A new technique for use in finite element models of devices which move is proposed. Independent meshes are coupled together at a suitable interface, such as the air gap of a conventional electrical machine using Lagrange multipliers. Introduction Many electrical devices include parts which can move relative to the others. Examples of this include routing electrical machines and linear actuators. A represenutive machine is shown in Fig. I . This class of device can be troublesome to model using finite elements. Often a simulation of such a machine requires modelling many different rotor positions. Several different approaches are described in the literature, as follows: Several different models can be meshed and used in turn. This is not very satisfactory, it is expensive to produce many meshes and difficult to generalise the method. Local remeshing is also possible, the program could move the rotor, reuining the same mesh topology as long as is practical, and then re-m esh, joining 'nearest nodes' on the moving interface (Fig. 2). This can produce distorted elements and loss of accuracy. It is possible to avoid meshing the moving interface by coupling finite element meshes together using a boundary element technique, or, of course, by modelling the entire problem using an integral technique. Unfortunately, integral techniques are not well known for high accuracy in narrow air gap situations. The airgap can be modelled using a Fourier technique and then coupled to both rotor and stator (1). This is applicable to some electrical machines. In this contribution we propose a fairly general technique for solving this problem, using independent finite element meshes which are free to translate and rotate and which are coupled together using Lagrange multipliers. This allows a finite element mesh to move with respect to an adjacent mesh without any need for remeshing. At different positions, only the terms which couple the meshes together at the interface are altered. In this contribution only the problem of producing many different magnetostatic solutions or 'snapshots' cf the rotor at different instants in time is addressed. The more interesting problem of treating velocity induced eddy currents in a time transient situation should be possible by extending the basic techniques outlined here. Only two dimensional representations are discussed although it is thought that it should be possible to use the method in 3D problems. A A A Figure 1 A switched reluctance motor (3J Theory Fig. 3 shows a typical problem. The outer region s represents a stationary member such as a machine stator. Region r is a machine rotor. The circular surface T , extends round the airgap of the machine. In 2D fields are often modelled using one component of A, the magnetic vector potential. A can be determined by solving: 1 c u r l c u r l A J (1) F


Abstract A series of asymmetric semicarbazides was synthesized by reactions of 2‐benzofuran isocyanate, which was prepared by Curtius rearrangement from 2‐benzofuroyl azide with acid hydrazide under microwave irradiation using a one‐pot procedure. Comparing to the conventional method, this method has the advantages of mild conditions, easy handling, and high yield.


The Inclusive Educational Policy of Maldives (Ministry of Education, 2013), declares that all students should be given equal educational opportunities regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional or other conditions. The aim of this study was to find out what teachers believe, perceive, and feel about their schools' readiness for inclusive education, with regard to the school leadership, school climate, curriculum instructions, individual student support, and teachers' knowledge, skills and attitudes. The secondary purpose was to investigate the main challenges that deter inclusivity in the four government schools of Hithadhoo, Addu. A mixed approach with survey and focus group interview methods were used in the study. A total of 153 teachers participated in the survey and 10 teachers were in the focus group sessions. The findings revealed that in general, teachers had a positive view towards all the readiness factors related to inclusive education. However, the results indicated substantial challenges that may impede successful implementation of inclusive education. These challenges include lack of knowledge and skills on inclusive education, lack of facilities, lack of awareness among all stakeholders, curriculum difficulties, and time restrictions.


This article deals with the processing of already classified satellite images according to land use in order to remove ambiguities, i.e. mistakes in labels. Those images have already been classified with the maximum likehood method but some classes are not correctly determined. For the elimination of ambiguities in this kind of class, the authors applied their method of determination of land use mixture in pixels. They first briefly review their method of determination of land use mixture. Then they explain how they deal with ambiguities in labels of the maximum likehood classification. They finish with three examples of satellite images that have not correctly been classified. The first one is the vineyard case. Another example for bare soil and urban zone. The last one is a forestry survey application, the determination of the planted pines density.


In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of 27 field tests carried out on different piles driven in various parts of Iraq. This evaluation is made in terms of the pile bearing capacity of each pile, using nine methods. These methods are (Davison offset limit, Chin konder, Brinch Hansen 80%, Brinch Hansen 90%, De court, De Beer, Vander Veen, Fuller&Hoy and Butler&Hoy). The evaluation has shown that De Beer, Chin kondeer, and Vanderveen methods are the best methods because the maximum bearing capacity obtained by these methods is associated with a low pile settlement, although Vander Veen method is time-consuming. Fuller&Hoy and Davison methods are very close and give good results, the maximum bearing capacity obtained by these two methods give high pile settlement, leading to structure failure, especially for structures subjected to loading and unloading. Brinch Hansen 90% and Butler&Hoy methods are suitable methods because they give a good and acceptable bearing capacity with very small pile settlement. As for Brinch Hansen 80% and De Beer methods, they provide high bearing capacity than the failure load. They can be used by multiplying the resulting values by 0.85 to get the maximum bearing capacity of the pile. The study shows that the ratio of 10% after comparing it with results is a bit exaggerating, and 4% of pile diameter can be used as a criterion to find the ultimate load.


Glow discharge optical spectroscopy (GDOS) is an analytical technique whereby neutral sample atoms are sputtered into a glow discharge, excited by inelastic electron collisions, and decay emitting a characteristic luminescence which is monitored. We have shown that GDOS is capable of quantitative elemental analysis of microvolume solid samples and exhibits no evidence of ''matrix effects''. The sensitivity of GDOS for several different metallic and semiconducting elements has been determined and the variation in sensitivity for the elements studied is in the range of one order of magnitude. The present minimum detectable concentrations range from approximately 0.1 to 50 ppm for sputtering rates of 2 μg/sec and the possibility of reducing these detection limits seems quite good. Precipitated alloy samples studied by GDOS were found to exhibit radical changes in surface topography after short periods of sputtering. The precipitates sputtered slower than the bulk and formed protrusions above the sample surfa...


A theoretical and an experimental investigation was made on the vibration of three machined circular cylindrical shells under external water pressure. The theoretical investigation was based on the finite element method, where the shell was modelled by a truncated thin-walled conical shell element and the surrounding fluid by an annular element which had a cross-section in the form of an eight-node isoparametric quadrilateral. Comparison between theory and experiment was good and showed that the resonant frequencies decreased with an increase in the externally applied water pressure.


A roller clutch in which the active portions of the energizing springs extend outside of an along the side rails of the clutch cage, and are thereby maximized working length, and protected and guided by the side rails during clutch operation.


In this paper, a holonomic motion robot is proposed that can move in any direction on a plain surface which can be controlled by using a GSM or CDMA mobile phone where the medium of communication is DTMF tones. The paper is about the holonomic motion robot that can revolutionize the transport system of the robots and the way we operate it by a small embedded system device. The robot is an Omni-directional robot which can be manoeuvred by a cell phone and can be used as a compact, quiet, mobile, and durable transport vehicle in cramped environments and in loading and unloading stations which is the main intention of the paper. The main focus was laid on the type of movement the robot makes on the spot and its control using a cell phone.


Background: We aimed to reveal the effect of time from admission to endoscopy on clinical outcomes such as mortality, rebleeding, and prolonged hospitalization among patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding were enrolled in the study. Those who had variceal bleeding during endoscopy, those whose hospital stay was shorter than 24 hours, those who did not undergo endoscopy, and those who underwent endoscopy after 24 hours were excluded from the study. Clinical findings, routine laboratory test results, and imaging findings of the patients were retrospectively reviewed through the hospital's records system.
Result: A total of 252 patients were enrolled in the study. At admission, 30.2% (76) of patients were at clinically high risk of death or rebleeding, 71.8% had melena, and 51.2% had hematemesis. While 72 (28.6%) of the patients had high-risk endoscopic stigmata, 89 (35.3%) had low-risk endoscopic stigmata. The median hospital stay was 6 (1-91) days. In-hospital mortality occurred in 8 (3.2%) cases, rebleeding developed in 16 (6.3%) cases, endoscopic intervention was required in 103 (40.9%) cases, and prolonged hospital stay was required in 43 (17.1%) cases. High-risk endoscopic stigmata were identified in 63 (34.1%) cases in the urgent group and in 9 (13.4%) in the early group (p=0.001). Endoscopic intervention was required in 47.0% cases in the urgent group, while the incidence was 23.9% in the early group (p=0.001).
Conclusion: While no significant difference was found between the urgent and early groups in terms of mortality and re-bleeding, the need for endoscopic intervention and the incidence of high-risk endoscopic stigmata were found to be significantly higher in the urgent group.


Radio continuum flux densities, far infrared flux densities, far infrared colors, and ultraviolet and optical spectra indicate that high rates of star formation are occurring in some SO galaxies, especially barred galaxies. Radio continuum and infrared images show that the star forming region is typically concentrated within the central few kpc of the galaxy. The high incidence of central star formation in barred galaxies suggests that bar-driven inflow of gas is fueling the star-forming regions in these galaxies.


A vector-valued Riemann-Stieltjes integral of a real-valued function with respect to a Banach valued function is defined.Then the basic properties of Riemann-Stieltjes integral are discussed.Some sufficent and necessary conditions of Riemann-Stieltjes integrable are given.Finally,the convergence theorem are obtained.


