Structural colors generated by the plasmonic resonance of metallic nanostructures, particularly aluminum, have been intensively studied in recent years. However, the inherent Ohmic loss and interband transitions in metals hinder the high efficiency and narrow bandwidth required for pure colors. Here, arrays of asymmetric titanium oxide elliptical nanopixels on a silica substrate are utilized to realize polarization‐sensitive structural colors with high saturation, high efficiency (more than 90%), and high resolution. Owing to Fano resonance resulting from the interference between the radiating waves of dipole resonances and directly reflected waves, perfect narrow reflected spectra can be formed with nearly ideal efficiency in the visible spectrum based on this all‐dielectric nanostructure. In particular, hue‐ and saturation‐tuned colors can be simultaneously obtained under two orthogonally polarized incident lights with apparent color contrast. Based on the superior properties of the titanium oxide metasurface, the proposed design strategy is anticipated to form a new paradigm for practical applications, such as high‐density optical data storage, nanoscale optical elements, sensing, security, and so on.


Spin-lattice proton relaxation in PS solutions and gels was analyzed. A model was suggested that describes the dynamics of a polymer chain as a superposition of two independent relaxation processes. Using this model, we described the dependence of spin-lattice relaxation T 1 (1/T) in a 20-mol-% PS solution on the temperature. It was found that the relaxation process associated with the mobility of a junction and the neighboring units must be taken into account to describe the variation of the shape of spin-lattice relaxation and its shift on the temperature scale with cross-linking of PS (i.e., dynamic heterogeneity of the network must be taken into account). Relaxation parameters and the number of units dynamically linked to the junction were evaluated. It was found that for remote units, an increase in the correlation time concomitant with the cross-linking takes place as a result of the growth of the preexponential factor, that is, as a result of the changes in the entropy of activation.


Gemini surfactants have appeared in the early 1990s as a new type of surfactants with two polar heads and two alkyl tails linked by an spacer. These structural feature give to these type of surfactants unprecedented and better interfacial properties in comparison with their monomeric counterparts. Alkyl glycosides are monomeric non-ionic surfactants prepared in industrial scale from fatty alcohols and carbohydrates. They are gradually replacing the non-ionic surfactants derived from petrochemical materials. The interesting properties of gemini surfactants prompted us ten years ago to design and synthesize gemini surfactants from alkyl glucoside. Butyl, octyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl glucosides were prepared and linked through O-6 or O-2 via succinyl, glutaryl and terephthloyl spacers. The effect of the position of the linkage, the anomeric configuration of the glucoside, the spacer functionality and the spacer type (rigid or flexible) on the interfacial properties were analized. The physico-chemical parameters of these gemini surfactants were compared with those of their monomeric conterparts. Synergist effects were studied. Molecular modelling and inverse micelle formation are summarized.


Background: Clinical measurements that assess the vertical mobility of the midfoot are utilized to assist the clinician in understanding general foot mobility as well as when prescribing foot orthoses and footwear. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the level of intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for navicular drop and dorsal arch height difference using both experienced and inexperienced raters at two geographical locations. In addition, the relationship between navicular drop and the dorsal arch height difference was assessed and normative values for these measurements were provided.
Methods:One hundred and ninety-two healthy participants, from two geographical locations, volunteered to participate in the study. Six raters performed the foot measurements required to calculate navicular drop and dorsal arch height difference. These measurements were assessed on 107 female and 85 male participants. Twenty participants from each geographical location were assessed in two sessions, separated by one week, to determine the reliability of the measurements.
Results: All foot measurements were shown to have high levels of intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. The strength of the correlation between navicular drop and the dorsal arch height difference was poor indicating that the two measures are not equivalent and cannot be used interchangeably by clinicians when assessing the vertical mobility of the midfoot.
Conclusion: While both measures have high levels of reliability, the dorsal arch height difference requires a special non-weight bearing platform as well as patient/client feedback to properly position the platform. As a result, the authors recommend the use of navicular drop as the method of choice for the assessment of the vertical mobility of the midfoot.


Abstract Participation has been a concern of both theorists and practitioners for many decades, but sophisticated analyses of the literature have been inconclusive with respect to its performance and affective benefits (Wagner & Gooding, 1987). The present study used an experimental design to test the hypothesis that the effectiveness of participation in promoting high performance would depend upon the locus of knowledge. Thus, high performance would result if (a) there was no participation and the supervisor had correct information, and if (b) there was participation and at least one party had correct information and neither had incorrect (i.e., conflicting) information. Lower performance would result under other conditions. We also tested the hypothesis that supervisors and subordinates under participation would have more positive affect than those who did not. These hypotheses were supported in a 2 × 3 × 3 experiment varying participation (Participation and No Participation), supervisor information (Correct, Incorrect, and No Information), and subordinate information (Correct, Incorrect, and No Information). Both supervisors and subordinates reported more positive affect and perceptions under Participation (versus No Participation) regardless of their degree of correct knowledge.


A universal data acquisition system supporting toroids, DCCTs, Faraday cups, srapers and other types of instrumentation has been developed for reporting beam intensity measurements to the Fermilab Accelerator Controls System (ACNet). Instances of this front end, supporting dozens of intensity monitor devices have been deployed throughout the Fermilab accelerator complex in the Main Injector, Recycler, Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility and the PIP-II Injector Experiment (PXIE). Each front end consists of a VME chassis containing a single board computer (SBC), timing and clock module and one or more 8 to 12-channel digitizer modules. The digitizer modules are based on a Cyclone III FPGA with firmware developed in-house allowing a wide range of flexibility and digital signal processing capability. The front end data acquisition software adds a list of new features to the previous generation allowing users to: take beam intensity measurements at custom points in the acceleration cycle, access waveform data, control machine protection system (MPS) parameters and calculate beam energy loss.


In recent years, the world focuses on China and India because of their rapid growth of economic. This article pays more attention to the two countries' international competitive capability. It makes a comparative study of China and India by use of RSCA, ESI, and BSCI. By calculation, we draw a conclusion that China and India keep a competitive relation in labor intensive product. Although their export structure is much similar, but the ESI of the two countries is decreasing in this year.


Light data (transmission) from surveys conducted in Great Lameshur Bay, St. John, US Virgin Islands in 2017. These data were used in Edmunds et al. (2019) in Figure 2.


B ackground : Wrinkles and flaccidity in the periocular region are frequent complaints. Ablative fractional lasers (AFL) CO2 10600nm and Erbium:YAG 2940nm can induce neocollagenesis and contraction of collagen fibers.


A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a complex discrete-event dynamic system. Based on the extended high level evaluation Petri Net (EHLEP-N), the extended high level global evaluation Petri Net (EHLGEP-N) with global structure is proposed to model FMS. The combination of EHLGEP-N with the genetics-based minimum balance (GMB) algorithm is taken as an example to address that combining EHLGEP-N with intelligently optimal methods improves not only the integral performance of FMS' optimal scheduling but also the visibility of the scheduling.


35 Background: The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein Survivin and its splice variants are differentially expressed in breast cancer tissues and have recently been shown to be released from tumor cells via small membrane-bound vesicles called exosomes. Tumor-derived exosomes play multiple roles in tumor growth and metastasis and may produce these functions by impacting immune escape, tumor invasion and angiogenesis. We, therefore, hypothesize that analysis of exosomal Survivin and its splice variants may provide a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of breast cancer in addition to current recommended methods.

METHODS
Twenty paired breast cancer patient's sera and tumor tissue, and ten normal control sera were used for analysis. ELISA was performed to quantitate serum levels of Survivin. Exosomes were isolated from the sera using Exoquick. RT-PCR, western blots with densitometry, and immunohistochemistry followed by confocal microscopy were then performed.

RESULTS
For each breast cancer patient serum, Survivin levels were significantly higher compared to control (p<0.05). While Survivin and the DEx3 splice variant expression and localization were similar, differential expression of Survivin and the 2B splice variant protein and mRNA existed in the exosomes and tissue samples. Survivin and -DEx3 proteins were the predominant forms detected in 100% (20/20) of the breast cancer tissues evaluated, whereas a more variable expression of Survivin-2B, with enhanced levels found in areas of necrosis. We also for the first time here show the exosomal localization of Survivin and its splice variants DEx3 and 2B in sera from breast cancer patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The result of the proposed project supports our hypothesis that differential expression of exosomal-Survivin and its alternative splice variants may serve as a diagnostic marker in breast cancer patients. For future direction, we plan to study the prognostic value of exosomal-Survivin and its splice variants on a large panel of primary breast cancers within a setting of well-followed clinical outcomes.


Acknowledgements A Note to Readers 1. Stanislavski's Life and Context 2. An Actor's Work: Basic Training 3. An Actor's Work: Analysis of the Play 4. An Actor's work: Consolidation and spontaneity 5. An Actor's work: Embodiment of the role 6. Stanislavski's Legacy and Influence Chronology Glossary Bibliography Appendix 1: Synopsis of and extract from Tennessee Williams (2009) The Glass Menagerie, London: Penguin, Characters and Scene One pp xv-9 lines 1- 136 Appendix 2: Synopsis of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, Certain Private Conversations in Two Acts and a Requiem


Work From Home (WFH) is seen to be more productive than working at the office as it enables employees to meet their work demands while located at home. Nevertheless, there are also rising potentials for WFH arrangements to cause inter-role conflicts between work and home demands. Evidence showed that WFH has invaded employees' family life and pushed them into a more difficult situation to psychologically disengage from work while being at home. They are feeling cautious now since there are tendencies for WFH arrangements to cause such problems. This article covers the concept and literature that explains the creation of intention to WFH through the influence of job characteristics, home characteristics and inter-role conflicts. In this view, a conceptual framework has been designed by incorporating all these respective components which are relevant in creating the needed intention. A plethora of research in the past has been performed to examine the advantages, disadvantages and challenges of WFH and has suggested the best way to manage this flexible work arrangement from an organisational perspective. However, this article argues that it is also necessary to have an in-depth understanding of what characteristics are needed for employees and how it could overcome the inter-role conflicts while working from home. Empirical research is recommended for this study to validate and improve the predictive value of this research.


