Advertisement is an announcement or notice in media to promote a product, service or event to the public. It contains message which aims to attract the attention of consumers. Advertisment in this research is analyzed by means of transitivity system to find its ideational meaning. To meet this objective, the research has two main focuses, the first is to find out the dominant process types and participant functions, the second is to find out the dominant Circumstantial Elements in the electronic devices advertisements. The research method that is used in the research is qualitative method which use documentary analysis such as transcript of the advertisement. The result of this research shows that of the five advertisements, there are 78 clauses that are broken down into process types and participants, and then of 78 clauses also divided into circumstantial elements. The researcher found dominant process types, participants and circumstances in this research. The dominant process type is Material Process which is followed by Actor as the participant of the process. This process is dominant since the advertisements show people their product can do best than the other. And the dominant circumstance is Manner. This circumstance is dominant construes the way in which the product are actualized and it is for substantiating the message that contained in the advertisements.


Long-term sediment yield of Austdalsbreen glacier, an eastern outlet glacier of Jostedalsbreen ice cap in southwest Norway, was investigated by studies of sedimentation rates in the proglacial lakes Austdalsvatn and Styggevatn, along with subglacial topography radar survey and seismic surveys of the lake bed sediment. Sediment cores were taken from both lakes. Annual sedimentation throughout the cores was identified from high resolution photographs and X-ray scan analyses and was confirmed by three accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C datings. The seismic survey profiles revealed the distribution of these sediments. The impact of the subglacial topography on the sediment delivery from upstream, along with grain-size distribution and organic content analyses, were also taken into account in the interpretation of sediment cores. Possible impact of climate change on sediment delivery from the glacier was discussed by comparison of the average lake sedimentation rates during different periods of postglacial time. Around calibrated years 9000–8870 BP, Austdalsbreen glacier was subject to rapid retreat and calving. It was found that the glacier retreated rapidly from its maximum extension, which had totally covered the two lakes, in the 130 yrs in the early Holocene. About 1.4 million tons suspended load was delivered from the glacier during this short period, giving an average sediment yield of 400 t/yr km. Such a high sediment yield was found to be due to rapid calving, fast ice motion, abundance of meltwater, and larger areal extension and volume of the glacier at that time. The glacier probably disappeared from the catchment around 6000 BP. The glacier advanced after the 1100s, reaching its Little Ice Age maximum before retreating to its present position. About 3.5 million tons suspended load was delivered from the glacier during the 800 yrs from 1186 to 1986 AD, corresponding to an average sediment yield of 290 t/yr km, 30% lower than that of the early Holocene retreat. This difference is probably mostly due to the smaller volume of the modern glacier.


In a device having a touch screen, the current page is presented if it is in an edit mode after checking if the current mode is in an edit mode or not, and a page indicator in a thumbnail mode regarding the entire page is indicated in an area separated from the current page. Page management can be easily done because arrangement or the like according to the movement of objects on the presented current page is applied to a thumbnail image corresponding to a page indicator.


Listening comprehension is an important part in most of the English examinations because of the commonly using of listening in communication. It is a common phenomena that most of the students have problems in this part because of the limit?ed capacity of short-term memory. In this essay, we will talk about the relationship between the short-term memory and listen?ing comprehension, and try to find the way to train the short-term memory to improve this part.


Updated results using an improved 40km Sagnac detection system are presented. Real-time simultaneous positioning of multiple disturbances has now been realized. The new system has a higher output ASE source, improved WDM's and enhanced signal processing.


We investigated the potential for gene flow and genetic assimilation via hybridization between common and rare species of the terrestrial orchid genus Liparis, focusing specifically on sympatric and allopatric populations of the common Liparis kumokiri and the rare Liparis makinoana. We utilized analyses of genetic diversity, morphology, and the spatial distributions of individuals and genotypes to quantify the dynamics of interspecific gene flow at within‐ and among‐population scales. High levels of allozyme genetic diversity (HE) were found in populations of the rare L. makinoana (0.317), whereas the common L. kumokiri (N = 1744 from 14 populations) revealed a complete lack of variation. This contrast may reflect different breeding systems and associated rates of genetic drift (L. makinoana is self‐incompatible, whereas L. kumokiri is self‐compatible). At the two known sympatric sites, individuals were found that recombined parental phenotypes, possessing floral characteristics of L. kumokiri and vegetative characteristics of L. makinoana. These putative hybrids were the only individuals found segregating alleles diagnostic of both parental species. Analysis of these individuals indicated that hybrid genotypes were skewed towards L. kumokiri and later generation recombinants of L. kumokiri at both sympatric sites. Furthermore, Ripley's bivariate L(r) statistics revealed that at one site these hybrids are strongly spatially clustered with L. kumokiri. Nonetheless, the relatively low frequency of hybrids, absence of ongoing hybridization (no F1s or first generation backcrossess), and strong genetic differentiation between morphologically 'pure' parental populations at sympatric sites (FST = 0.708–0.816) indicates that hybridization was not an important bridge for gene flow. The results from these two species suggest that natural hybridization has not played an important role in the diversification of Liparis, but instead support the view that genetic drift and limited gene flow are primarily responsible for speciation in Liparis. Based on genetic data and current status of the species, implications of the research for conservation are considered to provide guidelines for appropriate conservation and management strategies.


An explicit formulation is given for the limiting isothermal flow of a gas in a horizontal pipe. For isothermal flow, the ratio of critical pressure to initial pressure equals the initial Mach number times the square root of the ratio of specific heats. The critical-pressure ratio for isothermal flow is higher than that for adiabatic flow. Some comparisons are drawn between isothermal, adiabatic, and incompressible flow.


excellence, and that is created for the purpose of projecting in theaters to promote a film's theatrical release" (1). Although Kernan leaves the modern modes of film promotion out of her historical analysis (rightfully so, as theatrical trailers provide more than enough fodder for a book-length study), it is hoped that Coming Attractions may inspire further examination of the ways film promotion has evolved beyond traditional theatrical exhibition. Trailers on the Internet have become a particularly fascinating subject for study, as many trailers are "premiered" on-line and entire Web-based communities exist to scrutinize trailers on a shot-byshot level in some effort to decode the mystery of films yet to be released. Although the book does not necessarily suffer from its omission of modern media trailers, it does open several avenues to be explored. Coming Attractions: Reading American Movie Trailers takes a fresh look at an aspect of moving image visual culture that is almost as old as the cinema itself. Through close textual analysis of a small sampling of movie trailers, Kernan uncovers the ever-evolving ways the studio system uses the form to enhance audience desire for the films themselves, and the ideals represented by the films. The book raises important questions about what trailers can tell us about ourselves as filmgoers and what clues they can provide to fill gaps in film history. With the release of this book, archivists, scholars, and audiences may never again view trailers in quite the same way.


This study presents a systematic interpretation of the sequence stratigraphy of the Miocene turbidite systems for the Cocuite-Playuela fields in the Veracruz basin. The interpretation is based on 227.8 square miles (590 square km) of 3D seismic data, 27 wireline well logs and 19 wells with biostratigraphy. Ten stratigraphic intervals were identified and interpreted with ages ranging from 20.6 Ma to 3.8 Ma.


Dissolution characteristics of copper in hydrochloric acid medium and the effect of 4-amino 1,2,4-triazole (ATA) on the corrosion process have been studied using conventional electrochemical techniques and rotating ring-disc electrodes (RRDEs). Corrosion potential (𝐸corr) and corrosion current density (𝐼corr) were obtained by Tafel extrapolation methods. Charge transfer resistance (𝑅ct) and double-layer capacitance (𝐶dl) were obtained from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). ATA was shown to be an effective inhibitor for the copper-corrosion inhibition in acid medium. The corrosion rate was retarded in presence of inhibitors mainly because of the adsorption of the inhibitor on the electrode surface. Adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Standard free energy change of the adsorption process (Δ𝐺0ad) was calculated to be −54.3 kJ mol−1; such a large negative value of Δ𝐺0ad suggests the prescence of a chemisorption process.


With the proposal of China's "double carbon goal," as a high energy-consuming industry, it is urgent for the mining industry to adopt a low-carbon development strategy. Therefore, in order to better provide reasonable suggestions and references for the low-carbon development of mining industry, referring to the methods and parameters of the 2006 IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines and China's Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventory Preparation Guidelines (Trial), a carbon emission estimation model is established to estimate the carbon emission of energy consumption of China's mining industry from 2000 to 2020. Then, using the extended Kaya identity, the influencing factors of carbon emission in mining industry are decomposed into energy carbon emission intensity, energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, and output value. On this basis, an LMDI model is constructed to analyze the impact of five factors on carbon emission from mining industry. The research shows that the carbon emission and carbon emission intensity of energy consumption in China's mining industry first rise and then fall and then rise slightly. The carbon emission intensity in recent three years is about 2 tons/10000 yuan. The increase in output value is the main factor to increase carbon emission. The reduction in energy intensity is the initiative of carbon emission reduction. The current energy structure of mining industry is not conducive to carbon emission reduction.


