For years it has been recognized that glial tumors vary in histologic structure. Of this heterogeneous group, Strauss and Globus called attention to one type first called spongioblastoma and later spongioblastoma multiforme. In their report 1 in 1918, they stressed the frequently sudden onset of symptoms, the unusually rapid progress and the fatal termination and reviewed the past varying conceptions of the histology and derivation of brain tumors. The histologic features were summarized as: (1) the neuro-epithelial character of the dominating type of cells; (2) the presence of well defined spongioblasts and ependyma cells; (3) the syncytial structure alternating with reticular interlacement of cell processes, and (4) the marked proliferative tendencies. Clinically, this type of case offers much difficulty in diagnosis with the sudden onset, variable symptomatology and rapid progress, as evidenced in a number of cases here reported and reviewed, in some of which, particularly, the rapidity of the


How should African novelists deal with African history? A Nigerian writer describes how his recent historical novel was cut because it was too politically explosive.


Glucocorticoids (GC) are frequently used important drugs in clinical practice of pediatrics. As well as, they have important physiologic functions; they have immune suppressive, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects that they exert on primary and secondary immune cells, tissues and organs. Their therapeutic effects are considered to be mediated by four different mechanisms of action: the classical genomic mechanism of action caused by the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor (cGR); secondary non-genomic effects which are also initiated by the cGR; membrane-bound glucocorticoid receptor (mGR)-mediated non-genomic effects and finally non-specific, non-genomic effects caused by interactions with cellular membranes. Mechanisms of GR action are transactivation (GR binds to a related element in the promoter region of GC sensitive genes, inducing gene transcription) and transrepression (GR binds to a negative related element in a promoter region of GC-regulated genes that inhibit gene transcription by interfering with the binding of activating transcription factors). The underlying molecular mechanisms for their side effects are complex and frequently only partly understood. Recent data suggest that certain side effects are predominantly mediated via transactivation (e.g., diabetes, glaucoma), whereas others are predominantly mediated via transrepression (e.g., suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis). In this review, we aimed to look at new molecular mechanisms of effects and side effects in relationship with apoptosis and caveolin, intracellular transport and endoplasmic reticulum stress, resistance mechanisms and new drugs developed based on these topics of GCs.


Competence-based approach to study process is frequently discussed topic among academicians, learners and government authorities due to its practical contribution to better graduates' employment abilities. The aim of the given study is to identify teaching methods with the biggest contribution to development of students' competencies. Bachelor level students of management-based study courses were surveyed in order to evaluate the progress in acquiring certain management competencies. Self-evaluation study was performed before and after the course. The acquired data was processed and the contribution of analysed teaching methods to competencies' development was assessed.


This paper presents estimates of union-non-union wage differentials in Canadian manufacturing industries. The structure of a wage equation, derived from the aggregation process underlying industry average wages, allows us to construct the differentials. In estimating the wage equation, particular attention is given to the issue of correct specification of both the wage equation and the structure of the differentials. Whether the wage equation is treated as a structural equation or as the outcome of an aggregation process significantly affects the results. Proper treatment of omitted variables is also shown to be important. Further, the evidence indicates that the differentials must be estimated under the assumption that they vary across both skill groups and industries. Our estimate of the average union-non-union wage differential is 15.8 per cent. La grandeur et la structure des differentiels de salaires entre secteurs syndiques et non-syndiques dans l'industrie canadienne. Cet article pr6sente certaines 6valuations des differentiels de salaires entre secteurs syndiqu6 et non-syndiqu6 dans les industries manufacturieres canadiennes. La structure de l'6quation de salaire construite a partir du processus d'agr6gation qui sous-tend les taux de salaires moyens permet de d6finir des diff6rentiels. Une attention toute particuliere a 6t6 apport6e h la sp6cification correcte de l'6quation de salaire et de la structure des diff6rentiels. Il appert que le fait de d6finir l'6quation comme une equation structurelle ou comme le r6sultat d'un processus d'agregation a des effets d6terminants sur la nature des resultats. Il semble qu'il soit important de s'occuper des variables omises dans l'analyse et de faire l'estimation des diff6rentiels en postulant qu'ils varient h la fois entre groupes de travailleurs de qualification diverse et entre secteurs industriels. On 6value le diff6rentiel moyen de salaire entre secteur syndique et secteur non-syndiqu6 a 15.8 pour-cent. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The size of the union-non-union wage differential is a topic which has reThe authors are indebted to the members of the University of Western Ontario Labour Workshop, The Editor and the referees of this JOURNAL for helpful comments. Kevin B. Kerr and Guy Bridgeman provided able research assistance. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'Economique, XIV, No. 2 May/mai 1981. Printed in Canada/Imprime au Canada. 0008-4085 / 81 / 0000-0216 $01.50 (?) 1981 Canadian Economics Association This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Tue, 21 Jun 2016 07:11:34 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Union-non-union wage differentials / 217 ceived considerable attention in the United States and United Kingdom.' Less effort has been expended on its measurement for Canada.2 In this paper we estimate the size of the union-non-union wage differential in Canada and comment on its structure. The equation we estimate is derived from the aggregation process used to compute average wage rates. Six annual observations (1971-6) on each of thirty manufacturing industries make up the data. Estimation is undertaken utilizing techniques appropriate for dealing with the econometric difficulties arising from the simultaneity of union coverage and wage rates, and the lack of data on many relevant variables. There are a number of interesting general results. First, simple regressions of log wages on the available variables typically yield an estimated average wage differential in excess of 50 per cent!3 If the equation is derived instead from the aggregation process, the estimated average differential is less than 20 per cent. These overall results are insensitive to specification changes within the two types of specifications. Second, the treatment of omitted variables appears to be crucial for estimating the structure of the union-non-union wage differential. Ignoring the omitted variable problem yields an estimated average differential of 9.7 per cent, while appropriate treatment of omitted variables produces one of 15.8 per cent. Even larger differences are obtained for the underlying averages by skill group. Without correction for omitted variables the average differentials are 133.8 per cent, 10.4 per cent and -6.7 per cent for skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers respectively. With a correction for omitted variables, the corresponding figures are 58.1 per cent, 1.5 per cent and 29.0 per cent. Third, we find that the null hypothesis that the union-non-union differential is constant across either skill groups or industries, or both, must be rejected at any reasonable level of significance. These results lead us to conclude that (1) it is essential that the estimating equation be carefully specified by making use of as much a priori information as possible, (2) the omnipresent omitted variables problem is particularly important in this regard, and (3) average union-non-union differentials must be estimated on the assumption that they are comprised of differentials that vary by skill and industry. More specific results are that (1) increases in labour' s share of value added in an industry raises the differential for all skill groups; (2) at least for the semi-skilled, unions provide smaller wage gains for women than for men; (3) for skilled and semi-skilled workers, increasing union coverage lowers the 1 A summary is provided by Parsley (1980). 2 The existing efforts are Kumar (1972), Starr (1973), Evans and MacDonald (1976), and Maki and Christensen (1979). Grant and Vanderkamp (1980) also provide an estimate of the average differential as a by-product of their study on migration. 3 The standard approach generally boils down to performing such a regression, from which an estimate of the average union-non-union differential is obtained as exp (0) 1, where A& is the estimated coefficient of union coverage. A notable exception, which we take as a starting point, is the work of Rosen (1969). This content downloaded from 220.127.116.11 on Tue, 21 Jun 2016 07:11:34 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 218 / Glenn M. MacDonald and John C. Evans differential; for the unskilled, the opposite occurs; and (4) the conventional wisdom that the differential shrinks when the rate of inflation rises, as a result of contract-induced rigidity in union wages, is given some support. In the next section we derive an equation relating industry average wage rates to observable variables. The section following considers simultaneity and omitted variable problems in greater detail. Discussion then turns to the data and estimates. The paper concludes with some reservations.


therapies. Due to the practical or concrete nature of rural clients, she suggests working in a behavioral manner, conceptualizing therapy as learning self-management skills. In addition to this, Thorngren (2003) recommends that therapists involve their rural clients in mutual problem solving endeavors. Harnessing the tendency toward sufficiency and creativity in rural clients, it is important to make them feel empowered and less stigmatized by mental health issues. She suggests taking a more educative role in terms of explaining connections between the mind and body, and helping clients determine the best courses of action. It was mentioned earlier that rural clients have generally learned to not express emotions. Slama suggests that after validating the client's reasons for such learning, it may then be useful for therapists to help clients learn an emotional vocabulary and give emotional expression exercises to practice between sessions. She notes that some clients (especially men) may be resistant to such strategies, in which case it may be more useful to stick with behavioral therapies. When working with clients who are depressed or have low self-esteem, therapists have to be aware of several things. First, rural conceptions of good mental health often refer to one being able to work or fulfill their productive roles (Weinert and Long, 1987). As a result, the conception of depression may be less likely tied to an emotional state. Slama noted that rural clients often adhere closely to the value of selfabnegation; positive self-statements are perceived as boasting, and positive thoughts about oneself are equated with the sin of pride or being conceited. Therefore, when doing self-esteem work with rural clients, it may be useful for the therapist to differentiate between boasting to others and learning to be realistic with oneself about one's positive aspects and abilities.


A major maintenance cost associated with timber construction is the repair of structural members in which checking, cracking, and splitting have occurred, in particular, near bolted joint connections. The use of pressure injected epoxy to repair damaged timber connections has potential as a viable alternative to current repair procedures. To investigate the structural behavior of epoxy-repaired timber connections, a series of experimental studies were conducted to determine: (1) Epoxy-to-wood bond characteristics; and (2) behavior of epoxy-repaired bolted timber connections. Bond tests in both tension and shear showed that the epoxy-to-wood bond is at least as high as the allowable stress in the timber. Tension and bending tests of simple bolted joint connections were even more significant. Using a procedure of loading a defect-free joint to failure, repairing the joint by the epoxy injection method, and reloading the joint to failure, it was found that a 30%-60% increase in strength is obtained, and the stiffness of the joint is increased.


Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT) is one of the most frequent tumors of the newborn period. SCT is seen in varying sizes, and there is a relationship between the size and the clinical course. Postoperative prognosis of SCT with a low malign potential is good in the newborn period. Prenatal follow-up and postnatal management are rather important. We described our patient who was diagnosed in the early weeks and followed up till week 37, and then was given birth by caesarean section. The hemodynamic findings were stabilized during the newborn period. the patient was successfully operated by pediatric surgeons to restore her health.


For a class of real fifth system, the first 8 singular point quantities of the origin and the first 6 singular point quantities of the equator are obtained, and at the same time, the two highest-order cases are proved respectively. Moreover,the problems of stability and limit cycle bifurcated from the origin and the equator are studied comparatively, then some better results are obtained.


As algorithmic decision making is increasingly deployed in every walk of life, many researchers have raised concerns about fairness-related bias from such algorithms. But there is little research on harnessing psychometric methods to uncover potential discriminatory bias inside decision-making algorithms. The main goal of this article is to propose a new framework for algorithmic fairness based on differential item functioning (DIF), which has been commonly used to measure item fairness in psychometrics. Our fairness notion, which we call differential algorithmic functioning (DAF), is defined based on three pieces of information: a decision variable, a "fair" variable, and a protected variable such as race or gender. Under the DAF framework, an algorithm can exhibit uniform DAF, nonuniform DAF, or neither (i.e., non-DAF). For detecting DAF, we provide modifications of well-established DIF methods: Mantel–Haenszel test, logistic regression, and residual-based DIF. We demonstrate our framework through a real dataset concerning decision-making algorithms for grade retention in K–12 education in the United States.


American foulbrood (AFB) and European foulbrood (EFB) are the two most important bacterial diseases that affect honey bee brood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an integrated treatment of AFB and EFB in naturally infected colonies in spring, using the beekeeping technique partial shook swarm combined with oxytetracycline treatment. The following parameters were assessed: strength of the colonies, consumption of antibiotic solution, queen losses, honey production and relapses. An increase in strength was observed in both (AFB and EFB) groups. Mean syrup consumption in the AFB colonies was 444.2 mL, while in the EFB colonies it was 497.3 mL. Linear correlation between the strength of the colonies and consumption (p-values < 0.0001; R² = 0.448) was observed. Three queens out of thirty (10%) were lost during the shook swarm procedure: one in the AFB group (5.3%) and two in the EFB group (18.2%). The results highlighted four clinical relapses (22.2%) of AFB, and no relapse (0%) of EFB after two years of observation. Six colonies (four in the AFB group and two in the EFB group) produced honey in the same beekeeping season that the shook swarm and antibiotic treatment were performed. Partial shook swarm is a good alternative to colony destruction, especially for EFB, and provides productive colonies during the foraging season.


The previous major efforts on big data benchmark either propose a large amount of workloads (e.g. a recent comprehensive big data benchmark suite - BigDataBench [4]), which impose cognitive difficulty on workload characterization and serious benchmarking cost; or only select a few workloads according to so-called popularity[1], which lead to partial or biased observations.


In my 14 years as a general pediatrician, I have always had a special interest in learning problems and attentional dysfunctions. Stimulant medications have been a blessing, and I continue to use them in my practice for carefully chosen patients with great success. Over the past few years, however, I have become far more conflicted about the increased use of medication and about what has and has not been written in the mainstream pediatric literature on the phenomenology of attention deficit disorder (ADD). My professional vexation reached an epoch of sorts recently when I read an article that stated the popular television sitcom, "The Gilmore Girls," had hired dialogue coaches to help the actors speak faster so they could hold their targeted "tween" audience's attention more effectively.1,2 The next morning I sat down with my mail before office hours. I chuckled under my breath because almost everything I received had something to do with ADD. There was a magazine entitled "The ADHD Podium" (sponsored by Shire and Adderall), which contained an article on how to use the DSM IV criteria to diagnose and treat preschool children with ADHD. Next was a brochure and videotape from the University of Florida and Lilly (Strattera) on how to diagnose ADD in adults. Additionally, there were several faxes and letters offering to teach me more about the genetics, neurochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutics of ADD via dinner meetings and telephone conferences. Finally, there were 3 magazines of different genres for my waiting room; all of which contained cover ads for Strattera, boldly proclaiming: "Welcome to Ordinary" (via medication). By the time I was ready to pitch most of this in the trash and begin to see patients, my initial amusement had been replaced by bemusement . . . was my contemplation correct that the stimulant story had morphed from success to excess? Undoubtedly, the effectiveness of stimulant medication with heterogenous groups of academic and behavioral problems has encouraged wider boundaries in the diagnosis of ADD.3 Do the small cadre of influential academicians, who perform the vast majority of research and invited commentary, want community pediatricians to conceptualize this as a genetically determined phenomena and largely ignore the critical sociocultural underpinnings of this phenomena? Is the pharmaceutical industry seducing us into subsuming broader diagnostic categories for ADD and thus expand their markets? The belief that ADD is a biologically based condition is promulgated in the pediatric and psychiatric literature.4-6 This is the premise on which the prolific researcher, Dr. Joseph Biederman, has based over 95% of his published articles.7 Many articles make reference to, or examine ADD concordancy in twins, neurochemical differences, mapping of loci, and structural brain differences seen on positron emission tomography scan or functional magnetic resonance imaging. While ADD has a bio-


We were interested to read the clinicopathological case report by Feneran et al. of a patient with spiny keratoderma, published recently in this journal. Their 63-year-old patient with spiny keratoderma was treated with 6% salicylic acid with no significant improvement. We report the successful use of acitretin in a patient with the same condition. An 88-year-old woman presented with a 10-year history of roughened and uncomfortable skin on her hands. The patient had seronegative inflammatory arthropathy, which was being treated with low-dose oral prednisolone, and also type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, hypercholesterolaemia and cerebrovascular disease. There was no family history of similar lesions on the hands or of any other skin disease. On physical examination, a striking eruption was seen on the hands, with background erythema and multiple spiky projections of about 1 mm in size, on the palms and fingers (Fig. 1a). The dorsa of the hands were unaffected. The patient had no skin problems elsewhere, and no hair, bone or nail changes. A clinical diagnosis of spiny keratoderma was made. A skin biopsy was not taken. The main problems reported by the patient were a burning sensation in the palms, and discomfort from the projections. It was felt likely that the burning sensation was related to peripheral neuropathy from the diabetes mellitus, rather than being secondary to the keratoderma. The patient was initially treated with 10% urea cream (Eucerin Intensive; Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany) and betamethasone ⁄ salicylic acid ointment (Diprosalic ; Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ, USA), neither of which proved to be helpful. The patient had a number of comorbidities but in view of her ongoing symptoms, acitretin was started at a dose of 10 mg. The drug was well tolerated, and the dose was gradually increased to 30 mg over an 8-week period, with regular blood monitoring carried out. The patient noted an improvement of her hands after 4 weeks on acitretin 30 mg. After 12 weeks at the same dose, the spiky projections and the erythema had completely resolved (Fig. 1b). She still experienced a burning sensation of her hands, but this had improved with gabapentin. At follow-up 18 months after cessation of acitretin, the patient remained clear of spiny keratoderma and erythema. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of the successful use of acitretin for treating spiny keratoderma. The patient s hands remained clear up to 18 months after completion of treatment. This is in contrast to other therapies, which may require maintenance to prevent relapse. Other therapeutic approaches for this condition have been reported, including the use of salicylic acid, urea and topical retinoids, but have generally been unsuccessful. Some patients may chose to undertake mechanical debridement of the spicules with the use of a razor or other methods of paring as an alternative to drug therapy.


More accurate estimates of dairy cattle manure excretion are needed for manure management, nutrient plans, renewable bioenergy production, and environmental assessment. Consequently, it is important to quantify manure excretion by dairy herds. Current estimates use only a few animal groups and average herd characteristics to estimate fixed rates of manure excretion throughout the year. However, manure excretion varies seasonally and should be predicted based on dynamic herd group characteristics. In addition, improved prediction parameters should be incorporated. This study describes the creation of a stochastic dynamic herd model to predict seasonal manure excretion according to herd characteristics regarding milk production, pregnancy rates, and culling rates using improved prediction parameters. The Markov-chain model employed defines more than 1,400 cow states according to parity, month in milk, and pregnancy status, and includes season of the year according to pregnancy and culling rates. Although overall estimates of our model were not substantially different from commonly used approaches, strong seasonal variations of manure excretion found with our model are missed when using other approaches. Our model also gives the opportunity to tailor dairy farm specific parameters such as milk productivity, pregnancy rates, and culling rates to more accurate predictions. Predictions of the seasonal variation in dairy manure excretion aids in addressing issues related to manure use and recycling needs, bioenergy production, and assessment of environmental impacts.


