y (not a RE metal but displaying the same behaviour with regards to wire growth) for simplicity, have verified the stability of the wire relative to the RE metal and Si atom reservoirs on the substrate. Finally, initial studies of atomic strings observed in very recent experiments upon deposition of Y on Si(OOl) have been carried out.


This article argues for the importance of a rigorous separation of the data of digital scholarly editions from the interfaces that display them. It is only when we are able to make such a separation, and in turn see our interfaces as API consuming applications, that we will be able to accommodate a plurality of innovative interfaces without redundancy and waste. As this paper will argue, the ability to a make such a separation requires a dramatic rethinking of the essence of a scholarly edition. The article first introduces in abstract what this rethinking looks like and then looks at one attempt to actualize this theory in the case of the medieval scholastic corpus. Through a number of examples of ongoing work, this article shows how such a paradigm shift enables the efficient construction of interfaces and that, because of this efficiency, a plurality of interfaces can be swiftly constructed in order to satisfy a wide variety of research interests.


Our purpose was to evaluate metered dose inhaler (MDI) formulations of ciclosporin (cyclosporine) for aerodynamic properties, chemical stability and bioactivity. Ciclosporin formulations (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% w/w) were prepared in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellants (134a and 227) containing 3 and 6% ethanol. Aerodynamic properties of the MDI formulations were analysed using an eight‐stage Andersen cascade impactor and respirable mass and non‐respirable mass, mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) were determined from the impaction profiles. The chemical stability of 0.1% ciclosporin in HFA 227 containing 3% ethanol formulation stored at room temperature and 40°C was evaluated by HPLC at 0, 14, 30 and 90 days. The bioactivity of ciclosporin MDI formulations was evaluated by determining the ciclosporin‐mediated inhibition of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) release from human Jurkat cells stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). As ethanol concentration increased from 3 to 6%, respirable mass decreased from 2.3 mg per five actuations to 0.04 mg per five actuations for HFA 227 formulations, and from 1.5 mg to 0.09 mg per five actuations for HFA 134a formulations. The MMAD for both HFA 134a and 227 formulations increased with an increase in ciclosporin concentration. HPLC analysis showed ciclosporin to be extremely stable in HFA 227 at room temperature and 40°C. Stimulation of Jurkat cells with PMA released significant amounts of IL‐2, which was inhibited by ciclosporin in a dose‐dependent manner. This study shows the feasibility of developing chemically stable and bioactive HFA‐based MDI formulations of ciclosporin.


It is demonstrated that photographic images of plants can be produced in the absence of external illumination using an image intensifier. The image is produced by the weak delayed light emission (afterglow) from photosynthetically active chloroplasts. The use of such phytoluminographs is proposed for the study and diagnosis at an early stage of disturbances due to parasites, mineral deficiency, herbicides, frost, etc.


Deltares operates the Global Fluvial Flood Forecasting System (GLOFFIS) is a real-time fluvial forecasting system with global coverage. At any location in the world, for both the recent past and the near future, the system produces estimates of various hydrological parameters.

The continued investment in GLOFFIS is justified by various reasons. Primarily, there is an R&D rationale. Any operational system that runs in near real-time poses high requirements to the availability of input data and the runtime of the models used. This problem is augmented when applying the system to the global scale: both model domains and data volumes become significantly larger. Also, data originates from a wide variety of sources. Runtimes, however, cannot be significantly larger hence this poses additional requirements to the efficiency of models used. Solving these issues requires a considerable R&D effort. The resulting developments tend to be useful for the ‘local’ systems we develop and maintain for our clients. An additional rationale is found in the increased demand for global forecasts – notably from a client base that is not able or willing to operate forecasting systems themselves.

At its core, GLOFFIS operates a set of hydrological models that, jointly, cover the entire earth’s land. The models are forced by meteorological data – pertaining to both the recent past and the near future. The models produce estimates of various hydrological parameters such as soil moisture content, surface water runoff and streamflow rates. Future versions of GLOFFIS will include hydrodynamic models, allowing to produce estimates of water level in addition to streamflow rates. Also, future versions will include seasonal forecasts, i.e. forecasts going out several weeks if not months. In addition to real-time data, the system enables the production of long-term timeseries.

