Received 16 August 2006; revised manuscript received 15 December 2006; published 7 February 2007The interaction of externally controlled chirped femtosecond pulses in a two-photon material was investi-gated. Numerical simulations based on the solution of nonlinear Schrodinger equation, including two-photonabsorption and nonlinear propagation effects, were compared to experiments performed on CdS crystal. Theexperimental results for different chirps positive and negative are found to be in excellent agreement with thenumerical simulations. A temporal narrowing of the probe beam due to a cross-phase modulation from a pumpbeam was also observed.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.052301 PACS number s : 78.47. p, 42.65.Re, 42.65.An


This article presents the volume of collected papers that were delivered as reports at the "Actual Problems of History and Theory of Art VIII" International Conference held in Moscow in October, 2018.
The book mainly contains the materials on art from ancient times till the Renaissance, Oriental studies and art critical surveys.
Taking the main debating topic and the emphasis of the conference of 2018 into consideration, along with the idea of Borders and Horizons that was in the focus of the conference, the book is also focused on the problems of insight and interpretation of boundaries between genres, media, schools, styles, and epochs.


In collapse theories of quantum mechanics such as the GRW theory, the measurement result is represented by the post-measurement state which is still a superposition of different result branches, although the modulus squared of the amplitude of one result branch is close to one. This leads to the tails problem. In this paper, I present a new analysis of the tails problem of collapse theories, and suggest a more complete solution to the problem. First, I argue that the tails problem exists not only in collapse theories, but also in Everett's theory and even in Bohm's theory. Moreover, I point out that the tails problem has two levels: the physical and mental levels, which may be called the objective and subjective tails problems, respectively. One needs to analyze not only the connection between high modulus-squared values and macro-existence, but also the connection between these values and our experience of macro-existence. Second, I briefly review the existing solutions to the objective and subjective tails problems. I argue that although the objective tails problem may be solved more directly, one needs to further investigate the psychophysical connection in order to solve the subjective tails problem. Third, I analyze how the mental state of an observer is determined by her wave function in collapse theories. It is argued that the mental content of an observer is related to the amplitude of each result branch of the superposition she is physically in, and it may be composed of all possible results. Moreover, it is conjectured that the modulus squared of the amplitude of each result branch may determine the vividness of the part of the mental content containing the result. Finally, I argue that this vividness conjecture may help solve the subjective tails problem of collapse theories.


Comparative study on 12 agronomical characters of primary bianthophyta cole-wort and primary unianthophyta cole-wort of group 05-788 show that there is extremely significant difference between primary bianthophyta cole-wort and primary unianthophyta cole-wort in yield per plant and the number of shale per plant;there is significant difference between primary bianthophyta cole-wort and primary unianthophyta cole-wort in plant height,ramification location,ramification number every time,shale number of primary anthophyta and thousand-grain weight.


This study uses the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS data) from 2013 to study 1) the contribution of child maintenance to the income packages of lone mothers, 2) the proportion of lone mothers receiving child maintenance and the level of child maintenance for those receiving it, and 3) the extent to which child maintenance is helping families that may need it the most (those at the low end of the income distribution), compared with families with moderate or higher incomes. Our analysis covers data from five countries: Finland, Germany, Spain, UK and the USA. Our results show that in all countries except the UK, labour income is an important source of income for lone mothers and less than 40 percent of income comes from social transfers. Child maintenance contributes significantly to the income of lone mothers, particularly in Spain, followed by the USA and Germany. We find the highest coverage of child maintenance receipt in Finland. In the other countries, only one third of lone mother households receive child maintenance. The median amounts of maintenance are the lowest in the UK and Finland but there is great variation in the level of child maintenance within countries. The comparison of the quintile groups reveals that in the USA the lone mothers in lowest income quintile do not seem to benefit as much from child maintenance compared with the highest income quintiles, whereas in Finland, Germany and Spain more lone mothers in the low-income quintiles receive maintenance. However, amounts are quite equal across income quintiles.


This chapter describes how institutions can best use data from the Campus Pride Index, focusing on student recruitment and resource/policy advocacy for LGBTQ constituencies.


The article in devoted to cultural, structural and semantic peculiarities of French comparisons. The emphasis is laid upon the role of noun and adjective in creating the image of comparison and stylistic peculiarities of French similes and means of their translation into the Russian language.


Leafy vegetables (Brassica oleracea, Brassica chinensis, Basella alba, and Lactuca sativa) from market sites of Regions 3 and 4 in Guyana were tested for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe. Results indicate significant differences in elemental concentrations among the vegetables analyzed, with Cd, Co, and Mn exceeding the safe limits in all vegetables, and Pb and Fe exceeding this limit in some vegetables. Cu and Zn did not exceed the safe limits in any of the vegetables. B. chinensis contained higher levels of Cd, Pb, and Co than the other vegetables while B. alba contained the lowest levels of these elements. Concentrations of the other elements varied in the vegetables so that no specific trend was established. A high concentration of some metals in the vegetables analyzed may be attributable to their concentrations in the soils irrigated with mineral-rich water and fertilized with metal-rich compounds. A risk factor exists for consumption of the leafy vegetables.


In the implementation of the"Long-range Planning Program for Urumqi",the method of managing the present conditions and characteristics of city planning through a spatial data management function of GIS was adopted.With the help of this powerful function of data storing and management,the geographic information was integrated with census data in the city planning,an object-oriented census spatial database was established,and the uniform storing and management of spatial and attributes data were realized.Spatial analysis is another important function of GIS.The paper illustrated the spatial distribution of census density and explained the reasons for the imbalance of people distribution in the process of the city's expansion. Finally,it could supply reliable data for decision-making regarding the city's long range planning and development.


Objective
To explore a surgical method for the reconstruction of naturally dynamic double eyelid by fully reserving orbicularis oculi muscle.

Methods
Incisional double eyelid blepharoplasty were performed on 352 patients. Orbicularis oculi muscle in incisional and pretarsal area were completely preserved. Muscle was elevated from plate by resecting deep muscular myolemma and muscles to form pretarsal myocutaneous flap. Thereafter, the orbital septum was completely exposed. The free end of muscle flap was fixed to a higher position of the levator aponeurosis. The orbital septum was repaired at the same time.

Results
From June 2009 to December 2017, 352 patients were performed double eyelid blepharoplasty using above technique. They are 337 females and 15 males. Fifty-two patients were followed up for 6-60 months, with the mean time of 27 months. All the incisions were uneventfully healed. The new double eyelid presented smooth appearance, and the so-called " sausage" phenomena were not noticed. There was no concave groove or step-like deformity when eyes closed. Forty-five patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Two patients had shallower supratarsal folds on one side, and 1 patient underwent secondary repair. Two patients complained about asymmetry. Two patients suffered from mild unilateral eyelash eversion (without need of reparation).

Conclusions
The combined application of deep and superficial myolemma release of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and orbital septum reset, could create a double eyelid with natural and dynamic appearance.

Key words:
Orbicularis oculi muscle; Orbital septum reset; Doubling eyelid operation by incision method


Trademarks are intellectual and industrial properties developed under the commodity economy, representing reputation, quality and reliability of firms. Therefore, in order to prevent the registration of new trademarks from having a high-degree similarity with registered ones, we propose a new trademark retrieval method. Based on the fact that the shape and color of a trademark are varied, our proposed method combines a metric convolutional neural network (CNN) and conventional hand-crafted features to describe the trademark images. More specifically, we first train the CNN based on Siamese and Triplet structures, and then extract the hand-crafted features from convolutional feature maps. For this research, we utilize a challenging trademark dataset that contains 7139 various color or gray images. Besides, extensive experiments on our dataset and the METU public dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in trademark retrieval and achieve the state-of-the-art performance compared to traditional countermeasures.


This article presents a procedure for optimizing the scalar quantizer, based on the power spectrum density of the quantization noise. The input signal is assumed stationary in the wide sense, but no restriction is made concerning its probability density function.


We show that there are propagating modes for electromagnetic waves in a periodic array of superconductor and insulator with two-dimensional symmetry. For waves polarized perpendicular to the array, the vector Maxwell equations reduce to a scalar wave equation for the nonvanishing component of electric field. This reduction is still valid if the superconducting component has an anisotropic dielectric tensor, as in the high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} CuO-based materials. Using the Mattis-Bardeen form for the finite-frequency conductivity of a superconductor below its gap, the wave equation becomes formally identical to a Schroedinger equation. We give numerical examples for the case of a two-dimensional array of air cylinders embedded in a superconducting host. The results suggest that these modes may be observable in a highly anisotropic high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} superconductor with {ital c} axis parallel to the direction of wave polarization.


The research was carried on toxicity of Chinese herb compounds making to Cyprinus carpio L., they were fed with basical formulated diet supplemented seperated with 2% compound Chinese herbals (Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, L. chinense Mill, Lonicera japonica Thunb, Astragalus membranaceu). The activities of CAT and SOD in erythrocyte and activities of GOT and GPT serum were measured respectively on the 14th, 28th and 42th days. The results showed that the CAT activities in erythrocyte of compound Ⅰ had significant difference with the control group (P<0.05). When on the 28th and 42th days, only compound Ⅰ improved activities of CAT in erythrocyte, the other compands did not have the singicant difference compared to the control group, On the 28th day, SOD activities in erythrocyte of all compounds had very significant difference with the control group (P<0.01). On the 28th day, GOT activities in serum of compound Ⅱ and compound Ⅲ had very significant difference with the control group (P<0.05), the other compand groups didn't have signicant difference with the control group; on the 42th day, GPT activities in serum of all compounds had very signicant difference with the control group (P<0.01). The results showed that Chinese herb compounds could be added to feed in Cyprinus carpio L. to increase its serum transaminase and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, which was suggested that the medicated time was 28 d, and the most effective compound was compound.


