The DNS amplification attack is a DDoS attack by abusing DNS open resolvers as reflectors. Because the attack can amplify attacker's traffic dozens of times by reflectors, attackers can efficiently launch DDoS attack even though they have only low bandwidth network. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated DNS open resolvers abused by the DNS amplification attack from 3 aspects of wide active probing, silent monitoring and deploying open resolvers. As a result of our active probing, we found about 30 millions of DNS servers on the Internet, and 25 millions of them are open resolvers. Then, by silent monitoring and deploying open resolvers, we found that A record requests are often used by probing DNS servers, and ANY record requests are often used to launch DDoS attack. Moreover, we reveal that source network of the attackers could be traced by combining these results and BGP's routing information.


Water depth can be measured using airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB). However, when the green laser beam passes through the air–water interface, the sea surface slope greatly affects the laser propagation path, significantly influencing the accuracy of the measured seafloor topography. To reduce its influence, a refraction correction method at the air–water interface based on the sea surface profile and ray tracing is proposed. First, the 3-D sea surface profile is fit based on the least-squares criteria and the wave spectrum, using the laser point data reflected by the sea surface. Then, on the basis of the sea surface slope, the geolocation biases of the laser points are corrected by tracing every laser transmission path at the air–water interface. The developed method is used to correct the ALB data collected in the South China Sea, and verified by the topography data captured by a ship-borne multibeam echo sounder. Before the refraction correction, the mean absolute error (MAE) is 14.2 cm, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 17.5 cm. After the refraction correction, the MAE and RMSE decrease to 7.2 and 8.3 cm, respectively. The developed method can effectively improve the bathymetric accuracy of the ALB data.


The soybean meal (bungkil kedelai) is the waste product from soybean (Glycine max (L) Merill) processing, used for the protein source for animal feeding. Viewing from how the proccessing is done, the meal may still contain some antitrypsin compounds which in turn may affect the digestion of protein by trypsin. Antytripsin also called as antinutrive compound. To prove this problem, the experiment was done by testing antytripsin inhibitory activity of soybean meal extract at concentration of 3,5 – 15,0 % against 100 ppm trypsin activity with 300 ppm BAEE as substrate . The extract soybean meal showed the decrease of the trypsin activity about 23,0 – 65,0 %, with the curve will be incrase as the increasing concentration of the extract soybean meal. It can be concluded that the soybean meal still contain the antitrypsin compounds which can inhibit the trypsin activity.


With the development of town economy , more and more exchanged cases of land had arised in small cites and towns , all of them demand the new land gradation objectively . This paper in accordance with the characteristics of small cities and towns, presented some practical and scientific suggestions to the theories and methods, and took Ju' nan county as an example to analyse the regularity of land grade and the application of land grade in land using.


The influence of amino acids with contrasting con formational tendencies on the stereochemistry qfoligopeptides has been investigated using an octapeptide Boc-Leu-AibVal-Gly-Gly-Leu-AihVal-OMe, which contains two helix-promoting Aib residues and a central helix-de.vtabilizing Gly-Gly segment. Single crystal x-ray diffraction studies reveal that a Slo-helix is formed up to the penultimate Aib residue, at which point there is a helix reversal in the backbone, reminiscent qf a C-terminal6 + I hydrogen bond. The curious feature in the crystal is the solvation of the possible 6 + I bond by a CH30H molecule, where the OH is inserted between 0 ( 3 ) and N(8 ) and participates in hydrogen bonds with both. The cell parameters are as follows: space group P212121r a = 10.649 (4 ) A", b = 15.694(5) A', c = 30.181(8) A, R = 6.7% for 3427 data (IFoI > 3aF) observedto 0.9A". Nuclear magnetic resonance studies in CDC13 using NHgroup solvent accessibility and nuclear Overhauser effects as probes are consistent with a 310-helical conformation. In contrast, in (CD3)2S0, unfolding of the central segment results in a multiple P-turn structure, with @-turn conformations populated at residues 1-2, 3-4, and 6-7. CD studies in methanol-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) mixtures also provide evidence for a solvent-dependent structural transition. Helical conformations are populated in TFE, while type II @-turn structures are favored in methanol.


Case concerning the Aerial Incident of July 27th, 1955 (Israel v. Bulgaria): On October 16, 1957, Israel filed an application instituting proceedings against the People's Republic of Bulgaria regarding an aerial incident which occurred on July 27, 1955. The application recalled that on that date an aircraft belonging to an Israeli airline company was shot down on Bulgarian territory by the Bulgarian Security Forces, fifty-one passengers and seven crew members being killed. The government of Israel requested the Court to declare Bulgarian responsibility under international law for the damage caused and to determine the amount of compensation.


We consider a sequential estimation problem with two decision makers, or agents, who work as members of a team. One of the agents sits at an observation post, and makes sequential observations about the state of an underlying stochastic process for a fixed period of time. The observer agent upon observing the process makes a decision as to whether to disclose some information about the process to the other agent who acts as an estimator. The estimator agent sequentially estimates the state of the process. The agents have the common objective of minimizing a performance criterion with the constraint that the observer agent may only act a limited number of times.


Zirconia coatings were deposited on C/C-SiC and C/C-ZrC substrates by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) with ZrCl4-CO2-H2-Ar system at 900 1 500 ℃,respectively.The phase composition and surface morphologies of the ZrO2 coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.The micro-mechanical properties of the coatings and the bonding strength between the coatings and substrates were tested by the micro/nano comprehensive mechanical property test instrument.The results show that the ZrO2 coatings prepared at four different temperatures of 900,1 150,1 300 and 1 500 ℃ are monoclinic phase ZiO2.The surface morphology of the coating changes from accumulation of small grains to polycrystal with large size as the temperature increases,at the same time the thickness of the coatings increases.The microhardness of the coating is 1 026.712HV,which is a little lower than that of ZrO2 coating prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition and the ZrO2 coating combines better with C/C-SiC substrate than that with C/C-ZrC substrate.The results of SEM show that the surface scratch of ZrO2 coatings on C/C-SiC substrate is smooth while that is rough on C/C-ZrC substrate.