As an important development direction of electric vehicles (EVs), the in-wheel motor powertrain has advantages of compact structure and flexible control, although there are some serious problems, such as high performance requirements to the drive motor and complex control strategies. To address these problems, a novel in-wheel tri-motor powertrain (IWTMP) is proposed at first, followed by the introduction of configuration and operating principles. Afterwards, vehicle power demand is calculated based on vehicle parameters and dynamic performance requirements, and a statistical analysis for typical driving cycles is carried out before conducting parameters matching for the IWTMP. Next, an optimisation for original parameters is achieved with an objective function of minimum total power of the IWTMP. Finally, a detailed IWTMP EV model is developed in CRUISE, and simulation results indicate that the IWTMP meets the dynamic performance requirements and efficiently reduces the energy consumption compared with an in-wheel single motor powertrain (IWSMP).


The investigation briefly described compares the results from a cube strength test on specimens cured for 24 hours in saturated air at 50 degrees C with those obtained with cubes cured for 28 days and in accordance with the Swedish regulations. Specimens of various quality classes were tested and the results of the investigation indicate a linear strength relationship between the two series of test specimens. /TRRL/


despair, since there is, I believe, a perceptible upward trend in our journey towards the goal of enlightenment. Comfort springs invariably from the labours of defining what we know and what we do not know, and many gloomy fears vanish in facing up to the unknown. My endeavour has been to define some of the problems of tumour spread which I believe would repay further investigation. I would plead, especially, for a change in attitude towards matters which are dismissed as insoluble. Why should we throw aside the problem of metastasis as hopeless ? Why not strive to find ways of circumventing the growing tumour, by inhibiting or suppressing its powers of growth, by turning it aside into less innocuous channels, perhaps by throwing obstacles in its pathways of spread or even sacrificing healthy tissues in order to hold up the neoplastic invader by means of a " burnt earth " policy ? The search for effective chemotherapeutic measures must go on with the same enthusiasm and imagination displayed by Dr. Blair-Bell throughout his pioneering efforts in this great city of Liverpool. Ideas must be sought after and cultivated. We must not be afraid to attempt the impossible; no device or technique that holds out the faintest hope of discovery can be put aside without proper reference to the work in hand. Above all, I maintain that we teachers have a special duty to perform in firing the imagination and carefully fanning the flame of enthusiasm so that our young men and women may demand an entrance into the domain of cancer research. Perhaps it will be a supreme, audacious flight of youthful genius that will bring the answer to the riddle of neoplasia.


Abstract: This chapter aims to address the novelty of graphite nanocomposites with piezoresistivity being discussed as a secondary but inherent characteristic of the materials. Nanocomposites containing carbonaceous fillers exhibit electrically conductive behavior. They often produce increased thermal and electrical conductivities. Well-dispersed fillers in a polymer matrix give stable and reproducible characteristics, and display a low filler percolation threshold for electrical conductivity. Graphite nanoplatelets, carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon black were introduced as carbonaceous nanoinclusions to accomplish piezoresistivity. We focus on graphite nanocomposites, from the filler dispersion to experimental measurement of piezoresistive properties. Carbon black and CNT will be briefly discussed.


Printed circuit board has a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of the electronic component leads. High-expansion composite materials are sandwiched between the outer layers of copper and woven fiber glass.


Figure S1: Relative initiation rate of mutation compared to wild type. The x-axis is the mutation position, each row in the y-axis is a different transcript. The scale shows values from the 2.5 percentile to the 97.5 percentile. In the graph, values lower than the 2.5 percentile are given the minimum green color and values above the 97.5 percentile are given the maximum red color. Blue indicates no measurement to perform the comparison.


Aplodinotus grunniens represent a crucial artisanal fishery in the Usumacinta River's middle basin that generates food and a subsistence economy. This study aimed to create a model that best describes growth for A. grunniens and provides information on the growth of this poorly known  pecies from the Usumacinta River. Data collection was  carried out over one year through monthly sampling. A total of 447 specimens were collected from January to December 2017. Von Bertalanffy's growth constants were calculated by separate sexes using linear fit and the non-linear  Levenberg-Marquardt method. Hotelling's T-squared test showed that growth was significantly faster in females than males. The estimated age at first maturity was two years in males and three in females. Considering the age reported for A. grunniens in other studies, the age  determined in this study indicates that the population could be overexploited. Larger fish are more vulnerable to fishing pressure, mainly during their highest reproductive activity when they aggregate for spawning. More research is needed to evaluate the population status, catch per unit effort, distribution, and abundance of adults, juveniles, and larvae.


having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. iv DEDICATION To family and loved ones. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my entire family and friends for all their support and patience during my doctoral studies. They gave me strength and motivated me to move forward, their advice helped me become the person I am now. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to my mentor and advisor, Dr. Malek Adjouadi, for all his support through two graduate degrees, for his patience, and for his guidance. I must also thank my committee members Dr. Several others have helped me during my graduate journey and I do not have enough words to thank them. I would like to especially thank Dr. Neda Ladbon-Bernasconi and Dr. Andrea Bernasconi who helped put me on a focused research path. The discussions and input from Daniel Tarquinio were particularly insightful and I would like to thank him for his patience and support. I would also like to thank my colleagues at the Center for Advanced Technology and Education for all their help and support, I am especially appreciative of the support provided by: This dissertation introduces a new approach for assessing the effects of pediatric epilepsy on the language connectome. Two novel data-driven network construction approaches are presented. These methods rely on connecting different brain regions using either extent or intensity of language related activations as identified by independent component analysis of fMRI data. An auditory description decision task (ADDT) paradigm was used to activate the language network for 29 patients and 30 controls recruited from three major pediatric hospitals. Empirical evaluations illustrated that pediatric epilepsy can cause, or is associated with, a network efficiency reduction. Patients showed a propensity to inefficiently employ the whole brain network to perform the ADDT language task; on the contrary, controls seemed to efficiently use smaller segregated network components to achieve the same task. To explain the causes of the decreased efficiency, graph theoretical analysis was carried out. The analysis revealed no substantial global network feature differences between the patient and control groups. It also showed that for both subject groups the language network exhibited small-world characteristics; however, the patient's extent of activation network showed a tendency towards more random networks. vii It was also shown that …


The article shows the role of the organoleptic method in conducting a commodity quality examination on the example of a product — tomato paste.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in perioperative period in Nanyang. METHODS:The application of antibiotics in discharge cases of various operations of 10 hospitals during Jan.~Mar.,2008 in Nanyang were sampled randomly. RESULTS:288 patients were treated with antibiotics. 225 cases of prevention medication accounted for 78%;63 cases of drug for treatment accounted for 22% . Among 225 cases of prevention medication,116 cases of rational choice of drug accounted for 52%,109 cases of irrational for 48%;68 cases of suitable administration time accounted for 30%,157 cases of inappropriate for 70%;the average time of preventive medication in type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ incision surgery were(4.61± 3.69)d,(7.15±3.93)d,(6.89±2.23)d respectively;as for active treatment,166 cases of single drug consisted of 74%,50 cases of two-drug 22% and 9 cases of three-drug 4%. Unreasonable administration of drug manifested as inappropriate choice of drug, inappropriate administration time,long course of treatment and the high probability of drug combination,etc. CONCLUSION:The application of perioperative antibiotics should be managed and monitored further more.


Jews on religious, cultural, and secular bases, Endelman says that the Jewish claim is the stronger of the two. Also suggesting the proAmerican tone, chapters by Haim Shaked and James Leonard applaud the parties involved in the Camp David Accords and urge a more active American role in encouraging similar negotiations. A number of chapters focus on the military security issues of the region. Alvin Rubinstein and Vernon Aspaturian agree future Soviet policy in the area will follow a policy of realpolitik rather than any grand design or ideological crusade. Such a policy will constitute a danger to both the region and to American interests. Trond Gilberg offers a different approach by examining the activities of Eastern European actors in the region. He notes the Ceausescu regime in Romania has been able to play the role of an "honest broker" In both chapters 7 and 8, "The Correlation of compromise. Two essays go right to the heart of the American security concern. Amos Perlmutter endorses the presence of American military bases in the area to discourage revolutionary pressures and to give the United States the ability to intervene quickly to protect vital interests. Michael Handel points out that Israel would be a great location for such bases, and the United States could learn much from the Israelis in the military and intelligence fields.