By means of the closely intermeshing twin-screw extruder as the reactor and the mixed styrene (S) and butadiene (B) as the monomer,a novel multi-block copolymer (S/B) was synthesized by bulk polymerization with the organic lithium initiator.The PB blocks of copolymers were cleaved by reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of osmium tetroxide,then the small molecules were removed out of the system by purification.It was confirmed by 1H-NMR and FTIR,that the double bonds in the molecule chains of the copolymers were fully oxidized,on the other hand,the segments of polystyrene in the molecules of the copolymers were kept intact.The segments of polystyrene after oxidization were characterized by GPC cooperating with the multi-angle laser light scattering instrument(MALLS).It was found that the molecule of the copolymers was made of a segment of polystyrene with M_n of 1×104~5×104 linking tens of S-B blocks.Cooperated with the survey of TEM photographs,it was confirmed that processing could decide the structure of the polymer molecules.


The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of intravenous (IV) rizatriptan (MK‐0462), a novel 5‐HT1D/1B receptor agonist for the acute oral treatment of migraine, were examined in an open, single‐dose, four‐period, randomized crossover study in healthy females. Results of this study indicated that IV rizatriptan (0.5–5 mg) was well tolerated. The disposition kinetics of rizatriptan were linear for IV doses up to and including 2.5 mg. Relative to the 0.5 mg dose, geometric mean dose‐adjusted AUC ratios were 1.04, 1.09, and 1.18 for 1, 2.5, and 5 mg doses, respectively. Apparent plasma clearance (Cl) ranged between 859 and 941 mL min−1 from 0.5 to 2.5 mg, but dropped to slightly below 800 mL min−1 for the 5 mg dose. Therefore, the elimination of rizatriptan appears somewhat dose dependent at the high end of this dose range. Mean plasma half‐life (t1/2) was 1.5–2.2 h across all doses while mean residence time in the body (MRT) and steady state volume of distribution (Vss) of rizatriptan remained relatively invariant across doses. Urinary excretion of rizatriptan (Ue) ranged from 14.5 to 34.6% of dose. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The large variety of configuration management (CM) tools available makes it difficult for the customers to select the appropriate one for their needs. Thus this research investigated the users' perception of CM tools in order to gain information useful for customers and CM tool developers. In total 72 system administrators were sampled and qualitative data was collected through structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to find the best CM tool according to selected criteria. The most desired deployment properties were installability, configurability, scalability and stability and the most appreciated specification management properties were language, access control, monitoring and testing properties. Another important factor was whether the CM tool vendors provided good customer support. However, on the basis of people's perception CFEngine was the best tool to use in large infrastructure.


Transposition in conservative fields reaches its full potential in case that is unexplainable for any well-established theory. There are a number of phenomena and findings in various areas of science that stays in disagreement with those theories. Number of them were analyzed and described in this paper. Additionally, reason for Z-Process and its consequences in the galaxy scale was given.


Reviewed literature suggests that individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) demonstrate cognitive deficits in attention, learning/memory, and executive functions. Less is known regarding the relationship between sleep disturbance and language abilities among individuals with PTSD. We hypothesized that subjective perceptions of PTSD-related sleep disturbance would impact language generativity in Veterans with PTSD.

 38 individuals (mean age = 46.58, SD = 13.55; 10% female) were administered a brief neurocognitive battery including measures of verbal generativity [i.e., Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: Verbal fluency subtest], PTSD symptoms (i.e., clinically significant PTSD = > 35 on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV), self-report measures of sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory; PSQI), and PTSD-related sleep disturbances (PSQI – Addendum for PTSD). All participants had a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). An analysis of covariance was used to assess the contribution of PTSD-related sleep disturbance on verbal fluency in Veterans with PTSD. Post-hoc analyses were conducted.

 Those without PTSD performed better on letter fluency than those with PTSD (p=.019). There was no significant effect of PTSD (presence or absence) on letter fluency performance after controlling for subjective sleep quality, F(1, 35) = 1.43, p = .239. Follow up analyses failed to show any associations between PTSD and other cognitive measures.

 PTSD related sleep disturbance accounts for a significant portion of the variance in the relationship between PTSD and verbal generativity. Individuals with a history of mTBI and current PTSD symptoms, may have worse verbal generativity but is partially accounted for by PTSD related sleep disturbance.


We have developed detectors design for high resolution spectroscopic imaging for the EUV spectrometer on the ORFEUS-SPAS mission. The detectors employ spherically curved microchannel plates and a delay line read out system. We present results from the testing and calibration of the detectors prior to their integration into the spectrometer. The design, MCP preconditioning, and imaging characteristics are discussed for 2 rectangular spectral detectors and for the fine guidance detector. Each spectral detector achieves a 30 X 100 micrometers FWHM resolution element size over a 95 mm X 25 mm anode format with good linearity (< 30 micrometers ) in the spectral direction. The fine guidance detector, used for drift corrections, achieves good resolution and will meet the necessary centroiding requirements.


In his criticism of Adorno's Aesthetic Theory, Hans Robert Jauß argues that Adorno widely neglects the constitutive role of reception in art, particularly forms of interaction like enjoying, identification, or catharsis (Jauß 1982: 64–65). If he is right, every attempt to analyze Adornos Aesthetic Theory via strategies that evoke certain effects would be in vain. As a matter of fact, Adorno himself expresses reservation about the effort to understand artworks by their effects. He defines the logic of the artwork as "determined objectively in themselves without regard to their reception"1 (Adorno 2013: 188). By this statement Adorno might think of a research tradition, which investigates individual reactions towards the experience of art. In contrast to these empirical studies, from which Adorno wants to distance himself, another research area, namely an abstract one, considers effects of reception as linked to the textual structures. Of course, it takes an act of reading to actualize those structures, but from the perspective of thinkers such as Wolfgang Iser or Umberto Eco, effects cannot be engendered without considering them as implicit models and intentional aims of the artwork. On the basis of this research line, this essay looks at whether and how it is possible to approach one of the most important aspects of Adorno's Aesthetic Theory: the riddle-character of art.Without doubt the term implies an activating mode for those trying to solve the riddle. Regarding the different ways of interaction in the process of riddling, I am going to answer the two following questions. First, how does Adorno conceptualize the riddle-character of art, and in which ways does it relate to concepts of interpretation, sense, and truth? Furthermore, which role does the riddle-character play in the reconciliation, which is according to Adorno the great achievement of art in society? Second, on the basis of the novels Irre, by Rainald Goetz (1983), and Ich werde hier sein im Sonnenschein und im Schatten, by Christian Kracht (2008), I am going to review whether the riddlecharacter, as Adorno understands it, actually describes all kinds of modern literature – particularly developments in contemporary literature, which strongly works in a dialectic mode of involvement and disruption. By answering these questions, I want to highlight another aspect of modern literature; namely,


Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) as it is emerging to be a promising mechanism for discovering the underwater environment efficiently. Geographic routing is considered the promising routing protocol for UWSNs. Geographic routing relies on geographic position information, hence the data packets are sent using its geographic location of the destination instead of the destination network address. Geographic routing protocol suffers from a drawback called communication void region. The basic idea of DBR is to forward data packets greedily towards the water surface. To maintain explicit paths to route data along communication void regions. These approaches cause an overload in the underwater acoustic channel leading to excessive packets collisions. GEDAR uses the greedy forwarding strategy to advance the packet, at each hop, towards the surface sonobuoys. GEDAR overcomes the problem of the void region by depth adjustment technology. GEDAR removes the void nodes through depth adjustment topology controlling mechanism. A recovery mode procedure based on the depth adjustment of the void node is used to route data packet when it get stuck at a void node. GEDAR improves the network performance when compared with existing underwater routing protocols. GEDAR improves the network performance when compared with existing underwater routing protocols for different scenarios of network density and traffic load.


Dopfer et al.; "Inhalation of Tobramycin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Comparison of Two Methods'; Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology; 58(5); pp. 141-154; (2007). Unterman, et al.; "Collagen Shield Drug Delivery: Therapeutic Con centrations of Tobramycinn in the Rabbit Cornea and Aqueous Humor': J Cataract Refract Surg; 14; pp. 500-504; (1988). Norwegian Search Report; NOApplication No. 201


Orally film formulation of the immediate wettability without the use of a surfactant did not use a polyalcohol and a rapid disintegrant sea component is polyvinylpyrrolidone at least one water soluble polymer, one or more active agent non-copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, and titanium dioxide the is accomplished by blending. In certain embodiments, the film comprises a hydroxypropyl cellulose, or hydroxypropyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or a substituted vinyl blood soluble polymer in the formulations of the Raleigh polymer or copolymer of money wettability (s). A plasticizer, and artificial sweeteners, any additive selected from a natural sweetener, a flavoring agent, an antioxidant, a colorant, and opacifying agents presently disclosed may be added to the film formulation for oral use.


