CONSISTENT EVIDENCE FOR 0.1-10 MM NEAR SUBSURFACE GRAIN SIZES: POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANETESIMAL FORMATION MODELS. O.M. Umurhan, W.M. Grundy, M.K. Bird, A.J. Verbiscer, H.A. Weaver, J.R. Spencer, K.N. Singer, S.A. Stern, J.W. Parker and the New Horizons Science Team, Seti Institute, Mountain View, CA 94035 (email@example.com), NASA-Ames Research Center, Lowell Observatory, University of Bonn, University of Virginia, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Southwest Research Institute,


This report documents the three-dimensional (3D) inversion results of surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data collected over the Hanford Site B-Complex. The data were collected in order to image the subsurface distribution of electrically conductive vadose zone contamination resulting from both planned releases of contamination into subsurface infiltration galleries (cribs, trenches, and tile fields), as well as unplanned releases from the B, BX, and BY tank farms and/or associated facilities. Electrically conductive contaminants are those which increase the ionic strength of pore fluids compared to native conditions, which comprise most types of solutes released into the subsurface B-Complex. The ERT data were collected and originally inverted as described in detail in report RPP-34690 Rev 0., 2007, which readers should refer to for a detailed description of data collection and waste disposal history. Although the ERT imaging results presented in that report successfully delineated the footprint of vadose zone contamination in areas outside of the tank farms, imaging resolution was not optimized due to the inability of available inversion codes to optimally process the massive ERT data set collected at the site. Recognizing these limitations and the potential for enhanced ERT characterization and time-lapse imaging at contaminated sites, a joint effortmore » was initiated in 2007 by the U.S. Department of Energy – Office of Science (DOE-SC), with later support by the Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM), and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), to develop a high-performance distributed memory parallel 3D ERT inversion code capable of optimally processing large ERT data sets. The culmination of this effort was the development of E4D (Johnson et al., 2010,2012) In 2012, under the Deep Vadose Zone Applied Field Research Initiative (DVZ-AFRI), the U.S. Department of Energy – Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC) commissioned an effort for the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to re-invert the ERT data collected over the B-Complex using E4D, with the objective to improve imaging resolution and better understand the distribution of vadose zone contamination at the B-Complex. The details and results of that effort as documented in this report display a significant improvement in ERT image resolution, revealing the nature and orientation of contaminant plumes originating in former infiltration galleries and extending toward the water table. In particular, large plumes originating in the BY-Cribs area appear to have intercepted, or are close to intercepting the water table after being diverted eastward, possibly by the same low permeability unit causing perched water north of the B-Tank Farm boundary. Contaminant plumes are also evident beneath the BX-Trenches, but do not appear to have intercepted the water table. Imaging results within the tank farms themselves are highly biased by the dense network of electrically conductive tanks and dry wells, and are therefore inconclusive concerning contaminant distributions beneath tanks. However, beneath the diversion boxes, the results do reveal highly conductive anomalies that are not associated with metallic infrastructure, and may be diagnostic of extensive contamination. Overall, the parallel ERT inversion provides additional detail concerning contaminated zones in terms of conductive anomalies. These anomalies are consistent with waste disposal histories, and in several cases reveal lateral contaminant transport caused by heterogeneity within the vadose zone.« less


To solve the college purchase of digital resources which really meet the needs of readers and promote the interview efficiency,this system is designed for the association analysis of data mining in gathering information of digital resouces database with the algorithm of ApriorHybrid,moreover,the framework,the key point of algorithm and the description of result of realization are also discussed in detail.


Because of new regulations on the allowable aromatic content in petroleum products, the saturation of aromatics in distillates and heavy naphtha is gaining more attention. Catalytic hydrodearomatization (HDA) improves the qualities and properties of distillates for health, food, and pharmaceutical applications. In this research, the aromatic content of the four different middle distillate fractions varies from 10 to 12% volume. The goal is to saturate the aromatics to <0.1% volume at pressures, temperatures, and space velocities that are optimized for the lowest operating cost and longest catalyst life. Additionally, this study aims to determine if HDA is more favorable for processing the individual distillate cuts or the comingled products. This study also utilizes a modified high-performance liquid chromatography refractive index (HPLC-RI) method in which an ultraviolet (UV) detector is used to measure low levels of aromatics. A combination of UV and HPLC techniques was able to quantify aromatic levels ...


A disposable sterile fiber optic probe has been developed to continuously monitor blood gases while residing within a 20 gauge radial artery catheter. Blood pH and dissolved 02 and CO2 are measured independently in three high n.a. 115/100 micron fibers by means of fluorescent indicators embedded in specialized membranes at the probe tip. Excitation of the fluorescent dyes is performed with a pulsed Xenon bulb; fluorescence detection with silicon photodiodes; and separation of excitation and emission is accomplished with a small cube beamsplitter located between two quarter-pitch SELFOC lenses. One of these SELFOC lenses is part of the disposable connector leading to the probe, the other leads to the excitation source via 250/200 micron fibers. The disposable portion is designed to be disconnected and reconnected without loss of calibration, requiring connector throughput reproducibility of 0.25%. System drift is typically less than 2% per 24 hours, after a 30 minute warm-up. Numerous practical problems with the fibers, connectors, SELFOC lenses, background fluorescence, system calibration, accuracy and drift have been encountered and will be discussed.


The paper examines the functioning process of wireless communication channel. Queuing system with requests of complex structure and dispatching is used as a mathematic model. The paper provides the algorithm of statistical modelling of the system. The modelling considers the peculiar character where each request consists of a random number of operations with a random continuance.


Simple Summary NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex that assembles in response to cellular distress and promotes maturation and release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and IL-18, which contribute to immune responses and inflammation. Aberrant NLRP3 activation has divergent roles in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, as it can have both protumorigenic and antitumorigenic effects in a context-dependent and tissue-specific manner. Therefore, the fine-tuning of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer cells, through a wide range of agents including, such as inhibitors, antagonists and monoclonal antibodies, has been suggested as a viable approach to cancer therapy. Abstract Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that regulate the maturation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in response to various intracellular stimuli. As a member of the inflammasomes family, NLRP3 is the most studied and best characterized inflammasome and has been shown to be involved in several pathologies. Recent findings have made it increasingly apparent that the NLRP3 inflammasome may also play a central role in tumorigenesis, and it has attracted attention as a potential anticancer therapy target. In this review, we discuss the role of NLRP3 in the development and progression of cancer, offering a detailed summary of NLRP3 inflammasome activation (and inhibition) in the pathogenesis of various forms of cancer. Moreover, we focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting NLRP3 for cancer therapy, emphasizing how understanding NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent cancer mechanisms might guide the development of new drugs that target the inflammatory response of tumor-associated cells.


The research presented in this thesis focuses on an investigation on teaching concepts for constructed languages, and the development of a teaching tool , called VISL, for teaching a specific constructed language. Constructed languages have been developed for integration with computer systems to overcome ambiguities and complexities existing in natural language in information description and retrieval. Understanding and using properly these languages is one of the keys for successful use of these computer systems. Unfortunately, current teaching approaches are not suitable for users to learn features of those languages easily. There are different types of constructed languages. Each has specific features adapted for specific uses but they have in common explicitly constructed grammar. In addition, a constructed language commonly embeds a powerful query engine that makes it easy for computer systems to search for correct information from descriptions following the conditions of the queries. This suggests new teaching principles that should be easi ly adaptable to teach any specific structured language's structures and its specific query


The fate of 14C‐labeled SU‐13197 was investigated in rat and man. In both, the drug was almost completely metabolized and the radioactivity excreted in the urine and feces. The half‐life of the parent drug was shorter than that of the total of the radioactive metabolites, two of which were recognized as maior components. A glucuronide coniugate was present in rat and human urine and excreted in rat bile. In the six subiects investigated, this excreted con;ugated metabolite had a half‐life similar to that of SU‐13197 (16 hours), while the other metabolite had a longer half‐life (44 hours). In 3 sub;ects who received the drug by oral and intravenous administration, more unchanged SU‐13197 was excreted in the urine following intravenous than oral administration, despite comparable absorption of the radioactive label. This suggests that significant amounts of the drug are metabolized during the process of transfer from the gut to the systemic circulation. The data suggest that following oral administration plasma levels may vary as much as tenfold between individuals. A suitable therapeutic regimen is predicted from the data.


Anthroponyms in the novel "The Master and Margarita" reveal to us the special world of the novel. Each name, each form of name and context are regular and full of the deepest meaning. The article compares the names in the Turkish translation of the novel. The means of the translating language are a fundamental factor in the equivalence of the translation of names from a linguopragmatic point of view.


Article presents meta-analysis of previous studies; experience at Klaipeda University hospital is outlined. The case of polytrauma with letal outcome is being described. The patient was diagnosed with multiple vertebral and limb fractures, suspected pulmonary contussion, alleged cause of death – hypovolemia due to suspected internal hemorrhage. The direct mechanism of death was not completelly understood, therefore, in view of academic interest, the desicion was to perform virtopsy DSKT?, at which bilateral pleural effussions of up to 2000 ml of intensive fluid was discovered, together with multiple bone fractures. Forensic investigation later confirmed multiple fractures of thoracic vertebrae, limb fractures, massive bilateral hemothorax. The proposed hypothesis of acute hemothorax as a cause of hypovolemic shock with adverse outcome has been confirmed. doi:10.5200/sm-hs.2013.080


The topological structure resulting from the network of contacts between grains (contact network) is studied for large samples of monosized spheres with densities (fraction of volume occupied by the spheres) ranging from 0.59 to 0.64. We retrieve the coordinates of each bead in the pack and we calculate the average coordination number by using three different methods. We show that, in the range of density investigated, the coordination number is larger than four and it increases with the packing fraction. At local level we also observe a positive correlation between local packing fraction and number of neighbours. We discover a dependence between the local densities of configurations with few neighbours in contact and the global sample densities. This might indicate that local configurations with small numbers of neighbours are able to deform plastically when the sample is compactifying.


