The composition and pyrolysis characteristics of 60 types of biomass waste from the following six source categories were compared: agricultural residues, woody pruning waste from gardens and lawns, aquatic plant material from eutrophic water bodies, nutshells and fruit peels, livestock manure and residual sludge from municipal wastewater treatment. The yield and physicochemical characteristics of the biochar produced from these feedstocks at 350 °C, 500 °C and 650 °C were also examined. Results of correlation and canonical correspondence analysis between feedstock composition and biochar properties showed that feedstock type played an important role in controlling yield and properties of biochars. The yields of biochar dry ash‐free (daf.) basis were positively correlated with cellulose, lignin and lignin/cellulose content of feedstock; and ash content hampered the biochar production. Furthermore, the intensity of correlation between biochar yield and its feedstock composition was improved with pyrolysis temperature and degree of feedstock decomposition. The fixed carbon content in biochar was also negatively influenced by ash content of feedstock, and it increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature when the ash content was below 34.57% in feedstock and decreased when the ash content exceeded. The fixed carbon production in biochar per unit ash‐free mass (af.) was positively related to cellulose, lignin and lignin/cellulose content in feedstock, which were same with the yield of biochar (daf.). But on the contrary, the volatiles content in biochar (af.) had negative correlation with these organic constituents. For most feedstocks, the differences in the biochar characteristics among the biomass categories were greater than within any individual category. C/N, H/C and O/C atomic ratio and bulk density of biochar from different types of biomass were also compared. The results will provide guidance for the reutilization of biomass wastes and production of biochar with specified properties for soil amendment applications.


Introduction: surgical service is one of the most important within the hospital institutions. However, in these centers, there is no standardized application managing the processes in this area. When performing a surgical procedure, large volumes of information are collected. This process is generally done by hand, without covering all the necessary information and in cases where the process is computerized; the software existing is expensive, based on proprietary technologies or does not provide a standard solution that meets all requirements. Objective: to digitalize the announcements and operative reports at Leon Cuervo Rubio Hospital, Pinar del Rio. Method: throughout a technological development research that defines the principles, technologies and methodologies used in the design and implementation of an Application Programming Interface (API) that provides the necessary functionalities to manage the information generated in the announcements and operative reports. Results: an Application Programming Interface was implemented, which provides the necessary functionalities to manage the information related to the announcements and the reports the surgeries. Its use reduces errors in data processing and loss of information. Thus, it is possible to permanently store legible and detailed information, being able to be consulted at any time as a source of studies and analysis. Conclusion: by means of the Application Programming Interface it was possible to computerize the surgical announcements and operative reports.


OBJECTIVE
To provide some new evidences for the identification of medicinal materials of Curcuma.

METHOD
Microscopic observation was made to characterize the rhizomes of Curcuma.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION
There were no obvious histological and morphological differences among the rhizomes of Curcuma. The distribution of oil cells and vascular bundles as well as the number and diameter of xylem vessels were considered to be the distinguishing features of their rhizomes.


Adsorption data are modeled using the popular Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. These isotherms are primarily useful for simulating data collected at a fixed pH value. This study attempted to develop an adsorption isotherm based on the Langmuir model, to simulate pH-dependent adsorption effects. It is derived based on the results of a batch of experiments conducted under appropriate conditions using olive pips as the reactive bio-sorbent on a copper-contaminated solution. This isotherm is used as a linear correlation between the maximum adsorption capacity and the initial pH values of the feed solution, while a nonlinear power correlation is used to represent the affinity coefficient–initial pH relationship. This isotherm is integrated with the advection–dispersion equation for simulating the effect of the initial pH on the contaminant transport scenarios. The integrated model, solved numerically by the implicit finite difference method, is proven, in which the initial pH has a potential effect on ...


We study the problem of coloring the n-dimensional boolean cube with c = 2 s colors such that in every k-dimensional subcube each color appears 2 k =c times. We are interested in the smallest k for which such a coloring exists. This problem is equivalent to the t-resilient function problem. A coloring is locally symmetric if each vertex in the n-cube has the same number of neighbors from each color other than its own. An XOR-type coloring is one obtained by a linear map GF (2) n ! GF (2) s. Our main results answer the following problems proposed by Friedman 4]: 1) if c ? 1jn, are all optimal colorings necessarily locally symmetric? 2) are there optimal colorings not obtainable as XOR type colorings? We give positive answers to both questions. Along the way we prove some identities involving the distance distribution of color classes, in order to gain a better understanding of the structure of color classes. Our main tool is an expression of the eigenvalues of the distance-i adjacency matrix of the n-cube via the Krawtchouk polynomials.


This study aims to investigate the architectural characteristics of the Da-bo stupa by examining the correlation among architectural languages and by studying the features of its architectural components and transitional changes shown in Da-bo stupa line drawings in Dunhuang Mogao Grottes. The results are as follows. 1st, the Da-bo stupa of Dunhuang faithfully follows the sutra of lotus, and although the form changes, the fundamental essence of Bo-tap-yong-chul and two seated Buddhas provided by the Gyun-bo-tap-pum in the sutra of lotus is consistent. 2nd, the pagoda body can be periodically divided into parasol, stupa, and royal palace types. The parasol type has an incomplete tower body, which makes distinguishing each of its architectural components difficult. The stupa type appeared between the early (AD 618-712) and middle (AD 766-835) Tang dynasty. It combines the form of Indian stupa type and East Asian wood structural architecture. The royal palace type, which appeared between the peak period of the Tang (713-765) and Sung Dynasties, shows the standardized pattern of the Da-bo stupa described as two seated Buddhas and Bo-tap-yong-chul. 3rd, the use of a stylobate does not appear in the early construction of Da-bo stupa, only in the later period, in the form of high pillars. Forms include many Su-mi-jwah and three-way stairways and Dab-do, but as time passes, the forms are simplified to the form of high pillars. 4th, the purpose of early Da-bo stupa was to provide space for Da-bo-yu-rae of Gyun-bo-tap-pum; hence, it did not have sangryoon(the top part). However, after it was influenced by general pagodas, sangryoon was established. Toward the Tang Dynasty, sangryoon has come to emphasize the forms of boryoon(nine wheels) or dome. However, this form is eventually simplified to only retain bo-joo(the orb).


The projected 2L-Y DC-DC Converter topologies are new members of the XY converter family. The 2L-Y converter is a combination of two single stage converters consisting, one is 2L converter and another is Y converter. Based on the configuration of Y converter four new topologies called a 2L-LVD converter, 2L-2LVD converter, 2L-2LCVD converter and 2L-2LCmVD converter are derived, discussed and analyzed in this paper. Due to higher conversion ratio capability of the proposed 2L-Y converter, it provides a workable solution for photovoltaic and electrical drive applications. The striking features of 2L-Y converter topologies are only one controlled device, negative output, Transformer-less topology, compact structure and having a minimum internal resistance. The proposed 2L-Y converters are simulated into MATLAB and simulation results are confirmed the theoretical analysis.


Significance
 The decision reflects the most serious split in the leadership of the party for decades. It strengthens the party faction led by Senator Blas Llano that is closest to former President Horacio Cartes (2013-18) of the Colorado Party.

 Impacts
 PLRA infighting seems likely to ensure continued Colorado control over government.
 An outsider PLRA candidate as yet untainted by corruption claims could gain traction but might have limited autonomy.
 Cartes is likely to succeed in forging greater pre-election unity within the Colorado Party.


In the present work, ultrasonic testing method has been developed to evaluate adhesive layers in rocket motor case assembly for the reliability of the rocket. The main objective of the present work was to find debonding and uncharged state between steel and FRP layers, We distinguish the debonding and uncharged state using the resonance method in the adhesive layers, It was found that the higher magnitude of ultrasound is reflected for the uncharged area in frequency domain, and shown good agreements with experimental results, The traditional ultrasonic pulse-echo method offers good implements for the distinction debonding area, The nondestructive testing results were compared with the micrography of destruective testing, As results, ultrasonic testing could be utilized for the evaluation of adhesive layer in the rocket motor case assembly


that anodal tDCS as used herein and combined with speech therapy is futile. The authors conclude, rightly,thatthesedataprovidemotivationtoproceedwithfur-ther study of the effect of this form of active tDCS combined with speech therapy on aphasia outcomes poststroke. Over time, identification of the ideal therapy intensity and duration, as well as target population, offers hope that language function can be substantially improved in individuals with poststroke aphasia.


In-service education that truly contributes to the development of teachers must focus on the individual. The unique characteristics of adult learners (i.e., their experiences, readiness, orientation, and motivation) must also be taken into account in in-service education efforts. When teaching adults, the educator must act as a facilitator of learning, providing support and resources, rather than simply teaching the content of a program. The differentiated approach to in-service education is particularly appropriate for teachers who differ from one another in terms of their psychological, professional, and career cycle development. The competency-based, ind:Widuallzed learning modules (ILM) format addresses the characteristics of adult learners, and the diverse needs of teachers in particular. Each module addresses specific topics and is designed to achieve one or more independent objectives. The format of the ILM involves eight steps: (1) a self-assessment of needs; (2) content delivery; (3) sources for further investigation; (4) an individual study guide; (5) a collaborative group learning guide; (6) performance products suggestions; (7) a log form; and (8) an evaluation form. Participants in the ILM format select the leaving modules considered to meet individual job performance needs, and pursue the successive steps within each module depending on the level of learning they seek for each particular activity. Individualization is the key to the differentiated approach, and should be incorporated into each learning module in terms of content, pacing, depth of study, and nature of the competency to be developed. Diagrams and 16 references are included. (PAA) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Competency Based Individualized Learning Modules: An Approach to Differentiated In-Service Education B y Martha N. Ovando, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Educational Administration The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Education Building # 310 Austin, Texas 787124291 Telephone # (512) 471-7551 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a common ailment that causes pain, decreased mobility, and restrictions on activities of daily living [1]. It currently affects approximately 8% of the US population, and its medical, social, and economic consequences both in the United States and worldwide are likely to increase in the years to come [1]. While we have good information about the prevalence of hip OA [1, 3, 7, 8], its etiology remains unclear [1], making it more difficult for surgeons to determine whether and when nonarthroplasty procedures like periacetabular osteotomy or arthroscopy are likely to be helpful, especially among patients with borderline or mildly dysplastic hips. Clinical studies have shown that early hip arthritis may be associated with unfavorable distribution of contact stress over the weight bearing area in patients with hip dysplasia, primary hip arthritis, and avascular necrosis of the femoral head [5]. Microscopic analyses have associated stress distribution with cartilage and subchondral bone deterioration [6]. In the current study, Irie and colleagues [4] used CT absorptiometry to evaluate subchondral bone density (as a surrogate for cumulative stress and loading abnormalities), and found important differences in severity and patterns of loading based on the severity of dysplasia. They divided the population into four groups according to the extent of dysplasia from mild to severe. In all groups, the highest density was found in the centrolateral region of the acetabulum where contact stress is highest. However, in hips with severe dysplasia, the region of higher density remained on the lateral side, but gradually spread medially as the severity of the dysplasia decreased. With these findings, Irie and colleagues [4] have provided a link to previous studies [2, 5], which showed that the weight bearing area extends medially with increasing coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum.