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RUPEN EKSERGIAN 2 AND F. L. JACKSON. 3 Tltis paper offers a useful approach to the nnalysis of multisupporled pipe lines. The methods of the calculus of finite differences, particulnrly for lineal' differentinl equations, is n stnndnrd procedure in the calculation of symmetrically spnced discrete systems, such as distributed circuit elements, acoustic systems, and structural problems. It is intimntely relnted in the expansion of a symmetrical deterntinnnt with constant dingonal rows. The author himself has cited previous applications to the problems of multisupported continuous benms. He deserves credit for extending this application to piping structures. Table 1 of the pnper shows the rapid convergence to a finite end slope with a given end moment, with only three supports back in a multi supported pipe. With given end moments, the moments and reactions damp down rapidly after a few span lengths which permits good approximations to be made by assuming only a few endreaction support.s and then using ordinary methods for solving. In reviewing the author's nnalysis, it appears unnecessary to consider the added complication with overhanging "ears" and the several coefficients c, el, c, f, and g as listed in the nomenclature. Moreover, t.he m-bays shown in the author's Fig. 4 correspond, through symmetry, to an n = 2m bay beam, shown in Fig. 3. Again, we note the very rapid convergence for m-bays with free and fixed ends, where n = 2m in Table l. In the author's Equations [20] and [21], the lIf, Q, 0, and li refer to the moment, shear, angul:u', and lateral deflections, respectively, at the end of the extended overhang length, and are not to be confused wi th the author's M, Q, and 0 given in Equations [18] and [19] which apply at an end support. The relations between these moments and deflections are shown in Fig. 1 of this discussion where we designate the end reactions as Mb, Qb, and 0b' The reactions (now internal) at the end support.s, i.e., the author's /01, Q, and 0, nre designated as 111., Q., and 0" respectively. The moment at the end support is related to the external redundanls Mb and Qb


ANTENNA signal-to-noise ratio to be used as a correlation or reference signal for phase adjusting the remaining baseband signals. More specifically, the invention provides a means whereby the baseband output signals of all but one of the receivers associated with each of the antennas are summed and used as a correlation reference for the baseband signal not contained in the summed signal, thereby providing a plurality of correlation or alignment loops, each having an output signal related to the phase difference between its input baseband signal and the summed signal. The invention further provides a means for subtracting an output or error signal generated in one of the correlation loops whose baseband signal has a predetermined phase delay from all the other alignment loops, thereby avoiding interaction and reflection effects in the signal combiner. A variable phase delay means for each of the other baseband signals is controlled by its corresponding correlation loop. The invention discloses how a plurality of loops operating in the above manner provides a means for adjusting the phase of each baseband signal so that they will all be in phase with each other and can thus be added to provide a composite signal output having a higher signalto-noise ratio than any of the individual baseband signals.


The degrees of freedom of multi-compartment mathematical models for energy metabolism of a neuron-astrocyte complex may offer a key to understand the different ways in which the energetic needs of the brain are met. In this paper we address the problem within a steady state framework and we use the techniques of linear algebra to identify the degrees of freedom first in a lumped model, then in its extension to a spatially distributed case. The interpretation of the degrees of freedom in metabolic terms, more specifically in terms of glucose and oxygen partitioning, is then leveraged to derive constraints on the free parameters needed to guarantee that the model is energetically feasible. We also demonstrate how the model can be used to estimate the stoichiometric energy needs of the cells as well as the household energy based on observed oxidative cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) of glucose, and the glutamate cycling. Moreover, our analysis shows that in the lumped model the direction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cells can be deduced from the glucose partitioning between the compartments. The extension of the lumped model into a spatially distributed multi-compartment setting that includes diffusion fluxes from capillary to tissue increases the number of degrees of freedom, requiring the use of statistical sampling techniques. The analysis of distributed model reveals that some of the conclusions, e.g., concerning the LDH activity and glucose partitioning, based on a spatially lumped model may no longer hold.


ABSTRACT Interlibrary Loan (ILL) is intended to supplement a library's collection, but often patrons submit requests for items already owned. An analysis of a large academic library's ILL requests shows that in most cases the cataloging of bibliographic records is correct, but patrons need instruction in bibliographic searches and ILL policies and procedures. An unexpected result of the study was a realization that patrons are confused by the way items are shelved in the various branches.


Abstract : In December 1976, the Defense General Supply Center (DGSC), Richmond, Virginia, requested that MTMC conduct a rail facilities analysis. The principal objective of the study was to determine the ability of the rail facilities to transship supplies during a contingency situation. In June 1977, the Military Traffic Management Command Transportation Engineering Agency (MTMCTEA), Newport News, Virginia, conducted an onsite survey of rail trackage and warehouses. The major findings of the survey and the ensuing analyses were that most of the track presently used was in fair to good condition and that the rail receiving capability during a contingency was severely limited due to lack of contingency plans. The center occupies a tract of 660 acres, 8 miles south of Richmond and 14 miles north of Petersburg on US Highways 1 and 301. The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad serves the center, with a main line on the western border and a branch line on the eastern border. Twenty-seven warehouses occupy more than 5 million gross square feet of covered storage space and are served by 26 miles of railroad track. In 1976, the center shipped 91,349 tons of supplies and received 100,809 tons. Correspondingly, a monthly average of 615 trucks and 110 railcars were received while 785 trucks and 27 railcars were used to ship supplies. Trucking is presently the predominant mode of distribution at the center, with 63,721 tons per year received and 81,335 tons per year shipped, while rail receives 37,088 tons per year and ships 10,014 tons per year. This study will consider only rail facilities. (author)


The assertion "Our people are what set us apart from our rivals" is a common statement made by nearly every company, highlighting the significance of their people as the most valuable asset. Similarly, a corporate culture emphasizing risk awareness and learning from experiences has played a key role in shaping supply chain resilience (SCRES) amidst competitive dynamics in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Employee engagement, communication, and collaboration, as dimensions of SC risk awareness, determine the effectiveness of firms' cultures in handling large-scale disruptions with robustness and agility. Additionally, the COVID-19 crisis has had a positive impact on firms' learning orientation. The crucial necessity of digital supply chain (SC) transformation to enhance SCRES under pandemic conditions has further reinforced the need for dynamic adaptation and reconfiguration of firms' culture and employee skillsets through digital upskilling.


Methods have been suggested for the synthesis and isolation of the solid stereoisomer Pd(II) complexes with valine (ValH) 1 [Pd(Val) 2 ] and [Pd(ValH) 2 Cl 2 ]: cis- and trans-[Pd(S-Val) 2 ], cis- and trans-[Pd(R-Val) 2 ], cis- and trans-[Pd(R-Val)(S-Val)], trans-[Pd(S-ValH) 2 Cl 2 ], trans-[Pd(R-ValH) 2 Cl 2 ], and trans-[Pd(R-ValH)(S-ValH)Cl 2 ]. The compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and NMR. Kinetic and thermodynamic data for the process of cis ↔ trans isomerization of Pd(II) bisvalinates are considered.


In recent years, an increasing number of people have been suffering from over-weight, indicating the importance of a balanced dietetic lifestyle. Researches in nutrition and oral health have raised the importance of not only calorific consumption, but also eating habits quality such as the regularity of meals, eating speed, and food texture. A new model for the estimation of food texture by analyzing chewing sound collected from a wearable sensor is presented in this paper. The proposed model combining effective sound features extraction and classification methods make it possible to estimate quantitatively detailed texture of food a person is eating. The model has been implemented and shown being efficient (more than 90% accuracy) to estimate three food texture indices at eight detailed levels for each, with little influence of individual chewing differences.


Effects of Problem Context on Strategy Use within Functional Thinking Katherine L. McEldoon (email@example.com) Caroline Cochrane-Braswell (firstname.lastname@example.com) Bethany Rittle-Johnson (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody College #0552, 230 Appleton Place Nashville, TN 37203-5701 USA complex, presumably because these students had expertise interpreting the symbolic notation (Koedinger, Alibali & Nathan, 2008). Based on these findings, the ideal problem context seems to be dependent on the student's relative familiarity with linguistic and mathematic symbol systems. When introducing early algebra concepts to elementary school students, mathematics education researchers stress the importance of rich and intuitive background contexts. These are thought to ground students' understanding of the new mathematic concepts they are learning (Carraher, Martinez, & Schliemann, 2008). Story contexts were found to help third grade students solving arithmetic problems over comparable symbolic contexts (Baranes, Perry, & Stigler, 1989). These ideas are in line with learning theories that have emphasized the role of contextual knowledge in supporting the development of symbolic knowledge (e.g., Greeno, Collins, & Resnick, 1996; Vygotsky, 1978). Problem context can be varied in ways other than adding a story. The presentation of numeric information can be changed in ways which might alter how much attention is given to surface features versus the deep structure of the problem (Bassok, 1996). Having an understanding of the deep structure of a problem is important for fully understanding and correctly solving a problem. This study investigates the effect of problem context on problem solving strategy within functional thinking, a type of early algebraic reasoning. Functional thinking tasks are appropriate for students that range in age from early elementary, where story context has been shown to hurt, to early middle, where story context has been shown to help. Giving the same task to students in this age range will help elucidate the effect of problem context on problem solving strategy use. Abstract The effect of problem format on problem solving strategy selection is investigated within the early algebra domain of functional thinking. Functional Thinking is a type of algebraic reasoning appropriate for elementary students, in which a relationship exists between two sets of values. Three function table problems were given to students in grades two through six (N=232) in three different problem contexts. Problem context affected student strategy selection. Presenting the problem with non-indexical X values elicited the most correct strategy use, whereas the format with indexical X values elicited the most naive and incorrect strategy use. Presenting the problem in a story context did not help correct strategy selection, but it decreased incorrect strategy use. Findings highlight factors influencing strategy selection, and have implication for instructional design and problem solving. Keywords: Problem Solving; Context; Strategy Use; Mathematics; Functional Thinking; Algebra. Problem Format and Problem Solving The format a problem is presented in can affect how well a student understands the underlying concepts and skills the item is tapping (Collins & Ferguson, 1993; Day, 1988; Kirshner, 1989; Zhang, 1997). One problem context is a story context. Teachers and researchers often believe that story problems are harder for students than symbolic problems (Nathan & Koedinger, 2000; Nathan, Long, Alibali, 2002). National assessment data support this notion. Elementary student performance on story problems is generally worse than symbolic problems in the US (Carpenter, Corbitt, Kepner & Reys, 1980; Koba, Carpenter & Swafford, 1989). However, linguistic difficulties seem to account for younger children's poor performance on arithmetic story problems rather than inadequate knowledge of mathematics (Briars & Larkin, 1984; Cummins et al., 1988; de Corte, Verschaffel, & de Win, 1985; Hudson, 1983; Kintsch & Greeno, 1985; Riley et al. 1983). Once students have proficient linguistic skills, story contexts can have an advantage. In high school students, a verbal advantage of story problems has been found with in algebra and arithmetic. The advantage of story problems was not only a consequence of situated world knowledge facilitating understanding. This advantage was also due to difficulties comprehending the formal symbolic representations of the symbolic problem formats (Koedinger & Nathan, 2004). The effect of problem context was further clarified in college students. A story context was advantageous when the underlying problem was simple, but a symbolic context was best when the problem was Functional Thinking Functional Thinking is a type of mathematical thinking which focuses on the relationship between two (or more) varying quantities, specifically the kinds of thinking that lead from specific relationships to generalizations of that relationship across instances (Smith, 2008). The understanding of functions is also one of the core strands of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics expectations for mathematics curriculum. At the heart of functional thinking is a relationship between two particular quantities that can be described by a rule of correspondence (Blanton & Kaput, 2005). This rule of correspondence can