A direct conversion technique has been demonstrated to produce highly conductive tracks on silicon carbide by irradiating it with a laser beam. It is found that laser irradiation of insulating silicon carbide substrates decreases its resistivity from 1011 to 10−4 Ω cm. Scanning electron microscopy of laser-irradiated α-silicon carbide substrate reveals dispersed globules on the irradiated track. The atomic force microscopic images of the tracks indicate the conversion of larger structures into smaller, more round-shaped structures suggesting the formation of globules. However, laser irradiation of silicon carbide conductors in the presence of pure oxygen transforms the conducting track into an insulator. The effect of annealing on the electrical properties of the laser-generated conducting tracks is also examined. This technique provides a means of directly writing conducting and insulating tracks on silicon carbide to produce electronic devices for high temperature applications.


Critical writings may be seen as fictions about literature and reading and writing. One hero of these fictions is the ideal reader. The sort of ideal reader a critic creates indicates the literary form of his criticism. Dr. Johnson's ideal reader is an everyman, and Johnson's criticism imitates allegorical epic literature in its concern with mankind in general. Dryden's division of readers into classes, headed by "the most judicious," is an aspect of the dramatic form of his critical literature. Coleridge's lyrical mode of criticism centers on a reader so close to his author that he becomes his tautegorical representative. Northrop Frye's criticism is a kind of comic romance leading to an apocalypse in which his heroic ideal reader redeems cultural history and experiences it as part of his present life. The criticism of these four writers embodies and imitates, as it asserts, a vision of literature.


[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of chitosan on microorganism quantity and storage quality of Yali pear in the later storage,to provide technical guidance for food storage and transportation of Yali pear.[Method] Yali pear were used as materials in this experiment,and Yali pear were soaked with 0.75%,1.00%,1.25%or 1.50% chitosan(CTS) for 30 s and then stored at 4 ℃ for 30 d.Taking clear water as control,in the 10,20 and 30 d,the microorganism number and each index were detected.[Result] Compared with the control,rate of weight loss and fruit rotting rate decreased through the CTS treatments,maintained a relatively high hardness content,soluble sugar content and TSS(total solid substance) content,controlled the microorganism quality and rate,kept satisfactory hardness and quality,and effectively delayed the senescence of the fruit.The treatment of 1.25%chitosan had the best fresh-keeping quality,with a decay rate of 8.3% and a weight loss rate of 12.9% after 30 d of storage,being 52.6% and 28.0%,respectively remarkable compared with the control.[Conclusion] Chitosan treatments have better fresh effects for Yali pear in the later storage.


Galvanic corrosion behaviours of 2A12 aluminum alloy coupled with 40CrNiMoA steel under different solution concentrations and pH value and tensile stress levels were studied by galvanic corrosion test. The experimental results show that the couple current density increases with the decrease of pH for the same solution concentration,and increases with the increase of solution concentration at the same pH. Observing the corrosion appearance,it is found that with changing solution concentration,obvious localized corrosion and pitting corrosion are observed for specimens 2A12. General corrosion plays a key role in acidic solutions(pH=2),and the major corrosion form of specimens 2A12 in both neutral and slight acidic solutions(pH=4 and pH=7)is pitting corrosion. The magnitude of external stress has important effects on couple current density and galvanic corrosion sensitivity. Without the effect of external stress,the corrosion forms of the couple of 2A12/45 steel is the localized corrosion with the corrosion products attaching to the surface of the steel. As stress is applied to specimens 2A12,the pitting corrosion of 2A12 develops into larger dimension,and when the external stress increases to 75%σs,the corrosion


Abstract How well are voters represented and what explains how well voters are represented? Answering these questions requires unpacking the mechanisms by which voters choose elected officials and elected officials implement policies. Though spatial theories of voting and legislative bargaining provide a broad framework for understanding these mechanisms, testing these theories involves a measurement problem where multiple political actors and outcomes must be located. We develop a technique for estimating policy outcomes, status quo locations, the ideology of elite political actors, and the ideology of voters, on a common scale. Using our new estimates, we demonstrate a similar level of incongruence for tax policies and spending policies. The incongruence arises for different reasons however—tax policies are over-responsive to the position of the median voter. Contrarily, spending policies are under-responsive and barely correlated with the position of the median voter. In examining the underlying mechanisms for policy change, we find that while the positions of elected officials over-respond to the median voter, the changing composition of state government has little immediate impact on policy. Instead, policy outcomes respond to long-term trends in the composition of government.


This paper reports on the spectroscopic properties of the 3H4 and 3F4 Tm3+ levels in a TZN glass host with a concentration range from 0.82 to 22 × 1020 cm−3. Precise refractive index measurements are performed on five different wavelengths by the prism coupling method. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters have been determined in order to obtain transition rate, branching ratio and radiative lifetime. Spectroscopic measurements show the most promising concentration for the1.8 µm short cavity laser emission at 6.84 × 1020 cm−3 Tm3+ with a 24% quantum efficiency and upper limit concentration of 11 × 1020 cm−3 Tm3+. Energy transfer microparameters and critical ion distance are determined for both emission levels within the framework of diffusion-limited regime and dipole–dipole interaction.


Article history: Received 31 March 2019 Received in revised form 3 May 2019 Accepted 16 May 2019 Available online 20 May 2019 In the present condition, there is a high demand for exact solutions through analytical, computational and measurements in the field of aerospace engineering. For wind tunnel testing it is difficult to bear the cost because of highly expensive materials needed for wind tunnel testing and the time needed to accomplish the experiments. Therefore, in this paper, analytical and numerical methods are used to evaluate the flow field over a wedge at supersonic Mach numbers for attached as well as detached shock cases. The wedge with the various half-wedge angle at Mach number 2 has been considered for the simulation. Closed form solutions are obtained for the various semi-vertex angle of the wedge. Supersonic similarity parameter has been used to obtain the pressure distribution over wedge at a different angle of attack with attached and detached shock wave cases. Results are in good agreement with the theoretical results of the shock-expansion theory. The analytical results are compared with those obtained by simulation. The results are obtained for pressure, temperature, Mach number, and the density using ANSYS code are in good agreement with the results obtained analytically.


I. INTRODUCTION The short answer has to be "no." But then that's only my opinion, which like vestigial organs and orifices unmentioned in polite company, everyone's got. Scholar or simpleton, '"As many men, so many minds;' every one his own way." (1) The forests chopped down for paper in service of decades of attenuated scholarship on judicial process and judicial selection are too numerous to count. Nevertheless, particularly when it comes to judicial elections--whether contested, uncontested, partisan, nonpartisan, or yes/no retention, the empirical data (2) is wanting. (3) What's left is mostly anecdotal or opinion-driven conjecture. Depending on the author's agenda, hypotheses are tied to thin reeds of statistically-manipulated support reminiscent of Mark Twain's popular remonstrance, "There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics." (4) So my views on the topic are these. Since judicial retention elections operate even more under-the-radar than open, contested judicial elections, it's eminently more difficult for voters to give them much notice. So state constitutionally speaking, since retention elections do such a great job of insulating judges from voters, (5) the question of whether or not retention elections have an effect on the capacity of state courts to enforce state constitutional rights and responsibilities is pretty much a non sequitur. Moreover, it's only when high profile hot-button issues like abortion, the death penalty, and most recently, same-sex marriage boil over that the public finds any sense of possible judicial overreaching. It's then that the otherwise under-informed plebs are sufficiently informed to consider running for their pitchforks and torches. But it's still useful to sardonically note the inconsistencies within the legal academy evidenced by Professor Larry Kramer's populist wisdom (6) epitomized by his so-called "popular constitutionalism" (7) on the one hand versus the view of voter as ignoramus on the other. (8) "Ahoy polloi." (9) In the tension between judicial independence and judicial accountability, the legal guild wastes little time in subordinating the competing interests of the unwashed masses. To the boundless consternation of legal elites, the ignorant (10) multitudes favor direct contested elections of state judges over Missouri Plan nominating committee merit selection mechanisms and their placatory corollaries, yes/no judicial retention elections. (11) Indeed, despite the unfounded wishful thinking and ardent campaigning, (12) the latest effort went down to a predictable crushing defeat in Nevada. (13) Despite the painstaking statistical machinations of merit selection proponents, the public continues to resist. And in Nevada, it was the third time in a generation, giving the lie to the adage that the third time's the charm. (14) The results of the November 2010 ballot initiative for merit-based selection of judges failed when fifty-eight percent of Nevada voters rejected it. (15) Notwithstanding the collagen-injected lip service to the ideals of judicial accountability paid by lawyers, judges, bar associations, and legal academics, judicial independence always trumps accountability. As a matter of fact, merit selection where judges are appointed to an initial term by the governor from a list of nonpartisan commission nominated candidates was supposed to be the bridge less far between independence and accountability. (16) Freed from contested electioneering and the influence of campaign money, the initial appointment of judges was supposed to preserve and protect judicial independence. (17) And retention elections were supposed to provide the means for voters to hold outlier judges accountable. (18) But it's hard to dismiss the unvarnished wood in the cynical assertion offered by Indiana Law Professor Charles Gardner Geyh that "[t]he presence of retention elections in merit selection systems can only be explained as a concession to the entrenched political necessity of preserving judicial elections in some form, so that merit selection proponents have an answer for detractors who oppose plans that 'take away our right to vote. …


Objective
To determine the effectiveness and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT)-CyberKnife for oligometastatic prostate cancer.