In this paper we discuss interesting developments of expert systems for machine diagnosis and condition-based maintenance. We review some elements of condition-based maintenance and its applications, expert systems for machine diagnosis


In this paper , the heat resistant properties of hot dipping aluminum galvanized steel sheet is investigated and compared with that of stainless steel, 1Gr18Ni9Ti. The results showed that the aluminum galvanized steel has a higher heat resistance than the stainless steel does. The mechanism is given in this paper.


The single bunch selector of the Spiral2 driver uses 100 Ω travelling wave electrodes driven by fast pulse generators. 2.5 kV, 1 kW feedthroughs and a vacuum chamber housing the water cooled electrodes have been designed and built. The paper reviews the whole design and reports the results of first RF and power measurements.


A dual-linear polarised antenna module for frequency-domain duplex base-station antenna arrays is described. Designed for the frequency bands 1.92–1.98 and 2.11–2.17 GHz, the antenna radiators are matched to −17 dB return loss. The antenna modules have been arranged in a dual-linear polarised array. Inter-element coupling has been reduced by insertion of conducting walls. The module features separate feeds for transmit and receive signals, and realises an isolation of 20 dB in the described array arrangement. The balanced-fed radiator elements are surface-mounted onto a printed circuit board, which serves as a groundplane and provides the balun structures. Radiators are made of three-dimensional parts suited for injection moulding. Prototypes built using a stereolithography process verify expected performance by measurements.


It is shown that poly(di-n-hexylgermane) exhibits piezochromic bahavior when subjected to high pressures. At intermediate pressures, a red shift of 40 nm in the UV absorption band occurs due to a conversion of the backbone from a disordered helix to a planar zigzag structure. Above 9-10 kbar, axial compression results in geometrical distortion of the backbone with a concomitant blue shift of the 370 nm band


The use of petroleum-ether in the isolation of typhoid bacilli from feces was suggested by Bierast (1914). He added a finger's breadth of petroleum to a fecal suspension in broth and shook the mixture at intervals. After allowing this to stand in a cool place for sixteen hours, he plated the sediment or some of the broth from the bottom of the container. He reported that 2 out of 23 specimens were positive only by this method. The work was interrupted because he developed typhoid fever. Jaffe (1915) had favorable results with 24 specimens, as follows:


The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristic of deformation and stress distributions in a three dimensional elastic circular cylinder under fluid dynamic forces by a fluid-structure interactive numerical method. The numerical method is composed of a finite difference fluid solver and a finite element structure solver. An overset grid and geometrically conservative space-time finite volume techniques are used in the fluid solver. In the finite element structure solver, kinetic nonlinear effects of the structures from large displacement, large rotations, and large strains are considered. The three dimensional numerical simulations are carried out for an unsteady state flow as well as a steady state flow. The three dimensional characteristic of the deformation and stress distributions in the elastic circular cylinder are predicted by the numerical simulation.


Polypyrrole (PPy) is introduced into proton exchange membranes via one-sided polymerization to form a thin PPy/ionomer mixed layer, penetrating 1–10 μm into the bulk of the membrane. The proposed reaction mechanism enables variable thickness of the composite layer by adjustment of the synthetic parameters. The mixed layer extends the electrochemically active region from 2D (interface) to 3D (interphase). The created interphase allows detecting or triggering of electrochemical processes within the mixed ionomer/PPy zone. We present here an approach to electrochemically trigger two types of redox-active species within the membrane: hydroquinone and a polymer-bound phenolic compound (tyramine). The current response of the electrochemical process is increased by two orders of magnitude when comparing the 3D to the 2D configuration.


WITHILE purely bibliographical reasoning is the indispensable and ' Toften conclusive process by which emendation of a Shakespeare play may be established, yet the nature of such evidence in many cases can establish only a high degree of probability, which must be subjected to the complementary considerations of dramatic coherence and artistic consistency. Such principles apply with great force to the emendation which is to be proposed here, since it is a question of suggesting that in Antony and Cleopatra two separate characters are actually one-specifically, that the character (designated as "Soldiour' "Soul." "Sold.' or "Sol') who tries to persuade Antony not to fight the battle of Actium by sea is identical with the character "Scarrus" (abbreviated "Scar'") who is allowed to kiss Cleopatra's hand and who has a wound like an "H' Since the only authority for the play is the folio text, and since the merging of two characters is suggested primarily by dramatic considerations, a greater proportion of this paper must be concerned with affairs not purely textual, and, indeed, must begin and end with the dramatic and artistic problem.1 After noting that these two characters never appear on the stage at the same time together, we should first consider the appearance of a striking physical characteristic which these two parts have in common. When the "Soldiour" is first introduced, he says to Antony: "Do you misdoubt/ This Sword, and these my Wounds" (III.vii.62-63). The use of the two demonstratives here suggests that both sword and wounds were to be visible to the audience.2


To strengthen the supervision on sand-excavation of licensed dredge,we proposed a moderate cost and practical monitoring terminal device installed on licensed dredge.The terminal device is capable of monitoring with functions of fixed-point,fixed-time,and fixed-power as well as wireless transmission of sand amount.We presented the research and development of this device in terms of microcontroller,GPS function circuit,flow monitoring circuit,GPS module,and low power-consumption design.The terminal device supports data storage and forwarding which improve the reliability of wireless transmission,and the low power-consumption design guarantees the stability of the hardware platform.


Objective:To investigate the effect of PGE1 on the serum levels of BNP and left ventricular function in patients with CHF.Methods:82 patients with CHF were randomly separated into two groups.41 patients in control group were given routine therapy,41 patients in treatment group were given routine therapy and 20 μg PGE1 once daily for 2 weeks.The serum levels of BNP and left ventricular function before and after treatment were measured.Results:The serum levels of BNP and left ventricular function(LVFF,CO) were significantly improved after two weeks of therapy in two groups (P0.05),especially in treatment group(P0.05).Conclusion:PGE1 is effective for the assistant treatment of CHF,and can improve cardiac function.


In this paper《PLC Application Technology》 shift in teaching instruction,for example,from the settlement to learn how to make students become the masters;how the teaching of the initiative to the students;how to reduce the distance between teachers and students,teaching the atmosphere is more harmonious and other questions,it is divided into three stages(theoretical basis for the preparatory phase,the theory applied to guide stage,the practice of self-sublimation stage) discusses the practice of self-style teaching model.


though Keyes admits that Thai democracy has a "checkered history," he points out that it allowed elected politicians from Isan to represent constituents (60). Suspicious that they were mostly Communist-leaning, the state repressed many of them. According to Keyes, such repression was perceived by northeasterners as symptomatic of central Thai discrimination. In Chapter 5, Keyes examines the period 1957–1973, during which the military administered Thailand with support from monarchy. For Keyes, Isan people recognized the Thai king as their leader but felt that the then-military regime prevented them from redressing their grievances. Some thus supported Communist revolution. However, as Keyes shows in Chapter 6, insurgency had faltered by 1983 partly due to new state decrees allowing amnesty and assistance for surrendering rebels and permitting the establishment of non-governmental organizations. In Chapter 7, Keyes illustrates how northeasterners, having experienced more upward mobility and interconnectedness with the world, have become increasingly involved in organizations to safeguard the environment, community rights and other regionally based interests. Lastly, in Chapter 8, Keyes argues that northeasterners have, since 2001, finally come to make their voices heard through supporting populist political parties of Thaksin Shinawatra and participating in the Red Shirts protest movement. As for strengths, this book, based upon Keyes's extensive research, offers an elaborately detailed history of Isan, which elucidates the growing political role of Thai northeasterners. Though the book is meant primarily for academics and policymakers engaged with Asia, Keyes's straightforward writing makes it accessible to the general audience. Yet the book does have weaknesses. First, Keyes sometimes tends to overgeneralize about Isan from work he has done over the years in Nong Tuan village. Second, there is much more diversity within Isan's identity and history than Keyes acknowledges. Third, to emphasize northeasterners' growing political participation, Keyes overemphasizes Red Shirts' support from Isan, lessening the importance of its backing from northern and central regions. Fourth, Keyes never acknowledges that some northeasterners, including farmers comprising NGO "PMove" and politician Newin Chidchob, are anti-Thaksin. Finally, though this book was written before the 2014 antiShinawatra coup, one wonders why Keyes' "cosmopolitan peasants" only slightly resisted it. Ultimately, however, as a book revealing crucial sociopolitical transformations in Thailand, this book is one of the better studies available—aside from works on Isan written in Thai by Thai authors.


