Routing of sensor data has been one of the challenging areas in wireless sensor network, specially being in QoS routing. In this paper, a QoS routing algorithm (APAS) with adaptive parameters based on Max-Min Ant System(MMAS) Algorithm is presented. The performance of algorithm is improved by the adaptive pheromone and evaporation coefficient. Furthermore, to save energy consumption, the beamed broadcasting is introduced, the node of energy changed only need announce the necessary neighbors. The simulation for APAS shows that the improved algorithm can improve search QoS routing and extend network lifetime.


Supervisory Committee Dr. Leslee Francis Pelton, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) Supervisor Dr. Timothy Pelton, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) Departmental Member Dr. John O. Anderson, (Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies) Outside Member This mixed methods study is a program evaluation of Newfoundland and Labrador's Excellence in Mathematics Strategy commencing in 2007 with a curriculum review leading to the implementation of the Western and Northern Canadian Protocol Common Curriculum Framework in K-12 mathematics along with the implementation of numeracy support teachers in classrooms across the province. The goals of the Strategy were to improve student achievement with the curriculum change; to support teachers, students, and parents; and to encourage an increased interest and enthusiasm for mathematics. This study included a quantitative analysis of the provincial mathematics assessment results in Grades 3, 6, and 9 from 2007 to 2012 by comparing assessment items that were common to both the old and new curricula, and comparing results of items anchored in 2011 and 2012. Assessment results demonstrated inconsistent results on common curriculum items. Results of items anchored decreased in all grades in 2011 but items anchored in 2012 increased in all grades. Another quantitative analysis was conducted on the effect of numeracy support teachers (known elsewhere as mathematics specialists, coaches, or mentors) on students' mathematics achievement in schools having Grade 3 and 6 classrooms receiving numeracy support from 2007 to 2011. Schools with numeracy support in Grades 3 and 6 iv for four years were mostly lower-achieving schools and had achievement results move closer over time to schools receiving one or no years of support which were mostly higher achieving schools. Schools receiving support in both Grades 3 and 6 had the highest proportion of students moving from below standard to at/above standard on rubric-scored open-constructed response questions. A qualitative analysis was conducted of focus groups with numeracy support teachers and supported the quantitative analysis of the provincial assessment results. Numeracy support teachers shared their observations of teachers' unconventional assessment methods and students' increase in communicating, reasoning, problem solving, and strategizing about mathematics. Lower-achievers were more engaged in these classrooms and manipulative use in problem solving improved. Numeracy support teachers witnessed physical and attitudinal changes through planning, modelling, coteaching, and reflecting with teachers thereby helping change the culture of students' classrooms. The goal of numeracy support teachers to build capacity in their teachers through collaboration was evident in some classrooms as beliefs and habits were changing, but some were resistant.


Rotary kilns reburning lime sludge are an essential part of paper mill operation. Frequently operational problems are encountered related to the design of the burner. This paper discusses the calcination and combustion processes and shows that the latter is fuel/air mixing controlled while the rate of calcination is dependent on the rate of heat transfer from the flame to the product. The necessity of designing the burner to match the specific operating conditions for each kiln, in order to obtain the optimum results, is discussed and a technique for designing kiln burners using physical and mathematical modelling described. These techniques allow the burner to be designed so that the combustion performance precisely matches the process requirements of the kiln. A practical example including performance data which validates the modelling technique is given.


Data pre-processing. Following [40,47,64], the training data is augmented via random scaling followed by 224x224 random cropping, after which random flipping is performed on all datasets except for Sth-Sth V1&V2 and Jester. At test time, since we consider improving the inference efficiency of video recognition, we resize the short side of video frames to 256 and perform 224x224 centre-crop, obtaining a single clip per video for evaluation.


High-performance pentacene organic thin film Transistor(OTFT) with interface modification layer of polystyrene/chlorosilane composite material was developed.The AFM images show that the growth morphology of pentacene semiconductor film was affected by interface modification.The pentacene grains grown on modified SiO2 substrates with dimensions in the range of 200~400 nm are larger than those grown on bare SiO2 substrates which have sizes less than 150 nm.Large particle size can reduce intergranular interface so as to improve the electrical performance.The output and transfer curve,on/off current ratio,threshold voltage and field-effect mobility of the device were obtained by electric measurements.The transfer curve showed an on/off current ratio exceeding 106 with the off-current of about 10-10 A.The device with interface modification has a maximum field-effect mobility of up to 1.23 cm2·V-1·s-1,compared to the 0.0118 cm2·V-1·s-1 of OTFT on bare SiO2 substrate.


Simple Summary Many gliomas are located within highly eloquent areas of language processing, necessitating awake surgery. This study actually proves that the resection of such gliomas can also be performed without awake surgery in two out of three cases, due to preoperative non-invasive mapping by navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Functional and radiological outcome parameters were comparable in both groups. Moreover, we present and validate a newly developed literature-based classification system for language eloquence of brain tumors. Such a classification will enable determining and comparing the language-eloquence of tumor localizations clinically and scientifically, which has not been possible until today due to the heterogeneity of cerebral language and functional reorganization. Abstract Objective: A considerable number of gliomas require resection via direct electrical stimulation (DES) during awake craniotomy. Likewise, the feasibility of resecting language-eloquent gliomas purely based on navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) has been shown. This study analyzes the outcomes after preoperative nrTMS-based and intraoperative DES-based glioma resection in a large cohort. Due to the necessity of making location comparable, a classification for language eloquence for gliomas is introduced. Methods: Between March 2015 and May 2019, we prospectively enrolled 100 consecutive cases that were resected based on preoperative nrTMS language mapping (nrTMS group), and 47 cases via intraoperative DES mapping during awake craniotomy (awake group) following a standardized clinical workflow. Outcome measures were determined preoperatively, 5 days after surgery, and 3 months after surgery. To make functional eloquence comparable, we developed a classification based on prior publications and clinical experience. Groups and classification scores were correlated with clinical outcomes. Results: The functional outcome did not differ between groups. Gross total resection was achieved in more cases in the nrTMS group (87%, vs. 72% in the awake group, p = 0.04). Nonetheless, the awake group showed significantly higher scores for eloquence than the nrTMS group (median 7 points; interquartile range 6–8 vs. 5 points; 3–6.75; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Resecting language-eloquent gliomas purely based on nrTMS data is feasible in a high percentage of cases if the described clinical workflow is followed. Moreover, the proposed classification for language eloquence makes language-eloquent tumors comparable, as shown by its correlation with functional and radiological outcomes.


In this paper,the principal component analysis of the main index of national economy of Jiangsu province is discussed.According to the data of 13 cities in Jiangsu province,we deduce the dimensionality of the data set from 12 to 2 dimensions,and the first two principal components contains 87.5 percent of the total variance.


The appearance of blog has provided people with a virtual network situation where they can express themselves.Words in language,the fundamental tool for people to express themselves,are also symbols used in human communication.From the perspective of semiology,blog is a communication situation without any posture,just an integration of symbols,among which words are the basic ones with their own characteristics.People can achieve their aims of expressing the ego by using language.The remarkable characteristic of interaction is realized through languages in blog and,at the same time,the ego is also realized in this interaction.


Summary: The effects of enalapril and verapamil on glomerular protein content, fractional mesangial area and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. Two groups of 16 animals received enalapril maleate or verapamil to achieve normal blood pressure while a third untreated group remained hypertensive throughout the 3 month experimental period. Blood glucose levels were maintained at 6–10 mmol/L in each group. Creatinine clearance and 24 h urine protein were measured at second weekly intervals. Glomerular protein and other structural parameters were measured at the end of the experiment. Plasma angiotensin II (AII) and glomerular All receptors were also quantitated at the end of the experiment. At 3 months, proteinuria was lowest in the enalapril‐treated animals while creatinine clearance was lower in the treated groups than controls. Glomerular protein content (μg/glomerulus) was lower in the enalapril‐treated group than verapamil‐treated (P<0.01) or untreated rats (P<0.05). Kidney weight, GBM thickness and fractional mesangial area were also lowest in this group (P<0.001 compared to other groups). Glomerular All receptor number was comparable among groups when expressed as sites/glomerulus. the data suggest that enalapril reduces glomerular protein content independently of blood pressure control and that this effect corresponds with changes in mesangial area and GBM thickness.


Speech coding for secure mobile communication is a challenging task since encrypting the digitized speech signal adds overheads and randomizes the bit stream to a level where recovery of original signal becomes difficult. The commercially available speech coders are unbefitting for transmission of encrypted speech as it requires a low bit speech coding with preserved speech characteristics so that it can be transmitted over a bandwidth-limited channels with intelligible speech. In this paper, we present an efficient low bit-rate (1.9 kbps) speech coding technique to transmit encrypted speech over Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). Different speech characteristics such as pitch, energy and Line Spectral Frequencies (LSF) are extracted and preserved before compression and encryption speech. Empirical results show that the proposed speech coder can be used effectively in low bit rate applications such as secure voice communications.


Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has an independent impact on outcome, even after correction of all other variables in critically ill patients . AKI in ICU is often associated with different biochemical metabolic derrangements as a result of sepsis and non-renal organ system failure. Adequate informations are essential to develop effective measures to prevent and control morbidity and mortality. This study was done to detect AKI with their associated biochemical abnormalities and outcome among admitted patients in intensive care unit of BSMMU.
Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka, during the period of September 2015 to October 2016. A total of 105 patients who were admitted in the Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and intensive care medicine, BSMMU were included in this study. Patients who had pre-existing CKD, those on maintenance dialysis, with history of renal transplantation, Feature suggestive of chronic kidney disease were excluded. Baseline data were recorded accordingly. The study population was divided initially into two group (No AKI and AKI) then sub groups into risk, injury, failure and followed up till discharge or death.
Results: Incidence of AKI was 37.14%. Mean increase in Serum creatinine was 64.53%, 132.87% and 375.01% from baseline for risk, injury and failure respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed risk (20%) injury (6.67%) and failure (10.47%). Associated acid base disorder, electrolytes imbalance, hepatic dysfunction, haemotogical disorder and hypoalbuminemia were found statistically significant between two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that associated haematological abnormalities were positively correlated to the development of AKI. But among these no variables showed significant effect on RIFLE class population. Our study revealed overall morality is (53.8%). Mortality was highest in Failure class and most patients from risk class achieved renal recovery.
Conclusion: The incidence of AKI in critically ill patient is high. Associated biochemical changes should be addressed properly to minimize fatality. RIFLE classification for AKI might help in recruitment of patients for predicting prognosis.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 53-58


A new pseudoscorpion species, Allochthonius (Allochthonius) jingyuanus sp. n., is described and illustrated from Liupan Mountains, China. The hitherto unknown male of Allochthonius
(Urochthonius) brevitus Hu et Zhang, 2012 is described and illustrated.


Sn doped ZnO nanorods were grown on p-type silicon substrate using sol-gel method. Impedance spectroscopy of Sn doped ZnO nanorods were recorded under dark and UV conditions to study the frequency dependent electrical parameters such as impedance and conductivity for the Sn doped ZnO nanorods MSM structure in the range of 1 Hz to 10 MHz. The Nyquist plot of Sn doped ZnO nanorods showed two semicircle arcs that correspond to the distribution of the grain boundaries and electrode process. It was observed that with the exposure of UV light the 2 nd semicircle arc that represents the electrode process is reduced. The conductivity plot revealed that the UV enhances the conduction of the Sn doped ZnO nanorods. SEM image showed the densily packed nanorods on the surface of silicon substrate, whereas XRD revealed that the grown nanorods have c-axis orientation.


Semantic groups of idioms nominating a person according to his (her) relations to other people (society) in a comparative study, demonstration of American and Russian national and cultural features on the basis of these idioms' frequency of usage in a publicist text are described in the article.


Soybean isoflavones have important biological activities. Soybean and production of soybean have a lot of isoflavones.The research was mainly engaged in the constitution and structure of soybean isflavones, biological function and methodology ofabstraction, some kinds of factors affect amount of soybean isflavones: varieties, conditions of planting, conditions of preservationministries of seed, methodology of processing, soybean isflavones application in healthy foods. The condition of marketplace and itsprospective development were also discussed.


Objective To analyze the applications of proton pump inhibitors( PPI) in a comprehensive Three-A level hospital in Beijing from 2011 to 2013. Methods The variety,sales amount,DDDs and the average daily cost( DDDc) of PPI were analyzed statistically. Results The total amount of sales of PPI in the inpatient department during 2011-2013 showed a growing trend,and the proportion of proton pump inhibitors in all the medications increased year by year,from 1. 81% in2011 to 2. 31% in 2013. Esomeprazole rose significantly among the total,but the growth rate of omeprazole declined. From the DDDs ordering,the utilization of peroral dosage form of esomeprazole was higher in these three years,meanwhile,the growth range of omeprazole injection was comparatively larger. The peroral dosage form of pantoprazole and rabeprazole showed a declining trend in DDDs ordering. An investigation showed that utilization of PPI in surgery was growing year by year. Conclusion The incidence rate of peptic ulcer disease is rising,the first generation of proton pump inhibitors in clinical medicine still occupies a dominant position,but there is a trend that it is being replaced by second generation gradually. The clinical medicine on proton pump inhibitors( PPI) in the hospital is generally reasonable,but the use of drug in surgery should be standardized.


The protein structure prediction has been an active research area for the last 40 years or so. The technological progress in computational molecular biology during the last decade has contributed significantly to the progress we see today. The major goal of predicting protein structures underpins the correct assumption that three-dimensional structures confer protein function. The linear amino acid sequences must transform to non-linear secondary structures and then to tertiary and quaternary structures that are responsible for biological functions. Biological functions may remain similar or change in the related organisms through the evolutionary process. The theory of natural selection predicts that evolution occurs by tinkering but not by inventing (Jacob 1977). This means, deletions, mutations, or any other changes occurring in the linear ancestral protein sequence can cause changes in biological structure and function in the descendants. The problem is, structures and biological functions are highly redundant and they are conserved across the evolutionarily diverged organisms. It is not uncommon to have similar 3-D structures for proteins that show less than <30% sequence identity in the pair-wise comparisons, adding further complications to predictions (Rost 1999). Computationally, amino acid sequence is similar to a text string and that string algorithms rooted in computer science can handle structure prediction problem easily (Durbin et al. 2002). The most prominent break through in structure prediction research of the last decade can be attributed to refined architectures provided by two important machine learning methods: artificial neural networks (ANN) and hidden Markov models In this report, first I briefly review ANN-and HMM-based structure prediction methods covering literature from 1990 through 2002. Then, I present the results of applying four secondary structure prediction methods to predicting structures of three caspases that are responsible for apoptotic cell death in mammals. The Medline MESH search path for " protein conformation " along with " NN " or " HMM " is presented in Table 1. In this report, I will cover only the important ideas discussed in these and other relevant references. Artificial neural networks were originally developed to model human brain function. ANNs are parameterized graphical models consisting of networks with three prime architectures: recurrent, feed-forward and layered (Baldi & Brunak 2001). The recurrent architecture is more complex and it contains directed loops. The feed-forward architecture does not contain the directed loops. The layered architecture usually contains visible input and output layers and non-visible hidden layers. Feed-forward, layered architecture …


The triode type gun is intended for an rf accelerator with an injection energy of 50 keV. An oxide cathode of 8 mm diameter is used in the source. The cathode current is limited by the space charge and is controlled with the voltage applied to the grid electrode. The grid meshes are 0.6× 0.6 mm in size. The results of the beam self-consistent dynamics simulation are presented. The grid voltage dependence of the emittance has been studied.


Droplet number concentration (Nd) is a major parameter affecting cloud physical processes and cloud optical characteristics. In most climate models, Nd is usually assumed to be constant or a function of the droplet and aerosol number concentration (Na). Three types of cloud systems over Canada, namely Arctic clouds, maritime boundary‐layer clouds, and winter storms, were studied to obtain values of Nd as a function of temperature (T). The probability density function of Nd was also calculated to show the variability of this parameter. The results show that Nd reaches a maximum at about 10 °C (200 cm−3) and then decreases gradually to a minimum (∼1–3 cm−3) at about −35°C. A comparison of relationships between Nd and Na indicates that estimates of Nd from Na can have an uncertainty of about 30–50 cm−3, resulting in up to a 42% uncertainty in cloud short‐wave radiative forcing. This study concludes that the typical fixed values of Nd, which are ∼100 cm−3 and ∼200 cm−3 for maritime and continental clouds, respectively, and the present relationships of Nd to Na, could result in a large uncertainty in the heat and moisture budgets of the earth's atmosphere. It is suggested that the use of relationships between Nd and T can improve climate simulations. © Crown copyright, 2004. Royal Meteorological Society


In one of the most significant developments related to motor vehicle credit sale disclosures governed by Regulation Z,1 the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB) recently addressed how creditors must disclose the amount of negative equity resulting from a trade-in vehicle.2 Negative equity arises when the lien payoff on a trade-in vehicle exceeds the amount of the trade-in allowance.3 Given that negative equity is involved in approximately thirty percent of all motor vehicle credit sale transactions,4 dealers who originate credit sale contracts and the finance companies that purchase them may have to change their method of handling negative equity for a substantial portion of their business. Although the FRB may have clarified the disclosure picture for negative equity at the federal level, the picture at the state level remains clouded. This Article will first describe the revision to the FRB's Commentary to Regulation Ζ in connection with negative equity disclosures, discuss how this revision


The doping effects of Sm3+, Mo6+, and W6+ as a function of the dopant concentration on the microstructures and ferroelectricity of sputter-deposited Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) films on Pt/SiO2/Si(100) were studied. The Sm-doped BTO (BST) films with cation ratios of Bi:Sm:Ti = 3.35-3.55:0.8-0.82:3 showed the largest remnant polarization (2Pr) of 19 μC/cm2 at 200kV/cm. For the Mo-doped BST (BSTMZ) and W-doped BST (BSTWZ) films the 2Pr first increased with the Mo and W concentrations in the range of z = 0.005-0.03 and 0.005-0.01, respectively, and then decreased with the z larger than 0.03. Mo and W doping can induce two contrary effects on the 2Pr, i.e., reducing the amounts of oxygen vacancies and decreasing the grain size, which result in the improvement and degradation of 2Pr, respectively. The 2Pr and dielectric constant of BSTWZ films were in the ranges of 21-8 μC/cm2 at 200kV/cm and 225-250, respectively, both of which were somewhat smaller than those of BSTMZ films, correspondingly. These results may be ascribed to the diffusion of significant amount of W atoms into the Pt/BSTWZ interface and the Pt layer.