Background Microalgae, due to its well-recognized advantages have been gained renewed interest as potentially good feedstock for biodiesel. Production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as a type of biodiesel was carried out from Chlorella vulgaris bio oil. Biodiesel was produced in the presence of nano-biocatalysts composed of immobilized lipase on functionalized superparamagnetic few-layer graphene oxide via a transesterification reaction. A hybrid of few-layer graphene oxide and Fe3O4 (MGO) was prepared and characterized. The MGO was functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (MGO-AP) as well as with a couple of AP and glutaraldehyde (MGO-AP-GA). The Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was immobilized on MGO and MGO-AP using electrostatic interactions as well as on MGO-AP-GA using covalent bonding. The supports, MGO, MGO-AP, and MGO-AP-GA, as well as Nano-biocatalyst, ROL/MGO, ROL/MGO-AP, and ROL/MGO-AP-GA, were characterized using FESEM, VSM, FTIR, and XRD. The few-layer graphene oxide was characterized using AFM and the surface charge of supports was evaluated with the zeta potential technique. The nano-biocatalysts assay was performed with an evaluation of kinetic parameters, loading capacity, relative activity, time-course thermal stability, and storage stability. Biodiesel production was carried out in the presence of nano-biocatalysts and their reusability was evaluated in 5 cycles of transesterification reaction. Results: The AFM analysis confirmed the few-layer structure of graphene oxide and VSM also confirmed that all supports were superparamagnetic. The maximum loading of ROL (70.2%) was related to MGO-AP-GA. The highest biodiesel conversion of 71.19% achieved in the presence of ROL/MGO-AP-GA. Furthermore, this nano-biocatalyst could maintain 58.77% of its catalytic performance after 5 cycles of the transesterification reaction and was the best catalyst in the case of reusability. Conclusions: In this study, the synthesized nano-biocatalyst based on bare and functionalized magnetic graphene oxide was applied and optimized in the process of converting microalgae bio-oil to biodiesel for the first time and compared with bare lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. Results showed that the loading capacity, kinetic parameters, thermal stability, and storage stability improved by the functionalization of MGO. The biocatalysts, which were prepared via covalent bonding immobilization of enzyme generally, showed better characteristics. amino-functionalized of communis been It has been that the immobilization the biodiesel up 78% compared with free lipase 39 The similar support has been used for the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase for the conversion of soybean oil to biodiesel. The biodiesel production yield of and of the has been per assay kinetic parameters (V max and m ) of nano-biocatalysts for -NPP and Lineweaver-Burk . initial (V ) different from to 2 mM of the substrate (S) in the assay mixtures under experimental (k ) specificity (k m ) were also and compared. The determination of activity and Analysis of (ANOVA) and (LSD) spectra recorded in the range of 4000 cm -1 to 400 cm -1 using the KBr matrix. The X-ray field emission scanning electron microscopy (TESCAN MIRA3 XMU FESEM) was applied for MNP, MGO, and ROL/MGO-AP-GA surface morphology. Element distribution was also evaluated from the energy dispersive spectrometer analysis (EDS-Element mapping). The identification of crystalline phases in all catalysts was performed by powder X-ray diffraction using a Philips Analytical X-ray diffractometer (XPert MPD) with monochromatized Cu/KÂ radiation. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, Meghnatis Daghigh Kavir Co., Iran) was applied to measuring the magnetization of support. The chemical compositions of product mixtures were analyzed using a GC-MS system of HP Agilent Technology 6890 Network Gas Chromatogram System with column HP-5MS (Length: 30 m, internal diameter: 0.25 mm, Film thickness: 0.25 µm and Material: Fused silica) and Mass Spectrometer (5973 Network Mass Selective Detector). The carrier gas was He with 99.999 % purity and the temperature of the injector was set at 250 ºC. A temperature program was used for the column (Initial temperature: 60 ºC, Initial time: 2 min, Temperature rising rate: 10 ºC.min -1 up to 200 ºC and 5 oC.min -1 to 240 ºC, and Final temperature: 240 ºC for 7 min). The temperature of the ion source of the mass spectrometer was set at 250 °C, and the ionization mode was electron impact with an electron energy of 70 eV. The internal standard method was used for the determination of FAMEs and Heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (C18:0) was selected as standard material.


The activity of making bricks also known in the region as craft work has been an important agent for the development of the economy of Sogamoso city; it is due to the high degree of informality that is used in the process of making brick. However this practice has contributed to the emergence of significant environmental problems in the city. Resulting in negative and positive impacts, since the processes of this brickyards are leaving consequences about the physical and environmental processes and about socials aspects too which have impact in the territorial system of this city. Therefore, the principal objective of this research is to create a diagnosis that allows identifying how, which, and in what way is the impact of the activity of making bricks taking into account positives and negatives impacts in the territory of Sogamoso city.
The generation of the diagnosis has a previous methodological phase, which starts from the application of methods of evaluation and an assessment of environmental impacts as a fundamental basis for the identification of those factors which are involved in this case and subsequently, the factors that affect the territory. Secondly, the changes and the spatiotemporal dynamics produced by the brickyards are going to be determined by means of a multitemporal analysis taking into account the territorial system of the city. Finally the direct impact of the activity of brickyards is going to be established taking into account relevant dimensions which make part of the territory and development of Sogamoso city.


An Al_2O_3–5 at% SiO_2 specimen was levitated in an Aero-Acoustic Levitation apparatus and then melted when a continuous-wave CO_2 laser beam heating system was incorporated. The sample can be highly undercooled when decreasing the laser power. Rapid solidification by splat quenching can be realized at defined temperatures, using well-polished copper as chilling anvils. Microstructure transition from nonfaceted colony to strong faceted dendrites was observed when the melt was quenched at ΔT = 50 K, indicating that a kinetic contribution for roughening the microstructure may be significant for the morphology transition. The impacting, spreading, and solidifying processes were analyzed on the basis of microstructure observation. The additional undercooling was suggested to vary per an exponential relation with distance when the kinetic effect was taken into account. The nucleation behavior was also discussed according to the proposed additional undercoolings to demonstrate the difference in nucleation population at various regions. When the melt undercooling increases to 190 K, a double-phase structure with small polycrystalline inclusion embedded into amorphous matrix was obtained. The continuous cooling transformation profile was proposed to account for the phase selection upon quenching. The present observation and suggested model for acquiring high additional undercoolings are useful in elucidating the work of others.


- This communication is a proposal about landscape study through the combination Project Based Learning (PBL) and Jigsaw method. The PBL promotes the student's curiosity, creativity and especially that they work actively on their learning. Thus, a structured guide made up of various cooperative dynamics is constructed where shared Reading Techniques, the Jigsaw Method and the elaboration of a collaborative map are used. As a consequence of these strategies, the student works as a team, organizes, classifies and uses Technologies for Learning and Communication (TAC) and includes landscape description and spatial analysis techniques in the learning process.


By the ways of data measuring, statistics, document consulting and experts visiting, the inland Tibet college students can be classified into 5 sorts according to their BMI values. It shows that the constitution of inland Tibet college students is in a better condition, female students with bad nutrition are mostly thin and tall, male students are thin and short, the overweight students are all tall, the physical function of these students with lower weight is better then that of overweight students and fat students. The body quality of students is different, both female awed male students have worse legs burst ability but better durability.


In this study, ultralow ruthenium nanoparticles on the nickel molybdate nanorods grown on nickel foam (Ru–NiMoO4–NF) were synthesized. The Ru–NiMoO4–NF exhibited outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction performances in alkaline with overpotential of 52 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. And, it maintains excellent stability for 20 h at the current density of 20 mA cm−2. The mass activity of Ru–NiMoO4–NF is 0.21 A mgRu−1, which is higher than that of Pt/C. Lots of exposed heterojunction interfaces and synergistic effects between Ru nanoparticles and NiMoO4 nanorods were regarded as the reasons for excellent performance. This work provides an innovative route for developing low-cost catalysts based on the transition metal oxides and trace precious metal with unique heterostructures for hydrogen production through water splitting.


With the scale of wind power integration expanding continuously, the random characteristic of power system is more and more prominent due to the volatility and intermittency of wind energy. Because of the fluctuations brought by wind power integration, the traditional deterministic analysis methods and the conventional stochastic differential equations are difficult to accurately analyze wind power system. In this paper, Markov theory is utilized to establish a stochastic Markov dynamic model for wind power systems by considering various uncertainties. Then, based on the developed model, Lyapunov energy function and M matrix are combined together to present the analytical method of stochastic mean stability and stochastic mean square stability of wind power system. Compared with the conventional stochastic differential equation analysis method, the proposed method can overcome the shortcomings that the stochastic stability cannot be analyzed when the system operating conditions change. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the validity and correctness of the proposed method.


For the catalytic cracking of C6 to C9 hydrocarbons on ZSM-5, we demonstrate quantitatively the contributions of each of two mechanisms for molecular shape selectivity. Using crystallites of different sizes and activities, and classical methods for evaluating diffusion inhibition of the reaction rate, we separate the effects of mass-transport-induced selectivity from that created by steric inhibition by the size of a reaction complex. The selective cracking of n-paraffins compared to monomethyl paraffins (from C6 to C9) is due to a higher intrinsic rate constant of the n-paraffin, with diffusional mass transport playing no appreciable role. In contrast, dimethyl paraffin cracking is strongly diffusion-inhibited. The methyl paraffin/n-paraffin discrimination is a result of steric constraint on the sizeable methyl paraffin/carbonium ion reaction complex. This structural selectivity is shown to be absent for the corresponding olefins where such complexes do not arise. The diffusivities at reaction conditions have been determined. For the linear hydrocarbon, diffusivity notably exceeds that expected from the Knudsen model. This reminds us to review assumptions of conventional concepts of mass transport. The availability of zeolites now allows us to probe many basic phenomena in catalysis, molecular configuration and dynamics, including mass transport.


With the tremendous growth and increasing demand of information on web it has become quite necessary to satisfy the user demand, up to the level of his/ her expectation. User always expects to get the most relevant results, which, with such complex structure and varying queries becomes hard to provide for a Search Engine. Hence different Ranking algorithms are used in different Search Engines to deal with such problems. This paper deals with the web mining, web mining taxonomy and different ranking algorithms used to satisfy user's demands in Information Retrieval. A comparative analysis of few algorithms like Page Rank Algorithm, HITS (Hypertext Induced Topic Selection algorithm), Weighted Page Rank algorithm, Distance Rank algorithm are given. Besides this some other proposed algorithms like Weighted Page Content Rank and Improvised Page Rank algorithm, Weighted Page Rank Algorithm Based on number of Visits of Links of Web Page and Weighted Page Rank algorithm using link attributes is also explained.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to an improved electrochemical energy storage device. Electrochemical energy storage devices include multiple semiconductor thin film electrochemical cells that are selectively interconnected in series or parallel using an integrated interconnect substrate. The interconnect substrate is typically disposed within a sealed housing containing the electrochemical cell, and the first contacts are each connected to first and second power terminals of the energy storage device. And a second contact. The interconnect substrate advantageously allows for a selected series or parallel connection with the electrochemical cell, regardless of the location of the electrochemical cell within the housing. In one embodiment, the sheet of conductive material is processed using known milling, stamping, or chemical etching, and is compatible with individual electrochemical cells inside a hermetically sealed housing. Include the connection pattern that results in the selected interconnect. Fuse, various electrical and electro-mechanical devices such as, for example, bypasses, equalizers, and communication devices are also mounted on the interconnect substrate and selectively connected to the electrochemical cell.