The paper investigates temporal prepositions in the Standard Macedonian Language: на, во, околу, за, преку, низ, по, од, до, пред, кон, спроти, мегу, сред, врз, при, со. The choice of the preposition depends on relations between action and Landmark moment L in the time, characteristics of the action and emotions of the speaker. The use of certain prepositions with some units of time is conventional. The prepositions на and во locate action in a time unit. The preposition околу is part of the prepositional phrase with an approximate meaning. The preposition за relates the complement with a planned time meaning; time period meaning (between the moment of speech S and event E in the future); time period that one needs to complete an action; time period one locates an action within. The prepositions преку and низ locate the action in the every moment of the time unit. The preposition по locates the action after L. The preposition од shows that the action starts from L. The prepositions до and пред locate the action before L. If the action ends shortly before L, the preposition кон is used. The preposition спроти locates E on the eve of the holidays or the date. The preposition меѓу locates the actions between two L, and the preposition сред in the middle of the time period or the process. The preposition врз marks intensive sequence of actions. The preposition при marks the following action.


This paper describes organizational and research work on a coal gasification project which is based on North Dakota lignite. Many design changes have been incorporated into this plant, which is now being built after years of delay due to environmental, financial, and regulatory problems. Engineering and operational details are given for a project designed for conversion of 22,000 tons/day of liquid into fuel gas and several by products. Economic considerations are included.


Acute experimental pulmonary arterial occlusions were produced in 5 dogs. The chest was subsequently imaged with computed tomography (CT), 99mTc-MAA scintigraphy, and plain radiography. Gamma images revealed all 6 lesions, and plain radiographs were uniformly negative. Enhanced CT scans demonstrated 3 of 5 lesions, and unenhanced scans revealed 1 of 6. CT findings were variable.


Batik is one of the artworks of old Javanese society which has continued to exist and develop until the present day. In the 18th century, batik was a special type of clothing worn by the nobility, and there were even prohibitions for using batik clothing with certain types of motifs. Its basic substance is the ornamental images made on the fabric. A piece of cloth can change its position and value only because of a difference in decoration. As a visual aesthetic, batik is the work of Javanese artists, created by abstracting the surrounding natural environment, especially various flora, and fauna. Up to 1912, there were more than 100 names of flowers, leaves, and plants that were abstracted to become classical motifs. In the contemporary era, where batik has become more acceptable as clothing for the public, flora-based motifs are no longer the result of abstraction of particular flowers or plants but are considered more for their ornamental aesthetic. The aesthetic value of contemporary batik motifs is no longer determined by the type of flowers or plants abstracted, but by how they are represented for the beauty of clothing.


Photocurrent deep level transient spectroscopy (PCDLTS) is investigated as a technique for the detection of centers in the minority half of the band gap. The photocurrent and resulting peak shapes are analyzed and compared with experimental results obtained from gold‐doped silicon diodes illuminated with different wavelength sources. It is shown that by suitable selection of the photon wavelength, reliable detection of levels in the minority half of the band gap is possible in long lifetime material. However, for centers with a large ratio of majority carrier capture cross section to minority carrier capture cross section, their detection in short lifetime material is likely to be more difficult, unless the material is thinned down and used with an appropriately matched photon source.


Summary Fluoride (F) has a known mitogenic effect on bone cells. The daily administration of 40 µmol NaF per 100 g of body weight (bw) increases bone mass in rats. Nevertheless, the quality and composition of bone formed under F stimulus is still matter of study. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF, CAS 7681–49–4) administration on phosphate metabolism and its impact on bone. Experiments were carried out in female fasted 50-dayold rats. Unless otherwise stated, NaF dose was 40 µmol NaF/day · 100 g bw, administered by gastric tube. Four groups of 4 rats each were given the following daily NaF doses: Group A: 0, B: 20, C: 40 and D: 60 µmol NaF/day · 100 g bw. After 30 days rats were killed saving their femora and plasma. Bone phosphorous contents (BPC) and phosphatemia (mg/dl) were measured. BPC decreased significantly as a function of NaF dose. A: 93.3 ± 14.1; B: 78.7 ± 15.5; C: 61.1 ± 14.7∗∗; D: 59.6 ± 8.6∗∗ mg P/g dry bone (∗∗ significant difference to group A, p < 0.01). Phosphatemia (mg/dl) increased significantly with a peak at 90 min after NaF dose (basal: 5.34 ± 0.06; 90 min: 8.15 ± 0.43, p < 0.001). Phosphaturia (µg/min) increased though differences were not significant (basal: 46.7 ± 42.8; 4 h: 1275 ± 757, p > 0.05). In thyroparathyroidectomized rats, plasma phosphate increased continuously for at least 240 min. Renal plasmatic flow, glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were not affected by NaF treatment. In isolated perfused rat kidneys, urinary phosphate excretion remained unaffected after NaF administration. Phosphate concentration was measured in the plasma and erythrocytes of rats after one dose of NaF (n = 8). Phosphate content of erythrocyte was not affected by NaF, in spite of the concurrent increase in phosphatemia. It is concluded that the treatment with NaF causes a transitory increase in plasma phosphate levels. Neither renal hemodynamic factors nor the inhibitory effect on parathormone actions appear to be the causes of hyperphosphatemia. Efflux of phosphate from cells might not be the cause of the increase in phosphatemia. The loss of phosphorous from bone appears as the most probable determinant of hyperphosphatemia after fluoride administration.


In this paper, we deal with the problem of distributed data fusion in unsafe large-scale sensor networks. Data fusion application is the phase of processing the collected data by sensor nodes before sending it the end user. During this phase, resource failures are more likely to occur and can have an adverse effect on the application. To achieve/ensure the convergence of node states to the average of the initial measurements of the network even when sensor nodes are subject to failures, two algorithms are presented. We introduce first an efficient fault-tolerant scheme capable of supporting faults due to battery depletion. Next, we derive a more complex solution to resist to frequent and unexpected fail-silent/fail-stop node failures. We provide a comprehensive set of experimental results, that fully demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed schemes.


Kwomintang and Modernization in Taiwan" as due to KMT's great adaptability in function and ideology but not structure. It is its adaptability, not American money and tutelage that has made Taiwan an economic success. Andrew C. Janos' other presentation in Chapter 14 is on "Group Politics in Communist Society: A look at the Pluralistic Model." The author is delighted with the new western comparative approach to the study of Communist regimes but cautious about group concept in such a context as a device for research in the political process. It may be useful in revealing the inadequacies of earlier totalitarian models but it cannot explain why some political systems are moving away from regimentation. In Chapter 15, Melvin Croan poses the question: "Is Mexico the Future of East Europe: Institutional Adaptability and Political Change in Comparative Perspective." The author seems to answer no. In fact, there is no basis for a comparison, only a rather irrelevant contrast, since basically the article deals with Mexico's future one-party system. In Chapter 16, M. George Zaninovich discusses the "Yugoslav Party Evaluation: Moving Beyond Institutionalization." The author mainly poses the idea that the Communist Party of Yugoslavia is changing and adapting to a new environment, and that its longevity has brought about institutionalization in that nation. The editors conclude in Chapter 17 that democracy exists in political systems which have competitive elections, therefore authoritarian systems are undemocratic. Sometimes, a one party system can evolve into a democratic system. Then they go on to cite typologies on the basis of degree of democracy. Up to this point, this is standard Western scholarly fare. However they do admit that abrasive electoral competition can cause communal clearage in a weak system. They also admit that a shift from authoritarian to single party politics could impose costs on the system that outweigh its benefits, and that no modern system is perfectly democratic. That is reassuring to one who has been bombarded with designation of the "Great Western System" as the best for mankind which most Western writers, including Mr. Huntington, subscribe to. It is comforting to know that there is some room for diversity in the political realm. Certainly some African leaders like Nyerere are making substantial contributions to constitutionalism and government while on their way to their nation's development.


This work presents the use of Stewart Platforms with hydraulic actuators as a tool for developing motion control algorithms in off-shore applications, such as cargo transfers between ships and floating platforms whose main goal is to attenuate the undesired relative oscillations caused by waves and tides. In this context, this work is motivated by the ongoing development of two coupled hydraulically driven Stewart Platforms. The first one is intended to emulate the movement of a ship deck under the influence of sea waves, while the second one, positioned on top of the first, will be used as a compensation device for controlling the motion imposed by the first one. This paper focuses on describing the dynamic system design and a feedback control strategy based on inverse dynamics approach of the upper platform and applying this strategy in a more realistic model in a specific simulation environment. Computer simulations results that indicate that the proposed control strategy yields good performance in attenuating undesired relative oscillations.


Supa Pengpid Karl Peltzer 1ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand; 2Deputy Vice Chancellor Research and Innovation Office, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of underweight and overweight or obesity among women in India. Subjects and methods: In a population-based cross-sectional 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey, ever married non-pregnant women (18–49 years) were interviewed and assessed with anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical measures. Results: The total sample included 5,82,320 non-pregnant women 18–49 years, median age 31 years, interquartile range =16 years, from India. Overall, 20.1% of the women were underweight [bodymass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m] and 36.3%were overweight, or had class I or class II obesity (BMI ≥23.0 kg/m). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, younger age, lower education, lower wealth status, not eating daily fruits, vegetables, fried food, belonging to the scheduled tribe and tobacco use were associated with underweight, while older age, higher education, higher wealth, belonging to other backward class or other, urban residence, daily fruit consumption, daily fried food consumption, having hypertension, heart disease and high or very high blood glucose levels were associated with overweight or obesity. Belonging to the scheduled caste and tobacco use were negatively associated with overweight or obesity. Conclusions: A high dual burden of both underweight and overweight or obesity was observed among women in India. Sociodemographic and health variables were identified as risk factors for both underweight and overweight or obesity, which can be utilized in informing intervention strategies.