Methods
From May 2012 to February 2017, 31 patients treated by CyberKnife were retrospectively reviewed, with a median age of 67 years(range 52 to 83 years), including 50 oligometastatic and 2 primary prostate cancer patients. The median PSA level was 8.4 ng/ml(range 0 to 300.0 ng/ml) and PSA test was performed every month. PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), time to initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and local control rate (LCR) were measured as the main outcomes.

Results
SBRT was well tolerated and were performed as planned in all patients. No SBRT related acute or late toxicities were observed. No bone fracture was observed in patients treated by bony targeted radiotherapy. The median follow-up after SBRT was 20.7 months (range 1.2-58.3 months). The median PSA-PFS was 5.3 months (range 0-58.3 months). 1-year, 2-year, and 4-year PSA-PFS was 52.0%, 36.7% and 36.7% respectively. PSA level decrease was observed in 21 oligometastatic prostate cancer patients after SBRT, with median PSA-PFS of 12.3 months (range 1.2-58.3 months). PSA level increase was observed in 29 oligometastatic prostate cancer patients after SBRT. Six local recurrence were observed resulting in an actuarial 1-year, 2-year and 3-year LCR of 90.4%, 86.9% and 82.6%, respectively. Twelve patients treated without ADT after SBRT, with median follow-up of 8.6 months (range 2.9-58.3 months) in this subgroup. Seven patients were added ADT after SBRT, with the median time from SBRT to initiation of ADT of 13.3 months (range 3.0-24.0 months) in this subgroup. Twelve patients were treated with ADT continuously after SBRT.

Conclusions
CyberKnife seems to be a safe and effective treatment with tolerated adverse events and good local control for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer.

Key words:
Prostate cancer; Oligometastatic; CyberKnife; Stereotactic body radiotherapy; Prostate specific antigen(PSA)


It shouldn't surprise the rest of the United States that Austin, Texas, would produce a theatre company with the energy, spontaneity and intellectual curiosity of Rude Mechanicals. For starters, Austin is a young and brainy city, with tens of thousands of inhabitants doing their studies at the University of Texas's largest campus. Politically, the city leans far left, in stark contrast with the rest of the state, and it's buzzing with art and performance, including a noted live music scene. But when Rude Mechs, as the 12-year-old collective is known, went on national tour for the first time with its 1999 adaptation of the Greil Marcus book Lipstick Traces-a freewheeling, cerebral-yet-visceral take on punk culture through the centuries-its members were dismayed to hear the same refrain from coast to coast: Wow, there's theatre in Texas? "It made us come home and go, damn! I know I make art, and I know other incredible artists here, but nobody else in the entire country does-we're totally isolated," remembers Lana Lesley, one of the group's five "copads," or coproducing artistic directors. That's a strange sensation for a group that uses its performance space as a hub for outreach and exchange, and that relies on no-boundaries collaboration among its growing community of artists to create unconventional plays that on some level are usually about building community. So how did they respond? They visited the sculptor Donald Judd's museum in Marfa, Texas, bonded with some rodeo cowboys who happened to be in town, and from that trip created El Paraiso (2002), a play about what it means to be an artist in the Lone Star State. For the record, here's a few of the things it means to them: a stage covered in sand, a philosophical debate between James Dean and Ludwig Wittgenstein, and lots and lots of tequila. With a budget that has just recently risen above $200,000, Rude Mechs is not a rich company, but no longer is it one of the scrappy upstarts on the scene. Certainly, it has achieved a quality of life in Austin that it probably couldn't manage in a city such as New York. Since 1999 the group has managed its converted warehouse home, the Off Center, which contains a 100 seat theatre with a large playing area. It coproduces other artists' work, hosts festivals focusing on African American and female artists, and for eight years has run a summer camp in writing and performance for teenage girls. To fuel its own play development, Rude Mechs has been successful in scoring grants-most recently from the Creative Capital Foundation for its latest work-in-progress, The Method Gun, which will explore various acting techniques (including differences between film and stage performance, a particular Rude Mechs preoccupation) through the life of a fictional acting guru. It's true that when members of the Rude Mechs name their theatrical influences (or, as Lesley puts it, "crushes"), apart from some kindred Austin collectives such as Physical Plant Theatre and Rubber Repertory Company, the list is made up mostly of New York City companies: the Wooster Group, SITI Company, Elevator Repair Service, Big Art Group, the Foundry Theatre, Radiohole. But don't think for a minute that they're exiled New Yorker wannabes. The company is proudly Texan, embodying some of the state's most flattering stereotypes: confidence, sass, and all the laidback warmth that can be crammed into the word "y'all." When Rude Mechs exports a provocative show like Lipstick Traces, or its latest touring success, a scathing critique of George W. Bush's administration called Get Your War On [Photo 1], it's a chance to be ambassadors of a lesser known side of its state. Get Your War On is in many ways an atypical Rude Mechanicals project, but it does follow the group's tradition of bringing out the theatrical potential of rich but unlikely source material-in this case, a comic strip. In addition to Lipstick Traces, Rude Mechs has staged James Kelman's novel How Late It Was, How Late (2003) and Donald Barthelme's Snow White (1999) as well as Percy Shelley's poem Prometheus Unbound (1998). …


The purpose of the paper and related research is to identify a quality parameter most closely correlated with the wheat baking potential and to be an efficient criterion for qualitative selection and homogenization of the cereal lots. In this respect, 772 samples of wheat from the 2005-2016harvests were analyzed in terms of physical and chemical quality parameters, namely: Hectolitre mass (HM, Kg/hl), Moisture (M, %), Protein content(PC, %), Wet Gluten (WG, %), FallingNumber (FN, s), Gluten Deformation Index (GDI, mm) and Gluten Index (GI), the latter two being given special attention. Following the milling of the wheat on pilot mill, alveographic parameters were determined on 419 samples,namely: Resistance (P, mm), Extensibility (L, mm), alveographic Mechanical work (W, 10E-4 J/g) and P/L ratio. Also, for 35 samples, baking tests were performed in order to evaluate the bread volume (ml/100 g). The results showed that the Gluten Index parameter alone is not a predictive criterion for wheatquality.Nevertheless, rated as WetGluten remaining on the Sieve (WGS)at centrifugation, itmay become the most strongly correlatedparameter with the wheat baking potential and as such capable of being an effective criterion for theselection and qualitative homogenization of the cereal lots. Thus, the results showed that WGS established higher correlation coefficients with alveographic Mechanical Work (r=0.731***, p [ 0.001) and volume of bread (r=0.712***, p [ 0,001), compared to the Gluten Index parameter (r=0.262***, p [ 0.001, respectively 0.292 ns).


Through a change of numeraire, the valuation problem for floating strike lookback options can be reduced to one dependent on a single state variable. Under this new measure, we develop an efficient method to compute the values and early exercise boundaries of American floating strike lookback options. A key idea underlying the method is the reduction of option valuation to a single optimal stopping problem for reflecting Brownian motion, indexed by one parameter in the absence of dividends and by two parameters in the presence of a dividend rate. Numerical results obtained by this method show that, after a space-time transformation, the stopping boundaries are well approximated by certain linear splines with a few knots, leading to fast and accurate approximations for American floating strike lookback option values using a decomposition formula for the American values. JEL classification: G13, C61


Immobilized triazine dye affinity chromatography has been widely used for protein purification.In this paper,Cibacron Blue F3G-4 was immobilized,through a spacer arm,onto a rigid hydroplhilic porous polymer by reacting an epoxy-group-containing poly(vinyl alcohol)with 6-aminohexyl-N'-Cibacron Blue F3G-A,which was obtained by reacting Cibacron Blue F3G-4 with excess of 1,6-diaminohexane,in a pH 8.6buffer,The epoxy-group-containing poly(vinyl alcohol)was prepared by treating macroporous poly(vinyl alcohol)with excess epichlorohydrin in the presence of NaOH in dimethyl sulfoxide.The macroporous poly(vinyl alcohol)was prepared by hydrolysis of macroporous crosslinked poly(vinyl acetate),which was synthesized by suspension copolymerization of vinyl acetate and triallyl isocyanurate in the presence of butyl acetate and n-heptane as diluents.The Cibacron Blue F3G-A-immobilized poly(vinyl alcohol)was packed in a stainless steel column (250×5mm I.D.)and the chromatographic behaviors of several proteins(cytochrome c, lysozyme,bovine serum albumin,insulin,and lactate dehydrogenase)were determined.