In terms of the infrastructure of the system, GLOFFIS is based on the wflow framework for hydrological modelling which is embedded within a the Delft-FEWS forecast production system. Neither of these require any licensing fees and the wflow framework is available through an open source license. The Delft-FEWS system is used for many operational flood forecasting systems including those of the US National Weather Service, the English Environment Agency, the Bureau of Meteorology and many other national forecasting agencies. Wflow is a distributed modelling framework specifically designed to accommodate multiple model schematization types and data assimilation techniques. For GLOFFIS, we opted for the physically based wflow_sbm that uses kinematic wave routing for surface and subsurface flow. So-called pedotransfer functions that translate input base maps to model parameter values ensure that the models require little calibration.


Zinc-based batteries are a scalable and safe alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the natural abundance of zinc, low cost, and ease of processing. In this work, we have successfully synthesized porous zinc electrodes (PZE) via a gel-binder method that can stably charge and discharge for over 700 hours at 1 mA/cm2 before showing signs of failure. We compared PZEs synthesized from small (60 nm), intermediate (10 µm), and large (150 µm) zinc particles to determine which surface features are best suited to mitigate dendritic growth and to improve electrolyte stability. The zinc deposits on the large PZE show a stable and flat morphology, which does not form the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure that is typically seen on planar zinc anodes. The intermediate PZE has an increased affinity to deposit onto the glass microfiber separator leading to a decrease of active material on the anode that causes instability during galvanostatic cycling. Both planar zinc and small PZE show HCP deposits that are normal to the surface, which result in very poor electrochemical performance. As the particle size increases, the deposits transition from HCP crystals to flat amorphous metal deposits, increasing cyclic stability.


This diploma thesis is an expert's detailed report on the demarcation, division and levelling
of borders, the delimination of the soil under the building as well as the changes in the type
of usage according to the real estate recording act. The real estate recording act itself is
summarised in the thesis. On the other hand, the field work phase of the land survey as well
as the production of an expert's detailed report on the demarcation, division and levelling of
borders along with the delimination of the soil under the building, the changes in the type of
usage and the registration in the land register are presented and described in detail.


We investigated the impact of lens centration, wearer aberrations, pupil size and age on the optics of two bifocal contact lenses using image simulation.


The title compound, [Sr(C5H7O4)2(H2O)2]n, crystallizes with an infinite polymeric network. The layered structure is built up from cross-linked infinite chains of one edge-sharing SrO7(H2O)2 polyhedra. One of the two crystallographically distinct ligands acts by its deprotonated group in bis-bridging-chelating mode and the second involves its two ends in bidentate and monodentate modes, respectively. The inorganic layers are pillared by methylene spacers and form empty channels. Interlayer hydrogen bonds involve mainly the protonated ends of the ligands as donors.


High levels of illness-related psychologic distress, marked social stigmatization and loss of social support, and negatiue internalized feelings towards homosexuality have pre- viously been reported in homosexual men with the diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We assessed 50 homosexual or bisexual men who were within 3 months of their AIDS diagnosis with respect to medical status, illness concerns, attitudes towards homosexuality, and social support. Subjects reported levels of illness-related concerns comparable to pre- viously studied cancer patients. Their attitudes towards homo- sexuality were similar to previously studied healthy homosexual males. Their social support needs were variable, as was their satisfaction with specific types of social support. Their social networks were moderately small. In this AIDS subject group, illness concerns, attitudes toward homosexuality, and social support satisfaction were significantly correlated with each


This paper describes the development of UAV aerial system status and application characteristics,then explore the UAV in the application of remote sensing images and photogrammetry,and UAV aerial system in our country's development prospectsand and Practical application in Shanxi。Discourse which,combined with a fixed-wing pilot production of light unmanned aircraft aerial system in the actual work,to provide the basis for future promotion of the UAV aerial survey system applications.