Objective: Suggested predictors of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include environmental exposure, such as smoking. Our purpose was to investigate potential predictors of RA in a nested case–control study based on a prospective cohort. Method: Between 1991 and 1996, 30 447 persons were included in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS). Individuals who developed RA after inclusion up to 31 December 2004 were identified by linking the database to different registers. Four controls were selected for every case. Data on lifestyle factors were collected in the MDCS. Results: We identified 172 incident cases of RA [36 men/136 women, mean age at diagnosis 63 years, 69% rheumatoid factor (RF) positive, median time from inclusion to diagnosis 5 (range 1–13) years]. In bivariate analyses, baseline smoking [odds ratio (OR) 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–3.12] and a low level of formal education (i.e. ≤ 8 years; OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.18–4.93 vs. University degree) predicted subsequent development of RA. Infrequent baseline alcohol consumption was a predictor of RA (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.91–6.30) compared to recent use (within the past month), and individuals with moderate baseline alcohol consumption (3.5–15.2 g/day vs. < 3.5 g/day) tended to have a reduced risk of RA (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.22–1.05) in multivariate analyses, adjusted for smoking and level of education. Conclusions: Smoking and a low level of formal education were found to be independent predictors of RA. Moderate alcohol consumption may also be associated with a reduced risk.


Aim: To develop an assay to quantify the biomass of attached cells and biofilm formed on wetted surfaces in variable-gravity environments. Methods and Results: Liquid cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to 30-35 brief cycles of hypergravity (< 2-g) followed by free fall (i.e., reduced gravity) equivalent to either lunar-g (i.e., 0.17 normal Earth gravity) or micro-g (i.e., < 0.001 normal Earth gravity) in an aircraft flying a series of parabolas. Over the course of two days of parabolic flight testing, 504 polymer or metal coupons were exposed to a stationary-phase population of P. aeruginosa strain ERC1 at a concentration of 1.0 x 10(exp 5) cells per milliliter. After the final parabola on each flight test day, half of the material coupon samples were treated with either 400 micro-g/L ionic silver fluoride (microgravity-exposed cultures) or 1% formalin (lunar-gravity-exposed cultures). The remaining sample coupons from each flight test day were not treated with a fixative. All samples were returned to the laboratory for analysis within 2 hours of landing, and all biochemical assays were completed within 8 hours of exposure to variable gravity. The intracellular ATP luminescent assay accurately reflected cell physiology compared to both cultivation-based and direct-count microscopy analyses. Cells exposed to variable gravity had more than twice as much intracellular ATP as control cells exposed only to normal Earth gravity.


Weakly charged cationic nanoparticles cause structural changes including local denaturing and compaction to DNA under mild conditions. The charged ligands bind to the phosphate backbone of DNA and the uncharged ligands penetrate the helix and disrupt base pairing. Mobility shifts in electrophoresis, molecular dynamics, and UV-vis spectrophotometry give clues to the details of the interactions.


The present study examined an important yet under-investigated topic, the effect of political influence behavior on career success. Drawing from past research on influence behavior and relevant theory from social psychology, the effect of political influence behavior on career success was hypothesized to depend on the type of influence tactic employed. Results from a sample of past graduates of two universities indicated that supervisor-focused tactics, manifesting a strategy of ingratiation, resulted in higher levels of career success while job-focused tactics, manifesting a strategy of self-promotion, resulted in lower levels of success. Implications of the results for the study of careers and career management processes are discussed.


JSICsim, a new analog simulator for superconductor integrated circuits, is introduced in this brief. It works on SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis)-style netlists and employs the node voltage analysis method with the parallel computation algorithm. Additionally, the JSICsim simulator focuses on accelerating simulation by using an adjustable simulation accuracy method for large-scale circuit analysis, with a complete simulation platform and GUI integrated into the package. To compare JSICsim with other simulators like PSCAN2, WRspice, and JoSIM, several testbench circuits are simulated and analyzed. The result shows that JSICsim could accelerate the simulation up to 47,16,12 times compared with PSCAN2, WRspice, and JoSIM, respectively. Moreover, JSICsim supports a simulation scale of up to 1 million junctions. Other functionalities such as IV-curve sweeping and thermal noise simulation are also demonstrated.


The article investigates whether media coverage varies for male and female legislators with regards to their activities in promoting women's interests. To test this, 30 key women's-issue-promoting legislators in South Korea are selected, primarily based on their legislative significance within a women's-issue bill co-sponsorship network between 2004 and 2016, and their various substantive representation efforts are analysed by examining 45 news outlets. Findings reveal that while receiving less media coverage than their male counterparts overall, female legislators have higher odds of receiving a more focused spotlight concerning women's-issue-promotion efforts. However, the gendered media coverage was only driven by women's issues with strong stereotypically feminine policy characteristics, for example, abortion, contraception and sexual harassment, and not by those with both feminine and masculine policy characteristics, such as childcare support and maternity leave. The article demonstrates the importance of media-bias conditionality and thus calls for a more nuanced approach to be taken in future research.


This article is a continuation of the application of cognitive turns in the study of the cultures of the indigenous peoples of the North of Krasnoyarsk Kraj. In the process of analyzing interviews with members of indigenous peoples, the most important spaces of the cultural dynamics of the indigenous peoples were identified, among which is the space of the stage. In the space of the stage, in a concentrated form, there is a meaningful preservation or revival of traditions, their exposure, etc. As a rule, the preservation of culture through stage performances occurs with the active support of the state. Stage events are designed to solve a number of tasks, including: familiarization with the characteristics of unique ethnic cultures; the rise of ethnic self-consciousness and the fight against self- stigmatization; restoration of indigenous cultures. Cultural events include two main blocks — the display of ethnic artifacts and theatrical performance. The concert, theatrical form has now taken the familiarity with the traditional picture of the world; the preservation of everyday knowledge occurs mainly through master classes. A significant form of manifestation of one's own culture is participation in ethnic competitions, especially winning them. The significant role of the stage space in preserving the culture of the indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk Kraj may indicate the external nature of the ethno-cultural identity of modern indigenous peoples of the North.


This paper analyses the dramatic change of cultivated land during the last50years in Hebei Province.Based upon which,the situation and composition of cultivated land loss during1988~1995are examined.The causes of cultivated land loss are discussed and the countermea-sures are advanced.It is found out that the adjustment of agricultural structure is the main cause of cultivated land loss,which accounts for47%of the total amount of cultivated land loss;land devoting to non-agricultural constructions and damaged by natural hazards are the secondary causes,which respectively account for22%and30%of the newly added types of cultivated land,reclamation and reuse of abandoned land are the main sources of cultivated land increase,which respectively account for49%and44%of the total increased cultivated land.


For centuries training has been provided for bureaucrats, religious and mil itary personnel, but it is only in this century that any attempts have been made to provide similar education and developmental activities for managers. This paper traces the development of management education and training in Australia. It examines some of the early developments which drew on British and American experiences in this field, and gives an overview of the current situation. It also summaries the results of the various committees of inquiry and task forces set up by the Commonwealth government to review manage ment education.


Introduction Elevated blood levels of homocysteine have been associated with several psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as schizophrenic disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and depression. The hypothesis is that genetic and environmental factors elevate homocysteine levels, which causes vascular diseases of the brain, and/or changes in neurotransmitters, which cause various mental disorders. Objectives The objective of our work is to discuss the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and the characterized depressive disorder Methods we conducted our study through the discussion of a clinical vignette Results We report here a case of hyperhomocysteinemia with vitamin B 12 deficiency in a 16-year-old female patient who presented with a characterized depressive disorder. She was initially treated with a selective serotonin inhibitor combined with parenteral injections of vitamin B12. The patient's clinical condition improved after the first week. The discussion will attempt to clarify the role of vitamin therapy in the improvement of the patient's depressive symptoms and its relationship with hyperhomocysteinemia. We report here a case of hyperhomocysteinemia with vitamin B 12 deficiency in a 16-year-old female patient who presented with a characterized depressive disorder.She was initially treated with a selective serotonin inhibitor combined with parenteral injections of vitamin B12. The patient's clinical condition improved after the first week. The discussion will attempt to clarify the role of vitamin therapy in the improvement of the patient's depressive symptoms and its relationship with hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusions Statistical data, physiological and genetic aspects seem to point to the involvement of hyperhomocysteinemia in the development of characterized depressive disorder. However, the results remain variable, even contradictory, and several confounding factors must be considered in these studies: ethnic, geographical, cultural (in terms of diet) and age factors are all elements that seem to intervene and that do not always make it possible to know whether hyperhomocysteinemia is a direct cause of depression or the consequence of mechanisms linked to folate and B12 deficiencies. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The article deals with the organization of work with the feature film in teaching listening in the lessons of Russian as a foreign language. The exercises that are presented in the article can be used in a audience while watching the sitcom "Daddy's daughters" with the foreigners. The article demonstrates a model of work with students who speak Russian at the level of A2-B1 (under the condition of knowing grammar material, such as participles, short adjectives, comparative, etc.), as well as options for tasks for more advanced levels.


To investigate photosynthetic response of some pear (Pyrus spp.) species to drought stress, a pot experiment was conducted using as factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replication under greenhouse condition. The factors included five pear species including: P. biossieriana, P. communis, P. glabra, P. salicifolia and P. syriaca and three levels of drought stress [(100%, 60% and 30% of field capacity (FC)]. According to the obtained results, different levels of drought stress significantly restricted morphological and physiological responses in all studied species. Increasing drought stress intensity reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration when compared to their values in control plants. However, root/shoot dry weight ratio, specific leaf weight and stomatal density per unit of area were increased. In P. glabra exposed to severe stress (30% of FC), the values of root/shoot dry weigh ratio (0.85 g), specific leaf weight (23 mg cm-2), stomata density per unit of area, relative water content (73%) and net photosynthetic rate (3.9 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1) were significantly higher than the other species. P. syriaca, P. salicifolia, P. biossieriana and P. communis were placed in the next ranks, respectively based on their response to drought. In conclusion, P. glabra is reported as a more effective species in mitigating the adverse effects of drought by boosting its protective mechanisms than the other pear species.