The invention relates to a method for preparing carbon nanotube/tin dioxide composite electrode for processing organic waste water without chloride ions by electrocatalysis oxidation technique, adopting precipitation process to effectively combine high-specific surface, high-conductivity carbon nanotube with high-catalytic activity tin dioxide, and preparing carbon nanotube/tin dioxide composite electrode material by high temperature treatment; then mixing the material with Teflon latex adhesive in a certain proportion, and shaping by cold pressing, where one side of the pressed piece is sealed and fixed and a lead wire is lead out from this side, thus becoming a finished product. And the invention is applied to processing organic waste water, and has high degradation ratio of organic matters in the waste water without chloride ions.


A nonequilibrium-reaction model is developed to predict the flue gas composition of an incinerator for solid waste combustion and gasification. The model may also be effectively utilized to predict the composition of exit gas from the primary chamber of an incinerator where invariably substoichiometric combustion conditions exist. The model assumes that the drying and pyrolysis of waste occurs in sequence followed by combustion of devolatilized gas and residue separately. The model is applied to the combustion of pine wood, and the flue gas compositions are computed as a function of operating parameters such as temperature (1,100 to 1,500 K), initial moisture content (0 to 40 percent), and percentage excess air (up to 100 percent). The model is extended to include substoichiometric combustion (to simulate the gasification process without steam injection) to compare its predictions with the available experimental data. The general agreement of theory and experiment is good. 8 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.


A deflection yoke for an image-orthicon was built entirely from printed circuits and operated in a television camera. With the exception of resistance (which for the printed circuit model was much higher) the parameters of a conventional wire-wound yoke were quite readily reproduced, including inductances per coil of as much as 16 millihenries. The use of wider conductors, improved drafting techniques and allowances for undercutting will reduce the resistance to an acceptable value. Furthermore, reasonable care in etching should provide good yield from the printed material, correlation between calculated and measured values, and close tolerances on electrical characteristics. While the experimental work reported here was rather limited in scope, experience with printed coils in other sections of RCA indicate that tolerances of better than 1 per cent inductance and 10 per cent resistance can be realized.


The book starts with an introductory exploration on how writers use computers; gives a definition of Born-digital Literary Archives, provides a few examples from the international panorama and carries out a mapping of digital archives in Italy with a particular focus on Franco Fortini's Archive held at the University of Siena. The volume offers a summary of the first Italian project devoted to the Italian born-digital literary archives, PAD - Pavia Digital Archives, by analysing the process of acquisition and management of the materials, now kept at the Centro Manoscritti in Pavia. Finally a critical analysis of Francesco Pecoraro's first three works is offered through an examination of his digital archive in Pavia.


Neisseria Chemically Defined Medium (NCDM) has been used routinely in our laboratory for a variety of purposes. The present report describes the development of NCDM agar, wherein the NCDM base is sterilized by filtration and defined supplements and agar are added. The medium is transparent and both meningococci and gonococci grow within 72 h. When grown on NCDM agar, Types 2 and 3 gonococcal colonies tend to revert to Type 1. The serological grouping of meningococci with specific antisera is not affected by growth on this medium.Parallel investigations on the growth of these species in liquid NCDM demonstrated that the yield of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is enhanced when the medium is sterilized by filtration.


David HollandersThe UK should not look to the Dutch when thinking about how to improve pension policy, argues David Hollanders. Suboptimal governance, high costs and decreasing benefits has characterised the Dutch system of late. Nevertheless, the Dutch system serves as a good example for why collective action is a necessary antidote against deregulated financial institutions.


We studied the colonization patterns of oribatid mites on post-industrial sand and manganese tailing sites, reclaimed areas, natural meadows and forests in the Chiatura region. A total of 89 species were recorded. In forests, the total number of species was high and the oribatid community was made up mainly of forest-specific species. Scheloribates laevigatus (Koch, 1835) predominated in dumps and reclaimed sites, whereas its abundance was lower in meadows and minor in forests. Tectocepheus velatus sarekensis Tragardh, 1910 and Scheloribates latipes (Koch, 1844) were numerous in dumps and meadows, but their abundance was low in forests. Punctoribates punctum (Koch, 1839), however, was found in high densities only at dump sites. Detrended correspondence analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses show that oribatid mites of dump habitats grouped together with those of reclaimed and meadow sites, indicating high faunal similarity and low richness, whereas the forest inhabiting oribatid community was much more diverse. The results of our studies indicate that colonization of dumps is mainly by species of wide ecological preferences.


Innovative miniature cone penetration tests and subsequent cyclic triaxial tests were carried out on sand specimens containing fines both in the undrained conditions. It has been found that one unique curve relating cone resistance and liquefaction strength can be established, irrespective of relative density and fines content. This indicates that liquefaction strength corresponding to a given cone resistance is constant despite the difference in fines content, which differs from the current liquefaction evaluation practice. In order to examine the effect of sustained consolidation on the relationship between penetration resistance and liquefaction strength, samples were consolidated for variable lengths of time up to a week. The results from the tests on the sustained consolidation specimens plotted a little shifted above the unique curve obtained from thetests on the normal consolidation specimens. This may indicate that, if in situ consolidation effect is considered, liquefaction strength for the same cone resistance tends to increase with increasing fines content.


The invention relates to an application device (V) for applying a delivery device to a component (T), preferably for the application of a resist on a motor vehicle body part (T), comprising: at least one printhead (100, 101)) for the preferably serially applying the delivery device and mounting on an application robot (R), and at least two rows of nozzles (1, 2) which are by the application robot (R) is movable, wherein the at least two rows of nozzles (1, 2) a first row of nozzles (1) with several nozzles (1.1) means for outputting application beams (S1) and at least one further row of nozzles (2) with a plurality of nozzles (2.1) for dispensing the application medium jets (S2) include. The application device (V) is in particular characterized in that at least one row of nozzles (1, 2) of the at least two rows of nozzles (1, 2) is movable for adjusting positions of the nozzles (1.1) of the first nozzle row (1) and the nozzles (2.1) the at least one further row of nozzles (2).


Speech delivered by Nicolas Avellaneda, minister of Public Education, at the occasion of the installation of an astronomical observatory at Cordoba


This essay explores the fear of secession in two different context: the exit of a member State from EU and the secession of a territorially concentrated group from a member State of the EU. The case of the recent Brexit and the crisis in Catalonia are taken as case studies to comprehend theoretically which secession could «constitute» EU as a Federation. In the second part, I exemplify how from the international perspective secession can be considered as an «ultimate right» and that if one can talk of such a thing as legality when referring to secession that can be done only in the sense of a liminal legality: a legality that reside in the border area between the internal and the international legal order. In the last part of the essay, I shall try to use Catalonia as test to evaluate both the opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo and the famous Reference of the Canadian Supreme Court on Quebec. In the conclusion of the essay, I will also verify if Catalonia can be read through the lens of the Just-Cause Theories of Secession.


A judicious modification of the buried interface can enhance the quality of perovskite films and reduce non‐radiative recombination losses, particularly in MA‐free perovskite solar cells. In this study, we employed the ionic liquid 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium methanesulfonate (DMIMMeSO4), characterized by its high ionic conductivity and excellent thermal stability, to regulate the perovskite/SnO2 interface. The nitrogen component in DMIMMeSO4 can interact with Sn4+ through lewis acid‐base interactions, effectively passivating defects associated with tin and suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies, leading to reduced non‐radiative recombination of charge carriers. Besides, [MeSO4]− can also form coordination bonds with PbI2, creating a better perovskite film with smoothed interface. Moreover, DMIMMeSO4 also optimize the energy level alignment, thereby reducing the charge transfer barrier and enhancing charge extraction efficiency. As a result, Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.91% was achieved by MA‐free perovskite solar cells modified with DMIMMeSO4. Furthermore, after 1000 hours of ambient air storage, devices that were not encapsulated maintained over 90% efficiency. All of these results clearly indicate that interface modulation based on ionic liquid assisted smoothed‐interface engineering is an effective approach for obtaining high‐performance perovskite solar cells.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective: To report a case of primary neurosarcoid presenting with Foster Kennedy syndrome and diabetes insipidus.
 Background: Sarcoid is a multi-system inflammatory disease of unknown cause. Involvement of solely the nervous system, known as primary neurosarcoid, is a rare form of the disease. Imaging and CSF studies may be supportive, but diagnosis usually requires a biopsy. We report an unusual case of primary neurosarcoid presenting with Foster Kennedy syndrome and diabetes insipidus.
 Methods: Case Report
 Results: A 58-year-old-woman presented with painless visual loss in her left eye over several days preceded by several months of increased thirst. Exam revealed left optic nerve pallor and right optic nerve papilledema, consistent with Foster-Kennedy syndrome. MRI demonstrated an extensive homogenously enhancing infundibular process involving the optic chiasm, pituitary, and hypothalamus with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the basal ganglia and surrounding subcortical white matter. Her serum sodium was 147 mmol/L with a urine osmolality of 276 mOsm/kg of water, consistent with diabetes insipidus. CSF studies demonstrated a glucose of 53 mg/dL, protein of 102.6 mg/dL, 155 WBC/L with 80[percnt] lymphocytes, and negative cultures. Serum and CSF angiotensin converting enzyme levels were normal. A whole body PET/CT did not reveal evidence of any extracranial disease. The patient underwent a transphenoindal biopsy of the affected leptomeninges and pituitary stalk, which revealed non-caseating granulomas consistent with neurosarcoid. Her vision improved substantially with high dose methylprednisolone, however attempts to wean steroids in the outpatient setting led to multiple relapses. She was ultimately treated with infliximab with stabilization of her visual acuity and no further relapses.
 Conclusions: Our case highlights an unusual case of primary neurosarcoid with an aggressive infiltrative lesion involving the left optic nerve, optic chiasm, and infindibulum presenting as Foster-Kennedy syndrome and diabetes inspidus. Disclosure: Dr. Ho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brizzi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Meredith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Laws has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berkowitz has received royalty payments from Clinical Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple and The Improvising Mind.