ABSTRACTEFFECT OF LIME AND PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION ON WHEAT CULTIVARS' GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS The knowledge of the interactions among wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)and factors that affect grain yield (lime, fertilizer, water) is important for an adequate choiceof cultivars and definition of a proper fertilization. The objective of this work is to study thevariability of grain yield and yield components among wheat materials in response to limeand phosphorus application. The experiments were carried out annually, from 1987 to 1995,at the Itarare Experimental Station, Instituto Agronomico, Campinas, State of Sao Paulo,Brazil under dryland condition. A complete randomized block design in a split-split plotarrangement with 4 replications was used. The main plots contained three rates of lime(0; 6.5, and 13 t.ha -1 ), the split plots three rates of phosphorus (0, 30, and 90 kg.ha -1 of P 2 O 5 ),and the split split plots four wheat genotypes ('IAC-5', 'IAC-24', 'IAC-60', and 'Anahuac').The results showed that in acid and low-fertility conditions, the IAC-60 and IAC-5 geno-types surpassed the other materials in relation to grain yield, ear length, components of thegrain yield and harvest index. The genotype IAC-60 was more responsive to lime and phos-phorus. Grain yield, ear length, grain yield components and harvest index were more af-fected by P than by lime application. Grain yield correlated better with number of grains byear than with other evaluated features. Considering grain yield, the genotype IAC-60 wasmore productive and more responsive, IAC-5 more productive but less responsive and IAC-24 and Anahuac less productive. The use of genotypes tolerant to soil acidity and adapted tolow fertility but responsive to lime and fertilizer can make feasible wheat cultivation in low-fertility soils with less investment.Index terms: wheat, lime, phosphorus, grain yield, wheat yield components.


Purpose: To report a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with initial presentation as orbital cellulitis.Methods: Case report.Results: A 61-year-old immunocompromised female was admitted to the department of internal medicine due to fever and was treated for sepsis with systemic antibiotics. She also had a 7-day history of left sided headache and left eye pain associated with progressive eyelid swelling and conjunctival chemosis. Preseptal cellulitis (OS) was initially impressed after ophthalmology inpatient consultation. The following day, rapid progression of redness and swelling of eyelid with severe eye pain developed (OS). Ophthalmic examination revealed marked eyelid swelling, ptosis, and complete restriction of ocular movement (OS). Emergent orbital CT showed extraocular muscles swelling and infiltration of retrobulbar fat (OS). She underwent emergent anterior orbitotomy and local antibiotics irrigation under the impression of orbital cellulitis (OS). However, two days later, vesicular eruptions developed over her left forehead corresponding to the distribution of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. Under the diagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), she was treated with intravenous acyclovir. Following a 9-day course of Flomoxef and a 5-day course with an antiviral agent, she was discharged in an improved condition. Her ptosis and restriction of ocular motility gradually recovered during 3 months of follow-up.Conclusion: We presented a case of ophthalmic herpes zoster initially presenting as fulminant orbital cellulitis. Orbital herpes zoster infection should be considered in an immunocompromised patient with characteristics of orbital cellulitis.


Recent scholarship has shown how many 19th-century women used writing as a means to engage in socially acceptablepublic discourse. Though most of this research has focused on book authorship, some scholars suggest periodical writing provided women with an even more potent form ofpublic discourse because it was open-ended, allowing women to write much that they could not in other mediums. Fanny Fern was a newspaper columnist who was particu-


Five examples of symbiosis between gastropods and trepostome bryozoans are described from the Ashgill (late Ordovician) of Cumbria (England). The gastropods are invariably found associated with the bryozoans. whereas the bryozoans may be free-living. Encrustation is considered to have taken place, in most cases, on mature, living gastropod shells, resulting in the trepostome utilizing the shell as a surrogate basal disc. Three specimens show encrustation on an empty gastropod shell, causing the trepostome to develop a basal disc similar to non-encrusting forms. The bryozoan colony probably benefited from the symbiotic relationship by increased water flow over the colony, caused by gastropod locomotion, whereas the gastropod was afforded protection from predators. The new species Spiroecus nidhoeggi. Diplotrypa hvergelmi and Monotrypa fontinalis are described.


Three-dimensional visualization by serial sectioning and deformation analysis by EBSD were performed for detailed microscopic evaluation of the interface between an electroplated film of tin and a copper substrate. Three-dimensional morphology revealed that the intermetallic compound of Cu6Sn5 developed nonuniformly from the tin grain boundaries, which are thought to be preferred nucleation sites of Cu6Sn5. Results further showed that the whisker root grain coarsened in the plated plane because of incoming tin atoms and consequent grain boundary movement. Scanning ion microscopy and a kernel average misorientation map showed that copper deforms locally as Cu6Sn5 develops at the interface between the electroplated film and substrate. The mode of the local deformation of copper adjacent to Cu6Sn5 was evaluated using pattern analysis of EBSD. The tensor, which describes the local deformation, showed that rotation and shear strain were introduced because of the volume change in the Cu6Sn5 formation. The nonuniform morphology of Cu6Sn5 and resultant local deformation of copper suggest nonuniform deformation in the tin film, which might induce tin atom diffusion and promote whisker growth.


This article examines the dimensions of Sufism doctrines adhered by the followers of tarekat Qâdiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya at pesantren Suryalaya Area Coordinator East Java in Surabaya. The questions to be asked are to what extent are these followers consistent in practicing the teachings of Sufism and actively engaged in socio-religious activities, and how are spiritual, material, and social life of the members of tarekat Qâdiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya Suryalaya? The study found that the teachings of Sufism practiced by the members of TQN are actually appropriate or consistent with the teachings of Islam. Therefore, it is not true for anyone to understand that Sufism doctrines can weaken people's work ethic and make them poor and backward. This is because Sufism is, basically, able to strengthen the work ethic and spirit. In other words, people who engage in certain tarekat would be regarded as having misunderstanding toward its doctrines when they become spiritless, lazy, and undisciplined.


In order to obtain a broadband high performance C+L band erbium-doped fiber light source,using 980nm and 1480nm laser diodes as the pumping sources,with two 3dB couplers as broadband fiber mirror,taking advantage of the power control circuit,a stable fiber light source was obtained in experiments after analysis.Its power was 168.67mW(22.27dBm)with bandwidth of 80.701nm(1525.112nm~1605.813nm).In the experiments with two 980nm laser diodes and a 1480nm diode as the pumping sources at first,then replaced by a 980nm and a 1480nm diode the output power did not reduce and the stability kept the same.This result is valuable for reducing the cost and promoting the photonic-photonic conversion efficiency.


AbstractThe effects of temperature, light exposure, and pH on the interconversion of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in two chlorinated drinking water samples (groundwater and surface water) over a 28-day period were investigated. Six conditions were tested including exposure to a grow lamp (29°C), overhead fluorescent light (20°C), no light (20°C), incandescent light (10°C), no light (4°C), and no light (−19°C). Each condition was tested at pH 7 and 9. No clear interconversion of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) was observed in either the groundwater or surface water under any of the storage conditions except for the surface water samples adjusted to pH 9. These samples provided firm evidence for the conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) at temperatures of 29 and 10°C, with an increase in Cr(VI) concentration from an initial value of 2 ppb (μg/L) to a final value of 10 ppb over 28 days. Further research into whether conversion occurs at low temperatures is recommended to determine whether a hold time of 30 days (used in a standard metho...


Oxyyttrobeta fi te – (Y) is the fi rst member in the beta fi te group of the pyrochlore supergroup found in albite – rich pegmatite from Souri Valley, Komono, Mie Prefecture, Japan. This new mineral occurs as small anhedral grains with sizes of 20 to 200 µm in cylinder – shaped aggregates with a substrate of thalénite – (Y) and synchysite – (Y). Small amounts of aeschynite – (Y), thorianite, and thorite are also associated in the same occurrence with oxyyttrobeta fi te – (Y), and gadolinite – (Y) is also included at the boundary between the aggregate and albite. The physical properties are: brown in color, brittle, transparent, non – fl uorescent, vitreous luster, white streak with a Mohs hardness of 5, and a calculated density of 5.54 g·cm − 3 . Oxyyttrobeta fi te – (Y) is an optically isometric material with brown color under the microscope with a refractive index of n = 2.3 calculated using the Gladstone – Dale relationship. The empirical formula of oxyyttrobeta fi te – (Y) calculated on the basis of B = 2 with A 2 B 2 X 6 Y composition is (Y 1.58 Dy


The paper introduced the application of stretch-breaking wool in the blended yarn with cotton and wool.It also discussed the main processing parameters and technical measure and problems which we must pay attention in the spinning production of the blended yarn with cotton and wool.Technological parameter had roller gauge,roller weighting,stretch-breaking temperature and humidity.The stretch-breaking wool length was controlled by roller gauge.Roller weighting should be appropriate.Relative humidity was 85%,stored 24 h.Key points were summarized in the paper to provide references for enlarging product variety and upgrading traditional product.