Natural and bio-engineered tissues are often composed of multiple fiber networks (fibrin, collagen, elastin, etc.). The microstructure and interactions between components determine the macroscopic mechanical properties of the tissues. Examples of multi-fiber networks include skin (collagen and elastin) and thrombus during the wound healing process (collagen and fibrin). In addition, tissue engineers (eg. [1]) use fibrin as a scaffold to seed cells for tissue growth; over time, networks of collagen and fibrin coexist as the fibrin is degraded and replaced with cell-synthesized collagen. Our group has previously investigated the mechanical properties of single fiber networks of fibrin and collagen, but has shown that these do not obey the law of mixtures in a collagen-fibrin co-gel [2]. The goal of this project was to understand the interactions between the collagen and fibrin networks in a collagen-fibrin co-gel.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


In this research paper an entire concept of belief in the Islamic doctrine is tackled. It is the concept of 'Al Rizq' (earning or gain) which man gains through business or heritage and the inclusiveness of this concept,which includes all what Allah, the All Mighty grants to all creatures and human beings in particular.All that follows the doctrine of monotheism or theism, which refers everything to Allah in creation and destiny.
This research paper resolves the complexity in the concept of gain in life. The complexity in interpretation is between two big schools of thought in Islam; Al Mu'atazilah and the Sunnah followers. The concept of (Rizq) earning is tackled by Al Mu'atazilah who concluded that illegal earning is not earning (Rizq) based on the rule which states that what is graceful is what the intellect considers as graceful and what is ugly is what the intellect considers as ugly. Consequently, they do not attribute the unlawful earning to Allah. On the other hand, the Sunnah followers contradict them and oppose their point of view and according to them what is graceful is what the Islamic law considers as graceful and what is ugly is what the Islamic legislation considers as ugly. Therefore, the Islamic legislation indicates that Allah, the All Mighty is the founder of everything and the human earning is part of Allah's creation and the destiny of the human being (Al Abd) whether this earning is lawful or unlawful. Since the belief conception refers everything to Allah, the All Mighty in all aspects of knowledge, creation, ordination or will, execution and what is lawful or unlawful has no association with this belief, but the consequences of the earning and the deeds of the human whether in line with the Islamic legislation or not.
Therefore, this research tackles the relationship of (Al-Rizq) with (Al-Qadar) in its four levels: The knowledge, the coding or writing, the volition or will, the execution and destiny and the effect of those four levels on the life of a Muslim.


An inquiry into everyday violence (as an extreme form to manage conflicts), within the conceptual framework proposed by Schutz, is a matter of ethics and academic relevance, as it is in those circumstances in which social workers operate and the ones that, perhaps unintentionally, they encourage through their action. From the professional and academic point of view, this study provides information that allows the development of educational, personal, familiar, community and institutional strategies, prone to the understanding, management and transformation of conflicts where the use of violence becomes only one of the possibilities. In consequence, the first chapter of the document provides an introduction to the developments on violence, the guidelines of research on violence that have been conducted in Colombia in recent years, and even though everyday violence has not been the field most studies have emphasized in, there are a few jobs around. Besides, some reference to the significance of these studies for Social Work is also made. The second chapter presents the elements that Schutzian phenomenology proposes to tackle the world of common sense, and among them the contexts of meaning as the focus of this study. The third chapter presents the other methodological details of the study concerned. The fourth one describes the children's way to make sense of the world around everyday violence. Finally, there is a reconstruction of the contexts of meaning as constructs constantly updated and which children use to face life collectively and some conclusions and recommendations.


Hand pose is emerging as an important interface for human-computer interaction. The problem of hand pose estimation from passive stereo inputs has received less attention in the literature compared to active depth sensors. This paper seeks to address this gap by presenting a data-driven method to estimate a hand pose from a stereoscopic camera input, by introducing a stochastic approach to propose potential depth solutions to the observed stereo capture and evaluate these proposals using two convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The first CNN, configured in a Siamese network architecture, evaluates how consistent the proposed depth solution is to the observed stereo capture. The second CNN estimates a hand pose given the proposed depth. Unlike sequential approaches that reconstruct pose from a known depth, our method jointly optimizes the hand pose and depth estimation through Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. This way, pose estimation can correct for errors in depth estimation, and vice versa. Experimental results using an inexpensive stereo camera show that the proposed system more accurately measures pose better than competing methods.


Currently, the control and accounting of electricity at 1693 irrigation pumping stations of the Ministry of water management of Uzbekistan is carried out manually, on the basis of which 17 different types of documentation are filled in. This work requires a large amount of time and human resources. This can also be observed at the water and wastewater pumping stations. In this paper, the existing system of accounting for electricity consumption is fully considered on the example of several irrigation pumping stations and one regional management of pumping stations. The organizational structure and the procedure for maintaining documents on accounting and collecting information about the electricity consumed by pumping stations were analyzed. Based on the data obtained, an automated system for monitoring and accounting of electric power at pumping stations has been developed. This system eliminates unauthorized switching on pumping units, theft, or inefficient power consumption. As a result, it reduces the annual electricity consumption of pumping stations, and also reduces labor costs. The payback period for the introduction of an automated system for monitoring and accounting of electric power at pumping stations is 2.5 months.


The paper argues that inclusive growth analytics has a distinct character focusing on both the pace and pattern of growth. Traditionally, poverty and growth analyses have been done separately. This paper describes the conceptual elements for an analytical strategy aimed to integrate these two strands of analyses, and to identify and prioritize the country-specific constraints to sustained and inclusive growth.


The novel ionic ozonide {[N(C4H9)4](O3)}4·4.75NH3 was synthesized by ion-exchange reaction in liquid ammonia. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal diffraction at 100 K (monoclinic space group P21, a = 15.014(11) A, b = 13.696(10) A, c = 19.890(15) A, β = 105.407(12)°, V = 3943(5) A3, Z = 2). The structure consists of a packing of sandwich-like dimeric ion pairs in which two ozonide anions are interspersed between two tetrabutylammonium cations. Ammonia molecules from the solvent are localized in cavities in the structure. They are involved in hydrogen bonding with the ozonide ions. The desolvated tetrabutylammonium ozonide forms stable solutions in dichloromethane which may open up novel possibilities of tapping into the synthetic potential of the ozonide ion.


Freezing gait is an incapacitating symptom often observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. It has been less frequently described in association with multi‐infarct state, multisystem atrophies, and normotensive hydrocephalus. In our movement disorder clinic, we have diagnosed (and followed up to 3 years; median, 16 months), 18 patients in whom progressive freezing gait was the sole neurological dysfunction. These 15 men and 3 women (aged 60−82 years; 74 ± 6) were subjected to an extensive neurological workup that included clinical evaluation, videotaping for grading of gait disability, comprehensive blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mean disease duration was 2.5 ± 1.9 years (range, 0.5−6). Neurological examination disclosed freezing gait, often associated with varying degrees of postural instability. The degree of freezing gait ranged from sudden motor blocks only when confronted with obstacles to severe disability with total inability to start walking requiring a walker, massive assistance, or a wheelchair. However, patients could mimic gait movements with absolutely no freezing when seated or lying prone, and most of them could overcome arrests by the "walking‐over‐lines" maneuver. Otherwise, neurological examination was normal with no signs of bradykinesia, rigidity, or tremor. Blood chemistry and CSF analysis were normal. Brain CT and MRI were normal or showed mild cortical atrophy in 12 and putative lacunes in 6 patients. Therapy with levodopa or dopamine agonists was ineffective. During the follow‐up period, a gradual progression of the freezing gait was observed. However, it remained unaccompanied by any other neurological findings. We therefore conclude that primary progressive freezing gait should be recognized as a distinct neurological entity, unique in its clinical presentation and natural course. The lack of response to levodopa raises the possibility that nondopaminergic pathways might be involved.


The article analyzed the necessity of practice teaching that the UG NX design software will be introduced to "mechanical design" from three respects that problems in traditional teaching,training requirements of "Excellence planning" and development needs of product definition technology.In addition,the implementation process of teaching reform that introduces the UG NX design software to "mechanical design" practice teaching is introduced in detail.Aims at getting student finish course practice not only in 3d software environment,but also simulate product design flow of top-down,obtained better teaching results.The method provides certain reference for this course practice reform.


Classics as a discipline was the bedrock of an elite education in the UK for some time. To some minds, it still holds on to that position, not least because there is a certain mystique and aura around the two dominant languages of early Europe and their literature. The discipline of learning these languages, so the argument went, could improve our ability to analyse questions, and think about our own language, thereby increasing our potential in future life. This sort of intellectual exercise was said to be valuable: by learning a language which we could not actually use in day-to-day life, we could also learn other, modern languages more effectively, and we could sharpen our minds to face the challenges of the world in front of us.


Diamond crystals of 1 μm mean size were grown on (100) silicon substrates by ArF (193 nm) laser ablation of graphite in a hydrogen atmosphere with a laser power density of 1.3×108 W/cm2 at relatively low substrate temperature (450 °C). Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the diamond cubic structure of the crystals by the presence of a sharp peak at 1332 cm−1. When a KrF (248 nm) laser was used instead of the ArF no diamond phases were detected in the deposited films and the Raman spectra showed only the two bands centered at 1340 and 1600 cm−1 characteristic of amorphous carbon. The results demonstrated that the laser wavelength is a determinant parameter in the growth of diamond by laser ablation of graphite.


Automated authentication is a prominent goal in computer vision for personal identification. The demand of automated personal identification system has been increased for sake of security. Due to various cyber-threats, there is a need for an identification system identifying humans without depending on what they possess or remember. Iris recognition is a popular biometric method among the various biometrics traits like fingerprints, hand-geometry, palm-geometry, face, iris, retina, voice, vascular or vein, gait, handwritten signatures, keystrokes, DNA and ear; because it has more accuracy, greater speed and simplicity as compared to other biometric traits. Many researchers worked on the concept of automated iris recognition since 1987 and proposed many powerful algorithms such as Texturevariations based approaches, Phase-based methods (157,158,159), Zero-Crossing representation (160), Texture Analysis (161, 170), and Intensity Variations (171). Among all these algorithms Daugman algorithm is the most relevant and widely used in real applications. But, it fails to handle efficiently the noisy iris images. The aim of this chapter is to propose an effective segmentation technique which deals highly noisy iris images captured on less constrained conditions in non-ideal environments. In this proposed technique, K-Means Clustering, Canny Edge Detection, Circular Hough Transform, etc. are used to deal with different types of noises such as iris obstructions & specular reflection which reduce the error percentage.