Lois Alba, Vocal Rescue. Rediscover the Beauty, Power and Freedom in your Singing. Norwich, NY: William Andrew Publishing, 2005. Hardback, ix, 209 pp., $59.95, includes compact disk and DVD. ISBN 0-8155-1506-5 www.williamandrew.com At first glance, the title of Lois Alba s book Vocal Rescue may lead the reader to believe that the volume deals with vocal rehabilitation. The subtitle, however, places the text firmly in the realm of pedagogic references. The additional description, "Bel Canto Secrets, Rare Vocalises, and Career Guidance" succinctly summarizes the book's contents. Alba sang professionally abroad and in the United States, and studied voice with Lotte Lehmann, Rosa Ponselle, and Elena Nikolaidi. In Vocal Rescue, she sets out to demystify the secrets to beautiful singing. The principle component of bel canto, Alba maintains, is that the ear must train the voice. The aural acuity of the teacher, and his or her ability to train the ear of the singer to identify beautiful and free tones are of paramount importance. The decline of the "real school of singing," she writes, began when teachers relied upon the anatomic information gleaned with Garcia's invention of the laryngoscope. The cornerstone of Alba's teaching is an emphasis upon vowels. The vowel and the tone must be conceived as one entity; if they are not, the onset and the sound suffer. Vowel clarity is necessary for optimal resonance, and blending the registers is achieved through vowel modification. Alba emphasizes that the vowels are shaped in the throat, and the variations in the position of the mouth are secondary. Imagery plays an important role in Alba's pedagogy. For instance, in her explanation of appoggio, she describes breath support as "sighing out the air." The tone must be as easily supported as if the voice is on a tray, an analogy she borrows from Ponselle. Moreover, her use of imagery is not merely a pedagogic device, but a continual aid to performance. Ten myths about singing summarize a wide range of Alba's beliefs, ranging from the danger of holding the larynx in a low position, or consciously lifting the soft palate, to the necessity of studying complete roles before being contracted to sing them. In regard to the philosophy of singing, she endorses the application of Leonardo da Vinci's seven principles, which can be loosely paraphrased as curiosity, demonstration, senses and their effect, willingness to take risks, whole brain thinking, total body well-being, and connection (both internally, and with the audience). The vocal exercises begin with Alba's own vocalises; a compact disk packaged with the book provides additional instructions regarding their purpose and application. Exercises by seven other teachers and performers are presented, including those used by Lehmann and Adelina Patti. …


...........................................................................................................................v List of Figures ..................................................................................................................ix List of Tables ...................................................................................................................x Chapter 1: An Introduction to Computational Drug Design ............................................1 1.1 Motivations for a Computational Approach ........................................................1 1.2 Basic Methodologies ............................................................................................2 1.2.1 Homology model construction .................................................................2 1.2.2 Molecular docking ...................................................................................3 1.2.3 Molecular dynamics simulations .............................................................3 1.2.4 MMGBSA binding energy calculations...................................................4 1.3 Thesis Outline ......................................................................................................5 Chapter 2: A Mechanical Study of Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance Caused by 10 Topoisomerase I Mutations, Including 7 Camptothecin Analogs and Lucanthone .....................................................................................................8 2.


A technical scheme of a bookrack for studying is achieved in a way that a seat board and a supporting board are movably connected via a hinge; a lateral edge of the supporting board is provided with a pen support; a middle part of the supporting board is provided with a vertical groove; two lateral edges of the supporting board are individually provided with a sliding column; each sliding column is provided with a book clamp sliding along the column; a movable support is arranged on a back of one lateral side of the supporting board; 3 to 6 pits matching with the support is arranged on a lateral edge of the seat board at the same lateral side to the support; and an opening and closing angle between the seat board and the supporting board is adjusted via rotationally inserting of the support into different pits. The bookrack for studying is simple in structure and convenient in usage; position angle of books can be adjusted at any time, thereby maintaining sight to be perpendicular to book surface and alleviating visual fatigue during book reading; the bookrack for studying can further mark a position at which readers stop at any moment for continuous reading next time; and therefore the bookrack for studying is especially suitable for students.


The present invention relates to a mold and a method for the preparation of ultrafine grained bulk material, which is characterized by the front die and a rear die mold composed of front mold after the mold cavity into a complete and relatively extrusion channels, the extrusion pressure passage in the inner angle [Phi] is, two upper and lower outer corner of Ψ equal channel angular extrusion arranged in parallel channels between a rotating channel, the passage section rotational circular cross-section is progressively changed - elliptical cross - cross-section , each rotary passage sectional area remains constant, equal channel angular extrusion channel parallel to the end face of the rod located outside the vertical feed inlet die, the die is fastened to the mold base, the mold base and the external press table a fixed connection, the punch is positioned directly above the die cavity, the load exerted by the outer press-fitting the press die cavity. The present invention enables to obtain a uniform and large plastic strain in the single pass extrusion process of charging, thereby producing a block of metal ultrafine grain structure of the material.