Surface of Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber were treated by chromic acid chemical etching,pyrrole chemical vapour phase deposition and the complex of these two methods,respectively.The change of surface properties and structure of fibers were discussed by Fiour Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR),Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that some new oxygenous groups could be found on surface of UHMWPE fiber after chromic acid chemical etching,which enhanced internolecular interaction with polypyrrole.The adhesion of the fiber and resin matrix increased after pyrrole chemical vapour deposition.When chromic acid etching combined with pyrrole chemical vapor deposition,the treated fiber not only has the same properties as original fiber but also outstanding adhesion to epoxy resin matrix,and its composites have better mechanic properties (shear strength),resulting from intennolecular interaction between treated fiber and polypyrrole.


This research reviews synthesis advance in PEG supported organic small molecules,from PEG supported linear chain com- pound for example amines compound、amide compound、thiourea compound and substituted thiourea compound、other compound,from PEG sup- ported heterocycle compound for example single heterocycle compound、multiple heterocycle compound two aspects generalizes the synthesis method of PEG supported organic small molecules and shows the future application and the development tendency.


In this project we proposed system which used mobile camera for capturing text and it convert that text into user defined language as well as audio format. Recognition of scene text is a challenging problem compared to the recognition of document which is printed. a approach is proposed to recognize text in complex background natural scene, formation of words from text which is recognized, checking spelling and translating words into user defined language and finally overlay translated word onto the image. The field of image processing has increased up to a new dimension because of availability of high resolution cameras. Now technology is rapidly growing, various technologies are being developed for handheld devices like tablets and Smartphone. Recent years, huge popularity gained by Android platform in terms of number of available applications and market share. Propose system help to blind persons read text and packaging of product from hand-held devices in their daily lives explore user interface issues and assess algorithm robustness in extracting then reading text from different objects with complex backgrounds.


FlexViewer is a applied process framework to meet the need of business-level programmer who wish to explore RIA.It has ad vantage of responsiveness and rich like desktop applications as well as characteristics like wide spread like Web.This paper analyzes the de sign structure and the Instance of the life cycle.Besides,this paper solves the problem of how to design a disaster retrieval system and obtain the system data source.Finally,the method of querying GeoRSS data and the examples of seismic disaster retrieval are come up with.


Lead consumption is increasing with the quantity of used batteries increasing, thus the trend of the lack of resource is more and more stressing. The battery cost is significantly increased because of the high price of lead. To decrease lead consumption while the performance requirements of batteries can be fulfilled and save lead during the production, it is necessary to increase the performances of batteries and decrease the consumption in all aspects such as technique improvement, manufacturing process, scientific research. Expanded grid, plastic grid, fibrous lead cloth grid and alternate materials for grid are good lead saving processes. At present, it is a quickly effective method to save lead by improving manufacturing processes, which is in line with the policies of energy saving , emission reducing and environment protection in our country.


In this article 37 agricultural listed companies being taken as example,non-system risk and other five relevant factors were researched with correlations and multi-regression analysis based on the SPSS software.It was found that non-system risk of agricultural listed companies rised gradually as the scale of company was growing.


The design of the advertisment player on shopping trolleys is proposed based on the behavior of impulsivity expenditure in markets.The advertisements can be downloaded and displayed live by the player for the customers to watch at any time.The double-core structure(MCU+MPEG) is adopted in the player.The main modules such as power module and audio module were tested.The preliminary development of low-cost player was fulfilled successfully.It's anticipated that this player can meet the needs of markets properly,and can promote the impulsivity expenditure of customers in markets.


Acoustic compliance was measured and calculated on tympanograms taken from 160-171 otologically normal human ears with the Middle-ear-function-measuring Apparatus, the test frequency being 300 Hz. The averaged maxium compliance was found to be 1.16 ml at zero ear-canal pressure (C0), and 1.29 ml at the point where pressure in the ear canal equaled that in the tympanic cavity (C0). The relative compliance of the tympanometry (amplitude of the tympanogram) was 0.65ml in average, but the individual difference is quite large, varying from the smallest 0.25 ml to the largest 1.61 ml. For the majority (96.1%) of the tested ears, pressure in the tympanic cavity, as shown by the, position of the peak of individual tympanograms, did not exceed 50mm H2O.
A new term of compliance ratio (CR) is introduced as a measurable parameter to express the gradient of compliance change which is of considerable importance in elinieal tympanogram interpretation. CR is defined as CP/C200 where C200 is the over-all amplitude of a tympanogram and CP is the compliance shift from the peak to a certain point corresponding to a P pressure change. It is proposed to take 50 and 100 mm H2O for P in routine compliance ratio measurement and comparison. CR is approximately 0.5 when P is 50 mm H2O.


In recent years, tubulin-binding agents such as CA4P and AC7700 have received much attention as a novel approach which can overcome many limitations of the conventional cytotoxic agents. In addition to their ability to inhibit microtubule assembly by binding to tubulin monomers resulting in cell-cycle arrest, tubulin binders also target tumor endothelial cells, which results in a rapid occlusion of tumor vasculature, leading to vascular shutdown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CKD-516, a prodrug of novel tubulin-binding agent S-516, in preclinical murine and human tumor models. In in vitro study, S-516 was found to be superior to AC7739 (parent molecule of its prodrug, AC7700) in terms of cytotoxicity against HL60 (IC 50 = 5 nM vs. 15 nM), tubulin polymerization inhibition (IC 50 = 4.3 \#956;M vs. 6.5 \#956;M), and HUVEC (human vascular endothelial cells) tube disruption assay. Moreover, treatment of HL60 with S-516 led to G 2 -M arrest and induced apoptosis at lower concentration than AC7739. CKD-516, a prodrug of S-516, is water-soluble (>100 mg/ml) and showed a significant in vivo antitumor activity in murine tumor models (CT26 and LLC): in CT26, IR = 33% at 5 mg/kg, 54% at 10 mg/kg, and 83% at 20 mg/kg, respectively (Q4D x 4, ip, p 3 , CKD-516 also demonstrated an excellent efficacy (IR = 70% at 10 mg/kg vs. 63% at 100 mg/kg of AC7700). CKD-516 was also highly efficacious (IR = 69% at 10 mg/kg) in a drug resistant cell line (HCT15) in which paclitaxel was devoid of activity. In a lung metastasis model where murine melanoma (B16BL6) was grafted to tail vein of mouse, CKD-516 at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip, significantly suppressed the metastasis of tumor to lung (p Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5561.


Detailed plant diversity information is lacking for Africa, as for many other regions in the tropics, therefore we have used our collection and observation databases to search for possible indicator groups. Digitization of specimen label data for Burkina Faso from the Herbarium Senckenbergianum (FR) and the Ouagadougou University Herbarium (OUA) led to a database containing 18 000 specimens. Field observations from about 3700 releves (Braun-Blanquet method, BIOTA standard releves, simple inventories) were added to the database and together used to model potential species distributions for Burkina Faso on a ten-minute grid. Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP) was used with temperature, precipitation, humidity, and elevation data. Based on these modeled distributions, overall vascular plant diversity was correlated to the diversities of the ten commonest families (Poaceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Mimosaceae, Asteraceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Malvaceae). Poaceae and Fabaceae turned out to be the most suitable taxa. The value of these families as indicators for assessing biodiversity is discussed. The results are compared to similar analyses based on releves only. Accepted 2 August 2007.


A year ago, in March 2005, the new International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines were launched. Though this launch was already a great success for what some had called a "Mission Impossible", it was at that time still quite uncertain whether the industry participants would accept and use them. In this paper, we provide the results of the survey we conducted within more than 200 funds in our portfolio on their expected adoption and on their accurate use of these new guidelines. These results clearly demonstrate the wide acceptance and use of these guidelines in Europe, i.e. a real "Private Equity homerun". In addition to that we tried to assess their impact on the funds' interim performances. For our portfolio, it appears that the introduction of the guidelines impacted positively the return of our portfolio and allowed to show earlier "fair values". This was mostly noticeable for buyout funds while venture capital funds did not appear to have been significantly impacted. This analysis also gives preliminary indication of a higher correlation between public indexes and reported funds valuations. Finally, we discuss the implications for Limited Partners and explain why we believe that, though valuations of the portfolio companies are now "fair", modelling and liquidity forecasting at the fund level are still required for proper portfolio management.