International Agent for Research Cancer(IARC) rose diesel exhaust carcinogen level to one level from class 2 in June 2012. The reason caused PAHs(poly aromatic hydrocarbons) in the diesel exhaust emission particulate matters. GDI has been selling officially since 2009. GDI(gasoline direct injector) is direct injection of gasoline into cylinder. so GDI is different injection type to MPI(multi port injector). GDI can downsize the engine. so power as well as improved fuel economy is improved. but GDI has disadvantages , produced particle matters by unburned fuel. GDI is required to evaluate and control to exhaust emission. This study evaluated CO, THC, NOx, PM and HAPs from GDI and LPI exhaust emissions. Vehicle emissions were tested by chassis dynamometer with CVS tunnel. The test mode was FTP-75 and High way Fuel Efficiency Test mode.


A critical area of preparedness for pest and disease emergencies is the need to educate key stakeholders and raise their awareness about roles and responsibilities in the event of an outbreak. Animal Health Australia's (AHA's) Protect Australian Livestock Campaign is one such ongoing awareness campaign designed to promote an understanding and awareness of an emergency disease.


Abstract The highly emotional, enigmatic, and almost constantly impoverished Dutch painter Vincent Van Gogh produced some of the world's most well-known paintings, but he is perhaps more famous for violently cutting off his left ear lobe in 1888 during a particularly unstable time in his life. Mental illness, which may not have been properly diagnosed during the late 1800s, plagued this artistic titan for most of the latter years of his short life. Van Gogh also suffered from other ailments which, when observed through Chinese Medicine's Five Elements patterns, provides a rare opportunity to venture into the emotions and mind of one of post-Impressionism's greatest pioneers.


INTRODUCTION The unequivocal association between exposure to smoke and numerous complications of pregnancy, demonstrated in the last decades, has led to a significant decrease of smoking rates in pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of maternal smoking and to elucidate factors predisposing to it among pregnant women in Athens, Greece. METHODS A population of 1700 pregnant women (mean age: 31.2±5.5 years) who visited consecutively the Cardiology Department of Helena Venizelou Maternity Hospital in Athens, Greece, between September 2016 and August 2017, was prospectively analyzed. Data regarding changes in the future mother's smoking habit as well as different sociodemographic factors potentially related to these changes were recorded. RESULTS Of the 1700 participants, 704 (41.4%) were smokers, and of those 52.4% quit smoking after knowledge of their pregnancy status. The overall prevalence of smoking in pregnancy was 19.7%. Prevalence was higher in women who were aged <20 years (p=0.038), were multipara (p=0.032), had ≤12 years of education (p=0.044) and had a partner who was a smoker (p=0.047). Women aged ≤20 years were more likely to be persistent smokers at the beginning of pregnancy and demonstrated a higher prevalence of smoking during pregnancy (42.2% vs 19.7% in the overall study population). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that maternal smoking during pregnancy still remains a major public health issue in Greece with a prevalence higher than most other industrialized countries.


Based on the GPS control network of a city,the application of quadric surface fitting in regional quasi geoid refining was introduced.Then the quasi geoid model in centimeter level and some useful conclusion was given.


Forced or convict labour in the Portuguese world has deep roots, being established on the traditions of Roman law. In this volume, this connection is very clearly described in the opening chapter on Roman law by Groen-Vallinga and Tacoma. The Portuguese use of various forms of forced labour is unusual in its extraordinary durability, flexibility of these systems, and their applicability globally. Forced labour in Portugal began in the high middle ages with the galleys and was extended to residence or military service in isolated border towns. During early modern times, its uses and applications grew overseas hand in hand with the empire and were normally tied to military service. During the modern era, convict labour became linked with Portuguese Africa, particularly Angola, until 1932 and was closely supervised by the military. This overview will begin with convict labour during early modern times and then turn to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In providing this sweeping view, the reader will clearly note the state's transformation from abandoning undesirables to distant exile locales to the closely monitored incarceration of modern times. In this five hundred year process, convicts were transformed from involuntary soldiers forming part of the early modern military during early modern times to inmates supervised by it in more recent times.


The paper presents the mathematical modelling of the impact of marketing, innovation and environmental protection expenses on the financial and market performances of the small and medium enterprise, using genetic algorithms. Real data have been obtained from a firm from Cluj-Napoca, which wants to remain anonymous in order to protect its data. The impact of the publicity-promotion-public relations expenses has been modelled, innovation expenses, environmental protection expenses on a period of 12 months, on the firmpsilas sales.


After the emergence of blockchain technology, although the problem of copyright protection on the chain has been solved, the problem of cross-chain prosecution and confirmation protection has not been solved.Zero watermarking is a technique that achieves copyright protection without any modification to the carrier image. This paper proposes a fragile zero-watermarking algorithm based on quaternion and LBP.In this way, the joint blockchain and fragile zero-watermark technology can solve the problem of cross-chain prosecution and confirmation protection.


This work studies the impacts of the monetary policy in the real variables of the Brazilian economy. It will be tested the unanticipated movements of the monetary policy in the economic activity and unemployment according whit the Neoclassical and new Keynesians models, which the importance the real variables is the unanticipated component of the monetary policy. As measure of surprise it will be used the error forecast for the interest rate established by the monetary authority.


The paper outlines lacunae in the latest version of the «Languages of the World» Da-tabase (Institute of Linguistics, RAS). Lacunae of various origins and types are analysed along with linguistic terminology representing different descriptive traditions, primarily based on the «Languages of the World» encyclopedia (Institute of Linguistics, RAS). The topic can be of interest for those dealing with applied linguistics, linguistic typology and databases.


From the point of view of the new deman ds of post this knowledge economy era graduate students,this paper deals mainly with how to guaran tee the quality of graduate students through strict regulations.The questions mentioned in the paper come directly from our working experience,therefore we hope the discussion and analysis here might be insightful and fruitfu l for the quality improvement of the t raining of post graduate students in our u-niversity.