The wide‐band noise siren principle [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 116 (1959)] has been further evaluated in two different, experimental siren designs with various loading arrangements. Acoustic power output, efficiency, power spectrum, and amplitude distribution of the noise generated by the various models will be discussed as a function of the flow conditions. Although the over‐all efficiency of the small models discussed here (power output approximately 5 kw) is still slightly below 10%, experimental separation of the losses involved suggests that for a siren without air leakage and otherwise similar parameters efficiencies of approximately 30% should be attainable. It appears that the efficiency of the wide‐band noise siren could be close to the efficiency of a pure‐tone siren and in the same range as the efficiency of a siren producing sinusoidal waveform with amplitude modulation. Wideband noise sirens with 20‐kw output have been built at other places and a 50‐kw siren is presently under development. The ...


We designed mirrored plasmonic filters using an advanced active machine learning algorithm that efficiently explores multiple physical models with different approximation fidelities and costs. This method is applicable to a variety of nanophotonics optimization problems.


VIRTUE WAS CENTRAL to Renaissance discourse of ethical action; the Latin term translates classical Greek arete, the fullest realization of human potential. In its aspiration to virtue, the pre-Cartesian world viewed human passions and actions as seamless interactivity between the body and the soul through the operation of humors and spirits. Like their ancient forebears, early moderns viewed moral philosophy as closely linked to psychology of the classical tradition. To them, psychology, as its etymology indicates, referred to the philosophical study of the soul, located midway between natural philosophy, or "physics" in the broad sense of phenomena in the natural world, and divine philosophy, or metaphysics. What the Renaissance thinkers called "organic soul," despite its spiritual aspect, functioned by sense-perception in the material world. (1) Renaissance psychology was grounded on Aristotle's De Anima (On the Soul), which defined the soul as "the life principle of the individual body--that which differentiated living from non-living things"--in other words, that which is animate with emotion and locomotion. When we moderns use the phrase, "lose one's temper," we usually mean temper in the sense of "mental balance or composure" (OED 3). For an early modern, the word meant a person's well-balanced humoral constitution as linked to his moral character in a complexio of physiological, emotional, intellectual, and moral parts and faculties. (2) Consequently the expression " 'to lose one's temper' in 1600 meant something more serious and potentially less localized than simply a temporary loss of poise; it meant a loss of 'proportionate constitution,' a kind of insanity and/or an attack on bodily health not easily remedied." (3) Maintaining a "perfectly and exactly temperate" body, moreover, was precisely "the pattern of virtue." (4) Stemming from Platonic mistrust of appetites as well as the Stoic ideal of apatheia, virtue was conceived by early moderns as a rational governing of unruly passions. Opposing this anti-passional view was the Augustinian idea that postlapsarian reason was deficient for the attainment of the virtuous life. The German reformer Philipp Melanchthon affirms, "the heart and its affections must be the highest and most powerful part of man." (5) In Aristotle, we see an integrative approach regarding the soul as a life force seated at the heart, intrinsically linked to the nutritive, perceptive, cognitive activities through the operations of humors and spirits. Virtue is practiced by executing just action at the best time, in the best way, and for the best end within the contingent world. The knowledge by which to enact virtue is referred to as practical wisdom, or prudence, "the rule and measure of all the moral virtues concerning our actions and affects." (6) In Aristotle's famous illustration of moderation as the action of a skilled archer aiming at his target, the mean and the extreme converge literally in the bull's eye. (7) As Aristotle suggests, aiming for the target in real life is much more complex than in archery in that the just mean is a moving target varying by person, by circumstance, by emotion. Despite the difficulty of this ongoing project of human perfectibility, moderation is a demanding but forgiving taskmaster (at least in comedy), requiring in the case of failure that we aim better the next time. As Shakespeare so richly shows, this perfective prudence, in harmonizing passion and reason, fuses effective strategy with virtue. The virtuous mean comprehends rather than eschews the sometimes extreme measures required of prudence; moderation might entail the release, suppression, or sublimation of passion as the situation demands. Aristotelian prudential psychology examines moral action as the confluence of prudence and rational will, or virtuous desire. Grounded on the just mean, prudence, through deliberation, has "the capacity to 'excite and temper' our passions," yielding the rational will to act towards a virtuous end. …


Our country's national security strategy is the preparation and the instruction maintenance national security interests plan, Displays for the health sovereignty, asks peace, to guarantee stably, seeks the cooperation, presses the development, is one kind of introversion, the defense, peace strategy, It including national politics security strategy, state economy security strategy, national culture security strategy, national science and technology security strategy, national military security strategy as well as national ecology security strategy.