Phosphorus is well known to exist in the sea of Southern zones, is dashed upon decks of ships, and can be seen there at night, and con sists of myriads of animalcules carried by it. It exists among the isles of the Antilles, from whence yellow fever is said to come. Phosphorus exists on logs undergoing decay in the woods of the Mississippi Valley, and can be seen almost any night on the new grounds here in Arkansas called deadenings. It is very abundant. It is seen in the swamps where the water has gradually left the surface, thus exposing it by night and is familiarly known here as fox-fire. In the cesspools of cities and towns it exists, and has been manufactured from them. We know what malaria i? We say malaria poisons in degrees, giving grades of effect; but what is the poison? Animalcules conveying the poison? Yes; but what is it? I say, for yellow fever, it is phosporus. Can animal cules carry it ? Yes; the lightning-bug carries it. Myriads of lesser insects carry it in the sea, and lesser still, the malaria animalcule car ries it. Further, what is a case of yelloy fever? It is poisoning. Take a case of poisoning by phosphorus. We have depression of the heart's action, a high internal temperature, a slow pulse; the tongue and mouth are identical with yellow fever; the stomach is exceedingly irri table (gastrititis it is called); jaundice follows; the urine is similar; the black vomit has been seen in the disease. Has any treatment reached it save an antidotal one ? I have acted upon it, and have had it to succeed with startling success in the few cases I have had here and in this vicinity. I have but very badly brought to my memory the above without any of my notes at hand. Sir Wm. Henry Day, of London, England, is my authority on phosphorus poisoning, and Flint's latest edition of Practice of Medicine on Gastrititis. I hope you will refer to his Haematuria as well. I am anxious for you to investigate this cause, with a view to further proof, and do not deny it without proof.—Louisville Med. News.


Although legal problems of oil and gas production are governed by general principles of the law of property, contracts, torts, etc., there are certain situations in the oil and gas industry where these rules do not quite fit, and if they do fit, their application is so strained that the rule becomes a special rule, and becomes a part of that separate body of law referred to as oil and gas law. Damages for breach of an express drilling covenant is such an area. This article distinguishes a covenant to drill a well from a covenant to protect against drainage and from a covenant of reasonable development, discusses the four rules that have been used by the courts in assessing damages for breach of a covenant to drill a well, analyzes the Canadian decisions on breach of a covenant to drill a well and concludes that, in a situation where the plaintiff and the defendant both have an interest in the property on which the well is to be drilled, the Canadian courts will grant damages for breach of a covenant to drill a well on the basis of the loss of royalty rule and on the basis of the loss of market value rule.


Between 1884 and 1920 the Society was part of an intense period of international geographical interest, imperialism and nationalism. This empirical history shows that the Society sought to explore New Guinea, Northern and Central Australia, and Antarctica, pursuing issues of land use, labour and commercial development of these regions.


Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) is a revolutionary technology for optical wireless communication systems that using LEDs as a soursce of transmission. Different of radio signals, data is transferred via light signals. The Li-Fi technology are employed for internal wireless optical communication by using a white LED as the source and a solar cell for detection. We transmit an image between two computers at a link distance of 100 cm with the concept of line of sight (LOS). To demonstrate the effect of temperature on the receiver image, we vary the hot air parameter from different angles. We use measures such as the average square error (MSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to evaluate image quality


R'=C02H Although alkylation of a-position of a-carbethoxybutyrolactones has been reported,2),3) similar attempt to prepare complex material such as the title compound has not appeared in literature. The authors were interested in examining the reactivity of a-hydrogen atom of a, B·dicarbethoxybutyrolactone system 4),5),6),7) in order to discover a new route to a-substituted butyrolactones. In this paper the reaction of r. r-dimethyl-a, B-dicarbethoxybutyrolactone (I) with acetyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydride in benzene solution is described. The acetylation was carried out in benzene solution by heating equimolar amount of the dicarbethoxybutyrolactone (I) with acetyl chloride. The condensation product (II) has new absorption bands at 1715, 1355, 1125, and 1060 cm..1, showing the presence of acetyl group. Elemental analysis also supported the formula of C14H2007. Hydrolysis of II with IN alkaline solution under reflux gave r, r-dimethylparaconic acid8), and when treated at room temperature. r, r ·dimethyl·B-carbethoxy-a-carboxybutyrolactone (III) was separated in a quantitative yield. Furthermore, II decomposed in the moist air gradually into I and acetic acid. The strucClh


Reverse auction is getting more and more popular in enterprises for its benefits in terms of reduced manual involvement, lower transaction costs, faster completion of the tender cycle and being a more efficient method for decision making in enterprise procurement. This article reviews the use of reverse auctions in enterprise procurement, structures these auctions process, highlights the three implications on supplier relationship management and finally gives the suggestion on ensuring appropriate products to be procured by reverse auction, designing the correct and proper reverse auction format and clearly communicating and professional training to the potential suppliers.


BACKGROUND:
Gingival recession is treated to reduce root sensitivity and to improve esthetics. Various surgical techniques have been proposed for treating gingival recession. Coronally advanced flap is one of the most widely used surgical technique for the treatment of Miller's class I gingival recession. Various modifications of the coronally advanced flap have been proposed for treating gingival recession.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
To evaluate the effectiveness of coronally advanced flap combined with orthodontic button application for the treatment of Miller's class I multiple adjacent gingival recession.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study included 10 systemically healthy subjects of age ranging from 18 to 50 years with Miller's class I multiple adjacent gingival recession in maxillary arch. Recession defects were treated by coronally advanced flap with orthodontic button. Clinical parameters like plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), relative attachment level (RAL), gingival thickness (GT), and keratinized tissue width (KTW) were evaluated at baseline, 1 month and 3 months. Percentage of root coverage was evaluated at 1 month and 3 months. The paired 't' test was used to test the significance
of the change.
RESULTS: In this study, clinical parameters like RD, RAL and GT showed a statistically significant value between baseline and 1month and between baseline and 3 months. There was no significant difference in RW, KTW at baseline and 1 month and 3 months. Mean percentage of root coverage at 1 month was 76.82 % and 3 month was 75.89%.
CONCLUSION:
In the present study, results showed that coronally advanced flap with orthodontic button is effective for the treatment of Miller's class I multiple adjacent gingival recession.


Significance Transcriptional activators represent a molecular recognition enigma. Their function in transcription initiation requires selective engagement of coactivators, yet the prevailing molecular recognition models propose this occurs via nonspecific intermolecular contacts. Here, mechanistic analysis of several related activator•coactivator complexes resolves this conundrum. In contrast to the expectations from nonspecific recognition models, even small sequence changes in the activators cause activator•coactivator complexes to undergo significant conformational redistribution, driven by specific intermolecular interactions and conformational changes in the coactivator itself. These unappreciated specific recognition mechanisms rationalize the high sequence variability of functional activators, opening new questions about the relationship between recognition and function. A key functional event in eukaryotic gene activation is the formation of dynamic protein–protein interaction networks between transcriptional activators and transcriptional coactivators. Seemingly incongruent with the tight regulation of transcription, many biochemical and biophysical studies suggest that activators use nonspecific hydrophobic and/or electrostatic interactions to bind to coactivators, with few if any specific contacts. Here a mechanistic dissection of a set of representative dynamic activator•coactivator complexes, comprised of the ETV/PEA3 family of activators and the coactivator Med25, reveals a different molecular recognition model. The data demonstrate that small sequence variations within an activator family significantly redistribute the conformational ensemble of the complex while not affecting overall affinity, and distal residues within the activator—not often considered as contributing to binding—play a key role in mediating conformational redistribution. The ETV/PEA3•Med25 ensembles are directed by specific contacts between the disordered activator and the Med25 interface, which is facilitated by structural shifts of the coactivator binding surface. Taken together, these data highlight the critical role coactivator plasticity plays in recognition of disordered activators and indicate that molecular recognition models of disordered proteins must consider the ability of the binding partners to mediate specificity.


The data of multi-objective geochemical survey is a large-scale database resulted from a comprehensive geochemical analysis to soil all over the country.It will be of great significance if these data can be applied to oil and gas geochemical exploration.In this study,multi-objective geochemical data in the oil field of the Yanchi area in Ningxia are analyzed.It is found that the contents of some elements in soil are abnormal,and these anomalies in the upper soil are closely related with the presence of the oil and gas field.The analysis of average contents of some elements and their relation to the oil and gas field reveals that the elements of Cu,Fe,Mn,V,Cl and S are effective geochemical indices directing to oil field.This would help expand the application range of multi-objective geochemical data.It can be applied to both ecological environment evaluation and prospect assessment of oil and gas resources.


This paper examines the obligations in TRIPS with respect to introducing plant breeders' rights (PBRs) in developing and least developed nations. Furthermore, the article examines the effect of introducing plant variety protection in the context of other policies that impact agriculture. Without addressing directly whether protection of PBRs is justified, this paper makes two arguments. First, the flexibility embedded in Article 27.3 of TRIPS to adopt sui generis systems of protecting PBRs will be defeated if UPOV is deemed to be either a mandatory requirement or if UPOV establishes the minimum standards for a sui generis PBRs system because UPOV is an ineffective mechanism for protecting plant varieties. Second, notwithstanding UPOV, agricultural subsidies will offset any benefits likely to flow to nations introducing PBRs. The effect of agricultural subsidies can be detrimental to the prevailing economic conditions in nations that newly introduce plant variety protection. The immense shortage of food in some developing nations creates the need to be cautious before introducing any mechanism that may upset the status quo. The paper concludes that for developing nations to accrue meaningful benefits, reforms in agricultural subsidies should precede introduction of PBRs. Developing nations, considering the 2005 deadline for TRIPS compliance, should seek an extension of the transitional period for compliance with the plant variety protection requirement under Article 27.3 until completion of the negotiations of the Cancun issues on agriculture.


"Men and Women are not content to comfort themselves with tales of gods and giants, or to confine their thoughts to the daily affairs of life; they also build telescopes and satellites and accelerators, and sit at their desks for endless hours working out the meaning of the data they gather. The effort to understand the universe is one of the very few things that lifts human life a little above the level of farce, and gives it some of the grace of a tragedy."