The influence of inorganic fertilizer media at different concentrations on the growth and biochemical composition of Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae was evaluated. Microalgae were placed in a bath culture with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) medium and WC medium during 28 days, Growth and biological aspects of microalgae between the media were compared. Mineral concentrations affected the physiological and growth rate of H. pluvialis, and the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration favored higher algal biomass. High concentration of protein occurred when concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred in cultures NPK 20:5:20 and NPK 4:14:8. Amino acid profile were significantly higher (p<0.05) in culture media based on inorganic fertilizer when compared to that in commercial medium (WC). High cell density (4.6 x 10 5 cells.mL -1 ) was obtained in NPK 10:10:10 and in WC medium (3.2 x 10 5 cells.mL -1 ) after 16 days cultivation. Media inorganic fertilizer (NPK) was adequate and may replace the commercial medium WC for the cultivation of microalgae H. pluvialis, with high nutritional value and biomass concentration.


2008‒2012 Archaeologist (SCEP): U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson. Development of Memorandum of Agreements under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Preparation of Section 106 letters of notification and assessment-of-effect for Federal undertakings. Evaluation of site eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. Preparation of Final Report of Investigations. Pedestrian surveys for prehistoric and historic archaeological sites throughout Alaska (Supervisors: Margan Grover, Aaron Wilson).


Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm is an alternative decoding method to Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding of polar codes with an advantage of higher throughput and lesser latency. BP algorithm is performed over the factor graph of a polar code, and its throughput is oppositely proportional to the number of stages of the factor graph. The stage-combining idea can be applied to the factor graph of a polar code to halve the number of stages, and thus to double the decoding throughput. By this idea, every two adjacent stages of a factor graph are combined and processed in a single step. In this paper, we propose a modified stage-combined BP decoding method that is able to improve the Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance of the decoding algorithm. This improvement is almost 0.5 dB at low to intermediate SNRs, and much more considerable at high SNRs, since the undesired phenomenon of error floor is mitigated as a result of the proposed stage-combining mechanism.


Objective:
Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare disease defined by a diffuse proliferation of neoplastic glial cells. The mechanism which allows the uniquely widespread infiltration that defines gliomatosis cerebri remains unclear. We report a case with highly unusual features in terms of the extent of neoplastic infiltration of the leptomeninges and nerve roots, the histological subtype and the pre-mortem lumbar puncture cytology.
Background:
A previously healthy man developed a rapidly progressive neurological illness with additive accumulation of neurological signs over 7 months and ending in death. Subsequent autopsy has confirmed diffuse glial tumour infiltrating all areas of the brain and spinal cord, the leptomeninges and nerve roots.
Design/Methods:
A 57 year old man presented with a 6 month history of personality change, ataxia, nausea and visual disturbance having been found to have bilateral papilloedema by his optician. Over one month in hospital he deteriorated, with increasing but non-localising neurological deficits and a fluctuating GCS. He died following aspiration pneumonia. Despite extensive investigation, no diagnosis was made in life.
Results:
MRIs showed extensive white matter abnormality throughout both cerebral hemispheres and extending into thalamus, midbrain and pons, as well as generalised brain swelling including the brainstem. CSF cytology showed a degree of atypia. Autopsy revealed an unremarkable macroscopic appearance of the brain. Histological appearances however, were markedly abnormal with dense neoplastic infiltration of all of the brain and spinal cord, the leptomeninges and cranial and spinal nerve roots. Furthermore, the tumour cells were of oligodendroglial differentiation.
Conclusions:
In the context of gliomatosis cerebri, the extent and infiltrative pattern, the positive CSF cytology and the histological subtype, make this case highly unusual. The lack of specific findings both clinically and on imaging, despite the level of neoplastic infiltration seen post-mortem, highlight the diagnostic challenge this neoplasm presents. Disclosure: Dr. Mcmacken has nothing to disclose. Dr. Herron has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fulton has nothing to disclose.


Immunocytochemical techniques were used to examine alterations in the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in bladder pathways following acute and chronic irritation of the urinary tract of the rat. Chemical cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP) which is metabolized to acrolein, an irritant eliminated in the urine. Injection of CYP (n = 10, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) 2 hours prior to perfusion (acute treatment) of the animals increased Fos‐immunoreactivity (IR) in neurons in the dorsal commissure, dorsal horn, and autonomic regions of spinal segments (L1‐L2 and L6‐S1) which receive afferent inputs from the bladder, urethra, and ureter. Fos‐IR in the spinal cord was not changed in rats receiving chronic CYP treatment (n = 15, 75 mg/kg, i.p., every 3rd day for 2 weeks). In control animals and in animals treated acutely with CYP, only small numbers of NOS‐IR cells (0.5–0.7 cell profiles/sections) were detected in the L6‐S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Chronic CYP administration significantly (P ≤ .002) increased bladder weight by 60% and increased (7‐ to 11‐fold) the numbers of NOS‐immunoreactive (IR) afferent neurons in the L6‐S1 DRG. A small increase (1.5‐fold) also occurred in the L1 DRG, but no change was detected in the L2 and L5 DRG. Bladder afferent cells in the L6‐S1 DRG labeled by Fluorogold (40 μl) injected into the bladder wall did not exhibit NOS‐IR in control animals; however, following chronic CYP administration, a significant percentage of bladder afferent neurons were NOS‐IR: L6 (19.8 ± 4.6%) and S1 (25.3 ± 2.9%). These results indicate that neuronal gene expression in visceral sensory pathways can be upregulated by chemical irritation of afferent receptors in the urinary tract and/or that pathological changes in the urinary tract can initiate chemical signals that alter the chemical properties of visceral afferent neurons. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of patients with spontaneous neumothorax.Methods Retrospective analysis was used to analyse 50 cases of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax? from 2001 to 2005.Results Among 50 cases of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.All patients were cured through conservative treatment including needle stabs suction,thoracic cavity drainaging combined with agglutination treatment.Conclusion Diagnosis of typical spontaneous pneumothourax can be made on symptom,sign and chest X-ray,and the treatment results were satisfactory according to our experience.


(VWF) the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex a signaling cascade (cid:1) IIb (cid:2) 3 activation and platelet aggregation. Previous work botrocetin (bt)/VWF– mediated agglutination activates (cid:1) IIb (cid:2) elicits adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion in a thromboxane A2 (TxA2)– Ca (cid:3) -dependent agglu-tination-elicited TxA2 production secretion. at the transduction network pathway by GPIb-mediated agglutination to cause TxA2 production. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) selective inhibitor Src homology -chain were found not to be required for agglutination-driven TxA2 production or activation of (cid:1) IIb (cid:2) 3, but were required for granule secretion and aggregation. The results also clearly demonstrate that bt/VWF-mediated agglutina-tion-induced TxA2 production is dependent on signaling apparently initiated by Lyn, enhanced by Src, and propagated through Syk, SLP-76, PI3K, PLC (cid:4) 2, and protein kinase C (PKC). (Blood. 2005;106: 2750-2756)


Retreating glaciers successively expose mineral substrate which is colonised within a few years by soil biota, lichens and plants. Two such successions which cover the first five decades after exposure were studied in the Swiss Alps. Sites differed in parent material and precipitation. At each site, five strata of different age were dated by distance from the current glacier gate and records of annual retreat. The proportion of fine material (< 63 μm) differed by a factor of 2 between sites and a factor of 3 within sites. From the youngest to the oldest stratum, plant cover increased from < 5 to > 85% and organic carbon content (Corg) in the bulk material increased by 6 times at the wetter site and by 16 times at the drier site. Even so, partitioning of Corg between particle size fractions 2000 to 63 μm and < 63 μm was the same at both sites (6 : 4), and so was the proportion of microbial C (Cmic) in Corg (5%). Coefficients of variation across all 10 strata studied were only 22% for Corg partitioning and 21% for the proportion of Cmic in Corg. Soil carbon models frequently apply prescribed partitioning factors in simulating organic matter input into soil. Our findings lend support to such an approach.


In 2001, A.V. Borisov and I.S.Mamaev discovered a new integrable case on the Lie algebras e(3) , so(4) and so(3,1) . This is a Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom, where both the Hamiltonian and additional integral are homogeneous polynomials of degrees 2 and 4 ,respectively. In this paper, bifurcation diagram of the Hamiltonian for the integrable case under consideration on the Lie algebras e(3) , so(4) and so(3,1) for different values of parameters is constructed.


Although normal fuzzy sliding mode controllers can reduce the chattering problem in building structure control, there are some problems such as they need the equivalent control and the upper bounds of the uncertainties. In this paper, we use fuzzy logic to approximate the sliding surface for the sliding mode control. The stability of the proposed controller is established. A six-story building prototype equipped with an active mass damper is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller towards the wind-induced vibration.


Considering the major technological problems in the informationization in coal mines and the actual needs of the coal enterprises,a new kind of comprehensive information system of coal is proposed.This paper analyzes the structure and features,especially the method and key technology in its realization,which can realizes harmony and uniformity in comprehensive monitoring,dispatching and controlling.