The construction of low-carbon community is a specific embodiment of the scientific outlook on development into practice.Exploratory researches should be made in terms of the site selection for the community,the low-carbon housing residences designing,the construction of scientific green belts beneficial to increasing carbon sinks and reducing carbon emissions,the development of low-carbon consciousness of community residents,the consciously practicing in low-carbon living style,and the encouragement from the government,etc.Great efforts should be made to establish the working mechanism involving "government-promoting,market regulating,enterprises' emission reducing,and the residents' participating" so that the construction of low-carbon community will become self-conscious actions.


Both the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the vehicle physicochemical characteristics are retained to be the main features responsible for favorable topical bioavailability. [...]


The mesoporous polycarbonate-silica nanocomposite materials were synthesized through the modified sol-gel approach under acidic condition. The specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of polycarbonate-silica could be controlled by changing the acidity of the synthesis system. The polycarbonate-silica possess an irregular block morphology according to the scanning electron microscopy observations. With decreasing the pH value of the synthesis system, the specific surface area and pore diameter of polycarbonate-silica were raised but the pore volume was reduced. The maximum specific surface area of polycarbonate-silica was 701.71m2/g which presented by the results of Nitrogen adsorptiondesorption isotherms.


Attempts have been made to look for the soliton content in the exact solutions of certain types of nonlinear diffusion-reaction (D-R) equations which involve not only the quadratic and quartic nonlinearities but also a nonlinear Convective flux term. Such equations may arise in a variety of contexts in physical problems. In particular, the kink and antikink shaped soliton solutions are found. It is noticed that in mathematical terms a parallel D-R equation with cubic nonlinearity and a constant-velocity-convective term can take over the effects of both quadratic and cubic nonlinearities in the convective flux term in the above D-R equations.


The increase in impervious areas caused by urbanization causes the amount of surface rainfall-runoff and nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant discharge to also increase. This issue has sparked a growing interest in low impact development (LID) technology and NPS reduction technology. The objective of this study is to analyze the ability of a hybrid system to achieve both rainfall-runoff and NPS pollutant reduction simultaneously. The results indicate that this system is effective in reducing particulate matter with a relatively small particle size (less than 64 μm), which plays an important role in reducing NPS pollution. It is expected that a LID-based urban water cycle recovery policy could be established through further research on various hybrid system configuration methods and socioeconomic effect analysis.


Servo mechanical press can not only achieve flexibility and intelligence,but also greatly improve product quality and increase productive efficiency.Several kinds of stamping process are optimized,the opening program is constructed and library of stamping process is discussed in this paper based on the 4000kN servo mechanical press with high flexible motion characteristics.


Direct oxidation of benzene to phenol in liquid phase by H2O2 peroxide was examined over Ti/ LUS-1 catalyst in methanol and acetic acid as solvents. The maximum yield and selectivity of the phenol produced was obtained in the presence of acetic acid. It can be attributed to the stabilization of H2O2 as peroxy acetic acid species in the radical mechanism for this reaction. Acetic acid interacts with hydrogen peroxide over Ti/LUS-1 and produces acetoxy radicals.


The spontaneously produced salt gland secretion (SGS) and tears of the domestic duck, Anas platyrhynchos, were analyzed for sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) (Cl in SGS only). Acclimation to seawater did not enhance the concentrating ability of the salt glands. The NaCl concentration exceeded that of seawater by only a small margin. The tears of saline-acclimated birds contained less Na and more K than birds drinking water with low NaCl content. Salt stress significantly increased the weight of the salt glands and of the Harderian glands; the lacrymal glands were not affected. An estimation of the relative possible contribution of the cloacal fluid, SGS, and tears to cation excretion was made.


Heterosis is defined as greater biomass, fertility or other traits in heterozygotes, polyploids or hybrids compared to their genetically divergent (often homozygous) parents. Heterosis was noticed by various civilizations and scientifically reported by Darwin himself. Despite the importance of heterosis' its molecular bases are still enigmatic. Several genetic models have been proposed but fail to give mechanistic insights. Here we show how dominant negative interactions might give rise to heterotic responses. We also explore a biochemical model of gene dosage effects in macromolecular complexes in a similar context. With the help of heuristic examples and computer simulations we find that heterotic individuals display higher allelic diversity and smaller average multimer concentrations than nonheterotic ones. As intuitively expected' the existence of heterosis involving multimeric complexes arises when the inbred parents have on average smaller genetic values than the maximum possible. Despite its simplicity' the dosage model accounts for the puzzling phenomenon of "progressive heterosis" in which polyploids with increasing genetic diversity exhibit progressively greater heterosis.—Veitia, R. A., Vaiman' D. Exploring the mechanistic bases of heterosis from the perspective of macromolecular complexes. FASEB J. 25, 476–482 (2011). www.fasebj.org


A novel spinel doped TiO₂ photocatalyst was prepared and evaluated its photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The Congo red removal efficiency for various catalysts prepared in this research was shown as MgFe-TiO₂>Mg-TiO₂>Fe-TiO₂>MgFe. In order to obtain the optimized spinel doped TiO₂ photocatalyst for congo red removal, the composition ratio of TiO₂/Mg/Fe was evaluated using mixture analysis design. Increasing the percentage of MgFe doping over TiO₂ particles, the band gap between conduct band and valance band decreases, as a result showing better photocatalytic activity in visible light. Without TiO₂ in the composite, there was very low photocatalytic activity to remove CR, this can be explained that hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions from TiO₂ has much stronger photocatalytic activity than oxides from Mg and/or Fe. Regression analysis on analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed high coefficients for determination value (R²=0.9948). The optimized composition ratio was calculated as TiO₂ 55.41mM, Mg 0.0303mM, Fe 0.01429mM. Therefore, mixture analysis model in this research can be used for evaluating the optimal composition ratio of TiO₂/Mg/Fe.


It was hypothesized that societies that put greater emphasis on men being rigidly committed to culturally accepted models of masculinity (nations with high Hofstede MASculinity scores) would report higher mean national levels of masculine gender role stress (MGRS) than societies that emphasize such to a clearly lesser extent (low national MAS scores). Supporting this expectation, a large country-level correlation of +.64 (p = .01) was found across 13 countries (n = 6,420) between national MAS scores and national MGRS scores. In line with previous findings, Hofstede's MAS measure was found to be conceptually distinct from Bem's measure of instrumentality. Implications for intervention and further studies are briefly pinpointed.


This paper explores the effectiveness of networking in promoting inquiry-based science education (IBSE) through raising the self-efficacy of science teachers to take ownership of more effective ways of teaching students, supported by stakeholders (Holbrook & Rannikmae, 2010). As PROFILES project (Professional Reflection Oriented Focus on Inquiry-based Learning and Education through Science) is based on 'teacher partnerships,' the project recognises the importance, not only of dissemination of developments for the benefit of science teachers across Europe and even worldwide, but also the need for interaction through a well-researched and effective networking system at the school, local, national and European/worldwide levels. The theoretical and practical approach of PROFILES networking is presented, including examples from Austria, Latvia and Romania. Research (evaluative) findings show that networking can operate at the school, local, regional and national levels and that networking is able to play an important role in the functioning of PROFILES. Evaluative findings show that networks offer goal-oriented exchange processes among teachers which support the professional development of teachers. Networking has the potential to create a culture of trust and supports self-efficacy and teacher ownership. Hence, networking is playing a significant role in the functioning of PROFILES in the presented countries.


Using the self-consistent steady-state 2-D Kinetic Plasma Solver (KIPS-2D), thorough characterizations are performed of high-voltage cylindrical sheaths surrounding ion-attracting conductive cylinders immersed in stationary as well as flowing collisionless plasmas. Analytical fits are obtained that allow for the accurate prediction of stationary sheath sizes for round-cylinder radii anywhere from one thousandth of a Debye length to five Debye lengths and for any bias potential beyond a small lower bound. Plasma flow is shown to progressively compress the sheath on its ram and lateral sides, down to a limit that closely matches the stationary frozen-ion sheath radius. Conversely, plasma flow is shown to cause a significant wake-side elongation of the sheath. The quasi-elliptical sheath-edge contours observed under flowing conditions can be characterized by their along-flow and across-flow dimensions. By normalizing these dimensions against stationary-sheath diameters, contour plots of the corresponding flow-effect correction factors can be obtained that account for plasma-flow velocity effects in a wide range of speed regimes and bias potentials. In this paper, Mach numbers up to ten and bias potentials from -10Te to -500Te (where Te is the electron temperature in units of volts) are simulated and corresponding correction factors are computed, although KiPS is capable of simulating even higher speeds and bias potentials. These correction factors appear to stabilize at high voltages, suggesting that their values at the highest simulated potential bias possibly can be used with reasonable accuracy to predict performance at even higher (but nonrelativistic) bias-potential values using analytical equations derived from stationary simulations. For example, at a Mach number of 1.1, the along-flow and across-flow sheath dimensions at high voltages are expected to be around 115% and 85% of the stationary-sheath diameter, respectively. Flow-effect correction factors for current collection are also obtained for the ram-side, wake-side, and total collected current. For the same plasma-velocity example, at high voltages, total current collection is minimized to about half of the stationary value, which would translate into a 50% reduction in power to collect the current. This example is of significance for Earth-radiation-belt remediation-system concepts using high-voltage tethers


The BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) can provide PPP-B2b satellite-based Precise Point Positioning (PPP) real-time service to the Asia–Pacific region via PPP-B2b signal transmitted from the three Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the accuracies of the satellite's precise real-time orbit and clock products, including BDS-3 PPP-B2b precise products and the precise real-time products provided by four IGS centers (CAS, DLR, GFZ, and WHU). In addition, the influences of these real-time precise satellite products on the PPP positioning accuracy with single-frequency and dual-frequencies are also studied. Furthermore, the accuracies of broadcast ephemeris and IGS ultra-rapid products are studied, as well as their impact on PPP accuracies. Results illustrate that the orbits accuracies of PPP-B2b orbits are 9.42 cm, 21.26 cm, and 28.65 cm in the radial, along-track, and cross-track components, which are slightly lower than those of real-time orbits provided by the four IGS centers. However, the accuracy of PPP-B2b clock biases is 0.18 ns, which is higher than those provided by IGS Real-Time Service (RTS). In the static positioning test, the 3D positioning accuracy of B1I+B3I dual-frequencies PPP and B1C single-frequency PPP are centimeter-level while using PPP-B2b service, which is slightly lower in horizontal components compared to those obtained based on IGS RTS products. The results of the dynamic vehicle test indicate that the positioning accuracies of B1I+B2b dual-frequency PPP are about 50 cm and 120 cm in horizontal and vertical components, which are close to those of B2b single-frequency PPP using PPP-B2b service. Generally, the PPP-B2b orbit and clock accuracies on real-time PPP present similar performance to that based on IGS RTS.


Bifurcation phenomena of air distribution often occur in the room with symmetrical supply vents and mechanical ventilation system,and has influence on the velocity and temperature fields of room.With the help of numerical simulation,it is found that bifurcation air distribution occurs in face to face planeshoot not in centralized shoot,through which it shows that Coanda effect is the main mechanism of bifurcation.Finally,the main parameters affected bifurcation were analyzed simply.


A 76-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with a 6-month history of fever, night sweats and fatigue, most marked in the previous 3 months. She had a history of Addison disease diagnosed 30 years previously, which was treated with corticosteroid replacement with prednisone 5 mg and fludrocortisone 0.2 mg daily with appropriate adherence to her treatment. At the evaluation, the patient had hyperpigmented skin and a giant umbilical hernia with no other relevant findings. She had a blood pressure 80/60 mmHg, 44 b.p.m. and peripheral oxygen saturation of 94%. Relevant biochemical data were glucose 2.94 mmol/L, sodium 134 mmol/L, potassium 3.1 mmol/L, blood count with haemoglobin 9.5 g/dL, leucocytes 6.2 10/L, neutrophils 5.6 10/L, lymphocytes 0.32 10/L, monocytes 0.17 10/L, platelets 29 10/L and cortisol 85.5 nmol/L. She was treated as an adrenal insufficiency crisis with hydrocortisone substitution doses, without improvement; thus, imaging studies were requested. Computed tomography (CT) scan was reported as showing fibrosis and calcification of the adrenal gland and enlarged heterogeneous spleen with multiple hypodense diffuse lesions (Fig. 1A). Bone marrow total cell differential was normal.


The Christian social worker, must allow creativity to emerge through tradition. Continuing with "business as usual" is not effective. Taking the initiative to utilize traditional concepts and enhance them to fit the changing landscape of service delivery, will allow for better therapeutic outcomes; and better outcomes provide for more sustainable programs. This paper will review many traditional methods of engagement, as well as offer additional strategies that may be utilized to insure active participation from key stakeholders and clients. Engagement is key to obtaining buy-in and buy-in is necessary to achieving favorable outcomes. Social workers will be encouraged to "think outside of the box" and allow their faith and conscience to address the needs of those that they serve, fulfill the mission of their agency, while maintaining appropriate ethical boundaries. Our presence as service providers is not enough to make a difference. Compassion must meet our service in tangible ways that engage our clientele in treatment; create therapeutic alliances and increase the sustainability of effective programs. Historically, grass roots Christian social workers have been the extension of Christ's hands in the community. The profession has worked very diligently towards professionalizing the field and improving the quality of service. We as Christians while maintaining our professionalism must also be attentive in retaining what has always been the foundation of our service. Our communities are facing great economic challenges. Public Mental health recipients have grown exponentially, as a result of our country's economic recession. Funding sources are leaning towards wanting better outcomes for fewer dollars. Our federal government faces a national debt of over 14 trillion dollars. State and county governments are working judiciously to balance their budgets. As a result, practitioners, have to do more with less. Decisions on whether to spend public money and on how to spend it are ideally based on criteria related to economic efficiency, ethics and political considerations (e.g. demand by the populace). (Musgrove, 1999). Mental health providers, must ask themselves, how can they improve services and retain funding for programs that are essential. This indeed is not just an obstacle for the programs, but for the individual clinicians as well, as they are the ones that are charged with engaging consumers in treatment. The primary focus of these strategies are in a therapeutic setting. However, these strategies are generalizable to other areas of treatment, such as case management, social services, juvenile justice, or the school setting. As Christian social workers, we are to be reminded that we fulfill two roles, that of a helper and as a disciple of Jesus Christ. This has been a longstanding quandary for those that have come before us and it still exists. Christian social workers must be ethical in balancing both roles, yet strategic in


A method of realizing an underwater acoustic lens that forms an image with no aberration of an object lying at infinity in a given direction is described. The lens is nearly spherically symmetric so that the aberrations for objects off this axis are small. It makes use of two existing materials of uniform acoustic velocity as the lens media. The equations governing the structure of such a lens and some results of their solution are given.


Compliance rate towards consumption of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) is low among geriatric patients. Thus, this study aimed to examine factors affecting low compliance of ONS intake among a sample of geriatric patients. A cross-sectional survey was carried out involving 30 geriatric patients being prescribed with ONS during their stay in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Information on compliance rate and influencing factors were collected through interview and observation.  Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometry and Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA).  50.0% subjects were underweight and 70.0% and 30.0% were moderate and severely malnourishe d, respectively . A total of 43.3% were categorised as low, 53.4% medium and 3.3% high compliance towards consumption of ONS. Most of the subjects with low compliance agreed expressed that they need more nursing support (53.8%). Less than half perceived they had been given the needed nursing support (44.4%), and with respect to ONS: knowledgeable (38.5%), timely given (37.5%), understood the importance (35.7%), were able to finish it (35.0%), well-aware of the reasons of prescription (33.3%), satisfied with its taste (33.3%), received suitable volume (33.3%), satisfied with the texture (31.6%), and received suitable frequency (28.6%). In conclusion, approximately 40% of subjects had low compliance towards ONS. Awareness and nursing support were important factors associated with low compliance . There is a need to ensure adequate n ursing support and education been given to patients prescribed with ONS in order to increase the compliance rate. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2019-1701-15


The study determined the effects of mentoring enhanced strategy on secondary school students' self-regulation (SR) in physics in education zone 'C' of Benue State, Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions while two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was the quasi-experimental, non-randomized, pre-test and post-test control groups. The population of the study consisted of 4,064 SS Two physics students in the 94 schools in Education Zone C. The sample comprised 406 SS Two physics students drawn from 10 schools using multi-stage sampling technique. The research instrument adapted and used for data collection was Students' Self-Regulation Scale (SSRS). The research instruments was subjected to a reliability analysis using Cronbach's Alpha Formula which yielded a reliability co-efficient of 0.85. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while inferential statistics of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that students who were exposed to mentoring exhibited higher self-regulation levels (P = 0.007 ˂ 0.05) than those students who were not exposed to mentoring. There was no significant difference between male and female students' self-regulation level (P = 0.036 ˃ 0.05). Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that the use of mentoring enhanced strategy should be encouraged and used in physics instruction in secondary schools.


Over the last decade a huge effort has been done by the research community to become a reality the integration and automation of enterprise business processes. In parallel, the big companies have improved their business by introducing those innovative e-commerce ideas to their business processes and are, now, demanding, a more collaborative scenario where their interorganizational processes and outside-organizational process work together providing an external collaborative business model to the outside.


To derive the critical density for exposure-path prevention in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks (3D WSNs), a bond-percolation-based scheme is proposed, which can generate the tighter lower and upper bounds of critical density. Firstly, the exposure-path prevention problem and system models based on Gaussian distribution are introduced in this paper. Then, according to percolation theory, we present a bond-percolation model to put this problem into a 3D uniform lattice. With this model, the lower and upper bounds of critical density for 3D WSNs are derived in the light of our scheme. Extensive simulations and contrast experiments also validate our developed models and evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. Therefore, our scheme can be applied to determine a practically reliable density and detect intruders in sensor networks.


Background: as compression or traction) during the process of birth. associated with birth trauma and to find out the most common type of birth trauma in our locality. Patients and methods: the 1st of March to the 31st of December 2006 in Al in Mosul on 240 babies aged between (0 trauma and 120 babies delivered without birth trauma for the control group). found in 0.8% of the total deliveries in our study. Trauma of cranium was the most Common type of birth trauma, of which caput succedaneum significance of any of the risk factors whether related to mothers, the babies or the labor, leads us to identify the birth trauma earlier that prompts us to urgent diagnostic and therapeutic measures to decrease the morbidity and mortality.