Dialogos en las tablas: Ultimas tendencias de la puesta en escena del teatro clasico espanol Ed. Maria Bastianes, Esther Fernandez, and Purificacio Mascarell. Kassel: Edition Reichenberger, 2014. 381 pp.As Joan Oleza's pointed prologue and self-proclaimed "manifiesto" (ix) indicates, theater practitioners and scholars have long operated apart from one another, a lamentable tendency that this volume attempts to remedy. By including both academic approaches to the performance of Spanish classical theater and interviews with theater scholars and professionals working in varying capacities, Dialogos en las tablas not only dialogues between theory and praxis, but also facilitates actual conversations about the history and current state of comedia performance. Oleza is justified in lauding this collection of essays and interviews as a unique and necessary addition to studies of Spanish classical theater and in lamenting the common tendency of critics to fall to one side or the other of the stage/page binar}'. He insists that the way forward is found in this compilation of discussions and scholarly works, which represents a holistic approach to theater studies that encompasses both the study of dramatic texts and their on-stage iterations.The majority of Dialogos consists of nine chapters authored by different scholars. Each essay is followed by an interview with a director, actor, or dramaturg involved with the production or company featured. For example, Sergio Adillo Rufo's chapter on adapting La vida es sueno immediately precedes his interview with Juan Mayorga, creator of the Compania Nacional de Teatro Clasico's latest version of the play. These essays range widely in focus and scope, from case studies on adaptations of specific works, such as La vida es sueno and Fuente Ovejuna, to more historical explorations of the trajee tor}' of a particular play, such as La Celestina and El galan fantasma, over a period of time. Other chapters focus on the work of certain theater troupes and directors, including Eduardo Vasco (Compania Nacional de Teatro Clasico), Teatro Corsario, and Ana Zamora (Nao d'amores Teatro).The second section is a series of forty short interviews, each consisting of just three questions, conducted with a wide variety of theater professionals and academics from Spain, England, and the United States. The interviewees, ranging from Ignacio Arellano to Mar Zubieta, are professors, actors, directors, lighting designers, costume designers, set designers, translators, dramaturgs, musicologists, theater critics, and editors. These interviews are an excellent window to the work and working philosophies of those who have dedicated their professional labor to the drama of the Golden Age. It is not an exhaustive list of theater specialists and practitioners, but it is an important one.It is worth noting that although most of the chapters deal with stagings by Spanish companies within Spain, Esther Fernandez's study of Fuente Ovejuna focuses on performances in New York and India, while the final chapter, by Jonathan Thacker, explores the history and reception of Golden Age plays staged in Great Britain. …


The effect of nanosized silica particles on the properties of polyvinylacetate (PVAc) was investigated for a range of silica concentrations encompassing the filler network percolation threshold. The quantity of polymer adsorbed to the particles ("bound rubber") increased systematically with silica content and was roughly equal to the quantity shielded from shear stresses ("occluded rubber"). A variety of experimental techniques was employed including pressure‐volume‐temperature measurements, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, thermal analysis (modulated DSC), dynamic‐mechanical spectroscopy, viscometry. The glass transition properties of PVAc, i.e. the glass transition temperature and the changes in the thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity at Tg, as well as the isothermal compressibility and the volume sensitivity of the local segmental dynamics of the polymer chains in the presence of the polymer‐filler interface are discussed. The implication of this result and possible directions for new res...


There are now more new faces and diversity among the workforce than ever before and this trend is expected to continue into the 21st century. Managers in public and private organizations are searching for and experimenting with various approaches to more effectively deal with increasing workforce diversity. This article briefly reviews the history of diversity management and calls for a new agenda that encourages more collaboration between scholars and administrators, increased researcher on-site observation of workplace reactions to diversity management initiatives, more informative and rigorous case studies, and more third-party evaluations of diversity management initiatives.


The ingenious experiments and observations lately presented to this learned Society, upon a power which animals seem to possess of generating cold, induced me to look over my notes of certain experiments and observations made in the year 1766, which indicate an opposite power in animals; whereby they are capable of resisting any external cold while alive, by generating within themselves a degree of heat sufficient to counteract it. These experiments were not originally instituted in view of the discovery, which in the event resulted from them, but for a very different purpose; which was no other than to satisfy myself, whether an animal could retain life after it was frozen, as had been confidently asserted both of fish and snakes. I mention this, to account for what might otherwise be attributed to negligence and inattention; namely, that little nicety was used in measuring the precise degrees of the cold applied in these experiments. Accuracy in this particular was not aimed at, being of no consequence in the inquiry more immediately before me.


The most frequent cause of damage and paralysis to the facial nerve is iatrogenic injury during operations in the parotid or submandibular regions, and the marginal mandibular branch (MMBr) is the least likely to recover due to its infrequent anastomosis with other branches. Literature has stated that the MMBr courses superior to the inferior border of the mandible more often than in the submandibular region. However, various studies report conflicting results, and variations in location have been seen between embalmed and fresh specimens. The purpose of this study was to determine the location of the MMBr in relation to the inferior border of the mandible in embalmed specimens and compare those findings with fresh specimens. In both embalmed and fresh cadavers, the superficial fascial planes were dissected to reveal the MMBr and its anatomical relationships and distances. Perpendicular distance between the most inferior branch of the MMBr and the antegonial notch were measured on both sides to the nearest 0.01mm using a caliper. The most inferior position of the MMBr between the antegonial notch and gonion was also measured. A negative value was used to denote branches superior to the inferior border of the mandible, and positive values for those below. This study found that the MMBr was located below of the border of the mandible more often than above. There was also no significant difference in MMBr location between fresh and embalmed cadavers. These results indicated that the MMBr postion was more inferior than initially stated, and that there was no significant change in the location of the nerve due to the embalming process.


