The studies investigated CPFS (special cognitive structure in mathematics learning) and showed that: (1) There were significant correlations between the individual's CPFS Structure and problem inquiry ability. (2) There existed significant differences between the perfect CPFS Structure and the defective one in the performances of inquiry problems and proposing problems by intuition but no significant differences in proposing directional problems. (3) The question familiarity had the immediate influence on inquiry problems and no interaction with an individual's CPFS Structure. (4) With the external regulation, there existed significant differences between the perfect CPFS Structure and the defective one in the performances of moderate-level difficulty inquiry problems and low-level difficulty problems.


Almost everything we know about protein biophysics comes from studies on purified proteins in dilute solution. Most proteins, however, operate inside cells where the concentration of macromolecules can be >300 mg per mL. Although reductionism-based approaches have served protein science well for over a century, biochemists now have the tools to study proteins under these more physiologically-relevant conditions. We review a part of this burgeoning post-reductionist landscape by focusing on high-resolution protein NMR spectroscopy, the only method that provides atomic-level information over an entire protein under the crowded conditions found in cells. The inside of a living cell is one of the ultimate physiologically-relevant environments, but this environment is difficult to define. The cytoplasm comprises all the material in the cell, excluding the plasma membrane and the nucleus (if present). The cytosol is the cytoplasm without organelles and other subcellular structures, such as ribosomes and the fibrous proteins that determine cell shape, motility, and material transport. It remains unclear, however, the extent to which these structures need to be considered in physiologically-relevant NMR studies. Furthermore, it is difficult to state precisely the conditions in the cytosol. The temperature for optimal growth is often considered the physiologically-relevant temperature: 37 °C for Escherichia coli and animal cells and 30 °C for yeast, although cells can survive at least for limited periods above or below these temperatures. As a general rule, the pH of the cytosol is 7.2, but it depends on extracellular conditions. The pH in E. coli cells has been monitored with NMR and covers a


Cincalo wax apple is perrisible which is easily damaged due to fungus activity, thus shortening the shelf life of the fruit. The addition of starch and ginger extract is expected to inhibits fungus growth. The aims of this study is to determine the effect of edible coating on starch types and concentration to maintain cincalo wax apple fruit. This study was conducted at the Agrotechnology Laboratory and at the Tua Tunu village, used a Single Completely Randomized Design (CRD) there were 7 treatments which were the types of starch consisting of P0 = no treatment, P1 = canna starch 2%, P2 = canna starch 3%, P3 = starch canna 4%, P4 = 2% cassava starch, P5 = 3% cassava starch, P6 = 4% cassava starch. The results showed that the treatments of edible coating on starch had no significant effect on the obserrved variables, but vitamin C had a very significant effect on the 3th day of storage. Keywords: cincalo wax apple, damage, edible coating, respiration, starch


IntroductionPerception and processing of visual information is one of the principal capacities of human nervous system. It is a generally known fact that effectiveness of people's professional activity under the influence of nervous processes speed characteristics (speed of information perception, analysis, decision making, its translation on the effector) and time of aftereffect, restoration of reflector unit readiness to new reaction, ability to perceive the rhythm etc. [3, 12, 17].Sport activity is categorized as an extreme human activity characterized by constant variability of factors of training process, decision-making in the context of uncertainty and time deficit, which influences formation of regulatory mechanisms and adaptive abilities of child's body [18, 21]. The character and extent of influence is determined by combination of exogenous (specifics of physical exercise stress, peculiarities of training process) and endogenous factors, connected with individual features of morphofunctional and psychofunctional status of adolescent sportsmen. [19, 22, 23]As evidenced by the analysis of recent research and publications, development and formation of nevrodynamic properties and sensorimotor functions depend not only on morphofunctional cortical and subcortical brain structures but also on functional state of sportsmen's body, the level of motor activity, sport specialization and qualification [2, 6, 7, 9, 10].Higher centers of nervous system facilitate mobilization and regulation of body's vegetative functions, while the character of vegetative regulation mechanisms, level of physiological reserves and physiological cost of adaptation of body's principal functional systems determine sport results and sportsmen's health state as a whole [3, 13, 20].Moreover, mobilization of functional reserves of organs and systems of organism in response to impact of extreme factors, which is accompanied by explicit hypoxia leads to activation of lipids peroxidation. It is generally known that a state of hypoxia may be both an etiologic factor of many disorders and a factor in forming long-term adaptation to physical exercise stress [8].Secondary vegetative disorders may be an early indicator of health disorders in sportsmen, connected both with physical and psycho -emotional stress which are common in sports [16, 24].For this reason prevention takes a special role in the process of managing sportsmen's training process, as part of the healthcare system and activities should be aimed at detection of pre-nosological state in sportsmen and its correction [11].The aim of the study is to determine specifics of vegetative regulation of heart rhythm in sportsmen with different level of sensorimotor reactivity.Material and methodsThe researchers examined 27 sportsmen of high qualification, Masters of Sports of Ukraine in pankration, aged 18-20.Specifics of sensorimotor reactivity in sportsmen were determined based on indicators of sensorimotor reactivity using program application "Diagnost-l" [14].Sensorimotor reactivity was evaluated based on the latent period of simple visual-motor response time (LP VMRT), latent period of selection response in three-stimuli oddball tasks (LP SR1-3) and choice of two out of three stimuli (LP SR2-3). Latent periods of motor-visual response of different complexity were determined in "optimal rhythm" mode, which is the most convenient for each individual. Performing the task in a set mode allowed to register medium time of latent period and complex motor-visual response (M), standard deviation (o) and error of the mean (m).The level of sensorimotor response (low, medium, high) was determined using sigma deviation method (M±1ct) by simple motor-visual response indicator.Depending on the level of sensorimotor response, sportsmen were divided in three groups:First group - sportsmen possessing low level of sensorimotor response (n=8);Second group - sportsmen possessing with medium level of sensorimotor response (n=10);Third group - sportsmen possessing with high level of sensorimotor response (n=9). …


Although the penetration resistance is not a physical parameter inherent to the soil material but is a value reflecting the response from the ground, there are many estimations that directly associate penetration resistance with various ground physical properties. Penetration resistance is subject to both the influence of the properties of the ground material such as strength parameters or dilatancy of the soil, and the influence of the boundary condition such as layer boundary and drainage condition around the target ground. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of the CPT, it is important to analyze the behavior of the soil by considering cone penetration as a complicated boundary value problem and clarify the influence of boundary conditions and soil characteristics on penetration resistance. In this study, a series of model penetration tests and their simulations was conducted in order to verify the adaptabilities of a cavity expansion theory by using effective stress analysis.


Heterobeltiosis to the extent of 7.84 per cent for days to 50 per cent flowering; 53.73 per cent for pod number; 14.39 per cent for pod weight; 25.29 per cent pod length; 12.22 per cent for pod thickness; 64.93 per cent for pod yield; 20.27 per cent for height at first fruiting node; 32.49 per cent for plant height; 63.33 per cent for branches number; 27.25 per cent for internodal distance and 27.52 per cent for seed number was recorded.


In this paper we try to identify spectral and acoustic features that are distinctive of Parkinson's disease patients' speech. We investigate the contribution of several features' families to a simple classification task that distinguishes between two balanced groups – patients with Parkinson's disease and their age and gender matched group of Healthy Controls, both uttering sustained vowels. We achieve over 75% correct classification using a combination of acoustic and spectral features. We show that combining a few statistical functionals of these features yields very good results.. This can be explained by two reasons: the first is that the statistics of Parkinson's disease patients' speech defer from those of Healthy people's speech; the second and more important one is the gradual nature of the Parkinsonian speech that is manifested by the changes within an utterance. We speculate that the feature families that most contribute to the classification task are the most distinctive for detecting the disease and suggest testing this hypothesis by performing long-term analysis of both patient and healthy control subjects. Similar accuracy is obtained when analyzing spontaneous speech where each utterance is represented by a single normalized i-vector.