Preface Part One: The Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union Prior to World War Two 1. Jews in Czarist Russia 2. Jews in the USSR and in the Annexed Territories between the Two World Wars Part Two: The Impact of Political and Military Developments on the Jews of Eastern Europe September 1, 1939 - June 22, 1941 3. German - Soviet Relations and Geo-Political Changes in eastern Europe 4. The Jews in the Soviet Annexed Territories 5. Preparations in Germany for the Attack on the Soviet Union and the Annihilation of the Jews Part Three: German Attack on the Soviet Union 6. Invasion under the Slogan "War on Judeo-Bolshevism" 7. Evacuation of Soviet Population - Jews in Organized and Individual Evacuation 8. Anti-Jewish Pogroms During the Early Days of the Occupation 9. The German Administration in the Occupied Territories and its Anti-Jewish Policy Part Four: Mass Murder - First Stage: June 22, 1941 - Winter 1941/42 10. Einsatzgruppen Routes of Advance and Method of Extermination 11. Reichskommissariat Ostland - Ghettos and Extermination 12. Reichskommissariat Ukraine - Ghettos and Extermination 13. Military Administration Areas - Ghettos and Extermination 14. Extermination of the Jews of Crimea 15. The German Army from "Freedom of Action" for the Einsatzgruppen to Active Collaboration in the Murders 16. Persecution of the Jews in District Galicia 17. Romania and Transnistria - Expulsion and Mass Murder Part Five: Mass Murder - Second Stage: From Spring to Late 1942 18. The Annihilation in Ostland and in Grodno-Volkovysk Region (Generalbezirk Bialystok) 19. Annihilation in Reichskommissariat Ukraine 20. Mass Murder in District Galicia - Operation Reinhard 21. Annihilation in Area under Military Administration 22. Transnistria - Life in the Shadow of Death Part Six: Mass Murder - Third Stage: From Early 1943 until the End of German Occupation 23. Liquidation of the Last Ghettos in Reichskommissariat Ostland 24. Liquidation of the Last Ghettos in Reichskommissariat Ukraine 25. Survival in Transnistria


Acknowledgements Preface for the US and International Edition Introduction 1.Another American Century 2.Capital markets and Democracy 3.Globalization: The Long Road from Immobility 4.Direct Democracy and Financial markets: What Do They Have in Common 5.Monetary Standards and the International Financial System 6.Nationalism 7.Extracting Sunbeams Out of Cucumbers 8.The Future of Higher Education 9.A Financial Twenty-first Century Select Bibliography Index


Building 9206 at the Y-12 National Security Complex has recently completed an Operational Readiness Review (ORR). The scope of the review covered the transition from a post operation surveillance and maintenance (S&M) mode to a deactivation mode. This process has generated several lessons learned that may be valuable to other Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities.


An all fiber coherent detection system is developed for target velocity measurement.The narrow line width laser output power is 100 mW.It′s based on Doppler etfect.The operation distance is from 0.1 m to 3 km.The system′s sensitivity achieves 10-13 W,It has advantage of low power consumption,stable and reliable performance,good spatial adaptability.The system can be used for spacecraft landing which needs to measure velocity.


Objective To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and prevention of early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction. Method Clinical manifestations and treatments of 40 cases with early inflammatory intestinal obstruction after abdominal operation were retrospectively analyzed and the preventive measures were put forward. Results 40 cases with early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction were all cured through gastrointestinal decompression, application of growth inhibition hormone and parenteral nutrition support. The average treatment time was 14 days. Conclusion Most of early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstructions occur within 2 weeks after operation and with typical symptoms and signs, which usually caused by inflammatory edema and adherence in small intestine. Non-operative treatment is the choice.


It has been generally held that the toxicity of the gonococcus is due to the so-called endotoxins that are set free only after the death of the organism. De Christmas 1 reported that he was able to obtain a true exotoxin in cultures by growing the gonococcus in serum broth medium. The filtrate obtained by passing the culture through talc was toxic to guinea-pigs, mice and rabbits, and when diluted 1: 10 and held in the anterior human urethra, a definite temporary urethritis and discharge occurred. He stated also that this toxin was destroyed by heating at from 75 to 80 C. He believed it to be an exotoxin, because it could be detected in the broth cultures within twenty-four hours. Other workers report that they have obtained, from autolysed extracts of the gonococcus, a toxic substance that answers all the requirements of De Christmas' toxin; and they have attributed


Deep learning models are modern tools for spatio-temporal graph (STG) forecasting. Despite their effectiveness, they require large-scale datasets to achieve better performance and are vulnerable to noise perturbation. To alleviate these limitations, an intuitive idea is to use the popular data augmentation and contrastive learning techniques. However, existing graph contrastive learning methods cannot be directly applied to STG forecasting due to three reasons. First, we empirically discover that the forecasting task is unable to benefit from the pretrained representations derived from contrastive learning. Second, data augmentations that are used for defeating noise are less explored for STG data. Third, the semantic similarity of samples has been overlooked. In this paper, we propose a Spatio-Temporal Graph Contrastive Learning framework (STGCL) to tackle these issues. Specifically, we improve the performance by integrating the forecasting loss with an auxiliary contrastive loss rather than using a pretrained paradigm. We elaborate on four types of data augmentations, which disturb data in terms of graph structure, time domain, and frequency domain. We also extend the classic contrastive loss through a rule-based strategy that filters out the most semantically similar negatives. Our framework is evaluated across three real-world datasets and four stateof-the-art models. The consistent improvements demonstrate that STGCL can be used as an off-the-shelf plug-in for existing deep models.


This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.


(This is a summary of a talk given in the series, ""The City in History"", in the 1971 Vacation School held at the University of Rhodesia. The original talk was illustrated by maps, diagrams and slides.)


MMP-12 is a drug target for cancer therapy, but it's over-expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli To produce it in a large scale, in this paper, NMR, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, and ANS (8-anilinol-naphthalenesul fonic acid) fluorescence were employed to monitor its aggregation state to im-prove the refolding yield from inclusion bodies. The midpoint for the refolding ( C m ≈ 4, mid-point of transi-tion) of MMP-12 obtained from NMR experiments coincides with those from intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and ANS fluorescence. These data suggest that the urea concentration from 4 mol/L to 3 mol/L is a key step in refolding process of MMP-12. Based on these results, we changed the refolding method from conventional step-wise dialysis to continuous dialysis, thus the refolding yield of MMP-12 from its inclusion bodies was doubled.


Let k be an algebraic number field and K be its normal extension of finite degree. Then the genus field K* of K over k is defined as the maximal unramified extension of K which is obtained from K by composing an abelian extension over k 2). We call the degree (K*: K) the genus number of K over k.


a slight but insignificant increase of the ratio in both extrahepatic disease groups. No AFP concentration in ascitic fluid was found abnormal when the serum APP concentration was within the normal range. Because the concentrations of proteins in ascitic fluid depend highly on the total volume of this fluid, we also measured the concentrations of albumin in the serum and ascitic fluid from 21 patients, by total protein assay and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. A/S ratios for AFP correlated well with those for albumin (n = 21, r = 0.859, p <0.01). Indeed, the mean APP/albumin A/S ratio was 1.01 (SD 0.25). No significant change of this ratio was apparent in the hepatocarcinoma patients. Thus the ascitic fluid AFP concentration may reflect the value in serum, and increases noticed in ascitic fluid may be due to a nonselective protein diffusion, without specific synthesis of ascitic fluid AFP. However, measuring APP in aseitic fluid had no advantages over serum AFP assay for the diagnosis of hepatic malignancies, in contrast with some other tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (3).


This research discusses four edible plants named Durio zibethinus (Durian-seed), Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra-pod), Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon-leaves), Neolitsea cassia (Dawul Kurundu-leaves) and gums were extracted using Water Extraction method. Extracted gums were coated on potato chips by dipping method. Then, they were fried in coconut oil and palm oil separately and measured the absorbed oil content using rapid method of oil extraction. The results were then analyzed using Factorial One Way ANOVA Design. From the statistical analysis, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the oil absorption in different coatings as well as in frying medium. Then, the four best samples which had less oil absorption were taken for sensory evaluation. The results were analyzed using Fread Mann Test. According to the results obtained, Okra pod gum was the most effective gum source, which reduced the oil absorption during frying (34%). However, from the sensory aspects, it was not the best source for coating of food items. It got lower points from the sensory evaluation in both cases. Second most effective gum source, which reduced the oil absorption during frying was Durian Seed gum. In coconut oil, as well as in palm oil, it had shown the second most reduction in oil absorption. The results of sensory evaluation proved that the best quality chips are the durian seed gum coated chips. When the cinnamon leaf gum and dawulkurundu leaf gum are concerned, they both did not show any remarkable reduction in oil absorption during frying. It may be due to releasing of gum to the oil. On the other hand, both gums might be heat unstable. Therefore, the two gums had to be rejected as both are not satisfying the main objective of this research.