We study the absolute continuity of the convolution $\delta_{e^X}^\natural \star \delta_{e^Y}^\natural$ of two orbital measures on the symmetric space $SO_0(p,q)/SO(p)\timesSO(q)$, $q>p$. We prove sharp conditions on $X$, $Y\in\a$ for the existence of the density of the convolution measure. This measure intervenes in the product formula for the spherical functions. We show that the sharp criterion developed for $\SO_0(p,q)/\SO(p)\times\SO(q)$ will also serve for the spaces $SU(p,q)/S(U(p)\timesU(q))$ and $Sp(p,q)/Sp(p)\timesSp(q)$, $q>p$. We also apply our results to the study of absolute continuity of convolution powers of an orbital measure $\delta_{e^X}^\natural$.


The article considers prerequisites and methods of developing a complex of treatment planning profile in a patient using modern dental computer technologies. We performed a retrospective analysis of data based on the results of a protocol using digital dental technologies for planning, layout, and prototyping of dental prostheses This developed complex allows for obtaining a predictable result of dental treatment. The use of innovative computer technologies makes it possible not only to control each stage of rehabilitation, but also to make the necessary changes in the early stages of planning. Coordination with patients' shape and size of teeth at initial stages avoids conflict situations by completing manipulations in oral cavity.


l iv surgery is a most effective method Singapore transplanting an Asian for teaching and learning specialized patient; Mel Mayer with Jordon surgical skills. A prime example of this Zuckerman transplanting an Africaneducational approach was the live American woman with traction alopecia surgery bonanza organized by Matt using curved blades for her crispy ( excesLeavitt, under the sponsorship of the sively curly) hair; Paul Cotteril, Brad World Association of Hair Restoration Kurgis, and Lee Laris giving hair to a Surgeons. During the five-day surgical woman with Ludwig II baldness; the clasmarathon in Orlando, Florida, from April sic frontal forelock by Mike Beehner; and 23-27, 18live surgeries were performed several corrective transplants to conceal by world eminent specialists demonstratlarge plugs, scars and even a large area of ing an extraordinary variety of proceradiation alopecia. dures. Dow Stough and Marc Avram demonIn the field of hair transplantation, the strated laser transplantation on two surgeries included: Ron Shapiro and Paul patients with the assistance of Dr. Rose performing a megasession, with the Ziering. Sharplan generously supplied a small grafts cut using Dr. Rose's backlaser for the work hop. In addition, lighting system; Marcelo Gandleman Arturo andoval, Robert L onard, Carlo transplanting eyebrows (100 single hair Puig, Antonio Mangubut, and Shelly grafts per brow); Dr. Chew from Friedman shared transplanting pearls in


The significance of the attitude a student holds towards grades has long been overlooked by researchers. A new paper-and-pencil questionnaire (LOGO), designed to assess whether a student learner is oriented primarily towards learning (LO) or towards grades (GO), is described. Initial evidence supports the reliability and validity of the LOGO Scale, and implications are drawn for its use in research.


A two parallel rotational movement means comprising movable platform (1), the rack (0), joint (U11), a branched or a mixed RSS branched movable platform (1) and the first vertex machine frame (0) directly gimbal (U11) is connected; RSS branched ends respectively movable platform (1) and a second vertex racks (0) in a sub-ball (S33), a swivel joint ( R31) is connected; a parallelogram consisting of four rotating sub branched chain comprises mixing (ABCD) on the sides of a lever (ab &), on the two sides of the lever (cd) and the movable platform (1) third vertices, One end of the side link (2) in two sub-ball (S24,), rotation of the sub-two (R22) connected to the side link (2) and the other end of the frame (0) to rotate the sub-three (R21) is connected, wherein , rotation of the sub-rack (R31) in the (0), the swivel joint (R21) is driven, the movable platform (1) generating two independent rotation about the axis of rotation of joint (U11).


Canadian Shield periphyton communities growing on artificial substrates in wooden channels were studied during the summer of 1983. During short term acidifications (72, 48, 24 and {cents}2 hours) using H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and HNO{sub 3}, one control and 2 experimental channels were compared for differences in density, biovolume, diversity (H ), evenness and number of species. Differences of density, biovolume and number of species for the 3 main groups of algae observed (green, diatoms and blue greens) were also measured. Discriminant analysis revealed that (1) most species are not disturbed by such short acidifications but the few that are can modify the community structure; (2) most affected algae prefer HNO to HSO; (3) the impact of these short acidifications can differ depending on the successional stage of the community.


A series of tests was conducted on the 50-MeV-racetrack microtron at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden for the purpose of determining the quality of industrial radiographs generated by the bremsstrahlung beam of the machine. The results of the experiments indicate that radiographs with a spatial sensitivity better than those produced by more conventional high-energy bremsstrahlung sources can be produced on a microtron, the contrast sensitivity of the microtron is about 50% less than a linatron and betatron operated at the same energy, and the dose/pulse is sufficient for cine-radiography at frame rates up to 300 frames/s.


Abstract We study certain canonical automorphic forms associated to irreducible characters of N = 1 superconformal minimal models in both the Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond sector by using representation theoretic methods. By extending the techniques from [A. Milas, Virasoro algebra, Dedekind eta-function and Specialized Macdonald's identities, Transf. Groups 9 (2004), 273–288.] to the setting of N = 1 superconformal algebras we obtain a series of modular identities involving certain Wronskian determinants in both Neveu-Schwarz (untwisted) and Ramond (twisted) sector. Three Weber modular functions play a fundamental role here as well as the Dedekind η-function. In the most interesting case of minimal series, we obtain a derivation and generalizations of several classical modular q-series identities (e.g., Jacobi's Four Square Theorem, a Carlitz' identity, specialized Macdonald's identities for B series, etc.)