This book is one of a series from this publisher covering contemporary topics in bioinformatics, protein structure and modeling, and protein design. The book's stated aim is to provide students and experimental researchers with a guide to various methods used for structure predictions. The author focuses on straightforward examples to describe the assumptions, limitations, and expected accuracies of different applications while delving somewhat lightly into the underlying mathematics so as to not overwhelm the reader with the theoretical complexities of some methods. This makes for easier reading, but it also limits the reader's exposure to the "nuts and bolts" of most applications. The progression of topics is logical and suitably juxtaposed with discussions of key historical developments that have shaped this field. The book is filled with simple, attractive figures to help illustrate key concepts, but unfortunately, many figures (e.g. Figs. 4.4, 4.12, 5.2, 7.6, and 7.15) are oversimplified or are not explained well enough for the reader to easily discern their intended messages. For example, why was the specific combination of sequence insertions chosen for the Needleman and Wunsch alignment shown in Fig. 4.4b when a different combination of insertions would obviously have produced a better initial alignment? Some figures (e.g. Figs. 4.15 and 7.6) illustrate very complicated concepts and needed even lengthier explanations for clarification. Chapters 4–7 are the most informative as they present the reader with a reasonably detailed and cohesive overview of several commonly used structure prediction methods based on comparative modeling, fold-recognition, fragment alignment, and/or secondary structure. Considering that the science of structure prediction is still very much in its infancy, Chapter 2 is particularly welcome because it addresses problems associated with the objectivity, assessment, reliability, and accuracy of structure predictions in general. Here, one learns about the socalled CASP (Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction) experiments as conducted by a worldwide consortium of scientists who are aiming to standardize critical assessment techniques for protein structure predictions. Considering the whole range of issues that surround the problem of predicting a protein's structure, the scope of this book is somewhat limited because it offers little critical discussion of several important conceptual hurdles that still confront modelers in their efforts to predict threedimensional (3-D) conformations accurately. The classical boundaries of this problem are clearly laid out for the reader in terms of Anfinsen's experiments, on the one hand, which demonstrated that amino acid sequence is the major factor determining a protein's 3-D conformation, and Leventhal's paradox, on the other hand, which strongly suggests that proteins most likely arrive at their 3-D conformations by kinetically determined pathways possibly leading to metastable states rather than global free energy minimum states, as previously assumed. These half-century-old ideas are still provocative because accurate protein structure predictions ultimately depend on how effectively these ideas are implemented theoretically. Although the author takes an even narrower view by flatly stating on p. 24 that "there is no evidence that anything but the amino acid sequence determines the native protein structure in vivo," this viewpoint is still a matter of conjecture for many reasons. In contrast to Anfinsen's protein folding model, nascent polypeptides begin folding during synthesis on the ribosome, well before the polypeptide has reached its completed length. Cellular proteins called chaperones appear to prevent, minimize, and/or reverse nascent polypeptide misfolding, thus shepherding the folding processes in some vaguely understood way. If chaperones act as the catalysts for initiating or even guiding the folding pathways of nascent polypeptide chains toward their final (metastable?) 3-D conformations, they would be inextricably linked to the folding process, at least for many proteins. The "inconvenient truth" is that the role of chaperones in protein folding is not understood well enough to model their behavior, which may explain why they are barely mentioned in the book. In the same vein, the thermodynamic aspects of protein folding are also difficult to model theoretically. Since the insightful work of Walter Kauzmann and others more than 50 years ago, it is known that thermodynamic "forces" drive protein folding in that different protein groups partition into different regions of the folded structure, much in the way that an immiscible mixture of oil and water spontaneously partitions into aqueous and nonaqueous phases. This explains why soluble proteins tend to have "oily" centers with higher concentrations of "buried" nonpolar groups, as pointed out in the book. Beyond this, however, the book provides only a standard introduction to the underlying thermodynamics (albeit not until Chapter 8, which is devoted to membrane proteins) without offering much insight into the difficulties associated with theoretically predicting the outcome of such partitioning events. Unlike the specific physical forces between groups that maintain a protein's 3-D structure, once formed, the partitioning of polar and nonpolar groups in a folded protein structure cannot be predicted by simply knowing the final geometrical arrangements and interactions between specific groups or charges in the native protein. However, progress is being made with predictive thermodynamic models like the "molten globule" model of protein folding [1], which is based on observations suggesting that the 3-D conformations of some proteins arise by spontaneous 1 The abbreviation used is: 3-D, three-dimensional. © 2007 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 79–82, 2007


This work aims at studying local development dynamics within the Tiber valley in the north of Lazio region ten years after the institution of a supra-municipal body called Consorzio Teverina. The statutory objective of this board is to preserve and manage local resources in order to promote tourism. In the first part of the work an analysis of the geographical, demographic and economic situation of the case study area is presented, in order to underline the potential of the territory in terms of natural, historical and cultural resources that can be used to improve tourism. Then, we show the results of a survey carried out in the six municipalities of Consorzio Teverina through direct interviews to citizens. It is thus possible to point out, on one hand, citizens' perception of the activities carried out by the board and, on the other hand, the level of social cohesion and the community's sense of belonging to the territory. These aspects seem very important as they support the construction of a common project for local development. In the conclusions the opportunities and the problems of managing local development through a supra-municipal organization are discussed. Finally, we give some suggestions to promote a high-quality tourism in the area, in order to increase the value of natural and cultural resources and to build up a convenient social environment to support the touristic development.


Objective:To observe the efficacy of endothelial progenitor cells carrying hIFN-γ(EPCs-hIFN-γ) in cancer maintenance therapy after chemotherapy.Methods: MTT was used to examine the inhibitory effects of hIFN-γ and/or C225 against colorectal cancer LoVo cells after treatment with CPT-11.The in vivo inhibitory effects of EPCs-hIFN-γ and/or C225 on LoVo tumors and their effects on survival of LoVo tumor-bearing nude mice were investigated after mice had been treated with CPT-11.Results: In vitro,hIFN-γ and/or C225 further inhibited the growth of cancer cells after CPT-11 treatment.In vivo,after 50 mg/kg CPT-11 treatment,EPCs-hIFN-γ,C225 and EPCs-hIFN-γ+C225 inhibited the growth of tumors in LoVo tumor-bearing nude mice(mean tumor volumes: [2024.28±1048.40] mm3 vs [764.94±720.14],[233.85±186.97],[186.95±133.43],[163.9±173.39] mm3;P0.05).EPCs-hIFN-γ,C225 and EPCs-hIFN-γ+C225 treatment also increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice(median survival: 34.2 d vs 39.4,44.5,48.5,51.3 d;P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion: EPC-hIFN-γ can inhibit the tumor growth and prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice in cancer maintenance therapy after chemotherapy.


Currently, the calculation of the sustainability of the mountain range is one of the main tasks during the design of underground structures at the Bukhadra ore deposit. Each technique involves its own calculation and classification of categories of sustainability. This article presents the results of our research. As a result of laboratory studies, the physical properties of the samples were studied. For each sample, the density, porosity, the degree of saturation of the soil with water, and the degree of cracking of rocks were determined. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that the rocks of the Bukhardra iron mine are very resistant to various factors. A classification developed by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute to classify mountain ranges and predict further work was used to analyze the rocks of the Bukhadra iron mine. It should be noted that in order to understand the variability of the strength characteristics of the ore, the rock strength index is used. It is a leading indicator of poor quality rock zones. According to the physico-mechanical tests in the laboratories, it was noted that the Bukhadra mine massif has good resistance to compression, tension and shear, this suggests that stability problems in this field are associated with technical factors, such as surface and underground mining.


We consider dynamic assortment problems with reusable products, in which each arriving customer chooses a product within an offered assortment, uses the product for a random duration of time, and r...


Abstrak Nowadays, information system has a strategic role in providing support to a university, which provide support for administrative services, as a teaching tool and a means of communication and the use of Information Technology to help make decisions. SIM-LITABMAS application program serves as a replacement nomination process P2M proposals that were previously done manually and will now be done by on-line (on-line proposal). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of system quality, information quality and service quality to the intention of using, and the net benefit to the lecturers at the Veterans National Development University of East Java. Exogenous variables in this study is the quality of the system, the quality of information and service quality. Intention to use endogenous variables and net benefits. The target population is on the faculty at the University of National Development Veteran East Java. To test the hypothesis used Structural Equation Model. The results of the study are: (1) System quality does not affect the of Intention to Use; (2) Quality of information affect the Intention to Use; (3) The service quality affect the Intention to Use; (4) Intention to Use an effect on net benefits.


Testing agencies require large numbers of high-quality items that are produced in a cost-effective and timely manner. Increasingly, these agencies also require items in different languages. In this paper we present a methodology for multilingual automatic item generation (AIG). AIG is the process of using item models to generate test items with the aid of computer technology. We describe a three-step AIG approach where, first, test development specialists identify the content that will be used for item generation. Next, the specialists create item models to specify the content in the assessment task that must be manipulated to produce new items. Finally, elements in the item model are manipulated with computer algorithms to produce new items. Language is added in the item model step to permit multilingual AIG. We illustrate our method by generating 360 English and 360 French medical education items. The importance of item banking in multilingual test development is also discussed.


Water in China' brings together a number of articles which describe the current situation in China with respect to surface water quality and wastewater treatment, and provide results of specific research projects, leading the way to a China-specific up-to-date water treatment technology.


OBJECTIVE
The aim: The aim of our study was to determine the effect of CBT in patients with uncontrolled BA against the background of excess body weight and obesity.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: By the study design there were examined 78 patients who had a primary diagnosis of uncontrolled BA.

RESULTS
Results: The patients in the main group had significant positive dynamics regarding a number of AQLQ questionnaires, namely emotions, activity, overall quality of life (p≤0.05). These patients also had a positive dynamics in overcoming anxiety-depressive disorders, namely from 10.23 ± 0.81 points anxiety disorders scored 7.65 ± 0.98 points after CBT, and depressive changes - from 10.01 ± 0.79 points to 7.69 ± 0.67 points by the HADS scale (p ≤0.05).

CONCLUSION
Conclusions: The use of CBT has a positive effect on certain indices of the AQLQ questionnaire (p≤0.05) and has a positive effect on the psychological state of the patient, namely, it reduces the manifestations of anxiety and depression (p≤0.05) in patients with uncontrolled asthma as well as improves the course of uncontrolled asthma by a number of indices, namely reducing the frequency of use of short-acting β-2-agonists, nocturnal symptoms of asthma, the amount of oral and peroral steroids.