This paper empirically examines the relationship between religious shrines and development. Compiling a unique database covering the universe of shrines across Pakistani Punjab, we explore whether the presence of holy Muslim shrines helps to explain regional variation in literacy rates. Our results demonstrate a non-linear impact of shrines per capita: shrines situated in regions closer to the river have a differential impact on literacy than those situated afar. Specifically, greater concentration of shrines in riverine regions tends to adversely affect literacy rates. We attribute this to the confluence of three resources—religion, land and politics—that together constitute a powerful structural inequality with potentially adverse consequences for development. Evidence suggests that the negative impact of riverine shrines on literacy is primarily mediated through their entry into politics. Probing the determinants of political selection, we demonstrate that shrines considered important in the colonial era were more likely to select into politics in post-partition Punjab. JEL Codes: I25, N55, Z12, O15 Acknowledgements. We are indebted to: noted literary critic, Fateh Mohammad Malik, for providing the initial intellectual inspiration for this project; David Gilmartin for his guidance; Sohail Chaudhry for administrative support; and Rafay Khan for excellent research assistance. For their helpful feedback, we are also thankful to Francis Robinson, Mohammad Talib, Farhan Nizami, and seminar participants at the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, D.C. All errors and omissions are the sole responsibility of authors. This draft version: 05 August 2014


Background: The molecular mechanisms regulating lymphangiogenesis remain unclear. Results: Tetraspanin CD9 modulates molecular organization of integrins in LEC, thereby supporting several functions required for lymphangiogenesis. Conclusion: Deletion of CD9 diminished lymphangiogenesis in mice and humans. Significance: Given that CD9 mediates inflammation and tumor progression, CD9 might be a key component not only in tumor metastasis, but also in inflammation. Tetraspanins have emerged as key players in malignancy and inflammatory diseases, yet little is known about their roles in angiogenesis, and nothing is known about their involvement in lymphangiogenesis. We found here that tetraspanins are abundantly expressed in human lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). After intrathoracic tumor implantation, metastasis to lymph nodes was diminished and accompanied by decreased angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in tetraspanin CD9-KO mice. Moreover, lymphangiomas induced in CD9-KO mice were less pronounced with decreased lymphangiogenesis compared with those in wild-type mice. Although mouse LEC isolated from CD9-KO mice showed normal adhesion, lymphangiogenesis was markedly impaired in several assays (migration, proliferation, and cable formation) in vitro and in the lymphatic ring assay ex vivo. Consistent with these findings in mouse LEC, knocking down CD9 in human LEC also produced decreased migration, proliferation, and cable formation. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that deletion of CD9 in LEC diminished formation of functional complexes between VEGF receptor-3 and integrins (α5 and α9). Therefore, knocking down CD9 in LEC attenuated VEGF receptor-3 signaling, as well as downstream signaling such as Erk and p38 upon VEGF-C stimulation. Finally, double deletion of CD9/CD81 in mice caused abnormal development of lymphatic vasculature in the trachea and diaphragm, suggesting that CD9 and a closely related tetraspanin CD81 coordinately play an essential role in physiological lymphangiogenesis. In conclusion, tetraspanin CD9 modulates molecular organization of integrins in LEC, thereby supporting several functions required for lymphangiogenesis.


A morphological and biochemical study was done on rat parotids to evaluate the modifications after 2400 rad in the parotid area only. As previously observed, whole-body irradiation with lower doses produced only slight effects on the gland. The enzymes peculiar to glandular function decreased significantly 3 days after irradiation, later they fluctuated on control values. Increase in alkaline phosphatase, LAP, and decrease in protein content was a constant result. Beta-glucuronidase only among lysosomal enzymes increased significantly at some intervals. Morphological alterations in the glandular sections of the sacrificed animals appeared modest and mostly consisted of progressive fibrosis.


Many of the disciplines in which faculty in institutions of higher education are trained, such as law, accounting or medicine, are characterized by a code of ethics and by the regulation of those guiding principles by the profession. Universally, however, academia, is neither guided by a single code of ethics, nor self-regulated by such a code. The tenure system, while compatible with progressive counseling, is less compatible with progressive discipline because of its limited exceptions for terminating tenure and few options for otherwise correcting problematic behavior. As state legislators seek to implement a system of performance checks through post-tenure review, faculty as a whole should consider implementing a code of ethics, coupled with a system of self-regulation for compliance. This paper will discuss these issues and propose that since all faculty members, not just faculty who are administrators, are potentially affected by the sub-standard performance of a colleague, the collective body of faculty should establish and maintain a disciplinary board for regulating professionalism in institutions of higher education.


We have explored the possibility of driving pulsation modes in models of sdO stars in which the effects of element diffusion, gravitational settling and radiative levitation have been neglected so that the distribution of iron-peak elements remains uniform throughout the evolution. The stability of these models was determined using a nonadiabatic oscillations code. We analysed 27 sdO models from 16 different evolutionary sequences and discovered the first ever sdO models capable of driving high-radial order g-modes. In one model, the driving is by a classical κ-mechanism due to the opacity bump from iron-peak elements at temperature � 200,000 K. In a second model, the driving result from the combined action of κ-mechanisms operating in three distinct regions of the star: (i) a carbon-oxygen partial ionization zone at temperature � 2 10 6 K, (ii) a deeper region at temperature � 2 10 7 K, which we attribute to ionization of argon, and (iii) at the transition from radiative to conductive opacity in the core of the star.


The invention discloses a cluster fault tolerance system, device and method. The system includes a remote checkpoint server which is used to respond the remote checkpoint request from faulty node and execute the checkpoint operation, a node faulty checking module which is used to monitor the operating system of local node and the running state of assigned process and to trigger the remote checkpoint, and a communication system checkpoint module which is used to realize the checkpoint of communication device and support the recovery function of communication breakpoint. The invention provides localization fast fault restoration for parallel processing cluster, has a lower overhead and good expansibility, and makes ideal availability for the cluster system with ten billions and hundred billions calculation scale.


The Intensive Protective Supervision Project (IPSP) is designed to address the populations of "status offenders," or "undisciplined children." A number of legislative and programmatic influences antedated the current project in North Carolina. This article provides a brief summary of the major events affecting the evolution of the IPSP.


In this paper, we propose a novel edge prior for image interpolation which assumes that the variation of image intensity away from an edge is locally similar along the edge. Based on this edge prior, our method first approximates the gradient of the HR image which is then refined by diffusion. The unknown HR pixels are estimated by a weighted average of their neighbouring LR samples, with the weights being determined with respect to the gradient. This new approach performs significantly better than several representative edge-directed image interpolation methods in terms of PSNR and SSIM, as well as subjective visual quality in most of our test cases. Annoying artifacts (such as blurring, jaggies, ringing, etc.) are also greatly suppressed.


Bryostatins, a family of structurally complicated macrolides, exhibit an exceptional range of biological activities. The limited availability and structural complexity of these molecules makes development of an efficient total synthesis particularly important. This article describes our initial efforts towards the total synthesis of bryostatins, in which chemoselective and atom-economical methods for stereoselective assembly of the C-ring subunit were developed. A Pd-catalyzed tandem alkyne-alkyne coupling/6-endo-dig cyclization sequence was explored and successfully pursued in the synthesis of a dihydropyran ring system. Elaboration of this methodology ultimately led to a concise synthesis of the C-ring subunit of bryostatins. we report detailed studies on the development of methods and strategies for the chemo- and diastereoselective formation of the bryostatin C-ring. to a quick flash silica gel chromatography give g . An analytically pure sample was obtained by further silica gel chromatography purification.


Study about the domestic and international outstanding long jumper's run-up tempo and accuracy,through the compiling and analyzing synthetically,proceed from development of the modern long-jump characteristic of documents and materials.Offer the reference of feasibility for training of the long-jump.


Objective To investigate the expression of CD55 and CD59 on erythrocytes,neutrophils,monocytes and lymphocytes of healthy population.Methods The expression of CD55 and CD59 on red blood cells and different leukocytes of healthy persons were detected with flow cytometer.Results The expression of CD55 on neutrophils and monocytes were higher than that on lymphocytes and erythrocytes(P0.01).And there were no significant differences among the expressions of CD59 on erythrocytes, neutrophils and monocytes(P0.05).But the expression of CD59 on lymphocytes were lower that that on other cells(P0.01).Conclusion Neutrophil and erythrocyte is suitable of analysis when CD55 and CD59 are detected.


Based on the problem happened during the water-flooding development of K1S2 reservoir in Tuha oilfield, the article has analysed the poroperm characteristics, petrologic feature, grain-size characteristics and clay composition. The article has also evaluated the velocity sensitivity to the reservoir on the basis of comparison between formation and injection water. The results show the reservoir is poor in shale and montmorillonite, but the injection of illite and kaolinite the pore throat is thin. Water differs from each other and the mineralization of the injection water is lower than the formation one. It will produce scale deposit after mixing them partly. The water-flooding development leads to serious particle migration and decreases the permeability seriously. The velocity sensitivity index is 36% existing medium velocity sensitivity. Under the displacement velocity of 0.2mL/min, the permeability of formation water is 24.41×10-3μm2, after injecting the water for 24h, the permeability is 18.91×10-3μm2, reduce the permeability by 22.5%,causing the light damage.