A novel method of pattern recognition and fault diagnosis in roll bearing based on the wavelet-neural network is proposed according to the frequency spectrum characteristics of vibration signal. Based on the advantage of multi-dimensional multi-scaling decomposition of wavelet packets, the abrupt change information can be obtained and the features related to the fault of roll bearing is extracted through the decomposing and reconstruction of the vibration sign of the roll bearing. The extract features are inputted into SOFM to realize the automatic classification of the fault. The trained SOFM can be used to the online state monitor and real-time fault diagnosis of roll bearing. The feasibility of this novel method is proved by the simulation results.


This paper reviews the experience of employing passive acoustic monitoring solutions from an uncrewed surface vehicle (USV) and a "floating quadcopter." These two platforms were independently developed and tasked by end users with deploying passive acoustic monitoring systems including omni-directional hydrophones and linear arrays. The development of a common winch system compatible with both these robotic vehicles is described. This paper covers; 1) Development and testing of a winch system that can deploy and retrieve the acoustic payloads on both vehicle types, 2) Adaptation of the winch and at sea test operations, and 3) Associated electronic systems design and adaptations to support the payload including power management and operation software.


This report describes a minimally invasive surgical approach using the vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access and a suture called the subperiosteal sling (SPS) to stabilize the connective tissue graft (CTG) for periodontal plastic surgery. The SPS suture engages only the CTG and stabilizes the CTG against the tooth independent of the overlying tissue, which minimizes the risk of graft mobility caused by muscle movement.


Parental involvement in reading is widely accepted by many
educationalists as an important aspect of children's progression
in Literacy. With current statistics showing that every year less
and less children are reading for pleasure, it is important that all
role-models in children's lives are encouraging children to read.
This small scale study investigated the effects of parental
involvement in reading in an early years setting, exploring the
effect the school can have on parents willingness to conducting
reading with their children and how important parents are in
instilling a love of reading in children.
The research was conducted in a small school in a seaside
town in the south of England. The methods of investigation
were interviewing six children, interviewing ten teachers and
sending out questionnaires to parents, the data collected was
triangulated to get a realistic view of the opinions of the whole
year-group population.
The research uncovered that although both parents and
teachers agreed that a relationship was school was important,
the reasons behind having the relationship varied. Children
also expressed that they liked reading both in school and at
home, stating books similar to the ones the class teacher read
to them in class as their favourites.


A standard model was developed for the prediction of repair and maintenance costs of Steyr Ursus tractors used for solid household waste (SHW) collection and disposal in Kano State of Nigeria. The model was derived based on data collected over a period of eight years from Refuse Management and Sanitation Board (REMASAB), Kano- Nigeria. The model predicts repair and maintenance costs as a function of tractor cumulative use in hours. Among the five models (linear, logarithmic, quadratic, power and exponential) produced through regression analysis, the quadratic model (R2 = 0.81) having the highest coefficient of correlation is adjudged as the best fit for managing the tractors under the operation being used for.


When designing spacecraft with electric propulsion (EP) devices, it is important to assess spacecraft integration to ensure that the important components are not subject to significant sputtering by high-energy ions. In addition to the EP device and its plume, surface charging of spacecraft has to be modeled properly, as surface potential can directly affect the sputtering rate. Three surface charging models are incorporated into the spacecraft module of the numerical simulation framework–Thermophysics Universal Research Framework (TURF), and these include: 1) dielectric; 2) conductive; and 3) charge propagation models. The charge propagation model has been upgraded to solve the surface charge distribution implicitly, allowing a wide range of electrical conductivity values without causing the simulation to become unstable. Each of the charging models is verified against a simple problem where an analytical solution can be determined. Then, the coupling of the surface charging model and a hybrid particle/fluid model is tested in a more complex problem, where the floating potential on a sphere immersed in plasma is to be obtained. Finally, the surface charging model in an EP plume simulation is demonstrated. These problems are multiscale in that the charging model has to resolve an electron timescale (i.e., plasma oscillation) while the particle time step has to be orders of magnitude larger than the electron timescale in order to maintain a long enough sampling window for the ion current to effectively reduce the statistical noise. Therefore, two separate time steps are introduced for a stable convergence of the coupled models.