DISSERTATION: A Comparison Study on the Effect of Coaching as a Nursing Intervention on Comfort Levels and Blood Sugar Levels in Two Groups of Individuals with Diabetes Student: Anita Cimino Kerrigan Degree: Doctorate of Education College: Ball State University Date: May 2011 Pages: 90 The purpose of this comparative study was to investigate the effect of coaching, as a nursing intervention, on comfort levels and blood sugar levels of individuals with diabetes. The hypothesis of the study was that individuals with diabetes who received coaching at specified intervals of time would have higher levels of comfort, as measured by the Diabetes Mellitus Comfort Questionnaire (DMCQ), and lower blood sugar levels, as recorded on the individual's personal glucometer, than individuals with diabetes who did not receive coaching. Prior to conducting the study, approval of the university review board and hospitals was obtained. Participants were solicited from two accredited hospital-based diabetic education programs in a Midwestern city. Participation in the study was voluntary. The participants solicited from one hospital-based diabetic education program received coaching as a nursing intervention throughout the study while the participants from the other hospital-based diabetic education program did not. The participants were enrolled in the study the last day of the diabetic education program and completed a demographic data form, the DMCQ, and the Self Care InventoryRevised (SCI-R) to measure compliance. They also documented the average of their daily blood sugar levels from the past seven days as recorded on their personal glucometer. Two and four weeks after enrolling in the study participants from each group repeated the process of completing the DMCQ, the SCI-R, and documenting the average daily blood sugar levels over the past seven days as recorded on their glucometers. One hospital-based diabetic education group received coaching from the researcher via a telephone call two and four weeks after completing the formal diabetic education program and prior to completing the DMCQ, the SCI-R, and documenting their average daily blood sugar from the next seven days. Confidentiality of data collected from the participants was maintained. There was no risk of harm. Of the participants enrolled in the study, there were 30 participants who completed the study for one group and 35 participants who completed the study for the other group. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results showed no significant difference in comfort levels, compliance scores, or blood sugar levels between the two groups. The hypothesis of the study was not supported. Nonetheless, the information obtained from this study is valuable to nursing by contributing to the growing body of knowledge for developing cost-effective education and supportive strategies for individuals with diabetes to manage their condition.


Motor vehicle lock with: a) a pivotable between an open position and a closed position rotary latch (3), b) a movable first pawl (6) which is able to occupy a locking position in which it blocks the rotary latch located in the closed position (3), c) a movable second pawl (10) comprising a first inclined surface (13a), (at which a stop (15) of the first pawl 6) is supported such that (on the first inclined surface 13a) through the stop (15) of the first locking pawl (6) in the locking position, the force exerted causes no movement of the second pawl (10), which specifies that the first locking pawl (6), d) a second (on the first inclined surface 13a) adjacent, inclined surface (14a) of the second pawl (10), such that (on the second inclined surface 14a) by the stop (15) of the first locking pawl (6 ) in the locking position, the force exerted displacement of the second pawl (10) causes, which thus releases the first locking pawl (6), and e) means for enabling the motor vehicle lock to displace the second pawl (10), so that the stop (15) of the located in the locking position the first catch (6) to (of the first inclined surface (13a) to the second inclined surface 14a ) shifted.


The invention discloses a mobile phone soft keyboard, which comprises a date button which is used for inputting the data, wherein an input interface of the date button comprises four small buttons; and the small buttons comprise the buttons of year, month, day and return which are respectively used for directly inputting Chinese characters of year, month and day or returning to the editing interface. The invention also discloses a mobile phone soft keyboard, which comprises a date button which is used for converting a date in a file into a date in a time format. The invention also discloses a date inputting method corresponding to the mobile phone soft keyboard. The date button is added into the mobile phone soft keyboard, an input method is not required to be switched, and the date can be directly input or the date can be converted into the time format, so that the time of transmitting short messages or recording is greatly shortened, the input functions of the mobile phone are improved, and the input efficiency is improved.


Differences between the native tissue emission and the contrast agent dye emission were measured and used to select fingerprint wavelengths for imaging. The image quality of contrast-agent-dyed tissues was significantly enhanced using spectral fluorescence difference imaging method.


AbstractCoastal ecosystems along the northern Gulf of Mexico are highly productive and are affected by fishing and petroleum industries in different, sometimes contrasting, ways. As a result of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in April 2010, oil and oil dispersants were introduced into the northern Gulf of Mexico. At the same time, large portions of the Gulf of Mexico were closed to commercial and recreational fishing for most of the 2010 summer. This presented a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of a fish assemblage exposed to changes in two disparate types of anthropogenic disturbances. We compared assemblage data for near-coastal fish (456 samples representing over 45,000 individuals and 109 species) from pre-DWH (before 2010) and post-DWH (2011–2014) to assess potential changes in abundance, diversity (alpha, beta, and gamma), and assemblage structure. In contrast to predicted oil-induced mortality, post-DWH assemblages were characterized by high abundance in 2011 (CPUE across all species ...


Abstract To observe effect and safety of different doses of ketorolac tromethamine in patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after hip arthroplasty. 60 hip arthroplasty patients injected with 0.5 mg/kg ketorolac tromethamine before anesthesia were randomly divided into group A, B and C in which the patients were injected 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg ketorolac tromethamine after operation respectively. Compared with group A, MAP and HR in group B and group C were lower at T1 (3 h after operation) and T2 (6 h after operation). In group A, MAP and HR at T3 (24 h after operation) and T4 (48 h after operation) were lower than at T1. Compared with group A, NRS scores of group B and C were significantly lower during the analgesia. Compared with group A, ramesay sedation scores in group B and group C were significantly higher at T1 and T2; Harris hip scores of group B and group C were significantly higher at T3 and T4; the total number of pushing PCA pump and dezocine dosage were significantly decreased in group B and group C. Preemptive analgesia combined with postoperative analgesia on patients after hip replacement was appropriate.


This study aims to was used to analyze the effect of substitution of Moringa oleifera and milkfish bones on the sensory evaluation and nutritional content of instant noodles with the best formula. This study design was Eksperimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There are four (4) comparative concentration treatments (control, 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3) which were carried out by hedonic tests of untrained panelists and children, then the best formula instant noodles are tested for nutritional content in the laboratory. The sampling technique used simple random sampling as many as 30 mothers of children under five and their toddlers who met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of sensory evaluation data used the statistical Kruskal-Wallis test with the further test Mann-Whitney, while the analysis of the nutrient content data used a different test (T-Test for carbohydrates, protein, calcium, iron, water, and Mann-Whitney for fat). Overall the results of the hedonic test of the parameters of color, flavor, taste, texture, and acceptance of instant noodles as a whole had a real or significant difference between the control and substitution formulas with a significant value of p≤0.05. The best formula from the hedonic test results was the F2 formula (substitution of Moringa oleifera and milkfish bones 2:2). The test results for the nutritional content of carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium, iron, and water content also differed significantly between the control formula and the best formula (F2) with a significant value of p≤0.05. The conclusion of this study is there was an effect of substitution of Moringa oleifera and milkfish bones on sensory evaluation and nutritional content of instant noodles.


Abstract:  Post‐transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) because of the Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is a major concern after pediatric transplantation. The group at greatest risk is EBV‐seronegative recipients who receive EBV‐seropositive organs. Additional risk factors remain to be determined, including those among EBV‐seropositive recipients. In this case‐control study, PTLD cases were biopsy‐proven over a period of 4 yr (1997–2000, inclusive). Each case was matched with 2 controls, based on the type of organ transplanted and the period of transplantation (±1 yr). Variables compared between cases and controls included those relating to the clinical and virologic profiles and immunosuppressive therapy. Twenty‐two cases of PTLD were diagnosed during the study period. PTLD cases occurred at a median of 22.8 months post‐transplantation (range 1–131). The median age of cases was 26.2 months (range 6.1–194) compared with 47.4 months (range 0.8–202.2) for controls (p = 0.93). Cases had a higher mean baseline EBV load compared with controls (3.1 log10 (s.d. ± 1.0) vs. 1.6 log10/106 PBMCs (s.d. ± 1.4), with every 1 log increase in viral load resulting in a three times increase in the likelihood of PTLD (p < 0.007). Close to one in four cases of PTLD were EBV‐seropositive pretransplantation. These seropositive recipients tended to be older patients with a trend to a worse outcome compared with their seronegative counterparts. The occurrence of PTLD was not associated with the use of any specific immunosuppressants. A significant proportion of PTLD cases occurred among EBV‐seropositive transplant recipients, with a tendency towards an unfavorable outcome. Besides EBV‐seronegative recipients who receive seropositive organs, some EBV‐seropositive pediatric patients are at risk of PTLD. Additional studies are warranted to further define the factors associated with PTLD in EBV‐seropositive transplant recipients.


EDITOR—Ferriman's news item describes the three initiatives taken at the recent meeting of the Global Forum for Health Research in Tanzania, designed to change the face of health research and health care in Africa and other developing countries.1 But I cannot see the point in criticising the G7 countries on the grounds that they are saving money on training costs because health professionals …


Soursop (Annona montana) is one of the plants that can be used as an antioxidant because it contains terpenoid. Antioxidants are responsible for neutralizing the increase of free radicals. The purpose of this research is to determine the secondary metabolite and antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radicals. This research was included as a descriptive research, which was conducted in the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of Academy of Pharmacy Putra Indonesia Malang. The research stages include the collection of materials, determination of plant, extraction with the maceration method for 5 days using ethanol 70%, qualitative testing of secondary metabolite compounds, testing of antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The DPPH solution concentration is 100.9 ppm, while the sample concentrations are 60 ppm, 70 ppm, 80 ppm, 90 ppm, and 100 ppm dissolved with ethanol pa and replicated for 3 times. All the solutions were measured their absorbance using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 515 nm of wavelength. The finding shows that the secondary metabolite of terpenoid was found on the soursop fruit extract. Also, the IC 50 value of 61 ppm was obtained. It can be concluded that the soursop fruit sample of 61 ppm can reduce the free radical level by 50% so it is categorized as a strong antioxidant.