A new Ghost Cancellation Reference (GCR) signal has been proposed for TV broadcasting, the complex-valued GfJR (CVGCR). The CVGCR has many advantages compared to the BTA's GCR and the GCR of a Pseudo Random Sequence.


The degradation of SF1 from Sargassum hemiphyllum was depended on ultrasound.Reducing sugar release was the indicator to reflect the relativity among ultrasound power,temperature and time during the degradation.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the degradation conditions.The result showed that the behavior of the system was explained by a quadratic equation between reducing sugar release and factors(ultrasonic power,temperature and time).The result showed degradation conditions were ultrasonic power 350W,temperature 50℃,time 59min,and the reducing sugar release was 32.86μg/mL.Polysaccharide content,fucose content,sulfate group content and uronic acid of SF1' were 70.55%,37.62%,36.12% and 6.15%.


Objective To investigate Legionella contamination of water systems at Shanghai ports and entry-exit transport.Methods From 2009 to 2012,water samples from air-conditions and other water systems at Shanghai ports and the entry-exit transport were collected and cultured.The strains of Legionella were identified and serotypied.Results Legionella was found in 24 water samples of 435(5.52%).The positive rate of air-condition cooling water was 15.62%(15/96).Among the 24 positive samples,26 strains Legionella were isolated and serotype classified as: LP1,LP4,LP6,LP7,LP8 and other LP.Conclusion The positive rates of Legionella at frontier ports water systems are lower than that in other public places.The risk of Legionella contamination in air-condition cooling water is higher than that in any other water system.For Legionella control,the regularity health supervision of Legionella is important and standardized cleaning measures should be carried out.


The Pennsylvanian Joggins Formation crops out along the southern shore of Chignecto Bay, where the world's highest tides expose these strata in a series of 20-m-high sea cliffs and a 500-m-wide wave-cut platform. Although widely recognized as the world's best exposure of coal-bearing Carboniferous strata, the only formal measured section has remained the written description by Sir William Logan. Over the last 160 years Logan's log has been touted as a detailed "bed-by-bed" section made during the fi rst fi eld project of the Geological Survey of Canada. Reviewing Logan's original fi eld notes reveals that this idealized portrayal misrepresents what the log really came from – one man's hard work during a three day period in June 1843. Logan's notes also show that although he measured coal seam thickness to fractions of an inch, the thickness of interbedded clastic intervals was calculated by pacing their extent along the foreshore and correcting for tectonic dip. We built upon Logan's pioneering work by remeasuring the Joggins Formation in its entirety and constructing a detailed sedimentological log. An accompanying map uses log meterage to identify the stratigraphic position of prominent sandstone 'reefs' exposed on the wave-cut platform. In the course of this documentation, we present formal revisions to the defi nition of the Joggins Formation, and provide an overview of cyclicity, depositional setting, and recent fossil discoveries. Hopefully, the upcoming publication of this measured section will aid in locating the exact position of future fossil discoveries and encourage further scientifi c research on this magnifi cent and historic section.


Scheerens, J., Luyten, H. and Van Ravens, J. (Eds.) (2011). Perspectives on Educational Quality: Illustrative Outcomes on Primary and Secondary Schooling in the Netherlands. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: SpringerBriefs in Education. 148 pp., ISBN: 978- 94-007-0925-6.Each time we are confronted with the quality concept in education, with its practices, goals, methods, etc., it inevitably becomes obvious that their realisation starts with, or rather is dependent upon, the accepted definition of quality itself. The notion of quality is, therefore, not without internal tensions. It is strongly dependent upon the relevant context, on the interests, values and believes of the stakeholders involved. However, as the present monograph shows, the relevance of the inter-dynamics between different factors and connected priorities, the organisational infrastructure in the orientation of goals, the choice of methods, developmental activities and the implementation of different approaches to educational quality should be kept in mind at all times. The latter also differ in their connections to particular national systems, as well as on the level of their realisation and relationships between particular levels of education (see Kos Kecojevic & Gaber, 2011).In an effort to apply this, the present monograph could be read as an analysis of the contextual factors that led to the defining and building of the Systems Model of Education. This model can be simultaneously understood as a theoretical framework and guidelines in approaching the quality of education, as well as an example of practical, applied connection to the processes of quality assurance and evaluation. In terms of their theoretical as well as practical approach to quality, the constructed definition and focal points of the Systems Model were, however, in the most part originally presented in 2004 as part of UNESCO's Education for All Global Monitoring Report (see Schereens, 2004).The first part of the monograph considers the importance of different perspectives in defining "quality" in the context of education. "When discussing the quality of education in this book there will be a strong emphasis on what is objectively measurable and practically controllable and emphasizes the importance of objectively measurable and practically controllable. Even within that inevitably reduced frame of reference there are many different perspectives" (p. 4). Attempting to establish the need for further reductionism, the authors refer to Pirsig and put further emphasis on "who, which subject, or which actor poses the quality question", bearing in mind different stakeholders, including national policy makers, school governors, parents, etc. (p. 4). Qualitative aspects of quality are recognised but "hard to grasp" and "not easily captured or measured". Considering the facts, the authors turn to the part of educational quality that can and will be defined in more objective ways and can be captured by the means of scientific methods, and that aims at improving quality through methods of planned change (p. 5).As the quality of education is likely to be defined differently by different stakeholders, the Systems Model puts forward a cross section of collective interests in terms of educational results that are important for all of the parties involved (see Scheerens, 2004, p. 3). The contextual dimension is also included and gives the model flexible and broader applicability, taking into account the situational, organisational and local context. It also includes different interpretations of quality, different anchoring points, and offers a broad set of indicators. Analytically, the model strives for a "meta-framework", using an "input-process-output" logic with regard to the functioning of education and comparing different perspectives on educational quality (p. 3, 5). In the second part of the book, the model is rendered operational through the Dutch national context on the level of primary and secondary education. …


Recombinant DNA technique is the core of modern biotechnology It is a kind of high technique complex continually developing system,which is also one kind of high technique first developed in the world.It is medicine science that was initially apply to and now most active since gene engineering was invented in the 1970's. Recombinant DNA technique has not only provided drugs of gene engineering such as IFN,EPO,etc,which preventing and curing the heart-brain blood vessels disease,malignant tumor,major infectious disease and hereditary disease, but also widely used to transform some old medicine industry such as antibiotics and living thing products etc. Gene engineering pharmacy has formed a huge industry of high and new technology.


In this article, we offer four arguments against excessive state involvement in, and regulation of, higher education institutions in South Africa. We argue, firstly, that state 'regulation' is inextricably connected with the practice of exercising 'power-over' institutions, a trend which could undermine institutional autonomy and academic freedom. Secondly, we maintain that higher education institutions lack autonomy since they are controlled by the state through subsidies. Such funding provisions for higher education institutions in effect place a significant limit on professional judgement and the pursuit of standards of excellence in academic work. Thirdly, we point out why excessive state regulation could catastrophically harm free scientific inquiry. And finally, we contend that excessive or intrusive state regulation can result in a kind of laissez faire situation characterized by a passive or cynical compliance vis-a-vis performativity. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol. 19(6) 2005: 1177-1185


A large cholesterol granuloma was found in the petrous apex by CT and MRI examination in a 14-yearold male. Cholesterol granulama was located surrounding the internal carotid artery, extending laterally and inferiorly. CT indicated the petrous apex lesion was connected to cholesterol granuloma in the middle ear via narrow route. As she had only a slight conductive hearing loss in the right ear, we developed a new transcanal-infrapetrosal approach to the petrous apex lesion in order to preserve the function of the inner ear. The advantages of this new approach were that it will be able to access to the infrapetrosal lesion easily and safely without injuring the internal carotid artery and to make a large communication route for drainage. Additionally, this approach must be very useful for patients with high jugular bulb which make it difficult to access the petrous apex lesion with infralabyrinthine approach.


This paper (published essentially as given in Sci. Mon.,v. 29, 97–108, 1929) gave a brief, account of the program and route of the Carnegie during the first year of the seventh cruise which began May 1, 1929. The principal object of the magnetic work has been restricted principally to the determination of secular variation. The atmospheric-electric observations are even more extensive than on earlier cruises since this work had been inaugurated very much later than the magnetic.