The effect of Cyperus esculentus L. oil as a corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion rate of A356.0-type Al-Si-Mg alloy in simulated seawater environment was investigated using gravimetric method. The corrosion rates were studied in different concentrations of Cyperus esculentus L. oil (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g/v) at temperatures of 30, 50, and 70 0 C. The results revealed that Cyperus esculentus L. oil in 3.5% NaCl-aluminium environment decreased the corrosion rate at various concentrations considered. Results also showed that Cyperus esculentus L. oil decreased the corrosion rate of Al-Si-Mg alloy immersion time considered. The minimum inhibition efficiency was obtained at 70 0 C while the maximum inhibition efficiency of 69.97% was achieved with 0.8g/v inhibitor concentration at 30 0 C. Cyperus esculentus L. oil acted as an effective corrosion inhibitor for Al-Si-Mg alloy within the temperature and concentration range studied. The results demonstrated that Cyperus esculentus L. oil adsorbed on the surface of Al-Si-Mg alloy and obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm.


In the past decade, there were cases questioning firm's auditor choice like Enron, Tyco International, and WorldCom. Auditor choice (big 4 vs non-big 4) is a proxy of audit quality which audit fee capable to be proxy too. The research purpose is to analyze the impact of firm ownership type and earnings management to auditor choice and audit fee of nonfinancial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research employed quantitative approach using binary logistic regression for auditor choice and multiple linier regression, Ordinary Least Square method for audit fee. The research sample is 609 firms for auditor choice and 566 firms for audit fee. Our findings show that firm ownership and earnings do not have significant relationship with auditor choice but have significant relationship with audit fee. State owned firm is more likely to pay lower audit fee and firm with higher earnings management will pay higher audit fee. This study examines implications which are firm ownership type only divided to 2 categories (state owned firm and non-state-owned firm), time period of this research is limited for only 3 years (2015 – 2017), and limited control variables to explain the relationship between variables. Keywords—firm ownership type; earnings management; auditor choice; audit fee of non-financial firms; Indonesian stock exchange


With the deepening of elementary education reform, the education of teachers' specialization is paid more and more widespread attention.Its main connotation is strongly reflected in the level of English specialized knowledge,the training of English language skill,and the emotion and attitude towards English specialization.How to raise teachers' specialized knowledge level,train their specialized skill and raise their emotion and attitude are the primary factors of the teachers' specialized education.


In the theory of hypergeometric and generalized hypergeometric series, classical summation theorems such as those of Gauss, Gauss second, Kummer and Bailey for the series 2F1; Watson, Dixon, Whipple and Saalschütz play a key role. Applications of the above mentioned theorems are well known now. For very interesting applications of these theorems, we refer a paper by Bailey [1]. Here we shall mention the following summation theorems that will be required in our present investigation. Gauss summation theorem: [2,3,4]


Activation of IL27 can bind to one of its receptors gp130. This bond is able to regulate the signaling pathway and SOCS3 which plays a role in inhibiting the activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF. In the case of burns, damaged cells potentially secrete the excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1. These cytokines induce a SIRS which leads to sepsis causing multiple organ damage and death. This research aimed at proving the role of IL-27 as an anti-inflammatory to reduce TNF-α expression after severe burns. In this research I used laboratory experimental method. The research design was divided into 3 groups. The dorsal surfaces of mice were shaved to create a full-contact burn on approximately 28% of TBSA. The results of this research proved that IL-27 served as an anti-inflammatory agent through macrophage regulation to inhibit NF-kB activation because IL-27 has a gp 130 receptor which can induce the STAT3 signaling pathway and SOCS3.


The paper presents a short overview of the foundationsof the role-based access control modal model and itsproprieties. In particular,the problem of definition andverification of various types of constraints is analysed.The main benefit of the presented model is that it is basedon the fundamental notions of both enterprisemanagement and information systems access control. Theother important value of the model is the possibility ofautomation of processes and implementation ofmechanisms related to access control on the basis oflogical automated reasoning and the PROLOGprogramming language.


The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of an optical see‐through head‐mounted display (OST‐HMD) to improve ergonomics during ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in the neck region.


The purpose of this paper is present a re ection of the between environmental architecture and the principles of sustainability. Indeed, we will take use the background theories in the environmental sustainability architecture eld. Therefore, we will take the key facts in the architectonic concept. Consequently, it is necessary to know the in uences in architecture of culture, religion, society and the economic system. Certainly architecture has been connecting with nature and humans throughout history, this open the door for sustainability architecture. Those are raisons to research the best relation between architecture and nature. Thus, we used a new methodology to focus into the documentation and studies of the creation in new concepts. Finally, sustainability is use to avoid the environmental damage; moreover, it can be used to change the ecological impact and it should be focus in the three fundamental props of sustainability: socially fair, environmentally healthy and economically viable.


Today, it is common for employers to look at job applicants' credit history before making hiring decisions. Even a cursory look at a popular job-listing website reveals that employers require credit checks for jobs as diverse as doing maintenance work, offering telephone technical support, assisting in an office, working as a delivery driver, selling insurance, laboring as a home-care aide, supervising a stockroom, and scooping frozen yogurt. The Society for Human Resources Management (SHRM) surveyed its members in 2010 and concluded that 60% of them check an employee's credit history when hiring for some or all positions. Yet despite the prevalence of employment credit checks, researchers, policymakers, and employers understand little about what credit checks reveal to employers, their consequences for job applicants, or their overall impact on our society. This Article, drawing on new data from Dēmos's 2012 National Survey on Credit Card Debt in Lowand MiddleIncome Households, addresses these questions and finds substantial evidence that employment credit checks constitute an illegitimate barrier to employment. Dēmos's survey, conducted by national research firm Knowledge Networks between February 7 and March 2, 2012, queried a nationally representative sample of 997 lowand middle-income American households who carry credit


The design of a 95 GHz third-harmonic smooth-bore gyroklystron amplifier utilizing an axis-encircling electron beam is presented. Using a self-consistent simulation code, a parameter search was performed to determine the optimum device characteristics for a gyroklystron operating in the circular TE/sub 31/ mode. For a 70 kV, 5 A electron beam with v/sub /spl perp///v/sub /spl par//=2 and /spl Delta/v/sub z//v/sub z/=10%, the three-cavity gyroklystron is predicted to yield 70 kW with 20% efficiency, 0.2% bandwidth, and a saturated gain of 32 dB. CW operation would yield a tolerable wall loading of 2 kW/cm/sup 2/. >


Adequate intake of macro- and microelements during pregnancy meets the growing needs of a female organism and lays the basis for a child's health. According to the World Health Organization, in malnutrition or chronic health conditions (i. e. gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, hypo-thyroidism etc.) in a pregnant woman, additional intake of essential micronutrients is required. Cochrane Reviews demonstrate that multivitamin supplements reduce the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction and low birthweight. Zinc is a microelement whose adequate intake is of crucial importance. Mild zinc deficiency manifests as recurrent respiratory infections, taste and smell loss, night blindness, impaired spermato-genesis, and (sometimes) mild psoriasis-like dermatitis. Severe zinc deficiency is characterized by more often respiratory infections and more severe skin conditions (e. g., acrodermatitis with erythematous, squamous, vesicular bullous, or pustular rash in perioral and perianal areas), alopecia, persistent diarrhea, stomatitis, and glossitis, growth and developmental delay, and various psychoneurological disorders.Keywords: pregnancy, newborn, infant, vitamin mineral supplement, microelements, zinc, atopic dermatitis, deficiency.For citation: Borovkova E.I., Zaplatnikov A.L., Zhdakaeva E.D. Antenatal micronutrient support is essential for a healthy child. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(2):77–82. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-2-77-82.


Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of upper limb function based on individual problem-solving approach in hemiplegic patients after stroke in terms of reaching speed and upper limb function of affected side as compared with conservative occupational therapy. Methods 25 stroke patients who were hospitalized at rehabilitation center in Gyeonggi-do. And they were divided into an individual problem-solving approach group and a conservative approach group. The average speed of reaching motion and upper limb function before and after the intervention were evaluated. Results The average reaching speed before and after the intervention was statistically significant in experimental group (p<.05), but not statistically significant in the control group (p>.05). Upper limb function before and after the intervention was in significant difference statistically (p<.05) in experimental group, but not statistically significant in control group (p>.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the average reaching speed and UL function between the two groups (p>.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that the UL function based on IPSA improves more than a conservative occupational therapy.


Recent albacore stock assessments indicate that relative to MSY the stock is not overfished nor is overfishing occurring, however, many members of the WCPFC, particularly Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), have expressed concerns in relation to the impact on catch rates, and the economic viability of fleets, of the recent expansion in effort in the southern longline fishery. These concerns are reflected in the recommendations of the 10 meeting of the Scientific Committee with regard to albacore that "longline fishing mortality and longline catches be reduced to avoid further decline in the vulnerable biomass and possibly exceeding the biomass LRP, and so that economically viable catch rates can be maintained." In this study an index of economic conditions in the southern longline fishery is developed in an attempt to obtain a better understanding of historical trends in economic conditions in the fishery and drivers of changes in it.