A structural, luminosity, and velocity study of the cluster Abell 2244 is presented. A2244 was selected for study from the list of Struble and Rood because of its unusually binary-rich population in an evolved cD-type cluster environment, a contradiction in terms of cluster collapse scenarios versus the formation and survival of bound pairs. In comparison with the Coma cluster, A2244 is a slightly poorer version with a suspected deficiency in the number of cluster members in the core. This evidence, combined with the high-velocity dispersion of the cluster, suggests that a low-velocity population of galaxies has been consumed by the central cD galaxy. The central cD galaxy has a single low-velocity companion deep in its envelope and cross sections of its surface-brightness profile suggest that it is in transition from a depressed central surface-brightness object to a high central concentration system, a point of contention in merger models. All but two of the binary galaxies were found to be projections with other cluster members or stars and, thus, are not in conflict with the advanced dynamical age of the cluster. 35 refs.


Even if surgical complications are higher than in general population, overall survival in obese kidney recipients is better than in obese dialyzed patients with a body mass index up to 35 [2]. Moreover, third and fourth KT is becoming commonplace [3]. Surgical techniques are various in the literature. Some authors use a trans-peritoneal midline incision others use a retroperitoneal heterotopic approach. The overall surgical complications rate is about 25% without graft loss reported. Now we have come to fifth KT in patients whose life expectancy lengthens and in whom the progress of immunosuppression allows re-transplantation [4].


The introduction of the product operator formalism [1] has greatly improved the description of multiple-pulse NMR experiments allowing the understanding of the fate of the magnetization in a direct manner. The use of this formalism has become widespread [2] because of its advantages ower both the complete density matrix approach and the method of vector diagrams. It is much simpler than the former and it permits a clear description of the results while remaining rigorous. With respect to the latter, it allows one to visualize all the states of the magnetization and to follow their evolution over very complicated pulse sequences. The rules that govern the evolution of product operators are very simple and lend themselves to automation by means of computer programs. Automation is especially desirable considering that the description of any two-dimensional experiment leads quickly to very long expressions which can be affected by trivial mistakes. Recently, computer programs that perform such calculations have been reported in the literature. Among these are the program by Nakashima and McClung [3] and the more recent one by Shriver [4]. The first was written in FORTRAN 77 and describes the evolution of product operators in the spherical basis [3]. While this approach is extremely useful in following coherence pathways and thus deriving phase cycling schemes, many times the use of the cartesian basis is preferable as in the development of new pulse sequences. The second program [4] was written in the new computer language Mathematica whose major advantage is the easy simplification of algebraic expressions. This program was written for Macintosh systems and is not yet available for IBM personal computers. The input seems to be stepwise and rather cumbersome. The program presented here runs within MS-DOS and describes the evolution of cartesian product operators. The program, named "EVOLVE", was written using the QuickBasic (C) 4.50 language. The input is from a file which contains all the information pertaining to the spin system and the pulse sequence, and the output is filed separately.


A new derivation of the Schwarz--Christoffel (S--C) transformation for doubly connected domains is given. The work is based on constructing the pre-Schwarzian by reflection of singularities. A derivation of the simply connected S--C map without appeal to Liouville's theorem is a byproduct of this work.


Plate heat exchangers (PHE) consist of a series of thin corrugated plates hung from a carrying bar and clamped between a fixed and movable head plate. The corrugated plates or heat transfer plates are normally stainless steel or other materials ductile enough to allow pressing. Each heat transfer plate is fitted with an elastomeric gasket, partly to seal and partly to distribute the process fluids. Connections in the fixed or movable head plates permit the entry of the process fluids into the plate pack.


An enhancement of a conventional PI controller used on grid connected power factor corrector (PFC) systems is suggested in this paper. The transient length is reduced by applying two different methods. The first one consists of an auxiliary unit which increases the error signal, while the second one is a hybrid controller which completely replaces the basic PI controller when DC-link voltage drop is detected. The applied control method is based on hybrid controller proposed in the literature for dc-dc power converters. In order to apply this method to the PCF case the controller was properly analyzed for variable input voltage and simulation results demonstrate the theoretical findings.


Since 1990 when Congress fi rst passed the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA), the Department of Defense has provided ample guidance to "improve the effectiveness of the personnel who manage and implement defense acquisition programs." Eighteen years later, and after an evolutionary training transformation intended to strengthen each functional area of expertise, the defense acquisition workforce is poised to meet even greater acquisition challenges. However, programs are becoming more technically complex. Acquisition challenges continue to dominate. Fortunately, the inherent synergy that already exists between Systems Engineering and Lean Six Sigma can help unravel the more diffi cult technical hurdles associated with many complex defense acquisition programs. This article addresses the common attributes that make their union the next logical step.


The burden of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in South America is among the highest in the world. However, the epidemiology and risk factors for NAFLD are insufficiently described in the region.


Dental health or oral health is often refered as the welfare Of the mouth, including the teeth and sipporting structures and free tissue from disease and pain, and mouth as well as supporting the tissue to function optimally. In Indonesia, periodontal desease is  the second most illness  suffered by the community (±73.50%),and amounted to 4-5% of the population suffer from advanced periodontal desease or guingival in the presence of lessions on the oral mucosa.  The research good is to find a relationship of chewing with conditions of periodontal tissues were chewing of banjar Sedana  Mertha of Denpasar in 2012. The method of the study is descriftive research with cross sectional approach. The population of this research was 20 people.  Results of the research concluded on the 20 respondents who had a habit of chewing on get as many as 14 women and 6 man.The higest score is the state of the periodontal tissues by 14 respondent shallow pockets, pockests in  5 respondents, tartar 1 respondent. Result of statistic Test of Pearson obtained r=0,669 and p=0.001. This research showing a significant correlation between habit with a condition of periodontal tissue


A general procedure is given for the design of an active switched-capacitor filter from an actlve-RC model. The process is based on trapezoidal integration. The resulting sampled-data circuit response is related to that of the model through the bilinear z-transformation.


Background: One of the main goals of patient management is the reconstruction of tissue defects following surgical resection for oral cancer. A variety of flaps used for this purpose, the most frequent being a Pectoralis Major Myocutaneus Flap (PMMF). This flap is currently widely used for the reconstruction of different defects of the head and neck. Methods: Surgical resection of the primary tumor, as well as neck dissection, performed on 29 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma between 2011–2017 in City Hospital #1 and Surgical Training Clinic of Azerbaijan Medical University. PMMF used for the reconstruction of defects using a deltopectoral flap incision. Results: In 22 patients (75.8 %) primary healing occurred following a PMMF. Four patients (13.8 %) suffered PMMF necrosis and were took back to the operating room for secondary reconstruction with a deltopectoral flap. In three patients (10.3%) the skin of the flap underwent necrosis, resulting in the development of an orocutaneous fistula. Conclusion: Use of PMMF with deltopectoral flap incision enables deltopectoral flap availability. This flap can then used early on or if PMMF fails.


From 1979 to 1989, approximately 25,000 Post Northern Marshall Islands Radiological Survey (PNMIRS) samples were collected, and over 71,400 radiochemical and gamma spectroscopy analyses were performed to establish the concentration of {sup 90}Sr, {sup 137}Cs, {sup 241}Am, and plutonium isotopes in soil, vegetation, fish, and animals in the Northern Marshall Islands. While the Low Level Gamma Counting Facility (B379) in the Health and Ecological Assessment (HEA) division accounted for over 80% of all gamma spectroscopy analyses, approximately 4889 radiochemical and 5437 gamma spectroscopy analyses were performed on 4784 samples of soil, vegetation, terrestrial animal, and marine organisms by outside laboratories. Four laboratories were used by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to perform the radiochemical analyses: Thermo Analytical Norcal, Richmond, California (TMA); Nuclear Energy Services, North Carolina State University (NCSU); Laboratory of Radiation Ecology, University of Washington (LRE); and Health and Ecological Assessment (HEA) division, LLNL, Livermore, California. Additionally, LRE and NCSU were used to perform gamma spectroscopy analyses. The analytical precision and accuracy were monitored by including blind duplicates and natural matrix standards in each group of samples analyzed. On the basis of reported analytical values for duplicates and standards, 88% of the gamma and 87% of the radiochemical analyses in this survey were accepted. By laboratory, 93% of the radiochemical analyses by TMA; 88% of the gamma-ray spectrometry and 100% of the radiochemistry analyses by NCSU; 89% of the gamma spectroscopy and 87% of the radiochemistry analyses by LRE; and 90% of the radiochemistry analyses performed by HEA`s radiochemistry department were accepted.


Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Pim-3 and Cdk-2 in lung squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The expression of Pim-3 and Cdk-2 in lung squamous cell carcinoma was detected by immunohistochemistry and its correlation with clinical-pathological factors was statistically analyzed.Results The expression of Pim-3 and Cdk-2 protein was significantly increased in lung squamous cell carcinoma than that of non-cancerous lung tissues(P0.001).The expression of Pim-3 was correlated with the degree of carcinoma differentiation,and its level in high and moderate differentiation group was much lower than the poor differentiation group(P0.01).No correlation was found between the expression level of Pim-3 and Cdk-2 and the gender,size,age,history of smoking(P0.05).There was statistical difference between Lymph node metastasis group and no-Lymph node metastasis group(P0.001).The expression of Cdk-2 was correlated with the pathological TNM stage(P0.05),and its level in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ was higher than stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P0.05).There were positive correlation between the expression of Pim-3 and Cdk-2(P=0.001).Conclusion High expression of Pim-3 and Cdk-2 protein may be closely related to the occurrence and development of lung squamous cell carcinoma.


on the status and position of women of different countries, the role of women in national development, male-dominated theories in women's studies, and the recognition of womanpower in domestic, national, and international spheres of action. Invitations will be sent not only to fe(male) scholars in the humanities and the social and physical sciences, but also to housewives, working mothers, women teachers, doctors, and nurses, women in the armed services and the police, women agricultural labourers and factory workers, peace researchers, women politicians, and women lawyers, among others. There will be ten panels and a number of working groups; suggestions and advice are welcome. Please write: Samir K. Ghosh, 15A Gangaprasad Mukherjee Rd., Calcutta 700025, India.