OTTUMWA, June 28 (AP) A lII1all tent ~Ity In which to house bomeless flood vlcllms sprang UP bere tonight In a loenl park. City officials hunled 50 large I army tent8 and 160 cot8 from Camp IlOdge to Des Moines. Local Red CrosB, welfare anel SalnUon army workers labored reed and house the homeless, whlI olber emergency \vo"kers patroled ! levees and flooded areas. Upward rOlll'Se Too turbulont Des MOines river meanwhile contlr,ued its upward roufse, but rlvermen believed the cre!!! was neal'. Early tonight the rlver stood at 16.3 feet at the om· clal guaglng station. At another (WIge In the business section the river 8tood at 16.3 feet. O((lclals said damage would "un IDto the thousands of dollars, but tile)' were unable to name a figUre. At Des Moines, S. E. Decker, asIilIlant meterologlat. aa.ld he anticipated a turther rise of no more Ihan two or three Inches In the river here. It wlll relllllin at this llage about 12 hours, then fall rapIdly, Docker said. Three city areas were tloodM. 1I0st serlo\lsly damaged was the rentral addition lowland area wblch bas been evacuated. A levee on IL JQuth aide strtet broke tOday, flOOding another ~oction. Morrell Packing company ofCIclals ordered 2,60Q head or catlle moved trom a fee<llng lot along the river. farmer8 ail along the !load u arell drovo livestock to hllfher ground. No Now "Ictlllls The bodies of hogs, sheep and tblckens were seen floating down lbe river at a number of pOints. Thousands oC lowland acres were Inter,."lIou. New,. 8erTloe Internallup'" Jllu.trated Ne •• IOWA CITY, IOWA SATURlJAY, JUNE 29, 1935 ;


Embryogenesis occurred in Nigella sativa L. (Fam. Ranunculaceae) leaf callus tissue when coconut milk was replaced from the Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium by casein hydrolysate. On MS + IAA (0.5 mg/l) + casein hydrolysate (100 and 500 mg/l) medium, tissue gained a capacity of growing embryoids for a pro-longed culture period. At a concentration of 1000 mg/l casein hydrolysate suppressed the differentiating capacity after the fifth subculture. 2.4-D and kinetin had inhibitory effects on morphogenesis. Histology of the differentiated tissue revealed that the origin of roots, shoot buds and leaves were from groups of meristematic cells whereas embryoids were initiated by the repeated division of a single cell.


BACKGROUND Military critical care air transport teams (CCATT) evacuate critically ill and injured patients out of theater for tertiary treatment. Teams are led by a physician, nurse, and respiratory technician. Current aeromedical guidelines require a hemoglobin (Hgb) of 9 g/dL or greater to evacuate; however, civilians report that an Hgb of 8 g/dL or less is safe in critically ill patients. This study aimed to compare postflight short-term and 30-day patient outcomes for CCATT patients evacuated out of theater with an Hgb of 8 g/dL or less with those with an Hgb of greater than 8 g/dL. METHODS We conducted a retrospective record review of all traumatically injured patients evacuated from theater by CCATT between March 2007 and December 2011. We recorded demographics, injury descriptions, vital signs, laboratory values, adverse events, and disposition at 30 days. Patients were separated into those with a preflight Hgb of 8 g/dL or less versus those with greater than 8 g/dL. Continuous data were analyzed using Student's t tests or Wilcoxon tests and reported as mean ± SD. &khgr;2 or Fisher's exact tests were performed. Stepwise, multifactorial logistic regression models were used. Statistical significance was considered with p < 0.05. RESULTS Of 1,252 patients, 1,033 had a preflight Hgb of greater than 8 and 219 had an Hgb of 8 or less. Age, sex proportions, vitals, laboratory values, and Injury Severity Score (ISS; 24±13) were similar. The group with 8 or less had more blast injuries (68% vs. 76%, p = 0.01). No associations were identified between preflight Hgb levels and adverse outcomes. Disposition at 30 days was similar. We also compared preflight Hgb greater than 7 versus 7 or less (n = 1,212 vs. 45). Those with an Hgb greater than 7 had a greater incidence of hospitalization at 30 days (77% vs. 67%, p = 0.04). The group with an Hgb of 7 or less had more subjects discharged home or returning to duty (10% vs. 21%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Evacuating CCATT patients with an Hgb of 8 or less had similar adverse outcomes and mortality at 30 days compared with those with an Hgb greater than 8. Patients with an Hgb of 7 or less had higher rates of hospital discharge and decreased incidence of hospitalization at 30 days. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III.


With the methods of questionnaire and mathematical statistics,an investigation was made among a certain proportion of teachers about the present situation of their exercises in the urban area of Xinzhou.The analysis shows that only 29.6% of male and 18.8% of female attach importance to fit-keeping exercises.The popular ways of exercises are jogging,walking,ball games and swimming,motives are concentrated on building up health and entertainment,and places are always the highway or streets as well as parks and sports ground.Main factors that influence their participation in the exercises are the lack of time,interests and facilities and the burden of workload.Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are then put forward zeroing in on those problems.


This study evaluated efficacy and safety of continuing vs. withdrawing ixekizumab (IXE), an IL-17A antagonist, in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients who achieved sustained minimal disease activity (MDA) on IXE and re-treating with IXE if required.

 SPIRIT-P3 (NCT02584855) was a multicentre phase 3b study enrolling biologic-naïve patients with active PsA (diagnosis for ≥6 months, meeting classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis, ≥3/68 tender joints, ≥3/66 swollen joints) and previous inadequate response to conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs). Patients entered a 36-week, open-label (OL) treatment period with IXE every 2 weeks. Between Weeks 36-64, patients were randomised 1:1 to IXE or placebo (PBO) at the visit for which randomisation criteria were met (sustained MDA for at least 4 visits over 3 consecutive months) and evaluated up to Week 104. Patients not meeting randomisation criteria by Week 64 continued IXE up to Week 104. Maintenance of treatment response was measured by time to loss of sustained MDA (relapse) during randomised withdrawal (RW) period. The proportion of patients who relapsed during the first 40 weeks of RW period and time to regain MDA after re-treatment with IXE in relapsed patients were assessed. The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to estimate survival curves for time-to variables. Treatment comparisons were performed using a log-rank test adjusting for geographic region and csDMARD use as factors. Cumulative proportion of relapse was analysed using a logistic regression model with treatment, geographic region, and csDMARD use as factors. Safety data were summarised for the entire study period for patients who received ≥1 dose of IXE.

 In total, 394 patients entered the OL treatment period; 158 (40%) achieved sustained MDA criteria and were randomised to IXE (N = 79) or PBO (N = 79). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Time to relapse on PBO was significantly shorter than for IXE (p < 0.001) during RW period, with a median time to relapse of 22.3 weeks in the PBO group. The cumulative relapse rate during the first 40 weeks of RW period was 73% for PBO vs. 34% for IXE (p < 0.001). Of those who relapsed on PBO, 96% regained MDA following re-treatment with IXE. The median time to regain MDA was 4.1 weeks (95%CI 4.14-4.29) for PBO and 4.7 weeks (95%CI 4.14-8.29) for IXE. Safety data were consistent with previous IXE PsA studies with no unexpected safety signals.

 Continued IXE therapy was superior to PBO in maintaining MDA in biologic-naïve PsA pts who achieved sustained MDA on initial IXE treatment. A vast majority of patients who lost MDA after IXE withdrawal regained MDA with IXE re-treatment. Continuous IXE treatment is optimal for maintaining MDA; however, patients can regain MDA after re-treatment with IXE in case of treatment interruption.

 L.C. Coates: Corporate appointments; L. Coates is a consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Prothena, Sun Pharma, and UCB. Consultancies: L. Coates is a consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Prothena, Sun Pharma, and UCB. S.G. Pillai: Corporate appointments; S.G.P. is an employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company. L. Zhang: Corporate appointments; Employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company. D. Adams: Corporate appointments; Employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company. L. Kerr: Corporate appointments; Employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company. M. Hojnik: Corporate appointments; Employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company. G. Gallo: Corporate appointments; Employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company. I. Valter: None. H. Tahir: Grants/research support; H. Tahir has received grants/research support from: AbbVie, Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen, and Novartis. V. Chandran: Grants/research support; V. Chandran has received grant/research support from AbbVie, is a consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. P. Mease: Consultancies; P. J. Mease is a consultant for and has received grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Crescendo, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, is on the. A. Kavanaugh: Consultancies; A. Kavanaugh is a consultant for Eli Lilly and Company.


As one of the effort to cope with the energy crisis and carbon neutrality, utilization of low‐grade energy generated indoors (e.g., light) is imperative because this saves building and house energy, which accounts for ≈40% of total energy consumption. Although photovoltaic devices could contribute to energy savings, it is also necessary to harvest heat from indoor lights to generate electricity because the light absorbed by materials is mostly transformed into heat. For daily life uses, materials should not only have high absorptance and low emittance but also be easily processed into various forms. To this end, this work synthesizes black aqueous suspensions containing winding and bent linear gold nanostructures with diameters of 3–5 nm and length‐to‐diameter ratios of ≈4–10. Their optical and photo‐thermal characteristics are understood through experimental and theoretical investigations. Black gold nanostructures are conveniently processed into metal‐dielectric films on metal, glass, and flexible substrates. The film on copper has an absorptance of 0.97 and an emittance of 0.08. Under simulated sunlight and indoor LED light illumination, the film has equivalent photo‐thermal and photo‐thermoelectric performances to a top‐tier sunlight‐collecting film. This work attempts to modify the film structure to generate more usable electricity from low‐energy indoor light.