Legends were commonplace in medieval Christendom. Of course, most medieval Christians would not have considered the numerous tales of heroes, saints, and strange creatures that imbued their world to be legendary. The veracity of these stories was obscured because the subjects were removed from medieval Christians by time or space, and in many cases by both.

Keywords:

medieval christian legends;
legends, in medieval christendom;
"donation of constantine," 8th century fabrication;
the golden legend, collection of saints' lives;
benedictine house of St. Denis


We present a generative adversarial network-based system that faithfully colorizes black and white images without human intervention. Recent methods for such problems typically use per-pixel loss between the output and ground-truth images and the images generated using such loss lacks details. where as in "Perceptual losses for real-time style transfer and superresolution" [2] paper suggests the use of the perceptual loss function that generates high-quality images. We combine the benefits of both approaches. we have replaced pixel-loss function with perceptual loss function which gives visually pleasing results and used discriminative learning technique where we train first half of generator with lower learning rate as we are using pre-trained model and last half with higher learning rate which reduces the training time of generator. It's easier and faster to train a large number of samples of smaller images initially and then scale up the network by improving images to 220px by 220px from 64px by 64px. This is called progressive resizing [6]. it also helps the model to generalize better as is sees many more images of different shapes and less likely to be overfitting. Keywords— Generative Adversarial Networks, Transfer Learning, Progressive Resizing, Overfitting, Perceptual Loss Function


With the advent of 1992 European building services engineers will be looking at the possibilities of 'spreading their wings' and working in other countries. Calculation methods will come under close scrutiny. This paper shows how the heat losses for a reference room are calculated in four European countries. The basis of these calculations was the German DIN 4701 from 1959. This has been improved slowly over the years by Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. The CIBSE method was the fourth method to be compared. The results do not differ greatly but the approach is different for each method. The first conclusion is that it wil take a great deal of discussion before a uniform European code can be produced.


This note is a summary of how we can measure scholars' human capital after the retirement of theWorldCat Identities project on March 23, 2023. WorldCat Identities was previously providing us measures of scholars' output and recognition.


The purely leptonic neutral v μ e + vμe and charged current μe μ ve reactions have been investigated in Gargamelle exposed to the wide-band neutrino beam of the CERN SPS . Nine neutral current candidates of which 0 . 9 are expec ted to be background , were found in 64 000 semi-leptonic charged current events . Results are given in terms of vector and axial vector coupl ing constants . The present results agree with the standard SU(2) x U ( l ) model . The purely leptonic charged current reaction V e + μ-v has been observed for the first time ; a signal of 26 ± 6 events μ e has been found . This is 0 . 90 + 0 . 20 times the prediction of the V-A theory .


It is of great significance to admit new Chinese Communist Party members among college students.However,the contradiction between quantity and quality exists in recruiting new members.This paper advocates facing the existing problems,researching the causes,taking effective measures and doing a good job of recruiting new Communist Party members in the new times,thus training excellent talents for the national prosperity.


Under the background of economical globalization,we should standardize government behavior and set up a"government run on a commercial basis"of a steering nature for help from the market.It gives us a useful trial for governing the problem about government failure.


CS teargas is one of the most used tools for crowd-control worldwide. Exposure to CS teargas is known to have consequences on protesters health (i.e. eye, skin irritation, respiratory problems), but recent concerns have been raised over its potential gender-specific effects. Indeed, field and clinical observations report cases of menstrual cycle issues among female protesters following high exposure to teargas. The hypothesis of a link between teargas exposure and menstrual cycle issues is plausible from a physiological standpoint, but has not yet been empirically investigated. Using data from a cross-sectional study on Yellow Vests protesters health in France, we examined the relationship between exposure to teargas and menstrual cycle issues among female protesters (n = 145). Analyses suggested a positive link between exposure and menstrual cycle perturbations. These results constitute first and preliminary evidence that CS teargas may be linked with menstrual cycle among women, which need corroboration given the importance of this issue. We call for further research on the potential effects of CS teargas on womens reproductive system.


Providing background music system according to the present invention, background music, and when provided with a list of information of the background music, and receiving background music list information, background music, the background of a sound source and transmitting the detected background music corresponding to the music list of the information provider, the sound source When received from the provider provides the BGM list information for the background music can be a number of modes set for the BGM service and a call request signal is input by detecting a set BGM service mode to the background music list information corresponding to the set mode connecting the communication between the called mobile terminal, and the calling mobile terminal and the sound provider, and the calling mobile terminal and the called mobile terminal for transmitting a response signal in response to the calling mobile terminal, a call request signal sent to the sound provider, and a response from the called mobile terminal signal Upon receiving the transmission from a sound provider It consists of the background music to the mobile exchange, each transmission to the calling mobile terminal and the called mobile terminal. Portable terminals, call, background music, background music mode


[1] It has been proposed that the seismogenic zone of subduction thrust faults is primarily controlled by temperature or rock composition changes. We have developed numerical models of the thermal structure of the Mexico subduction zone to examine the factors that affect the temperature of the subduction thrust fault. Although the oceanic plates subducting beneath Mexico are young, the top of the oceanic plate at the trench is cool, because of the lack of a thick cover of insulating sediments. Marine heat flow observations suggest that hydrothermal circulation may further cool the oceanic plate. This results in a cool subduction thrust fault, where the brittle part of the fault extends to depths of over 40 km. At these depths, even slight frictional heating may have significant effects on temperature along the thrust fault, particularly for regions with a high convergence rate and shallow plate dip. With the addition of a small amount of frictional heating, the temperatures of the deep (30–40 km) thrust fault are increased by over 200°C. As the observed downdip limit of rupture in recent well-constrained megathrust earthquakes is confined to depths above the intersection of the thrust fault and the continental Moho, a temperature of 350°C may control the downdip extent of the seismogenic zone. Thus, in order to be consistent with the observed shallow rupture areas, it is necessary to include a small amount of frictional heating, corresponding to an average shear stress of 15 MPa.


Deltoid ligament ruptures are frequently associated with ankle fractures. Poor outcomes are associated with inadequate healing of the deltoid ligament. Repair of the deltoid ligament has potential to improve outcomes in a subset of patients with ankle fractures where medial ankle instability persists and medial ankle space remains wide even after the ankle fracture is stabilized. The deltoid ligament complex provides stability to the ankle joint. It resists translation of the talus within the ankle mortise especially in the posterior and in the lateral directions. In addition, it controls external and internal rotation. 1 The superficial fibers of the deltoid resist eversion of the hind foot, while the deep fibers of the deltoid serve as the primary restraint to external rotation of the talus. 2


A marine reserve, or marine protected area (MPA), enhances the health of the marine ecosystem, secures livelihoods, and improves community well-being. Despite successful implementation of reserves all over the world, little attention has been given to participation and cooperation between stakeholders in less known and small MPAs. This paper investigates fishers' perceptions of marine reserves in their communities, with an emphasis on the similarities and differences in their perceptions: (1) when their municipal governance is strong; (2) when their incomes are different; and (3) when they are members of non-government organisations (NGOs), or people's organisations (POs). Using survey data from 175 fishers in 5 coastal communities, north of the Province of Iloilo, fishers' perceptions were analysed regarding conflict between various stakeholders in reserves management, as well as their opinions regarding the level of participation in POs and in the overall improvement of coral reefs. Results of the study showed that improvement in the quantity and quality of coral reefs from establishment of marine reserves could be enhanced if fishers have higher incomes, are members of a people's organisation, or have less conflict with other fishers and their local government. Thus, attempts to improve local marine conditions through MPAs should address local participation and membership to NGOs/POs.


This paper outlines the problems faced by drivers in hot climates and recommends the setting up of a group of medical specialists to study these problems. Fatigue, brought on by hot air, is of particular concern. Various levels of fatigue are described and measures suggested to mitigate these effects. The protective clothing worn by motor cyclists, cyclists and moped riders although essential is generally considered to be too hot for the climate. Mitigating measures and research underway into this problem are outlined. Other problems caused by diseases specific to hot climates and the rapidity of motorisation are briefly discussed. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 856301.


Many proposed missions seek to advance the state of the art in spacecraft science imaging by utilizing precision dual spacecraft formation flying to form a virtual telescope (VT) with very long focal lengths (20 m to > 1,000 km). These missions require very precise alignment control and the determination of telescope pointing needed to enable science imaging is orders of magnitude better than instruments on a single spacecraft can provide. Another class of missions that has similar precision requirements is external occulter missions, where one spacecraft carries a large occulter and the other spacecraft carries an imager. Additionally, distributed aperture missions requiring greater than two spacecraft would also benefit from advancement in alignment control and determination as it gives them another metrology system. Aligning these two spacecraft with a target source along an inertial line of sight vector is called astrometric alignment. Precise alignment validation depends on an environment with micro-gravity disturbances and on solar lighting. A flight demonstration is the only credible approach to validate the dual spacecraft astrometric alignment system technology. The Virtual Telescope Demonstration Mission (VTDM) is a mission concept for a dual-spacecraft in-space demonstration of key technologies needed to develop a virtual telescope. VTDM's primary objective is to demonstrate the virtual telescope concept with an astrometric alignment system-based GN&C architecture for on-target precision navigation and control at separation distances of 10 to 100 m with alignment knowledge at the arcsecond level and alignment control at the arcminute level. Achieving on-target precision relative navigation and control requires multiple technologies. A spacecraft communication radio frequency (RF) crosslink capable of


For gape-limited predators such as snakes, maximum ingestible prey size is likely to influence the encounter rate of potential prey items and therefore presumably foraging success and fitness. In this study an attempt is made to measure the adaptive significance of head size variation in the adder Vipera berus. We examined the effect of individual variation in snake head length on swallowing performance, i.e. maximum ingestible prey mass, by providing captive snakes with different-sized prey and recording success and failure at swallowing. It was found that maximum ingested prey mass increased with snake snout-vent and head length. More importantly, when controlling for snout-vent length differences using multiple regression, ingestible prey mass increased with relative head length


We define an action of words in $[m]^n$ on $\mathbb{R}^m$ to give a new characterization of rational parking functions---they are exactly those words whose action has a fixed point. We use this viewpoint to give a simple definition of Gorsky, Mazin, and Vazirani's zeta map on rational parking functions when m and n are coprime, and prove that this zeta map is invertible. A specialization recovers Loehr and Warrington's sweep map on rational Dyck paths.


