The invention relates to a packaging material of a photovoltaic module, in particular to a high-volume resistivity EVA (Ethylene Vinyl-acetate Copolymer) rubber film and a preparation process of the rubber film. The EVA rubber film comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 82%-94% of EVA resin, 5%-15% of polyolefin elastomer (POE), 0.1%-0.5% of ultraviolet aging resisting additive, 0.3%-1.5% of liquid peroxide cross-linking agent and 0.1%-1.0% of liquid silane coupling agent. The high-volume resistivity EVA rubber film disclosed by the invention reduces the VA content, reduces generation of conductive ions, and can increase the resistivity. The polyolefin elastomer is easy to be cross-linked by the effect of an initiating agent, and a plurality of positions are cross-linked with the EVA molecule, thereby realizing high cross-linking density, firmer molecular chain, smaller free volume, higher resistivity, difficulty in conduction, so the EVA rubber film disclosed by the invention has higher volume resistivity which is as high as 1x1015 ohm.cm or higher.


The present invention relates to a continuous positive airway pressure ( "CPAP") system or respiratory mask (60) is provided with an air flow generating source (20), the. Air flow generating source (20) is or are attached is attached to the mask wearer. In one embodiment, an air flow generating source is mounted on the mask. In another embodiment, an air flow generating source, to the body of the wearer, for example, with respect to the arms and legs and chest and waist, by can be installed, use short air supply tube, the mask and it can be connected to an air flow generating source.


Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a volatile, ringed toxic ether used to sterilize heat‐labile plastics including apheresis sets. In the 1980s, EtO‐associated severe hypersensitivity reactions during hemodialysis led to widespread adoption of alternative sterilization for dialysis kits but not apheresis tubing sets. We now report several cases of EtO‐type hypersensitivity reactions in autologous donors undergoing hematopoietic progenitor cell collection (HPCC).


: Tennis has a strong competitive feature. In the process of participating in the competition, both parties need to compete with each other in terms of physical functions and technical and tactical skills under high intensity, and also need to timely eliminate the various pressures derived from different competition environments and situations. Therefore, paying attention to organizing and carrying out psychological training activities in the training process can help young athletes strengthen their own anti pressure ability, mobilize them to master some effective methods to resolve bad emotions, and then enhance the athletes' sense of self-efficacy in the imperceptible process. In this way, young athletes can be encouraged to give full play to their individual sports skills in the process of participating in the competition, and help their competition level to improve effectively. Based on this background, this paper explores the application value of integrating psychological training into tennis teaching, and puts forward targeted integration suggestions, hoping to help young athletes effectively improve their training efficiency and competition performance.


Hobart, Tues. Dr Grenville Hallow, MP, the Federal Member for Hobart Docks, today put forward a new idea. 'I propose that we grow our own pine apples in Tasmania,' he said, 'so that in future we won't have to bring them all the way down from Queensland. Think of the jobs we will create.' Dr Hallow, whose family company has made a small fortune selling fruit salad and ice-cream to tourists, said that anything Queensland could do, Tasmania could do better. He has asked several banks to lend him $10m to build a hothouse on the northerly slopes of Mount Wellington that will house 10,000 pineapple plants. 'They may not taste the same and they will probably be a lot more ex pensive — about $50 each — but at least we will be able to say that they're ours', he told family and friends at his Hobart Docks office yesterday. A spokesperson for one bank said they were still waiting to see his business plan. {Hobart Herald, 1/4/98)


ABSTRACT Industrial effluents contain many toxic heavy metal ions and they are the main source for water pollution. Different methods are adopted for the purification of infected water. Among the diverse techniques, ion exchange method using conducting polymer based ion exchange material has several advantages over than other traditional methods like adsorption. In the present work, polyaniline/Ti(IV) iodosulphosalicylate (PANI/Ti(IV) ISS) a conducting polymer based ion exchange material was synthesised by sol–gel method via the mixing of inorganic precipitate of Titanium(IV) iodosulphosalicylate (Ti(IV) ISS) into the matrix of organic conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI). The PANI/Ti(IV) ISS conducting polymer based ion exchange material was well characterised using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal (TGA/DTG) analysis. The ion exchange capacity, elution behaviour, elution time and pH titration studies were also investigated. Furthermore a.c. electrical conductivity studies and impedance spectrum of this material also carried out. Some binary separations of heavy metal ions were achieved by the column packed by PANI/Ti(IV) ISS conducting polymer based ion exchange material. PANI/Ti(IV) ISS conducting polymer based ion exchange material showed an ion exchange capacity values (IEC) for Li+, Na+ and K+ which were found to be 1.98, 2.49 and 2.68 meq/g respectively. Based on the distribution coefficient values, PANI/Ti(IV) ISS conducting polymer based ion exchange material was found to be selective for the removal of Pb2+ ion, and the Kd value of 493.02 mL/g for Pb2+ ion from a mixture of toxic metal ions. Pb(II)ion from a synthetic mixture can be removed quantitatively by using PANI/Ti(IV) ISS and it is a promising candidate for ion selective electrode membrane studies.


Introduction In hospitalized COVID-19, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum creatinine is sometimes measured under assumption they predict disease severity and mortality. We determined the potential value of NLR and serum creatinine as predictors of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19. Methods Prospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients admitted to premier COVID-19 treatment hospitals in Ethiopia. Predictive capability of biomarkers in progression and prognosis of COVID-19 was analyzed using receiver operating characteristics. Survival of COVID-19 patients with different biomarker levels was computed. Logistic regression assessed associations between disease severity and mortality on NLR and serum creatinine adjusted for odds ratio (AOR). Results The study enrolled 126 adults with severe (n = 68) or mild/moderate (n = 58) COVID-19, with median age 50 [interquartile range (IQR 20–86)]; 57.1% males. The NLR value was significantly higher in severe cases [6.68 (IQR 3.03–12.21)] compared to the mild/moderate [3.23 (IQR 2.09–5.39)], with the NLR value markedly associated with disease severity (p<0.001). Mortality was higher in severe cases [13 (19.1%)] compared to mild/moderate cases [2 (3.4%)] (p = 0.007). The NLR value was significantly higher in non-survivors [15.17 (IQR 5.13–22.5)] compared to survivors [4.26 (IQR 2.40–7.90)] (p = 0.002). Serum creatinine was significantly elevated in severe cases [34 (50%)] compared with mild/moderate [11 (19%)] (p<0.001). Disease severity [AOR 6.58, 95%CI (1.29–33.56), p = 0.023] and NLR [AOR 1.07, 95%CI (1.02–1.12), p = 0.004)] might be associated with death. NLR had a sensitivity and specificity of 69.1% and 60.3% as predictor of disease severity (cut-off >4.08), and 86.7% and 55.9% as prognostic marker of mortality (cut-off >4.63). Conclusion In COVID-19, NLR is a biomarker with only modest accuracy for predicting disease severity and mortality. Still, patients with NLR >4.63 are more likely to die. Monitoring of this biomarker at the earliest stage of the disease may predict outcome. Additionally, high creatinine seems related to disease severity and mortality.


This paper proposes a novel unsupervised domain adaption (DA) method called ideal regularized kernel subspace alignment (IRKSA) for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. It first uses nonlinear projection to map the original source and target data into kernel space, then incorporates source labels into the source and target kernels by the ideal regularization strategy. In the next, the subspace alignment method is performed on the ideal regularized kernels to diminish the difference between source and target kernels. Finally, a classifier built on the source kernelized subspace data can be used to predict the target data. The proposed IRKSA method exploits both the sample similarity and label similarity and makes the resulting kernel more appropriate for DA tasks. Experimental results show that the performance of IRKSA is better than some classical unsupervised DA methods for the HSI classification.


times and distinguishes in the contemporaneous discussion of it three basic attitudes: the hypothesis (a) of objectivity given principles, (6) of individualistic pluralism and (c) of a universal constitutive philosophic project. With an interesting and clarifying ingenuity he groups with each of these three types a considerable number of eminent or relevant contemporary thinkers, who have discussed this novel fundamental topic; in all no less than thirty, mainly from Germany, France and the United States. A fine, concluding contribution to the Encyclopedia,


The electrical parameters degradation of n-type GaAs solar cells exposed to radiation from high-energy particles has been analyzed by means of computer simulation. Specifically, the radiation damage caused by electron upon the diffusion and recombination currents and the series resistance of the solar cells with different base carrier concentrations have been researched using the NRL method, the PC1D program and a home-made numerical code based on genetic algorithms. Results obtained are useful to predict the behavior of these devices under extreme operating conditions.


The forces involved in a cutting process are related, for example, with the power consumption, with the final quality of the workpiece and with the chip geometry obtained, since these forces determine the compression experimented by the chip and therefore its final geometry. The orthogonal cutting process assisted with a High Speed Filmation (HSF) permit obtains a digital filmation of the process with high magnification. This filmation permits to obtain a measurement of the longitudinal changes produced in the chip. This deforms are related with the Shrinkage Factor, ζ. And in this case the Stabler hypothesis is enabled, by that using the shear angle and the rake angle is possible obtain a value of the Shrinkage Factor in a different conditions.