Innovation potential is a basic element that detects the fundamental possibility of innovation in the enterprise. Evaluation of innovative capacity is needed not only to measure the capacity of innovation, but also to determine the size and characteristics of the resources involved from the side. The selection process assessment methodology is one of the most important and challenging tasks in the process of analyzing the innovation potential of the company. The complexity of the analysis of such data is the need to integrate different kinds of uncertainty. Used to date methods for evaluating performance of the innovative project based on expert judgment or do not take into account the full diversity of uncertainty, or remove it entirely from the technology assessment. However, such actions lead to a degree of uncertainty evaluation, out of place in the current market environment. Today, one of the most promising areas of research in the field of analysis, forecasting and modeling of economic phenomena and processes is a fuzzy logic. Fuzzy multiple modeling true in cases where the need to maximize the complete data in the absence of accurate information about the phenomenon. As a result of the construction of fuzzy evaluation model is introduced innovative potential membership function, which determines the degree of membership to the fuzzy set of indicators that will form an integral indicator of the level of innovation capacity. This measure allows management to make the appropriate conclusion about the enterprise readiness for successful implementation of innovative projects.


I n 1934 Bensley and Hoerr succeeded in separating for analysis the mitochondria of the hepatic cell of the guinea pig. They found that the mitochondria consisted of protein and fat in the approximate ratio of 6 to 4, and that the fatty substance was devoid of acetone-insoluble components, lecithin and cephalin. They also found that the mitochondria so separated readily underwent changes in solubility. It is a well-established fact that mitochondria are highly labile structures. They disappear rapidly from the cell postmortem. Even in good mitochondria1 fixatives they are well fixed only at the surface of the block of material. They disappear from material fixed in the organic solvents (alcohol, acetone, chloroform and ether) and iii fixing fluids containing a high content of acetic acid. Raising the tissue to a temperature of 48 to 50" also results in disappearance of the mitochondria as morphologic units. These properties have naturally been interpreted as solubilities o r melting point, as the case may be. Bensley and Gersh ( '33), by the use of the freezing-drying method, found, on the contrary, that the mitochondria of the hepatic cell of Amblystoma in the dried form were not soluble, nor were they visibly altered by the treatment with the reagents mentioned above. After extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus with alcohol, chloroform, ether, acetone, or petroleum ether, no change was visible. Moreover, acetic acid did not dissolve them from the sections of frozen-dried material, nor did high temperatures result in their disappearance.


This paper describes the automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) system used by the UK police to fight crime and terrorism. Originally used for enforcing traffic rules, the ANPR has evolved into a mainstream policing tool, culminating in the formation of a national intelligence-gathering network that can monitor and record almost every journey of every vehicle in Britain. Despite the many benefits of the ANPR system, there are concerns over the possibility that the system could undermine hard-won civil liberties. Further, the chances that errors will be made are much higher with a surveillance system that relies on multiple government databases. Public confidence in ANPR, which in turn will determine the system's effectiveness in fighting crime, will ultimately depend on keeping such errors to an absolute minimum.


Despite the disruptive side of natural disasters, their expected effects on economic structural transformation are ambiguous. Combining data from the Chinese Household Income Project, the Chinese Statistical Yearbook, and the U.S. Geological Survey, this thesis explores how a tremendous earthquake in Sichuan, China, affected the regional economic structure, using first-difference, OLS, and difference-in-difference with synthetic control method. I find that the earthquake had an immediate impact on the sectoral distribution of both employment and GDP. The shift of labor to the construction and service sectors was stronger in the most severely damaged areas. However, economic structure and industry employment mix of the affected regions showed a trend of convergence after one year of the earthquake. At the same time, compared with non-affected provinces, the earthquake accelerated the decline in the proportion of labor in the primary sector in Sichuan, and this impact is sustained and amplified over time. Labor was more likely to flow to the industries in the secondary and tertiary sectors with higher returns on capital, such as construction and service.


ABSTRACT Nanomaterials such as nanostructured scaffolds in tissue engineering and nanoparticles in drug delivery systems are associated with many applications within the biomedical and dental arenas. Furthermore, nanotechnology has also played an important role in the modifications of surface properties of surgical-grade materials and implants to achieve improvements in in vivo performance and reliability. The utilizations of nanocoatings, nanocomposite coatings, and nanolaminates are also intended to enhance osseointegration and improved protection from the release of unnecessary or even harmful metal ions. Due to their nanocrystalline structure and increase surface area, they become more reactive and hence they can also be synthesized to deliver faster tissue bonding properties and exceptional bioactivity. These new generation nanocoatings based on inorganic and biological materials such as proteins and peptides are currently being developed and investigated. This review aims to give an overview into the recent advances in nanocoatings containing biological materials being applied in medicine.


We have received many favourable comments about the new-look website and the way papers are presented. However, prospective authors are asked to follow the template for the manuscript available at http://ndrs.org.uk/submission.php and not …


This paper explains the transactions, agreements, and accounting that Chevron, Texaco, and the Government of Indonesia used to structure transactions that avoided billions in U.S. income taxes. Although ChevronTexaco became a merged entity on October 9, 2001, for many years Chevron and Texaco operated as separate corporations, with each owning 50 percent of a group of primarily non‐U.S. companies collectively known as Caltex. Transactions were structured such that Chevron and Texaco subsidiaries paid Caltex excessive prices for Indonesian crude oil, leading to excessive dividend income (with foreign tax credits) and cost of sales deductions on U.S. income tax returns. When one of the equal shareholders purchased more overpriced oil than the other, Caltex paid monthly "Special Dividends" to the "overlifter" that could be construed as cost rebates, not dividends. To compensate for the extra taxes it received, the Government of Indonesia provided Caltex with oil in excess of the amount called for under the f...


Introduction Leiomyoma recurrence is a major concern for long-term myomectomy management, especially for multiple leiomyomas. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is one of the most effective medications to reduce the volume of fibroids and the uterus. However, its role in preventing recurrence after conservative surgery remains unclear. At present, there is no randomised clinical trial determining the efficacy of GnRHa treatment for preventing multiple leiomyomas recurrence after myomectomy. Methods and analysis We are conducting a phase IV randomised controlled trial in women aged 18–45 undergoing myomectomy for multiple leiomyomas. After surgery, women whose pathological result confirms multiple leiomyomas are randomised in a 1:1 ratio into an observation or GnRHa group. The primary outcome is the recurrence of either clinical symptoms or fibroids on imaging. Patients will be assessed for adverse events during the follow-up. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Tongji Hospital Affiliated with the Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (TJ-IRB20180311) according to the submitted study protocol (V.1.0, 10 November 2017) and informed consent (V.1.0, 10 November 2017). The results will be presented at domestic and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number ChiCTR-IPR-17012992.


Flight simulator can be employed as an appropriate and successful test vehicle that could be used to quantify, on the probabilistic basis, the required level of the human capacity factor (HCF) with respect to the expected mental workload (MWL) during fulfillment of a particular aerospace mission or in an extraordinary situation. In the analysis that follows it is shown how this could be done. The main concepts are illustrated by a numerical example.


Review of Elyse Graham, The republic of games: Textual culture between old books and new media. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 2018, paperback, $24.95 (176p), ISBN 9780773553392.


Longevity risk is the risk arising from uncertainty in the prediction of future mortality. This risk must be faced by pension funds. The legislation for Dutch pension funds prescribes that the pension funds need to keep in reserve a certain level of capital for this risk. De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB), the regulator of the legislation, suggests a method for calculating this capital requirement. In this paper an alternative method is developed, that provides a better insight in the current risk. Moreover, it turns out that the resulting capital requirement from our method is less than half of the capital requirement calculated using the method suggested by DNB.


The invention relates to the technical field of die-casting machines, and provides a zinc alloy die-casting machine.The zinc alloy die-casting machine comprises a machine table, a heat insulating furnace arranged on the machine table and an electric heating device arranged in a containing cavity of the heat insulating furnace.A furnace body of the heat insulating furnace comprises an inner furnace wall, a heat insulating layer and an outer furnace wall, and the inner furnace wall and the outer furnace wall are connected and closed to form an outer framework of the furnace body.The heat insulating layer is arranged on the inner surface of the outer furnace wall, and a cavity layer is formed between the heat insulating layer and the inner furnace wall.The zinc alloy die-casting machine solves the problems that a heat insulating furnace of an existing zinc alloy die-casting machine is poor in heat insulating effect and high in electric energy consumption and has a too high requirement for the engine power of the large zinc alloy die-casting machine.


Numero 114 Septiembre - Diciembre 2005 Nueva Serie Ano XXXVIII ISSN 0041 8633 LAS INFRACCIONES TRIBUTARIAS EN EL SISTEMA TRIBUTARIO MEXICANO Gabriela RIOS GRANADOS * One of citizens´ most fundamental duties is to pay taxes, with the purpose of providing the government with sufficient resources to satisfy the demand for public services. Tax fines imposed by tax authorities, caused by the infringement of tax laws, is one of several means to dissuade unlawful behavior on behalf of taxpayers, which could negatively affect the public interest. In this essay, the author studies tax fines, discussing their juridical nature and analyzing the contents of Mexican legislation related to this topic, such as the Federal Fiscal Code and customs legislation. Descriptors: taxes, administrative sanctions, administrative law. * Investigadora del Instituto de Investigaciones Juridicas de la UNAM. * Nota: Debido que la traduccion es automatica podra ser inexacta o contener errores.