Purpose – The objective of this article is to understand how to optimize partnerships between the public and business sectors. It aims to use a reference group influence model to help identify which kinds of public services are best suited to this type of collaboration.Design/methodology/approach – Consumer data were collected in two stages using surveys. Data were analyzed using two‐sided paired t‐tests and a mixed factorial MANOVA. The model is validated in the two largest Hispanic consumer markets – Mexico and Spain.Findings – The paper finds that reference group influence has a greater impact on brand decisions for publicly consumed public services, and on service decisions for public services for which consumers pay extra. Reference group influence varies between contexts/countries.Research limitations/implications – Despite the economic, development and cultural differences between Mexico and Spain, countries with even greater differences, or additional countries, could have been included in the stu...


Background: Identification of patients at risk for severe disease early in the course of acute pancreatitis is an important step to formulating the management strategies for improving outcomes. Scoring systems designed for such assessment need critical evaluation regarding which and when to apply. Aims: To assess the efficacy of specific scoring systems like Ranson's score, Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) scoring, Acute Physiology Score and the Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), and Modified Computed Tomography Severity Index (MCTSI) to predict severity, organ failure, and complications leading to mortality in acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: Ranson's, APACHE II and BISAP scores were calculated within 24 h of admission. Ranson's score was evaluated also after 48 h of admission. CT scan was performed after a period of 48 h only if the clinical course was unpredictable, morphological changes were detected on ultrasound abdomen or on clinical suspicion. MCTSI was evaluated in such cases. Results: There were 48 patients with acute pancreatitis (89.6% male) of which 11 patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan. Six patients developed organ failure and were classified as severe acute pancreatitis. Three patients had died. Six patients had a BISAP score >3, 5 patients with Ranson's score >3, 3 patients with APACHE II >8 and MCTSI >2 was seen in 9 patients. Area under curve for BISAP, Ranson's, APACHE II, and MCTSI in predicting severity are 0.79 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.605-0.967), 0.79 (CI: 0.524-1), 0.94 (CI: 0-1), and 0.61 (CI: 0.286-0.936), respectively. Conclusion: We recommend that although APACHE II score is a better predictor of organ failure, BISAPS should be used for the identification of high-risk patients because of its simplicity. Ranson's score still holds its place in identifying patients at risk of developing severe acute pancreatitis and organ failure. MCTSI though did not perform well, but still helps to identify local and systemic complications without pancreatic necrosis. It also defines scope and extent of the surgical intervention.


Andrew Mays, MD, gave up music when he became a physician, but realized a dream come true when he won a prestigious amateur piano competition.


Combined with the new rural afforestation construction movement in Beijing,the necessity,planting principle and application in mountains,besides roads,along rivers,in tourism area,at courtyard and in public green space of colored-leaf plants were summarized.Aiming at solving the problems in colored-leaf plants afforestation projects,suggestions such as strengthening policy support,embodying new rural characteristic,emphasizing the operability in the planning and designing and strictly controlling the construction costs were put forward.


To prepare and maintain the optimal biodegradation conditions of wastewater discharged from a biodiesel fuel (BDF) production process with alkali–catalysis transesterification, rapid and simple methods were investigated to measure oil (carbon source of microorganisms) and urea (nitrogen source) concentrations and solids content (indicator of growth inhibition of microorganism) of the wastewater. Two non-destructive methods were investigated. First, physical properties of the BDF wastewater such as electric conductivity (EC), specific gravity (Sp.Gr.) and Brix values were measured and the values were analysed with multiple liner regression (MLR). Only solids content could be predicted by measured physical properties. However, adjustment of the C/N ratio of the BDF wastewater was also necessary to prepare the optimal condition for the microorganism growth in the wastewater treatment process. Therefore, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was applied to simultaneous, non-destructive and rapid measurement of the constituents of the wastewater. The dominant absorptions caused by oil, urea and solids material in the wastewater were observed at 1718, 2154 and 2286 nm, respectively. These were used as the first wavelength to formulate calibration equations, a MLR analysis was carried out between the NIR spectral data and the values of conventional analyses, such as hexane extraction, enzymatic and oven-drying methods, in the calibration sample set (sample number, n = 50). To validate the calibration equations obtained, the predicted values of the oil, urea and solids in the validation sample set (n = 40), which was not used for formulating the calibration equations, were calculated using the calibration equations. Good agreement was observed between the values of the conventional analyses and the values predicted using NIR; the multiple correlation coefficients of determination (r2) for the validation equations for oil, solids and urea were 0.993, 0.877 and 0.960, respectively. Prediction of the solids content of the BDF wastewater using EC and Brix values is also possible with the handy EC and Brix meters which are inexpensive and easy to handle. However, these do not allow total management of the BDF production and BDF wastewater treatment processes. On the other hand, the NIR method is potentially suitable for automated process management of a BDF wastewater treatment system.


The article explores the impact of European Union (EU) planning policies on southern Europe, by comparing the experiences of the Mediterranean member states (France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain). It is argued that the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) and the other EU-led planning instruments have generated important changes in the domestic patterns of south European spatial planning systems. These transformations are not the product of a forced compliance to EU models but the outcome of complex socialization and learning processes enabling domestic actors to experience new ideas and practices and to adapt their methods and strategies accordingly. In this sense, they can be read as a process of cultural innovation within southern European planning traditions that promotes European integration by accommodating national diversity.


The nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium robustum was detected, isolated and identified for the first time in Brazil, in May 1999, at the Departamento de Fitossanidade of the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus of Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, and its potential as a biological control agent of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) race 3 was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Details of the capture structures such as adhesive nets, size, septation and conidia shape, as well as nematodes captured were documented. Monacrosporium robustum produces hyaline mycelium and the capture structures are adhesive branches that rise vertically from the hyphae, averaging 10 µm in height and 5 µm in width. A gelatinous substance is freed from these structures when in contact with nematodes, capturing them. The conidia of the fungus are hyaline, fusiforme with two or four, and sometimes five, septa. The young conidia does not have septum. In laboratory, 100% of the eggs and second stage juveniles of H. glycines and the active forms of Panagrellus sp. were captured in 72 h of exposure of these nematodes to the fungus.


In this paper, we discuss the relationship between mediator-based systems for service discovery in multi-agent systems, and the technique of query routing used for resource discovery in distributed information systems. We then construct a model of the query routing task which we use to examine the complexity and scalability characteristics of a number of commonly encountered architectures for resource or service discovery.


This article reveals the important work of Maximina Pilar Diaz-Penalver and Colino, a professor of Philosophy Institute of Isabel the Catholic, which in 1957 was able to present a draft Cabinet Orient who dazzled the board of that institution, to the point if approved and implemented under his leadership, overcoming barriers of their status as women. With his tenacity and high capacity, this teacher was able to introduce a new system that not only was aimed at measuring the ability of students, but trying to put all means of psycho-time in the service of those who had higher learning problems and even kind of personal, emotional and family.


Story telling, an old popular custom belonging to oral tradition, has been rescued by education as a way to develop oral and written language. Speech-language pathology, as a sector concerned with the improvement of communication, has been acting with professionals who use spoken voice as a work instrument, among these, the educators. The aim of this work is to evaluate and to improve the experience of Speech-language pathology work with story tellers-educators. The study consisted of stages: 1) constitution of the theory of story telling, education and speech-language pathology; 2) evaluation of the effectiveness of two experiences of speech language pathology intervention on story tellers; 3) reorganization of the intervention proposal emphasizing the formation of the educator-story teller; 4) implantation of the reformulated proposal; 5) considerations about the definition of the speech-language pathology performance for the educators-story tellers. The results obtained demonstrated the importance of information on vocal health and on the use of vocal resources for story telling. The aspects of the formation pointed out by educators as the most important contribution were: information about the attention with vocal health, integration body-word-looking and work with modulation. The educators have discovered themselves as oral narrators and story tellers, feeling liberated from the support of the book and, thus, propitiating to the student more direct and more significant interaction. We can conclude that speech-language pathology has effective contributions to the educator-story tellers, and that it is important a direct intervention to the practice of story telling.