The roles and value of digital library intermediaries (both human and software based) have been a controversial topic, with strong arguments emerging for disintermediation and for information users having direct access to information. Counter-arguments highlight the important function of intermediaries in supporting effective digital library implementation and utilization. We need to understand the diverse roles of digital library intermediaries to identify what requires mediation, both online and offline, and what does not. Although domain specific librarian / user interactions (e.g. academic library consultations) have been reviewed by others, a detailed account of digital library intermediary roles across domains has not been presented. In this paper we review three different approaches to digital library intermediation for patients, clinicians and academics. Findings from in-depth interviews and focus groups with 56 participants have highlighted the importance of flexible context-dependent support at both the information and digital resource level. Four intermediary roles for mediation between users and digital resources, as well as the information contained therein, have been identified. These can be summarised as: creating awareness; making accessible; supporting interpretation (or making it usable); and ensuring quality. In one study, all these roles were adopted by an information expert (i.e. librarian). In the other two studies, some were taken by information AA & AB Roles of Intermediaries 2 experts and others by domain experts (e.g lecturers, doctors) or left unsupported. These findings highlight future challenges for digital library developers: digital library systems need to make use of and support the changing roles of intermediaries (both human and software) as well as end-users as information provision shifts towards digital means. Introduction As the complexity of the internet increases, users encounter, and require support at, various levels of interaction. A wide variety of digital resources with different levels of quality and usability have to be negotiated along with the information itself. Many digital library developers see the problem as one of control and customisation (Hicks, 2003; Graham et al, 2002), so they are designing systems to provide improved end-user manipulation and personalisation of resources (e.g. ACM digital library binders 1). However, there is a user overhead with customising resources when users do not need or want this level of control (Adams & Blandford, 2005). With information gathering being peripheral to many daily work practices, digital library users need many tasks to be taken on or supported by intermediaries. Some digital library designers have realised this and …


Wi-Fi and magnetic field fingerprinting have been a hot topic in indoor positioning researches because of their ubiquity and location-related features. Wi-Fi signals can provide rough initial positions, and magnetic fields can further improve the positioning accuracies, therefore many researchers have tried to combine the two signals for high-accuracy indoor localization. Currently, state-of-the-art solutions design separate algorithms to process different indoor signals. Outputs of these algorithms are generally used as inputs of data fusion strategies. These methods rely on computationally expensive particle filters, labor-intensive feature analysis, and time-consuming parameter tuning to achieve better accuracies. Besides, particle filters need to estimate the moving directions of particles, limiting smartphone orientation to be stable, and aligned with the user's moving directions. In this paper, we adopted a convolutional neural network (CNN) to implement an accurate and orientation-free positioning system. Inspired by the state-of-the-art image classification methods, we design a novel hybrid location image using Wi-Fi and magnetic field fingerprints, and then a CNN is employed to classify the locations of the fingerprint images. In order to prevent the overfitting problem of the positioning CNN on limited training datasets, we also propose to divide the learning process into two steps to adopt proper learning strategies for different network branches. We show that the CNN solution is able to automatically learn location patterns, thus significantly lower the workforce burden of designing a localization system. Our experimental results convincingly reveal that the proposed positioning method achieves an accuracy of about 1 m under different smartphone orientations, users, and use patterns.


This study investigated the effect of spindle speed, depth of cut and the milling conditions on the surface roughness of milled Ti6Al4V. Milling was conducted in dry and flood condition while varying spindle speed from 120 to 180 rev/min, depth of cut ranging from 1 to 2 mm as the feed rate was kept constant at 4.6 mm/min. The surface temperature was also measured during milling operation. It was found that during dry milling the surface roughness increased with increment of spindle speed where a maximum surface roughness value of 0.35 μm was recorded at 180 rev/min. During flood milling dry milling, the surface roughness increased with the increase of spindle speed, reaching a maximum of 0.25 μm at 180 rev/min. The depth of cut also had the same impact as spindle speed as it was found that during both dry and flood milling, the surface roughness increased with increment of depth of cut. Flood milling generated smoother milled surface as opposed to dry milling.


This paper analyzes the factors controlling the development and persistence of patterns of distribution, abundance, and diversity of space users in the low rocky intertidal zone of New England. The spatial structure of this community changes along a wave exposure gradient. Mussels (Mytilus edulis) dominate at headlands exposed to wave shock, the alga Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) dominates at sites protected from wave shock, and both are abundant at areas intermediate in exposure to waves. Using a combination of experiments (exclosures, enclosures, removals) and observations, we evaluated the effects of several factors on this system, including (1) predation, (2) herbivory, (3) plant—plant competition, (4) plant—animal competition, and (5) physical disturbance from high—energy waves. The interaction having the greatest effect on the structure of this low zone association was predation. At protected sites, the starfish Asterias forbesi, Asterias vulgaris, and the snail Thais lapillus prey heavily on Mytilus, which is the functionally dominant competitor in the low (and mid) zone(s). When secondary succession is initiated by removal of all erect animals and plants, community development in the absence of these predators (predator exclusion) results in competitive elimination of both the barnacle Balanus balanoides and Chondrus by Mytilus. A similar result occurs if predators are excluded from unaltered stands of Chondrus. Controls in these experiments (i.e., with predators present) usually either developed to, or remained as stands of Chondrus. At intermediate sites, patches of Mytilus occassionally escaped from predation, suggesting predation intensity is patchy in space and time. Persistence of Chondrus is thus a by—product of the activities of predators at protected sites. At exposed sites, predators do not control the mussels. As a consequence, Mytilus outcompetes Chondrus and Balanus for space and achieves structural dominance. Periwinkle abundance decreases, and abundance and seasonality of ephemeral algae increase with increasing wave shock. Results of manipulations during both primary and secondary succession indicate that Littorina littorea, the only large, abundant herbivore in the low zone, has no direct effect on perennating (regrowing vegetatively) or established Chondrus, or on its extensive, encrusting holdfast. However, this periwinkle exerts an important indirect effect by consuming seasonally abundant ephemeral algae, which slow the rate of succession by suppressing growth of Chondrus. Once Chondrus is established, L. littorea damps variations in its abundance by cropping epiphytic ephemeral algae. The role of other herbivores seems negligible. Experiments show that limpets and sea urchins potentially could control Chondrus (and its holdfast), but they are normally too scarce to have a detectable effect on the algae. Chondrus thus monopolizes space at protected areas because (1) its competitors (mussels and epiphytic ephemeral algae) are removed by their consumers (predators and herbivores), (2) it has escaped control by herbivores, and (3) it can outcompete other perennial algae by virtue of its ability to perennate, and thus maintain its occupancy of space. The organization of this portion of the New England rocky intertidal region is thus similar in important ways to that of the mid zone (Menge 1975, 1976). Predation intensity, at least partly a function of wave shock, is great at relatively protected sites and determines the observed structural pattern (domination of space by algae). Since consumers are ineffective in controlling prey at exposed sites, mussels outcompete other space users and monopolize space on the shore. Thus, predators apparently determine the "trajectory" followed during succession. The persistence of algae is strongly dependent on the removal of mussels by predators. Herbivores, though ineffective in controlling the structurally dominant perennial algae, control the abundance of ephemeral algae and hence both determine the rate at which a Chondrus bed develops and stablize established beds of Irish moss by reducing variability in its abundance. Thus, herbivores evidently control the rate of community development (succession) and enhance the persistence of this alga. Disturbance from wave shock seems to operate in a fashion similar to both types of consumers by removing mussels and ephemeral algae. However, this sort of removal tends to be more catastrophic, frequently clearing large areas of space and initiating secondary succession, especially at exposed sites. The role of disturbance is thus largely that of inducing, rather than suppressing, variability in this system.