A substantial body of research has confirmed that vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) plays a role in contributing to the high interpatient variability in the warfarin maintenance dose. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of SNPs of miR‐137 on the warfarin maintenance dose. Computational analysis and luciferase assay were used to search the targets of miR‐137, and luciferase assay was also used to confirm the effect of the polymorphisms on the transcription of the promoter. The regulatory relationship between miR‐137 and VKORC1 was detected using real‐time PCR. We then performed statistical analysis to find the warfarin maintenance dose in the different groups. A total of 155 subjects were enrolled in our research, and the characteristics of the patients were collected. Using computational analysis, we identified that miR‐137 binds to the VKORC1 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) and regulates the expression of VKORC1. This hypothesis was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay as miR‐137 significantly reduced the VKORC1 3'UTR luciferase activity, while the luciferase activity of mutant VKORC1 3'UTR was similar to the scramble control. According to the result of the luciferase reporter assay, we found that miR‐137 SNP with the presence of the A allele apparently reduced the luciferase activity. Using real‐time PCR, we revealed that miR‐137 negatively regulated the expression of VKORC1 in a concentration‐dependent manner in liver cells. Furthermore, no difference was noted regarding the warfarin maintenance dose between the different age or gender groups, and furthermore AC + AA carriers showed a markedly higher warfarin maintenance dose than CC carriers. These findings collectively provide support that VKORC1 is a direct target of miR‐137 and the miR‐137 rs2660304 polymorphism is associated with warfarin maintenance dose in patients with atrial fibrillation. The rs2660304 polymorphism is a potential biomarker for predicting the clinical efficacy of warfarin in these patients.


Th e article compares methodological approaches underlying two classical economic textbooks: Foundations of Political Economy by Tugan-Baranovsky and Principles of Economics by Marshall. Comparison of classical textbooks belonging to the same epoch of economic science (here the period immediately following the Marginal revolution) can help us to grasp the specifi city of national styles of economic reasoninig and theorising in diff erent countries.


With the help of techniques including: light microscopy supplemented with computer morphometry, kidney preparations of premature infants, with extremely and very low body weight, born as a result of early preterm labor, during metanatal ontogenesis, accelerated development of nephrons, forming renal corpuscles and tubules, characterized by the predominance of morphometric indicators over kidney nephrons of full-term children, was revealed.


Ukrainian Abstract: Гострі культурні конфлікти є однією з головних проблем сучасної світової цивілізації. Тому соціологія має зосередитися на вивченні їх природи та особливостей розвитку суспільства доби постмодерну. У статті досліджується механізм внутрікультурної взаємодії та суспільного розвитку з позиції системного та синергетичного підходів. Сторонами соціокультурної взаємодії пропонується вважати субкультури. Різні етнічні субкультури зумовлюють функціонування та розвиток мультикультурного суспільства. Інтеграція усіх субкультур є головною умовою його подальшого існування.English Abstract: Tense cultural conflicts are one of the main problems of contemporary global civilization. That is why social sciences have to focus on the research of the grounds of these conflicts and peculiarities of socio-cultural processes in the age of post-modernity. The mechanism of interaction inside culture system and a phenomenon of multiculturalism are analyzed in the article. The subcultures are considered being the parts of socio-cultural interaction. According to this approach multicultural society consists of various ethnic, religious, political, etc. subcultures which determine its function and development. Integration of all subcultures is a primary prerequisite for further existence of multicultural society. The outcome of socio-cultural development is shaped by different types of interaction of subcultures.


The role for government in generating social capital is to create the opportunities for individuals to establish relationships and shared values; that is, to facilitate the creation of networks. The site for network creation is the local community, and community strengthening is the means to do so. (Yehudi Blacher, CEO, Department for Victorian Communities, 2003) We opened our 1981 paper in this journal, '"Community": The Spray-on Solution', by noting that the previous decade had seen a rise in popularity of the concept of community. This, we said, was 'clearly displayed in the array of agencies or programs with community in their titles'. The argument we presented was that this usage of 'community' was ideologically driven. The term community was being cynically used to commend apparently cheaper community based services, while purporting to imply much more. What we address in this paper is how the continuing ideological deployment of 'community' has been joined by 'social capital', what Robert Putnam calls its 'conceptual cousin' (Putnam 2001: 21). In so doing we are especially interested in a linked and similarly vogue catchphrase, 'evidence based policy'. It is on the basis of Putnam's published research (eg 1993, 1994, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2003) that the idea of social capital has been given such a high profile in social policy discourse. As the opening quotation illustrates, policy makers have seized on social capital's utility for promoting community as the site where responsibility for ameliorating social problems lies. Social capital is represented by Putnam as readily quantifiable, on the basis of local participation. Thus the concept essentially provides for the operationalisation of community, giving this alluring concept its latest lease on life. But we will argue that the charm of Putnam's highly customized empirical evidence is primarily used to support the established communitarian policy trajectory. What is represented as 'evidence' is selected, embellished, distorted and applied so as to support existing policies. Evidence driven policy is more accurately described as policy driven evidence (Smith et al 2001, Marmot 2004, Crabtree, 2004). Evidence, policy and social capital It is unlikely to be coincidental that Harvard Professor Robert Putnam's take on 'social capital' soared to prominence in public policy (Putnam 1994, 1995, 2000), at the same time as 'evidence-based policy and practice' became fashionable. Various Australian governments now warmly embrace Putnam's work and draw on it for evidence that legitimates their policy development. However, as we discuss later, a great deal of the evidence cited comes directly from the USA--and is used without any attention to the many fundamental problems uncovered by critics. For governments, 'evidence' that points to enhancing social capital as the way to go, suggests efficacious social outcomes can be achieved cheaply, by encouraging social interaction at the local level, and by relying on the proven communitarian themes (Bryson and Mowbray 1981). This legitimates minimal government intervention, at a time when there is reluctance to redistribute material resources (Dow 1999; Everingham 2001; Cass and Brennan 2002). Before Putnam, social capital had relatively minor status in sociology, with Pierre Bourdieu (1986) taking a left position and James Coleman (1988) in education, taking a conservative stance. The roots of the Putnam version are also broadly traceable to rational choice theory (Spies-Butcher 2002). Although rarely acknowledged, in 1867 Karl Marx used the term social capital (gesellshaftliche Kapital) to refer to the aggregate of 'individual capitals that formed a fund for further production' (Farr 2004: 23). Farr points out that, though the term 'social capital' was not generally used in the work of nineteenth century political economists including Karl Marx, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Henry Sidgwick, Alfred Marshall and John Bates Clark, their work underscores 'the importance of associations for begetting social capital'. …


A method is presented for the identification of external excitations acting on distributed-parameter systems and, for certain cases, the parameters contained in the equations of motion of the distributed system. By extracting the modal coordinates from the system output, and using these modal coordinates to identify the modal excitations acting on a number of modes, the actual external disturbances are synthesized. The modal coordinates are extracted from the system output by interpolation of the sensors measurements and use of the expansion theorem, a process known as modal filtering. It is shown that the accuracy of the identification improves as the number of sensors is increased. The effects of factors such as measurement noise and interpolation error are analyzed.


Inspite of several efforts and policies by the state on biofuels, the progress of biofuels has not been significant so far. Thus, biodiesel has been not developed though there were some areas where ethanol production has been growing steadily being related to sugarcane plants. This paper review the biofuel situation, feed stocks condition and the prospects of biofuel production in India. Though, several states have been promoting Jatropha but eventually in the coming years, the grower farmers were not motivated by it. Majority of the farmers has uprooted and replaced Jatropha with other agricultural crops. Also, since Jatropha required several processes in order to convert into biodiesel oil, some industry would prefer to rely on hassle free imported biofuels such as palm oil in place of Jatropha. The high competition of ethanol against potable alcohol needs a clear and strong strategy to increase the ethanol demand. Also, several studies of the state had shown that some were quite promising while some were not that worth mentioning. Therefore, doubt still arises if the programmes should continue on a large scale.


There are two problems of the traditional life and reliability estimation methods of Accelerated Life Test (ALT): one is the difficulty to establish the accelerated model and another is the complex computing of multiple likelihood equations. In this paper, we proposed a new prediction method of life and reliability for the constant stress accelerated life test using Grey RBF Neural Network. The accelerated stress levels and reliability are used as the training input vectors, while well-regulated failure data operated by Grey Accumulated Generate Operation (AGO) principle as training target vectors. Then RBF neural net is established and trained. Eventually, the failure data under normal stress can be predicted by putting the normal stress levels and the reliability into the model, and reliability curves can be drawn if life distribution is known. A simulation case is conducted and results are compared to that of BP algorithm, which demonstrates the validation of this model.


This project is a preliminary research on thermal performances and roof technologies of low cost houses in Kuching. The research mainly emphasized on the materials used in the roof construction. The aim of the project is to investigate the thermal performance characteristics in the low cost houses whether they are providing comfortable condition or not to occupants.