Daniel Pinkham (1923-2006) composed numerous works for chorus, orchestra, organ, and combinations of these forces. This body of repertoire comprises a broad and eclectic collection of styles and levels of complexity. Pinkham's compositional career was driven by the commissions he received, and the diversity of his oeuvre is a reflection of the varying size, make-up, and ability of the commissioning ensembles. Pinkham's compositions show influences of his mentors, and are colored by his tastes and philosophy. The stylistic contrast in Pinkham's choral cantatas as a whole makes it difficult to place the works into categories or style periods. In his late cantatas, however, an amalgamation of styles is found. Multiple elements from his past can be found in his late works. Additionally, the application of Gebrauchsmusik as understood by Pinkham is evident in these late compositions. This potpourri of Pinkham's musical interests melds to create a unique sound – distinctly contemporary by twentieth-century standards – that maintains accessibility for a broad range of performers and listeners. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that in Pinkham's late choral cantatas – specifically Advent Cantata (1991) and The Creation of the World (1994) – his compositional style is defined by serial writing, economy of means, and classic formal structures, and these devices are utilized in a fashion consistent with the composer's understanding of Gebrauchsmusik.


We show that the inclusion of special relativistic corrections in the revised OPAL and MHD equations of state has a significant impact on the helioseismic determination of the solar age. Models with relativistic corrections included lead to a reduction of about $0.05 - 0.08 \gi $ with respect to those obtained with the old OPAL or MHD EOS. Our best-fit value is $t_\mathrm{seis} = (4.57 \pm 0.11) \gi $ which is in remarkably good agreement with the meteoritic value for the solar age. We argue that the inclusion of relativistic corrections is important for probing the evolutionary state of a star by means of the small frequency separations $\delta\nu_{{\ell,n}}=\nu_{{\ell,n}}-\nu_{{\ell+2,n-1}}$, for spherical harmonic degrees $\ell = 0,1$ and radial order $n \gg \ell$.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing a chlorosilane of the formula H4-nSiCln, wherein n = 1,2,3 and / or 4, characterized in that, in the reactor, the silicon in the silicon bed and at least Cl2 or HCl one silicon-containing compound are reacted.


Introduction: Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection (NSTI) is an uncommon diagnosis that is often at onset difficult to differentiate from other superficial skin conditions and can be fatal without rapid surgical intervention. Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are noted to have an increased risk of NSTI secondary to an immunocompromised state caused both by the underlying autoimmune disease and immunosuppressive therapy. The bullae seen in bullous SLE, a rare variant with blistering skin, can make diagnosis more challenging. Case: Presented is a case of NSTI in a patient with bullous lupus that illustrates the rapidly progressive nature of a NSTI due to GAS, the challenges in its diagnosis, and the complications encountered during management. Conclusion: NSTI in a patient with bullous systemic lupus erythematous may be difficult to diagnosis given the bullae associated with the rheumatologic disease and potential absence of gas on CT imaging in type 2 infections. Complications can include septic shock and need for multiple debridement surgeries.


This paper uses case studies and actual observation of the modulus type, structural characteristics of the comb plate telescopic device and common diseases were discussed in detail the advantages and disadvantages discussed above telescopic device for the bridge project using the device provides a telescopic good examples and suggestions.


Introduction: although the incidence of complications in the chronic temporal bone infections has decreased, they remain a potential threat in terms of morbidity and mortality. Objective: to characterize the pediatric patients who are operated on for complicated acquired giant cholesteotomas. Methods: prospective and descriptive study of 11 pediatric patients with giant cholesteatomas and preoperative complications; they had been attended to and operated on at the otorrhinolaryngology service of "William Soler" pediatric hospital in the period of January 2011 through January 2013. The postoperative follow-up lasted 6 year. These patients were performed otoscopy, otomicroscopy, mastoid X rays, CT for hearing, as well as audiometric studies preoperatively and postoperatively. The surgical technique was the open one combined with timpanoplasty and ossiculoplasty in one-stage. Postsurgical functional hearing problems and relapses were all analyzed. Results: the most frequent locations of marginal perforations were anteroposterior flaccid pars (n= 5; 45.46 %) followed by posterosuperior mesotympanic (n= 4; 36.46 %). Preoperative extracranial complications prevailed (81.82 %). There was preoperative anacusia (n= 2, laberintitis). There were no perioperative complications. The most relevant surgical finding was facial tympanic dehiscence (n= 7; 63.64 %) that matched the results of the preoperative tomography. Tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty were performed in seven patients, type III (n= 7; 71.42 %), with average preoperative hearing loss of 53dB and postoperative one of 38 dB. Four patients were reoperated. Conclusions: the used technique shows satisfactory surgical and postsurgical functional results.


In general the terminology and notation of [1] is used throughout. A correspondence for topological spaces is a triple f : P → Q where P and Q are topological spaces and f is a subset of P × Q , the graph of f : P → Q . A correspondence f : P → Q will be called graph-compact, or graph-closed, or graph-Souslin, or graph-analytic if f is, respectively, compact or closed or Souslin or analytic in P × Q .


We study efficient estimation of regression models via quantile regression. Both the classical parametric linear regression model and the nonparametric regression model are investigated. We argue that it is crucial to optimally combine information over quantiles. We investigate both the weighted composite quantile regression estimator based on a quantile weighted loss function, and the weighted quantile average estimator based on a weighted average of quantile regression estimators at single quantiles. We show that efficient regression estimators can be constructed using quantile regression. In the case of non-regular statistical estimation, the proposed estimators lead to super-efficient estimation. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are studied and efficiency comparison is conducted among these estimators and other estimators such as the ordinary least squares estimator and the least-absolute-deviation estimator. We also conduct Monte Carlo experiments to investigate the sampling performance of the proposed estimators. AMS 2000: Primary 62J05, 62G08; Secondary 62G20.


From the cutting edge of innovations in online education comes the MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), a potentially disruptive and transformational mechanism for large-scale learning. What's the role of librarians in a MOOC? What can librarians learn from participating in a large-scale professional development opportunity delivered in an open environment to illuminate their own practice? This paper explores the experiences and perceptions of librarians and information professionals participating in an LIS-centered MOOC taught by the authors. We will share insights gained from active participants in the course as they encounter this emerging landscape.


Blanton and Jaccard (2006) questioned the 4-test regression method used by Greenwald et al. (2002) to test a pure multiplicative theory. The present authors address Blanton and Jaccard's concerns with a combination of simulations and meta-analysis. Simulations show that (a) Blanton and Jaccard's preferred simultaneous regression method has a severe power loss in testing multiplicative theories when predictor variables' means deviate from rational zero values, and (b) Greenwald et al.'s 4-test method has a more limited weakness when predictor means deviate from rational zero in the positive direction. Metaanalyses showed that aggregate analyses of Greenwald et al.'s 5 experiments confirmed a multiplicative theory regardless of which analysis method was used. However, only the 4-test method could confirm a pure multiplicative theory.


Some years ago Swoboda' made the suggestion that the Chalcidian League was formed at the time of the revolt of Olynthos and Potidaea from Athens in 432. He based his hypotheses upon the narrative of Thucydides. The purpose of this paper is to present certain additional evidence, for the most part numismatic, and thereby to strengthen Swoboda's suggestions; I shall make use also of contemporary inscriptions. Before the Chalcidian coins can be used, however, they must be redated, and I shall devote considerable space to the discussion of this problem. It will be shown that the dates given by Head in his Historia Numorum are incorrect. I need not touch upon the interesting question, recently raised by Harrison in an article in the Classical Quarterly,2 as to who the Chalcidians were, whether they were colonists of Chalcis, as has been generally supposed, or whether they were a Greek tribe, in origin similar to the Bottiaeans. It will be sufficient to note that as early as the Persian Wars the Chalcidians seem to have acted as a unit in times of crisis. Herodotos3 informs us that rO XaXKLSLK'V -y6'evos furnished a contingent to the army of Xerxes. Likewise the historian's account shows4 that after the battle of Salamis, when Potidaea revolted from the king, the Chalcidians remained faithful to him and, as a reward for their loyalty, were presented with the city of Olynthos, which hitherto had been inhabited by Bottiaeans. Critoboulos of Torone was put in charge of this settlement. Comparing this with Thucydides' we may assume that Torone was a Chalcidic city. Thus in 479 Olynthos came into the hands of the Chalcidians and this fact