Approximately half of the patients who have neurofibroma also develop vascular deformities and vascular malformations inside the neurofibroma masses [1]. Therefore, there is a high-risk of hemorrhage during surgery. Many methods have been reported for reducing hemorrhage such as hypotensive anesthesia [2], preoperative arterial embolization [3], and vasa vasorum ligation [1]; however, the effectiveness of these methods is questionable. If the neurofibroma mass is localized, the continuous loop-shaped suture ligation procedure [4] will help reduce the bleeding. We report our experience with reducing hemorrhage by comparing several surgical methods for hemostasis in extensive giant neurofibromas.

A 69-year-old female patient presented with extensive giant neurofibromas throughout her body and massive neurofibromas on her buttocks and thighs, along with aggravating lower back pain, difficulty in walking, and mood disorder. The dimensions of the mass were 50×50×16 cm and it covered most of the patient's lower extremities (Fig. 1). The patient's weight was 67 kg. A preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was performed and there was no sign of malignancy, hematoma, or necrosis. There was neither skin ulcer nor skin necrosis.

Fig. 1

Giant neurofibroma on the abdomen, both buttocks, and thighs in a 69-year-old woman. Note the 50×50×16 cm sized mass. Anterior and posterior view.

During the first operation, we used Bovie electrocautery (ValleyLab, Boulder, CO, USA), bipolar cautery, and hemoclips. However, we stopped the surgery because of massive intraoperative bleeding. The patient received 15 units of packed red blood cells and 5 units of fresh frozen plasma during the transfusion. Subsequently, the authors planned a second-stage operation. During the first operation we resected 10 kg of weighed mass during a 9 hours and 40 minutes operation. During the second operation we controlled hemorrhage using hemostatic forceps and manual ligature. The total mass resected during the second operation was 13 kg. The patient received 5 units of packed red blood cells intraoperatively and 3 units postoperatively. The second operation time was 9 hours and 15 minutes. Compressive dressings were maintained after the surgery.

The patient's vital signs were hemodynamically stable and there were no complications, such as lymphedema or bleeding; however, wound healing was delayed. A negative pressure wound therapy was helpful for promoting wound healing. Four months after the two operations, the wound was well healed, and the shape of the buttocks and thighs were anatomically appropriate (Fig. 2). The patient's lower back pain also improved and she regained a normal gait.

Fig. 2

Postoperative result 4 months after the second operation. Right lateral and posterior view.

The authors resected almost the same quantity of tumor mass during each operation from the patient; however, the amount of bleeding during the second operation was much less than that during the first operation. Therefore, we believe that a tedious process of hemostasis using hemostatic forceps and manual ligature was more effective than electrocautery for reducing hemorrhage during surgery.


Created are different methods and systems for a combustion system of an engine. In one example, belong to a combustion system, a piston crown bowl with a central apex, a combustion chamber having a compression ratio in a range of about 13: 1 to about 17: 1 can be operated, wherein the combustion chamber is at least partially formed by the piston bottom bowl, and a fuel injector having a nozzle which extends into a central portion of the combustor and adapted to inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber, wherein the nozzle defines a plurality of openings, whose number is in a range of six to ten.


now a days design a low power VLSI circuits are one of the most important constraint. Full adder is one of the important basic blocks of many circuits for multiplication, division, and exponentiation operation. Therefore reduction in power consumption in full adders plays a stringent role in low power VLSI circuits. This paper proposed a domino logic approach to obtain a optimize solution for two constraint power and delay in full adder circuit. Simulations are carried out by Tanner EDA tool using PTM 90nm technology node with 1.1V supply voltage. The results show that proposed 27T domino full adder show 60% faster as compared to 28T static CMOS adder circuit and also it show least power delay product as compared to 28T static CMOS full adder. Keywords— Very large scale integration (VLSI), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), Power Delay Product (PDP).


Many organisms display patchiness in their distribution patterns over a wide range of spatial scales. Patchy distribution patterns can be caused by processes such as growth, migration, reproduction, and mortality, which result in neighboring areas being more likely to contain a species than distant areas, a phenomenon known as positive spatial autocorrelation. When species are patchily distributed, the within-species spatial random- ness assumptions of the standard statistical tests for detecting species associations are seriously violated. Using these tests under such circumstances can lead to incorrect rejection of the null hypothesis. To address this problem we introduce a new test for detecting species associations—the random patterns test. This test takes into account spatial autocorrelation by including the characteristics of the spatial pattern of each species into the null model. A randomization procedure was used to generate the null distribution of the test statistic. The random patterns test is illustrated with data collected from an herbaceous understory community of a Eucalyptus forest near Canberra, Australia.