This paper considers the adaptive synchronization problem of the drive–response type chaotic systems. Using a transmitted scalar signal with an unknown time-delay, a response system is constructed. By appropriately selecting the observer gain and designing the controller, synchronization can be achieved in the presence of the drive system's disturbances and unknown parameters. A well-known chaotic system, Chua's circuit, is considered as an illustrative example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Droba platycarpa Torrey & Gray has been frequently treated as a variety ofD. cuneijolia Nutt. ex Torrey & Gray, but our data indicate that it is sufficiently distinct morphologically to warrant specific recognition. Additionally, the flavonoid profiles and the volatile constituents of the two taxa are markedly different. The major steam distillates inD. platycarpa are 2-methylpropane nitrile, isopentane nitrile, butyl isothiocyanate, and propyl isothiocyanate, whereas those ofD. cuneijolia include pentadecane, 4-methyl-4-pentenal, 3-hexen-l-ol, and two sesquiterpenes. The former contains both diploid and tetraploid races (x = 8), but only tetraploid plants are known forD. cuneifolia.


Spectroscopic parallaxes are an important tool for determining distances of individual stars in the Galaxy. Unfortunately, for many astrophysical applications this method does not produce sufficiently accurate results for distant stars. Therefore, we started an attempt to improve the accuracy of spectroscopic parallaxes by evaluating spectroscopic temperature and luminosity criteria such as those of the MK classification spectrograms which were analyzed automatically by means of a suitable computer program. If necessary, the grain noise is reduced by Fourier filtering techniques. Then, the computer derives an approximate spectral type and the wave length scale from selected prominent spectral features. As a next step the computer searches the spectrum for adsorption features and produces an internal catalog of detectable absorption lines. Then, depending on the approximate spectral type, line ratios, line widths, and line depths of selected lines are calculated and compared to the corresponding values of standard stars. Since the investigation is still in progress, no final result on the achievable accuracy can be given here. However, preliminary results indicate that spectroscopic parallaxes derived by the computer method are at least as accurate as those derived from the conventional visual classification technique. A more detailed account of this investigation will be published elsewhere.


In this paper,Nd3 +(3·2at.%):KGd(WO4)2crystal grown by kyropoulos method was presen-ted. The absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of Nd3 +: KGWcrystal were measured. We cal-culated the absorption cross sections at 808nm(0·6799×10-20cm2),the output wavelength of fluores-cence was 1068nm and 1351nm. The diode -pumped laser was operated both in the free -running andpassively Q-switched operating modes. The maximum laser output(1064nm) was 326mW with 62·7%slope efficiency when input enery was900mW. The beamquality factor M2lower than1·2. We obtainedgreen light of532nm in frequency multiplication operation.The laser was passively Q-switched by usingCr4 +:LuAG as saturable absorber. We obtained the pulsewidth of 170ns when repetitive frequency at15kHz.


Cannabis grows profusely in the world and designates Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis [1,2]. The major cannabinoids responsible for its action include the psychoactive Δ-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the nonpsychoactive Cannabidiol (CBD), and Cannabinol (CBN) [1]. Interestingly, THC and CBD have antagonistic effects on addiction-related behaviors. THC boosts drug use, whereas CBD has low hedonic property and impedes drug seeking [3]. CBD is generally well tolerated with a good safety profile, yet reported adverse effects may be as a result of drug–drug interactions between CBD and patients' existing medications [4].


In the study, the level of interleukin-8 in the blood serum of rats with experimental model of osteoarthritis and hypothyroidism under the influence of NSAID s and paracetamol was estimated. The experiments were performed on 75 white nonlinear rats of both sexes. experimental osteoarthritis was induced by single intra-articular administration of 0.1 ml of monoiodoacetic acid solution into the knee joint. experimental hypothyroidism was reconstructed by enteral administration of 0.02% carbimazole solution, given with a drinking ration for 6 weeks. on the 42 nd day of the experiment, the animals were divided into 14 groups and drug administration began daily for 5 days. t h e serum level of interleukin-8 was estimated on 42 and 47 days of the experiment by specific ELISA kits. A significant decrease ( p ≤ 0.05) of the elevated cytokine level under the influence of pharmacotherapy was revealed. According to the degree of influence on degenerative-dystrophic process in the knee joint, the investigated drugs can be arranged as follows: diclofenac sodium > ibuprofen > nimesulide = meloxicam > celecoxib > paracetamol. the results obtained showed that the level of interleukin-8 could be used as an indicator of non-steroidal drugs and paracetamol anti-inflammatory activity under experimental osteoarthritis and hypothyroidism.