Background Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) likely arise from an evolutionary process involving accumulation of somatic mutations and selection that occurs at the level of hematopoietic stem cells. Using next generation sequencing (NGS), several groups found recurrent somatic mutations to be associated with MDS. However, the history of stepwise molecular progression is still poorly defined. Likewise, little is known about patient-specific subclonal compositions, which may well contribute to the tremendous heterogeneity observed both in terms of clinical manifestations and response to treatment. Therefore, we sought to reconstruct patient-specific clonal hierarchies and decipher their dynamic evolution during long-term disease monitoring in order to better understand MDS pathogenesis and aid in adapting targeted therapeutic options in the future. Methods Bone marrow (BM) or CD34+ cells from patients with MDS were subjected to mutational screening by whole exome sequencing (WES, n=44) or targeted NGS (n=28) interrogating up to 17 recurrently mutated genes. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were used as germline control. Allelic burdens were quantified with custom pyrosequencing assays and interphase-FISH in FACS purified myeloid, erythroid, lymphoid and stem cells isolated from both patients' BM and corresponding xenografts in NSG mice. For unbiased follow up analysis, BM or CD34+ cells from two distant time points (median: 3 years, range 0.5-4.0 years) were analyzed for 13 patients using WES and these data were used to design patient-specific mutational panels. These panels contained amplicons representing mutational events uniquely present at one time point as well as others present at both time points. The panels were then subjected to ultra-deep-sequencing (UDS) to accurately quantify mutational burdens in all follow up (FU) samples. Results Integrative mutational data allowed us to reconstruct patient-specific mutational hierarchies in 35 cases, which revealed both linear and branching evolution in MDS. The data is also in support of the notion that potential founder lesions are highly enriched in genes involved in RNA splicing and epigenetic regulators, which we further show to be frequently detected in primary and/or xenografted lymphocytes. In contrast, we clearly demonstrate that large scale cytogenetic lesions (e.g. monosomy 7, trisomy 8, del(5q)) occur as late mutational events in at least 85% of the cases analyzed (n=17/20, 3 unresolved cases). Moreover, we could readily demonstrate the existence of subclonal heterogeneity in the patients' BM, with variable contribution to different lineages and also cases showing lineage restriction of specific sub-clones. Most importantly, UDS analysis of FU samples from 13 independent patients (median FU 3.3 years, range FU 0.5-11.8 years and median of 5 samples per patient) with detailed clinical data revealed a highly dynamic clonal evolution during the course of the disease and dramatic shifts in the composition of mutational (sub-)clusters during therapy. Treatment often resulted in complete disappearance of specific sub-clones and most importantly, simultaneous outgrowth of previously undetectable subclones that subsequently dominated the marrow. Conclusion By reconstructing patient-specific mutational hierarchies we gained invaluable insights into the dynamic clonal composition and the molecular progression of human MDS. Our study shows that acquisition of large scale cytogenetic lesions appears to be a rather late event, which likely indicates that such lesions might not be tolerated by healthy stem cells. Most importantly, WES and subsequent deep sequencing analysis of FU samples demonstrated that patient-specific clonal diversity is highly dynamic and modulated during the course of the disease. This is especially true upon response to treatment, where concomitant disappearance and emergence of new pathogenic subclones was observed. Our work unravels two major paths of mutational acquisition by which MDS cells evade therapeutic pressure: (1) linear evolution of the previously sensitive subclone or (2) by branching evolution of an earlier independent founder clone. Our findings therefore strongly emphasize the importance of a genetically unbiased disease monitoring and the development of novel therapeutic strategies aiming at targeting founder lesions that are present in all ensuing subclones. Disclosures Nolte:Celgene Corp., Novartis Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership.


The use of videoconferencing enables a primary care provider and patient at one location to confer with a specialist at a distant site. Although this encounter may benefit all parties, this arrange...


Between 1889 and 1890, John Wilson and his family were among nearly three thousand African American settlers to enter Oklahoma Territory, where Wilson's two daughters first attended an integrated school. The Wilson family was undoubtedly drawn by the educational and economic opportunities that were present in the fluid space—opportunities that did not always exist elsewhere in the country. Yet the territorial legislature sought to narrow those opportunities, which it did by segregating the schools. Wilson and his family did not accept this limitation and fought back through both the courts and active resistance. This article examines that first legal challenge to the segregated school system: Territory ex rel. Wilson v. Marion et al. This case informs not only our understanding of the durability of racism in an actively contested western space but also the forms of African American resistance to the reactivation of racial hierarchy.


It is the vitality of scientific research management in normal universities to unite talent development with literacy education as an organic combination.Nowadays,the object,content,methods and means,management stratege became to be the corner stone of the opening of normal universityes.In practice,it is useful for normal universities serving for society.


In order to improve the institutional setup in China's university library,this paper investigates the organizational structure often university libraries in China,finds some problems,and puts forward some suggestions based on these problems,and points out that the improvement of university library's organizational structure should insist on the people-oriented principle,the informatization principle and systematization principle.


The article is dedicated to representation and functions of tropes in American journalistic texts, their semantic and cognitive features. The figurative language under analysis is a reflection of American politicians' language, in particular their everyday metaphors. Not only do we examine the main aspects of figurative language associated with aquatic habitat used by American politicians in public discourse, but we also rely upon an approach based on conceptual metaphor theory when we analyse and classify conceptual metaphors related to water. The object of cognitive analysis is political texts in American newspapers and magazines. The author provides a linguistic analysis of conceptual metaphors, their functions and application. Metaphors serve as indicators of functional changes in American English. Cognitive aspects of metaphors are being discussed. According to the theory of cognitive linguistics, a metaphor is an integral part of the cognitive process and an instrument that expresses and forms new notions. American politicians often use metaphors to affect the unconscious minds of the people. The research results show that the most frequently used conceptual metaphors in the analysed corpora are the linguistic realisations of metaphors from the source domain of aquatic habitat. All the metaphors of this group are classified into subgroups according to the key semantic component. A deep consideration is given to aquatic metaphors and reasons of their topicality.


In this study, association estimators applied in the network inference methods used to determine disease-related molecular interactions using breast cancer, which is the most common type of cancer in women, proteomic data were examined and hub genes in the gene-gene interaction network related to the disease were identified. Proteomic data of 901 breast cancer patients were generated using reverse phase protein array provided by The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) as a data set. Correlations and mutual information (MI) based estimators used in the literature were compared in the study, and WGCNA and minet R packages were used. As a result, it is seen that the MI based shrink estimator method has more successful results than the correlation-based adjacency function used in the estimation of biological networks in the WGCNA package. Achievement rates have ranged from 0.67 to 1.00 in the shrink estimation, with adjacency functions ranging from 0.33 to 0.86 for different module counts. In addition, hub genes and inferenced networks of successful results are presented for the review of biologists.


In his book titled The Shape of Time. Remarks on the History of Things, George Kubler criticised the nature of chronologically and linearly approached and explained historical concept. He claims that applying biological metaphors to the periodical changes in history results in the adverse consequence that it presumes repetitious life cycles in different eras of the past. Shaping a new criminal method or trick is mutatis mutandis an initial sequence-starter object, just like a painting projecting a new, original approach. However, not only the existence of the original work of art is necessary, it must be subject to reliable verification, we cannot always identify the first perpetrator of the given criminal method.


From a rare pathology and unknown etiology, the authors report a cranio-facial case without any other body symptoms. A literature review can be found after the case report.


Abstract Comparison between hydro-distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) by Co2on Anthemis nobilis var. flora plena was investigated. The oil content of flowers extracted by hydro-distillation method was 1.87 and its major components were: isobutyl angelate (25.85%), 2-me-thyl butyl angelate (13.02%), propyl tiglate (12.00%), iso-amyl angelate (6.63%), 3-methyl butyl iso-butyrate (5.20%) and iso-amyl-2-methyl butyrate (4.08%), and by SFE method were: 2-methyl-butyl angelate (8.59%) iso-amyl-angelate (4.21%), iso-amyl-2-methyl butyrate (2.77%) and propyl tiglate (2.34%). The extraction of the essential oil of Anthemis nobilis var. flora plena by hydro-distillation is recommended.


The authors report the preparation and physical characterization (X-ray, UV-visible-near IR, IR, EPR, magnetic susceptibility) of two new metalloporphyrin [pi]-cation radical derivatives formally analogous to the radical cation of the photosynthetic reaction central special pair. The complexes are [M(OEP[sup [sm bullet]/2])][sub 2][sup +] (M = Ni or Cu), and they possess a single electron holes per pair of porphyrin rings; both form discrete dimers in the solid state. The absence of an obvious covalent bond in these dimers distinguishes them from al previously characterized [open quotes]partially oxidized[close quotes] bis(porphyrin) systems. 21 refs., 4 figs.


Heat transfer coefficients and circulating data were obtained for a single tube thermosiphon reboiler operated under vacuum and at atmospheric pressure. The results are compared with existing correlations. an analysis is presented for local heat transfer coefficients in the single phase and two-phase regions.


An energy integrated utilization scheme for the off gas was described. The high pressure off gas was expanded to a low pressure through expanders. Therefore, the energy is recovered, at the same time, low temperature was resulted with the off gas expanding and producing work. The cyclohexane recovery in the off gas with only 0.2% was implemented using a new type of finned tube exchanger to cool the off gas. The annual profit for a 30000 t/a cyclohexanone unit is 3060000 Yuan/a. The investment recovery term is less than one year by preliminary estimation. This scheme is a reference for those units in which off gases are vented, high pressure streams are depressurized or a small quantity of organic compounds in off gases needs to be recovered.