Purpose
Mapping the intrinsic value of the art of architecture and the art of nature within the context of Kakunodate and the preservation of its samurai manors and Sakura heritage trees, this paper proposes that from the perception of tourists, the preservation of both items is important. Extending the psychology of pricing that is subject to consumers' preference and expectation to the context of valuation of cultural heritage assets, the purpose of this paper is to suggest that including the art of nature and the aesthetic of Sakura to the art of architecture (Samurai manors) will add more value to the cultural heritage of Kakunodate than when only the art of architecture is mentioned.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses Contingency Valuation Method to solicit tourists willingness-to-pay to preserve the architecture and the nature in Kakunodate. The survey uses a double bounded dichotomous choice model to elicit the various levels of tourists preference in various scenarios. Response from more than 1,000 tourists in three scenarios were collected. Through a maximum likelihood method and a subsequent truncated calculation, results are reported.

Findings
The results support the conceptual argument that the art of nature adds value to the art of architecture only. Tourists are found to be willing to pay more to support both the architecture (samurai houses) and nature (cherry trees) than the samurai houses alone.

Research limitations/implications
The research findings add to the inventory of research on prior works in heritage trees, conservation of trees and heritage tourism, and cultural heritage assets in general. The empirical findings support prior theoretical works that examined the relationship of nature and art, art and architecture, and architecture as visual consumption.

Practical implications
The findings have managerial implications for policy makers relative to a possible increase of revenue by adding accompanying-nature component to focal architectural assets when soliciting funding support.

Originality/value
The originality and this piece stems from extending trees as an art form in nature and its added value to architecture within the context of cultural heritage assets. The empirical findings add to the much discussed relationships among art, nature, and architecture.


An adaptive antenna for the DCS-1800 mobile telephony system has been designed and evaluated. The antenna is working in uplink only and has a multiplexity of two channels per frequency and timeslot. The array antenna has a circular structure and the complex weights are calculated using the sample matrix inversion method (SMI). Evaluations of the adaptive antenna in an outdoor environment show promising improvement of the carrier-to-interfererratio (C/I) of more than 30 dB. Measurements of bit-error-rate (BER) for different angular separation of the mobiles show that for an input C/I ≥ -10 dB the minimum angular separation for approximately 0% BER is less than 4 degrees. INTRODUCTION The use of adaptive antennas in mobile communication systems offers a possibility to increase the system capacity. To exploit the benefits of using adaptive base station antennas, a testbed project commenced 1994 consisting of groups at the Signals and Systems group at Uppsala University and Ericsson Radio Access AB. The project is financed by NUTEK and Ericsson Radio Access AB. Other testbed projects are reported in [1,2]. The aim is to evaluate and develop adaptive antenna technologies for mobile communication systems and to obtain experience using this technology in base stations. The testbed was completed in autumn 1996 and has been evaluated at the FFV Aerotech AB antenna measurement range in Arboga, Sweden. The testbed is designed for DCS-1800 and in receiving (uplink) mode only. The output from the antenna can be connected to an ordinary DCS-1800 basestation transceiver to perform realistic transmissions of actual DCS-1800 signals. This gives the possibility to in an easy way measure the improvement in bit error rate (BER) using the adaptive antenna in various signal environments. This report briefly present the architecture of the antenna and results from the field trial measurements. The aim is to show that adaptive antennas are possible to use in the uplink for a F/TDMA system to enhance the system efficiency. The downlink problem is not addressed here and is a more challenging task due to the frequency duplex distance between uplink and downlink (the frequency duplex distance in DCS-1800 is 95 MHz). This makes the impulse response of the downlink hard to estimate from the information in the uplink transmission [3]. A proposed method in a 3 generation cellular protocol is to use feedback of information from the mobile station (MS) to the base station (BS) so an useful estimate of the channel can be made [4]. However, with no fully developed downlink algorithm, the use of the adaptive antenna as a spatial filter for interference reduction (SFIR) is an excellent way to enhance the carrier-tointerferer ratio (C/I) as shown in this report. ADAPTIVE ANTENNA ARCHITECTURE The adaptive antenna is able to receive signals from two MS allocated to the same DCS-1800 timeslot and frequency by letting beamformer no. 1 suppress signals from MS no.2 while directing a maxima in the radiation pattern against MS no.1, and vice versa for beamformer no. 2. The primary purpose of the beamforming is to improve C/I, by suppression of the other MS transmitting on the same frequency and timeslot and also suppression of other interfering sources. A secondary purpose is to improve the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) by increasing coverage due to beamforming. The architecture of the adaptive antenna can be seen in fig. 1. The antenna array consists of ten patch antenna elements in a circular arrangement and the beamwidth of the patch elements is 80 degrees. The antenna element spacing is 0.56 wavelengths at 1.721 GHz. This arrangement gives full horizontal coverage with a practically equal antenna aperture in all directions. Each antenna element is followed by a front end unit which filters and amplifies the antenna signal. After the front end units the signals are distributed to the sampling receivers, and the two beamformers, respectively. The task of the beamformers are to weight (both amplitude and phase) and sum the signals from each front end. The output from the beamformers will thus be spatially filtered. Note that the weighting of the signals takes place at the carrier frequency and the benefit of this is the availability to connect the adaptive antenna to a DCS-1800 base station TRX for comparison measurements with an ordinary BS antenna and to perform voice quality tests using standard DCS-1800 cellular telephones. The output signals from the beamformers is also distributed to the feed back receivers and allows the DSP to measure the differences in complex amplitude between the antenna element channels respectively and also between the weight and sampling receiver in each antenna channel. This calibration takes place off-line, i.e. prior to normal operation. The DCS-1800 TRX performs the demodulation. The demodulated data is used for measuring the bit error rate for evaluation purposes. To distinguish between the mobiles some rules of assigning training sequences and frequencies as well as time slots to the mobiles must exist. Any two mobiles having the same set of the three parameters above will interfere with each other (assuming they share the same cell). The beamformers will be used to discriminate between the different training sequences. The two DCS-1800 TRX:s are coherently transmitting two DCS-1800 TCH (Traffic Channel) bursts on the same frequency and timeslot but with different training sequences. Calculation and weight setting takes 3.1 ms so the two radiation patterns corresponding to the two spatial multiplexing channels are updated each frame (a DCS-1800 frame is 4.615 ms). The TRX gives synchronisation signals to the DSP system for initiating sampling and down conversion to baseband. The sampling frequency is 270 kHz for each quadrature signal. The A/D converters uses 8 bits giving a dynamic range of 48 dB. The choice of 8 bit A/D converters is a consequence of the 32-bit DSP data bus. These 8-bit words are collected by the DSP in order to calculate the weights using the SMI-algorithm (Sample Matrix Inversion) implemented in three TMS320C40 signal processors. SMI was chosen because of fast convergence rate [5] and the accessibility to a powerful DSP system to cope with the heavy computational load. Fig. 1. Adaptive antenna architecture The covariance matrix of the input vector x (where x is a 10×1 matrix with elements corresponding to the signal of each antenna element) is defined as R = E{xx} where E denotes expectation and H complex transpose. The steering vector is defined as p = E{xr*} where r is the reference signal and the asterisk denotes complex conjugation. A straight forward way of estimating R and p is to use


The purpose of this research is to monitor gases and vapors emitted into the environment in the process to sale fuel and then this process is compared with Table No. 4 of Environmental Regulations for Hydrocarbon Operations in Ecuador (RAHOE), the investigation was made at the service station to Professional Drivers of Saquisili canton located at Simon Bolivar in 0°50'33.6''S y 78o39'50.6''W.
First, for making the investigation was necessary to find information about the gas station, some of them are the identification, limits to service station, characteristics of the place, infrastructure, operation, features of the areas, staff or workers to the service station andweather conditions....


The repatriation system for Koreans and Japanese who drifted to China was established in 1737. Because Joseon Korea was a tributary of Qing China, the Chinese government always used particular care when escorting Korean drifters. The government led them on overland routes from the area where they landed to Beijing, and in Beijing gave them lodging in the Envoy Residence (C. Huitongguan ). They waited for the visiting Korean envoys to depart for Joseon, and accompanied the envoys on the overland route to their home country. The Qing China government fully bore the costs associated with the repatriation of drifters. In contrast to this, in the case of Japan, which was not a tributary of Qing China, because there were no diplomatic relations between the two countries, when repatriating Japanese drifters, under the responsibility of each Chinese province, the Japanese were sent to Zhapu, from which Chinese trade ships sailed to Japan. Each province bore the costs associated with escorting the drifters to Zhapu. Upon their arrival at Zhapu, the Chinese government requested of a Chinese trader set to depart for Japan, and the Japanese drifters were repatriated to Nagasaki. These repatriation systems for drifters were established in the mid eighteenth century. Around this time, international affairs between various countries began to become stable. And in Qing China, government institutions became stable and Chinese ships advanced prosperously overseas. For such reasons, we can say that the repatriation of drifters, too, came to be conducted in a stable manner. Overseeing the repatriation of drifters were, mainly, 1) the tribute system; 2) Chinese trade networks; and 3) the trade ships of various Western countries. Through these elements of interaction, the acceptance of people from various areas and their repatriation destination were linked, and the East Asia maritime region's drifter repatriation zone was established.


Summary Classical biological control is a public-interest science. This places a special responsibility on researchers and practitioners to communicate to the public about their activities and the benefits these provide to them. More than many other forms of science practice, biological control requires understanding public perceptions of their work and a coordinated effort to communicate with the public. Publicly addressing the risks of classical biological control introductions can foster a public consensus on appropriate risk-management strategies.