The purposes of this paper are to describe the newly established reference values of nutrient intakes: to apply the changed dietary reference intakes to the new text book based on the revised curriculum; and to contrive substantial contents in the domain of dietary life(foods & nutrition) of new text book, Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs) is newly established reference values of nutrient intakes that are considered necessary to maintain the health of Koreans at the optimal state and to prevent chronic diseases and overnutrition. Unlike previously used Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreas(KRDA), which presented a single reference value for intake of each nutrient, multiple values are set at levels for nutrients to reduce risk of chronic diseases and toxicity as well as prevention of nutrient deficiency, The new KDRIs include the Estimated Average Requirement(EAR), Recommended Intake(RI), Adequate Intake(AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL), The EAR is the daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of the half of the apparently healthy individuals in a target group and thus is set at the median of the distribution of requirements, The RI is set at two standard deviations above the EAR. The AI is established for nutrients for which existing body of knowledge are inadequate to establish the EAR and RI, The UL is the highest level of daily nutrient intake which is not likely to cause adverse effects for the human health, Age and gender subgroups are established in consideration of physiological characteristics and developmental stages: infancy, toddler, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. Pregnancy and lactation periods were considered separately and gender is divided after early childhood. Reference heights and weights are from the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy. The practical application of DRIs to the new books based on the revision in the 7th curriculum is to assess the dietary and nutrient intake as well as to plan a meal. It can be utilized to set an appropriate nutrient goal for the diet as usually eaten and to develop a plan that the individual will consume using a nutrient based food guidance system in the new books based on the revision in the 7th curriculum.


This paper develops the asymptotic theory of the least squares estimator of the autoregressive (AR) coefficient in an AR(1) regression with intercept when data is generated from a polynomial trend model in different forms. It is shown that the commonly used right-tailed unit root tests tend to favor the explosive alternative. A new procedure, which implements the right-tailed unit root tests in an AR(2) regression, is proposed. It is shown that when the data generating process has a polynomial trend, the test statistics based on the new procedure cannot find evidence of explosiveness. Whereas, when the data generating process is mildly explosive, the new procedure finds evidence of explosiveness. Hence, it enables robust bubble testing under polynomial trends. Empirical application of the proposed procedure using data from the U.S. real estate market reveals some interesting findings. In particular, all the negative bubble episodes flagged by the traditional method are no longer regarded as bubbles by the new procedure.


Jonathan Holmes, Merely players? Actors' Accounts of Performing Shakespeare (London & New York: Routledge, 2004) Colin Chambers, Inside the Royal Shakespeare Company: Creativity and Institution (London: Routledge, 2004) The title of Jonathan Holmes' new book for Routledge - Merely Players? Actors' Accounts of Performing Shakespeare - would lead one to think that they were going to read a collection of essays or memoirs written by the actors about their experiences. Indeed, the first line of the Introduction states: 'The subject of this book is actors' accounts of their experiences of playing Shakespeare' (1). A quick look at the table of contents would give the first clue that perhaps the title is misleading. The first two chapters are entitled 'Against the Grain: Shakespeare and the Problem of Character' and 'Aged Customs: Negotiating Traditions of Shakespearean Performance', which sound more like essays than biographical accounts. Then further down the page, the reader sees Chapters Three and Four: 'Noble Memories: Playing Hamlet' and 'Acting the Woman: Feminist Appropriations in Clamorous Voices' and breathes a sigh of relief, thinking perhaps the first two chapters exist to set the scene and the accounts are to be found in these final sections. So, one begins to read the Introduction, puzzled at the fact that it reads like an independent essay cut and pasted with little relevance to expectations of the book. One continues to skim through the first chapters, realising that they read very much as their titles suggest - two separate essays. 'Disconnected' and 'meandering are words that come to mind. So one quickly turns to chapters three and four hoping to finally read a (hopefully) titillating insight into the actors' world and how individuals have approached the great roles of this most famous playwright. But one is met with more of the same as in the opening chapters. One sighs in disappointment, puts the book down and reaches for Inside the Royal Shakespeare Company hoping to find those juicy insider insights one thought would be in Holmes book. However, despite the fact that much of the text is rambling - taking the reader on a circuitous journey such that when she finally arrives at the author's destination, it is not where she originally thought she was heading - she realises that if preconceptions are dispensed with and the title seems entirely misleading, the book is actually quite interesting. Like starting out on a two-hour drive to the ocean only to find oneself fifteen hours later in a desert. Instead of being upset at being lost, one remarks on the similarities between sand and water (of which there are few to none). Happy with one's new destination, one is still a bit put out that there isn't any surf. Another facet of the text is the seemingly random assignment of the chapter titles. Whole paragraphs appear as though they could belong in an entirely different chapter. For example, in his chapter on 'Negotiating Traditions of Shakespearean Performance' there is a substantial discussion on feminist discourse that would perhaps be better suited to Chapter 4 ('Acting the Woman'): The twin, pathological, dangers of mimesis and effeminacy are linked and indistinguishable, and it is when talking of women that Craig's discourse becomes almost hysterical: 'Women - beautiful, noble, and intelligent, as she often is in daily life - is a constant threat to the existence of art in the theatre.' Such a paranoid response also effectively excludes his sister, the designer and producer Edy Craig, as well as his mother. The same threatening, mimetic effeminacy can be located in Plato, from Socrates' initial prohibition of the Cronos myth, with its castration complex, through to the final linking of transvestism, madness and mimesis at the end of..... (84) And so on. Due to his fractured organisation structure, the author does not convincingly link these thoughts to the rest of Chapter Two. …


The sampling density can affact the combustor outlet temperature in aeroengine and gas turbine combustor component test.If the sampling density was not enough,the deviation degree between the measured temperature results and the real temperature would be large.The test data of three kinds of combustors were analyzed.The initial data for high sampling density were detached uniformly in circumferential,then the data for low sampling density with different sampling density were obtained,which compared with the analysis results of initial data for high sampling density.The relationship between sampling density and the deviation degree of measurement was presented,and the sampling density satisfied with the engineering research are given.


The voltammetric behaviour of antibacterial danofloxacin (DANO) and orbifloxacin (ORBX) was studied in a wide pH range from 5 to 12 using phase sensitive alternating current , cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPCASV).The adsorption behaviour of both biological compounds at the hanging mercury drop electrode was investigated in order to achieve an increase in sensitivity and a possibility of the antibacterial DANO and ORBX determination by applying the adsorptive stripping voltammetric method. Adsorptive preconcentration followed by differential pulse cathodic stripping showed one wave at -1.27 V (DANO) and -1.37 V (ORBX) being the most sensitive for analytical determination of the investigated compounds. The limits of detection of 2.93 x 10 -9 M and 5.30 x 10 -9 M , and quantitation 9.77 x 10 -9 M and 1.77 x 10 -8 M for DANO and ORBX, respectively, were achieved. The degree of interference from coexisting metal ions and some organic compounds on the DPCASV signal for DANO and ORBX was evaluated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the studied fluoroquinolones in human urine and serum, obtained from healthy volunteers, without the necessity for sample pretreatment or time-consuming extraction steps prior to the analyses.


I believe it is unrealistic for any country to achieve all eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015, the target year. Moreover, the improvement in some MDGs may work to the detriment of other MDGs.


Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association between fatty liver and obesity in patients presenting to King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective study reviewing medical records of all obese patients having a fatty liver over a one-year period between April 2003 and April 2004. The data collected included age, gender, nationality, BMI, serum level of alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) transaminases, bilirubin, albumin, HbA1C, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and TSH. The fatty liver was diagnosed by routine ultrasound when patients presented with abdominal pain or hepatomegaly. Results: 235 case files were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the study group was 46‐14.4 years with 82 males (35%) and 153 females (65%). The mean aspartate aminotransferase level was 43.9‐6.18.1units/L (NR 7-53 IU/L); alanine aminotransferase was 36.2‐5.1 units/L (NR 11-47 IU/L). A transaminase value above the normal range was present in 15 (6.4%) patients only, whereas values of cholesterol and triglyceride above normal range were seen in 17 patients (7.2%). Overweight and obesity were the main risk factors in our study group. The mean BMI was 33.6‐7.5 Kg/m 2 . Obesity with diabetes is the most important risk for a fatty liver. 78 (33%) of our patients were diabetic. Another risk factor associated with a fatty liver is the metabolic syndrome, which is reported in 14.9% and hypothyroidism in 3.8% of the subjects. Conclusion and recommendations: Overweight and obesity are the most important risk factors for fatty liver in Saudi Arabia. They are more prevalent in females. Ultrasound appears to be a useful noninvasive tool to determine liver involvement with fatty liver in obese adults even in the absence of hypertransaminasemia. We should encourage obese subjects to gradually reduce their weight in order to improve the liver abnormalities.


Pulsed laser rangefinders prove to be cost-effective and practical devices when used at distances of several tens of kilometers due to their compactness, portability and energy efficiency. However, the measurement accuracy is significantly reduced by the presence of pulsed interference affecting the input of the optical receiver both during the sensing period and when the reflected signal is being received. Using the algorithms with the accumulation and subsequent processing of the results of several successive measurements reduces the speed of decision-making and does not guarantee the convergence of the results to the real value of the distance.
The paper proposes a structural diagram of a laser rangefinder with the ability to detect pulsed interference in the range interval and correct errors that occur in the structure of the signal reflected from the target. The basis of the rangefinder circuit is a logical consistent filter, the structure of which contains multipliers (multiplication operations).
The following requirements were formulated for the structure of the probe signal:
— the first element should always be set to +1 to synchronize the receiver decider;
— the weight of the coding sequence is equal to half its length;
— the length of the coding sequence is even.
Based on the requirements for coding sequences, the optimal structures of binary probing signals of length 8 were found, providing the best corrective ability.
Comparison of the correlation properties of the found sequences and the sequences that are constructed using the Walsh functions showed the advantage of the optimal sequences by the criterion of the minimum level of the ACF side lobes.
The simulation of the rangefinder under pulsed noise conditions has shown that the logical filter is advisable to use for those cases when the duration of the obstacle does not exceed 1/3 of the duration of the probing signal.