Alkyl and (hetero)aryl alkyne allyl alcohols can readily be transformed into chiral 4-alkyl 3-alkylidene tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydrofuranones bearing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl side chains in a one-pot fashion via an enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed cycloisomerization-Wittig olefination sequence in good yields (54-86%).


e14137 Background: HLA open conformers (OC) are defined as HLA class I molecules lacking beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) and peptide. OC can be derived from different HLA I molecules such as HLA-B27, -B57, and –Cw08. OC have a different three dimensional structure when compared to their respective HLA/β2m/peptide counterpart and induce distinct immunological processes by binding to LILRB and KIR molecules, both key receptors of the innate immune system. B57 OC expression is associated with enhanced immunity against viruses and can cause autoimmunity. Its potential anti-tumor activity has not been exploited so far. Methods: B57 OC and control molecules were expressed as IgG4 fusion proteins in CHO cells. The affinity for protein-ligand interaction was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Human macrophages M1/M2, phagocytosis and NK cytotoxicity were assessed by flow cytometry and cellular assays. Syngeneic pancreatic cancer (Pan02) or colon cancer (MC38) mouse models were used. Mice with tumors of 80mm3were treated twice weekly at 5 mg/kg. Tumor and blood samples were analysed. FDA cancer panels were assessed by IHC for LILRB1-5 expression. Results: B57 OC displays distinct protein-ligand interactions with high affinity binding to LILRB2 & 4, KIR2L1-3, and KIR3DL1. Therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic and colon cancer models was observed with monotherapy (p < 0.01), and combo therapy using PD1 and/or 41BB antibodies (p < 0.0001). Ex vivotumor sample analysis revealed a significant reduction of MDSC & Tregs, and an increase of M1 type macrophages. In addition, loss of MDSC functionality and enhanced CD8+ T cell expansion was noticed. IHC of human tissue demonstrated enhanced LILRB2 expression, notably in colon and lung cancer. Conclusions: B57 OC has a unique binding profile to LILRB and KIR receptors. B57 OC induces anti-tumor activity in diverse syngeneic mouse models and acts synergistically with PD1 or 41BB antibodies. Pre-clinical and human in vitroexperiments demonstrate that B57 OC mode of action is established with inhibition of MDSCs, macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype, activation of NK cells and LILRB blockade on tumor cells, which in turn support the adaptive immune system by increasing CD8+ effector T cells and reducing Treg numbers. B57 OC is a first-in-class therapeutic with robust anti-tumor activity.


During the past few months I have examined the facts and circumstances of six different homicides. In all these cases the prisoners were convicted and sentenced to suffer the extreme penalty of the law. In every instance the prisoner was an inebriate, and had been using spirits to excess before and at the time of committing the crime. The defense in all these cases was insanity, intoxication and incapacity to reason of the nature and consequences of the act, with inability of control. The prosecution denied this, and sought to prove a state of sanity and mental capacity that in no way lessened responsibility. The jury in each instance considered this established and returned a verdict of guilty. In four cases the judge expressed great approbation of the courage of the jury in their verdicts, and sentenced the prisoner in terms of severity and harshness. In one instance the judge


An Intelligent Task Scheduler (ITS) together with Congestion-avoiding Flexible Routing (CAFeR) are proposed to minimize network congestion of network-on-chip (NoC), so as to improve the throughput of multi-core system for fast and accurate object recognition. The ITS predicts the communication pattern of next frame and intelligently assigns tasks to consumer cores. It also adaptively controls buffer threshold of each link in NoC to support CAFeR to enhance packet transaction throughput, which enables packets to communicate with less congestion. Thanks to the proposed ITS with 91.4% of prediction accuracy and CAFeR, the overall latency is reduced by 50.2%.


The impact of time-dependent unsaturated behaviour of virgin and the impact of cation self-diffusion on the time-dependent unsaturated behaviour of exhumed Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) specimens w...


The invention relates to a preparation method of an anti-oxidation coating, which belongs to the field of coating material preparation. In the invention, a composite material is taken as a basal body, and the coating comprises the following main components: a SiC phase, a free Si phase and an M phase, wherein the M phase is an MoSi2, WSi2 and TaSi2 single ceramic phase or a multiple ceramic mixing phase; the thickness of the coating is about 20mu m to 600mu m; the coating adopts a process for preparing the coating by a slurry coating-liquid phase ihrigizing in-suit reaction method; the coating system has wide application range, and contains the whole Si ceramic coatings; and the invention effectively control the thickness and the components of the coating by means of the slurry solid content and slurry coating frequency, thereby meeting the in-service use requirements.


Thank you for downloading time to take control the impact of change on corporate computer systems. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this time to take control the impact of change on corporate computer systems, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their computer.


As the rapid-spreading disease COVID-19 occupies the world, most governments adopt strict control policies to alleviate the impact of the virus. These policies successfully reduced the prevalence and delayed the epidemic peak, while they are also associated with high economic and social costs. To bridge the microscopic epidemic transmission patterns and control policies, simulation systems play an important role. In this work, we propose an agent-based disease simulator for indoor public spaces, which contribute to most of the transmission in cities. As an example, we study Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, which is one of the most bustling aviation hubs in China. Specifically, we design a high-efficiency mobility generation module to reconstruct the individual trajectories considering both lingering behavior and crowd mobility, which greatly enhances the credibility of the simulated mobility and ensures real-time performance. Based on the individual trajectories, we propose a multi-path disease transmission module optimized for indoor public spaces, which includes three main transmission paths as close contact transmission, aerosol transmission, and object surface transmission. We design a novel convolution-based algorithm to mimic the diffusion process, which can leverage the high concurrent capability of the graphics processing unit to accelerate the simulation process. Leveraging our simulation paradigm, the effectiveness of common policy interventions can be quantitatively evaluated. For mobility interventions, we find that lingering control is the most effective mobility intervention with 32.35% fewer infections, while increasing social distance and increasing walking speed have a similar effect with 15.15% and 18.02% fewer infections. It demonstrates the importance of introducing crowd mobility into disease transmission simulation. For transmission processes, we find the aerosol transmission involves in 99.99% of transmission, which highlights the importance of ventilation in indoor public spaces. Our simulation also demonstrates that without strict entrance detection to identify the input infections, only performing frequent disinfection cannot achieve desirable epidemic outcomes. Based on our simulation paradigm, we can shed light on better policy designs that achieve a good balance between disease spreading control and social costs.


Sensing systems, especially when used for interrogating the structural integrity of aircraft in traditional inspections, are frequently working in a quasi-linear mode. This approach however creates difficulties in some cases, especially when applications for structural health monitoring (SHM) are concerned. One of the major problems are base-line deviations interfering with damage-related signals that are in some cases moreover complicated due to interferences at complex aircraft structures creating major obstacles for a broad-scale implementation of SHM in aircraft. Advanced data processing and dedicated high-end hardware components are certainly capable of tackling part of these problems, but additional hardware requirements require extra power supply, together with advanced data transmission and processing facilities, also additional maintenance needs emerge. In some cases, an interesting alternative is offered by highly non-linear sensing devices. They produce a sharp sensor response that ideally only depends on a certain damage-related outer parameter representing in this way a material-based threshold. Moreover, this sharp sensor response ideally ranges over many orders of magnitude above the baseline variations and in this manner, an ideal tool would be established to finally enormously increase the probability of detection, at least within the range of damage to detect. After a short review on examples taken from the literature, that are in some cases successfully applied in operations, new developments are presented, such as water leakage sensors based on the percolation effect, dedicated optical sensors for reliably detecting damage in hydraulic pipes as well as defects in bleed air ducts. Most of them are able to cover bigger surfaces and are, when appropriate, also partially equipped with dedicated facilities for reliable damage localisation. Finally, a couple of examples are given that were already implemented in operational airliners, such as devices for the detection of corrosive liquids in aircraft (Boeing 737-500, Boeing 747400).


The essential oil of Artemisia argyi grown in Jiaodong peninsula was extracted by hydro-distillation,soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2.The chemical components of artemisia argyllem oil were studied and 31 active ingredients were identified.The varieties and contents of oil extracted by supercritical CO2 are higher than the others.The antimicrobial activity of the artemisia argyllem oil was evaluated using agar diffusion and broth microdilution method.The antimicrobial effect was studied in vitro against Escherichia coli,Staphyloccocus aureus and aspergillus flavus.The results showed that the oils had great potential antimicrobial activity against all 3 microorganisms especially to Escherichia coli and the minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.1 %(V/V).


Islamic financial facilities like profit and loss sharing (PLS) are flexible enough to provide built-in stabilizers to the investment process. The amplitude of all phases of the business cycle will be smaller in an Islamic economy compared to advanced capitalist economies where the fixity of the fluctuating short term interest rates account for the unstable and cyclical behaviour of investment. This is demonstrated by emphasising the dependence of investment decisions on financing and capital valuation (following Gordon, Tobin, and Minsky) then using a qualitative model of two differenttial equations to express financing conditions and investment behaviour.


Governments at all levels have paid great attention to a coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. In this context, this paper reviews main technical points of the Plan for the Coordinated Development of Beijing-TianjinHebei Region(2008 – 2020) drafted and authorized from 2006 to 2008. Then on the basis of planning practices carried out in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in the past few years, the paper analyzes problems and challenges the Region faces. The analytical results are compared with the conclusions made by studying the Plan for the Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region(2008 – 2020). In the end, the paper proposes suggestions for compiling a new plan for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.


This paper deals with a new feature selection and f eature contrasting approach for classification of highly unbalanced textual data wi th a high degree of similarity between associated classes. The efficiency of the app roach is illustrated by its capacity to enhance the classification of bibliographic referen ces into a patent classification scheme. A complementary experiment is performed on a non textual dataset issued form the UCI repository.