Computer security system requires the properties of flexibility,stability and self-controllability.Focusing on the flexibility and self-controllability and referring to the directory service theory,this paper developes an identity authentication system for the enterprises by introducing an integrating Kerberos authentication mechanism with LDAP protocol.Kerberos can be applied to the design of certificate authorities architeture and the implementation of the unified authentication and authorization,which significantly improves the security of the indentity authentication system


Objective: Isolated levocardia is a situs abnormality that the heart is in the normal levo position, but the abdominal viscera are in dextro position. Most cases are accompanied by structural heart anomalies. In this case, we aimed to present a fetus with isolated levocardia without cardiac abnormality. Case: The mother was referred to our clinic with a suspicion of fetal dextrocardia at 22 weeks of gestation. When detailed examination was planned by ultrasonography isolated levocardia was detected in fetus. There were no cardiac abnormalities in fetal echocardiography. Fetus was followed up until delivery and newborn was examined again at postnatal period. No problem was detected until the age of 2 years. Conclusion: Fetal situs should be assessed by ultrasonography in all pregnant women.


We tested the antimicrobial drug Oxytetracycline-HCl against the infections of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei which causes the disease African Trypanosomosis. Oxytetracycline-HCl was used to treat rats infected with the disease at early and late stages of infections. Prophylactic administration was also carried out. The results showed that prophylactic treatment only did not inhibit the proliferation of the parasite but with continued administration kept parasitaemia low. Both prophylactic and early stage treatment of the infection extended the lifespan of the animals. Oxytetracycline-HCl was ineffective for the treatment of the late stage of infection. Oxytetracycline with its iron chelating property could be a useful inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, a cell cycle regulated enzyme that in turn regulates cell proliferation. Our experiment suggests that oxytetracycline-HCl could be a good management therapy for the African trypanosomosis if administered at the early stage of infection. Key words : oxytetracycline, sleeping sickness, management


Short selling improves market liquidity by increasing the number of sellers in the market at any given time and short selling also improves pricing efficiency. While the market benefits associated with short selling are significant, the practice also has manipulative potential. This potential for ab...


Background: Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a vitamin K dependent protein and a potent inhibitor of vascular calcification. Desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) is a marker for vitamin K status with high dp-ucMGP concentration reflecting a low vitamin K status. High dp-ucMGP concentrations are thought to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but this has never been investigated in the general population. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of dp-ucMGP with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke in the general population. Design and Methods: A prospective case-cohort study with a representative baseline sample of 1406 participants and 1154 and 380 incident cases of CHD and stroke, respectively, was nested within the EPIC-NL study. Dp-ucMGP concentrations were measured by ELISA technique in baseline plasma samples. The incidence of fatal and non-fatal CHD and stroke was obtained by linkage to national registers. Cox proportional hazard models adapted...


This paper deals with the question of revalorization (rehabilitation) of some fragments of the centre of a small town. The objective has been to discuss how two public squares in the centre of Jeziorany, such as the Old Town Market Square and Castle Square, are planned to be renovated. Both squares need to be re-arranged, modernized and given a special status. The concept of their renewal contains some ideas for the future use and management of these squares and for the shaping of the rows of buildings which flank them. The suggested solutions, once achieved, will prevent the progressing degradation of listed buildings and their surroundings, which in turn will improve the spatial order in the renewed area. PROBLEMATYKA REWALORYZACJI ZABUDOWY ŚRÓDMIEŚCIA W JEZIORANACH – WYBRANE ASPEKTY PROJEKTOWE Marek Zagroba, Maciej Adamczewski, Marcin Czeberkus 1 Katedra Budownictwa i Konstrukcji Budowlanych 2 Studenci z Koła Naukowego Młodych Architektów i Urbanistów "Kreska" działającego przy Katedrze Budownictwa i Konstrukcji Budowlanych Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: architektura, urbanistyka, rewaloryzacja, rewitalizacja, konserwacja zabytków. 1 This report contains some details from designs prepared by students associated in the Kreska Club of Young Architects and Urban Designers, the UWM in Olsztyn and selected elements of designs from B. Sc. dissertations prepared by Maciej Adamczewski and Marcin Czeberkus at the Chair of Civil Engineering and Building Constructions under the supervision of Marek Zagroba, Ph. D., M. Sc. (Arch).


The SiN B2Σ+−X2Σ+ (3800–5200 A) spectrum was excited by continuous introduction of SiCl4 in trace amount into the afterglow produced by microwave excitation of nitrogen. Relative intensities of 21 bands were measured photo-electrically and interpreted with the aid of Franck–Condon factors qν′ν″ and r-centroids in terms of the variation of the electronic transition moment Re(r) with internuclear separation r. It was found that Re(r) could be represented empirically by Re(r) = const.(1−1.27r + 0.412r2), .


Nowadays, organizations focus on knowledge management emphasising that knowledge is one of the most valuable resource. In the knowledge economy where changes in information and technological innovations are incredibly rapid and where the development speed of the environment increases constantly, organisations are forced to improve continually in order to be successful. In this paper, we present the current state of Knowledge Management in Hungary based on an empirical research and the result of it, which defines the factors that describe Knowledge Management Practice of an organization. Moreover we demonstrate our new research, which would measure the role of functional managers in knowledge sharing and which would reveal the factors which affect their knowledge sharing.


In this paper, we mainly summarize secure problems of network coding. Firstly, existing malicious attacks are discussed in detailed definition and classification, and then we describe the relationship and difference among them and point out the basic defense thought of all kinds of malicious attacks. Secondly, aiming at all kinds of malicious attacks, we introduce some classic network coding defense schemes and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we summarize existing network coding defense schemes and propose some improvement ideas.


The effect of TPS Strategy particularly in listening is very important in the study of English language because listening skills are often considered critical in building communication. It provides a new technique which can be applied in listening.
This research, however, is to find out whether TPS Strategy significantly affects students' listening skills at PERGURUAN BUDDHIS BODHICITTA JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL. The result shows that both pre-test and post-test were accumulated in to two different class groups namely, experimental (using TPS Strategy) and controlled group (not using TPS Strategy). The experimental group in pre-test has resulted 58.5 in average while the post-test has resulted 75.5 in average. On the other hand, the controlled group in the pre-test has resulted 52.8 in average  whereas the post-test has resulted 62.2 in average. From the result, it was clear that the use of TPS Strategy (experimental group) gave significant effect on students listening skills.
Key Words: Effect, TPS Strategy, Listening Skills


In this work, we present a rapid, low temperature process for the bonding of silicon to steel through the use of inductive heating for MEMS sensor applications. The bonding process takes as short as three seconds with a maximum bonding temperature as low as 230°C at the steel surface. The bonding strength is strong, and causes minimal damage to steel. The process has also been shown to work using leaded and leadfree bonding solder with minimal surface preparation to the steel. Four characterization experiments – tensile and compressive 4-point bend, axial extension, and fatigue tests – have been performed to validate the bonding process and materials. As such, this work illustrates the promise of applying inductive heating for the rapid silicon bonding to steel components for MEMS sensing applications.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The simple reaction of titanium isopropoxide in benzylamine is shown to lead to remarkably complex, highly ordered hybrid structures. These structures consist of anatase nanoplatelets that were stacked in a lamellar fashion with a small organic layer in between. By careful characterization of these structures, we show that indeed solely the benzylamine solvent is present in the organic moiety between the nanocrystals, which thereby provides both shape control and alignment of the inorganic crystals. The solvent also plays a central role during the anatase formation itself; hence, it enacts control on the forming materials on a multitude of levels.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)


Most of hospitals in Indonesia provide enteral nutrition from fresh foods, yet it has some weaknesses notably not durable, unstandardized nutrition content, and not ready to use. Improvement of enteral nutrition using local food that containing functional substance is very potential. We aim to formulate local food-based enteral nutrition containing high protein, antioxidant and nutritious; analyze the nutrition contain and conduct organoleptic test of the product. This was pure-experimental study conducted along 2017. There were five steps consisted of: (1) Potential local food selection, such as arrowroot as energy source, fish cork and local tempeh as protein, carrot, green bean sprouts and pumpkin as fiber, vitamin and mineral; (2) Ingredients preparation and early formulation, each ingredient was steamed before flouring to minimize odour of the component. We powdered each component using dryer machine, mashed using blender and filtered using pharmaceutical sieve; (3) Nutrition analyses, energy and protein per 100 grams ingredients were 352.69 kcal and 0.23 grams (starch arrowroot), 355 kcal and 0.73 grams (arrowroot flour), 392.17 kcal and 79.33 grams (fish cork flour), 449.67 kcal and 46.5 grams (local tempeh flour), 354 kcal and 38.5 grams (mung bean sprout flour), 356.33 kcal and 10 grams (carrot flour) and 380.63 kcal and 12.67 grams (yellow pumpkin flour); (4) Organoleptic test, conducted by trained panelists. Due to low acceptability and bad flavour impact on the product, arrowroot flour, carrot and mung bean sprouts flour were removed from the formula of the product; (5) Formulation, all components were mixed using homogenous mixer machine and were added skim milk, full cream milk, palm sugar, rice flour and essence into the product to improve nutrition contains and organoleptic components. The conclusion is that starch arrowroot, fish cork, local tempeh and yellow pumpkin floured are potential to be formulated as enteral food to improve nutritional status among malnutrition patients.


A finite switchboard state machine is a specialized finite state machine. It is built by binding the concepts of switching state machines and commutative state machines. The main purpose of this paper is to give a specific algorithm for fuzzy finite switchboard state machine and also, investigates the concepts of switching relation, covering, restricted cascade products and wreath products of fuzzy finite switchboard state machines. More precisely, we study that the direct products/Cartesian compositions of two such fuzzy finite switchboard state machines is again a fuzzy finite switchboard state machine. In addition, we introduce the perfect switchboard machine and establish its Cartesian composition. The relations among the products also been examined. Finally, we introduce asynchronous fuzzy finite switchboard state machine and study the switching homomorphic image of asynchronous fuzzy finite switchboard state machine. We illustrate the definition of a restricted product of fuzzy finite switchboard state machine with the single pattern example.