Synopsis : The effects of two types of prestressing, i.e. partial unloading and perfect unloading, on the delayed failure strength have been investigated on various specimen configurations. The results obtained are summarized as follows : (1) Crack initiation time and 100 h delayed failure strength can be largely increased by two types o prestress methods, especially by partial unloading method, regardless of specimen thickness and notch root radius. The rate of increase of 100 h delayed failure strength by both prestress methods increases to converge to a certain value with increase of specimen thickness. (2) In order to raise the 100 h delayed failure strength by both prestressing methods, it is necessary to increase the unloading stress to a critical value, (ƒÐa)c, which increases with increase of specimen thickness and decrease of notch root radius.


[Objective] To analyze the influencial factors of pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly people and propose some measures for improving the coverage of pneumococcal vaccination. [Methods] 500 elderly people were divided into two groups according to wether they had pneumococcal vaccination.The study applied a multiple logistic model to test the influencial factors of pneumococcal vaccination. [Results] The association of pneumococcal vaccination with influenza vaccination,suffuring from respiratory system diseases,average family income,knowledge about pneumococcal vaccine and suffuring from other chronic diseases were identified in this study,but the association were not seen in terms of education,occupation and family type. [Conclusion] To improve the coverage of pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly people multiple measures are needed including wide and intensive propaganda and reducing the price of vaccination.


Setting: This study was conducted on first year medical students of Nishtter medical college to Duration: This study was started in January 2019 and completed in May 2019 comprising on total duration of 5 months. Study design: This is a cross sectional study of observational type. Materials and Methods:  Study was conducted on first year medical students. 100 students were selected via randomized controlled trials. Their blood groups were tested for being RH positive or negative. Test was conducted in the laboratory of college. Irrespective of gender studentsv were included in the study. Permission was taken from college authority and consent was taken from all students included in the study. Data collected was analyzed on SPSS version 2012. Results: 67(55.8%) cases were male students and 53(44.2%) were female students. There were 55% cases having Rh positive group and 45% were having Rh-negative antigen. It was seen that mostly female students were Rh negative antigen while mostly male students were Rh positive antigen. Conclusion: Rh positive antigen blood group was found more common among male students while Rh negative blood group was found among female students and overall Rh positive blood group was common in study group


A method for obtaining fluoromethyl 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-hexafluoroisopropyl ether (sevoflurane) practically pure from a crude sevoflurane comprises sevoflurane and 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-hexafluoroisopropanol ( HFIP), said method comprising the steps of: a) providing said crude sevoflurane; b) combining said crude sevoflurane with a sufficient amount of water to produce a multiphase mixture; c) distilling fractionally multiphase mixture; d) removing sevoflurane from the distilled multiphase mixture fractionally as an azeotrope with water, and e) separating sevoflurane substantially pure azeotrope.


Unconformities have been used as important stratigraphic surfaces to study the cyclicity of the stratigraphic record,which has become a key part of sequence stratigraphy.In the early development of sequence stratigraphy,the term sequence was defined as a stratigraphic unit bounded by unconformities and was interpreted as tectonic cycles.With further research,the concept of sequence has modified to represent depositional sequences that are bounded by unconformities and their correlative surfaces,and depositional sequences have been interpreted as the products of sea-level change.This conceptual change has brought sequence stratigraphy into the practical mainstream of stratigraphy.However,the origin of thirdorder depositional sequences has been a matter of debate.They are often related to both tectonic and eustatic influences,but the interpretation that third-order sequences are genetically related to glacioeustatic sea-level change has been questioned by many scholars.However,there has been some consensus among sequence stratigraphers:1)first-and second-order sequences are attributed to tectono-eustatic changes(mantle convection and plate tectonics),that is,long-term eustatic changes are resulted from the change of ocean-basin volume;2)fourth,fifth,and sixth orders were linked to climato-(glacio)-eustatic changes driven by Earth's orbital parameters,that is,high-frequency sea-level changes were caused by the change of sea-water volume.Recently,on the basis of further research of Earth's orbital parameters(precession,obliquity,and eccentricity)as the main driving forces on climate and sea-level changes in the last 50 million years,agood relationship between well-defined third-order depositional sequences and astronomical cycles has been established in the Meso-Cenozoic.As a result,third-order sequences are generally regarded as eustatic in origin.Furthermore,it has been proposed that 1)a close correspondence exists between the~1.2Myr obliquity modulation cycles and third-order sequences in the Cenozoic icehouse world,suggesting a causal linkage between them;2)third-order sequences in Mesozoic greenhouse seem to be related to the~2.4 Myr eccentricity modulation cycles.The resolution of the origin of third-order sequence represents an important advancement in sequence stratigraphy.


Climate change has a significant impact on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation due to the occurrence of various environmental stress parameters. It destabilizes wheat production mainly through abiotic stresses (heat waves, drought, floods, frost, salinity, and nutrient deficiency) and improved conditions for pest and disease development and infestation as biotic parameters. The impact of these parameters can be reduced by timely and appropriate management measures such as irrigation, fertilization, or pesticide application. However, this requires the early diagnosis and quantification of the various stressors. Since they induce specific physiological responses in plant cells, structures, and tissues, environmental stress parameters can be monitored by different sensing methods, taking into account that these responses affect the signal in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM), especially visible (VIS), near infrared (NIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR). This study reviews recent findings in the application of remote and proximal sensing methods for early detection and evaluation of abiotic and biotic stress parameters in crops, with an emphasis on winter wheat. The study first provides an overview of climate-change-induced stress parameters in winter wheat and their physiological responses. Second, the most promising non-invasive remote sensing methods are presented, such as airborne and satellite multispectral (VIS and NIR) and hyperspectral imaging, as well as proximal sensing methods using VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy. Third, data analysis methods using vegetation indices (VI), chemometrics, and various machine learning techniques are presented, as well as the main application areas of sensor-based analysis, namely, decision-making processes in precision agriculture.


International guidelines recommend the integration of local communities within protected areas management as a means to improve conservation efforts. However, local management plans rarely consider communities knowledge about wildlife and their traditions to promote biodiversity conservation. In the Sebitoli area of Kibale National Park, Uganda, the contact of local communities with wildlife has been strictly limited at least since the establishment of the park in 1993. The park has not develop programs, outside of touristic sites, to promote local traditions, knowledge, and beliefs in order to link neighboring community members to nature. To investigate such links, we used a combination of semidirected interviews and participative observations (N= 31) with three communities. While human and wildlife territories are legally disjointed, results show that traditional wildlife and spiritual related knowledge trespasses them and the contact with nature is maintained though practice, culture, and imagination. More than 66% of the people we interviewed have wild animals as totems, and continue to use plants to medicate, cook, or build. Five spirits structure humanwildlife relationships at specific sacred sites. However, this knowledge varies as a function of the location of local communities and the sacred sites. A better integration of local wildlifefriendly knowledge into management plans may revive communities' connectedness to nature, motivate conservation behaviors, and promote biodiversity conservation.


With the vitrinite reflectance measurement,macerals analysis,specific surface area measurement;micro-fracture statistics and methane isothermal adsorption experiments of ten coal and rock samples from nine mining areas in North China,the physical properties of the coal with different metamorphic degree were analyzed.In combination with the metamorphic background of North China coal,the formation causes of the physical differences were discussed.The study showed the coal metamorphic degree and the metamorphic type would affect to the coal micro structure,the pore structure and fracture evolution law and those would be the main causes to the physical differences of coal.The micro analysis showed that when coal at different metamorphic stage,its macromolecule structure would have series variation and thus would cause the coal specific surface area and adsorption capacity with a regularly variation.


This article believes that the pattern of urban ecology is the decision of urban spatial structure,which is the most important one of the factors.This paper summarizes the urban spatial structure eco-lead development and the core idea of putting forward "eco-guide"of measures,land natural attribute analysis,eco-basal division,land type and space control three kinds of way to its implementation of the choice of direction of urban development.This way can determine the urban Growth Boundary,through the vision of urban space and the layout of urban space,which can guide the rational evolution of urban spatial form,and ultimately achieve the purpose of development control of urban spatial structure.Fuling main planning,the use of ecological methods to guide the pattern of urban space,provides the basis for Spatial Strategy in the scope of urban construction and development direction of the city of Fuling District.


In this work we present aHPC version of the interface quasi Newton algorithm. This algorithm is used to couple staggered fluid-structure interaction (FSI) solvers. This algorithm allows to tackle two of the main problems in computational biomechanics: added mass instability and n-fieldcoupling. The components of the IQN algorithm are dismembered and fused to obtain a reduced version, minimizing memory consumption and operations. This algorithm is firstly tested with a complex 2D case, and after used to compute a whole heart. The fluid-electro-mechanical model computed in the whole heart, provided deeper insights in the heartbeat behavior. Although the intracavitary velocities are smaller, the Q-criterion analysis revealed a more complex fluid pattern, if compared against the outflow tracts. Although the limitations of this model, this work is a step forward a simulation tool to study physiopathology and test biomedical devices.


Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, hexane, toluene, naphthalene and xylene degrading bacteria such as Flavobacterium spp.1 & 2 and Pseudomonas spp.1 & 2 were isolated from petroleum contaminated soil samples. They were resistant to heavy metals such as lead, iron, zinc, cobalt and mercury. The optimum pH for hydrocarbon degradation by Flavobacterium spp.1 was 9. Flavobacterium spp.2, Pseudomonas spp.1 & 2 have shown optimum pH 7 for their degradation. The optimum temperature for hydrocarbon degradation by Flavobacterium spp.1 & 2 and Pseudomonas spp.1 & 2 were at 40°C & 45°C .


A memorable cartoon features an anguished person, poised on the edge of a glowering crater and saying to their spouse 'when I promised to follow you to the ends of the earth, I didn't know that you were a volcanologist'. However, it is not only the call of nature, or simple foolhardiness, that brings such geologists to stand at the margins of these fragile giants, but a need to know what it is that causes some volcanoes to erupt while others slumber. Although developing fast, technology has not yet replaced field geologists. The bottom line remains: active volcanoes must be visited if they are to be understood. Restless volcanoes have several features in common with the global equity markets: forecasting and prediction are still mainly at the level of crude pattern recognition; both are notoriously volatile and driven by both shortterm internal and external forces; and both technological infrastructures and financial resources are heavily overweighted towards the highly developed nations. Both systems share the potential for causing human and economic disaster, although one is driven by greed, the other by forces beyond our reach. There the similarities end. We can develop technologies with which better to characterize volcanoes and their behaviour patterns and, by so doing, develop methods of forecasting which have less to do with crystal balls and more to do with science. Some tools, the seismic heartbeat of a volcano for example, are pretty well understood and have certain signals warning of impending change which are easily read. Other vital signs, including gravity, electricity and magnetism, are harder to measure and harder still to understand. Nevertheless, they too appear to reflect the health of the patient. So much for the pathology what about the prognosis? This is where the jury is still out, and this new volume, edited by Bill McGuire, Chris Kilburn and John Murray, comes in.


A computer system is used for monitoring and controlling the main parameters of a marsh gas project. The paper proposes controlling the adjustable speed motors to realize the control of material position with fuzzy control law, and the constant temperature in the regulator pool (a motor vapor valve which is driven by the adjustable speed motor) sith PID law.


The theory that opera reflects modern life was put forward and developed in the long practice of opera performance. In the 20th century, the theory that drama should have national style and opera should employ modern elements became the guideline for Chinese opera reform and development. Opera to reflect modern life is the important part of this theory. With the opera modernization, both modern operas and historical operas have became the main forms of opera, leading to a new epoch of Chinese opera.


Provided is a positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion cell having excellent cell characteristics. A positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion cell, the positive-electrode active material being represented by the composition formula Li x Ni 1 - (y + z) Mn y Co z O 2 + α (in the formula, 0.9 ≤ x ≤ 1.2, 0 < y + z ≤ 0.3, -0.1 ≤ α ≤ 0.1), the average particle diameter D50 being 5-7 μm, the particle strength being 60 MPa or higher, and the average voidage in the interior of particles having a particle diameter of 3 μm or more being 5% or less.


In view of many problems encountered in the present physical geography teaching process,such as declining integrated quality of students,heavy academic burden,poor learning interest of students,including other old issues,for example large ranges and lots of knowledge,insufficient class hours and heavy tasks,more attention to theories while neglect of practice,some corresponding teaching reforms and optimization measures were put foward,including the use of multimedia courseware,inquiry learning and academic lectures,and the issues which must be paid attention to in the physical geography teaching were pointed out.


In the forty-four patients with esophageal cancer, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were evaluated between preand postoperative periods in comparison with patients between positive and negative tissue CEA staining. Serum CEA levels were generally lower in patients with esophageal cancer and these showed less alteration in the postoperative period as compared with those in preoperative period. It is interest to emphasize that the survival following surgery in patients with negative tissue CEA staining in poor in this study. This study indicated that low serum CEA levels were shown in spite of local production of CEA in cancer cells, reflecting a blockage to release CEA to blood stream. It is believed that the variety of expression of cancer associated antigens is based on multiclonarity of cancer cells and/or alteration of expression of antigens with advances in tumor growth. However, it is dubious that CEA generated by carcinoma of the esophagus is indicative of aggressive behavior of the tumor and poor prognosis. Few reports are available in regard to expression of CEA antigen in patients with esophageal cancer. The pre-and postoperative CEA levels in patients with esophageal cancer remained unclear. The purpose of this study is to clarify clinical values of CEA measurement in patients with esophageal cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the time from November 1983 to June 1988, forty-four patients who underwent a resection of the esophagus for esophageal cancer at the First Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Hospital were eligible for this study. The levels of serum CEA in the 44 patients were compared between pre-and postoperative periods, which were determined by a double antibody method'). Differentiation between normal and elevated CEA titers was based on 5.0ng/1 as the upper normal concentration. Tissue-CEA levels were also evaluated by staining method. Paraffin-embedded tissue were left at 38CC for 30min, removed paraffin using xylen and treated with 0.3% H202/MeOH for blockage of endogenous perioxidase and with swine for blockage of nonspecific finding by normal animal serum. Preincubation was carried out for 15 minutes with normal goat serum diluted to 1:20, after which the cells were incubated in speclfic rabbit serum for one hour at room temperature, Antisera to CEA, purchased from Dakogatts were diluted to 1:400 and incubated with a secondary antibody, goat antirabbit IgG for 30 minutes and then with PAP complex for another 30 minutes. Staining was done with 3.3-diaminobenzidin 4m, for 10-15 minutes and counterstaing with 3 percent methyl green solution. Washing with PBS for 30 minutes was done between each step. Positive staining of cells was regarded as over 20 percent of cells.


This paper investigates a pattern of verbal noun constructions in which a verbal noun is accusative marked and its theme argument is also accusative marked. Based on the two arguments capitalizing on indeterminate pronoun licensing and passive formation, this paper proposes that verbal nouns can take two distinct types of complementation structures: a nominalized structure embedding a vP (with a non restructuring verb hata 'do') or a nominalized structure embedding a VP (with the restructuring verb hata). The verb hata turns out to be a lexical restructuring verb, which has an option to take restructuring complementation. This paper argues against the complex predicate approach to verbal noun constructions, favoring the VP-complementation approach which holds that a verbal noun, without the help of the so-called light verb hata, theta-marks its accusative-marked object argument.


This study was designed to investigate the impact of visual mnemonic technique on young and adult Iranian  English learnersʹ vocabulary learning. The current study followed quasi- experimental design. 48 female students were selected based on their performance on Quick Placement Test. The purpose of the QPT was to homogenize the participants based on their proficiency level. The participants were divided into four groups, two experimental and two control groups. Each group consisted of 12 participants. Prior to the treatment, the participants of both groups were given a pretest to determine the knowledge of vocabulary in the experimental and control groups. Then the experimental groups received the visual mnemonic technique for 8 sessions. The control groups went through a traditional method of teaching vocabulary. After 8 sessions, a posttest was administered to all groups. Two-way between-groups ANOVA was run to the results of the vocabulary tests to look at the individual and joint effect of the independent variables on dependent variable. It was concluded that mnemonic technique significantly affected Iranian pre- intermediate EFL learners' vocabulary leaning.  The study exhibited that the experimental group who received instruction on mnemonic technique outperformed their counterparts in posttest of vocabulary.  However, the differences between the effects of mnemonic technique for young and adult learners who received the specific treatment were not statistically significant (P≥ .05).


In this paper, a new type of antenna array, termed the Random Frequency Diverse Array (RFDA), is proposed to determine the target range and azimuth with low system complexity. Each antenna in the array has a narrow bandwidth and a randomly assigned carrier frequency. The beampattern of the RFDA is thumbtack-like. Moreover, the new approach can be considered a random sampling of target information in the spatial-frequency domain, which coincides with the basic concept of compressive sensing. With sparse recovery algorithms, the RFDA can detect the targets and successfully estimate their range and azimuth. The performance of this new approach is verified with numerical results.


Abstract : General George C. Marshall, United States Army, is one of the greatest strategic leaders in the history of the United States. His legacy is directly responsible for significant contributions to the successes of U.S. foreign policy, armed conflict and resultant peace brokering. He is without equal in the strategic realm, and as such, warrants a dedicated analysis in Course 5602 at the National War College in future years. The absence of such in-depth consideration makes him a "forgotten master." For this analysis, a dissection of his achievements while serving as an Army leader alone support the need to study Marshall.


The objective of this research is to examine the effect of liquidity measured by Current
Ratio (CR), profitability measured by Return On Asset (ROA), firm size measured by
Total Assets (TA), maturity and secured towards bond rating.
Using purposive sampling method. There are seven criteria consist of listed in
financial sector in Indonesian Stock Exchange, issuing bonds in Indonesian securities
and rated by PEFINDO during 2014-2016, issuing financial statements audited by
independent auditors during 2013-2015, close the books on 31 December accounting
period, financial statements using the rupiah currency, that get positive net income
during the research period. and provide information related, to the classification of
Current assets and Current liabilities in the financial statements.
The results of this research ware (1) liquidity measured by Current Ratio (CR)
have a significant positive Effect toward bond rating, (2) profitability measured by
Return On Asset (ROA) has no effect toward bond rating, (3) the size of the company
measured Total Assets (TA) have a significant positive Effect toward bond rating, (4)
marturity have a significant positive Effect toward bond rating, (5) secured have no
effect to bond rating.