Objective To observe the impact of serum ox-LDL/β2-GPI complex level in diabetic nephropathies patients with color Doppler ultrasound. Methods A total of 89 patients with DN were divided into 3 groups by 24 hours urine protein excretion rate:group A(UAER30 mg/24 h), group B(UAER 30~300 mg/24 h), and group C(UAER300 mg/24 h),30 healthy volunteers as controls. Serum ox-LDL/β2-GPI complex levels were measured by ELISA. All DN patients and healthy subjects were examined with color Doppler ultrasound to measure the blood flow distribution conditions and blood flow parameters. Results The RI and PI of renal arteries in group B and C were significantly higher than those of the group A and D, while the Vmax and Vmin were lower(t=1.96, 2.02, 2.14, 2.58, 2.07, 2.22, 2.51, 2.76, 2.18, 2.32, 2.66, 2.84, 2.09, 2.26, 2.43, 3.16, 2.14, 2.32, 2.47, 2.55, 2.27, 2.41, 2.58, 2.79,P0.05). The Vmin in group C was significantly lower than that in the group B while the RI and PI were higher(t=1.73, 1.99, 1.81, 2.07, 1.95, 2.13, 1.76, 2.32, 2.09,P0.05). The ox-LDL/β2-GPI complex levels of DN groups were significantly higher than that of the group D, the complex of group B and C were significantly higher than that of the group A; the complex of group C were significantly higher than that of the group B(t=2.81, 3.35, 3.97,3.43, 3.86, 4.31, P0.05). Positive correlation were observed between ox-LDL/β2-GPI complex and SRA RI, IRA RI in group B and C(r=0.28, 0.29;0.37, 0.42, P0.05). Conclusions ox-LDL/β2-GPI complex is closely related to pathogenesis of DN. Color Doppler ultrasound can accurately and quickly detect renal damage in DN patients.


And T.S. Eliot, for taking all that apart for a moment. And for his phases—satiric, dramatic, meditative—which bespeak time, maturing, as his own sentiment and thought rolled on to the great summation, great stillness of his Four Quartets. For his evasion of what the guy who wrote The Hustler called self pity, that great indoor sport. Baraka said he loved the way Eliot never allowed himself to be mashed by his experience. And for Brecht, the same thing. No mashing but a purified bitterness. Both of them thinkers.


Ineffective communication between physician and patients has been the main factor resulting in physician-patient disputes.Physician-patient communication should be improved from four dimensions which are taking the humanistic spirit as the soul,the rights as standard,the system as guarantee,and emphasizing the skills and art of physician-patient communication.In addition,good physician-patient communication is in need of cooperation and support from other social factors and social systems.


"[T]he liar's punishment is, not in the least that he is not believed, but that he cannot believe anyone else." - George Bernard Shaw1 The double liar dilemma is a perplexing issue that courts face when shaping the law that governs contract negotiation. In essence, the dilemma is whether a lie by one party to a business contract should excuse a lie by the other party. The dilemma arises when, for example, a buyer negotiates the purchase of a business from a seller. During contract negotiations, the seller makes representations concerning the financial condition of the company. At the same time, the buyer agrees to include in the contract of sale a clause stating that the buyer has not relied on any representations made by the seller during the negotiations or in the contract. Following the purchase, the buyer learns that the seller misrepresented the company's financial condition and sues to rescind the contract. The seller argues that, even if the seller's representations were false, the court should not allow rescission because the buyer's statement that it did not rely on any representations is now also untrue. The court must interpret the contract either in favor of the buyer who lied in stating that there was no reliance or in favor of the seller who lied about the company's financial condition. In this scenario, a decision in favor of the seller means that the buyer whose contractual statements are untrue is not entitled to rely on seller representations. This scenario involving double liars (buyer and seller) raises an important public policy concern relating to fraud and freedom of contract. The issue is whether "public policy intervenes to trump contractual freedom . . . That public policy argument [against fraud] continues a longstanding debate within American jurisprudence about society's relative interest in contractual freedom versus establishing universal minimum standards of truthful conduct for contracting parties."2 This issue is especially significant because both principles - freedom of contract and the encouragement of truthful conduct - lie at the heart of the American legal system that frames the business environment. Analysis of the double liar dilemma requires consideration of multifaceted legal and ethical concerns that are explored later in this article. Two questions are especially important. First, should it make a difference whether the seller's alleged misrepresentations occurred during contract negotiations or inside the four corners of the contract? Second, does it matter whether a seller's misrepresentation was not intentional but the result of recklessness or negligence? This article explores these questions and related issues in the following order. Part I provides a case study that illustrates double liar dilemma concerns - a 2006 case decided by the Delaware Court of Chancery, ABRY Partners V, L.P. v. F&W Acquisition LLC.3 Part II examines situations in which the seller's alleged misrepresentations were made during contract negotiations, while Part III covers situations in which they are in the contract. Part IV analyzes the legal and ethical soundness of the ABRY decision, discusses implications for parties involved in future business negotiations, and considers the tension created by the double liar dilemma between legal clarity and ethical considerations. I. A Case Study Of The Double Liar Dilemma ABRY vividly illustrates the subtleties of the double liar dilemma. In addition to providing a cogent analysis of the dilemma, the ABRY decision is an important addition to the law governing business negotiations because "Delaware law serves as precedent for transactional law in virtually all states."4 The case is also illustrative because it exposes the secretive world of private equity transactions, where litigation between private equity firms is rare.5 ABRY has generated a great deal of interest among private equity firms because of an "upsurge in transfers of portfolio companies from one LBO [leveraged buyout] group to another. …


Ploidy affects plant growth vigor and cell size, but the relative effects of pollen fertility and allergenicity between triploid and diploid have not been systematically examined. Here we performed comparative analyses of fertility, proteome, and abundances of putative allergenic proteins of pollen in triploid poplar 'ZhongHuai1' ('ZH1', triploid) and 'ZhongHuai2' ('ZH2', diploid) generated from the same parents. The mature pollen was sterile in triploid poplar 'ZH1'. By applying two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), a total of 72 differentially expressed protein spots (DEPs) were detected in triploid poplar pollen. Among them, 24 upregulated and 43 downregulated proteins were identified in triploid poplar pollen using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation coupled with time of-flight tandem mass spectrometer analysis (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS). The main functions of these DEPs were related with "S-adenosylmethionine metabolism", "actin cytoskeleton organization", or "translational elongation". The infertility of triploid poplar pollen might be related to its abnormal cytoskeletal system. In addition, the abundances of previously identified 28 putative allergenic proteins were compared among three poplar varieties ('ZH1', 'ZH2', and '2KEN8'). Most putative allergenic proteins were downregulated in triploid poplar pollen. This work provides an insight into understanding the protein regulation mechanism of pollen infertility and low allergenicity in triploid poplar, and gives a clue to improving poplar polyploidy breeding and decreasing the pollen allergenicity.


This paper addresses the Optimal Sensor Deployment Problem (OSDP). The goal is to maximize the probability of target detection, with simultaneous cost minimization. The problem is solved by the Discrete PSO (DPSO) algorithm, a novel modification of the PSO algorithm, originally presented in the current paper. DPSO is general- purpose optimizer well suited for conducting search within a discrete search space. Its applicability is not limited to OSDP, it can be used to solve any combinatorial and integer programming problem. The effectiveness of the DPSO in solving OSDP was demonstrated on several examples.


I am excited to have been reelected to serve as Chair of SIGMIS for July 1, 2005 - June 30, 2007! I look forward to serving the members of SIGMIS in the best way that I can. I would like to thank all of you for your support.Before announcing our newly elected officers, I wish to thank our two departing officers for their past service: Laurie Schatzberg, University of New Mexico, served as the Vice Chair since July 1, 2001. As Conrad Shayo, CPR'06 Conference Chair, said so well, "Laurie is so kind, she nudges me along saying nicely: 'you better ha...'" I wholeheartedly agree. Laurie has a gentle way of keeping things on track. She is an invaluable source of inspiration, ideas, and follow-through in her service to SIGMIS. I know I will miss her dearly as she pursues greater responsibilities at the University of New Mexico.Dorothy Leidner, Texas Christian University, served as Secretary/Treasurer since July 1, 2001. I am happy that she will continue as a Co-Editor of Data Base with Wynne Chin, University of Houston. Her outstanding dedication and service to SIGMIS is greatly appreciated.I would like to welcome our new officers, whom I look forward to working with: Diane Lending, James Madison University, ACM-SIGMIS Vice Chair Don Amoroso, Appalachian State University, ACM-SIGMIS Secretary/TreasurerTo be announced, ACM-SIGMIS CPR (Computer Personnel Research) Committee Chair Susan Vowels, Washington College, ACM-SIGMIS Information DirectorAnd now, on to our upcoming activities. Please consider sending a submission to the SIGMIS Computer Personnel Research 2006 Conference: When & Where: April 13-15, 2006, Claremont, California, USATheme:"Forty Four Years of Computer Personnel Research: Achievements, Challenges and the Future". The submission deadline is October 15, 2005. Your participation is encouraged! For more information, please contact the SIGMIS CPR Conference Committee: Conference Chair: Conrad Shayo, California State University, San Bernardino Program Co-Chairs: Kate M. Kaiser, Marquette University & Terry Ryan, Claremont Graduate University Local Arrangements: Seta Whitby, University of La Verne Treasurer: Laurie Schatzberg, University of New Mexico Publicity: Tony Coulson, California State University, San Bernardino Doctoral Consortium Co-Chairs: Andrea Tapia & Lynette Kvasny, Penn State University Or, check our website at: http://www.acm.org/sigmisPlease help make the SIGMIS CPR Conference a continuing success. Consider hosting a future SIGMIS CPR Conference!Finally, please mark your calendar now for the Fifth Annual ACM-SIGMIS Reception: Where: International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS2005) The Venetian Hotel, Casanova Room 606, Las Vegas, NV USA When: Saturday, December 10, 2005, 5:30 to 7:00 pm Who: All ACM-SIGMIS members and their invited guests are welcome!On behalf of all of the new officers, thank you for your continued support of SIGMIS. Please feel free to contact any one of us with suggestions or ideas.