Since the global revolts of 2011, there has been a wave of tweeting, blogging and theorising regarding the "network effect" on revolutionary movements. This article will critique Manuel Castells' claim that horizontal networked forms of organisation were responsible for the Egyptian revolution in 2011, and that autonomous mass self-communication, facilitated by social media, represents a new model of individual freedom, focusing upon the Egyptian revolution, given its pivotal role in the Arab revolutions. The article argues that the timing of the Egyptian revolution can only be fully understood through a political economy analysis of neoliberalism and capitalist crisis. Equally, the role of traditional social actors and political parties cannot be ignored. Rather than being made redundant by the "network society", traditional collectivist organisation, such as political parties and trade unions, have been essential characters in the Egyptian revolution. Likewise, traditional print media has also played a role in the revolutionary process in Egypt. This article attempts to reorient theoretical discussion to the communicative tools best suited at a particular juncture in the social struggle, rather than fetishizing particular technologies or social formations.


We analyze the reactions gamma+p => M+B, with M B being either K+ Lambda, K+ Sigma0, or pi+ n, within perturbative QCD, allowing for diquarks as quasi-elementary constituents of baryons. The diquark-model parameters and the quark-diquark distribution amplitudes of the baryons are taken from previous investigations of electromagnetic baryon form factors and Compton- scattering off protons. Reasonable agreement with the few existing data at large momentum transfer is achieved if the asymptotic form (c x (1-x)) is chosen for the meson distribution amplitudes.


Gordon Coates (Minister of Public Works and Transport) being welcomed home by members of the cabinet in September 1932, after his return from the Imperial Economic Conference in Ottawa, Canada. From left: Charles Macmillan, Apirana Ngata, Robert Masters, James Young, John Cobbe, Coates, unidentified, E A Ransom, Prime Minister George Forbes, William Stewart, unidentified. Photograph taken by an unidentified Evening Post staff photographer.
Coates was leader of New Zealand's delegation to the Conference.
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print 16.4 x 21.5 cm


The binding of AS RNase and CM-AS RNase to leukaemic cells from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia was detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Leucocytes from normal donors or from patients with other hemoblastoses did not bind RNase. Experiments with lymphocytes from leukaemic patients and the lymphoblastoid cell lines in tissue culture revealed that both AS RNase solutions are probably bound mainly to leukaemic B lymphocytes.


Introduction: The Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by external dimorphism, short stature and delayed puberty in the majority of patients. Objective: To study the main initial complaint. Patients and method: Review on 44 medical records with diagnosis of Turner syndrome confirmed by karyotipe analysis. Age at diagnosis and initial complaint were the information collected. Results: The ages at diagnosis varied from pre-natal period until 20 years of age; the main complaint was short stature (57%). All children under the age of 5 had dimorphism as the only complaint. In childhood and adolescence, short stature, delayed puberty or both were the main complaints. Conclusion: Short stature is the main feature (especially between 10 and 15 years old), either isolated or associated to other complaints. In adolescence deficient growth and delayed puberty become more evident, promoting the search for medical care.


ABSTRACT TABS: Aids for Ending Sexism in School was a journal founded by Lucy Picco Simpson and the Organization for Equal Education of the Sexes. Attention to this publication sheds light on feminist activism as it transformed in the wake of Title IX legislation in the late 1970s and 1980s. In examining the journal's ability to facilitate networking, production, and accountability, we gain greater insight into how teachers and students were able to question normative messages about race, gender, class, and ability in educational materials and diversify the range of historical figures discussed in schools.


The purpose of the essay was to describe the use of drugs among adolescents in Sweden. Special emphasis has been laid on the differences between boys and girls. Central questions were: How to define drug abuse among adolescents? In what way has the use of drugs changed over time? Does the use of drugs differ between boys and girls? In what ways? The study was based entirely on secondary data. Although the problem of adolescent drug abuse has been a well-known problem since the 1960's there still does not exist any systems for diagnosis and no guidelines for standardized classifications. The results, based mainly on three different studies carried out in Stockholm 1967, 1979/80 and 1988, showed that the age of first use of drugs has decreased since 1967. The use of injecting drugs has become more uncommon. Cannabis has, over the years, been the most frequently used drug but it has also been very common to use several different substances simultaneously. All studies showed differences between girls and boys. Girls more often injected drugs and also used heavier drugs then boys. Differences were found in the way girls and boys were brought up. Boys were allowed more freedom and girls were more supervised. Criminality was more common and graver among boys.


In this paper, an impedance discontinuities localization for the nuclear control cable using the time-frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR) is proposed. By analyzing characteristics of the target cable, the reference signal is designed. To be prepared for on-voltage experiment, the reference signal is injected into the target cable via capacitive coupler. Using the Wigner distribution, the reflected signal from the impedance discontinuities is analyzed in time-frequency domain. To estimate instantaneous frequency (IF) of the signal, the Wigner-Hough Transform (WHT) is applied to the nuclear cable. Through the estimating time delay between the IF of the reference signal and that of the reflected signal, the impedance discontinuities localization can be measured. The experiment using the TFDR is carried out to localize the impedance discontinuities spot as the end of target cable. Through the experiment, the performance of the proposed TFDR system is verified.


As a basic and important part in the traditional Chinese culture,the filial piety culture affects profoundly the Chinese people's moral mentality and behavior practice.But in the rural areas,in the process of rapid social transformation,our traditional filial piety culture has changed a lot.This paper explaines the views on the filial piety,including its meaning,construction,characteristics and significance in building a harmonious society,and discusses the basic methods to recover and re-construct a new filial piety culture,thus to promote the building of new socialist countryside and constructing of harmonious society.


Mill takes the achievement and guarantee of individual rights as the first be-all and end-all and treats 'priority of utility' as the first principle of justice. He maintains that the central content and essential foundation of justice is utility, that the essence of justice is individual rights grounded on utilitarian principles, and that the aim of justice is the greatest happiness of the majority of people. In terms of the realities of the development of market economy, Mill indicates that appropriate intervention of government has important effect on the achievement of economy justice. These thoughts penetrate into various aspects of western culture and social lives, have enormous guiding effect on western countries, and possess significant value of being used for reference when we research into problems of economy justice of society in China.


A hybrid switched optical network based on service plane is proposed for improving the adaptability of optical network.Service plane can choose different switch mode according with service type.Optical burst switching(OBS) is chosen for burst and packet-oriented services;while optical circuit switching(OCS) is chosen for the services requiring high bandwidth and guaranteed quality of service(QoS).Analyses and simulation results show that the model is valid,and the performance of network can be improved.


Abstract Studies of disability movements have centred on exploring how movements have emerged and how their strategies have been devised to effectively advocate for the rights of the people with disabilities they represent. However, little attention has been focused on examining their organisational contexts and how they shape ideologies and choice of strategies, which have implications for the success of their advocacy endeavours. This article seeks to contribute to knowledge in this area by studying the case of a disabled people's organisation in Cambodia. The resource dependency of disabled people's organisations on international development partners results in their ideologies and strategies being driven by the latter. This has not only fragmented their resources, but also made their endeavours less relevant to the needs of people with disabilities. This may act to prevent such organisations from building a common ground for collective action, and from effectively pressing for social change.


This work examined response of Masakwa cultivars of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to root knot nematode (Meloidogynejavanica) in the screen house of Crop Protection Department, ModibboAdama University of Technology, Yola. It was to find out the effect of M. javanica on growth and transplanting age of the Masakwa cultivars. Six cultivars of Masakwa were collected from Borno and Adamawa States farmers and they are named as Ex-bama1, Ex-bama2 and Ex-bama3 in Borno State while Ex-Damare1, Ex-Damare2 and Ex-Damare3 in Adamawa State. All the six cultivars were planted in 15cm diameter pots containing sterilized soil. Each cultivar was planted in two pots (i.e 12 pots) and one of each was inoculated with M. javanica and the other left uninoculated. This was replicated three times giving 36 pots arranged in a complete randomized design. Data were collected on plant growth parameters, M. javanica J2 count/100g of soil and root gall index, then analysed statistically. The results indicated that all the six cultivars were susceptible to M. javanica infection. There was no significant difference (P= 0.05) among the cultivars in number of J2/100gm of soil and galling index. However, the number of juveniles/1gm of roots had significant difference (P=0.05) with ExDamare 1 having 1195 J2/1gm of roots being significantly higher than that of Ex-Bama 1 which recorded 343 j2/1gm of roots. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 15-12-2016 Date of acceptance: 14-08-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


The selection of triodes, and especially multigrid vacuum tubes, for specific applications may be systematized so that an immediate choice may be made of suitable tubes. The relation of screen-to-plate transconductance to the more commonly used tube parameters is indicated.


From international nuclear industries fair; Basel, Switzerland (16 Oct 1973). The developments that have taken place on graphite in the United Kingdom in order to meet both the demands placed on it by more advanced reactor types and the increase in knowledge about its behavior under irradiation are described. (7 references) (auth)


The ANSI B133.7 Turbine Fuel Procurement Standards Committee carried out a unique survey of the technical outlook and availability of synthetic liquid fuels for gas turbines. The 55 survey response showed that developers of synthetic fuel processes, gas turbine manufacturers, and various support groups, government agencies, and users are actively planning for future synthetic fuels. 8 refs.


The adaptive significance of some aspects of the reproductive biology of egg laying reptiles is considered. Experimental evidence is provided that at the moment of egg laying the embryo of Testudo graeca ibera Pallas, 1814 and Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Dwigubsky, 1832) already have the necessary level of steadiness to the ambient temperature. This means the adaptive sense of the egg laying timed to specific stages of the embryo development. In T. g. ibera, even postponed egg laying by females for some time (1 5 days) causes no changes in the embryo development. Some interspecific morphological variability in the embryo development by the egg laying stage has been found, which allows these species to retain their strategy of reproduction in all parts of their habitat.