Aim: Most authors have recognized that coronal pre-flaring has several advantages and it provides accordance with the objectives of endodontic treatment. Together with glidepath, it constitutes the most appropriate work sequence for the success of canal shaping. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of glidepath on canal transportation and centring ability, using the WaveOne Gold with and without glidepath.
Methodology: 40 standard clear resin "S" shaped Endo Training Blocks (Dentsply, Maillefer, Switzerland) divided into two groups of 20 blocks were used in this study. The first group was prepared using WaveOne Gold Glider and WaveOne Gold while the second group was prepared with WaveOne Gold only. After the preparation, the amount of canal transportation, centring ratio, angle and radius of curvature, were measured on superimposed photos taken with an optical microscope. The two groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Student significant difference test. The level of significance was set at P<0.05.
Results: Less transportation and better centring ability occurred when using glidepath before root canal preparation (P<.0001). In these two groups there was a significant variation in the angles and radius of curvature compared to the initial values and this variation was found to be reduced when using glidepath.
Conclusions: Canal modifications seem to be significantly reduced when previous glide path was performed before using the WaveOne Gold. The use of glidepath reduced significantly the root canal transportation, minimized the curvatures straightening after the preparation and revealed a better centring ability.


According to a research of the functional zone of Binhai New Area in Tianjin,the construction background of Gangcheng Ave.BRT is presented and the advantages of developing BRT in Tianjin are proved.Combined with the engineering practical condition,the BRT project with Tianjin characteristics is put forward involving BRT station design,BRT operation management mode and BRT intelligent management information system.


Grid integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has been escalating in recent years, with two main motivations: reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and minimizing energy cost. However, the intermittent nature of solar PV generated power can significantly affect the grid voltage stability. Therefore, intermittent solar PV power generation and uncertainties associated with load demand are required to be accounted for to gain a holistic understanding on power grid voltage stability with the high penetration of PV energy sources. This article presents a framework for power grid voltage stability analysis considering uncertainties associated with PV power generation and load demand using Monte Carlo simulation. Commonly used voltage stability indicators such as critical eigenvalue, line loss, reactive power margin have been considered in the proposed framework. The proposed methodology has been verified by analyzing the voltage stability of the IEEE 14 bus test system, with the high penetration of PV energy sources and considering uncertainties associated with load demand. The results provide a clear insight into the voltage stability of power grid with different penetration levels of PV energy sources into the power grid.


Based on the independently-designed online evaluation and experiment device for the fouling prevention and corrosion inhibition in water treatment,the electromagnetic influence on circulating water parameters such as pH value and conductivity,calcium hardness and total alkalinity were investigated; and through having both chemical reaction equation and scale prevention mechanism combined in the analysis,the reason of this effect was analyzed to obtain a close relation between conductivity and total alkalinity.Correlation degree analysis was applied to verify above-mentioned conclusion.This method can provide theoretical and experimental basis for constructing mathematical model between electromagnetic parameters and water parameters.


In this research, we have examined the characteristics of university students' motivation and its connection with perceptions of the learning environment. Higher education teachers often find it challenging to decide how to organize their lectures and what instructional strategy they should use to be most effective. Therefore, we endeavoured to determine which  characteristics of the learning environment best predict the motivational orientation of students and their satisfaction with the course. The survey included 120 postgraduate students of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Ljubljana. In order to measure their motivation, we employed several scales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich etal., 1991). For the purpose of this research, we created a new questionnaire for their evaluation of the learning environment. The results revealed a high correlation between the intrinsic goal orientation, self-efficacy, and control beliefs. The most important factors of the learning environment that are connected with the formation of intrinsic goal-orientation and the enjoyment of education are the perception of the usefulness of the studied topics, a feeling of autonomy, and teacher support. To an extent, these findings are supported by the findings of those authors who recommend using those methods of teaching that are in compliance with the student-centred understanding of teaching and learning.


Low-voltage and low-power front-end design is required for the safe and long-term monitoring of cardiac signals. To address the low-voltage challenge, this paper presents a subthreshold source-coupled logic (STSCL) based time-domain comparator designed in 180 nm CMOS process technology. At a low supply voltage of 0.8 V, the STSCL time-domain comparator consumes 2.3 µW at 1 MHz. Using 4 stages, the input referred noise and the offset of the comparator are 32 µVrms and 1.8 mV, respectively.


Review of a book titled "Randi's Prize: What Sceptics Say About the Paranormal, Why They Are Wrong & Why It Matters" discussing psychical occurences and skepticism.


An attempt has been made in this work to evaluate the environmental chemistry of groundwater in Kodagu district. Karnataka, India. The results show that, the ground water of this district are well within the permissible limits. The data are subjected to various hydrochemical interpretations. According to USSL Classification, the ground water fall under mostly two types as C2S1 and C3S1. In one location it is found to be of C3S2 type with still moderately high salinity. The values of SAR are well within the permissible limit s. According to Handa's classification, the study area is characterized by water having both temporary and permanent hardness. However, most of the ground water samples have shown temporary hardness (65 %). The ground water salinity and sodium Hazard s (Handa) which are much useful for the agriculturists, in the present study area are characterized by four zones (C1S1, C2S1, C2S2 and C3S1). Based on Schoellers (1965. 67) water types most of the samples are found to be falling under type I. II and III except only one sample is in type IV.


A number of the physics capabilities have been upgraded in the development version of LAHET for the eventual use in MCNPX. These include a high-energy generator for particle interactions, complete definition for particle reaction and elastic scattering cross sections, a current mass excess tabulation, and an improved stopping power formulation. These developments are reported in this paper, along with some identification of the areas of continuing effort.


William James made many references to pluralism throughout his career. Interestingly, many contemporary psychologists also discuss pluralism and indeed call for pluralism as a corrective to the discipline's philosophical and methodological foundations. Yet, pluralism and the purposes to which it is applied are understood in a variety of ways, and the relation of contemporary pluralism to the pluralism(s) of William James is uncertain. This book offers conceptual clarification in both contexts, first distinguishing diverse senses of pluralism in psychology and then systematically examining different forms of pluralism across the writings of James. A comparison of meanings and analysis of implications follows, aimed at illuminating what is at stake in ongoing calls for pluralism in psychology.


The study was conducted to study the effect of calcium supplementation on Premenstrual and Menstrual Symptoms. It was a one year follow-up prospective, randomized controlled interventional study. After the initial 2-cycle screening phase, a total of 215 healthy premenopausal women were enrolled in the study group calcium supplementation(500 BD) of the trial and 140 subjects either the relatives or neighbors of the study population were enrolled as control group health, nutrition, hygiene education of the trial. By the second and third treatment months, all symptoms except for fatigue and insomnia showed a significant response to calcium. For the symptom of low backache, the mean screening score was significantly higher than the control group score (0.82±0.74 vs 0.69±0.66,p=0.033) and became significantly lower than the control group score by the end of third treatment cycle. (0.30±0.45 vs 0.49±0.59,p<0.01). Nearly half (55%) of the women in the study group reported ≥50% improvement and one-third (30%) of the women in study group reported ≥75% improvement. Significantly lower symptoms score was detected in the urban sites during the first treatment phase with calcium and during the final treatment phase


Abstract Two hundred seventy-five non-institutionalized senior citizen volunteers participated in this study that evaluated the impact of rural senior service centers on emotional and practical issues affecting elder consumers. Responses of participating seniors were compared to a similar group of seniors who did not participate. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the two groups on issues of loneliness, nutrition, and overall quality of life. Findings have strong implications for activity specialists in the field of gerontology.


For optimizing the flue gas cleaning systems, a model was developed by computational fluid dynamics to simulate the flue gas cleaning by the spray dryer of a waste incineration power plant. In this model, the momentum, energy, turbulence and composition equations of flue gas, the momentum equation of slurry droplets, and evaporation and cleaning models of droplets were solved together. The efficiencies of desulp- hurization and dechlorination were obtained. The effect of pollutants concentration entering the spray dryer, gas velocity, slurry concentration, and stoichiometric ratio on the removal efficiencies of HCl and SO2 were investigated by this model. The removal profiles of them along the reactor's height were presented. And these simulation results were compared with the experimental data. Results show that the model can be used to evaluate the removal efficiencies of HCl and SO2 of the gas cleaning system with an error less than 5% between simulated results and measured values. This model can be referenced in adjusting parameters of the flue gas cleaning system of a waste incineration power plant.


This paper mainly introduces five typical multi-target detection(order detection) methods in different noise environment,they are AIC,EDC,EGM,GDE and EIT methods.Theoretical analysis,statistical analysis through computer simulation and water tank experiment about these methods have been done.Aiming at the degradation of detection performance caused by array error and environment noise in real system,a novel diagonal loaded amendatory algorithm which can improve statistical performance of the aforementioned methods through adjusting amendatory value is proposed.This novel algorithm not only improves the detection performance of these multi-target detection methods in low signal-noise-ratio,but also enhances robust property in high signal-noise-ratio.


Osteocyte is the most important functional cell type in osseous tissue, which is vital in response to mechanical stimuli, bone remodeling, mineral metabolism and homeostasis. Lacuna-canalicular networks serve as the fundamental structural microenvironment for osteocyte residing in and functioning. The rigid bone matrix mainly composed of type- Ⅰ collagen and hydroxyapatite provides the biochemical microenvironment for osteocyte adhesion and interaction with other cells and extracellular matrix. It is also accepted that the surrounding mechanical microenvironment is vital for osteocyte. Furthermore, due to the sensitive dependence on the surrounding environment, osteocyte will be greatly influenced by the changes of surrounding microstructures,biochemical components and mechanical stimulations. The microenvironment surrounding osteocyte is therefore of crucial importance to both elucidating the mechanism of mechanical perception and discovery of new biological functions. However, the complicated lacuna-canalicular network surrounded by rigid bone matrix makes the study of osteocyte in vivo technically difficult. It can be of great significance to reconstruct bionic microenvironment in vitro for further revealing the functions of osteocyte. The systematic introduction of structural, biochemical and mechanical microenvironment surrounding osteocyte was presented here, and the recent technologies for simulation of bionic microenvironment in vitro were also reviewed. This review will provide a useful reference for researchers who are interested in osteology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.