Previous survey research indicated the importance of "black invisibility" for understanding the Los Angeles riot of 1965 and black reactions to it. The extent and nature of this invisibility were explored by means of a content analysis of Los Angeles newspapers from 1892-1968. The results indicate that little attention has been given in the press to blacks throughout the twentieth century, and coverage of blacks relative to their proportion of the population actually diminished from 1892 to just before the riot. The great increase in coverage during the riot itself returned rapidly to the pre-riot level by early 1966. The white public in Los Angeles, local white public officials, and subsequent press coverage were largely unsympathetic to Negro grievances. While press attention to blacks has not increased, its content has changed markedly from coverage of conventionally stereotyped activity to emphasis on interracial conflict. Possible consequences of black invisibility for race relations in the United States are suggested.


Abstract. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Sulodexide in the treatment of patients with glomerulonephritis(GN).
Methods. We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study involving 105 patients with CKD, who were hospitalized at the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital (Ukraine) from 2021-2022. Only patients with proteinuria of 0.3 g – 3.5 g/day and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-3 and the diagnosis of GN were included in the study. The clinical diagnosis was determined based on standard examination methods according to the Classification of Kidney Diseases and protocols of management of CKD patients
All patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group 1 received basic therapy, and Group 2 received Sulodexide in oral capsules containing 250 lipasemic units (LSU) twice daily in addition to basic therapy. The duration of treatment was 6 months.
 Results. Our study showed that the additional use of sulodexide for 6 months significantly reduced the level of proteinuria in patients with GN, so in the second group, it was possible to achieve a significantly lower level of proteinuria 567 (356; 745) mg/day, compared to the first group 956 (765; 1233 ) mg/day (р˂0.05).
 As the glomerular filtration rate remained stable or even increased, proteinuria reduction cannot be explained by alteration of filtration capacity. We also noted a significant decrease in the level of D-dimers in the group of patients who additionally received Sulodexide for 6 months, which may indicate the prevention of thromboembolic and cardiovascular events in this population of patients. However, this hypothesis needs further research.
Conclusions. The additional use of Sulodexide in patients with GN statistically significantly reduced proteinuria levels preventing CKD progression rate.


14 patients with haemobilia had accepted mini-invasive surgery(MIS) treatments since March 1993 to may 1996,including endoscopic therapy, ultrasound intervention therapy, hepatic artery embolism and blind-loop incision and packing. all patients gained success on haemostasis, No recurrent bleeding occured when follow-up. It this article, the haemostastic mechanisms and characters of MIS techniques were didcussed.


This slim book must be appreciated for what it is, an idiosyncratic presentation of selected highlights of medical biology with an emphasis on personalities. It is not an attempt to cover comprehensively the biological foundations of medicine. There is, for example, an extensive quotation from Bernard's description of his experiments on digestion and a detailed account of Banting and Best's discovery of insulin. However, the only reference to pituitary hormones reports the chemical synthesis in 1971 of human growth hormone. The development of antibiotics is well covered, but no mention is made of the basic biology or practical applications of cancer chemotherapy. Baumel notes the major milestones in infectious diseases and vaccine development but omits entirely any references to the success of smallpox vaccine. Instead there are four well-written pages on the history of polio vaccine. Unfortunately, this section includes a one-sided account of the controversy concerning the merits of


Background In society today, there is an idea of manliness and what it means to be a man. Meat has come to be associated with masculinity and strength, and research shows that the behavioral and consumption patterns of men are influenced by what they consider to enhance their perceived masculinity. It is therefore interesting to examine why certain men actively choose to exclude meat from their diet, regardless of potential pressures. Objective The objective of this study was to, with the use of interviews, explore and understand how current societal norms affect men who actively excluded meat and/or animal products. Method The study was executed as qualitative research, where six individual interviews were carried out. The results were later analyzed according to qualitative content analysis by Graneheim and Lundman. Results All of the informants had experienced a societal norm that expected them to eat meat. They meant that this norm affected them, since they often found themselves being questioned. The analysis showed that the informants felt that there was a connection between food choices and gender roles. They experienced that meat and masculinity had a strong correlation and the majority considered some dietary patterns exclusively related to femininity. Conclusion There is a "meat-eating norm" in today's society that affects men who have chosen a vegetarian/vegan lifestyle. This norm could be considered quite established, and it is therefore important to be aware of it and its influence.


This article considers the global robust output regulation problem via output feedback for a class of cascaded nonlinear systems with input-to-state stable inverse dynamics. The system uncertainties depend not only on the measured output but also all the unmeasurable states. By introducing an internal model, the output regulation problem is converted into a stabilisation problem for an appropriately augmented system. The designed dynamic controller could achieve the global asymptotic tracking control for a class of time-varying reference signals for the system output while keeping all other closed-loop signals bounded. It is of interest to note that the developed control approach can be applied to the speed tracking control of the fan speed control system. The simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness.


It is well known that the canonical New Keynesian model cannot produce inflation inertia observed in real data. The purpose of this research is to investigate expectation formation process as a potential source of inflation inertia. We examine a purely forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips curve with heterogeneous expectations, where the coordination of agents' beliefs matters. Private agents with heterogeneous beliefs are assumed to choose from a list of potentially misspecified econometric models and base their selections on relative forecast performance. When the distribution of heterogeneity is allowed to vary, there exist multiple equilibria: rational expectations equilibrium without any inertia and misspecification equilibrium with inertia. This inertia does not come from any structural components, such as a backward-looking behavior of price-setters, but from the expectation formation process of the private agents. In this sense, the inflation inertia in our model can be viewed as a self-fulfilling prophecy of the private agents. We then combine model selection with the adaptive learning, through which the agents update the parameters of their models. Our simulations show that convergences toward both equilibria are possible and the quality of initial knowledge has long-standing effect on the economy.


In this paper,the effect of Hangjin 2# multicompound fertilizer on soil of vegetable field is studied.The experiments show that fertilizing the Hangjin 2# multicompound fertilizer promotes the activity of soil enzymes and increases the number of soil microorganisms.Applying the Hangjin 2# multicompound fertilizer to soil urease,polyphenol-oxidase and sucrose in 1~10cm layer,the activities increase 21.16%,43.8% and 8.4% compared to CK1,and increase 5.05%,34.9% and 8.3% to CK2.When the layer is in 10~20cm,the activities also increase 21.88%,14.89% and 3.7% to CK1,16.3%,-1.8% and 4.4% to CK2.As for the 20~30cm soil layer,the corresponding results are 24.0%,14.3% and-9.6% to CK1;5.7%,22.3% and 7.2% to CK2.Fertilization can increase soil microorganisms' numbers to different levels,but the difference is not significant.Fertilization can increase soil N,P,K contents,but the difference between the effect of two fertilizer on soil nutrient is not significant.It is proved that the soil nutrient condition improved by the Hangjin 2# multicompound fertilizer is the direct cause of increase of soil biological activity.


The article discusses the perception of physical otherness. The author compares theoretical knowledge regarding the mechanisms according to which stereotypes function with the empirical approach to the concept of femininity. The content of the article is intended to provoke reflection on the condition of value system in the society and to show the complexity behind the gender-related aspects of self-identity. The core of this analysis is to answer the question: 'What lays the basis for the sense of femininity?'; especially for disabled people, a group which seems to somehow diverge from commonly accepted norms. Research findings quoted In the article allow to approach the problem from a different perspective in order to rediscover the power of femininity which comes primarly from non-physical traits. The author's intention is to show what criteria of judgement are used in the contemporary society, as well as to emphasize the importance of the often ignored phenomenon discussed in the article.


This study reveals a structure of line-shaped convective systems (LSCSs) observed around the Southwest Islands of Japan on June 10, 2006 using dual-Doppler analyses obtained from two X-band Doppler radars installed on Shimoji and Tarama Islands. Many LSCSs with lengths ranging from 20 km to 40 km form in a band-shaped precipitation system with a length exceeding 300 km along the Baiu front. The alignment directions of the Baiu front and the LSCSs are west-southwest to east-northeast and south-southwest to north-northeast, respectively. Thus, the alignment direction of the LSCSs is oblique to that of the Baiu front, and is parallel to the vertical wind shear vector between 0.5 km and 3 km in altitude.These LSCSs consist of several precipitation cells. The precipitation cells generate only to the south of the southern edge of each LSCS, and move northward and decayed at the northern edge. The pre-existing cells in each LSCS hardly affect the successive generation of new cells. The generation area of precipitation cells coincides with low-level convergence along the Baiu front. The successive generation mechanism of new cells in the observed LSCSs and their structure shown in this study correspond to those in a humid environment, suggested in a previous numerical study.


Animals including camel (Camelus dromedaries), have been domesticated by man since ancient times especially in Rajasthan. Due to harsh climatic conditions there is often scarcity of grazing pastures in this area and therefore during summers camels are fed roughages and concentrates, as there remains no option to the local farmers. As a result, the proportion of the concentrate and roughage in the complete ration is expected to change the microbial population in the rumen, which in turn is expected to affect their capacity to colonize feed particles and may influence the nutrient utilization from the feed. Cluster bean (guar) belonging to family Leguminosae is one of the most suitable feed in arid areas. Besides, camels are also fed some millet flour or barley flour and gur (molasses) 1g/kg body weight. If this molasses is given in excess amount, it causes gastro-intestinal disorders. Due to introduction of new feed resources, this study was an attempt to investigate certain blood and serum parameters of camels maintained on different diets. An experimental trial was conducted in three groups of camels aged 3-4 years, each group comprising of 4 camels. Three experimental groups were framed Group 1 camels were fed guar phalgati (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba) and ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) chara in 1:1 ratio. Group 2 camels were provided ground nut chara alone while, to Group 3 camels jaggery 50% w/v was administrated orally at the dose 15 g/kg body weight apart from feeding of ground nut chara. The blood samples were collected for hematological, serum biochemical and enzymatic variations. Based on biochemical and enzymatic profile comparison, in the Group 3 camels a significant change in the digestive pattern leading towards acid indigestion was noted. There was an insignificant variation among the enzymatic and biochemical profile of Group 1 and Group 2. From the above blood and serum biochemical and enzymatic changes noticed in different groups fed with different diets, it can be envisaged that there exists a significant role of plan of nutrition on digestive pattern.