China and India have distinctly different economic systems -the former follows a socialistic economic model lately opening up to westernized or capitalistic ideas such as competition, while the latter, a mixed economy consisting of both public and private sector industries liberalizing during the last decade -but they are at a comparable level of industrialization and economic development, with India trying to catch up and surpass China's rapid growth, specially in the manufacturing sector. India, with limited domestic petroleum resource and a large population yet to cross a threshold level of per capita energy consumption, is undergoing increasing strains on its limited, poorly maintained but rapidly growing physical infrastructure, so vital for the optimal functioning of the increasingly global supply chain for products and services. China is more generously endowed with petroleum, coal and hydro energy resources, but there is strong evidence now that its industrial performance in future will be heavily constrained by the shortage of energy. Both India and China are trying to enter into long term petroleum exploration and supply contracts around the world, especially in the developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Comparative assessment of efficiency in energy use in major industrial sectors between India and China, the objective of this paper, would be useful in our understanding of the constraints to rapid industrialization and economic growth in these two countries and their role in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases responsible for global climate change.


Significance Plasmodium parasites have two distinct intracellular growth stages inside the mammalian host—the first stage, which is clinically silent, in liver hepatocytes, and the second, which causes the symptoms of malaria, in red blood cells. This study reports the discovery of a class of antimalarial compounds called torins, which are extremely potent inhibitors of both intracellular stages of Plasmodium. We show that torins block trafficking of liver stage parasite proteins to the physical host–parasite interface, called the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), and that without continuous trafficking of PVM-resident proteins, the parasite is subject to elimination by its host hepatocyte. Residence within a customized vacuole is a highly successful strategy used by diverse intracellular microorganisms. The parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) is the critical interface between Plasmodium parasites and their possibly hostile, yet ultimately sustaining, host cell environment. We show that torins, developed as ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors, are fast-acting antiplasmodial compounds that unexpectedly target the parasite directly, blocking the dynamic trafficking of the Plasmodium proteins exported protein 1 (EXP1) and upregulated in sporozoites 4 (UIS4) to the liver stage PVM and leading to efficient parasite elimination by the hepatocyte. Torin2 has single-digit, or lower, nanomolar potency in both liver and blood stages of infection in vitro and is likewise effective against both stages in vivo, with a single oral dose sufficient to clear liver stage infection. Parasite elimination and perturbed trafficking of liver stage PVM-resident proteins are both specific aspects of torin-mediated Plasmodium liver stage inhibition, indicating that torins have a distinct mode of action compared with currently used antimalarials.


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: three main aspects of invention include: provision of report in response to request of optimal communication speed, provision of signals transmission for delivery with reduced delay and provision of protocol data blocks format "MAC-e PDU" for control information, transmission of signals for delivery with reduced delay may be considered as the main improvement, while two other aspects may be considered as additional improvements. EFFECT: improved system of high-speed batch communication along upperlink. 16 cl, 6 dwg


A simple dipole-like antenna with small size has been proposed for sub-6GHz applications. The proposed antenna is fed by microstrip line, and it is realized by using a semi-circular ring patch connected with meander lines. The resonance frequency can be controlled by the dimensions of the circular ring and the length of the meander line. The performance is verified in the HFSS, and the results demonstrated that the antenna has a bandwidth of 300MHz and a good omnidirectional radiation pattern, which can be used for 4.8–5GHz sub-6GHz communication applications.


This paper proposes a new decision making approch based on quantitative possibilistic influence diagrams which are extension of standard influence diagrams in the possibilistic framework. We will in particular treat the case where several expert opinions relative to value nodes are available. An initial expert assigns confidence degrees to other experts and fixes a similarity threshold that provided possibility distributions should respect. To illustrate our approach an evaluation algorithm for these multi-source possibilistic influence diagrams will also be proposed. Keywords—influnece diagram, decision making, graphical decision models, influence diagrams, possibility theory.


bearing of this Bartonella canis infection is at present obscure, and Wills and Stewart intend to observe the effect of splenectomy in monkeys in this regard. Bartonella is believed to be a protozoan organism, and is found in Oroya fever, which is characterized by a severe progressive anremia. Wills and Stewart remark that in any case even if a protozoan parasite were proved to infect certain of their laboratory monkeys, it would not invalidate their work, which merely sets out to establish the value of the rhesus as a comparable animal to man in the study of aneemia. But, as they remark, the whole question of the bearing of diet upon immunity is involved, and there are many interesting possibilities in future work directed along these lines.


In recent studies in this laboratory, the amperometric method has been applied for the successive determination of cerium and iron [1] and a number of other elements in their binary mixtures [2–3]. In the present investigation this method has been extended for the estimation of mixtures of cerium and vanadium or cerium and molybdenum, using ascorbic acid as titration reagent.


This chapter explores the potential for adopting a children's rights-based approach when dealing with issues relating to children impacted by parental incarceration in Ireland. It argues that the adoption of such an approach allows for the development of policies and services that are rooted in respect for justice and dignity. The extent to which children's rights are understood by staff within the Irish Prison Service (IPS) is also explored, as well as the possibility of a more instrumental approach to family visits. The purpose is therefore to highlight the need for criminal justice agencies and policy makers to directly acknowledge the rights of children with a parent in prison and, in turn, for them to develop policies that uphold those fundamental rights independent of the rights and interests of their parents. In this way, the chapter explores the role of rights in relation to prisoners' families.


For Romania, the EU accession and the European symbols – such as the EURO currency – represent both the integration into a strong and efficient economic system, but also the guarantee for real democratic values. Romania has expressed a real and strong attachment for the European Union, its symbols and values. The focus of this paper is directed towards the actual economic and monetary situation in Romania, on its way to the single European currency. Economic conditions have generally improved, but some problems still persist. Reality is now different considering the inflation growth and the important deviation from the target, and recently, the exchange rate fluctuation and the national currency devaluation. Romania has had a unfavourable history concerning inflation and even exchange rate matters. The situation is unfortunately not yet stabile, inflation is still an important issue, the exchange rate is still fluctuant, and the National Bank of Romania is still confronted with the situation of having to deal with monetary problems, but which in fact have an economic and productive explanation and cause. Finally benefits and costs of the EMU accession for Romania are sinthetized and explained according to the previous description of the economic and monetary situation


Objective:To improve the diagnosis and differential diagnosis rate of pineal region tumors.Methods:The MRI findings of 18 pineal region tumors are retrospectively analyzed.Results:4 cases were geminoma,3 cases were teratoma,1 case was choriocarcinoma,4 cases were glioma,2 cases were meningiomas,pineoblstoma,neuroblastoma,dermoid cyst and arachnoid cyst each had one case.It maybe very difficult if we diagnosed only through MR signals.Due to the multitude origin of histology,we can diagnose through some special signals,such as adipose,cystic degeneration,hemorrhage and implant dissemination.We can also combined with clinical examination which is help to differential diagnosis.Conclusion:The position and appearance of the pineal region tumors can be clearly displayed on MR.The MR findings of every kind tumor had no specificity.The special signal could help diagnosis and differential diagnosis.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: intraocular lens systems can consist of two or three components. The first component is ring-shaped and has an "I"-shaped form in section with a forward ring groove and a back ring groove. The second and the third components possess optical force and contain a set of haptic elements, which have such sizes to take places within a back ring groove. EFFECT: application of the given lens systems allows to reduce area of turbidity of back capsule and to regulate optical force of lenses. 17 cl, 9 dwg


Effect of different factors on the extraction of lycopene from Blakeslea trispora with microwave was studied. The optimum condition was obtained by orthogonal experiment. When microwave radiation power was 400 W, frequency of whisk was 78 r/min, extraction time was 10 min, ratio of material and solvent was 80∶1(mL/g), the number extraction stage was 2, using n-hexane as extraction solvent could extract lycopene from Blakeslea trispora effectively.


One field experiment was carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at a Private Farm at Sohag Governorate, to study the effect of two cultivars (Balady and Sids 40) and three plant densities (one, two and three rows in ridge) on growth, yield and bulb quality of garlic, these treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates, garlic cultivars were arranged in the main plot, while plant densities were arranged in the sub plot. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: The interaction between Balady cultivar and planting in one row/ ridge recorded the tallest plants in both seasons. The percentages of dry matter of both leaves/plant and bulb, both bulb diameter and weight as well as clove weight were the highest with the interaction between Sids 40 and planting in one row/ ridge in both seasons. While, the highest total fresh (15.96 and 14.03 ton/fed.) and cured yield (10.02 and 8.80 ton/fed.) were obtained with the interaction between Sids 40 cultivar and planting in three rows/ ridge in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively, this treatment recorded relative increases in total fresh yield /fed. were about 56.31 and 58.89 % and total cured yield /fed were about 40.33 and 43.08 % over the interaction between Balady cultivar and planting in one row/ ridge. in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively. Conclusively, under the conditions of this study, cultivated garlic cv Sids 40 in three rows / ridge for the best interaction treatment for increasing the productivity of garlic yield under Sohag climatic conditions.


The research work on low order vibration characteristics of plates with covering layer is presented.The covering layer and the plate are treated as laminar plate,which is modelled by 4-node Mindlin plate element in numerical analysis of natural vibration characteristics.In order to obtain appropriate method to compute the natural vibration frequency of structures with covering layer,various thicknesses of plate and covering layer are considered.Comparison is made between laminar model and simplified method of equivalent mass of covering layer.Moreover,fifteen specimens of 3 plate thicknesses and 5 covering thicknesses are tested.The results of measurements and numerical simulations are compared so as to estimate the accuracy of the simulations.The work presented provides a basis for the selection of vibration analysis methods for plates with covering layers.