The invention relates to a U-shaped heat exchange tube with a multi-aperture surface, which comprises a parent tube and a multi-aperture layer that is adhered on the surface of the parent tube; the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube is Phi 10mm to Phi 57mm, the thickness of the multi-aperture layer on the surface of the heat exchange tube is 0.1 to 0.5mm, the porosity of the heat exchange tube is 30 to 60 percent, and the smallest bending radius Rmin of a first bending pipe section of the U-shaped heat exchange tube is not less than two times of the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube; the two end parts of the heat exchange tube have smooth surfaces with the length that is less than or equal to 300mm. The U-shaped heat exchange tube is used in U-shaped tube-typed and shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and has freely stretching tube bank, good thermal compensation performance, longer flow path, higher flow speed, and better heat conductivity and strong bearing capacity.


The tensor product of vector and arbitrary representations of the non-standard q-deformation U'q(son) of the universal enveloping algebra U(son) of Lie algebra son is defined. The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients of the tensor product of vector and arbitrary classical type representations of q-algebra U'q(son) are found in an explicit form. Some important corollaries are considered. In particular, the Wigner-Eckart theorem for vector operators is proved.


The routing problem for tanker-refuellers is considered. The tankers start at the bun- kering company and must serve several ships in different ports. In principle the modeling and algorithmic approaches for capacitated vehicle routing problems can be used. Since the demands of the ships are uncertain and vague they are modeled using fuzzy sets. The first compromise solution can interactively be modified to meet the decision makers requirements with respect to the different criteria. The re- sults are demonstrated using a small example.


Aid, also known as foreign aid, international aid or overseas aid, is the assistance given from a donor country to the people of a recipient country to help reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development. Governments and non-government organisations (eg World Vision) are the main providers of aid. Businesses and individuals are the main sources of non government aid. There are two main types of aid: bilateral aid and multilateral aid. This article focuses its attention on Australia's bilateral aid programs - government and non-government.


The language of Dongxiang nationality in China is only an oral one without relevant written codes.Accordingly,problems naturally come up in its basic education.For example,teaching language used in class is a challenge in bilingual teaching,it is quite difficult to transfer meaning by Chinese as a second language,the efficiency of teaching is questionable,there are not enough bilingual teachers,and so on.These problems result from the scanty research and study on such bilingual teaching,inefficient guidance to student on Chinese learning,etc.Therefore,for those ethnic minorities who have no written language to be employed as assist in teaching,the educators must make an profound thinking and study on the necessity,time,sources,method of Chinese learning as well as on the function of the native language in bilingual teaching, so as to work out a strategy and mode to speed Chinese learning,improve the level of bilingual teaching and enhance the quality of basic education.


Continuous culture of uranium-leaching bacteria was carried out to simulate industrialized bio-heap leaching using a small-scale biomembrane oxidizing tank.The oxidation rate of Fe2+,the output of bacteria liquid,the contain of dissolved oxygen and the aeration rate of oxidizing tank are studied during the culture process.The forming and aging rules of biomembrane are also investigated.


From A slow leak rate in order to achieve a wide measurement range up to higher leak rate, switching from the normal operation of the course (coarse) operation is performed. The course operation, inhaled gas stream is separated through different aperture (D4, D2), aperture leading to the test gas sensor (16) has a low flow rate. This method of operation, a large amount of test gas reaches the sensor surface (17), to prevent contamination of the sensor. According to another option, the course operation, only a portion of the sensor surface (17) is covered by the test gas. Other parts are washed.


The archetypical wind‐accreting X‐ray pulsar Vela X‐1 is known to be variable on a large range of timescales. Relatively tranquil phases exist as well as extended phases of high variability and flaring. We present results from a systematic study of variations with orbital phase and other timescales based on RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT data.


In this article, we systematically investigated the Ta/Al/Ni/Au and Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts, and contact formation mechanism on ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) AlN barrier heterostructure without using the source–drain regrowth technique. The excellent ohmic contact performance of the Ta-based scheme was observed. The transmission line model (TLM) results depicted an ultralow contact resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.08 \Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>mm and a specific contact resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.06\times 10^{-{7}} \,\, \Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2. Atomic force microscope (AFM) shows that the Ta/Al/Ni/Au sample presents a surface morphology improvement compared with the Ti/Al/Ni/Au sample. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) illustrated that the dominant contact mechanism for ultralow resistance is direct contact through TaxAlyAuz alloy penetration. Meanwhile, the difficulty of contact formation for the Ti-based sample was also discussed through the microstructural analysis. These results demonstrate that the proposed Ta/Al/Ni/Au metal scheme is a high-performance and cost-effective ohmic contact technique well suited for AlN/GaN HEMT fabrication process.


Background: Low-salt dietary behavior is applied to regulate or c ntrol habits in salt intake every day in people with high blood pressure or hypertension. Aim: To identify the form of low-salt dietary behavioral efficacy interventions, an instrument for measurin g indicators and the effect of the behavior of low-sa lt diets on people with high blood pressure.. Method: Using electronic data bases in the search for artic les from journals that have been published through PubMed, Cengage, ScienceDirect. Results: After reviewing the article, it was found that the b havior of low-salt diet had an effect on increasi ng habits and self-efficacy on the use of salt accordi ng to dietary guidelines, contributing to a decreas e in blood pressure, and quality of life related to health whe n compared with patients or groups who only receive d standard care. The instruments used are quite varied, relate d to the most widely used indicators of blood press ure measurement are the Sphygmomanometer model, and 24hour urine indicators using a salt percentage meter (Compact salt meter) and 24-hour urine salt concent ration (KME-03 Salinity checker and Atom Absorption Flame Spectrometry), self-efficacy (general measure ment scale), self-care measurement (12-item knowled ge of hypertension index) and health-related quality of l ife after discharge from hospital (SF-12 & The Kans as City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Low-salt dieta ry behaviors also increase awareness of factors tha t influence adherence to low-salt diets, reduce systo lic blood pressure, good blood pressure control sta tu . Conclusion: Increases self-efficacy, self-care, attention or fo cus, awareness of salt usage of less than 4 grams per day, intention to change habits / behavior adds salt more than 4 g per day when preparing or cooki ng food, as well as the effect of improving quality of life after get out of the hospital ..


evening. He then complained of severe pain in both temples, great pain and tenderness on pressure of the abdomen, impatience of light, eyes glassy, and wild in their expression, delilirium, subsultus tendinum. His countenance was exceedingly oppressed, the surface generally very cold, tongue parched, and covered with a thick brown fur; pulse very quick (130), and wiry. He had vomited frequently, and had passed several small slimy stools. V. S. ad %vj. Leeches to the temples;


… I would like to discuss my longevity as my fear of life is greater than death … quote from a person with MND. With no known cure and no effective treatment yet available for Motor Neurone Disease (MND), this article focusses on quality of life, quality of care and quality of death, the three outcomes of a palliative approach to caring for people with MND (PwMND) and their family carers. A palliative approach emphasizes the need for a patient and family-centred care that focuses on the person and not only on the illness, the importance of therapeutic interactions between care providers and the patient and family, a clear communication all through the illness trajectory and it stresses in particular, the importance of goals of care and advance care plans.A palliative approach needs to be integrated into the care plan for PwMND from the time of diagnosis, aiming to optimise their quality of life by relieving symptoms, providing emotional, psychological and spiritual support pre-bereavement, minimising barriers to a good death and supporting the family post-bereavement. However, these outcomes cannot be achieved without the following cornerstones of a palliative approach to MND care which starts with an empathetic delivery of the diagnosis, the vital support of family carers, the involvement of MND Associations, the education and training of general health and community care practitioners and the connection between the informal caring networks with the formal networks, as exemplified by Compassionate Communities policies and practices.The present article describes a number of evidence-based initiatives from diagnosis to bereavement that need to be implemented in standard practice in order to improve the health and social care of PwMND and their family carers. The drive to find a cure should not detract from the fact that PwMND and their families still need to be supported physically and psychologically until then, by all service providers using a palliative approach, through the continuum of care from start to end.


Farmer's quality is meaningful to the formation and development of agricultural industry clusters.The backward condition of Guangxi rural labor force is unsuited for the development of agricultural industry clusters and limits the further development of agricultural industry.We should improve the quality of the rural labor force by the ways of strengthening compulsory education,conducting technical training,and making incentive policies for rural human resources development etc.


The invention discloses a corn three-to-empty dense-sparse-dense staggered planting method, which is a planting technology capable of creating edge effect and yield-increasing effect in the growth process of corns. According to the method, the plants are arranged in the field scientifically, that is, four ridges serve as one circle, and three ridges are planted and one ridge is empty; according to the row spacing of the planted three ridges of corns, the row spacing of the two edge ridges near empty ridges is 1/2 of that of the middle ridge; the edge row space of each single plant in the field is increased, so that the ventilating and light-transmitting conditions of each single plant are greatly improved; and on the conditions that the production cost is not increased and the operation is simple, the yield of the technology is increased by over 10 percent as compared with that of the existing conventional planting method and the yield of the technology is increased by over 5 percent as compared with that of the existing other planting methods.