Abstract : Assumed stress hybrid finite element methods are developed for linear fracture analysis of three dimensional solids and for fracture of metals under high temperature creep conditions. For the 3-D fracture analysis a series of special elements with hexagonal shape have been derived. These elements include the asymptotic singular behavior at the crack tip front. For the fracture analysis of metals at high temperature, a method has been developed to analyze plane problems with growing cracks. From a comprehensive literature survey made for both analytical and experimental studies of crack growth under creep conditions, it is concluded that a possible numerical method is to incorporate the concept of damage parameter by Kachanov. Preliminary development in incorporating such parameter in the finite element creep analysis has been made. (Author)


What task has the passage into the new millennium bequeathed to a European philosophy that intends to understand its own time in thought and that does not wish to remain indifferent to social and political dynamics? Without attributing excessive significance to a date that simply marks the progression of the calendar and not an epochal change, it is still true that, the further we get from that date, the clearer it becomes which aspects of last century's sensibility no longer belong to us and what, instead, may still be a living and fertile inheritance. To begin with, it becomes clearer which cultural dynamics characterised the thought of an age marked by the effort to distance itself from the project of modern reason, in order to comprehend not only its potential, but also its fatal limits and errors. The main events that characterise the first half of the 20 century, with its two World Wars and the experience of totalitarianism, put the crisis of the modern project firmly on the horizon, a crisis already under way by the end of the 19 century, with Marx's analysis of capitalist production and the Nietzschean discovery of the nexus between reason and the relationships of domination between the subject and society. The material and spiritual tendencies of this crisis can be filed under many labels: the 'disenchantment of the world' (Max Weber), the 'uneasiness of civilisation' (Sigmund Freud), the 'decline of the West' (Oswald Spengler), the 'crisis of European humanity' (Edmund Husserl), all expressions that seek to give voice to discontent in their appeal to a cultural and social model that has proven unable to keep its ambitious promises. At the forefront of the inexorable hiatus between the hope for social justice, autonomy and individual freedom, and the reality of a society in which the effects of rationality dominate to a perverse degree, a destructive pathos begins to emerge, as if the only option left for thought is to depart, leaving behind something not only inadequate, but also dangerously violent and illusory. After Auschwitz, Hiroshima and Stalinism's mass exterminations, what is shattered are not just the grand narratives


The directly measuring method of gold by AAS is introduced for gold 100g/t and Fe5% in mineral processing product. The sample is dissolved in aqua regia without enrichment and separation from impurities and successful result is obtained, the relative standard deviation is 6%. The low cost, high efficiency, and quick determination are the advantages of this method. It is applicable to online analysis of production.


Low frequency turbulence present on closed field lines the central plasma sheet has been used to explain ion heating and conic formulation with remarkable success. However, the source for the turbulence has yet to be established, and there are no obvious local sources which could power such a broadband spectrum. Alternatively, observations reveal that ion distributions in the equatorial region are often anisotropic, and such distributions excite waves both above and below the proton gyrofrequency. As these waves propagate to lower altitudes where the magnetic field is stronger, their left-hand circularly polarized component resonates with heavy ions. The presence of a parallel gradient in the magnetic field complicates the details of wave propagation, and as a result, downcoming right-hand circularly polarized waves, which acquire a left-hand circularly polarized component at the crossover frequency, may tunnel through stop zone to altitudes where they resonate with the ions and thus contribute to the observed ion heating. Keywords: Equatorial turbulence, Electromagnetic waves, Mode conversion, Ion conics, Reprints. (jhd)


In the problem of nonhomogeneous field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),echo peaks decay quickly due to traditional design of radio frequency (RF) pulse.In this article,using inverse scattering transform (IST) of the nonlinear dynamics and Shinnar-Le Roux selective excitation pulse design algorithm (SLR Algorithm),we have designed the RF pulse for the nonhomogeneous field MRI.Simulation has been made to test the signal loss induced by the excitation of different types of RF pulses.Simulation results show that the RF pulse sequence optimized by IST and SLR algorithm can improve the signal to noise ratio of MRI considerably


Programmable Logic Controller(PLC) is the most widely utilized and plays an important role in industrial control system. Sequential Function Chart(SFC) is a graphic language which is suitable for describing a sequential control logic in discrete control system. We can design a distribute control construction and a hierarchical control construction in process control system described by SFC. In hierarchical control structure, we construct each subsystems to synchronize a synchronous signal between subsystems, and the command system gives and takes a synchronous signal with subsystems. Therefore, the system has a low memory efficiency and a low system performance. In this paper, we propose the method that improved the efficiency of memory in hierarchical control construction, and confirm its feasibility through an actual example.


With the increasing development of information and communication technology,non-layer and flat network structure has come into being,which is a new organizational mode adapted to dynamic alliance in construction industry.Based on the features of the internal structure of network and the theory of dynamic alliance mode,this paper analyses the types of network organization and the value relation model between member enterprises,and establishes a proper network organization operating platform and management structure for dynamic alliance mode in construction industry.


This paper shows the controller design for a second-order plant with unknown varying behavior in the parameters and in the disturbance. The state adaptive backstepping technique is used as control framework, but important modifications are introduced. The controller design achieves mainly the following two benefits: upper or lower bounds of the time-varying parameters of the model are not required, and the formulation of the control and update laws and stability analysis are simpler than closely related works that use the Nussbaum gain method. The controller has been developed and tested for a DC motor speed control and it has been implemented in a Rapid Control Prototyping system based on Digital Signal Processing for dSPACE platform. The motor speed converges to a predefined desired output signal.


In the decade-plus following the 2008 global financial crisis, the United States experienced steady economic growth that evolved into the longest expansion in the country's recorded history. It's fair to say that very few people expected a pandemic to end the run. COVID-19 upended life as we knew it in 2020, and the economic fallout was catastrophic. In this Article, we examine these two historic episodes in order to tease out important lessons for policymakers. These lessons are derived by analyzing the key similarities and differences between the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 crisis. The similarities include the reaction of market participants to the source of the contagion, the increased demand for U.S. dollars, the withdrawal of investors from short-term funding markets, the actions of the Federal Reserve to backstop financial markets, and the significant announcement effect of the government's plans to intervene. The differences include the type of shock, the unprecedented lack of liquidity in the U.S. Treasury market in March 2020, the speed and nature of the government response, and the diverse trajectories of the economic crash and subsequent rebound. Through this compare-and-contrast exercise, we observe that the following lessons are worth keeping in mind as policymakers work to reduce the incidence and severity of future financial crises: 1. The type of shock matters to the speed and manner in which financial contagion materializes. 2. Investors will fire sell assets in a crisis because cash (and specifically the U.S. dollar) is king when market volatility spikes. 3. Short-term funding markets are fragile, typically the first to dislocate in a financial panic, and systemically critical. 4. The government's response to an incipient crisis should be aggressive in both size and speed. 5. The central bank's role as lender of last resort is crucial in quelling a financial crisis. 6. The government often can calm market jitters by simply announcing credible support mechanisms. 7. Having a banking sector that is a source of strength makes a tremendous difference. Policymakers cannot predict the timing or contours of the next crisis with certainty. But bearing these lessons in mind, they can act in a way that will mitigate the harm caused by that crisis.


The main objective of this study is to improve the earthquake resistance of existing two-storey adobe dwellings. In order to evaluate the efficiency of six strengthening alternatives for adobe houses, a same number of analytical models were studied under the effect of El Centro earthquake, using a threedimensional dynamic FEM-program. Prior, a fieldwork in a local neighborhood of Cuzco, Peru had been made to achieve technical and social-economical information about the people and their houses. The six strengthening alternatives evaluated were: horizontal diaphragms; collar beams; vertical tension bars; additional interior walls; welded wire mesh and vertical diagonal stiffeners. The selected alternatives, (diaphragm, additional wall and mesh) have been made considering effectiveness, cost and applicability. Then they had been combined in one model, given as a result an average reduction of 35% of the element stresses compared to the unreinforced model. Besides the technical study, a social-economical survey was done to determine whether it is cost-effective for the government to invest in the improvement of twostorey adobe dwellings. For this calculation, statistics about damage of previous earthquakes, demographic data of Cuzco and information from the interviews was used to model the expected economical loss for the government when an earthquake occurs. To analyze this problem, a system dynamic calculating program was used. In order to convince and help people to reinforce their house, the government should invest in a reinforcement project. Calculations show that the government can invest US$ 104 in the weakest houses of and US$ 52 in stronger houses. Multiple possibilities for the investment in the reinforcements of houses have been found. Its applications will depend on local conditions and the attitude of the government towards a reinforcement project.


Although there is a long period since the problem of public debt sustainability captures the attention of economists, today continues to be no unanimity concerning an adequate unique sustainability indicator or function generally accepted. Moreover, during the actual period of global crisis and reforming at the EU level of fiscal policy, the debt sustainability has become an extremely important issue. In this line of elaborating new models and improving methodologies in order to quantify the impact of various factors on public debt sustainability is our study. During its period of pre- and post-accession into EU, and moreover in actual crisis time, Romanian economy is facing to a number of dificile problems. Among these, the public debt sustainability plays a central role, its implications being practically expanded on all fields connected to the economic dynamics. This study is analyzing past and current situation as well as potential factors affecting fiscal and public debt sustainability over next period. A descriptive analysis of the main fiscal challenges for the the next period is made, focusing in particular on future budgetary pressures of sufficient magnitude to affect fiscal sustainability (e.g. pensions). The forecast takes into account: current fiscal policies as set out in the Fiscal Strategy, projections from international organizations, certain assumptions and own estimations, etc.