In this, the centenary year of the outbreak of World War One, the so-called 'Great War', historians are sifting the historical record for new perspectives and interpretations of this critically important watershed event in 20th century history. The Great War was an event of unprecedented significance in its scope and influence on all corners of the globe, giving rise to new technologies, new military strategies, new social attitudes, new political alliances, and a rich lexicon of new words to describe the utterly novel experiences of participants in this global conflict. It also set in motion events that continue to resonate in the geopolitical realities of the 21st century.This article will explore the ways in which language is influenced by socio-cultural forces generated by international conflicts such as the Great War and how these influences in turn result in the sometimes subtle and at times far-reaching linguistic transformations. This exploration will deal principally with the emergence of English as a global lingua franca and the mutual interactions between it and another emerging global language: Chinese. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis of weak and strong linguistic determinism will act as one of the referential frames for this discussion.(ProQuest: ... denotes non-USASCII text omitted.)The origins of the oft-quoted aphorism, 'History is written by victors', variously attributed to Churchill, Machiavelli, or even William Wallace, are lost in time. Its truth strikes us as self-evident. Max Lerner makes the more interesting and provocative statement, 'The so-called lessons of history are for the most part the rationalizations of the victors. History is written by the survivors (Lerner, 1989 [1943]).' Those left behind have indeed adopted this sentiment, word for word, in languages such as Chinese ... It points to the seemingly self-evident truth that when cultures and nations come into contact, the victors who emerge from inevitable competition and conflict are afforded the privilege of writing the definitive historical record.What may be overlooked in this truism is that the language in which the victor records history is also significant, not just the content. In fact, the language(s) of the victorious at a socio-political level reflect the dynamic state of ongoing struggles between competing cultures and civilizations and their respective languages. Hidden within those languages and their grammars are artifacts that reflect deeper inter-linguistic conflict, adaptation to new circumstances, and evidence of evolutionary change.The very words we use to record our histories, therefore, are the product of socio-cultural interactions from the individual through to the international. A deeper understanding of where and when new words are invented or borrowed, or how languages evolve, may shed some new light on the pivotal events of history, such as World War One.In a process that has spanned centuries and gathered increasing cultural and political momentum and geographical coverage, English, or 'Globish' has emerged from the global conflicts of the 20th century as the global lingua franca (EurActiv, 2013; McPeek, 2012; Popan, 2011). If language does play a role in shaping understanding, the language in which the next generation will construct its understanding of World War One and associated conflicts and events, possibly English, may therefore have an impact extending beyond the supposedly neutral instrumentality of factual communication.In stark contrast to the rise of English, the evolution of modern Chinese, precipitated in part by the humiliation of the Chinese people at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 (and later formalized in the Treaty of Versailles), provides an interesting counterpoint to the journey of English in the century since the beginning of World War One. Historically, Chinese has exerted a powerful influence on the languages and cultures of adjacent nations, Japan, Vietnam, and Korea in particular. …


Kerala is the synonym to biodiversity. Fresh water ichthyological diversity is the most crucial part of biodiversity as it is difficult to be estimated and protected. The study aimed to estimate the fish diversity of Pallickal River in relation to physico chemical parameters. The period of study was from March 2012 to October 2012. Fish samples and surface water samples were collected seasonally. Specimens were preserved in 4% formalin. Identification of fishes was done with standard keys and water samples were analyzed by standard procedures. Statistical analysis of the data was done. 30 fishes belongs to 16 families of 9 orders were obtained, in which the dominant family was Cyprinidae. One endangered species and 7 vulnerable species were recorded during the study. Biodiversity indices were calculated using Biodiversity pro and the values obtained showed rich and healthy ecosystem showing less over dominance and high diversity. Dominant species differed in relation to site and season. Physico chemical parameters indicated the ecosystem as a life sustainable one, except low pH recorded at site 1 during pre monsoon period. DO, PH and TDS were identified as the principal factors those influence the piscian fauna, using PCA. Index terms Biodiversity, Cyprinidae, Ichthyology, Pallickal River, PCA


Recent work has been done to study the transmission properties of infrared fibers (sapphire, fluoride and chalcogenide) and hollow reflecting waveguides for a range of cw and pulsed infrared lasers. Performance of these devices for medical applications has also been studied. Work has been focused on lowering costs and improving performance as well as on fabrication of novel handpieces that increase safety and improve energy transfer for cosmetic therapy. Evanescent wave coupling to tissue for diagnostic and therapeutic applications is also being evaluated.


The anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistic science encourages researchers to solve new problems related to the description of mental units - concepts. In this regard, studies devoted to examination of artistic concepts that contribute to modeling the artistic image of an author's world as an option of linguistic image of the world and a variety of interaction between national and the author's individual in the creative idiolect are of particular importance. The diversity of views in modern linguistics on problems associated with the understanding of the essence of artistic concept and the methodology of its analysis testifies to the complexity of the phenomenon studied; and, consequently, the need for its detailed and thorough comprehension and scientific description. This article was focused on description of the theoretical foundations of the selection of artistic concept in contemporary linguistic cognition in modern lingvocognitology. The article also presented a review of the definitions of the term studied in the scientific linguistic literature, outlined the main directions in studying the artistic concept, and also identified and analyzed its characteristic and specific features. In the course of the research, it was established that the artistic concept was a mental formation verbalized in an artistic text s associated with a figurative transfer of a certain phenomenon or object. The artistic concept combined the generally accepted knowledge and subjective perception of the author's reality. Moreover, the artistic concept, representing a key unit of cognitive paradigm of researching an artistic text, had several distinctive features: associative nature, imagery and symbolism, emotiveness, orientation to aesthetic information, dialogicality, variability of semantic content, ability to enrich the meaning, etc. The study of the artistic concept further promoted comprehension of the ideological content of the artistic text, comprehension of the author's conceptual sphere, and identification of the author's specific idiostyle. During the research; general scientific methods of observation, analysis and synthesis, description, comparison, and generalization were used.


Top tension riser is one of the most frequently used and vulnerable equipment in deep-sea petroleum engineering. With experiments and CFD simulations, researchers have found some hysteresis phenomenon and bistable behavior in vortex-induced vibration of the cylinders. However, there is still insufficient research on the bifurcation phenomenon and the multi-stable behavior of the riser vortex-induced vibration. In this study, based on the Van der Pol wake oscillator model, the vortex-induced vibration cross-flow governing equations of the riser fluid structure–coupled system in linear shear flow are established. Then the simplified multi-degrees-of-freedom model with 15-order modes is derived by the Galerkin method. Poincare map is utilized to obtain bifurcation diagram and identify the dynamic property of the top tension riser in a wide flow velocity range. Nonlinear dynamic behavior such as bistable behavior and even tristable behavior are discovered from the bifurcation diagram. Combined with the riser coupled system's eigen analysis and the three-dimensional spectrum contour, it is found that there are various phenomena of mode interaction in the riser system, including 1:3 internal resonance phenomenon. Such study can provide reference and guide the design and optimization of riser structural parameters.


This paper reports on research into the implications of labour market change for a sample of 500 first time home buyers in South Australia (SA). It follows up on preliminary research reported in an earlier paper and aims to establish if access to home ownership has been, or is being affected, by recent changes in the Australian labour market. Increased job insecurity is presumed to be impacting on home ownership aspirations and sustainabilty across all income groups but is largely untested. While Australia has one of the highest casual employment rates among developed countries, SA stands out within the nation as being the most precarious labour market. SA experienced a net loss of 20,000 full time jobs in the decade 1990 to 2000 with part time and casual employment the main job growth area. Ninety six per cent, that is 17,000 of the 18,000 jobs created in SA in the three years up to 2000, were part time. Australia's welfare and housing polices have been predicated for fifty years on the perceived merits of home ownership. Welfare benefits both during employment and on retirement have been based on household investment being extended over time through home ownership. Thus any significant change in purchaser behaviour particularly in the cohort who would traditionally have entered home ownership as early as possible, merits review. The main research instrument was a postal survey of first time homebuyers who made their purchase during the period 1st January 1999 to 31 December 2000. The study area included the Greater Adelaide Metropolitan Area (GAMA) and the regional centres of Mount Gambier, Murray Bridge and Port Lincoln. The paper reports on the findings and policy implications of the research. This research was funded by a 2001 Australian Housing & Urban Research Institute (AHURI) grant.


PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the use of Twitter in business as a medium for knowledge sharing and to crowdsource information to support innovation and enhance business relationships in the context of business-to-business (B2B) marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a combination of methodologies for gathering data in 52 face-to-face interviews across five countries and the downloaded posts from each of the interviewees' Twitter accounts. The tweets were analysed using structural topic modelling (STM), and then compared to the interview data. This method enabled triangulation between stated use of Twitter and respondent's actual tweets.FindingsThe research confirmed that individuals used Twitter as a source of information, ideas, promotion and innovation within their industry. Twitter facilitates building relevant business relationships through the exchange of new, expert and high-quality information within like-minded communities in real time, between companies and with their suppliers, customers and also their peers.Research limitations/implicationsAs this study covered five countries, further comparative research on the use of Twitter in the B2B context is called for. Further investigation of the formalisation of social media strategies and return on investment for social media marketing efforts is also warranted.Practical implicationsThis research highlights the business relationship building capacity of Twitter as it enables customer and peer conversations that eventually support the development of product and service innovations. Twitter has the capacity for marketers to inform and engage customers and peers in their networks on wider topics thereby building the brand of the individual users and their companies simultaneously.Originality/valueThis study focuses on interactions at the individual level illustrating that Twitter is used for both customer and peer interactions that can lead to the sourcing of ideas, knowledge and ultimately innovation. The study is novel in its methodological approach of combining structured interviews and text mining that found the topics of the interviewees' tweets aligned with their interview responses.


The dielectric function of Ag and Au for wavelengths ranging from the infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet regime was measured with reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy REELS. The spectra are compared to density functional theory DFT calculations and to experimental optical data available in the literature since about three decades ago. The REELS and DFT results exhibit good consistency, while the earlier optical data significantly deviate. The results demonstrate that REELS and DFT are powerful tools for the study of the electromagnetic response of surfaces.