AIM To simultaneously determine loganic acid and gentiopicroside in Gentianae apiatae Herba samples by HPLC.METHODS Dual-wavelength HPLC analysis was performed on a C18 column(Hypersil,250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm partile size)with isocratic elution 0.1% phosphoric acid-methanol(80∶20) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min,The detection wavelenth was set at 233 nm for loganic acid and at 272 nm for gentiopicroside.RESULTS The experiment showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.498-3.32 μg(r=0.999 1) for loganic acid,the average recovery was 98.33%,and RSD was 1.14%(n=6).Gentiopicroside was linear in the range of 0.657-4.38 μg(r=0.999 9),the average recovery was 97.74%,and RSD was 1.25%(n=6).CONCLUSION The method is rapid,simple,accurate,reliable and suitable for simultaneously analyzing loganic acid and gentiopicroside,and can be used for the quality control of Gentianae apiatae Herba.


5-Nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO), is an insensitive energetic material. It is one of the most studied nitrotriazole type explosives. In the present study, a set of NTO molecules subjected to 15N exchange one at a time have been investigated in terms of energies within the realm of density functional theory at the level of B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). The effect of isotopic exchanged type perturbation on the infra red frequencies and intensities have been searched. Also, the lactam/lactim tautomerism involving NTO and its 15N exchanged derivatives are studied and discussed.


The Commission's modelling indicates that there would be economy-wide benefits from further reductions in assistance to the automotive sector, particularly for tariffs. It also suggests that the benefits would be larger under the current assistance reduction program than options entailing lesser reductions. The model projected potential net benefits to the community of some $0.5 billion a year under this program, with gains to consumers and other industries outweighing negative impacts on the automotive industry. Modelling also confirms that a significant further appreciation of Australia's currency, associated with the mining boom, would have a much greater impact on the automotive industry than scheduled tariff reductions. In the Commission's assessment, these conclusions are not materially affected by consideration of factors, such as adjustment costs and scale economies, not captured directly by the model.


Maximum cyclostationarity blind deconvolution (CYCBD) is an effective method for extracting bearing weak fault impulse. However, the CYCBD-based bearing fault diagnosis method has the following problems: setting the cyclic frequency and filter length requires artificial experience guidance and improper settings lead to incorrect diagnostic results. To this end, a novel method of parameter adaptive maximum cyclostationarity blind deconvolution (ACYCBD) is proposed for bearing fault diagnosis. This method analyzes the cyclostationarity of the signal by the fast spectral correlation (Fast-SC) algorithm and obtains the enhanced envelope spectrum (EES) of the signal. The cyclic frequency is accurately estimated using envelope harmonic product spectrum (EHPS) based on the harmonic-related spectral structure (HRSS) in EES. Finally, the filter length is determined by the envelope entropy efficiency assessment (EEEA) index. The proposed ACYCBD-based bearing fault diagnosis method is validated by simulated signal and experimental data to effectively extract weak fault impulses from bearing vibration observation signal without prior knowledge.


In establishing a double blind protocol to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of topically applied dimethyl sulfoxide, one is beset with several problems, some of them unique. Most problems are controlled when one conducts trials with parenteral or orally administered medications. The unusual physiologic and physicochemical properties of D MSO encountered when it is therapeutically tested in topical application, challenges institution of an appropriate double blind protocol. Proper scientific evaluation by the double blind method must consider the patient, the physical characteristics of DMSO, and its unique physiological properties when it is topically applied. I t was established prior to the double blind study, that a 10 per cent aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide was therapeutically ineffectual when topically applied to skin for the treatment of those acute musculoskeletal disorders treated in both the controlled and double blind cases considered in this presentation. These conditions, however, could be effectively treated with 60 to 90 per cent aqueous solutions of DMSO. The ten per cent solution was frequently responsible for breath odor and skin irritation, despite its therapeutic ineffectiveness. Among the patient problems considered in establishing a double blind protocol, was the placebo effect of a medication such as DMSO, whether given in therapeutic potency or impotency, causing such dramatic side effects as breath odor and skin irritability. In addition, it was difficult to choose patients who had not heard of this medication, which had been classified as a "wonder" or "miracle" drug by the press. It was recognized that psychosomatic disease could mimic organic pathology. These patients selected in the double blind study, were patients whom the writer had treated as their family physician for many years, and whose physical and emotional problems were well understood and had been recorded in previous clinical records. Patients were purposely not selected if they had had a previous psychosomatic history such that there could be suspicion that the acute condition was partially or wholly influenced by psychosomatic factors, or that it might be prolonged by psychosomation. I t was imperative that a proper diagnosis of the clinical disorder be made prior to treatment. What was classified as an acute deltoid bursitis on an inflammatory basis had to be differentiated from traumatic bursitis, tendonitis, an old rotator cuff tear, or inflammatory disease superimposed upon osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. The acute lumbosacral sprain or strain had to