Mathematical modeling of Japanese encephalitis (JE) disease in human population with pig and mosquito has been presented in this paper. The proposed model, which involves three compartments of human (Susceptible, Vaccinated, Infected), two compartments of mosquito (Susceptible, Infected)
 and three compartments of the pig (Susceptible, Vaccinated, Infected). In this work, it is assumed that JE spreads between susceptible class and infected mosquitoes only. Basic results like boundedness of the model, the existence of equilibrium and local stability issues are investigated.
 Here, to measure the disease transmission potential in the population the basic reproduction number (R0) from the system has been analyzed w.r.t. control parameters both numerically and theoretically. The dynamical behaviors of the system have been analyzed by using the stability
 theory of differential equations and numerical simulations at equilibrium points. A numerical verification of results is carried out of the model under consideration.


The work pass in review a few basic concepts found in quality management focusing on operational aspects of quality assurance in production activity and continue with issues regarding total quality strategy, the vector of competitiveness on the market.


out. 'l'lrere is no changc in tlre colour or Patterlt, except that the mediodorsal line becomes somewhat more promiuetrt, and the spiracular line appears to cross the incisrtres. Length a day or trvo after the fourth noull, r4 mm. Finttl Stage.(Plate 9, .figs. z and 3, mature larva x 3.) Not differing from preceding stage, the general effect oI the stripes being a striking example of protective coloration, alternate lines of white and pale green on a dark green background being rvell calctrlated to render the larva inconspicuous as it rests among the clLrstered pine-needles. During the last trvo instars the latero-dorsal white stripes become tinged rvith yellow, rvhich may deepen to a decided orange. Unlike the congeneric caterpillars, the markings do not disappear as the time for pupalion approaches. Leneth rvhen feeding h:rs stopped, I7 to 20 mm. Duration offourth and fifth stages togethe'i, rc to r8 days, at least two days being spent upon tlre final mat. Lengt/t of Latuat Iife.-'l'he shortest span from egg to chLysalis was z7 days ro l.tours I the longest, 38 days I the average for r z larva, 3o days. Pu/alion.-'lhe caterpillars seek the ground as the tirnefor pupation approacbes, and turn to chrysalids amoDg the ieaves. The C/trltstt/is.-(P1rte g, fi1. 4, dolsal aspect ; fig. J, lateral aspect x 8.) I am unable to flnd any character wirich will serve to distinguish tlre chrysalis of ni4/ton from that of irus or augustus. As a ru1e, it is very dark above, the wing-cases somewhat ruddier, the whole surface heavily sprinkied with blacli spcts and irregular blotches, variable in size and arrangement, and affording no clue to the species of the enclosed insect. The "slender dorsal ridge" is a variable quantity sometitres present, but more often not,


A diversion of raw material from wood to bamboo is necessary. In vitro culture of bamboo can be used to provide a high number of seedling. The aim of this study was to increase the multiplication of a high quality B ambusa balcooa as a wood alternative material. Part of plants used was the sterile axillary shoot. The explants were planted on MS0 medium for 2 weeks and later on multiplication medium MS+0.3 mg/l BAP + 0.3mg/l TDZ. The shoots obtained were fragmented into clusters (3-5 shoots) used for the next multiplication stage using five different medium formulas: (1) MS0; MS containing: (2) 0.1 mg/l BAP, (3) 0.3 mg/l BAP, (4) 0.1 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l TDZ and (5) 0.3 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l TDZ. The results showed that MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l BAP + 0.1mg/l TDZ was the best medium for B. balcooa propagation. The shoots produced from aforementioned medium had a better quality compared to the other medium. Forty days after planting, the average number of shoots in this medium was 14.25. MS medium containing 0.3 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l TDZ produced the highest number of shoot but in lower quality. Rooting medium containing 10 mg/l IBA + 5 mg/l NAA produced 9-16 root in 8 weeks. Vermicompost was more prevalent for the acclimatization of B. balcooa compared to compost. The use of B.balcooa resulted in in vitro propagation as a substitute alternative for wood is expected to save the environment from illegal logging.


In this work the evolution of the foreign Spanish trade of cork products during the 1849-2000 period is analysed, using the Estadistica del Comercio Exterior de Espana. This analysis sets up important changes in the cork business from the Industrial and commercial point of view, emphasizing the concentration of the industrial activity in the Iberian Peninsula, the importance acquired by the import trade in the last quarter of the 20th century, and the return to the cork stopper, after frustrating the diversification process of the cork industry and trade initiated in the first years of last century.


We have examined and compared the effects of monovalent and divalent cation salts on dihydrostreptomycin (DSM) action against Mycobacterium smegmatis. The Sauton synthetic liquid medium used was supplemented with test salts on the basis of ionic strength (μ). Turbidimetric growth experiments showed that 0.02 M MgSO4 (μ = 0.08) prevented growth inhibition by 0.1 μg of dihydrostreptomycin per ml, but 0.02 M NaCl (μ = 0.02) did not. However, at molarities equivalent to μ = 0.08, four monovalent cation salts, including NaCl, Na2SO4, NH4Cl, and (NH4)2SO4, all prevented inhibition by dihydrostreptomycin. When magnesium and sodium salts were compared at μ = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.05, two distinct growth protective patterns were seen. These data were indicative of two different mechanisms of dihydrostreptomycin antagnosim by salts; the first being divalent cation and concentration dependent, and the second being nonspecific and ionic strength dependent. Viability studies supported the existence of two mechanisms.


Room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber is significantly engaged for high voltage outdoor insulation for its superb hydrophobic and pollution flashover performance. However, it tends to degrade in form of carbon tracking and erosion due to severe ohmic heating and dry band arcing activities on its surface. This work reports the physical carbon tracking and r.m.s leakage current along with electrical field distribution results. RTV 615 and alumina fillers with size of 50 nm were used for the synthesis of test samples in this research. The inclined plane test (IPT) experimental setup was built according to IEC Std. 60587. The HVAC was applied according to protocol 2 of the standard. The experiment was started with initial stress of 3.0 kV with a contamination flow rate of 0.3 ml per minute and it was increased by 0.25 kV per hour. Results suggest that electric field stress was higher along the tapered section of the contamination solution. Moreover, RTV silicone rubber nanocomposites exhibit lower tracking length and it is linearly decreased with alumina increasing contents. Furthermore, a consistent trend is observed in r.m.s leakage current results. It is concluded that 10wt% emerged as a promising candidate in term of tracking and leakage current results relatively.


The development of Nigeria's mining sector has been slow despite its huge potentials. To reinvigorate the seemingly comatose sector, successive administrations have taken initiatives aimed at addressing the challenges besetting its development with varying degrees of successes. This paper examines the potentials of the mining sector and the challenges that have militated against its rapid development and posits that the Road Map for the Growth and Development of the Nigerian Mining Industry 2016 adopted by the Government appears to have adequately identified the challenges as well as articulated appropriate strategies to address them. The paper therefore calls for the sustenance and improvement on the strategies adopted in the Road Map to ensure outcomes that will stimulate the growth and development of the mining sector.


The properties and application of automated container terminal with analyses and comparison of its constitution and properties as well as related development of automated guided vehicles has discussed in this paper.


The effects of the thyrotropini-releasing hormone analogue, Nα - [{(S)-4-oxo-2-azetidinyl} - carbonyl] - L - histidyl - L prolinamide dihydrate (YM-14673), on extacellular levels of dopamine, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the dorsal and ventrolateral parts of the striatum were studied in freely moving rats using in vivo microdialysis. Local injection of YM-14673 (0.1 μg/0.5 μl) into the dorsal striatum through a cannula secured alongside a microdialysis probe produced a 36% increase in dopamine efflux, whereas the treatment did not significantly affect extracellular levels of DOPAC and HVA. A similar injection of YM-14673 into the ventrolateral striatum produced a 46% increase in dopamine efflux and a slower-onset gradual increase in both DOPAC and HVA levels. The results suggest that the dorsal and the ventrolateral parts of the striatum are differentially involved in the effects of YM-14673 on striatial dopamine release.


The first hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane cage compounds with trifluoromethyl and azide groups, as well as those with fluorine atoms in the 3- and 4-positions, have been prepared and fully characterized. A study of the substituent influence on the benzene ring regarding the formation of the hexaazaisowurtzitane polycycle in either the 2- or 4-position with CF(3), F, and N(3) revealed an interesting difference. In all cases with CF(3), F, and N(3) substituents in the 4-position, the corresponding hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitanes were isolated. The corresponding hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitanes were also formed when these substituents were in the 2-position; however, in addition with azide in 2-position a novel type of polycycle was isolated and identified. (15)N NMR data and crystal structures of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane derivatives were obtained and are discussed in detail.


Research has shown existence of chaos in heart movements.In this paper,we discuss the calculation of the largest Lyapunov exponents(LLE) of the nonlinear time series,and use the C-C method to estimate time delay and embedding dimension to reconstruct the phase spaces.We use the Wolf method to calculate the LLE.We present a way to optimize the exponents using a mean value method.Different heartbeat signals are studied,and their LLE calculated.The signals analyzed including healthy heartbeats,split of second heart sound,mitral incompetence,and abnormal aortic shrinkage.The results reveal nonlinearity and chaotic characteristics in the dynamic heart movement.The LLE results show that healthy heart has more obvious chaotic movements than abnormal hearts.


To construct harmonious cultural is one of the most important task of constructing the harmonious society.In the article the author has emphatically discussed the harmonious cultural basic connotation and its modern characteristic.The author has analyzed the harmonious cultural construction's great significance,its contradictory performance and its influence on the harmonious society.In order to strengthen the harmonious cultural construction,we should hold on to the correct principle and grasp the key point,and simultaneously persist in taking the science theory as the instruction,manifesting "humanist" the humanities spirit,cultivating the harmonious society's cultural idea,constructing a healthy and coordinated progressing cultural system,and to build the harmonious cultural atmosphere.