We describe an exploratory double‐blind placebo controlled trial of eltoprazine, a novel pharmacological agent, in the management of aggressive behaviours in two groups of patients: patients with epilepsy and patients with Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome (GTS). The study was brought to a premature close. Two psychotic reactions were observed. This may reflect interactions at the 5HT1 receptor group. Observations are made about the conduct of drug trials of the treatment of aggression in general and the specific clinical response seen in these two groups. We do not find evidence of the clinical value of eltoprazine for the management of aggression in these two groups.


The dose rate of the gamma-rays increases in association with the activities of the thunderstorm. They were observed on the ground in the winter season of Japan. To investigate the time profile of the radiations during the winter thunderstorms, a four set of the radiation detectors was prepared which consists of the long proportional counters. These detectors have different characteristics of the response for the incident particle energies by mounting different thick shielding covers. Those results were compared with the results measured at the same time by the environmental radiation monitors set up around a nuclear power facility. Electric field was also measured by using a field mill. As a result, the following two types of the radiation enhancements have been found during the winter thunderstorm activities; the gradual variation of photon intensity with energy of a few MeV, and the burst type of the radiation that are attributed to the injection of high energy photons with the energy over 10 MeV.


Subfertility is a worldwide problem – 72.4 million couples are estimated to have fertility problems globally. INTRODUCTION According to the World Health Organization (WHO), subfertility is 'a disease of the re roducti e syste de ned by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse'.1 The prevalence of subfertility varies widely depending on the de nition used,2 but undoubtedly it is a global problem of which nearly 72.4 million couples are estimated to have fertility problems.3 The consequences of subfertility are manifold and can include psychological and social impact on the individuals as well as the cost burden on the health care system. Evaluation of the subfertile couple should therefore be conducted in a systematic, expeditious, and costeffective manner to identify all relevant factors, with initial emphasis on the least invasive methods for detection of the most common causes of infertility.4 Approximately 84% percent of couples conceive within 1 year of trying, and about 92% do so within 2 years.5 It is recommended that subfertility evaluation should be initiated after 1 year of attempted conception in women under age 35, and earlier evaluation is warranted in women over age 35 years or women with oligo-/amenorrhoea or known risk factors for infertility, such as endometriosis, a history of pelvic in ammatory disease, or reproductive tract malformations. There are multiple causes of subfertility and most are related to ovulatory disorders, tubal damage, uterine or peritoneal disorders, endometriosis, and factors in the male causing infertility. In about 25% of cases the cause is unexplained in view of normal semen analysis, ovulation and patent tubes, and in nearly 40% of infertile couples, both the man and the woman are affected. It is therefore of paramount importance that the couples are evaluated together and separately, with the aim to establish presence of subfertility, to determine the underlying cause and to provide appropriate counseling and treatment accordingly.6


Sragen Regency Tourism Object is one of the places for recreation with family. Sragen Regency has many beautiful and diverse tourist attractions, making it difficult for people to determine the best tourist attraction. The criteria that are in great demand by the public are: Location, Facilities, Tickets and Security. This requires the Head of the Tourism Office to be able to make decisions in determining the best tourism objects. The purpose of this research is to make a Decision Support System Application for the Selection of the Best Tourist Attractions in Sragen Regency by using the Weighted Product Algorithm Method. This method was chosen because it has the ability to rank to determine the best alternative based on all criteria and weights. Data was collected by means of interviews, observations and literature studies. System design is made with Context Diagram, HIPO, DAD and ERD. This application was developed with PHP language and MySQL database. The results of the tests carried out on the functionality test were good and the validity test results were 100% valid. The implementation results obtained by the best tour is Ndayu Park with the highest score of 0.0852.


In this paper, we extend some results obtained by A. Amroune and B. Davvaz in [1]. More precisely, we will develop a representation theory of intuitionistic fuzzy perfect distributive lattices in the finite case. To that end, we introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy perfect distributive lattices and the one of fuzzy perfect Priestley spaces. In this way, the results of A. Amroune and B. Davvaz are extended to the intuitionistic fuzzy perfect case and the equivalence between the category of finite intuitionistic fuzzy perfect Priestley spaces the dual of the category of finite intuitionistic fuzzy perfect distributive lattices is proved.


These essays have two broad themes-the nature of political ideas and institutional reform in Britain. Among the subjects discussed are toleration, ideology, sovereignty, tyrannicide, violence, power and the individual, participation and planning, student influence, politics in schools, patriotism and pluralism.


Have recently been observed reports of the possible effect of some insecticides used in the treatment of maize seed during the early stages of development of culture. As a result, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of insecticide for seed treatment of maize subjected to different conditions of water deficit and its effect on growth of seedlings. The study was conducted at Centro Universitario de Patos de Minas in the greenhouse, the insecticides used for seeding were: thiamethoxam, fipronil, and control without treatment, under different conditions of water deficit, 100% of field capacity - CC, ( without water stress); 80% 50% 80% CC (the plant started with 80% of field capacity and left the amount of water down to 50% when it was made to reinstate the initial value) and 60% 25% 60% CC (the plant started with 60% of field capacity and left the amount of water lower than 25% when it was made to reinstate the initial value). Cylindrical vessel was used to 10L, which were filled with dry soil, loamy Oxisol, which was held on retention curve, to determine the CC. The final weight of the vessel was the mass of each pot + soil mass. We collected two plants per treatment at 10, 20 and 30 DAE for analysis of dry leaves, root, stem and total, in addition to leaf area. From these data was the calculation of growth rates of the plant according to the model proposed by Benicasa (1988). According to the results, it is concluded that the application of insecticide for seed treatment of maize provides greater tolerance of plants to water deficit.


In general, Pontianak and the surrounding area have soft soil characteristics with a low carrying capacity compared to other soil types. This condition is the leading cause of several construction failures, especially in constructing transportation or road facilities and infrastructure. One form of construction failure is the state of the road, which has experienced cracks and bumps in a relatively short time after the construction of the road. Innovations in road pavement construction are needed to overcome these conditions. This research aims to obtain the carrying capacity of reinforced concrete road pavement construction with fins by being given a layer of sand on cohesive and non-cohesive soils. This research was carried out by testing numerically through plate modelling with the PLAXIS 3D application and unique software in reviewing the modelling structure. In this study, the effect of fin length at a slope of 30° on increasing the ultimate load of slabs on cohesive and non-cohesive soils was investigated using the Elastic-Plastic method and with a computer program, which was then plotted into a graph of the relationship between load versus settlement and a diagram of the relationship between ultimate load vs. fin length. Based on the computer program output results, the five models' most significant soil maximum load (Pu) is 22.5 kN in the 40 cm fin length modelling. Even though they have different parameters, the two soils show the same results and behaviour. These results show that the most optimal modelling in this study is on a 40 cm long finned concrete slab because the soil carrying capacity is higher than other models.


[Objective] The research aimed to establish a simple and sensitive content determination method for benzoyl peroxide in flour. [Method] In neutral and weak acidic solution,sulfite could react with phenylamine to generate fluorescent substance when there was ammonia and benzoyl peroxide had inhibition effect on this fluorescent substance. Based on this rationale,the reaction solvent,pH value,emission wavelength,phenylamine dosage,sulfite dosage and reaction time were optimized for establishing fluorimetry for determining benzoyl peroxide content in flour. [Result] In the range of 8×10-8-1×10-6 g/ml,the benzoyl peroxide content showed linear relationship with its fluorescence intensity. The optimized reaction conditions were as follows:the absolute ethanol was used as solvent,the pH value was 6.56,the emission wavelength was 340 nm,the phenylamine dosage and sulfite dosage were 2.0 and 2.5 ml and the reaction time was 30 min. The detection limit and relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method were 0.03 μg/ml and 1.4% resp. [Conclusion] This research established a new method of determining benzoyl peroxide content in flour.


.............................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ...................................................................... 5 Adolescents' Engagement in Risk Behaviors .............................................................................. 6 The Social Context as a Powerful Influence on Risk-Taking in Adolescence ............................... 6 Emotion Regulation and Risk Behavior in Adolescence .............................................................. 9 Extended Process Model of Regulation ..................................................................................... 10 The Polyvagal Theory of Regulation ......................................................................................... 11 Polyvagal Theory and the Role of Emotion Expression in Emotion Regulation ......................... 13 Emotion Expression and Regulation in Social Contexts ............................................................ 15 The Impact of Social Context on Adolescents' Regulatory Processes ........................................ 17 CURRENT STUDY.................................................................................................................. 19 PILOT STUDIES FOR THE STUDY PROPOSED .................................................................. 19 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ......................................................................................... 20 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES .................................................................... 21 RQ1: Can synchrony between emotion expression and physiological arousal define a new metric of emotion regulation in a sample of African American adolescents? ........................................ 21 Hypothesis 1: ........................................................................................................................ 21 RQ2: Is the new metric of emotion regulation, that considers emotion expression and physiological arousal in synchrony, associated with adolescent risk-taking and is this association present when controlling for trait autonomic functioning? ......................................................... 21 Hypothesis 2: ........................................................................................................................ 21 Hypothesis 3: ........................................................................................................................ 21


A novel reduced-order adaptive sliding mode controller is developed and experimented
in this paper to antisynchronize two different chaotic systems with different order. Based
upon the parameters modulation and the adaptive sliding mode control techniques, we show that
dynamical evolution of third-order chaotic system can be antisynchronized with the projection
of a fourth-order chaotic system even though their parameters are unknown. The techniques are
successfully applied to two examples: firstly Lorenz (4th-order) and Lorenz (3rd-order) and secondly the hyperchaotic
Lu (4th-order) and Chen (3rd-order). Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations
are shown to verify the results.