The photoreduction of o-methoxycarbonylbenzophenone (I) in a hydrogen-donating solvent, such as isopropyl alcohol and toluene, was shown to give diphthalidyl (II) or/and a coupling product (IV).


Objective To explore the role of UBE2D3 in h TERT-mediated radiosensitivity in MCF-7 cells. Methods Based on UBE2D3 gene sequences,three interference sequence were designed and a optimal jamming efficiency sequence was selected to synthesize pshRNA-UBE2D3. In MCF-7 cells,p EGFP-UBE2D3 and pshRNA-UBE2D3 were transfected respectively,and the influence of UBE2D3 on h TERT protein expression was detected by Western blot. Through transfection of p EGFP-h TERT,the influence of h TERT protein expression on UBE2D3 was detected by Western blot.UBE2D3 expression was dampened by pshRNA-UBE2D3 transfection,telomerase activity was detected by PCR-ELISA,the change of MCF-7 cell cycle was detected by MTT,MCF-7 cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 and the change of MCF-7 cellular radiosensitivity was detected by colony-forming assay. Results An optimal jamming efficiency sequence was selected,which could significantly reduce the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cell; UBE2D3 could participate in the regulation of h TERT radiosensitivity,inhibit UBE2D3 expression,up-regulate h TERT and Cyclin D1 expression,increase the activity of h TERT,accelerate G1 turn to S phase,and improve the MCF-7 cell proliferation to reduce the MCF-7 cell radiosensitivity. However,overexpression of UBE2D3 failed to detect the expression differences of h TERT. Conclusion UBE2D3 is inhibited by up-regulating h TERT and Cyclin D1 expression to participate in the regulation of h TERT radiosensitivity.


AIM
To study the feasibility, the results and the complications of cervical ripening using PG2 in scarred uterus in the third trimester of pregnancy.

METHOD
A retrospective study of 82 cases of which 10 had ruptured membranes. The administration of 0.5 mgs of PG2 by the intracervical route after Beta-mimetic drugs by the intramuscular route.

RESULTS
In 78% of the cases it was possible to improve the condition of the cervix so that labour could be induced or that it would start spontaneously. It was possible to deliver the baby vaginally in 67% of cases. There was no case of ruptured uterus.

CONCLUSION
It seems possible that when there is a medical indication to induce labour to ripen the cervix using PG2 in a scarred uterus in the third trimester of pregnancy. The administration of beta-mimetic drugs for ripening and the use of tocometry to monitor labour seemed to be important precautions that have to be taken.


Introduction: In this work, we develop a multi-scale model to calculate corrections to the prescription dose to predict compensation required for the DNA repair mechanism and the repopulation of the cancer cells due to the occurrence of patient scheduling variabilities and the treatment time-gap in fractionation scheme. Methods: A system of multi-scale, time-dependent birth-death Master equations is used to describe stochastic evolution of double-strand breaks (DSBs) formed on DNAs and post-irradiation intra and inter chromosomes end-joining processes in cells, including repair and mis-repair mechanisms in microscopic scale, with an extension appropriate for calculation of tumor control probability (TCP) in macroscopic scale. Variabilities in fractionation time due to systematic shifts in patient's scheduling and randomness in inter-fractionation treatment time are modeled. For an illustration of the methodology, we focus on prostate cancer. Results: We derive analytical corrections to linear-quadratic radiobiological indices α and β as a function of variabilities in treatment time and shifts in patient's scheduling. We illustrate the dependence of the absolute value of the compensated dose on radio-biological sensitivity, α/β, DNA repair half-time, T1/2, tumor cells repopulation rate, and the time-gaps among treatment fractions due to inter-patient variabilities. At a given tumor size, delays between fractions totaling 24 h over the entire course of treatment, in a typical prostate cancer fractionation scheme, e.g., 81 Gy, 1.8 Gy per fraction and 45 treatment days, require up to 10% compensation dose if the sublethal DNA repair half-time, T1/2, spans over 10 h. We show that the contribution of the fast DNA repair mechanisms to the total dose is negligible. Instead, any compensation to the total dose stems from the tumor cell repopulation that may go up to a significant fraction of the original dose for a time gap of up to one week. Conclusions: We recommend implementation of time irregularities in treatment scheduling in the clinic settings to be taken into account. To achieve a clinical endpoint, corrections to the prescription dose must be assessed, in particular, if modern external beam therapy techniques such as IMRT/VMAT are used for the treatment of cancer.


The conventional wisdom in the banking industry is that earnings from fee-based products are more stable than loan-based earnings, and that fee-based activities reduce bank risk via diversification. This paper considers the income diversification in the Ghanaian banking sector by analyzing the relationship between non-interest income and profitsof banks from the year 2002to 2011 and also considers the risk associated with bank income diversification. The study found that interest income remains the highest contributor to bank profits in Ghana. It was also found that revenue from non-interest sources play an augmenting role in times where there are short falls in interest revenue. This conclusion has implications for regulators interested in the stability of the banking sector, investors interested in the performance of individual banks or the entire banking/financial sector and bank borrowers who may depend on the health of specific banks for the stable provision of credit.


Sparse representation classification (SRC) has been applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition successfully. In this paper, a new multi-view SRC algorithm based on joint dictionary and classifier learning is developed for SAR target recognition. The proposed method has three prominent characteristics, compared with existing SRC algorithms. Firstly, it is to learn a compact dictionary that can promote representation capability. Secondly, it is capable of improving classification performance by jointly optimizing dictionary and classifier's parameters during training stage. Thirdly, the proposed multi-view method can mine both inner correlation and complementary information for different views of the same target by flexibly selecting representation atoms from the learned dictionary, which can be very useful for scenes where radar's observing angle changes in a wide range. Extensive experiments on the MSTAR database illustrate that the proposed method has better recognition performance than some state-of-the-art methods for SAR target recognition.