We provide an iterative method for finding a common solution of a finite family of equilibrium problems and of a fixed point problem, and prove its strong convergence. Our method extends an implicit method of Colao, et al. (Nonlinear Anal. 71 (2009), no. 7-8, 2708-2715) to an explicit method (in the case of a single nonexpansive mapping).


For Kichhoff-Love shell problems a new mixed formulation solely based on standard H spaces is presented. This allows for flexibility in the construction of discretization spaces, e.g., standard C-coupling of multi-patch isogeometric spaces is sufficient. In terms of solution strategies, for iterative solvers efficient methods for standard second-order problems like multigrid can be used as building blocks of a preconditioner. Furthermore, a combination of the proposed mixed formulation of the bending part with a popular mixed formulation of the membrane part in order to avoid membrane locking is considered. The performance of both mixed formulations is demonstrated by numerical benchmark studies.


Abstract Karl Barth and Georges Florovsky interacted in several contexts, beginning in 1931 and then later within the ecumenical movement. Although some have noted a 'Barthian' accent in Florovsky's Christocentric theology, in fact both theologians remained critical of the other. Making use of extensive historical sources, this article attempts to reconstruct the meeting between Barth and Florovsky, and to pinpoint the areas of fundamental reservation and disagreement between the two. As will be shown, at the heart of their disagreement lay the role of eschatology in its impact on ecclesiology, a difference finally Christological in foundation. This fundamental disagreement shows itself likewise in relation to the two theologians' ideas concerning history, the relationship of philosophy to theology and the place of Hellenism in Church tradition. The role of Florovsky's opposition to the sophiology of Bulgakov in his interpretation of Barth, and Florovsky's stance vis-à-vis the debate between Barth and Brunner on natural theology, will also be considered. Uniquely, Florovsky anticipated the contemporary debate concerning Barth's doctrine of election, and drew crucial connections between Barth and Bulgakov on this point – an issue which for him was related to the question of the role of German Idealism in modern theology. Notwithstanding these disagreements, this article concludes by highlighting crucial areas of convergence between Barth and Florovsky concerning Christocentrism, revelation and theology as an enterprise in fides quaerens intellectum. Florovsky's ideas on analogy, naming and realism in theology will also be illumined, in relation to Barth and with reference to Bulgakov and Torrance.


Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a platinum-based anticancer agent widely used for metastatic colorectal cancer. However it is efficacious against tumors, it induce severe peripheral neuropathy such as numbness and cold allodynia of the hands and feet. To attenuate these side effects, several drugs are used, however there are few analgesics to control the pain. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide, which functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. Recently, we found that intrathecal (i.t.) injection of PACAP induces long-term cold allodynia in mice, suggesting that PACAP-PACAP receptor systems in the spinal cord are involved in cold allodynia and that PACAP receptor antagonist could be a novel analgesics. More recently, we have developed a novel and small-molecule antagonist of PAC1 receptor (named PA-8) by in silico screening and in vitro/vivo pharmacological assays. Furthermore, we synthesized derivative compounds of PA-8 named PA-810 and PA-81004. In this study, we investigated the involvement of PACAP and its receptor in OXA-induced cold allodynia and examined the effects of PA-8, PA-810 and PA-81004 on OXA-induced cold allodynia Cold allodynia of the hind paw was assessed using the acetone test. Briefly acetone drop (10 µL) applied to the planter skin, and the time spent in elevating and licking the stimulated hind paw was measured for 60 s. Single administration of OXA (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the time of elevating and licking of the hind paw in response to acetone stimulation, from 1 to 10 days after the administration, compared to the vehicle administration group. We used mice on 4 days after OXA administration. I.t. injection of PACAP 6-38 (peptide antagonist of PACAP receptor, 0.1 nmol) and PA-8 (0.1-10 nmol) ameliorated the OXA-induced cold allodynia, suggesting that spinal PAC1 receptor is involved in the OXA-induced cold allodynia. Next, we examined the effects of systemic administration of PA-8, PA-810 and PA-81004 on OXA-induced cold allodynia. As a result, both intraperitoned and oral administration (3-30 mg/kg) dose-dependently alleviated the OXA-induced cold allodynia. The present results suggest that PA-8, PA-810 and PA -81004 may become oral active analgesics against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.


The phenomenon of electro convection in membrane systems is of considerable interest, because it is, according to many authors, the main mechanism of overlimiting mass transfer. A great number of theoretical and experimental works, in which, as a rule, dimensional values were used, are devoted to electro convection study. Because of that, in actual fact, there is investigated the influence of individual factors on the transfer process. For example, the influence of voltage jumps, the average speed of a forced stream of the solution, the geometric characteristics of the channel, the initial concentration, etc. However, the influence of these factors appears not separately, at the same time. Thus, there is the problem of introducing dimensionless complexes of dimensional values that have a physical meaning and that allow to evaluate the inner links of the process. As it is known, for solving that problem, there is applied a theory of similarity, based on the transition towards dimensionless parameters in equations and formulas describing the process, and using values, typical of the system under study. This work is devoted to the determining of physical meaning of similarity criteria of salt ions processes, taking into account electro convection in the desalting channel of electro dialysis apparatus. The channel is bounded with perfectly selective, homogeneous anion-exchange and cation-exchange membranes. The introduced similarity criteria are used so as to conduct the theoretical study of the effect of a number of parameters of a desalting process on electro convection


Abstract Essential oil (EO) of aerial parts (twigs and needles) of an Algerian-Moroccan endemic pine Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. mauritanica (Mair. & Pey.) (Pinaceae) collected in Northern Algeria were extracted by hydrodistillation (HD) and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). The compounds were analysed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean oil yield was 0.23%, for twigs and 0.47% for needles. 83 and 91 compounds have been identified for needles and twigs respectively. Chemical divergences from all other studied Black pines worldwide were observed in needles where the major components identified by HD are β-caryophyllene (26.2%), germacrene D (17.2%), α-pinene (9.4%) unveiling a new chemotype. Significative qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in chemical composition, depending on both technics HD and SPME. Twigs showed a higher potential for the antioxidant activities DPPH, ABTS and β-carotene system than EO needles. In other hand, needles revealed a higher activity for all concentrations than twigs with significant differences (p < 0.05). For phosphomolybden tests, both EOs exhibited more significant antioxidant potential compared to the DPPH, ABTS, β-carotene and reducing power systems. Noticeable insecticidal effects with variable rate depending on used plant parts, concentration, duration and frequency of exposure were also observed.


Objective:To summarize the high risk factors of endometrial carcinoma prognosis.Methods:189 cases of endometrial carcinoma from three hospitals were analyzed retrospectively from December 2000 to December 2004,the relationships between pathologic types,histologic grading,myometrial invasion depth,lymphatic metastasis,surgical-pathologic staging,complications and prognosis were explored.Results:There was significant difference in survival curves between different surgical-pathologic stagings,pathologic types,histologic gradings,different depths of myometrial invasion and lymphatic metastasis or not(P0.05).There was no difference in survival curves between cases with diabetes or not,hypertension or not and obesity or not(P0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that histologic grading and depth of myometrial invasion were independent high risk factors for prognosis of endometrial carcinoma(P0.05).Conclusion:Special pathologic types,low histological grading,deep myometrial invasion,lymphatic metastasis,late pathologic staging are high risk factors of endometrial carcinoma prognosis.


The requirements of an algorithmic level hardware description language can be met by a software language with only limited feature enhancement. This paper discusses the feasibility of using a subset of Ada as a hardware description language. Methods are presented for realizing the extra features required for hardware description within the syntax of Ada. This allows the compiled Ada program to act as a functional simulator. Our particular context for hardware description is as a source language for a hardware compiler. Rules are presented for translating a circuit described in the Ada subset onto a control/data-flow graph (CDFG), our intermediate level form.


—The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) is an important biophysical variable, and is widely used in satellite-based production efficiency models to estimate GPP or net primary production. To the forest, the vegetation canopy is composed primarily of photosynthetically active vegetation (PAV) and non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV). But only the PAR absorbed by PAV is used for photosynthesis. Current methods of measuring absorbed PAR in fields measure total PAR absorption. The Scattering by Arbitrary Inclined Leaves (SAIL) model was modified to simulate canopy reflectance and to separate the PAR absorbed by PAV and NPV of the evergreen coniferous forest in two scenarios. The total FPAR, green FPAR and FPAR determined by NPV were calculated and the relations between them and two vegetation index (NDVI and EVI) were analyzed. Our results showed the variation of canopy architecture influenced the canopy absorption of PAR. In high coverage forests, the green FPAR was close to the total FPAR of vegetation canopy and the contribution of NPV to the total FPAR was low. While, in low coverage forests or open forests, the situation was contrary. The significant relationships were found between two vegetation indices and FPAR, but compared with NDVI, EVI was more suitable to describe the variation of green FPAR.