A method was developed to separate and purify total ergot in the zymotic fluid of Claviceps paspali.Firstly,Claviceps paspali were absorbed in macroporous resin D101,next,they were eluted by absolute alcohol,and evaporated to dryness with rotary evaporation meter.Then,Chromatography with silica gel in H column lower pressure was preceded after determining the component and the conditions of elution with silica gel.Lastly,the proportion of eluent and times of elution were determined with a single factor test.The mass ratio of silica and sample is 20,after eluted with 5 BV methanols and 2 BV methanol five times.The recovery of the ergotic alkaloids can achieve 77.6%.It is a better method and can be used to separate and purify total ergot from Claviceps Paspali.


Abstract data types (ADT) such as sets, stacks, queues, priority queues, etc are implemented using lower level representations such as (doubly-)linked lists, trees, etc. Abstract operations on theses ADT's such add an element, remove and element, check if the structure is Empty?, etc. are implemented by methods that manipulate the low level representations. These implementations are well known when operations are assumed to be executed in a sequential way, i.e., one after the other. However, in the context of concurrency when several threads can share data structures, implementations of operations on these structures are more difficult to design and to get right. In particular, careful management of ownership of different objects in the data structures should be done in order to avoid undesirable interferences. Several locking policies can be adopted in order to achieve that, allowing more or less parallelism between the threads in accessing the shared data structures. For instance, a coarse-grain locking policy consists in allowing only one thread to access the whole structure at a time. Other locking policies can be more permissive and allow several threads to access the data structures, provided they do not have a visible interference. Then, given a sequential implementation of an abstract data type there are two important issues to consider:


Oral tumors are common in dogs and cats. They may be of dental (odontogenic) or non dental origin. The most common malignant oral tumors in dogs are malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma, while the most common oral tumors in the cats are squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma. Less common malignant tumors occur in the oral cavity of dogs include osteosarcoma, multilobular tumor of bone, tonsillar lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma, epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides), histiocytic sarcoma and plasmacytomas. Odontogenic tumors originate from the tooth forming structures and include peripheral odontogenic tumors, acanthomatous ameloblastoma, odontoma, dentigerous cyst and feline inductive odontogenic tumors. Although generally considered benign they can be locally aggressive. Oral osteosarcoma is the fourth most common oral tumor in dogs and affects the mandible and less often the maxilla. Regional and distant metastasis are less common than for appendicular osteosarcoma. Multilobular osteochrondrosarcoma (multilobular tumor of bone) is a variant of osteosarcoma affecting the cranium, orbit, zygomatic arch, palate, maxilla and mandible. It may be palpable as a firm, fixed mass. Patients may exhibit pain upon opening of the mouth if the mandible or zygomatic arch are involved. Radiographs show a popcorn appearance with stippled and heavily calcified regions. Computed tomography is indicated to detect the extent of tumor involvement in the surrounding bone and soft tissues. Prognostic factors for local recurrence and metastatic rate are dependent upon surgical margins and histologic grade. Epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) occurs in older dogs with a possible over representation of cockers and poodles. Lesions in the oral mucosa may show primarily a mucocutaneous junction distribution or may be solitary. Depigmentation of the affected area is common. This variant still has the potential to spread systemically, although it may be many months before other lymphoma is clinically apparent. Tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma is considerably more aggressive than either gingival or lingual squamous cell carcinoma. It occurs in dogs with a median age of 9-11 years. It has a high rate of metastasis early in the disease process. Treatment is surgical excision in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. Extramedullary plasma cell tumors appear as smooth, pink to red, raised, well circumscribed nodules. Plasmacytomas of the oral mucosa are rarely associated with systemic disease. Surgical excision is most often curative. Odontogenic tumors originate from the tooth forming structures (epithelial or mesenchymal dental structures). Peripheral odontogenic fibromas were previously described as fibromatous and ossifying epulides. They are benign, slow growing, non invasive, firm, smooth, pink masses that originate at the gingival sulcus from periodontal ligament stroma. Radiographs show no changes in the underlying alveolar bone structure. The ossifying type of peripheral odontogenic fibroma contains varying amounts of calcified tissue within the tumor. Treatment for these tumors is local excision or excision of the mass in combination with extraction of the associated tooth.


The paper considers the problem of selecting individuals in the current population in Genetic Algorithms for crossover to find a solution of high fitness of a given combinatorial optimization problem. Many different schemes have been considered in literature as possible selection strategies, such as Windowing, Exponential reduction, Linear transformation or normalization and Binary Tournament selection. It is shown that if one wishes to maximize any linear function of the final state probabilities, e.g. the fitness of the best individual of the final population of the algorithm, then the best probability distribution for selecting individuals in each generation is a rectangular distribution over the individuals sorted by their fitness values. This means uniform probabilities have to be assigned to a group of the best individuals of the population but probabilities equal to zero to individuals with fitness ranks higher than a fixed cutoff, which is equal to a certain rank in the sorted fitness vector. The considered strategy is called Threshold Selecting. The proof applies basic arguments of Markov chains and linear optimization and makes only a few assumptions on the underlying principles and hence applies to a large class of Genetic Algorithms.


In this issue of Blood , Lausten-Thomsen et al challenge the notion that TEL-AML1 transcripts are prevalent in newborns, raising questions about our understanding of the natural history of childhood ALL and the potential utility of newborn screening.[1][1]

The t(12;21) translocation results in the


The article deals with the reasons of crisis in museology. As the main idea of these are con-sidered the gap between modern museum practice and limited by frame of the professional Institute. Whereas science, which main role is to describe as fully and adequately as possible the part of reality it works with, must permanently analyse all ongoing changes in order to preserve the validity of scientific concepts and develop new ones. The classical museology approach continues to describe museum objects and basic functions concerning selection, documentation, preservation, research, exhibition, restoration and etc. Meanwhile, radical innovations occur in the interaction of the museum and its visitors, accompanied the pro-cess of incorporation kind of works other cultural institutions. Today, the broad engagement of local communities, volunteers, collectors, "friends of the museum" societies and sponsors in the museum's activities demonstrate trends of new Museum movement towards its self-development from a professional to a social institution, integrated into the system of social institutions of the society along with the institutions of family, religion, education, political parties, etc. Science, the main role of which is to fully and adequately describe the part of the reality with which it works, is invariably faced with the task of analysing all the changes that are taking place in order to maintain the validity of scientific concepts and develop new ones. An objective analysis of these innovations can give museology an impetus for the further development of the scientific apparatus and the updating of theoretical constructions.


This paper draws upon an ongoing study into gambling in the United Kingdom to examine off-course betting as a form of social life. Through such an approach it identifies several features of betting shop life that complement and refine the research literature to date: the different sub-groups within the off-course betting population; how they manage their activities in terms of their finances and their domestic and work responsibilities; the often subtle social dynamics of the betting shop. Through an analysis of these features of the punter's world, the paper investigates the rationality of the activities of loss-making punters, and shows how this differs markedly from the rationalities employed by those who win at the game - bookmakers and professional gamblers. One common concern for many punters is the dream of the `big win' for a little stake - a concern not shared by the other two groups - a dream that undermines their ability to win, and thus compounds their losses. The paper then identifies the different sub-groups involved in off-course betting, and discusses the different times at which they bet and the different strategies they use. In such a way the paper contributes to the debate through identifying groups and social processes not addressed in the literature, and shows how they refine the categories and concepts used to date.


Objective—Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common chronic disease in the United States and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle interventions (e.g., diet, exercise, stress management) to reduce blood pressure (BP) are often complex with varying effectiveness. Breathing awareness meditation (BAM) is a stress management strategy with encouraging effects on BP, though widespread dissemination is hampered by the lack of an easy-to-use methodology Correspondence concerning this manuscript may be sent to Dr. Zachary Adams, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202. P. 317-278-0552, f. 317-278-0456, email@example.com. Author Note Dr. Adams is in the Department of Psychiatry at the Indiana University School of Medicine and maintains affiliation with the MUSC Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences in the College of Medicine. Dr. Sieverdes, Ms. Brunner-Jackson, Dr. Mueller, Dr. Chandler, Mr. Patel, Mr. Sox, Mr. Wilder, and Dr. Treiber are all at the Technology Applications for Healthful Lifestyles in the College of Nursing at MUSC. Dr. Diaz is at the MUSC College of Medicine. No conflicts of interested from any authors were declared. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Health Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 September 01. Published in final edited form as: Health Psychol. 2018 September ; 37(9): 850–860. doi:10.1037/hea0000584. A uhor M anscript


Summary

Trypsin inhibitor from adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) seed was isolated and characterised. Extraction of seed with NaCl at the concentration of 0.15 m showed a higher recovery of trypsin inhibitor than other solvents tested (P < 0.05). Optimal extraction time for the recovery trypsin inhibitor from adzuki bean seed was 30 min (P < 0.05). Purification of inhibitor was achieved by heat-treatment at 90 °C for 10 min, followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation with 30–65% saturation and size exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, presenting a yield and purification of 53.9% and 10.91-fold, respectively. The apparent molecular weight of trypsin inhibitor was estimated to be 14 kDa based on SDS-PAGE and inhibitor activity of zones separated by electrophoresis. The purified inhibitor was stable over a broad pH range and retained high inhibitory activity toward trypsin after incubation at 90 °C for 60 min. NaCl, at 0–3% concentration, did not affect the inhibitory activity of purified trypsin inhibitor, however, the activity was lost when sample was treated with β-mercaptoethanol prior to electrophoresis.


The objective of this article is to rethink, from a Marxist theoretical perspective, the legitimacy crises of the bourgeois democracies of LatinAmerica in the 1990s, taking into consideration the confrontation that social movements impose upon the State, in its role as the representative of theinterests of the dominant classes and as a fundamental actor in the process of capital accumulation.