The procedure adopted for the synthesis of selenocyanates (X) involves the construction of the pyrrolidine moiety by the intramolecular cyclization of dinitrile (V).


Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is an important indicator of capital adeguacy in the bank health assessment. The bank capltal indicator should be prioritized given in its mechanism banking is an industry that relies on public trust. A healthy bank which can be seen from its capital indicators should be the basis for the community to establish trust in the bank. In this research, there are three variables that affect capital adequacy. The three variables are; Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Operating Expenses Operating Income (OEOI). The aim of this study is to find out the effect of Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Operating Expenses Operating Income (OEOI) on the capital adequacy of Sharia banks in Indonesia. The samples in this study were 11 Sharia banks in Indonesia. The selection of the samples used a nonprobability sampling (a sampling total) technique. The multiple regression test was used to analyze the data which is preceded by the classical assumption test consisting of normality test and heteroscedasticity test. The hypotheses were tested using the F test and t test with significance level o = 0.05. The findings indicate that the NPF had significant negative effect on capital adequacy; FDR had an insignificant positive effect on capital adequacy; and OEOI had an insignificant negative effect on capial adequacy. Keywords: Non Performing Fiturrcing(NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio(FDR), Operating Expenses to Operating Income(OEOI) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)


Eight compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum.Five compounds were isolated from the Polygonatum genus for the first time and their structures were identified as 9,19-cycloart-25-en-3β,24(R/S)-diol(1),α-glycerol palmitate(2),methyl palmitate(3),octacosanoic acid(4),(Z)-6-nonadecenoic acid(5).The antisepsis activity of compound 1 was determined for the first time.Compound 1 had a strong inhibition effect on the growth of Colletotrichum lagenarium with an inhibition rate 100% at a concentration of 10 μg/mL.Its inhibition effect corresponded to erythromycin against Bacterium prodigious growth at a concentration of 100 μg/mL.


The nature of the interaction on two different catalysts (zeolite BEA and γ-alumina) of some aromatic substrates, 1,2-methylendioxybenzene, 1,2-ethylendioxybenzene, and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, have been investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy. FT-IR data suggest that the adsorption of 1,2-methylendioxybenzene occurs through oxygen atoms and the molecule maintains the original puckered conformation, whereas the planar structure due to the absence of a fused ring in the case of 1,2-dimethoxybenzene and the twisted conformation of 1,2-ethylendioxybenzene cause an orientation of the molecules parallel to the catalyst surface, with the benzene ring directly interacting to it. The puckered conformation of MDB leads the benzene ring to be electron-deficient, then deactivated toward alkylation, such as confirmed by the obtained catalytic results, which show that MDB is totally not reactive using the investigated heterogeneous catalysts, while in the traditional homogeneous system shows a reactivity comparable to the oth...


It guides the students initially involved in research laboratory as Huai mountain study by Raman spectroscopy,preliminary study using laser,holographic gratings and near-infrared enhanced CCD detectors and other optoelectronic devices,building detection system of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy,the test to obtain Huai mountain Raman spectrum,and its first derivative,and labels peaks.


The AntNet algorithm for adaptive routing is implemented on a LAN using the TCP/IP protocol. A study is made of the relative merits of different reinforcement parameters central to the stable operation of the algorithm. The case of a constant reinforcement leads to slow but dependable performance whereas adaptive reinforcement appears to be sensitive to the window over which statistics are estimated.


The utility model relates to a compound synergistic perforating bullet, which belongs to the technical field of well drilling perforating operation perforating bullets, and aims to provide a compound perforating bullet with high energy and synergy. The technical scheme used to solve the technical problems is that the compound synergistic perforating bullet comprises a perforating bullet and a synergistic head, wherein the perforating bullet comprises a bullet case, main explosive and a drug mode shield, the center of the bullet case is equipped with a main explosive hole, the lower end of the bullet case is equipped with a booster hole, the main explosive is put in the main explosive hole, and the drug mode shield is pressured on the main explosive. The synergistic head comprises a high energy cachet and a synergistic head shield, wherein the high energy cachet with a central hole is arranged on the upper end surface of the bullet case of the perforating bullet, the synergistic head shield is arranged on the upper end of the bullet case of the perforating bullet, which leads the high energy cachet to be pressed on the perforating bullet. The compound synergistic perforating bullet is applied in drilling operation perforation. The compound synergistic perforating bullet has the beneficial effects that the main explosive and the high energy cachet are detonated at the same time in the perforating operation, thereby increasing the perforating intensity, and guaranteeing the effect of the perforating operation.


Strict limits on air emissions released by burning fuel of ships have recently been imposed in Emission Control Areas. Retrofitting ships to use Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a ship fuel is one of the methods for liner companies to comply with global regulations. Since the LNG retrofitting investment is expensive, it is likely that liner companies need a more scientific methodology to evaluate the LNG for propulsion of ships. Liner companies are particularly interested in their profits determined by the pricing decision. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper develops a mathematical model for the pricing problem with the consideration of market competition, LNG investment, and price elasticity. We also consider several realistic factors, such as the demand sensitivity for LNG effort, to make the proposed methodology meet the realistic demands when more and more liner companies need a revolutionary transformation because of the stricter regulations. Numerical experiments, including a simulated-data case, are performed to validate the proposed methodology. Some managerial insights are concluded according to the computational experiments and sensitivity analysis.


As the amount of data grows very fast inside and outside of an enterprise, it is getting important to seamlessly analyze both of them for getting total business intelligence. The data can be classified into two categories: structured and unstructured. Especially, as most of valuable business information are encoded in the unstructured text documents including Web pages in Internet, we need a specialized Text OLAP solution to perform multi-dimensional analysis on text documents in the same way as on structured relational data. Since the technologies of text mining and information retrieval are major technologies handling text data, we first review the representative works selected for demonstrating how they can be applied for Text OLAP. And then, we survey the representative works selected for demonstrating how we can associate and consolidate both unstructured text documents and structured relation data for obtaining total business intelligence. Finally, we present an architecture for a total business intelligence platform incorporating structured and unstructured data. We expect the proposed architecture, which integrates information retrieval, text mining, and information extraction technologies all together as well as relational OLAP technologies, would make an effective platform toward total business intelligence.


Insulin-mediated non-oxidative glucose metabolism is more or less identical to glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle and that is why this pathway is specifically discussed in this paper. All three major steps in non-oxidative glucose processing--glucose transport, phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis--are found to be reduced in response to insulin in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic subjects compared with controls. The insulin-signalling cascade from the insulin receptor to PI-3-K was also found to be abnormal, resulting in a severely reduced phosphorylation degree of the IRS-1 (IRS-2?)-PI-3-K complex, which can explain both reduced glucose transport and glycogen synthesis. The most pronounced finding in our studies is reduced glycogen synthase activation by insulin which is found in prediabetic subjects with normal glucose tolerance as well as in type 2 diabetics, but more severely. This defect was not reversible after treatment (normalization of blood glucose) and is therefore a candidate for the primary defect which is likely to be of genetic origin, but also could be caused by genetic imprinting, intrauterine malnutrition and social inheritance (obesity). Most of the abnormalities in non-oxidative glucose metabolism may be of secondary origin due to hyperglycemia itself or obesity. Both events may stimulate production of glucosamine, malonyl CoA and intramuscular triglyceride accumulation. These metabolites can theoretically induce most of the defects in glucose processing and furthermore impair insulin signalling. Whether the primary defect in activation of glycogen synthase is due to an abnormality in the enzyme complex itself or in the insulin signalling cascade still has to be investigated.


A new coupling method is put forward for high power LDA end-pumped large-aperture amplifiers. The LDA is inscribed on a sphere and then a duct is added adjacent to it. Three-dimensional ray-tracing program is used to simulate the features of the new coupling method. Simulation results show that when the area contraction coefficient is about 30, deposition efficiency in the gain media as high as 93.7% can be achieved; When the emitting area is not less than the aperture of the duct, uniform and top-hat distribution is obtained. When several stacks are spliced to make an inscribing area, amplifiers with larger aperture can be end pumped. When stacks in LDA is placed as m×n(m≠n) arrays, uniform and top-hat distribution is also obtained. In the LDA coupling experiment, the output is top-hat distributed at the end of the duct and the coupling efficiency is 85.4%.


The purpose of this study was to create knowledge and obtain an understanding of the importance of the staff's attitude and their way of meeting the emotional needs of the children who were living ...


This letter from William Bliss Carman to Ethelwyn Wetherald in 1897, includes a photo of Carman with Miss M. B. Stevenson from the year 1927. Carman, originally from Canada, had great success as


Water extraction and ethanol precipitation was used to isolate polysaccharides from Scurrula parasitica leaf. Optimum extraction and isolation conditions for polysaccharides from S.parasitica were established according to one-factor and orthogonal experimentation. Orthogonal experimentation of L9 (34) four factors,three levels was designed to study the impact of the water extraction four main factors-solid∶liquid ratio,extraction time,extraction temperature,extraction of the number,and impact of the ethanol precipitation three main factors-ethanol concentration,standing time,in multiples of enrichment. The optimal conditions of extraction and ethanol precipitation were determined according to the variance analysis results. The results showed that extraction time and ethanol concentration markedly affected the polysaccharides yield. The best extraction conditions of S.parasitica polysaccharides are extraction 3 times,extraction temperature 95 ℃,solid∶liquid ratio of 1∶25,extraction time 2 h,concentration multiple of 1 times,concentration of 80% ethanol,holding time 24 h.