De Hert S, Imberger G, Carlisle J, et al. Preoperative latest evidence-based medical knowledge to simplify and/or eliminate unnecessary steps. Physicians are expected to be familiar with clinical guidelines, but should note that they are advisory in nature and are there to help with safer decision making, something which might vary according to the patient's condition and the available resources. Practice guidelines should be revised periodically to accommodate newly published data. In 2007, the Anaesthesiology Board of European Union of Medical Specialists published guidelines for the safety and quality of anaesthesia. A more recent milestone was the Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology published in June 2010. This represented a European consensus on measures to improve patient care and it set out a framework for good practice. In order to constrain costs and standardise practice across Europe, the European Society of Anaesthesiologists (ESA) took a giant step forward by committing to the development of evidenced-based clinical guidelines and recommendations. In this issue, the unique specific task force, led by Professor Stefan De Hert, has published an outstanding guideline for the preoperative evaluation of adult patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery. Their recommendations are very comprehensive. They cover a wide range of topics that include cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), renal disease, diabetes, obesity, coagulation disorders, anaemia, the elderly patient, alcohol addiction and allergy. They also cover concurrent medication, and preoperative testing. In addition, there is a very useful section on airway evaluation.


The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound sets a fundamental limit on the accuracy of unbiased parameter estimation in quantum systems, relating the uncertainty in determining a parameter to the inverse of the quantum Fisher information. We experimentally demonstrate near saturation of the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound in the phase estimation of a solid-state spin system, provided by a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. This is achieved by comparing the experimental uncertainty in phase estimation with an independent measurement of the related quantum Fisher information. The latter is finely extracted from coherent dynamical responses of the system under weak parametric modulations, without performing any quantum-state tomography. Our method offers a versatile and powerful tool to explore the fundamental role of the quantum Fisher information in quantum technologies.


It is well known that even in a compatible relation between rice variety and race of rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.), the lower senescent leaves are quite resistant to this fungus. One of the authors indicated that the increase of mechanical resistance of vein cell-walls with aging could partly be related with such resistance (general resistance)1). While, the limiting of fungal growth by anti-blast substances accumulated in leaves with senescence was also postulated. It has been reported that momilactones, dormant factors of rice seed2,3), showed anti-blast activity4,5) and existed in rice leaves5). To clarify the participation of these momilactones to the resistance, the detection and quantitative estimation of these substances in the leaf were carried out by GLC. However, the authors could not find any momilactones in rice leaves of four varieties infected, non-infected and aged6). During the experiment for the detection of momilactones, an anti-blast substance which resembles partially with the momilactones was detected in the petroleum ether extracts from inoculated leaves. The abstract was already reported elsewhere7) and the details will be appeared in this report. Rice variety Inabawase (resistance gene: Pi-i) was raised as stated before6). At 6th leaf stage the seedlings were spray-inoculated with spore suspension of isolate Ken 5333 (race 137) of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Typical susceptible lesions appeared on 6th leaves (uppermost leaves) and resistant lesions (brown dots and small lesions) mixedly appeared on 5th leaves. While, brown dots were mainly observed on 4th leaves. Seven days after inoculation, 6th, 5th and 4th leaves were collected, respectively. Each 3g of the leaves was scissored and kept in 100ml of 70% hot methanol for 3min. Then the


Tryptophan is an aromatic amino acid with unique physico-chemical properties. It is often encountered in membrane proteins, especially at the level of the water/bilayer interface. It plays a role in membrane protein stabilization, anchoring and orientation in lipid bilayers. It has a hydrophobic character but can also engage in many types of interactions, such as π–cation or hydrogen bonds. In this review, we give an overview of the role of tryptophan in membrane proteins and a more detailed description of the underlying noncovalent interactions it can engage in with membrane partners.


Experiments in dogs have shown expediency of using perfluorane for prevention of incompetence of anastomosis sutures when the formation of intestinal anastomosis occurs under conditions of massive blood loss.


Conservative Judaism claimed to be in the middle position between orthodox and reform Judaism attempting to maintain basic traditions while adapting to modern life. In its approach to reconstruction of reconstruction of religious thought, this position argued that to meet the challenges of the modern world, the key concepts of faith have to be redefined and reinterpreted. Both Islamic reform and Conservative Judaism shared a similar objective, that is, to reconstruct religious thought in the light of modern science and knowledge. However, both present different views and methods of interpreting scriptures and traditions in the light of new scientific knowledge. This paper highlights selected issues advocated by Conservative Judaism for reconstruction of religious thought, and compares them with Islamic point of views. It was found that despite of claiming themselves as belong to mediating position, Conservative Judaism seemed to ignore their scriptures and depended much on human interpretations, especially in their methods of interpretation of law. This is obviously contradicted to an Islamic approach which upholds that the fundamental sources of the Qur'an and Sunnah should always be referred to as primary references despite our reliance on modern knowledge and rational inquiries. Since the study is theoretical in nature, it is confined to library research. It is hoped that this study will provide a proper understanding on the response of religious thought from the perspective of two different religions, Judaism and Islam.


Title of Document: VIRTUOSIC ELEMENTS IN THE COLLABORATIVE PIANIST'S REPERTOIRE: SELECTED SOLO, VOCAL, AND CHAMBER WORKS OF RACHMANINOFF AND RAVEL Eliza Ching, Doctor of Musical Arts, 2012 Directed By: Professor Rita Sloan, School of Music This dissertation project explores some of the technical and musical challenges that face pianists in a collaborative role—specifically, those challenges that may be considered virtuosic in nature. The material was chosen from the works of Rachmaninoff and Ravel because of the technically and musically demanding yet idiomatic piano writing. This virtuosic piano writing also extends into the collaborative repertoire. The pieces were also chosen to demonstrate these virtuosic elements in a wide variety of settings. Solo piano pieces were chosen to provide a point of departure, and the programmed works ranged from vocal to two-piano, to sonatas and a piano trio. The recitals were arranged to demonstrate as much contrast as possible, while being grouped by composer. The first recital was performed on April 24, 2009. This recital featured five songs of Rachmaninoff, as well as three solo piano preludes and his Suite No. 2 for two pianos. The second recital occurred on November 16, 2010. This recital featured the music of both Rachmaninoff and Ravel, as well as a short lecture introducing the solo work "Ondine" from Gaspard de la nuit by Ravel. Following the lecture were the Cinq mélodies populaires grecques and the program closed with the substantial Rachmaninoff Sonata for Cello and Piano. The final program was given on October 10, 2011. This recital featured the music of Ravel, and it included his Sonata for Violin and Piano, the Debussy Nocturnes transcribed for two pianos by Ravel, and the Piano Trio. The inclusion of a transcription of a work by another composer highlights Ravel's particular style of writing for the piano. All of these recitals were performed at the Gildenhorn Recital Hall in the Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center at the University of Maryland. The recitals are recorded on compact discs, which can be found in the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (DRUM). VIRTUOSIC ELEMENTS IN THE COLLABORATIVE PIANIST'S REPERTOIRE: SELECTED SOLO, VOCAL, AND CHAMBER WORKS OF RACHMANINOFF AND RAVEL


OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
Summary of findings on possibilities of ultrasound examination of the uterus and ovaries.

DESIGN
Review.

SETTING
Gynaecological and Obstetric Clinic First Medical Faculty Charles University and General Faculty Hospital Prague 2, Apolinárská 18.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Processing of data in the literature on possibilities of gynaecological ultrasound examination.

CONCLUSION
Ultrasound examination is an indispensable part in the diagnosis of pathological conditions of the uterus and ovaries.


First wing present the invention relates to a structure of the blade to obtain a power from the liquid, coupled to one end of the shaft 30 is inserted into the column 10, the rotating body 20 for supporting the rotating body 20, 40 and in the structure of the first blade to get the power from a fluid consisting of two wings (50) coupled to the other end, the first wings 40 has the overall shape comprises a trapezoid form the first upper surface (41a) and if the first (41b) is based on the longitudinal direction of the first main surface (41) and said first upper surface (41a) extending in the one side left, when the first on the right both sides (41b) inclined first towards inclined surface 42 and, once in the sub-claim 1 of the shaft 30 and the adjacent first upper surface (41a) it includes an inclined third inclined surface 44 toward the (41b), the first main surface 41 NIB is opened and the other end is the first top surface (41a) of the first major surface 41 at the lower end of the third inclined surface 44 extending toward the first top surface (41a) that are not next to each other and the shaft 30 Results and, the second wing 50 is the overall shape is made of a trapezoidal form a second upper surface (51a) and when the second (51b), the second main surface 51, the second upper surface extending to a side ( in left and right opposite sides relative to the longitudinal direction of 51a) one end of the inclined second inclined surface 52 and a second upper surface (51a) adjacent to the shaft 30 toward the second if (51b) of claim 2, and it includes an inclined fourth inclined surface 54 towards if (51b) and the second main surface (51) extends toward the second upper surface (51a) at the bottom of the fourth inclined surface 54, shaft 30 and that the other end of the non-adjacent second major surface 51 coupled to the second pointed upper surface (51a) is characterized.


Summary

The freezability of water in a few representative food materials has been studied by differential thermal analysis (D.T.A.) and differential scanning calorimetry (D.S.C.) on a micro-scale over the temperature range down to — 180°C. The materials were studied both in their original state and after extraction of low molecular weight water-soluble constituents. In the case of egg white the effect of heat-denaturation was also examined. Values are given for the amounts of unfreezable water in these various materials determined by the method described in the first paper in this series. In addition to the thermo-dynamic irregularities attendant on thawing, other thermal irregularities were found to occur in each material, both in samples containing freezable water and in those at moisture contents below the limit of unfreezable water. The latter irregularities are interpreted as being due to changes in the condition of water within the unfreezable fraction, the constituent water of which is therefore considered to exhibit at least two different degrees of molecular mobility.