Nowadays many clustered file systems adopt asynchronous encoding which transforms replicated data into erasure coding to maintain data availability with bounded storage overhead. Existing implementations of asynchronous encoding construct coding stripes with logically sequential data blocks, which suffers from heavy cross-rack traffic and necessitates data block redistribution. Recent work [12] solves this problem by carefully distributing replicated data blocks among racks at the time when they are being written, but it is not applicable to the cases when existing systems have different data layouts or the data layout changes. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Stripe Construction (DSC) to transform N-way replication to erasure coding. DSC does not induce to any cross-rack traffic for encoding, and it does not require data block redistribution after encoding. Besides, DSC is general enough to be applied to any existing CFSes with various erasure codes, and it can also be deployed on a distributed file system in a hot-plugging-in manner. To validate the effectiveness of DSC, we implement it on HDFS. Through extensive testbed experiments in a real storage cluster, we show that DSC can significantly increase the encoding throughput and reduce the foreground user response time over the traditional approach.


Currently,with the rapid development of drug delivery technologies,more and more efforts are taken into the efficient therapies for various diseases by delivering biologically-active macromolecules into the target cells directly.Although a certain number of positive treatment results were obtained from the therapies by using the biomacromolecules to cure some diseases,the microenvironment around the target cell still has a great influence on the final treatment effect.Since many diseases and injuries interfere the normal architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM),the cell adhesion to ECM and the subsequent cellular activities,the normal microenvironment of the cell plays a critical role in maintaining body balance,tissue regeneration and repair.Given these points,this paper reviews the effects of the cellular microenvironment constructed by ECM on the efficacy of bioactive macromolecules,and provides a theoretical basis for future drug design and synthesis of pharmaceuticals.

Key words:
Biomacromolecule;  Therapy;  Cellular microenvironment


sarmientoi : environment, genetics, and morphology of palosantales. Gonopterodendron sarmientoi is a native tree species from Chaco region forest that grows in mixed forest or in pure dense forests (palosantales). Due to habitat destruction and high exploitation, G. sarmientoi is threatened; hence, baseline information about the forests where the species grows is needed to guide future management and conservation programs. The objective of this article is to characterize the environment, genetic diversity and morphology of G. sarmientoi 's palosantales (n=10), in relation to the species' mixed forests (n=14). For that, along the whole range of the species distribution, we compared the palosantales and mixed forests regarding their composition of plant species and site a�ributes (soil type and vegetation index), genetic diversity obtained with neutral markers, and leaf and tree morphological traits. The palosantales were characterized by having fewer companion species forests (mean 8; min. 1; max. 14), predominantly with shrub species, in relation to mixed forests (mean 10; min. 8; max. 13). The soils of the palosantales showed high content of clay and low levels of organic carbon and sand. The lowest nutrients sampled sites were palosantales located in the center-west of the species range, in the triple border Argentina-Bolivia-Paraguay, and in the palosantales on Bermejo river paleochannels (Argentina). The vegetation index confirmed the low productivity of palosantales forests (NDVI palosantales 0.38; NDVI mixed forests 0.51). The palosantales were similar in genetic diversity with respect to mixed forest (nucleotide diversity 0.00103 vs 0.00120; Shannon index 0.89 vs 1.02, respectively). Morphologically, G. sarmientoi trees in the palosantales were shorter and shrubbier than the mixed forest trees. The forests of G. sarmientoi require focused research that considers the singularities of each type of forest, allowing conservation of the species and the derived ecosystem services.


The utility model discloses a universal gasoline engine muffler structure which comprises an outer shell and an inner shell arranged in the cavity of the outer shell. The outer shell and the inner shell have the same gas inlet. A first vent hole is arranged at the upper end of the inner shell. The universal gasoline engine muffler structure is characterized in that a catalyst box is arranged in the outer shell, the catalyst box and the inner shell divide the internal part of the outer shell into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a second vent hole is arranged at the upper end of the catalyst box, a third vent hole is arranged at the lower end of the catalyst box and an air outlet is arranged on the outer shell of the lower chamber. In the utility model, catalysts are not directly arranged but the catalyst box is arranged and is used for assembling and disassembling the catalysts. Thereby, when a universal gasoline engine installed with the muffler structure is used in places which have high requirements on emission, tail gas exhausted from the gas outlet of the muffler can reach the emission standard; and when the universal gasoline engine is used in places which do not have requirements on emission, the catalysts can be detached to reduced the use cost.


This article provides information about the method of obtaining potassium humate obtained from brown coal of the Lenger deposit, and also describes the elemental and mineralogical composition of potassium humate determined with SEM (JSM-6490l V, Jeol). Kinetic data on the decomposition of brown coal with solutions of potassium hydroxide are presented. The area of chemical reactions and the activation energy are determined. The benefits of the obtained potassium humate are that they are environmentally safe and have high bioactivity. They are also characterized by a high content of humic substances that are involved in the structure formation of the soil, accelerate biochemical processes, and increase the physical and chemical characteristics in the soil. Under the influence of humate-containing substances, the function of microflora elements in the soil is activated, and the number of beneficial microorganisms increases.


Time as a resource the context - forces at work the school day in the United Kingdom the school day worldwide the school year and the total quantity of schooling time for the curriculum, and beyond modular time time in the classroom time for individual study time for parents and the community personal time management school time in the future strategies for change. Appendix: 15 school day examples, worldwide.


Abstract Diethyl esters of 1-N-substituted thioamido-phenylmethanephosphonic acids are obtained from 0,0-diethyl phenylmethanephosphonate, sodium amide as a metallation agent and alkyl- or arylisothiocyanates. It is established that parallel reactions also occur, resulting in the formation of the respective 1,3-disubstituted thioureas and 0-ethylthiocarbamates. These represent the main reaction products in the cases when ethanephosphonic acid diethyl ester is used as a starting reagent.


When simulated acid rain was added to the normal and copper-amended soil, significant reduction of nitrifying activity was detected in the latter. This suggests that the addition of acid rain to copper amended soil will inhibit specific soil microbial activity even when copper is present at a sub-toxic level.


The Four Corners region of the American Southwest, where the states of New Mexico, Utah, Colorado and Arizona meet, is home to a cultural and historic legacy unique in the nation. Native American villages high atop Arizona's Third Mesa are the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the U.S. More archaeological sites exist in this region than in any other part of the country. Pueblo and Navajo cultures continue to inhabit a landscape where all forms of nature are sacred.


A high throughput methodology for the study of surface segregation in alloys has been developed and applied to the Cu x Pd 1―x system. A novel offset-filament deposition tool was used to prepare Cu x Pd 1―x composition spread alloy films (CSAFs), high throughput sample libraries with continuous lateral composition variation spanning the range x = 0.05―0.95. Spatially resolved low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the films' top-surface and near-surface compositions, respectively, as functions of alloy composition, x, and temperature. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to identify the bulk phases in the CSAF as a function of alloy composition, x. Films equilibrated by annealing at temperatures ≥ 700 K displayed preferential segregation of Cu to their top-surfaces at all bulk compositions; segregation patterns did not, however, depend on local structure. The Langmuir―McLean thermodynamic model was applied to segregation measurements made in the temperature range 700―900 K in order to estimate the enthalpy (ΔH seg ) and entropy (ΔS seg ) of segregation as a function of bulk Cu x Pd 1―x composition. Segregation measurements at x = 0.30 on the CSAF compare well with results previously reported for a bulk, polycrystalline Cu 0.30 Pd 0.70 alloy, demonstrating the utility of the CSAF as a high throughput library for study of segregation.


Pompe disease (PD) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding acid alpha‐glucosidase (GAA), the enzyme responsible for lysosomal breakdown of glycogen. The rate of PD progression corresponds to the amount of residual GAA enzyme activity. Infantile‐onset Pompe disease is caused a by a complete lack of GAA activity, with patients typically progressing to cardiorespiratory failure within the first year of life. Late‐onset PD patients retain some GAA activity and present symptoms later in life, with fatality mainly associated with respiratory failure. This case study presents a histological analysis of the brainstem and spinal cord from a male PD patient who was diagnosed with late‐onset PD at age 35. The patient was wheelchair dependent by age 38, displayed progressive respiratory insufficiency with requirement for nocturnal ventilation at age 40, required 24‐hour non‐invasive ventilation by age 43, and passed away from respiratory failure at age 54. Autopsy was performed approximately 8 hours after death with informed consent. The brain and spinal cord were preserved in a 20% formalin solution and embedded in paraffin for subsequent histological assessment. Tissue sections were cut at 4 µm and stained with periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) to assess glycogen content, cresyl violet to assess neuronal morphology, and Iba‐1 to characterize microglia as a marker of neuroinflammation. Positive PAS confirmed glycogen accumulation in neurons throughout the medulla and spinal cord. However, striking differences in neuronal morphology were present across the neuraxis. Hypoglossal motoneurons in the medulla (n=46, soma size: 421 ± 159 µm2) and putative motoneurons in the ventral cervical horn (n=50, soma size: 487 ± 189 µm2) had an atrophied, elongated appearance. In contrast, lumbar (n=63, soma size: 1363 ± 677 µm2) and sacral motoneurons (n=31, soma size: 1411 ± 633 µm2) had the classic ballooned morphology seen in early‐onset PD. The Iba‐1 staining showed an accumulation of microglia in the white matter of the cervical cord. In contrast, Iba‐1 staining was localized to the gray matter in the lumbo‐sacral spinal cord. These histological data confirm glycogen accumulation and pathology in brainstem and spinal neurons in late‐onset PD. Further, the markedly atrophied appearance of hypoglossal and mid‐cervical motoneurons is consistent with neurodegeneration and the concept that effective PD therapy will need to target the central nervous system, in addition to skeletal and cardiac muscle.