This paper attempts to discuss 'Quality Assurance in Teacher Education in Nigeria'. This is with the view to discuss quality assurance in Teacher Education generally and quality assurance in Teacher Education in Nigeria specifically. The discussion was in philosophical perspective, thus the method of research involves philosophical analysis which includes logical, linguistic, expository and critical analyses. It was found that Teacher Education involves the education of Teachers for the acquisition of various levels of knowledge, understanding and disposition towards the development of the society. It was also found that Teacher Education involves education of Teachers in various areas of specialization and various professions. Quality assurance in Teacher education would involve ensuring education for balanced development of the learner and progressively specialized/ professional development of the learner towards balanced development of the society and specialized/professional development of the society. Teacher education in Nigeria is found to be good in content but not so good in terms of learning environment which in turn affects the quality of Teacher education and the quality of development of the society. It is therefore recommended that the learning environment be drastically improved upon for quality assurance in Teacher education and in turn quality assurance in the development of the society.


Piracatinga, Calophysus macropterus Lichtenstein, was not exploited in Brazil until the early 2000s, when fish pressure increased markedly due to growing demands. The methods for capturing piracatinga involve the use of caiman and dolphin carcasses as bait; and the growing organization of the hunting and marketing of these animals raises concern. This study describes the production chain of piracatinga fishing in the region of the middle Solim~oes River, in Brazilian Amazonia. It was conducted in 19 local communities of the Mamirau a Reserve; data were collected from 50 individuals involved in the activity, divided into eight categories within the production chain. The production of piracatinga reaches its peak in the first months of the closed season for other fishes. The average profit margins of the activity between 2011 and 2013 were higher than those of other artisanal fishing activities, but they varied from 38% of losses by event to profits of 90%. The use of corrals and baits from aquatic vertebrates in piracatinga fishing are exclusive to this activity. It is important to develop participatory and sustainable options, such as the use of commercial fishes as bait or the engagement of the people involved in legal activities. K E Y W O R D S : Amazonia, artisanal fishing, caimans, local populations, marketing, river dolphins. Correspondence: Robinson Botero-Arias, Mamirau a Institute, Caiman Research in Conservation and Management Program, Tef e, Amazonas, Brazil (e-mail: email@example.com) [Correction added on 8 March 2016, after first Online publication on 5 February 2016; The Acknowledgments lacked data and has been corrected in this current Online version.] © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd doi: 10.1111/fme.12160 Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2016, 23, 109–118 109 Fisheries Management and Ecology


Achillea species have been used for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, spasmolytic, hemostatic, digestive and cholagogue effects in Turkish folk medicine. In order to evaluate their folkloric utilization, both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of five Achillea species including Achillea wilhelmsii C.Koch, A. setacea Waldst&Kit, A. vermicularis Trin., A. phrygia Boiss.&Bal. and A. sipikorensis Hausskn. et Borm. were investigated. For the antinociceptive activity, p-benzoquinoneinduced writhing test and for the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice were employed. The ethanol extracts of A. wilhelmsii, A. setacea and A. vermicularis showed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity at 500 mg/kg dose, per os, without inducing any apparent acute toxicity as well as gastric damage. A. phrygia was shown to possess only significant antinociceptive activity, on the other hand A. sipikorensis did not show any remarkable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity.


This paper provides a critical review on the major models of speech perception in second language (L2) acquisition. It is argued that some new models, such as L2LP and ASP, have more explanatory power for L2 speech perception. However, due to the different theoretical frameworks, objectives and hypotheses in these models, it is difficult to integrate these models into one which is universally applicable. Although most of these models were proposed for accounting for the perception of L2 segments, they can also be applied in the perception of L2 prosody. When these models are used in examining L2 speech prosody, the prosodic systems of both L1 and L2 should be thoroughly investigated first.


Tendinosis is a chronic degenerative condition. Current research suggests both percutaneous needle tenotomy (PNT) and leukocyte‐rich platelet‐rich plasma (LR‐PRP) may be effective treatments for chronic tendinosis, but no studies have assessed the effectiveness of PNT alone versus PNT with intratendinous LR‐PRP for multiple tendon types in a single study.


This article discusses a distributed collaborative design about combined machine. The priority relates to system skeleton of CORBA-based distributed collaborative design and three kinds of key technologies about collaborative project management, calculation and simulation, data visiting. Especially, a distributed inter-operated method is explained detailedly.


Selective-area growth of III-V nanopillars (NPs) is used to demonstrate near-infrared emitters that employ a composite axial/core-shell heterostructure. The axial p-i-n heterostructure allows growth of strain relaxed InGaAs inserts emitting at 1.3 μm. Radial growth of an InGaP shell provides in-situ surface passivation to reduce non-radiative recombination and space-charge limited transport due to mid-gap surface states. The resulting light-emitting diode is comparable to bulk devices with an ideality factor of η = 1.67 and reverse bias leakage of 12 nA at −5 V. This device performance makes the combination of axial current injection with in-situ passivation a promising approach to NP based emitters.


This is a report to document a series of tests performed using the new transverse
vortex generator rig in the 1.15 m x 0.85 m wind tunnel. Results were acquired with
a hot wire anemometer system using single and cross wire probes. A strong vortex
velocity field was measured which confirmed the success of the vortex generation
technique and provided information about the gross features of the flow. The data
indicated that an interaction occurred between the vortex core and the hot wire
probe. This interaction manifested itself as variations in vortex core measurements
which one would not expect without probe interference. While an interaction was
present when measuring close to the core region, outside the core region the probe
had little effect on vortex dynamics. This allowed analysis of vortex geometry and
an estimation of the vortex wandering amplitude in the test section. Mechanisms of
vortex/probe interaction were also considered and are discussed in the report. Wake
curvature was measured using differently spaced single and cross wire probes. This
data was compared with a computational model of the vortex generator wake and
shows good agreement.


Objectives: This paper presents software reliability apportionment using fuzzy logic. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed methodology attempts to allocate target reliability to its modules. For calculation of reliability, the first step is to aggregate the opinion of all team members of ith module. Second step is to calculate proportionality factor of the software system. Defuzzify the Fuzzy Proportionality Factor by using defuzzification formula. After obtaining crisp values, we have to calculate weightage of each module. Based on weightage, reliability of each module is calculated. Findings: Operational Profile is one of the main parameters for making effective testing and improved reliability by testing most used functions in first phase and lesser used function in next phase. Comparing with the previous result, reliability has been improved. Application/Improvements: It helps to allocate reliability to all modules before the actual system is built. Also it considers Operational Profile as a parameter in proportionality factor, which helps to allocate reliability to most used modules, therefore making reliability apportionment beneficial for every module.


Abstract : It has been established that explants of cotyledons and genuine leaves of cotton react to defoliants in ways similar to whole plants. In relation to this it may be assumed that explants of cotton can be used as test objects for an initial estimate of the defoliating activity of various compounds on cotton. (Author)


The public sector is to provide government services with an ethical manner and full of integrity. However, frontline newspaper and online media have widely reported that unethical diseases have contaminated the public sector. Many fraud and corruption cases involving top and medium management of the public sector were real and these were proven through the accusation and arrestment made by Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. These blunders have increased high concern among the public and international society because it harms the public sector and may cause a bad image to the ruler government. Thus, the objectives of this study are to explore the five elements of public sector ethical self-identity precautionary and to propose the Organizational Ethical Self-Identity Precautionary Model in enhancing ethical accountability of the Malaysian Public Sector. This study employed qualitative research by analyzing data from interviews with key informers of the public sector using conceptual content analysis. The study revealed five elements of Organizational Ethical Self-Identity Precautionary Model which are ethical leadership (8 attributes), ethical employees (9 attributes), spirituality encouragement (6 attributes), spirituality acceptance (6 attributes) and code of ethical conduct (5 attributes). These identified elements and their attributes should become the ethical identity and ethical direction of the Malaysian Public Sector. This would enhance the ethical accountability of Malaysia Public Sector which further improved the trust among Malaysian and the international community towards the governance of the public sector.


Food and drinking water are the principal routes of exposure to arsenic (As) for humans. More than 50 different naturally occurring As-containing compounds have been identified. Regarding the toxicological aspects of arsenic in food, inorganic arsenic (iAs, (arsenite or As(III) and arsenate or As(V)) is considered to be the most dangerous form and is classified as a nonthreshold, class 1 human carcinogen. The organic forms are mainly considered to be non-toxic. Therefore, species-dependent differences in toxicity must be considered when establishing the maximum tolerated levels in food directives. Recently, maximum levels have been fixed for iAs in rice and rice products in EU legislation. Scientific opinions on arsenic in food were issued by the European Food Safety Authority and the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, focusing on dietary iAs exposure. Both reported the urgent need for further data on As species, particularly iAs data, in food groups that provide a significant contribution to the dietary exposure to iAs. As a general recommendation, dietary exposure to iAs should be reduced. Furthermore, the organisations also called upon further initiatives towards development of validated methods for specific and selective determination of inorganic arsenic in various types of foodstuffs.

In view of the above, the main goal of this thesis was to develop and validate robust analytical methodology for the determination of iAs as well as other arsenic species in foodstuffs. As external quality control of the validated methods, the validated methods were tested participating in feasibility studies for the preparation of Certified Reference Materials with certified arsenic species and in proficiency tests for iAs determination The proposed methodology was applied to rice and rice products, infant cereals, cereal-based food, seaweeds, mushrooms, fish, bivalves and crustaceans, providing reliable results in response to demands made by international safety agencies. Additionally, daily dietary exposure to tAs and iAs intake to assess the toxicological implications of the ingestion of the selected foodstuffs was estimated.
The main conclusions derived from the work conducted in this doctoral thesis are summarized as follows:

- The proposed speciation method was successfully validated according to the ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard, is sensitive and selective and could be considered fit for purpose, i.e. iAs determination in food. This method is straightforward enough for routine analysis for the determination of toxic iAs and other arsenic species in several foodstuffs, even in challenging matrices such as those of marine origin. Furthermore, since maximum limits of iAs in rice and rice products have recently been established by the European Union, the method could be useful in food control laboratories.