A restructuration of the original sagitta method is accomplished by maintaining its initial phase, but making it up with a normal phase in which primal and/or dual iterations, successively or interminglely, are carried out. In a primal or dual iteration, the method searchs for the corresponding feasibility, but does not require that the other one has been achieved; moreover, once a feasibility is achieved, its maintenance is not mandatory. The restarting of the original sagitta method is eliminated and thus, with this new structure, multiple modications are possible. The new sagitta methods usually start without any iteration point and in its initial phase attempt tond a descent direction of the feasible region. Constraint indices are added to the foreactive set until this direction is found or until there is not a null-space descent direction. In this last case, both primal and dual iteration points are available from the beginning of the normal phase, for every iteration and if required. Thus, with a global viewpoint using both primal and dual information, each new sagitta method adopts a di®erent order of primal and dual iterations. Such methods generalize the simplex methodology and can be implemented using reduced or projected gradient techniques. An illustrative sample of numerical and graphical results obtained for a subset of Netlib problems is included.


The measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon exhibits a long standing discrepancy compared to the Standard model prediction. In this paper, we concentrate on this issue in the framework of $R$-parity violating Minimal supersymmetric standard model. Such a scenario provides substantial contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon while satisfying constraints from low energy experimental observables as well as neutrino mass. In addition, we point out that the implication of such operators satisfying muon $g-2$ are immense from the perspective of the LHC experiment, leading to a spectacular four muon final state. We propose an analysis in this particular channel which might help to settle the debate of R-parity violation as a probable explanation for $(g-2)_{\mu}$.


95%-CI (0.119–0.753); right foot–right hand ICC = 0.314 (−0.088–0.644); right foot–left foot ICC = 0.315 (−0.089– 0.628). Intra-limb comparison showed fair to moderate ICC for right foot–right foot ICC = 0.380 (−0.014–0.677); and good ICC for right hand–right hand ICC = 0.646 (0.194– 0.852). Bland–Altman plots showed moderate reproducibility of measurements between different limbs and of the same limb in consecutive time periods, with large biases and wide limits of agreement. The findings from this study indicate that PVI measurement is poorly reproducible when measured on different limbs and on the same limb in stable and comfortable preterm neonates. Abstract The aim was to assess the reproducibility


The goal of the work was to probe fundamental nanoscale properties of electrons and quasiparticles in layered materials, correlated oxides and nitrides as well as nanoscale interactions with phase change materials by performing nano-spectroscopic imaging from optical to terahertz frequencies. We have demonstrated a reconfigurable hyperbolic metasurface comprising of a heterostructure of isotopically enriched hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in direct contact with the phase-change material vanadium dioxide (VO2). We implement a novel nanoscopy tools integrated with state-of-the-art infrared lasers and Vis/IR light sources. We have introduced hyperspectral terahertz (THz) nano-imaging by combining scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) with THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS). We describe the technical implementations that enabled this achievement and demonstrate its performance with a heterogeneously doped semiconductor samples. We recorded for the first time THz hyperspectral image and with a spatial nanoscale spatial resolution by measuring at each pixel with a time domain spectrum covering the range from 0.4 to 1.8 THz. Fitting the spectra with a Drude model allows for measuring—noninvasively and without the need for Ohmic contacts—the local mobile carrier concentration of the differently doped semiconductor areas. Phase separations in ternary group III-Nitride semiconductor alloys are a significant challenge that limits the efficiency and performance of optoelectronic devices. We have shown that the growth of indium-rich ternary In1−xGaxN (InGaN) alloys by MOCVD exhibits strong nanoscale phase separations, reflected in compositional and gap energy fluctuations. Instability of black phosphorus (BP) surface due to chemical degradation in ambient conditions remains a major impediment to its prospective applications. We explored robust strategies to mitigate degradation issues, and explored novel surface near-field properties of BP. Book Chapters and Invited Reviews 1. Y. Abate*, D. Akinwande, H. Wang, M. Snure, and S. Cronin, "Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus," Adv. Mat. 1704749 (2018). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704749 2. Y. Abate*, V.E. Babicheva, V.S. Yakovlev, and N. Dietz, "Towards Understanding and Control of Nanoscale Phase Segregation in InGaN Alloys," (Invited Book Chapter), Imperial College Press. III-Nitride Materials, Devices and Nano-Structures: pp. 183-207 DOI: Refereed Journal Articles 1. M. Kotiuga, Z. Zhang, J. Li, F. Rodolakis, H. Zhou, R. Sutarto, F. He, Q. Wang, Y. Sun, Y. Wang, N. A. Aghamiri, S. B. Hancock, L. P. Rokhinson, D. P. Landau, Y. Abate*, J. W. Freeland, R. Comin, S. Ramanathan, and K. M. Rabe, ",Carrier Localization in Perovskite Nickelates From Oxygen Vacancies" PNAS 201910490 (2019). https://www.pnas.org/content/116/44/21992 2. Refractive Index-Based Control of Hyperbolic Phonon-Polariton Propagation
A. Fali, S. T. White, T. G. Folland, M. He, N. A. Aghamiri, S. Liu, J. H. Edgar, J. D. Caldwell ,R. F. Haglund, Y. Abate*

Nano Letters 2019 19 (11), 7725-7734
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02651 3. N. A. Aghamiri, F. Huth, A. J.Huber, A. Fali, R. Hillenbrand, Y. Abate*
Hyperspectral TimeDomain Terahertz Nanoimaging," Optics Express 27, 24231-24242 (2019) DISTRIBUTION A: Distribution approved for public release. DOI: 10.1364/OE.27.024231 4. Y. Sun, D. Lim, M. Kotiuga, N. Badri, C. Mathew, Z. Zhang, Y. Dong, R. Kou, C. Sun, K. Ramadoss, Q. Lu , G. Vardar, W. Bowman, I. Waluyo, A. Hunt, H. Tanaka, A. N. Hattori, S. Gamage, Y. Abate*, V. G. Pol, H. Zhou, S. Subramanian, B. Yildiz, K. M. Rabe, S. Ramanathan, "Strongly correlated perovskite lithium-ion shuttles," PNAS 201805029 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805029115 5. T. G. Folland, A. F., S. T. White, J. R. Matson, S. Liu, N. A. Aghamiri, J. H. Edgar, R. F. Haglund Jr., Y. Abate*, J. D. Caldwell, "Reconfigurable infrared hyperbolic metasurfaces using phase change materials," Nature Communications 2018, 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467018-06858-y 6. V. E. Babicheva, S. Gamage, L. Zhen, S. Cronin, V. Yakovlev and Y. Abate*, "Near-field Surface Waves in Few-Layer MoS2," ACS Photonics 5, 2106(2018). DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01563 7. V. E. Babicheva, S. Gamage, M. I. Stockman, and Y. Abate*, "Near-field edge fringes at sharp material boundaries," Optics Express 25, 23935, (2017). DOI: 10.1364/OE.25.023935 8. C. McGahan, S. Gamage, J. Liang, B. Cross, R. E Marvel, Richard F Haglund, and Y. Abate*, "Geometric constraints on phase coexistence in vanadium dioxide single crystals," IOP Nanotechnology 28, 085701, (9pp), (2017). DOI:10.1088/1361-6528/aa5652 9. S. Gamage, A. F., N. Aghamiri, L. Yang, P.D. Ye and Y. Abate*, Reliable Passivation of Black Phosphorus by Thin Hybrid Coating. Nanotechnology, Volume 28, Number 26 2017, 28 (26). 10. Y. Abate*, D. Seidlitz, A. Fali, S. Gamage, V. Babicheva, V. S. Yakovlev, M. I. Stockman, R. Collazo, D. Alden, N. Dietz, "Nanoscopy of Phase Separation in InxGa1-xN Alloys", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8 (35), pp 23160–23166. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06766 11. S. Gamage, Z. Li, V. S. Yakovlev, C. Lewis, H. Wang, S. B. Cronin, and Y. Abate*, "Nanoscopy of Black Phosphorus Degradation", Advanced Materials Int. Volume: 3 Issue: 12, Article Number: 1600121. DOI: 10.1002/admi.201600121 (Cover Paper) 12. Y. Abate*, S. Gamage, Z. Li, V. Babicheva, M. H. Javani, H. Wang, S.B. Cronin and M.I. Stockman*, "Nanoscopy Reveals surface-Metallic Black Phosphorus", Nature Light: Science & Applications (2016) 5, e16162. DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.162 13. M. K. I Senevirathna, D. Seidlitz, A. Fali, B. Cross, Y. Abate*, N. Dietz, "Effect of AlN buffer layers on the structural and optoelectronic properties of InN/AlN/Sapphire heterostructures grown by MEPA-MOCVD" Proc Spie 2016, 9954. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237957 14. Y. Abate*, R. E. Marvel, J. I. Ziegler, S. Gamage, M. H. Javani, M. I. Stockman, R. F. Haglund, "Control of plasmonic nanoantennas by reversible metal-insulator transition", Nature Sci. Rep. 5, 13997. (2015). DOI: 10.1038/srep13997 15. D. Seidlitz, M. K. I. S., Y. Abate*, A. Hoffmann and N. Dietz, Optoelectronic and structural properties of InGaN grown by Migration-Enhanced, Plasma-Assisted MOCVD. SPIE Conf. Proc. 9571, paper 9571-25, 14th Int. Conf. SSL & LED-based Illum. Systems 2015. DOI: 10.1117/12.2188612 DISTRIBUTION A: Distribution approved for public release.