Discussed the composing and characteristic of the balance model foam concentrate mix equipment;analyzed common problems of the equipment during test and the corresponding suggestions were proposed.


To investigate the effects of partially substitution of lanthanum for bismuth in the BiScO3-PbTiO3 (BSPT) ceramics, the 0.38(Bi1-xLax)ScO3-0.62PbTiO3 (BLSPTx) ceramics were prepared by using conventional solid state process. It was found that the partial replacement of lanthanum for bismuth do not affects the crystalline structure of the BSPT ceramics. With increasing of the lanthanum content, the grains of BLSPTx ceramics grown much bigger than those of BSPT ceramics when BLSPTx and BSPT ceramics were sintered at the same temperature. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity of BLSPTx ceramics shows that the Curie temperature (Tc) shifts toward lower temperature with the increasing of lanthanum content, and the BLSPTx samples for x=0.02 show the highest value of the dielectric constant at Tc.


The influence of the hydraulic striking on the machine tool hydraulic system was introduced and the countermeasure was presented for how to overcome the influence as well as some application examples in the practice.


. An automorphism defined on an evolution algebra can provide both a finite number and an infinite number of evolution operators on it. This question is dealt with in the paper, as well as others more related to the evolution operators of evolution algebras. After defining the concept of the set of evolution operators of an evolution algebra, differences between trivial and non-trivial sets of evolution operators are also covered. Some properties of these concepts are studied and several examples of the above is-sues are shown.


In this paper, we propose a web-based bilingual concordancer, DOMCAT, for domain-specific computer assisted translation. Given a multi-word expression as a query, the system involves retrieving sentence pairs from a bilingual corpus, identifying translation equivalents of the query in the sentence pairs (translation spotting) and ranking the retrieved sentence pairs according to the relevance between the query and the translation equivalents. To provide high-precision translation spotting for domain-specific translation tasks, we exploited a normalized correlation method to spot the translation equivalents. To ranking the retrieved sentence pairs, we propose a correlation function modified from the Dice coefficient for assessing the correlation between the query and the translation equivalents. The performances of the translation spotting module and the ranking module are evaluated in terms of precision-recall measures and coverage rate respectively.


In order to explore the adsorption characteristics of lignin lignosulfonate on solid plate, sodium lignosulfonate(SL) was used as polyanion to build up multilayer films at planar substrate by using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDAC) as the polycation. The adsorption characteristics were monitored by Uv-vis spectroscopy, ellipsometer, AFM, and contact angle measurements. Results show that the self-assembly of SL microgels and PDAC is mainly driven by hydrophobic interaction. The SL/PDAC self-assembly films are thin—the thickness of 10 bilayer SL/PDAC self-assembly film is no more than 18 nm. The film surfaces are generally flat and the surface wettability of SL/PDAC multilayers shows a jagged profile when the outmost layer varies between SL and PDAC, and the averaged contact angle of SL layer is about 50°. The total adsorbed amount of SL on polycations comes from adsorption of single molecules and aggregates. Under low concentration, SL adsorption is dominated by the adsorption of single molecules. The adsorption rate is relatively fast, and the adsorption rate has little change with increasing concentrations. Under high concentration, SL adsorption is controlled by the adsorption of both single molecules and SL aggregates. The adsorption rate is relatively slow, and the adsorption rate decreases with increasing concentrations.


Abstract : In this report, 26 papers presented at the 1993 Scientific Conference on Obscuration and Aerosol Research are included under the headings of Aerosol Dynamics, Aerosol Characterization Methods, and Optical Properties of Aerosols. Obscurants, Aerosols, Extinction, Transmission, Obscuration, Aerosol, Absorption, Infrared, Scattering, Sizing, Smoke.


Abstract : This report describes the evaluation of the Converging Runway Display Aid (CRDA) which has been used in an operational environment at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport since December 1990. The intent of the evaluation has been to determine the operational benefits of using CRDA at St. Louis and to assess the operational suitability of the aid for national implementation at those airports which have converging or intersecting runway configurations. As a result of the evaluation, it was determined that the CRDA computer/human interface is operationally suitable, use of CRDA can increase airport capacity, with the DCIA procedures provides an acceptable margin of safety. This report supports the decision to proceed with the national implementation of CRDA and provides guidance material for potential users of the aid.... Dependent converging instrument approaches, DCIAs, Ghosting, Airport capacity, Tieing, Staggering, Converging runway display aid, CRDA.


To test the reliability of two computational methods for segmenting cerebral iron deposits (IDs) in the aging brain, given that its measurement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging due to the similar effect produced by other minerals, especially calcium, on T2*‐weighted sequences.


Optimal reconfigurable hardware implementations may require the use of arbitrary floating-point formats that do not necessarily conform to IEEE specified sizes. We present a variable precision floating-point library (VFloat) that supports general floating-point formats including IEEE standard formats. Most previously published floating-point formats for use with reconfigurable hardware are subsets of our format. Custom datapaths with optimal bitwidths for each operation can be built using the variable precision hardware modules in the VFloat library, enabling a higher level of parallelism. The VFloat library includes three types of hardware modules for format control, arithmetic operations, and conversions between fixed-point and floating-point formats. The format conversions allow for hybrid fixed- and floating-point operations in a single design. This gives the designer control over a large number of design possibilities including format as well as number range within the same application. In this article, we give an overview of the components in the VFloat library and demonstrate their use in an implementation of the K-means clustering algorithm applied to multispectral satellite images.


A theory for solute diffusion in crystals with the diamond structure such as germanium and silicon is derived by considering the effect of impurity ion size difference and also the coulombic interaction between impurity ions and charged vacancies. The theory is compared with experimental results reported for germanium and silicon and the agreement is considered quite good. The experimental observations that n‐type impurities diffuse considerably faster than p‐type impurities in germanium, whereas the opposite effect is observed in silicon, are explained by the theory. Because of the relation between the Fermi energy and vacancy acceptor level, the coulombic interaction is shown to be the predominating factor in germanium, whereas in silicon the size difference between impurity ions is shown to predominate.


Abstract ICRP was established in 1928 as the International X ray and Radium Protection Committee. In 1950 the name was changed to reflect the wider scope of radiological protection. The present memberships of the Main Commission and its four Committees were established in July 1997 for the period 1997~2001. The Main Commission agreed their programmes of work after the first meetings of the Committees in September 1997. An outline of these programmes is given here and represents the priorities that ICRP currently sees as the millennium approaches.


This paper focuses on a state-space based approach for the identification of a rather general nonlinear block-structured model. The model has several Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) static polynomial nonlinearities connected to a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) dynamic part. The presented method is an extension and improvement of prior work, where at most two nonlinearities could be identified. The location of the nonlinearities or their relation to other parts of the model does not have to be known beforehand: the method is a black-box approach, in which no states, internal signals or structural properties need to be measured or known. The first step is to estimate a partly structured polynomial (nonlinear) state-space model from input-output measurements. Secondly, an algebraic approach is used to split the dynamics and the nonlinearities by decomposing the multivariate polynomial coefficients.


The quasiparticle representation of the phonon damping model is developed to include the superfluid pairing correlations microscopically. The formalism is applied to calculate the photoabsorption and the electromagnetic (EM) differential cross sections of E1 excitations in neutron-rich oxygen and calcium isotopes. The calculated photoabsorption cross sections agree reasonably well with the available data for 16,18O and 40,48Ca. The results of calculations show that the change of the fraction of the E1 integrated strength in the region of pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) as a function of mass number A with increasing the neutron number N is in agreement with the recent experimental data, and does not follow the prediction by the simple cluster model. The EM differential cross sections obtained within PDM in this work show prominent PDR peaks below 15 MeV for 20,22O in agreement with the recent experimental observation. It is also shown that, using low-energy and intensive RI beams at around 50–60 MeV/nucleon, one can observe clean and even enhanced PDR peaks without the admixture with the giant dipole resonance in the EM differential cross sections of neutron-rich nuclei.


Electron impact fragmentations of some simple organic molecules have been investigated, making use of excess energy measurements. The results give values for the heats of formation to be 143, 191, and 148 kcal/mole for H3O+, H3S+, and NH4+, respectively. These values are consistent with limitations imposed by ion–molecule reactions and with crystal‐lattice calculations.


Agricultural industrialization plays an important role in promoting agricultural modernization,so it is important to play the role of farmers′ cooperative economic organization in various forms,with the integration between internal and external factors,perfecting farmers′ cooperative economic organization and accelerating agricultural industrialization.


Two bridged substituted styryl pyrazine derivatives have been synthesized in this work. The effects of environmental temperature,solvent polarity and viscosity on the photophysics and luminescence behavior of these compounds were studied in detail. Results indicated that a equilibrium between coplanar and twisted conformations existed,and environmental temperature, solvent polarity and viscosity could affect the conformation of these compounds. The twisted conformation was favorable for luminescence, and the excited coplanar molecule could relax to the twisted conformation. Independence between fluorescence quantum yields and solvent polarity at room temperature make it possibly to develop a novel probe for detecting the microviscosity specially.