For the need of data acquisition of general NC device in cooperative services,this paper researches a method of collecting data from general NC device directly and transmitting these data to a remote data access platform of NC device.When this method is applied to a machining center,the result shows that it could achieve real-time monitoring of machining center through network.


In the study of carbon steel pipe API 5L-X65 used a sample chamber with specimens of the three-point loading are CO2 and H2S environment saturated in acetic acid solution, there will be events of corrosion phenomena. While the phenomenon of corrosion that occurs is stress corrosion cracking (SCC), is an event of the formation and crack propagation in metal pipes occur simultaneously between the stress acting on the material to a corrosive environment (sweet gas). When the piping oil and gas lines will be a problem, because the oil and gas industry can inhibit the production process. When sweet gas at high pressure will lead to stress corrosion cracking and will result in the pipe was ruptured. From the research that different samples with the same deflection in exposure time is different then the corrosion rate quadratic polynomial form, and samples with the same exposure time but different deflection turns the greater the deflection, the corrosion rate will increase. The result is that the samples of carbon steel pipe corrosion stress cracking corrosion either transgranular or intergranular corrosion based on analysis of microstructures. And the depth of crack 0.0558 mm, 0.231 mm and 0,06237mm for treatment of exposure to the same time with different deflection. And based on the SEM-EDX that carbon steel pipe API 5L-X65 already contained triggers the occurrence of corrosion, namely because of the presence of liquid trapped, forming a void.


The study,depending on the 3d image measurement method,collects the kinematical data of the outstanding snatchers and the average ones in order to quantitatively understand the technical characteristics of excellent snatchers.Comparative analysis reveals that: The distance between the center of gravity of excellent athletes' "people/bar" is obviously smaller than that of the average ones;Excellent athletes can maintain the center of gravity of "people/bar" better and keep it within the range of the bearing surface;Outstanding athletes can show bigger movement speed and tension when lifting the barbells.So it can be believed that these three aspects can be refered to as the important evidence to evaluate the athlete's snatch techniques.


Walter S. Judd was awarded the 2011 Asa Gray Award at the annual meeting of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists (ASPT) in St. Louis, Missouri, a fitting tribute to a scholar who can trace his academic lineage to Asa Gray himself (Clark and Donoghue 2005). Clear parallels can be seen between Walt's career and Asa Gray's: like Gray, Walt has made outstanding contributions to plant taxonomy, phytogeography, and floristics; he is an excellent teacher; and he has written a highly regarded and influential textbook. Walt's research is characterized by his clear passion for and thorough understanding of the plants that he studies. His nearly 200 publications range from species descriptions (of which there are dozens) to floristic inventories to phylogenetic analyses and phylogenetically based monographs. Walt has made tremendous contributions to our understanding of Ericaceae and Melastomataceae, but his insights into plant morphology are not confined to these groups. His knowledge of unique and distinguishing features spans angiosperm phylogeny, as anyone who has worked with him or has taken a class from him can attest. Walt was born in in 1951 in Fairbanks, Alaska, but his parents soon moved to southern Michigan, and he grew up in rural Shiawassee Co., developing a strong interest in natural history. He became fascinated with the diversity of living organisms in grade school, and soon converted an unused chicken coop into a "museum" (with displays of rocks, fossils, pressed leaves, pinned insects, and bones of various vertebrates). Walt began his career in systematics as an undergraduate at Michigan State University. Initially, he majored in biology, but after taking a course in plant diversity (taught by then graduate student, Garrett Crow) he switched to botany, and focused on plant systematics after taking an introductory plant taxonomy course from John Beaman (the recipient of the 2004 Asa Gray Award). As with so many other undergraduates at Michigan State (Clark and Donoghue 2005), John's ability to create an intellectual environment that fostered undergraduate research and interactions with graduate students was a key factor in Walt's decision to pursue a career in plant systematics. Almost immediately Walt found himself with an office in the herbarium, teaching a laboratory section in introductory plant taxonomy, and drawn into the intellectual and social activities of the Beal-Darlington Herbarium. Walt graduated in 1973, receiving the Ernst Bessey Award from the Botany Department, and the Board of Trustee's Award from the university (given to the top three graduating seniors). Walt's interest in the Ericaceae began at Michigan State; his first exposure to ericads came from an undergraduate trip to a kettle-hole bog and through fieldwork in northern Michigan as part of a plant collection project. John was


Japan is now facing serious problems such as rapid depopulation and a super-aging society. Therefore, it is indispensable to revitalize local communities in Japan. In this study, we model a community as a system composed of humans, "Mono," and "Koto" as its elements, and their relationality. In Japanese, "Mono" denotes tangible and physically perceived thing/entity, and "Koto" denotes intangible and cognitively conceived thing/entity. Focusing on the importance of relationality, we have introduced the concept of relationality assets and proposed the Gift & Circulation model as a mechanism to operate relationality assets in a community. In this study, firstly, by using MultiAgent Simulation, we evaluated the effect of model to community. After that, we introduced relationality assets to the field experiment by developing of the Android application and observed how it works. And we improved the application referring the result of questionnaire answered by participants.


Endurance run mutual exercises were carried out with self training and "five minute racing distance" self stimulation. The result proved that the students of the experimental group had better endurance than the contrast one. Endurance run was good for the students' cardiopulmonary function and physical health.


In the United States, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) conducts aviation accident investigation to determine the probable causes and prevent recurrences. NTSB adopts the party system, in which NTSB integrates expert knowledge by involving parties to the investigation. NTSB also issues effective safety recommendations and supports victims and their families. In the US, criminal prosecution is virtually nonexistent in the case of aviation accidents, however, punitive damages (civil liability) and heavy civil penalties (administrative sanctions) substitute as sanctions against airlines and manufacturers. It is hoped that a debate will take place in Japan over the improvement of the framework for investigating aviation accidents and for pursuing the liability of those responsible. Language: ja


The article discusses the form of the preliminary investigation in the Russian criminal trials, conducted a comparative analysis of them.


Email of the presenting author: firstname.lastname@example.com Characteristic parameters are needed to compare the performance of different energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS). The ISO 15632 standard defines parameters such as energy resolution as the FWHM for the K lines of C, F and Mn. Another crucial feature is the solid angle Ω available for photon collection (Ω=A/r2, A: active area of detector, r: distance between radiation origin and center of active detector surface). Ω is not an intrinsic spectrometer property. It can only be defined for a specific detector in combination with a specific system (e.g. SEM), since the minimal possible distance r is determined by the particular detector/microscope geometry. An approach to obtain Ω it is to simply determine A and r but, this is difficult if respective information is not provided by the manufacturer. For TEM/EDS, the solid angle can be estimated from the ratio of the measured to the theoretical X-ray net count number in a specific element line using a sample of well-known thickness at well-defined acquisition conditions [1]. Parameters such as the detector quantum efficiency, detector and sample geometry as well as electron beam current and quality need to be known for this approach to deliver results close to the real geometric solid angle. Otherwise the strategy can be used to determine just a performance parameter to compare to other TEM-EDS systems. A similar approach for SEM/EDS systems is to acquire an X-ray spectrum under defined conditions, e.g. a spectrum of a pure Cu bulk sample at 20 keV and known beam current and measure the number of counts in the Cu-K peaks [2]. Using high energy lines reduces the influence of absorption effects, sample surface morphology and contamination. However, some SEMs don't provide the possibility to measure the beam current or don't have a well calibrated ampere meter. Again, the quantum efficiency must be known. With a significant dead time the input count rate must be used. A practical approach we suggest for the determination of the real detector-sample distance without need of knowledge of the beam current and detector efficiency is to measure the count rate in a defined energy region for various detector positions retracting the detector in known steps without altering the take-off angle. The count rate I should be proportional to 1/r2 and therefore 1/sqrt(I) vs. r should be a straight line through the ordinate origin. This can be used to determine the absolute distance, see Fig. 1, but also to find possible problems with, e.g. shadowing and alignment, which can cause lower count rates, Fig. 2. For the active area A the nominal value can be used. An alternative (if possible) are measurements with apertures of known area placed onto the front of the EDS in a fixed measurement position [3].


Titanium niobate (TiNb2O7) possesses excellent photocatalytic, dielectric properties, and lithium-insertion capacity. And high-pressure (HP) is a powerful tool for bandgap engineering aiming at widening their applications. Herein, we report the...