Talc is a common gangue in nonferrous sulphide ores.This paper begins from the research of crystal structure of talc,finds out the reason of its good natural floatability and the influence of which on the flotation of some nonferrous sulphide ores.Presently selective flotation with effective collector has been usually used for flotation of talc to reduce the bad influence on recovery of following metal minerals.The application practice of selective flotation of talc was carried out in the mineral processing of one Cu-Zn sulphide ore in which the content of talc was 13%.The talc was almost removed completely,and in talc concentrate the grades of Cu,Zn were respectively 0.17%,0.81%,the losses of Cu,Zn were 2.11%,2.63%.


A simple method is presented for reducing the execution time of the McClellan-Parks-Rabiner (1973) FIR (finite impulse response) digital filter design program on computers with a floating-point processor. It is found that 80% to 90% of the execution time of this program involves only four lines of the program code. By efficiently implementing these four lines of code in assembly language it is possible to significantly reduce the execution time. Examples of this method are given for personal computers based on both 8086-family and 68000-family microprocessors with a corresponding math coprocessor. It is found that for these computers the method reduces execution time by a factor of 1.6 to 1.9. >


As one of the most developed industries in the world, Tourism experienced, and is still experiencing safety issues on daily basis, which left a significant effect on the world economy. This in particular resulted safety becoming one of the main parts of an integral tourist product, considering that it influences significantly the tourist´s decision-making process of a potential tourist when choosing a holiday destination, as well as his intention to revisit. Bearing in mind previously mentioned, the importance and role of safety as a part of competitive tourist product is being researched within this paper, respectively tourist´s perception of safety of a tourist destination in a decision-making process when choosing Croatia as a holiday destination. The goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical insight into the newest findings in the field of safety in tourism, to present the empirical results of a research conducted in Croatia, and based on these results to propose further improvement activities in order to improve the level of safety for tourists, and achieve further competitive positioning of Croatia as a safe tourist destination on the world tourist market


Some applications of Malliavin calculus to stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) and to normal approximation theory are studied in this dissertation. In Chapter 3, a Feynman-Kac formula is established for a stochastic heat equation driven by Gaussian noise which is, with respect to time, a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H < 2 . To establish such a formula, we introduce and study a nonlinear stochastic integral of the Gaussian noise. The existence of the Feynman-Kac integral then follows from the exponential integrability of this nonlinear stochastic integral. Then, techniques from Malliavin calculus is used to show that the Feynman-Kac integral is the weak solution to the stochastic heat equation. In Chapter 4, the density formula in Malliavin calculus is used to study the joint Hölder continuity of the solution to a nonlinear SPDE arising from the study of one dimensional super-processes. Dawson, Vaillancourt and Wang [Ann. Inst. Henri. Poincaré Probab. Stat., 36 (2000) 167-180] proved that the solution of this SPDE gives the density of the branching particles in a random environment. The time-space joint continuity of the density process was left as an open problem. Li, Wang, Xiong and Zhou [Probab. Theory Related Fields 153 (2012), no. 3-4, 441–469] proved that this solution is joint Hölder continuous with exponent up to 1 10 in time and up to 1 2 in space. Using our new method of Malliavin calculus, we improve their result and obtain the optimal exponent 4 in time.


Even if the new service provider has different mixtures of resources, in order to migrate an application, ensures level tracks the resources used, similar computing resources provided by the new cloud-based service provider presenting the technology to be. And computing resources in use by the application to be migrated, it is possible to identify the level of computing power to be used. Each computing resources may be assigned a score in accordance with the relevant service level. New services and existing service providers to the overall score by the application process and impact on networking situation is produced as a combination of a weighted individual scores, the application to be migrated to ensure that receive performance level similar it can be used to compare the service level with the provider. In addition, the individual scores and overall scores, the new service provider, can be used to allocate the resources to provide the level of performance similar to correctly.