The adoption of innovations based on information and communications technologies (ICT) produces three types of transformations in companies. First off, ICTs can reduce transaction costs, which include those of coordination, information, motivation, control and supervision. Technological innovations can also contribute to the development of new capabilities within the company. Furthermore, ICT-based innovations can aid in the development of more dynamic and flexible business structures. The PwC&IESE eBusiness Center has published a study led by Professor Sandra Sieber which analyzes the scope of each of these changes at twelve Spanish companies, all having successfully adopted ICT-based innovations.


An axial movement of material (a continuous elastic web) through the system of fiхеd synchro rotating rollers is сonsidеrеd. It is supposed that the nеighboring pairs of rollers are loсatеd at diffеrеnt lеvеls in hеight rеlativе to еaсh othеr. This сondition is rеalizеd for ехamplе in thе dryеr sесtion of papеr maсhinе. Thе moving wеb is modеllеd by a сontinuous membranе panеl supportеd by a systеm of fiхеd rollеrs, so that thе simplе support соnditions are realized at thе еnd points of еaсh span. Thе сonsidеration is rеstriсtеd bу onе span. Thе membranе panеl movеs in aхial dirесtion and makеs transvеrsе еlastiс vibrations dеsсribеd in Еulеr сoordinatеs. Thеsе arising small vibrations dеfinе thе loсаl aссеlеration, Coriolis aссеlеratiоn and thе сеntripеtal aссеlеration. Taking intо aссоunt thе position of thе supports thе aхial movеmеnt of thе mеmbranе panеl is aссеlеratеd and it is rеalizеd undеr aсtion of aхial tеnsion and thе сomponent оf gravity forсе. Thе solutions оf thе dеfining еquation of thе panеl dynamiсs are presentеd in thе form of timе harmoniсs. Тhе amplitudе funсtiоn is сonsidеrеd and thе auхiliary variablеs arе introduсеd.Тhrough a sеriеs of suссеssivе transformations thе dеfining diffеrеntial equation оf thе panеl dуnamiсs is rеduсеd to Gauss's hypеrgеomеtriс еquation. Thе solution of this еquation is givеn analytiсally in thе form of hypеrgеоmеtriс sеriеs. The result obtained is of theoretical interest and can be useful for making practical assessments of the material movement process.


Physical properties were investigated of ODPA-p-PDA polyimide films, including their lower molecular weight versions with phthalimide endcaps. Free volume, determined by low energy positron annihilation in the test films, was the major parameter of interest since all other physical properties are ostensibly related to it. It affects the dielectric constant as well as the saturation moisture pickup of the test films. An empirical relation was developed between the free volume and molecular weight of the test films, comparable to the Mark-Houwink relation between the polymer solution viscosity and the molecular weight. Development of such a relation constitutes a unique achievement since it enables researchers to estimate the molecular weight of an intractable polymer in solid state for the first time.


Multitrack detection for shingled magnetic recording (SMR) using a two-head array system is considered. The channel suffers from intersymbol interference (ISI) in the down-track direction and intertrack interference (ITI) in the crosstrack direction. We propose a practical multihead/multitrack detector that provides a low-complexity approach to adaptive estimation of time-varying ITI. The performance of the proposed detection algorithm is analyzed in terms of its minimum distance parameter, and simulation results show that the proposed detector offers a performance advantage in settings where complexity constraints limit the maximum-likelihood two-track detector to use a static ITI estimate.


International crimes,transnational crimes or alien-related crimes in particular,develop with the international movement of logistics,human resources,currencies,and information as well.The higher the degree of globalization of national or regional economy develops,the greater the possibilities of the occurrence of international crimes would be.The construction of Central Plain Economic Region meets with the breeding conditions of international crimes.Hence,precautions should be taken in relevant provinces,esp.in Henan province,against the occurrence and spread of such crimes.Researches should be actively made into the fields of international crimes,alien-related criminal justice,and international policing,while measures taken to cultivate personnel specialized in international policing areas.


Several continuous-time formulations in the literature address the most demanding problem of scheduling in multipurpose batch plants. These formulations can be broadly classified into two types based on the assignment binary variables. They are (i) Formulations with decoupling and (ii) ones without decoupling. The former rely on the postulation that decoupling the tasks from units reduces the number of assignment binaries. In contrary, the latter do not decouple the tasks from units but use the assignment binaries as such. In this work, we present a new, simpler and more efficient continuous-time mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation based on our proven opinion that formulations without decoupling necessarily require the same number of binaries that formulations with decoupling do.


Product reviews and scores have a direct impact on consumers ' buying behavior. However, there are inconsistency between reviews and scores. Based on the linguistic Appraisal Theory from the perspective of engagement in the theory-construction index system, this article puts forward online product reviews-scores correction method. The method is applied to verify and correct the real product reviews data. The result shows that this method cannot only explain the differences between reviews and scores and reflect the real scores of the products, but also help consumers make better decisions and improve the network evaluation mechanisms.


An objective of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service (ARS) is to develop technology leading to a broad portfolio of value-added marketable products. Modern scientific disciplines such as chemical engineering are brought into play to develop processes for converting bulk commodities into high-margin products. To accomplish this, the extremely sophisticated processing devices which form the basis of modern biotechnology, namely, genes and enzymes, can be tailored to perform the required functions. The USDA/ARS is a leader in the development of intelligent processing equipment (IPE) for agriculture in the broadest sense. Applications of IPE are found in the production, processing, grading, and marketing aspects of agriculture. Various biotechnology applications of IPE are discussed.


This paper investigates the tensile creep of early-age concrete subjected to intrinsic hydration temperature rise and autogenous shrinkage. Through a temperature stress test machine (TSTM), the tensile creep of early-age concrete is studied experimentally. Then, a double power law is attributed to the tensile creep with the model parameters identified from the test results. The calibrated tensile creep model is used to calculate the internal stress of a concrete structure at early-age. Both experimental data and numerical results show that the tensile creep is very different from compressive creep and the direct use of compressive creep in early-age stress evaluation of concrete stress would give unsafe results.


In this paper,a brief introduction to soft-measurement technique is presented,and the recent research and application achievements of some softmeasurement technique in pulping and papermaking industry at home are introduced in detail.


The study employed a quasi-experiment design to evaluate the effect of using Spreadsheet Instructional Method as compared to a Conventional Method on students' performance in quadratic functions. Lessons delivered with both approaches employed a guided discovery; a mix of direct instruction and hands-on activities in a context in which mathematics learning have been deep-rooted in teacher-centred approaches of teaching. Interviews and teacher made achievement test were used to collect data from senior high school students in Ghana. Data was analysed using paired sample t-test and analysis of covariance for the achievement test whereas interviews were transcribed and coded using data reduction technique. The study showed that the Spreadsheet Instructional Method served a useful pedagogical approach, impacted more on the students' performance and has the potential of improving teaching and learning mathematics in Senior High schools. The use of the spreadsheet made lessons more practical and interesting; gave students greater opportunities to verify results and make links between spreadsheet formula, quadratic functions and graphs. In spite of its potential, the study recognized that for spreadsheet to be effective in teaching mathematical concepts, a mix of direct instruction and hands-on activities should guide the lesson development and delivery.


This article examines Donald M. Murray's ideas about what he considered the essential solitude of all writing and what happens within that solitude. Murray, a pioneer of the process and modern expressivism movements in composition, identified a number of forces that he felt were at work within his mind whenever he wrote; this complicated aloneness strongly influenced his model of writing and his pedagogy. The author links Murray's aloneness both to the rhetorical self theorized by Jean Nienkamp and to postmodern ideas about self and identity.


A portable monitor was built to record and store electromyographic signals (EMG). The monitor is based on a MC68332 32-bit microcontroller and stores four channels of EMG on a memory-card. The data can afterwards easily be transferred to a host system for further analysis. The device was built to monitor involuntary muscle spasms in spinal cord injury patients but is also used for EMG recording in gait studies.


We consider a transmission problem for a model describing the evolution of sound in a compressible fluid. Assuming that dissipative mechanisms of memory type are e¤ective in part of the boundary, the coe‰cients are piecewise constants and suitable geometric conditions on the domain and the interfaces, we prove that the total energy associated with the model decays exponentially fast as t ! þy.


This paper reports on the prospects and aspects of a flexible learning environment. A computer was found to provide one possible option for developing a flexible environment. With the help of a computer, a Flexible Access Instruction Program was to be designed and developed. This FAI was customised to suit the needs of the students in learning the concepts of Engineering Dynamics. The proposed topic of Impulse and Momentum in first year Engineering Dynamics was chosen for the development and implementation of the FAI program. The reason for having to develop a flexible learning environment is discussed, this itself being problem solving in the area of designing a flexible access instruction. The need for this type of instruction is also part of the adaptive learning environment that is still under development at RMIT, in the Department of Aerospace Engineering.


This paper explores how Activists from Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University rethink the transgender subject position in social and religious lives then come to the idea of Religious Practice Partnering Program working together with Transgender santri. The question on LGBT right in social and religious lives have been an attention of activists, scholars including Kecia Ali and Scott Kugle, in decades. As part of responding LGBT questions and phenomenon, The activists have taken part in discussing transgender's place in Islam, contending that Islam is blessing for all mankind, thus insisted on teaching different Islam, as part of the program, that challenge dominant assumption. The paper finds that the process of rethinking waria subject position starts from rethinking gender binary, contending that there is legal vacuum in Islamic law, and categorizing transgender as mukhanats. This process then led them to come to theidea of Religious Practice PartneringProgramthatmay be a space for transgender and scholars to discuss transgenderism in both social andreligious iives.