Four depositional sequences (SE-1, SE-2, SE-3 and SE-4) have been recognized in the
lowermost Eocene of the south-central Pyrenees. These correspond to the previous Figols
sequence of Mutti et al. (1985). SE-2 and SE-4 are type 1 sequences (in the sense of Vail
et al. 1984), whereas SE-3 is a type 2 sequence. There is a clear correlation between these
sequences and the third order global cycles defined by Haq et al. (1987).


Based on the method suggested by the author, the data of acoustic sounding with the Zvuk-2 three-channel Doppler sodar with operating frequency 1700 Hz capable of measuring the backscattered signal power are interpreted. A closed iterative algorithm considers the excess turbulent attenuation of a sodar pulse when it propagates along the path from the transmitter to the sounded volume and back to the receiver. Synchronous vertical profiles of the thermal CT2(z) and velocity CV2(z) structure parameters are obtained for altitudes up to 515 m. Cases of synchronous altitude behavior of CT2 and CV2 were observed along with cases where the minimum in the CV2 profile corresponded to the maximum in the CT2 profile. Simultaneous measurements show that the main contribution to the refractive index structure parameter Cn2(z) and hence to the turbulent sound attenuation in the above-indicted altitude range comes from the dynamic turbulence. Altitude behavior of the sound refractive index structure parameter and the turbulent energy dissipation rate are discussed.


Wuchuan Black cattle,a newly discovered species,is unique in Guizhou Province.The problem of its origin and systematics remains controversial today.To investigate the genetic diversity and genetic data of Wuchuan Black cattle,the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region complete sequence in 22 individuals of Wuchuan Black cattle were sequenced.A total of 51 variations and 11 haplotypes were detected.The average percentage of A+T was higher than that of G+C,and the nucleotide diversity(π) was 5.475%,and haplotype diversity(Hd) was 0.909±0.044,indicating a very high genetic diversity in Wuchuan Black cattle.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Wuchuan black cattle probably originated from two progenitors:Bos taurus and Bos indicus.


Seahorse is marine biota that have commercial value and used as ornamental fish and traditional medicinal ingredients. Utilization of seahorses has still not been extensively studied, especially in the form of hydrolysates. Hydrolysates of seahorses are known to have efficacy in biological activity. This study was conducted to identify seahorse morphometrics, determine selected enzymes based on the degree of hydrolysis and determine the anti-inflammatory activity of hydrolysates. The results showed that morphometric identification showed morphological characteristics of Hippocampus kuda, namely the number of body rings 12 units, tail ring 35 units, eye protrusion and cheeks as much as 1 unit, average head length of 3.5 cm, number of body rings on dorsal fin 3 units. The best degree of hydrolysis of seahorses is protein hydrolysis using alkalase enzyme of 42.49%. The highest anti-inflammatory activity on sea horse hydrolyzate has %inhibition of 42.88%.


Objective: To construct recombinant adenoviral vectors carrying Rheb gene and its mutant Rheb-Q64L and Rheb-D60K gene,and examine their expression in human breast cancer cells and their effect on the proliferation of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods: Rheb gene was amplified by PCR to construct the recombinant plasmid pacAd5CMV-Rheb-WT,pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-Q64L and pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-D60K. HEK-293 AD cells were co-transfected with the recombinant adenoviral vector together with a adenoviral package plasmid to produce the adenoviral particles. The expression of phosphorylated S6 protein or Rheb was detected in the adenovirus-infected MCF-7 cells. The proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-WT or pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-Q64L or pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-D60K was observed. Results: The recombinant pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-WT,pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-Q64L and pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-D60K vectors were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Western blotting analyse showed that the expression of phosphorylated S6 or Rheb protein increased in pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-WT and pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-Q64L transfected cells and the expression of P-S6 or Rheb decreased in pacAd5 CMV-Rheb-D60K-transfected cells. PacAd5 CMV-Rheb-Q64L-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells showed stronger proliferation ablility than others in serum-free medium. However,cells transfected with PacAd5 CMV-Rheb-D60K proliferated most slowly after serum starvation for 48h. Conclusion: Adenoviral vectors carrying Rheb gene and its mutants has been successfully constructed,which can be useful for further investigation into the role of Rheb gene in cancer cells.


Nanostructured materials of nickel titanate, NiTiO3, have been prepared by the calcinations of the produced precipitation of Ni(OH)2 and titanium dioxide TiO2 powder (P‐25) in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle solutions. These nanoparticles were investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) to determine the crystallite size and the phase composition. Spectroscopic characterization of these nanoparticles was also done with UV‐vis and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. XRD patterns showed that NiTiO3 phase was formed at calcination temperature above 700°C. The UV‐vis results showed that the nanoparticles NiTiO3 have a significant absorption band shift to the visible region. The new absorption peak of 460 cm−1 at the lower frequency region of FT‐IR spectroscopy also indicated the Ti‐O‐Ni bond formation.


In information-based industries like insurance, the greater connectivity offered by the Internet offers significant opportunities for cost reduction, increased speed of response and improved supply chain cooperation. Capitalizing on these opportunities may depend upon the way that e-commerce business processes are integrated with existing business processes. This paper reports findings from case studies of three major UK-based insurance companies incorporating e-commerce within their business-to-business operations. It looks at four questions: (1) what are the key features of the business model adopted for clicks-and-mortar e-commerce; (2) to what extent are 'clicks' and 'bricks' business processes and information systems integrated; (3) how are companies managing the way that 'clicks' processes are integrated with 'bricks' processes; and (4) what are the key issues arising from the integration process? All three companies have had to contend with a conservative industry culture and a lack of industry sta...


Communication signal coverage and stability can hardly be assured in part of central and western China, where natural disasters happen frequently. Affected by these disasters, communication base station and optical-fibre circuit are easily ruined during disasters. It is necessary to build a set of emergency communication network, which can organize by itself and run without reliance of established fixed base station, in order to release accident information and implement rescue. The network can provide steady and continuous transmitting communication services, and is applied for emergency appeal and accident information release. This system integrates hardware and software, known as "Mobile Ad hoc Network Node for Traffic Accident Rescue and Relief, abbreviated to MAN2TAR2. Experimental results indicate that MAN2TAR2 system has the following functions: topology change, join in network automatically, continuing transmission, multi-hop routing. This system adopts the IEEE 802.11 protocol, which can provide dozens of mega transmission bandwidth for top application. The multimedia information of image, voice and video can also be transmitted after high compression.


The dynamical screening effects in the skin layer of a metal are investigated. The electric charge density near the metal surface induced by a moving charged body outside the metal is screened at the Thomas–Fermi length if the velocity parallel to the surface is smaller than the Fermi velocity. Crisis of screening is found at the velocity approaching the Fermi velocity, which results in the electric field penetration inside the metal at large distances, and in the distortion of the electric field distribution outside the metal. The energy dissipation from a moving charged body as a function of the velocity has a pronounced singularity near the Fermi velocity.


This paper proposes that the notions of frame and frame appropriation are useful tools for the study of control in organizations, as well as for the analysis of the connection between micro-level discursive activities and wider discourses that enable and constrain such activities. To date, most studies of framing and of wider discourses have proceeded independently of each other. An empirical study of bank employees' accounts of their responses to two different changes introduced by management indicates that employees frame their responses in part according to their individual capabilities and experiences; that employee frames show an alignment with managerial frames and institutional discourses that are unified and reified; and that employee frames exhibit both alignment and misalignment with managerial frames that are open to contestation. The study also indicates that institutional discourses can both constrain and enable employee resistance to managerial frames.


Vardenafil in health products was detected simultaneously by LC/MS and LC-MS/MS.Ethyl acetate was used as the extraction solution.Mobile phase was included 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate(pH 3.5)and acetonitrile.Agilent Zorbax SB C18(150 mm×2.1 mm×5 μm)and Agilent Zorbax SB C18(100 mm × 2.1 mm×3.5 μm)columns were used to separate the ingredients,and mass data were acquired with the ESI(+)mode.The method is simple,rapid and specific.It is suitable for routine detection of vardenafil in health product.


INTRODUCTION Aseptic loosening is the most common failure mode for Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA) and is considered to be associated with accelerated polyethylene bearing wear [1, 2]. This study aimed to evaluate three commercially available implant designs under loads associated with daily living. The hypothesis was that more recent designs (Discovery and Nexel) provide greater articular contact areas resulting in lower polyethylene stresses compared to the Coonrad/Morrey (CM). METHODS Motion tracking was performed on a healthy volunteer during elbow flexion at 0, 45, and 90° shoulder abduction because most daily activities occur with some shoulder abduction [3] resulting in varus stress about the elbow. This kinematic data was used in an OpenSim upper extremity musculoskeletal model [4] to estimate muscle and joint reaction loads with 5lb in hand, consistent with the common clinical restrictions following TEA. Computer aided assemblies of the smallest size implants for each system were imported to ANSYS for finite element analysis. Metallic components were treated as rigid and polyethylene components were modeled using a nonlinear elastoplastic constitutive model calibrated to material data. Articular contacts were frictional. Physiologic joint reaction forces and moments quantified in OpenSim were applied and the resulting peak articular contact area and peak bearing von Mises stresses were assessed. RESULTS Simulated deformation patterns of CM bearings corresponded well to those reported in retrievals studies [1, 2] supporting the clinical relevance of the modeling approach. Peak stresses for CM and Nexel were consistently found in the central and side bearings respectively. The central bearing stresses remained 2–2.6 times lower in Nexel compared to CM. Peak stress for all three TEA systems increased with shoulder abduction (Fig.1, 2). Highest peak stresses (Fig.2) were obtained in CM and consistently exceeded the polyethylene yield limit; CM showed the lowest contact area (Fig.3). Nexel and Discovery experienced peak polyethylene stresses 26–34% and 17–39% lower than CM respectively (Fig.2). DISCUSSION Our results support the hypothesis that newer TEA systems provide increased articular contact area and reduced bearing stresses during physiological loading. The cylindrical CM central bearing carries both the joint reaction force and moment leading to edge loading and high stresses (Fig.1). The design of the Nexel central bearing provides limited resistance to varus-valgus moment, thus transferring the moment to the side bearings and reducing central bearing stresses. The hemispherical Discovery bearing design was confirmed to offer a large articular contact area. However, non-concentricity of the contact spheres can lead to edge loading and high polyethylene stresses under off-axis forces. CM and Discovery utilize conventional polyethylene, whereas Nexel utilizes highly cross-linked Vitamin-E polyethylene. This study does not account for the increased wear resistance of Vitamin-E as compared to conventional polyethylene [5]. Long term clinical data are needed to demonstrate how these wear properties, as well as the geometric design which has been shown to impact stresses and contact patterns, translate to in vivo performance. For figures, please contact authors directly