Since their introduction in 1965, resolution based deductive systems for the first-order predicate calculus have been extensively investigated and utilized by researchers in the field of automatic theorem-proving by computer. Part of this research has been directed at finding techniques for treating the equality relation within the framework of resolution based deductive systems. Perhaps the most natural treatment of equality, introduced so far, is by means of the para-modulation principle which when used in conjunction with resolution forms a complete deductive system for the first-order predicate calculus with equality. A very similar technique for treating equality was introduced and called E-resolution. In fact E-resolution can be viewed as a restricted form of paramodulation and resolution. The purpose of this paper is to define E-resolution in terms of paramodulation and resolution and to prove the completeness of E-resolution and several modifications of E-resolution.


The article presents an analysis of changes in the chemical composition of water in the oligotrophic Lake Munozero for the period from 1959 to 2019. The lake is located in the upstream part of the Konchezero lake-river system (Munozero, Pertozero, Gabozero, Konchezero, Ukshezero). The Konchezero group of lakes is among Karelia's unique water bodies. Of all the lakes in this group, Lake Munozero stands out for its high mineralization (100 mg/l) and low content of organic matter (Corg = 2–4 mg/l) and nutrients. Lake Munozero water features a low color index (20–30 degrees) and high transparency (4–5 m). This lake is one of the best water bodies in Karelia in terms of potable water quality. The article gives an account of the changes that have occurred over the past 60 years in the ionic composition of lake water, the content of nutrients, and the oxygen regime under the impact of both natural (climate change) and anthropogenic factors.


The progressive use of teamwork as an element of workplace practices orients researchers to dedicate important efforts to study the phenomenon and its depths. Although team research has focused on a large variety of aspects—human, psychological, positional, technical, and economico‐strategic—less is known about the factors influencing or determining the incidence of such concepts. Implementation rates and the degree of spreading, as well as variables mentioned by previous studies as determinants, were tested on a sample of 1,298 manufacturing firms located in Germany. The results show that almost 2/3 of manufacturing establishments use teamwork in production and, on average, more than 50% of employees are involved in normally four‐ to nine‐person teams. The results of this study also sustain the initial hypothesis on the positive relationship among flexibility, complexity, new products, organizational concepts, and teamwork implementation in production. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The invention relates to a tray (1) for distributing a gas and a liquid circulating concurrently, including a plate (10) perforated with openings (12) and supporting hollow stacks (20) extending perpendicularly to said plate (10), each opening (12) of the plate having a stack (20) mounted thereon, said stack having the same cross-section as said opening (12), characterised in that the plate (10) is provided with a plurality of openings (30) arranged at the periphery of each stack (20) inside a circumscribed circle, the centre of which coincides with the centre of the stack (20), the radius of which is no larger than 1/3 of the shortest distance separating two adjacent stacks (20), and in that a single deflecting element (40) is arranged under each stack (20), the openings (30) and the deflecting element (40) combined associated with each of the stacks (20) being arranged so as to induce a rotary movement in the gas/liquid mixture below each stack.


This article addresses one of the fundamental flaws of No Child Left Behind (NCLB): the disconnect it creates between the lived culture of schools and the inflexible mandates focused exclusively on scientific research. Specifically, we examined NCLB's Reading First Program, a grant program that focuses on promoting specific "scientifically-based" components of teaching reading (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension instruction). The data reported in the article is based on a qualitative case study of one high-poverty school in the Northeastern section of the United States. The findings suggest that missing in the story of scientifically-based research and accountability are the roles that context and individual student needs play in the professional role of a teacher in the classroom.


Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) play essential roles in cancer cell growth and metastasis by stimulating angiogenesis. Curcumin inhibits the activity several oncogenic transcriptional factors including HIF‐1á, thus we investigated whether curcumin and its analogs EF‐31 and UBS‐109, could disrupt angiogenesis using colorectal cancer cells (CRC). HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cells were used in these experiments. HUVEC tube formation assay, Matrigel plug assay, Western blotting, QRT‐PCR, and VEGF activity assay were carried out to determine the curcumin, EF‐31 and UBS‐109 role in angiogenesis. Conditioned medium from HCT116 or HT29 cells exposed to curcumin, EF‐31 and UBS‐109 in vitro significantly blocked HUVEC tube assembly in comparison to control. In vivo, Curcumin, EF‐31 and UBS‐109 blocked the vascularization of subcutaneous matrigel plugs and the growth of CRC xenografts. We observed significant inhibition of VEGF synthesis and secretion in both colon cell lines treated with curcumin, EF‐31 and UBS‐109 in concert with the loss of HIF‐1á expression, of which transcriptionally regulate VEGF. These results suggesting that curcumin, EF‐31 and UBS‐109 inhibits VEGF production in part through the degradation of HIF‐1á. Taken together, destabilization of HIF‐1á may be important contributing factors to the antiangiogenic action of curcumin, EF‐31 and UBS‐109 in CRC.


Deployment mechanisms play a pivotal role in mission success. These mechanisms often incorporate bolt elements for which a preload within a specified range is essential for proper operation. A common practice is to torque these bolt elements to a specified value during installation. The resulting preload, however, can vary significantly with applied torque for a number of reasons. The goal of this effort was to investigate ultrasonic methods as an alternative for bolt preload verification in such deployment mechanisms. A family of non-explosive release mechanisms widely used by satellite manufacturers was chosen for the work. A willing contractor permitted measurements on a sampling of bolt elements for these release mechanisms that were installed by a technician following a standard practice. A variation of ~ 50% (± 25%) in the resultant preloads was observed. An alternative ultrasonic method to set the preloads was then developed and calibration data was accumulated. The method was demonstrated on bolt elements installed in a fixture instrumented with a calibrated load cell and designed to mimic production practice. The ultrasonic method yielded results within ± 3% of the load cell reading. The contractor has since adopted the alternative method for its future production.


.......................................................................................................................................................ii Table of contents ........................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ...............................................................................................................................................x Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. xi Publications ............................................................................................................................................. xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Cancer ..........................................................................................................................................2 1.2 Head and neck cancer .................................................................................................................2 1.2.1 Epidemiology and incidence ....................................................................................................6 1.2.2 Diagnosis and staging .............................................................................................................6 1.2.3 Aetiology and risk factors .........................................................................................................7 22.214.171.124 Smoking and alcohol .................................................................................................................... 7 188.8.131.52 Human papillomavirus (HBV) ....................................................................................................... 9 22.214.171.124 Other HNSCC aetiological factors .............................................................................................. 10 1.2.1 Genetic alterations and molecular markers .......................................................................... 12 126.96.36.199 Tumour protein p53 (TP53) ........................................................................................................ 13 184.108.40.206 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) ...................................................................... 14 188.8.131.52 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) .................................................................................. 15 1.3 Lung cancer .............................................................................................................................. 17 1.3.1 Epidemiology ........................................................................................................................ 20 1.3.2 Diagnosis and staging .......................................................................................................... 20 1.3.3 Aetiology and risk factors ...................................................................................................... 23 22.214.171.124 Smoking ..................................................................................................................................... 23 18.104.22.168 Radon and Asbestos .................................................................................................................. 24 18.104.22.168 Genetic factors ........................................................................................................................... 24 220.127.116.11 Other aetiological factors: ........................................................................................................... 25 1.3.4 Genetic alterations and molecular markers .......................................................................... 25 184.108.40.206 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) .................................................................................. 29 188.8.131.52 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) ................................................................ 30 22.214.171.124 Tumour protein p53 (TP53) ........................................................................................................ 30 1.4 The need for new HNSCC and NSCLC biomarkers ................................................................. 31 1.5 HOX genes ................................................................................................................................ 32 1.5.1 Discovery: ............................................................................................................................. 32 1.5.2 HOX of homeobox ................................................................................................................ 34 1.5.3 Specificity of HOX genes ...................................................................................................... 34 1.5.4 Regulation of HOX genes ..................................................................................................... 35 1.5.5 HOX genes in human development ...................................................................................... 39 1.5.6 Congenital disorders of HOX genes ..................................................................................... 40 1.5.7 HOX genes and cancer ........................................................................................................ 41


To ensure the stable control over the mixture of blast furnace gas,coke oven gas,and converter gas,a novel control approach combining the artificial intelligence with PSD was presented.The control approach combines the human-simulating intelligent control with single neuron PSD to implement the stability control of nonlinear multi-input and multi-output systems.The control effect of the above-mentioned three kinds of gas in a gas-mixing station indicats that the intelligent control approach significantly improved the control precision of pressure and calorific value of mixed gas,remarkably reduce the fluctuation of pressure and calorific value of mixed gas,decreased energy consumption,and fulfiled the request of production and energy saving.The control approach is a superior intelligent control method for stable control over pressure and calorific value of multi-component mixed gas.