A topological classification, up to Liouville (leafwise) equivalence of integrable Hamiltonian systems given by flows with a smooth potential on two-dimensional surfaces of revolution is presented. It is shown that the restrictions of such systems to three-dimensional isoenergy surfaces can be modelled by the geodesic flows (without potential) of certain surfaces of revolution. It is also shown that in many important cases the systems under consideration are equivalent to other well-known mechanical systems. Bibliography: 29 titles.


Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) are a form of statutory pension program designed to invest employee retirement assets in the stock of the employer.1 A leveraged ESOP borrows money to finance the stock purchase. As a congressionally sanctioned "technique of corporate finance," 2 the leveraged ESOP program represents the leading legislative effort to date to transfer controlling equity blocks in American corporations from outside shareholders to workers. While the cost of the program's tax subsidies has not been reliably calculated, the foregone revenues to the Treasury could well exceed several billion dollars annually. 3


This paper explores the impact of the evolving evaluation metrics used to evaluate synthetic data and the related generative mechanism in the context of Differential Privacy (DP). Specifically, the authors provide an overview of current synthetic data evaluation methodologies and most commonly used metrics, identifying improvement possibilities. As the field continues to evolve, the authors also propose an improved version of a previously introduced comprehensive evaluation metric useful to redefine such evaluation frameworks in order to make them more complete and exhaustive. This proposed composite metric offers new ideas and directions for future comprehensive quantitative analysis of differentially private synthetic data and, thus, of their related generators.


Abstract. Aulia ED, Hadi TA, Utama RS. 2021. Sponge community (Porifera) in coral reef ecosystem in Sabang, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3394-3402. Sponges are one of the most influential benthic organisms in coral reef ecosystems. Many studies about sponge communities have been carried out globally, from tropical to temperate regions. In Indonesia, however, sponge communities have not been adequately observed, especially their diversity and interaction with habitats. Sabang, a developing city located in the northwest of Indonesia, has a lack of information about benthic communities and no reports about sponges. This study investigated the sponge community (species richness, coverage, and morphological characters) and the interactions, both within sponges and with corals and substrates, in Sabang. The study found that the sponge richness (species and morphology) and coverage are categorized as poor, having only 24 species with seven morphologies, and coverage of 1.79 ± 1.03% (SE). The interaction analyses showed significant relationships occur among sponge variables but not between sponges and corals, nor between sponges and their substrates. These results could be attributed to the hydrodynamic-related stresses in Sabang, which are likely influenced by exposure to the open ocean, a condition that is less favorable to diversity and interaction. It is necessary to regularly monitor the condition of benthic communities in Sabang in order to better understand their stable state and detect any change over time.


Since independence in 1963 Kenya has embarked on various development programs. The Constituency Development Fund (CDF) is the latest program initiated by the government in 2003 through an Act of parliament to fight poverty at the grassroots. Funds under this program go directly to local level to establish development projects. Since its initiation CDF has had tremendous impact in society. However, little information on the role of CDF on social development (rise in education and health levels) is available in most constituencies in the country. This book therefore provides the role of CDF on social development and the challenges facing the fund in North Mugirango/ Borabu Constituency. The analysis help to shed light on the achievement of the funds and how to enhance utilization of the funds to positively transform livelihoods of rural dwellers.


The two main technologies for handling freeform surfaces are non-uniform rational basis-splines (NURBS) and subdivision surfaces. NURBS are the dominant standard for computer-aided design, while subdivision surfaces are popular in animation and entertainment. However there are benefits of subdivision surfaces that would be useful within computer-aided design, and features of NURBS that would make good additions to current subdivision surfaces. This thesis presents NURBS-compatible subdivision surfaces that combine topological freedom with the ability to represent any existing NURBS surface exactly. This is the first time that subdivision surfaces have been able to extend non-uniform and general-degree B-spline surfaces simultaneously. This is achieved through a novel factorisation of B-spline knot insertion rules. The thesis also shows that it is possible to bound the curvatures of the subdivision surfaces created using the author's factorisation. The resulting NURBS-compatible surface representation supports arbitrarytopology, non-uniform and general-degree surfaces, while guaranteeing high-quality second-order surface properties.


Social and cultural changes have brought about a new understanding of the space–time continuum within which modern cities are evolving. A comfortable urban environment contributes to the development of a sustainable urban environment, to the psychological health and social well-being of citizens, as shown by the observation of life in public spaces. In our study, the courtyard is treated as a specific human habitat that satisfies a wide range of people's needs due to the unity of physical, social, and existential features of the place. It is the environment that is present throughout a person's life, is biographically tied up with his history and that of his family, and therefore reflects his individuality, expresses identity, and stimulates personal authenticity. To assess Yekaterinburg residents' perception of the yard space as an element of the urban environment, which is the aim of the study, the authors exploited the method of a questionnaire based on two measures, namely architectural semantic differential and incomplete sentences. It was found that the image My Courtyard was the most uncomfortable and "frozen" of all the urban elements and My City was the most comfortable and dynamic. The respondents perceive the house and the adjacent area as a complete unit. The coincidence of the Ideal Courtyard image in all groups of respondents indicates that this image is universal and does not depend on the place of a person's actual residence. The study can contribute to formulating recommendation to develop the courtyard space and universal models for improving adjacent areas, taking into account the psychological characteristics and needs of the population.


The aim of the National Challenge is that by 2011 all secondary schools in England should have at least 30% of their pupils achieve 5 or more GCSE or equivalent passes at grades A*-C including English and Maths GCSE. National Challenge schools –those not currently meeting this thresholdhave received additional funding, but also have the threat of closure or merger hanging over them. The number of schools not meeting the threshold has declined substantially over the past five years. Some of this has been due to closures. Results for individual schools can vary greatly year-on-year, but in general many more schools have improved to above 30% than fallen below.


This paper asks what role the state should play in education. Institutional economics has not entered this debate. To change this, the paper tries to give an outline for further research. First, it gives reasons why pure market solutions will probably fail. Then three basic questions are analyzed: (1) Should there be compulsory schooling? (2) Should the state finance schools? (3) Should schools be subjected to special regulations? To answer these questions, the educational process is divided into three levels. It is argued that the role of government should decrease with rising level.


The utility model relates to a socket, specifically a mechanical timing socket comprising a round-box-shaped socket body, four three-phase plug jacks and four mechanical timers, wherein the four three-phase plug jacks and four mechanical timers form a cross on the socket body and each three-phase plug jack is connected to the power line through its adjacent mechanical timer. A master power switch is serially connected to the power line and arranged on the central part of the socket body. The utility model, provided with a plurality of plug jacks and mechanical timers, can be used to time a plurality of electric appliances independently. The mechanical timing socket has a reasonable design of arranging the plug jacks and mechanical timers in a cross on the socket body which eliminates the possibility of plugs pressing against each other and facilitates people's daily life.


This paper presents a methodology and supporting set of tools for performing fault simulation throughout the design process for large systems. Most of the previous work in fault simulation has sought efficient methods for simulating faults at a single level design abstraction. This paper has developed a methodology for performing fault simulation of design models at the architectural, algorithmic, functional-block, and gate levels of design abstraction. As a result, fault simulation is supported throughout the design process from system definition through hardware/software implementation. Furthermore, since the fault simulation utilities are provided in an advanced design environment prototype tool, an iterative design/evaluation process is available for system designers at each stage of design refinement. The two key contributions of this paper are: a fault simulation methodology and supporting tools for performing fault simulation throughout the design process of large systems; and a methodology for performing fault simulation concurrently in hardware and software component designs and a proof-of-concept implementation.


Aiming at the problem of Existing time-frequency analysis methods is difficult to detect goniometer fault,combining continuous and discrete wavelet transform to analyse the signal.The process of the method proposed are given,Time-frequency methods of continuous and discrete wavelet transform are analysed.Characteristic of CWT and DWT combined to analysis goniometer fault signal information.The simulation show that the mean can accurately extract the goniometer fault signal characteristics and it is effective to the fault detecting.


【Objective】 The purpose of this paper was mainly to study the optimizing medium of Brevibacterium flavum in order to improve the production of L-serine.【Method】Firstly,the influences of eight related factors were evaluated in fermentation medium by Plackett-Burman design to filter out the main factors.The eight related factors were sucrose,yeast extract,(NH4)2SO4,KH2PO4,MgSO4,biotin,VB1 and CaCO3.The results showed that sucrose,yeast extract and(NH4)2SO4 were the main affecting factors.Secondly,the experimental design of steepest ascent was used to approach the best fermentation condition of main factors― sucrose,yeast extract,(NH4)2SO4.Based on this result,a three-level three-factor central composite design was employed to determine the maximum L-serine production at optimum concentration of sucrose,yeast extract and(NH4)2SO4.The L-serine production was found to correlate to the three parameters that could be represented by second-order polynomial models.【Result】 The optimal values of the three parameters were determined as 83 g/L sucroes,31 g/L yeast extract and 29 g/L(NH4)2SO4.The L-serine production was 22.27 g/L.In theory,the actual experimental result was 22.65 g/L.They were in well agreement.【Conclusion】 The production of L-serine was increased by 28.11% in optimized fermentation medium.


Bifurcation theory studies the qualitative changes in the phase portrait when we vary the parameters of the system. In this book chapter we adapt and extend a mathematical model accounting for the subcellular localisation of 14-3-3σ, a protein involved in cell cycle arrest and the regulation of apoptosis. The model is analysed with analytical tools coming from Lyapunov-Andronov theory, and our analytical calculations predict that soft (reversible) loss of stability takes place.