Along with the wide application of high and new technology, the modern war mode has gradually changed and tasks of logistics equipment support are increasing, which will put forward higher requirements for logistics equipment support sensitivity, rapidity, accuracy and visualization, and making further perfect logistics equipment support system is essential. This paper puts forward the concept of "intelligent logistics equipment support system" by applying internet of things and cloud computing technology to logistics equipment safeguard system construction, and also study its basic connotation, feasibility analysis, basic ideas of construction, and urging to walk intelligent development road of the future logistics equipment safeguard system construction to effectively improve the overall effectiveness of logistics equipment support. 1. The theoretical introduction Cloud computing is a new concept in the field of information technology in recent years, and it can produce revolutionary influence on the network information system and strategic thinking. That is to say that a large number of computers and servers are connected into clusters of computer networks and the related rules is established to provide each kind of technical service to customers, and the network providing a variety of computing resources is known as the "cloud". The material and the internet can be connected with the full dimensional networking through information sensing devices such as laser scanners, RFID (radio frequency identification) equipment, GPS, infrared induction device based on established protocols in order to achieve information sharing and real-time transmission, and the internet of things can achieve the intelligent recognition, accurate positioning and monitoring network of material supply, mainly including three layer core network of perception layer, transport layer and application layer. Application layer of internet of things can establish the cloud computing platform so as to achieve a unified data collection, storage and service center, and it can spawn a modern cloud logistics. The interaction relationship between cloud computing and logistics network can be shown as in figure 1, and the main logistics equipment can be shown as in figure 2. Fig.1 Interaction relationship scheme of internet of things and cloud computing 2nd International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2017) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering Research, volume 118


The values at 1 of single-valued multiple polylogarithms span a certain subalgebra of multiple zeta values. In this paper, the properties of this algebra are studied from the point of view of motivic periods.


Early childhood education pedagogy needs to consider the potential role of critical literacy in preparing children to meet the ever changing and unprecedented pace of change in the literate world Media, technological, interactive, and corporate-constructed texts are fast becoming part of children's everyday experience within industrialized nations. Like many other classic literary fictional characters (e.g., Pippi Longstocking, Paddington Bear, Winnie the Pooh, and Babar), Cinderella is no longer confined to the pages of a book. Cinderella's image and persona appear in a multitude of texts, including, video, posters, clothing, toys, websites, and assorted paraphernalia, that children are repeatedly exposed to. Critical literacy can provide new and varied 'lenses' to understand experiences, explore multiple viewpoints, and uncover the influence of socio-political and power relationships in shaping perceptions and actions (Bainbridge, Malicky, & Payne, 2004).


A single-mode 15µm core diameter ytterbium-doped phosphate photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with all solid (AS) structure was reported. 8.2 W output power with 29% slope efficiency was extracted from the AS-PCF with length of 45 cm.


The students in this case were enrolled in online courses in order to achieve a variety of career goals. Some focused on becoming technology-using developers of materials and media for their own and their students' learning, and others intended to become leaders in the use of educational technology within their organizations. The online course sections were offered to students who were enrolled in educational technology courses comprising a graduate educational technology track within several master's-degree majors or serving as electives within the educational leadership program. The majority of the students were educators in K-adult organizations. Geographically, the students resided within the state in which the course originated. However, during the terms in which the courses were offered, some of the students as well as the instrucTerence Cavanaugh University of North Florida, USA


The quantity of criminal cases in India is rising rapidly, which is the reason there are likewise a rising number of cases as yet extraordinary. Criminal cases are expanding ceaselessly, making it difficult to sort and determine them. It's essential to perceive an area's patterns of crime to prevent it from working out. On the off chance that the specialists entrusted with researching violations have a strong comprehension of the patterns in crime happening in a specific area, they will actually want to improve. Finding the examples of crime in a particular area should be possible by applying AI and different calculations. This review predicts the sorts of wrongdoings that will happen in a given area utilizing wrongdoing information, which facilitates the characterization of criminal cases and considers suitable activity. This exploration utilizes information from the most recent 18 years that were assembled from various solid sources. This article utilized choice, erasing invalid qualities, and mark encoding to clean and support the information since information pre-handling is similarly just about as vital as definite expectation. A compelling AI model for estimating the resulting criminal case is given by this exploration.


ABSTRACT A 4 degrees of freedom ship performance prediction model is used to compare wind-assisted ship propulsion technologies: the Flettner rotor, a wingsail and the DynaRig concept. An Aframax Oil Tanker on a route between Gabon and Canada is used in a case study to compare the three technologies using actual information for the voyage. The fuel savings for were calculated and they varied between 5.6% and 8.9%; the Flettner rotor showed the largest fuel savings. A parametric study of the Flettner rotor technology was carried out to research how its dimensions and operation conditions for two ship types on two voyages influence the fuel savings. The results show that fuel savings were achieved by several percentages. It is shown that it is necessary to select and operate the Flettner rotor according to its ship type, speed, voyage routes and corresponding weather conditions to achieve as large fuel savings as possible.


In this paper, a parallel HEV hybrid controller is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Using the driver commands, the battery state of charge and the engine map, a set of efficient rules has been developed to efficiently split the power between the engine and the motor. The steps are: 1) Estimate the instantaneous torque demand. 2) Using the estimated torque, the feedback signals and the engine map, find the best operating point and then split the power and let the engine work as near as possible to this efficient point, that can be done by controlling the motor (or generator). In the case of motor, let its torque supply the rest of the torque needed, while the engine works near its efficient point, or in the case of generator, let its torque supply an additional load to put the engine in an efficient point. 3) Control the motor to supply the transient torque demand, and keep the engine torque constant as long time as possible, this help to reduce fuel consumption. Finally simulations of a conventional and hybrid vehicle are performed using Simulink environment to check the controller and series of results will prove the effectiveness of the proposed controller and will show the advantage of hybrid powertrain over conventional one in term of fuel economy.


In this Note, we review the main existing results, methods, and some key open problems on the controllability of nonlinear hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Especially, we describe our recent universal approach to solve the local controllability problem of quasilinear time-reversible evolution equations, which is based on a new unbounded perturbation technique. It is also worthy to mention that the technique we develop can also be applied to other problems for quasilinear equations, say local existence, stabilization, etc.


it is, for practical purposes, important to differentiate between bodily symptoms in patients with pathologically well-defined organic diseases as e.g. cancer or multiple sclerosis on the one hand and the group of patients without such a clearly defined disease, where – as a consequence – somatic therapeutic implications cannot be found in any comparable way. Nevertheless, we agree that in all cases of bodily distress it is important not only to sum up type and number of bodily symptoms, but also to characterize the psychological features related to the experience of those complaints. We are convinced that – in the end – no substantial differences exist between our views, and we hope that a future classification will place the field of functional somatic syndromes and bodily distress more adequately, e.g. as an interface disorder between somatic and mental disorders.


There is an error in the Funding statement for this article that was introduced during the preparation of this manuscript for publication. The correct Funding statement is: ''This study was financially supported by a research grant from the Finnish Lung Health Association (FILHA) and City of Helsinki, Department of Social Services and Health Care, which are gratefully acknowledged. No commercial sponsors took part in the funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.'' In addition, the PDF version of this article does not contain all the 45 references for this paper. Please refer to the online version to obtain the full list of references.


1788. Detection of Gastrointestinal Parasites by Multi-Parallel Quantitative Real-Time PCR and Associations with Growth Delay in Early Childhood: Findings from a Birth Cohort in Rural Ecuador Rojelio Mejia,; Andrea Arévalo, MS; Yosselin Vicuña,; Pablo Espinosa,; Martha Chico,; Maritza Vaca,; Carlos Sandoval,; Peter Hotez, MD, PhD; Philip Cooper,; National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; FEPIS, Quito, Ecuador


Current situation of the second-hand housing market Relatively speaking,we don't pay much attention to the second-hand housing market.Therefore,this article has certain practical significance to predict the second-hand housing prices index.In 2005,China began to pursue the reform of the real estate tax and the second-hand housing transaction must pay personal tax.In 2006,the central bank increased mortgage interest rate,the state administration of taxation introduced the business tax policy that


Purpose : The energy saving in a residential building (apartment) sector is known as one of the effective solution of energy reduction. In South Korea, the government has recently reinforced regulations associated with the energy performance of buildings. However, there is a lack of research on the methods for the energy performance diagnosis that is used to analyze the wall thermal performance of the existing apartments. Because a reliable diagnosis is necessary to save the building energy, this study analyzed wall thermal performance of an existing apartment in Seoul. Method : This paper applied two methods for analysis of the thermal insulation performance; HFM(Heat Flow Meter) method and ASTR(Air-Surface Temperature Ratio) method. The HFM method is suggested by ISO9869-1 code to measure the thermal performance. The ASTR method is proposed by this study for the simplified In-situ measurement and it uses three temperature data (interior wall surface, interior and exterior air) and the overall heat transfer coefficient. This study conducted the experiment of an existing apartment in Seoul using these methods and analyzed the results. Furthermore, the energy simulation tool of the building was used to suggest retrofit of the building based on the results of measurements. Result : The error rate of HFM method and ASTR method was analyzed in about 17 to 20%. As the results of comparison between the initial design values of the wall and the measured values, the 26% degradation of insulation thermal performance was measured. Lastly, the energy simulation tool of the building shows 10.8% energy savings in accordance with the construction of suggested retrofit.


Proteins are important to the organisms and they control biochemical pathways within the cell. Each protein or group of proteins are responsible for various functions needed to maintain the living cell, including enzymatic catalysis; transporting or storing chemical compounds and energy; hormone regulation of many processes; maintaining structure of tissues and cells; antibody immune response; signal transduction by receptors and signalling proteins etc. The functions of proteins have been long related to their rigid threedimensional (3D) structures in that a protein's biological function depended on its prior folding into a unique 3D structure. However, as it was discovered in recent years, not all biologically functional proteins fold spontaneously into globular structures. Some protein regions or entire proteins lack stable secondary and/or tertiary structures in solution yet possess crucial biological functions, and these disordered regions or proteins are key to understanding many biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, signalling and causes of diseases. In this chapter, we will focus on some basic concepts of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), the recent progress of structural and functional studies of IDP, and the bioinformatics and experimental methods practically used for investigation of IDPs.