ABSTRACT Using the electrochemical linear polarization resistance technique, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol corrosion current density on ASTM A-890-1B steel is determined in a 3.5% NaCl solution at different temperatures. The corrosion inhibition process is mixed. Apparent activation energy is calculated, being the one with inhibitor slightly greater than that without it. Adsorption matches Damaskin-Parsons isotherm, showing that molecules adsorbed by the metal surface reject each other. Three water molecules on the metal surface are replaced by one inhibitor molecule. This is demonstrated by calculating the surface these molecules project. Normal thermodynamic adsorption parameters are calculated, showing that the process is spontaneous and exothermic. Inhibitor adsorption on the metal surface is a chemical adsorption. Keywords : inhibitor corrosion, duplex stainless steel, potentiodynamic polarization, adsorption isotherm e-mail: email@example.com INTRODUCTION In general, some organic compounds have shown great effectiveness for inhibiting aqueous corrosion in a great variety of metals and alloys


Single Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey was carried out in the Manor and Park Complex in Nowa Huta (Krakow Branice, Poland). It was applied at a small distance and parallel to the longer wall of a monumental building containing an empty 3 m deep basement. Analogue modelling was performed in order to recreate the field study at the proper scale. The laboratory set-up consisted of a water tank where electrodes were mounted to the particular plate, which rested on water surface. The basement model was made out of a non-conducting material. The default and robust inversions were tested and these variants were also considered with the use of numerical modelling. Laboratory experiments have confirmed that zones visible in the interpreted field section are caused by the influence of the building cellar located next to the survey line. Zones of this kind are additionally disturbed by the local geological structure. The experiment has pointed out, among others, that as the distance between the survey line and the underground body increases, the inversion results are still burdened by an object influence. Thus, similar situations can be verified with the use of analogue modelling presented in this paper or 3D numerical one.
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The different substituents in the benzilic acid and its derivatives strongly influence the biological activity. A series of substituted benzilic acid like (Methyl benzilate, 4,4'- dibromo benzilic acid, 2,2'-dichloro benzilic acid and 2'-chloro-4-methoxy-3-nitro benzilic acid) were synthesised and their antimicrobial activity were studied by disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial results reveal that among the synthesized compounds 2,2'-dichloro benzilic acid, 2'-chloro-4-methoxy-3-nitro benzilic acid showed excellent antibacterial activity. Some benzilic acid derivatives already characterised to evoke a particular biological activity. The structure of synthesized compounds has been established on the basis of their spectral (FT-IR, 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR Mass analysis) data. The purity of the compounds was confirmed by TLC.


Physicians involved in the care of patients with asthma and other chronic respiratory illnesses are acutely aware of the adverse effects of respiratory tract infections on such patients. The sequelae of upper respiratory tract infections are responsible for the majority of unscheduled visits of patients with chronic respiratory illnesses to emergency rooms, outpatient clinics, and private practices at times when the prevalence of nonbacterial respiratory tract infections in the community is high. Respiratory decompensation accompanying such infections often leads to increased requirements for corticosteroids in the management of asthmatic patients and may lead to hospitalization for administration of intravenous medications and occasionally for short-term mechanical support of ventilation. There have been numerous studies concerning the definition of the infectious etiologic agents responsible for inducing exacerbations in both asthmatic children and adults. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of selected data relating to the role of infection in asthmatic exacerbations and the rationale for the selective use of antibiotics in the management of such patients.


Surgical trays, tools, and methods for hip replacement prosthesis for use in a reverse hip prosthesis, hip joint replacement surgery. The test components, specialized tools and methods of the present invention by the surgeon on the basis of the most appropriate size and angle to the anatomy makes it possible to identify the optimal components of the reverse hip prosthesis for implantation to a patient.


Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the development of cancer, heart disease, and many other chronic diseases. In general, the body has the ability to prevent and repair the cell damage caused by reactive oxygen species. However, when this capability is overwhelmed, oxidative stress occurs, resulting in damage to DNA and other cell components. Some vitamin and mineral supplements, such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E and selenium, are thought to have an antioxidant effect. This is of great interest because of its potential for disease prevention. However, little is known about the effects of specialty (non-vitamin, non-mineral) supplements, such as glucosamine, chondroitin, ginseng, and garlic, on oxidative stress and DNA damage and repair.


[ABSTRACT] 3D spatial data are used in various fields of applications, especially, for urban areas. Recently, it becomes easy to generate 3D building models automatically by using airborne laser data. However, the resolution is too rough to apply to some GIS and CG applications such as texture mapping. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare finer resolution building models. This paper describes an approach to refine existing DSMs or coarse 3D building models with TLS (Three Line Scanner) imagery and to generate 3D building model. At first, a building model is defined. Next, a method for model optimization and generation is described. Then, the preliminary experiments are conducted in case of flat roofs. Finally, the results are compared with existing DSMs. And it is confirmed to evaluate the approach.


The article analyzes the destiny of Marx's theoretical legacy as presented in his major work — "Capital". The author discusses the development of Marxist theory in the 20th century, shows the specific features of Marxist economic science today and explicates the influence of recent interpretations of Marx's economics on the current state of Marxism. The paper describes the status of Marxist theory in the modern economic science. The author analyzes the forecasts of the transition from the industrial society to the post-industrial one which may be found in the works of Marx and argues for their relevance for the 21st century.


Abstract The Iberian archaeological record is particularly rich in asynchronous (i.e. chronologically mixed) assemblages including Athenian pots that predate the other items by a couple of decades or even a few centuries. Recent scholarship on keimëlia, or 'curated objects' in modern parlance, has shown the potential of such objects to investigate questions of identity, agency and history-making among the receiving communities, but also to shed light on the role of Athenian pottery among them. This article analyses this phenomenon within the Iberian peninsula, focusing on drinking cups, both black-gloss with inset lip (Cástulo cups) and red-figure type B cups. Using case studies from necropoleis and settlements of the southeast and east of the peninsula, the article explores the reasons and meaning of this consumption practice. It is argued that the occurrence of 'heirloom' vases in Iberian tombs and their extraordinary survival in some settlements is the result of a conscious and deliberate choice indicating the existence of mechanisms of social distinction based on a diacritical use of material culture. It is further argued that different motivations might lie behind their delayed deposition: when the chronological gap between production and disposal dates is small, one or two human generations, curated Athenian vases worked similarly to non-curated ones, being emblematic of economic success, social affiliations and political rank. But when the interval is longer, Athenian pots became symbols of ancestry and elite status, possibly acquiring the same legitimizing role earlier bestowed upon Orientalizing artefacts. Supplementary material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0075426921000094) and comprises a catalogue of case-study objects.


Part I: Theory. M. Leclercq, Theoretical Aspects of the Main Components and Functions of Attention. P. Zimmermann, M. Leclercq, Neuropsychological Aspects of Attentional Functions and Disturbances. Part II: Assessment and Diagnostics. M. Leclercq, G. Deloche, M. Rousseaux, Attentional Complaints Evoked by Traumatic Brain Injured and Stroke Patients: Frequency and Importance. P. Zimmermann, B. Fimm, A Test Battery for Attentional Performances. P. Zoccolotti, B. Caracciolo, Psychometric Characteristics of Attention Tests in Neuropsychological Practice. A. Cantagallo, Neuropsychological Assessment With Non Computerised Tasks of Attention Disorders: Impairment and Disability. M. Van der Linden, F. Collette, Attention and Normal Aging. W.H. Brouwer, Attention and Driving: A Cognitive Neuropsychological Approach. Part III: Pathologies of Attention. M. Leclercq, P. Azouvi, Attention After Traumatic Brain Injury. M. Rousseaux, B. Fimm, A. Cantagallo, Attention Disorders in Cerebrovascular Diseases. F. Collette, M. Van der Linden, Attention Disorders in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Part IV: Rehabilitation. M. Leclercq, W. Sturm, Rehabilitation of Attention Disorders: A Literature Review. W. Sturm, B. Fimm, A. Cantagallo, N. Cremel, P. North, A. Passadori, L. Pizzamiglio, M. Rousseaux, P. Zimmermann, G. Deloche, M. Leclercq, Computerized Training of Specific Attention Deficits in Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injured Patients: A Multicentric Efficacy Study.


Recently, the theory of nonlinear difference equations have widely occurred as the mathematical models describing real life situations in computer science, electrical circuit analysis, economics, neural networks, ecology, cybernetics, biological systems, matrix theory, combinatorial analysis, optimal control, probability theory, and population dynamics. These studies cover many of the branches of nonlinear difference equations, such as stability, attractivity, periodicity, homoclinic solutions, oscillation, and boundary value problems, see [2],[4],[5], [7],[8],[9],[10],[11], [12],[18],[19],[20],[21],[22],[23],[24],[25],[25],[26], [30],[31],[32] and the references therein. For the general background of difference equations, one can refer to the monographs [1],[3]. Below N, Z and R denote the sets of all natural numbers, integers and real numbers respectively. T is a positive integer. For any a, b ∈ Z, define Z(a) = {a, a+1, · · · },Z(a, b) = {a, a+ 1, · · · , b} when a ≤ b. Besides, * denotes the transpose of a vector. The present paper considers the following higher order nonlinear difference equation