A large number of factors influencing the fatigue crack rate are traditionally studied separately. In this case, their interactions are not taken into account, and the experiment does not possess the property of optimality. The article describes the authors' vision of the problem, how it would be possible to approach the solution of the research problem from the point of view of the theory of optimal experiment planning. Initially, it is proposed to consider three basic factors, namely: the influence of loading asymmetry, loading frequency and sequence of overloads. A full factorial experiment with varying factors at extreme levels is considered. The formalization of the factors describing the sequence of overloads is proposed.


Water pollution has a great impact on the social economy and people's health. In order to analyze the water pollution incidents reported by Chinese media in 2014, using the search engine, we collect, wecollate and analyze the time distribution, space distribution, source, pollutants, causes, hazards and emergency measures of water pollution incidents. 59 incidents are collected. The main sources of water pollution are industrial pollution sources and agricultural pollution sources. Water pollution incidents often cause water cut off and some also cause people poisoned. The relevant departments take effective emergency measures at the first time to control the diffusion of pollutants, release information of pollution incidents promptly, supply free water and offer real-time monitoring, reducing the impact caused by water pollution incidents.


Objective: Interferon therapy is widely used for patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CHB-C). It is known that thyroid gland dysfunction (TD) may develop secondary to interferon treatment, but different frequencies of TD development are reported in the literature. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the incidence of TD developing secondary to interferon treatment in patients with CHB-C treated in our clinic and possible influence factors. Methods: A total of 93 CHB-C patients treated with interferon were included in this study. Tests of thyroid functions (TSH, FT3, FT4), thyroid auto-antibodies (Anti-Tg, Anti-TPO) were done before starting interferon treatment, during and after treatment. Patients who did not have normal thyroid gland functions were not included in this study. Results: TD was observed to develop in a total of 20 patients (21.5%). TD had developed in the first 6 months after initiation of interferon therapy. In 18.3% of these patients the condition was temporary, while 3.2% patients required treatment for TD. The most frequently seen condition are subclinical types. Age (over 40 years) (OR: 7.25 95% CI = 1.46–35.80, P = 0.015) and gender (female) (OR: 5.83 95% CI = 1.31-25.76, P = 0.020) were found to be statistically significant independent risk factors in TD development. Conclusion: Although TD secondary to interferon treatment in patients with CHB-C may develop in a substantial rate, most of these are temporary and do not require TD treatment. Independent risk factors in TD development were found to be gender and age.


Diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI) cause child morbidity and mortality in most developing countries. ARI can often develop rapidly from a mild cold to severe pneumonia if the illness is poorly managed at the outset and if decisions and actions to seek medical care are delayed. This potential lends importance to parents decision-making process and the mothers role concerning disease diagnosis treatment and management. 100 mothers and 23 health care providers in 3 rural communities near Marrakech were interviewed in 1993 in their homes and at medical facilities to investigate their management of ARI in infants and children up to age 5 years with the goal of decreasing childrens mortality through policy messages. Parents in this study region use both traditional and Western health systems depending upon their socioeconomic condition. They make ARI treatment-related decisions based upon their financial means constraints knowledge and understanding of medical concepts and health systems.


Because of a very weak economy, which lowered tax revenues and raised government spending, Japan's fiscal balance has deteriorated rapidly. The budget, in surplus until 1992, turned negative in 1993, and the deficits continued to worsen, reaching almost 11 percent of GDP in 1998. The government debt-GDP ratio increased by almost 50 percent from 1991 to 1997, and by another 40 percent in the four years after that. By 2000, Japan had the largest ratio among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries.


Dwarf Japanese euonymus (Euonymus japonica Thunb. 'Microphylla') and 'Pink Supreme' azalea (Rhododendron Xsp.) grown in containers of three diameters (10.2, 15.2, and 20.3 cm), were given three rates of Osmocote 17N-3P-10K (3.6, 7.1, and 10.7 kg·m-3). Response to container volume and fertility was species-dependent. Top growth of euonymus increased in response to both increased medium volume and fertility and was closely related to foliar levels of N, P, and K. Top growth of azalea increased in response to increasing fertility rates in the smallest pots, and to increasing medium volume at the lowest fertilizer rates. With an increase in both fertilizer rate and medium volume, growth of azalea was reduced. Top growth was inversely related to foliar K, but was unrelated to foliar N and P.


In the course of experimentation it was noted that in mice treated with tumor tissue heated at 700 C. for 1 hour, prior to the administration of a viable tumor cell suspension, an acceleration in the transplantation and killing time of the tumors was produced in these animals when compared with that in untreated controls receiving the same tu mor cell suspension. A search of the literature showed that the presence of a heat-stable acceler ating material in tumors was first noted by Flexner and Jobling (8, 9). These authors heated the Flexner-Jobling sarcoma of the rat at 56°C. for 1@ hours and injected this material into rats. After 10—Sodays, the animals received an injection of viable tumor (Flexner-Jobling sarcoma). The tu mors grew larger and more rapidly in treated ani mals than in the control rats. These same authors found no such growth-stimulating effect from emulsions of liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, and tes tide (9). Jobling also found that the accelerant was present in rat carcinoma (11). Chambers and Scott reported that when auto lyzed Jensen sarcoma, heated at 4@° C. in toluene saturated solution, was injected into rats the sus ceptibility of the rat to the Jensen sarcoma was increased (4, 6). Berry and Dedrick described a heat-stable ma terial prepared from myxoma and glycerinated or lyophilized fibroma. Administration of this prepa ration to rabbits resulted in the development of myxoma (1, 18). This agent was stable at tempera tures between 56°C. and 85°C. and stable to alco hol treatment at these temperatures. This material


In this paper, a four-rotor UAV is built as the control object. The paper comes up with a mixed agricultural plant protection UAV designation with high precision positioning system based on accelerometer and laser range finder in order to solve the problem of poor stability, limited positioning precision and being unable to provide high accurate and stable height data for agricultural plant protection UAV in a complicated environment. Through this system, we can effectively make up for the lack of GPS in the complicated environment, improve the positioning accuracy of UAV agricultural plant protection, which has a significant influence on the technology development of agricultural plant protection UAV. In order to achieve a high degree of control and make it meets the accuracy requirements in the autonomous flight. Laser range finder is used to get feedback of altitude information. Meanwhile, the vertical acceleration data is used for compensation. Firstly, the paper introduces the basic structure of aircraft. Then, to get the altitude control of micro multi rotor aircraft, a measuring method is proposed with the combination of laser range finder and acceleration which can measure the altitude of flight instead of GPS at low altitude. Furthermore, establish the mathematical modeling on altitude with PID controller. At last, the stability and tracking performance of the designed controller are verified by experiments.


Obviously, food insecurity, diminishing quality of health and increasing environmental degradation are the three key underlying problems affecting the future well being of Mankind. Nigeria, despite having a majority of her population engaged in Agriculture still imports over 90% of her food products. Huge amount of money is invested in the health sector with a lot of people importing herbal drugs. There is also an urgent need to diversify the economy as Oil which is a limited resource is their major source of the country's revenue. Farmers in the rural areas lack the knowledge and capacity to engage in non Timber Forest Products (NTFP) that can serve both as money spinner and health builder. The involvement of farmers in rural communities of the three senatorial zone were evaluated, personal observations and interview of government agencies and stakeholders were also conducted. A structured questionnaire were sampled to 120 respondents in Eziudo, Ezinhitte Mbaise Local government area (Owerri zone), Umuagwo, Ohaji/Egbema Local government area (Orlu zone) and Isuochi, Okigwe Local government area (Okigwe zone) in Imo State respectively. Data obtained were analyzed using using descriptive statistics. Tables, percentages and graphs were also employed for the analysis. Findings revealed low level of involvement in snail and mushroom farming. Their involvement is hampered by information flow, ignorance of the importance of snail and mushroom farming, lack of funds/empowerment and skill in the management of such venture. Suggestions were made to address the fundamental strategies that can improve the introduction, practice and management of snail and mushroom farming in the study area.


Nothing can be a better intrcduction to STS for todays students than biographies of great figures in science and technology, in those cases where the biographer embodies the STS axioms in her or his life. This biography of Michael Faraday is by John Thomas, his successor as Director many times removed at the Royal Institution. What the contemporary student would learn will surprise him or her. Significantly for STS students is Faraday's abiding concern for popularization and interpretation of science to the public.


The invention relates to a method and a device for the alteration of a container window, which belongs to the field of a network. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining an attribute interface of a container window and altering the container window according to the attribute interface. The device comprises an obtaining module and an altering module. The attribute of the container window can be conveniently controlled by a loaded web page by the way that the attribute control power of the container window is made into an interface, no program needs to be edited again by a programmer for updating a whole function button and even updating a whole toolbar. The invention has the advantages of low cost and convenient operation. The container window can be altered along with the modification of page content so as to make sense of the modification of the page, the page needs not to modify own content according to the container window, thereby the updating and maintaining cost of the page is reduced.


[Objective]To know about the epidemic status about the enteroviruses, which effected diarrhea among infants in Xining, and to control epidemic outbreak of infectious disease. [Methods] Used Real-Time PCR in samples from infant diarrhea. [Results] Positive samples with Rotavirus were 50 within 120 samples, positive rate was 41.67%. Positive samples with Norovirus were 45 within 120 samples, positive rate was 37.50%. Positive samples with Adenovirus were 5, positive rate was 4.17%. [Conclusion] Rotavirus and Norovirus are the main nosogeneses in infant diarrhea from autumn to winter . Incidence rate of Norovirus is 37.50%, only lower than that of Rotavirus 41.67%.