The high incidence of recidivism (repeat offenders) in the criminal population makes the use of the IAFIS III/FBI criminal database an important tool in law enforcement. The problems and solutions employed by IAFIS III/FBI criminal subject searches are discussed for the following topics: (1) subject search selectivity and reliability; (2) the difficulty and limitations of identifying subjects whose anonymity may be a prime objective; (3) database size, search workload, and search response time; (4) techniques and advantages of normalizing the variability in an individual's name and identifying features into identifiable and discrete categories; and (5) the use of database demographics to estimate the likelihood of a match between a search subject and database subjects.


In order to enhance the ability of the theory relation to practice for the electrical engineering fields,the contents and principles of Matlab simulation software are introduced in this paper.As an example for electricity control technique system,the applications of Matlab simulation software in D.C.adjusted speed systems with PID control mode and auto-control system adjusted speed methods are presented in detail in this paper.The simulation results are shown that it is necessary to apply in professional teaching of electrical engineering with Matlab software,the design evolving of control system and professional knowledge of electrical engineering can be grasped,the ability of analysis and solution can be improved by the application of Matlab software.


modest proposal may require member states to enter into binding agreements on avoiding beggar-thy-neighbour tax/wage policies. Arguably, all countries might also agree on broad guidelines for national wage policies (e.g. stipulating that wages should be allowed to rise in line with labour productivity – no more, but also no less). Agreeing on such guidelines means more policy coordination at the EU level. A labour-productivity driven wage policy, with the individual countries' average nominal wages increasing in line with average labour productivity (augmented by a common ECB target pertaining to inflation) would result in national inflation rates approximating the common target inflation rate. Importantly, such a policy would help narrow divergences within the euro area. It would then be possible to run the one size fits all monetary policy, without provoking centrifugal forces within the euro area. Finally, other possibilities exist for accelerating growth in the EU – which can also reduce the centrifugal tensions. But the realisation of these possibilities would require a radical revision of the unreasonable provisions of the Stability and Growth Pact. This topic remains to be properly addressed.


Against the background of the interconnection between the Union legal order and the legal orders of the Member States, the temporal effect of ECJ judgments is one of the central elements of Union law. Following a careful analysis of the parameters of Union law that shape it, the book deals with the possibilities of courts of Member States to react to an interpretation of Union law by the ECJ whose effects have not been limited in time. By focusing in particular on the "enforcement dimension" of Union law, it contributes to determining the status of the primacy of Union law and makes the hybrid nature of interpretation in conformity with directives more visible.


After China′s entry into WTO,trade friction and some other concerning problems are continuously increasing.According to the internal and external causes,the past and present,the thesis deeply analyzes the above problems based on the view on scientific development.Some suggestions are made.


STRABISMUS is a disturbance of ocular motility due to a number of separate and unrelated pathologic processes. The thesis I wish to develop is that, although at the present time we do not know what all these processes are, we may obtain a better understanding of strabismus by analyzing where and how each process affects ocular motility. The neuromusclar mechanism which controls eye movements may be compared to that which moves the limbs. The pathways of each mechanism may be divided into two easily identifiable portions: (1) a supranuclear portion, or upper motor neuron, and (2) a nuclear and infranuclear portion, or lower motor neuron. It makes no difference whether the pathways we are considering are transmitting impulses for what, philosophically, we may choose to call "willed," or voluntary, movements, or whether they transmit reflex, or involuntary, activity, each pathway is divisible into these two main portions, and affections of


Ultrasound Diagnostics of the Extracmnial Brain-Supplying Arterles: Doppler sonography is an essential diagnostic tool in the assessment of cerebrovascular diseases. Reliable usage of ultrasonics in the investigation of extracranial brain supplying arteries requires sufficient knowledge of different sonographi-cal methods and clinical applications. This review summarises the basic principles, most important parameters and diagnostic yields of cw-Doppler sonography. conventional and colour-coded duplex sonography. Examination techniques, artefacts and recent developrnents (ultrasound contrast agents. Power-mode) are discussed. Therapeutical challenges of ultrasonic investigation are described.


Application of CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) scheme is widely studied for IVC (Inter Vehicle Communication in ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems). By using CSMA, it is possible to share single frequency band by multiple users by changing the packet transmission timing. CSMA is applied to many systems such as wireless LAN, IVC and so on because of its simple implementation. However CSMA scheme has a problem called "hidden terminal problem" which degrades the communication performance. In this paper, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) scheme using DS/SS (Direct Sequence/Spread Spectrum) is applied to IVC in order to improve "hidden terminal problem". DS/SS CDMA scheme makes it possible to demodulate packets even under the hidden terminal situations with its multiple access performance. In this paper, the performance of DS/SS CDMA IVC system is evaluated. As the result, it was confirmed that IVC performance was well improved and the collisions caused by hidden terminals condition could be reduced.


Multiple nerve excitability measurements have been proposed for clinical testing of nerve function, and an important determinant of excitability is membrane potential. We report a patient with acquired hypokalemic paralysis in whom multiple excitability indices (stimulus‐response curve, strength‐duration properties, threshold electrotonus, recovery cycle) were measured during and after an acute hypokalemic attack (serum K+ level, 2.1 mEq/L and 4.5 mEq/L, respectively). During hypokalemia, there was a shift of the stimulus‐response curve to the right, a decrease in strength‐duration time constant, a "fanning‐out" of responses during threshold electrotonus, a reduction in relative refractory period, and an increase in superexcitability; all of these indicate axonal hyperpolarization, presumably due to the K+ equilibrium potential being more negative. These indices returned to normal 20 h later, associated with normalization of the serum K+ level. These results demonstrate that the changes associated with hypokalemic paralysis are not confined to muscle and that axons undergo hyperpolarization in vivo. Multiple excitability measurements can be used as a tool to identify changes in membrane potential of human axons. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 283–287, 2002


We demonstrate the spectral properties of resonant transmission induced by perpendicularly polarized light through an individual hole in a thin metallic film, using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. Our measurements and intuitive understanding show that the resonance is activated by a coupling between the perpendicular component of incident light and existing antibonding film plasmon modes.


For the problem which exists in internet teaching in modern education,we analyze principle and methods about internet teaching in the college from several aspects.So we find some ways to solve this problems.


Human Insecurity remains a global problem and the subject matter of politics represents a significant and interesting arena among people all over the world. It has remained a part and parcel of human societies and human relations since time immemorial. We have politics everywhere we have human beings but politics has deteriorated into an instrument of war and death hence it is the greatest challenge to human insecurity in Nigeria. The implication is that people are grappling with nation bleeding as a result of the criminalization of politics. The criminalization of politics stems from the activities of political parties and politicians and the evidence of this criminalization include high spate of political assassinations, arson, maiming and killing of innocent citizens through different forms of political violence. The paper argues that, the problem of human insecurity would be solved if we come to understand politics as a holy game and not a dirty game. In order to achieve this, critical analysis and expository methods will be adopted as research methodology in the work.


The invention conventional RESURF eldi Moss (RESURF LDMOS) when installed and the drift region on both sides of the source and drain in the device as an analog signal of the high voltage input bi-directional high voltage with a drain and a source can be interchanged NMOS transistor and a PMOS by constructing in the form a mixture of the pull type and the pass-transistor-type-propose a transistor, and the bi-directional and high voltage yen using moseuteu transistor and a PMOS transistor push the high-voltage analog multiplexer having at least three inputs-pull type, the pass-transistor, push , chip resistance value, which is given by implementing the high-voltage multiplexer having a hierarchical structure when a high voltage multiplexer circuit of the multi-stage necessary to reduce the number of classic absorber's of each stage, such as a stable implement high-voltage analog multiplexers to the operation and as well as display driver eleseuahyi (LSI) with respect to the LS I chip size of the LSI chip and the RESURF MOS Idi to reduce the chip resistance of the (RESURF EDMOS) it relates to a device and a high-voltage analog multiplexer circuit using the same.


An effective way to classify and evaluate droughts is the adjustment of hydrological series into drought indices. With this purpose, two different drought indices were applied to series of the South Region of Brazil, a location with the majority of hydrological studies not focused in low extremes. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) were applied for meteorological and hydrological analysis. The main focus of the study was to identify trends in these indices, and to analyze possible spatial patterns over the study area. From the results, it was verified the increase in drought severity in southern part of the study area, while decreasing trends were observed in eastern and northwestern parts. In the hydrological seasonal analysis, results have evidenced that in months with usually lower flows than the yearly average the rates are becoming even lower, while in months with higher flows the rates are increasing.


Pulsars are neutron stars that spin rapidly, are highly magnetized, and they emit beams of electromagnetic radiation like a lighthouse out in space. These beams of radiation are only observed when the beams face towards Earth and can be measured by a radio telescope. Pulsar studies have an abundance of scientific implementations in solid state physics, general relativity, galactic astronomy, astronomy, planetary physics and have even opened windows in cosmology. This thesis reports the results of a study of pulsar (PSR) J0453+1559, a new binary pulsar discovered in the Arecibo All-Sky 327 MegaHertz Drift Pulsar Survey. The recorded observations of the times of arrivals of the pulses of the pulsar in the system, J0453+1559, span a period of about 320 days, which allowed precise measurement of its spin period (45.7 ms) and its derivative (1.85 ± 0.13 × 10 ss). From these measurements we derived the characteristic age of the system as ∼ 3.9 × 10 years and having a magnetic field of ∼ 2.9 × 10 G. These measurements point out that this pulsar was mildly recycled by gradual accumulation of matter from the companion star. The cyclic dance of this system has an eccentric (e = 0.11) 4.07-day orbit. This eccentricity enables a highly significant quantification of the rate of advance of periastron as ω̇ = 0.0379 ± 0.0005 yr, which entails the total mass of the system as M = 2.73 ± 0.006 M⊙. We also discovered the Shapiro delay, which allows an approximation of the individual masses being mp = 1.54 ± 0.006 M⊙ and mc = 1.19 ± 0.011 M⊙, appropriately. These masses, along with the orbital eccentricity, propose that PSR


Abstract : TER PROGRAMMINGIBM 360/65 computers, GATMAT system, Interactive computer graphics, Interactive text processingAn experimental system was developed for the purpose of determining the feasibility of merging graphics and text by using a digital x-y tablet input device and obtaining hard copy output on the Lexical Graphical Composer Printer at Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio. The system was implemented on an IBM 360/65 computer system using a Grafacon 1010A tablet and on IBM 2250 display terminal for operator-system communication. For this experiment the tablet was used as an extended keyboard with a grid overlay containing over 500 math symbols and special characters, which were referenced by pointing at them with a stylus. (Modified author abstract)


Photograph of Mean Green offensive line readying for the play. Quarterback Mason Fine (6) prepares to receive the ball from Jordan Murray (71).