- Based on our results on marine foods, wide variability in arsenic species can be expected when dealing with seafood such as seaweeds, bivalves and crustaceans, highlighting the need to carry out speciation to discern the toxic from the non-toxic species. On the other hand, only toxic iAs species were found in cereal products and iAs was the major As compound found in rice products, highlighting the importance of these food groups as a possible source of iAs in rice and cereal-based diets.

- All arsenic speciation data obtained in this thesis are useful for assessing the daily intake of arsenic in the Catalan population. Furthermore, these results may contribute to on-going discussions regarding establishing and implementing maximum levels in inorganic arsenic in food commodities, as recommended within the European Union.

- The average estimated iAs daily intake in the adult Catalan population is below the EFSA and JECFA BMDL ranges, but given the ratio between iAs intake and some BMDL for distinct end points, the possibility of risk for high consumers of rice and rice products cannot be excluded.


This paper studies the effect of security-motivated trade restrictions on economic activity and political violence. We exploit the 2008 restrictions imposed by Israel on imports of selected goods to the West Bank as a quasi-experiment. We show that after 2008 (i) output and wages decrease differentially in manufacturing sectors that use restricted materials more intensively as production inputs, (ii) wages decrease in localities where employment is more concentrated in these sectors, and (iii) episodes of political violence are more likely to occur in these localities. This differential effect accounts for 16% of violent events that occurred in the West Bank from 2008 to 2012.


The paper presents an efficient technique to compensate for phase dispersion of the elementary power amplifiers in a radial power divider/combiner. A power combiner structure is very sensitive to the phase mismatch between ways which cause degradation of the power combining efficiency. The technique is applied to a 16-way divider/combiner designed for Solid State Power Amplifiers in the K band. The 16-way structure consists of a radial non-resonant cavity connected to 8 peripheral rectangular waveguides with two waveguide-to-microstrip transitions inserted in each peripheral waveguide. Each individual way can be adjusted separately by mechanical sliding of the tray that supports the amplification module. The phase compensation technique was validated with a passive 16-way divider/combiner using trays with different lengths of the microstrip lines to simulate phase mismatch between ways. Finally, a 2-way active module with two combined MMICs has also been tested with 33 dBm output power at 19 GHz.


Haraway, Donna. 2008. When Species Meet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Neimanis, Astrida, Cecilia Asberg, and Suzi Hayes. 2015. "Post-humanist Imaginaries." In Handbook for Climate Governance, edited by Eva Lovbrand and Karin Backstrom, 481–490. Edward Elgar. Seymour, Nicole. 2013. "Down with People: Queer Tendencies and Troubling Racial Politics in Antinatalist Discourse." In International Perspectives in Feminist Ecocriticism, edited by Simon Estok, Greta Gaard, and Serpil Oppermann, 203–220. New York: Routledge. Todd, Zoe. 2015. "Indigenizing the Anthropocene." In Art in the Anthropocene: Encounters Among Aesthetics, Politics, Environment and Epistemology, edited by Heather Davis and Etienne Turpin, 241–254. London: Open Humanities Press. Yusoff, Katherine. 2015. "Queer Coal: Genealogies in/of the Blood." Philosophia 5 (2): 203–229.


The apparent dynamic coefficient of friction (μdapp) for a mixture of corn grits and peanut flour, corn flour, corn grits and rice grits was determined under high pressure. A friction device was developed depending on applying heavy loads ranging from 1 kgf up to 15 kgf force to act on a food materials sliding surface very close to one square centimeter, to create this demanded high pressure values. The μdapp was determined at three levels of moisture content (MC) 15, 18 and 21% and six levels of normal load (Nl) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 kg. The values of μdapp for corn flour and the mixture of corn grits and peanut flour ranged from 0.604 to 0.982. Meanwhile, the values of μdapp for corn grits, rice grits ranged from 0.423 to 0.805. Two mathematical equations were derived to predict the value of μdapp as a function of both the raw material MC and the Nl imposed it. A third mathematical equation was also developed to predict the value of μdapp as a function of raw material MC, its contents of protein, fat and carbohydrates and the Nl imposed on it. The three mathematical


Seaweed is a sustainable source of marine oligosaccharides that potentially could be used as a prebiotic ingredient for functional food development. The study aims to optimize the oligosaccharide preparation through thermal hydrolysis of an under-utilized red seaweed, Eucheuma denticulatum. Response surface methodology (RSM) applying Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used on three parameters including temperature (105–135 °C), hydrolysis time (15–35 min) and sulfuric acid concentration (0.05–0.2 M). Optimized fractions with good prebiotic activity were characterized using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Eucheuma denticulatum oligosaccharides fraction 1 (ED-F1) was shown to promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota including Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis and B. longum with the highest prebiotic activity score of 1.64 ± 0.17. The optimization studies showed that hydrolysis time was the most significant parameter for the oligosaccharides yield. Optimal hydrolysis conditions for ED-F1 were 120 °C, 21 min, 0.12 M H2SO4 with the highest yield achieved (11.15 g/100 g of dry weight). The molecular weight of ED-F1 was determined at 1025 Da while FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of sulfated oligosaccharides with similar characteristics of i-carrageenan. These findings signify the innovative method for the efficient production of seaweed derived prebiotic oligosaccharides, which could be a promising source of functional food ingredients for the development of health foods and beverages.


The invention discloses a tandem-type organic light-emitting diode, an array substrate, and a display device, relates to the technical field of display, and solves a problem that the tandem-type organic light-emitting diode needs higher driving voltage during lighting. The tandem-type organic light-emitting diode comprises an anode, a hole transmission layer, a first light-emitting layer, a first charge generation layer, a second charge generation layer, a third charge generation layer, a fourth charge generation layer, a second light-emitting diode, an electron transmission layer, and a cathode, wherein the anode, the hole transmission layer, the first light-emitting layer, the first charge generation layer, the second charge generation layer, the third charge generation layer, the fourth charge generation layer, the second light-emitting diode, the electron transmission layer and the cathode are sequentially stacked. The first charge generation layer is an N-type bulk heterojunction, and the second and third charge generation layers are respectively a PN-type bulk heterojunction. The proportion of a P-type organic material in the second charge generation layer is greater than the proportion of an N-type organic material, and the proportion of a P-type organic material in the third charge generation layer is less than the proportion of an N-type organic material. The fourth charge generation layer is a P-type bulk heterojunction. The tandem-type organic light-emitting diode provided by the invention is used in the display device.


Studies on the rice leaf folder population dynamics revealed that the moth numbers were higher in the month of October, exhibiting the peak activity in the first week, followed by September. The correlation studies between light trap and net sweep collection with weather parameters on population build up showed that maximum, minimum temperatures and R.H. at morning were highly significant. Maximum and minimum temperatures had negative impact on population build up. However, the R.H. at morning had a positive impact. The correlation between net sweep and light trap collection was very high (0.866), showing that either of them was enough to monitor the leaf folder population under field conditions.


This review covers 24 projects started or completed in the 1990s in SSA that include assistance for technical- vocational education and training (TVET). The review of Bank experience with TVET projects forms part of a larger review of TVET in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). The results are presented in two parts: the main report, and a companion set of five case studies. The review compares Regional support for TVET over the last decade with recommendations in the Bank's 1991 Policy Paper on TVET. The review is based on a desk study of Bank documents, complemented by staff interviews.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate how asset risk (i.e. the risk that the value of the leased asset loses unexpectedly most of its value at the end of the contract) is measured and hedged. Design/methodology/approach - The evaluation of the lease contract is achieved by applying the theory of option pricing as the lessor is the writer of a call option on the leased asset. A sensitivity analysis on some parameters is performed. Findings - The paper disentangles the components of the profit of a lease contract and allows to choose the optimal final purchase price. This lets the lessor hedge against asset risk. Research limitations/implications - The paper's result can be extended by considering more complex options (such as American or exotic ones) into the lease contract. Practical implications - Results in the paper allow for a more flexible and efficient management of lease contracts where both parties benefit under an economic and a financial point of view. Originality/value - This is believed to be the first paper that applies derivative evaluation to the analysis of lease contracts.


Image analysis applications are usually composed of a set of graphic objects, a set of image processing algorithms, and a graphic user interface (GUI). Typically, developing an image analysis application is time-consuming and the developed programs are hard to maintain. We have developed a framework called IMANAL that aims at reducing the development costs by improving system maintainability, design change flexibility, component reusability, and human-computer interaction. IMANAL decomposes an image analysis application into three models; data model, process model, and GUI model. The three models as well as the collaboration among them are standardized into a unified system architecture. A new application can be developed rapidly by customizing task- specific building blocks within the unified architecture. IMANAL maintains a class library of more than 100,000 lines of C/C++ code that are highly reusable for creating the three above mentioned models. Software components from other sources such as Khoros can also be easily included in the applications. IMANAL was used for development of image analysis applications utilizing a variety of medical images such as x-ray coronary angiography, intracardiac, intravascular and brachial ultrasound, and pulmonary CT. In all the above listed applications, the development overhead is removed and the developer is able to fully focus on the image analysis algorithms. IMANAL has proven to be a useful tool for image analysis research as well as the prototype development tool for commercial image analysis applications.