CUTROFELLO, Andrew. All for Nothing: Hamlet's Negativity. Short Circuits Series. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2014. xiii + 226 pp. Paper, $22.95--This book is the most recent volume in the Short Circuits series, which is edited by Slavoj Zizek. In Zizek's words, the aim of the series is to explore a "major classic" through the "lens" of a minor or marginalized work, hoping to bring to light its "disavowed presuppositions and consequences." Lacanian psychoanalysis is typically the lens used to bring about such a short circuit. Although Cutrofello dutifully cites Lacan (especially in chapter one) and even Zizek himself, in some sense he playfully alters the aim of the series; for, in a way, this book is not really about Hamlet. Rather, it is about Hamlet. In other words, at least as I understand it, Cutrofello's ultimate intention is not to see Shakespeare's Hamlet through the lens of Lacan but rather to see the history of modern philosophy through the marginal--or at least spectral--lens of the character of Hamlet. Whereas T. S. Eliot famously said that the real problem of Hamlet was the play itself, for Cutrofello it is the case that "the character's the thing." But what is meant by "character"? The intriguing conceit of this book is that Hamlet can be understood not only as a literary character but also as a philosophical one. More precisely, Hamlet can be understood as what Cutrofello calls a "conceptual character," adapting the characterization of Nietzsche's Zarathustra by Heidegger, Deleuze, and Guattari. Conceptual characters are played by philosophers rather than actors, and they advance arguments rather than plots. Not every reference or use of Hamlet counts as such a philosophical performance. For instance, while Hintikka uses Hamlet merely as an arbitrary example, Schopenhauer endorses Hamlet's view of oblivion as a "consummation / Devoutly to be wish'd." In the latter case, Schopenhauer plays Hamlet; he becomes Hamlet. Thus, in the way that one may compare the Hamlets of Kean, Olivier, and Branagh, one may compare the Hamlets of Schopenhauer, Hegel, and Russell. Cutrofello does an excellent job of locating Hamlet in the "space of philosophical positions," that is, in the various performances of Hamlet which modern philosophers undertake. The book consists of a prologue, five chapters, and an epilogue. Each chapter explores a theme: the psychological theme of "melancholy" (chapter one); the epistemological theme of "negative faith" (chapter two); the existential theme of "nihilism" (chapter three, which is the strongest chapter); the practical theme of "tarrying" (chapter four); and the metaphysical theme of "nonexistence" (chapter five). …


Since the feature of resource requirement in Web proxy cluster is dynamic and resource requirement information is also hard to obtain,existing dynamic load balancing strategies are difficult to be applied in Web proxy cluster.A new self-adaptive load balancing strategy for Web proxy cluster is presented.The load model of proposed strategy can adapt itself to variation of task resource requirement feature dynamically.Therefore load status of system and load difference among nodes can be reflected more precisely.Experimental results show that the average response time of the presented strategy is about 15% to 20% lower than that of other load balancing strategies.


The current urban renewal programs in some developing countries, such as China, are at the expense of demolishing a huge number of existing buildings without distinction. As a consequence, the buildings' short lifespan due to premature demolition and resultant adverse impacts on environment and society have been criticized for not being in line with sustainable development principles. This study therefore examines impacts of urban renewal practices on buildings' lifespan by referring to a typical urban renewal region in western China -- the Gailanxi region of Chongqing city which is considered representative. Findings show in current practices, little consideration is given to the implications of building demolitions across economic, social and environmental horizons collectively. As a result, premature demolition due to requirements of urban renewal has been a major factor leading to the significantly short lifespan of buildings. This is against the core intention of implementing urban renewal, which is promoting sustainability of the cities. Particularly, buildings' short lifespan results in consequences against sustainable construction principles, such as energy and resources waste, construction waste generation, environmental pollution, and higher lifecycle costs of buildings. Furthermore, building demolitions without distinction lead to losses of valuable historic buildings. Therefore, the urban renewal process presents a paradoxical phenomenon: the promotion of sustainable construction versus buildings' short lifespan. The dominance of economic consideration in the decision-making on buildings is considered as the underlying reason to the paradox. The learned experience presented in this study should be built into the decision-making process for carrying out future urban renewal programs.


Genomic library with high-molecular weight inserts is an essential and powerful tool for genomic studies.An unbiased fosmid library of Porphyra yezoensis was constructed and characterized.The library comprised 23 040 clones with 100% recombination frequency.The range of insert size of most bulk of clones is from 28 kb to 40 kb and the average size is about 35 kb.Therefore,the library coverage is about 2.78 genome-equivalent.The theoretical coverage was verified by successfully screening out 4 randomly selected genes,18S rRNA,atpA,h2A and rbcL,once at least from the super pools which covered the whole library clones.No variations were observed by comparing the original clones with those of the hundredth generation cultivated successively,indicating the good fidelity and stability of the fosmid library.This study laid the foundations for gene cloning and genomic research in P.yezoensis.


Group care and home-like care are two typical perspectives to discuss about the children's education at children's home. We had a survey on the understanding of the caring environment of the staff working at children's home, mainly using photoes to communicate with the surveyed staff the key concepts such as "home-like", "ordinary" life "individuality" and "laxuary". We found, due to the pedagogical style employed by different children's homes, following differences among the staff's understandings:1) the staff at Taisha-style children's home pointed out the existence of a serious gap between the current environment and "home-like" and "ordinary" living environment, and they wished for a more "home-like" environment;2) the staff at Shousha-style children's home evaluated highly of Shousha-style care from their observation on the way children acted but wished for even a smaller environment for better results; 3) the staff at GH concluded that it has been offering effective education resulted from the smallness of its environment.


In this paper, a novel hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with respect to the both objectives of total setup time and cost is investigated. Since the problem is NP-hard, we focus on suboptimal scheduling solutions for the hybrid flow shop with unrelated parallel machines, sequence and machine-dependent setup time, eligibility constraint and release time. In this research, total sequence and machine-dependent setup time and cost are used as the objective functions. We present a multi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA) and an adaptive memory procedure (MOAMP) in order to find a set of non-dominated solutions. The problem solved with different number of jobs and stages using MOSA and MOAMP algorithms. Computational results showed that the proposed MOAMP approach is more effective and efficient than the simulated annealing algorithm in terms of reduced setup criterions for the attempted problem.


The flow category ofa Morse-Bott-Smale function fa: Gn(C) ) is shown to be related to the flow category of the action functional on the universal cover ofGn,n+k(C) via a group action. The Floer homotopy type and the associated cohomology ring of fA: Gn(Coo) --+ 1R are computed. When n this cohomology ring is the Floer cohomology of Gl.l+k(C). In (8) Floer definedcohomology groups associated to aperturbed action functional on the loop space ofa monotone symplectic manifold. In related papers Floer defined cohomology groups for the Chern Simons' functional on a 3-manifold (6) and for the intersection of Lagrangian submanifolds (7). Floer's cohomology groups were defined using infinite dimensional Morse theoretic techniques, but in several aspects his methods were fundamentally different from those in traditional infinite dimen- sional Morse theory. For example, the critical points in his theory all have infinite index (although the relative index between any two critical points is finite); also, the higher dimensional spaces of piecewise gradient flow lines in Floer's theory may be


Introduction During the last decades tourism has presented itself as more and more significant social phenomenon. Majority of theorists agree that that phenomenon is based on movement and consumption of people out of their place of residence, and all for satisfying recreation and cultural needs. Therefore, those relations connect tourism with economic and other activities. In such way they make a specific socio-economic phenomenon, characteristic interaction between material and spiritual life, i.e. a special component, but an important factor of modern civilization development as well. A great percentage of human activities happens in geographical space. The space is a frame for some of those activities, and for others a condition of development. For tourism, the space is both, frame and condition of development. More then any other activity, tourism is determined by spatial relationships. Jovičić(1989) says that it can be spoken "only about tourism in a certain area and about tourists from certain area". Physical space for geographers e.g. "nature" for more philosophically oriented authors, was the subject of researches and theoretical thoughts, even since ancient period. The relation human being – nature was the base of those researches. Talking about tourism, as a relatively new phenomenon, his influence on transformation of physical space (geographical environment) is the subject of more and more investigations in geography, ecology and other similar disciplines. There is a rich scientific and expert literature in the world. Most of researchers agree that the transformation of geographical space, influenced by tourism, has either positive or negative meaning (with numerous examples of both effects). We consider that, in axiomatic meaning, the problem of evaluation reduces to a maintaining level of development. Tourism can grow and develop and utilize the environment until the grade it starts to take advantages of it, e.g. the grade its "row material base" begin to disappear. However, the effects tourism has on space are nothing but the consequence of tourists' relation towards the space. That is why some of theorists of tourism are right saying that causes, i.e. the roots of effects of tourism on the space, should be searched in basic tourist space relations. These relations are transferred my means of planning and arrangement to different corresponding forms of spatial transformation. (Čomić, 1998: 20). As far as it concerned, the subject of our analysis, firstly will be different tourists' relations towards space, and then the influence of tourism, as a global phenomenon, on transformation of physical space.