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method involves depositing an adhesive system onto one or more pieces of wood-based material and joining one or more pieces with one or more additional pieces of the material. The adhesive system contains one component which contains starch, and another component which contains one or more polymers belonging to a group comprising polyvinyl amine, copolymers poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl amine), poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl formamide), polyallyl amine, polyethylene imine, polyamido amine and polyvinyl formamide. The two components are deposited on the wood-based material as unmixed separate components. The adhesive system further contains one or more polymers containing acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol. EFFECT: use of the adhesive system enables to produce such wood-based products as boards based on chips, particles or fibres or boards based on aligned long chips. 19 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex


Do new school types focusing on practical and business-related knowledge lead to increased economic performance? To analyze this question, this paper examines the introduction of two types of modern secondary education, the Gewerbeschule and its successor, the Realschule, in nineteenth-century Bavaria. Since opening of these schools is arguably endogenous – as it were mainly the prosperous, big cities that opened one – the estimated treatment effect capturing the economic influence of the Gewerbeschule/Realschule will lead to biased results. To alleviate this bias, I adopt propensity score matching to compare relatively alike counties with and without these schools. Using historical county-level data on business formations, tax revenues, employment structure, and patent holdings, OLS regression analysis shows that the opening of a modern secondary school is in general positively associated with economic performance several years later.


To give effect to Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973, as modified by the Protocols of 1978 and 1997 (MARPOL Annex VI) in Hong Kong, a new piece of legislation, namely the Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Air Pollution) Regulation ("the Regulation"), was gazetted on 6 July 2007 and will enter into force on 1 June 2008.


This paper establishes new criteria for stochastic suppression and stabilization of hybrid functional differential systems with general 1‐sided polynomial growth condition. For an unstable nonlinear hybrid functional differential system with general 1‐sided polynomial growth condition, 2 independent Brownian noise processes are used to perturb the system into the stochastic hybrid differential system. Theoretical analysis shows that one of the nonlinear diffusion terms may suppress the explosive solution of deterministic system, and the other one can make the perturbed hybrid system almost surely stable with general decay rate.


This work explores the capability of both Type-1 and Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems as novel approaches for predicting carbonate lithofacies and permeability from Well Logs. As expected, these new computational intelligence approaches overcome the weaknesses of the standard neural networks limitations. In addition, we carried out a comparative study to compare their performances with those of the conventional artificial neural network models and other popular techniques. Empirical results show that the performance of T1&T2 FIS novel approaches outperform most of the common existing approaches, particularly in the area of ability to handle data in uncertain situations, which are the common characteristics of well logs data. As an additional advantage of this work, a Type-2 fuzzy logic based model has been developed that will generate, not only the target forecast, but also prediction intervals without extra compuational cost. The methodology involved were described and We have developed smart simulation structure to attack such problem with real-industry data to prove our contribution.


In Old Uighur, how should be transcribed rounded vowels of the first syllables with helping writing systems of Uighurs? Turk Runic, Sogdian, Manichaean, Arabic alphabets can't solve any solution for this problem. The only writing system that will help us in this problem is the Brāhmī writing system of Indian origin. In this paper, I would like to focus on this problem and offer a solution suggestion.


For its restoration and functioning in the western regions of Ukraine, Stalin's regime used various means of ideological-propaganda «processing» of the population. In contemporary conditions of Ukraine, which suffers a military-political aggression and powerful information war from the Russian Federation, it is important to analyze the mechanisms of distribution of antinational and antistate propaganda in the historical plane within the borders of concrete regions in order   to develop effective ways of its counteraction. The period of the restoration of the Soviet system in this territory embraces 1944 – 1945. The local authorities considered to restore the party's activity and state structures as their priority, in order to organize a large-scale political work and to intensify ideological pressure in all spheres of life. The information and propaganda storm should, first of all, prove the impossibility of any successful resistance to the regime, discredit liberation movement, and «to tear off the majority of the population from the influence of the Ukrainian and German nationalists». The cadres from other regions of Ukraine and the USSR were to become the system's support in « the region infected with nationalism» and to carry «the communistic ideology into the masses » . Important ideological-propaganda tasks had to be carried out by the party, Komsomol, and trade-union organization which were created at all the enterprises and establishments of Drohobych region. Communists and Komsomol members, as the most conscious citizens, should carry the basic burden of social-political and public-organizational works. For preparation and retraining of cadres for ideological-propaganda work at the republican and regional levels, a system of party educational institutions started to be formed. The press and radio provided the system's information support. The theatre, cinema, and radio also had to become important ideological tools. Carrying out the educational policy of the party, state education structures created conditions of obligatory attendance of all children and teenagers, boys and girls, and could from early age absorb communist ideas. It was realized in various ways, like adopting the law on education for all, accurately outlined and sustained in the spirit of communist moral curriculums, constant expansion of the network of teaching and educational establishments, attraction of children and studying youth to the pioneer and Komsomol organizations, various actions of out-of-class influence on pupils. It is proved that for restoration of a totalitarian regime in the western regions of Ukraine, suppressing of the national-liberation movement, destruction of the Ukrainian national idea and traditions, the Soviet system applied all possible means. A great attention was drawn to propaganda-ideological methods. A whole branched system of ideological-propaganda influence in all strata and groups of the population, including universities, was created. Mass media, evident propaganda, education, culture, attributes of the Soviet way of life were the tools of the Soviet propaganda. However, considering small efficiency of ideological influences on the population of Drohobych region, forceful methods became dominating in overcoming of the resistance to the Soviet regime.


The Job Shop Scheduling Problem is one of the most intractable NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems. To solve optimally this problem in a reasonable computational time, we have to improve the lower and the upper bounds. In this paper we introduce a new lower bound to the job shop scheduling problem with min-sum criteria and compare two different genetic algorithms. The gap is computed by comparing the best upper bound with the lower bound.


This thesis investigates methods to safely reduce the treatment margin applied during external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. This margin is applied to allow the prostate to move within the pelvis, but still receive an adequate radiation dose. The treatment margin also includes part of the rectum and bladder, which receive some radiation dose and consequently cause treatment toxicity. To reduce treatment margin and, therefore, treatment toxicity, we investigate a diet intervention which aims to reduce the movement of the prostate. We also investigate an adaptive margin, where a smaller margin is applied when reduced prostate movement is predicted.


The first step in a CFD analysis of filter media flow is to create a computational domain geometry which imitates the simulated media as closely as is practical. The media in the present study combined a relatively flat web of nanofibers with a cellulosic fiber support media. A CFD grid suited to calculating the flow patterns through the cellulosic media structure would be far too coarse to simulate flow around the nanofiber web elements. This scale difference forces some assumption about the interaction between the media layers. Our models are limited to two dimensions, representing cross-sections cut through the media. Our initial studies modeled the nanofiber web alone, on the assumption that the flow around the nanofibers is not greatly influenced by the presence of the downstream cellulosic fibers. Our image-analysis technique samples the distribution of fiber diameters by scribing parallel lines across the image. The diameter of the web element at each line/fiber crossing is tabulated. An estimate is made of the maximum width on the image for which the web element cross-section can be considered circular. We make the assumption that the relatively flat web elements linking round sections have oval cross-sections, all of the same thickness. We found that the distribution of web element widths is "doubly-truncated log-normal", meaning that both lower and upper limits to the widths exist. This geometry was used with a CFD code to calculate particle capture, and compared to results of tests on the actual media


1. THE HOLY SPIRIT GIVES PEOPLE POWER TO BELIEVE AND TO LIVE AS GOD'S PEOPLE 1a investigate the role of the Holy Spirit in the life and work of Jesus 1b explore the Christian belief that God's word is the means by which the Holy Spirit converts people 1c explore the New Testament teaching on the tension which exists between the 'flesh' and the 'spirit' in a Christian's life 2. THE HOLY SPIRIT GIVES NEW LIFE IN BAPTISM 2a investigate the practice and teaching of baptism in the New Testament and the early church 2b compare baptism as an initiation rite with other initiation rites in society and different religions 2c compare and contrast the Lutheran understanding of baptism with that of other Christian denominations 2d explore baptism as the power for a new way of life 3. THE HOLY SPIRIT USES GOD'S WORD AND HOLY COMMUNION TO HELP GOD'S PEOPLE GROW 3a investigate the understanding and use of sacraments in the Christian church 3b compare the Lutheran teaching on holy communion with the teaching of other Christian denominations 3c explore the Christian belief that the Holy Spirit uses God's word to help people grow as Christians