High cycle fatigue testing has been carried out on Type 422 stainless steel to determine the performance of cyclically stressed disks and blades in the main and auxiliary HTGR helium circulators. Tests were performed at 316, 482, and 538/sup 0/C (600, 900, and 1000/sup 0/F) in air for the fully reversible and mean load conditions. Goodman's analysis is shown to be valid in predicting failure at 316/sup 0/C (600/sup 0/F), marginally valid at 482/sup 0/C (900/sup 0/F), and probably invalid at 538/sup 0/C (1000/sup 0/F). Metallographic analyses were conducted to characterize the nature of failure for the temperatures and loading conditions investigated.


[Purpose/Significance] Identifying the contextual factors of information needs is of great significance for understanding the generation mechanism of information needs. [Method/Process] Based on the background of the outbreak of COVID-19, this study crawled the question data from the Baidu Zhidao between December 31 in 2019 and March 30 in 2020, using methods such as content analysis and co-occurrence network analysis to identify the themes of netizens' information needs and the associations between them, and discover the characteristics of different information need themes under various contextual factors. [Results/Conclusions] This study extracted 8 primary themes and 33 secondary themes to reflect the information needs of netizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. The top five information needs with the highest attention from netizens are: impacts, preventions, controls, knowledge and education, and symptoms and treatments. From the perspective of the correlation analysis between themes, the relationship between impacts and controls is the strongest, and worries about infection are closely related to symptoms and treatments. In addition, the contextual factors of netizens' information needs are mainly characters, regions, places, and activities. This research provides support for researches on the relationship between information needs and contexts of netizens in public health emergencies, and helps relevant departments provide information to the public in a timely, efficient and accurate manner. © 2021 Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All Rights Reserved.


Letter from Philip A. Berkebile, Executive Vice President at TDNA, to Darrell Colemen, President and Publisher at Wichita Falls Times Record News, on October 25, 2004. The letter is in regards to a prior conversation between Wesley R. Turner and Coleman, in which Coleman accepted his nomination for the TDNA board of directors if offered by the 2005 nomination committee. The nomination committee met and formally nominated Coleman to be one of the four recommended candidates for election.


This paper proposes novel techniques for monitoring the oscillatory modes in wide-area using synchrophasors measurements. The oscillatory modes are identified through the Taylor-Kalman-Fourier, Alternating Kalman, and Taylor-Fourier digital filters, accomplishing a ringdown analysis. They are stated multidimensionally in order to process multiple channels from PMU data. The proposals are tested under noisy conditions with simulated data, exhibiting the capability of identifying multiple electromechanical modes, and providing global information about modal properties of the power system.


Summary:  Purpose: Medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS), with or without cortical dysplasia (CD), is associated with atrophy of the hippocampal formation and regional fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography (FDG‐PET) hypometabolism. The relation between areas of functional and structural abnormalities is not well understood. We investigate the relation between FDG‐PET metabolism and temporal lobe (TL) and hippocampal atrophy in patients with histologically proven isolated HS and HS associated with CD.


Highly directional sound has been termed as the final frontier in Acoustics. Some fairly recent commercial developments, which have resulted from the study of Non-Linear Acoustics, are able to achieve tight acoustic beam-forming with a 45cm diameter ultrasonic transducer array. They make use of sum and difference frequencies in air which are due to the effect of air non-linearity. These devices are called parametric arrays. This thesis documents a project to build a parametric array. It looks at how these systems operate and the steps taken to implement a basic device for the purposes of testing and demonstration. A combination of research and experimentation in simulation and hardware


Migrant rural workers are the weaker group of people in the society.From whatever theory,social security system should cover this group.Unfortunately,the fact is the contrast.What's the cause of it? This article attempts to find out the fundamental reasons barring migrant rural workers from social security system from the perspectives of system design,conception of social security and erroneous understanding of human capital.


A data parallel version of the 3-D transport solver in DANTSYS has been in use on the SIMD CM-200`s at LANL since 1994. This version typically obtains grind times of 150--200 nanoseconds on a 2,048 PE CM-200. The authors have now implemented a new message passing parallel version of DANTSYS, referred to as DANTSYS/MPI, on the 512 PE Cray T3D at Los Alamos. By taking advantage of the SPMD architecture of the Cray T3D, as well as its low latency communications network, they have managed to achieve grind times of less than 10 nanoseconds on real problems. DANTSYS/MPI is fully accelerated using DSA on both the inner and outer iterations. This paper describes the implementation of DANTSYS/MPI on the Cray T3D, and presents two simple performance models for the transport sweep which accurately predict the grind time as a function of the number of PE`s and problem size, or scalability.


The first installation in Australasia of fibreglass storage tanks at a service station took place on May 23 at Mobil's new Pegasus Service Station at Paraparaumu. Fibre reinforced polyester (FRP) tanks and pipe are new products on the Australasian market currently being prototyped in New Zealand. They promise an environmentally safe and, because of low maintenance, an economic means of storing petroleum product underground.


In spite of the goodwill and best efforts of software engineers and usability professionals, systems continue to be built and released with glaring usability flaws that are costly and difficult to fix after the system has been designed and/or built. Although user interface (UI) designers, be they usability or design experts, communicate usability requirements to software development teams, usability features often fail to be implemented as expected. If, as seems likely, software developers intend to implement what UI designers specify and simply do not know how to interpret the architectural ramifications of usability requirements, then Usability-Supporting Architectural Patterns (USAPs) will help to bridge the gap between UI designers and software engineers to produce software architecture solutions that successfully address usability requirements. USAPs achieve this goal by embedding usability concepts in templates that can be used procedurally to guide software engineers' thinking during the complex task of software architecture design. A tool design supports delivery of USAPs to software architects for use in the early stages of the design process.


In a real-world environment a face detector can be applied to extract multiple face images from multiple video streams without constraints on pose and illumination. The extracted face images will have varying image quality and resolution. Moreover, also the detected faces will not be precisely aligned. This paper presents a new approach to on-line face identification from multiple still images obtained under such unconstrained conditions. Our method learns a sparse representation of the most discriminative descriptors of the detected face images according to their classification accuracies.


Background: To evaluate the development of skeletal muscle-like cells derived from human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells induced by 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and hours serum (HS) under in vitro condition. Method: Human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were purified. These cells were cultured in osteogenic or adipogenic induction medium to induce osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. On the other hand, The skeletal myogenic differentiation potential of these cells was investigated using 3µmol 5-azacytidine (5-aza) treatment for 24 hours and Hours serum(HS). In the way that the cells were put in the culture medium containing 5aza for 24 hours and, then were put in the culture medium free of 5-aza for another 4 weeks until sampling. RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the expression of specific skeletal muscle genes including Myogenin, Myh, alphaactin, tropomyosin and myosin at 1-4 weeks after the first induction. Results: The adherent adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited a proliferative capacity and they showed osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation as seen in previous studies. The expression of four skeletal muscle cells genes was detected 1 st to 4 th


The standard scenario for low-mass star formation involves 'inside-out' collapse of a dense molecular cloud core following loss of magnetic field support through ambipolar diffusion. However, isotopic anomalies in presolar grains and meteoritical inclusions imply that the collapse of the presolar cloud may have been triggered by a stellar shock wave. This paper explores 'outside-in' collapse, that is, protostellar collapse initiated directly by the compression of quiescent dense cloud cores impacted by relatively slow stellar shock waves. A second-order accurate, gravitational hydrodynamics code has been used to study both the spherically symmetrical and three-dimensional evolution of initially centrally condensed, isothermal, self-gravitating, solar-mass cloud cores that are struck by stellar shock waves with velocities up to 25 km/s and postshock temperatures of 10 to 10,000 K. The models show that such mild shock waves do not completely shred and destroy the cloud, and that the dynamical ram pressure can compress the cloud to the verge of self-gravitational collapse. However, compression caused by a high postshock temperature is a considerably more effective means of inducing collapse. Shock-induced collapse produces high initial mass accretion rates (greater than 10(exp -4) solar mass/yr in a solar-mass cloud) that decline rapidly to much lower values, depending on the presence (approximately 10(exp -6) solar mass/yr) or absence (approximately 10(exp -8) to 10(exp -7) solar mass/yr) of an infinite reservoir of mass. Stellar mass accretion rates approximately 10(exp -7) solar mass/yr have been previously inferred from the luminosities of T Tauri stars; balanced mass accretion (stellar rate = envelope rate) at approximately 10(exp -7) solar mass/yr could then be possible if accretion occurs from a finite mass reservoir. Fluid tracers are used to determine what fraction of the stellar shock material is incorporated into the resulting protostellar object and disk; roughly half the impinging material is injected into the collapsing cloud core when there is a high postshock temperature. The models are consistent with a scenario where an AGB star wind triggered the collapse of the presolar cloud while injecting about 0.01 solar mass of matter derived from the AGB star envelope, as has been separately inferred on the basis of nucleosynthesis calculations.


Vegetables including asparagus contain a wide range of fatty acids, mainly stored in triacylglycerols. One class of interesting minor fatty acids is the family of furan fatty acids (FuFAs) because of their antioxidant properties. Since FuFAs have not been studied previously in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), we developed and applied a simplified method for their analysis in 20 fresh and three preserved samples. Four FuFAs were detected with clear dominance of the dimethyl‐substituted FuFAs (D‐FuFAs) 11D5 and 9D5 as well as small amounts of the monomethyl‐substituted FuFAs (M‐FuFAs) 11M5 and 9M5. The total amounts of FuFAs in fresh white asparagus ranged from 1.4 to 4.6 mg/100 g dry weight (mean 3.0 mg/100 g dry weight). Subsequent LC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS measurements enabled the detection of 22 different FuFA‐containing TAGs. These were predominantly found together with one or two polyunsaturated fatty acid.