This paper obtains some equivalent characterizations of perfect strong screenable spaces under the condition T_1 normal.By using the one of them,an equivalent proposition on the countable product is proved.-


Debates concerning deductivism seem to be a hallmark of the informal logic tradition. The very first issues of the Informal Logic Newsletter, published in the late 1970s, were the site of a sustained debate concerning whether inductive arguments could be distinguished categorically from deductive arguments and, if so, how (Fohr, 1980a, 1980b; Govier, 1980a; Hitchcock, 1980; Johnson, 1980; Weddle, 1979, 1980).' At the time, the prevailing view was that deductive and inductive marked kinds of arguments. This prevailing opinion was challenged by Hitchcock (1980) who, following Skyrms (1986, pp. 6-13), proposed that "we regard the distinction between deductive and inductive as a broad and exhaustive distinction between types of validity" (p. 9). This proposal that inductive and deductive are "standard[s] for appraising arguments" (Govier, 1980b, p. 4) has been adopted subsequently by many theorists. For instance, Machina (1985) has


1. Appearance and Reality 2. Sensation, Perception, and Perceptual Qualities 3. Sensations, Secondary Qualities and Appearances to Normal Observers 4. Secondary Qualities, Dispositions, and Related Conundrums 5. Are Secondary Qualities Relative? 6. In Defence of Appearances.


The sorption of the interpolymer systems on the basis on Lewatit CNP LF and AB-17-8 industrial ion exchanges in the relation to scandium ions has been studied. The purpose of this research has been to study the sorption capacity of the interpolymer system "Lewatit CNP LF:AV-17-8" in relation to scandium ions. Methodology. To calculate the sorption parameters, the optical density of the solutions has been measured on the Jenway-6305 spectrophotometer. The obtained results have shown that the maximum sorption degree of the "Lewatit CNP LF:AV-17-8" interpolymer systems during 48 h of interaction has occurred in the molar ratios (3:3, 2:4 and 1:5) of polymers, the sorption degrees have been 26.4%; 27.9% and 26%, respectively. As can be seen, the value of the sorption degree is maximum at the ratio of 2:4. The value of the sorption degree in this ratio is higher by 32.5% and 28.5%, respectively, as compared with the degree of sorption of individual ion exchangers Lewatit CNP LF (6:0) and AV-17-8 (0:6).The highest values of the polymer chain binding degree after 48 h with scandium ions in the interpolymer system "Lewatit CNP LF:AV-17-8" for the ratios of 3:3; 2:4 and 1:5 have been 4.87%, 5.25% and 5.01%, respectively. The values of the polymer chain binding degree of the individual Lewatit CNPLF (6:0) and AV-17-8 (0:6) ion exchangers, after 48 h have been 3.68% and 4.26%, respectively. Conclusion. The obtained results have shown that the mutual activation of ion exchange resin the interpolymer system leads to a significant increase in their sorption capacity.


Particle size distribution functions (PSDF) and mean particle sizes have been determined in a laminar premixed ethylene/air flame with three different experimental approaches: photo-ionization mass spectrometry (PIMS), scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS), and laser-induced incandescence (LII). The main goal of this investigation was the cross-validation of these three methods used at our institute for the determination of particle sizes in a great variety of flames or exhaust gases. We found good agreement between the three methods in the ranges where they are comparable as well as a complementary behavior for the different size ranges. PIMS and SMPS are able to measure the particle size distribution functions with good resolution. PIMS is favorable in detecting the smallest particles (< 6 nm) and thereby able to detect even bimodal distributions of the soot precursor particles. SMPS and LII are suitable in the mid- and upper range of the particle sizes (> 2 nm and > 3 nm, respectively). LII offers the particular advantage of being a non-intrusive method. This makes it applicable in extreme environments, such as high pressure flames, as well as in very sensitive flames because no probe is needed.


To compare the perceptions of miscarriage and birth of a child with Down syndrome among pregnant women and to evaluate the implications of these preferences for the traditional 35‐year old maternal age risk boundary.


This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different sources of chromium on growth performance, blood profile and carcass trait in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 200 growing pigs (LandraceYorkshire)Duroc, average initial weight 8.5 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 10 pigs per replicate. Five treatments were designated as follows according to the source of chromium. i) Control (No chromium): corn-soybean meal based basal diet, ii) : control diet+200 ppb Cr as , iii) CrPic: control diet+200 ppb Cr as Cr picolinate, iv) CrMet-1: control diet+100 ppb Cr as Cr methionine, and v) CrMet-2: control diet+200 ppb Cr as Cr methionine. After the feeding trial, three pigs per replicate (12 pigs per treatment) were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass traits. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed: gain ratio (F/G) were not different (p>0.05) among dietary Cr sources. However, whole-period ADG of pigs fed CrPic, CrMet-1 and CrMet-2 diets was higher (p0.05) among dietary Cr sources, but the nutrient digestibility of pigs fed CrPic, CrMet-1 and CrMet-2 diets was higher (p and CrPic treatments than in the control only during the 90-110 kg phase. Backfat thickness was thinner (p0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 200 ppb Cr, via either CrPic or CrMet, improved pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Moreover, dietary CrMet supplementation for the growing-finishing pig is evidently remarkable for improving both lean percentage of the carcass and backfat thickness.


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  x Chapter 1: The Massive Open Online Course Phenomenon
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  1 Purpose of Research
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  5 Research Objectives
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  5 Conceptual Focus
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  6 Research Design
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  8 Significance of the Study
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  9 Summary
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  12 Chapter 2: A Review of MOOC-related Literature
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  13 Foundation & Definition
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  13 The Dominant Ideology Perspective
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  16 MOOCs – A Subversive Ideology
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  38 Summary
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  62 Chapter 3: Methodology
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  64 Statement of Research Questions
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  64 Research Design & Methodology
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  64 Reliability and Validity of Methodology
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  67 Sampling Procedure
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  68 Expert Participants in the Delphi Study
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  72 Instrumentation & Data Collection
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  77 Participation Rate of Expert Panel
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  82 Defining Consensus
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  84 Summary
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  85 Chapter 4: Results
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  86 Restatement of Research Questions
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  86 Restatement of Research Prompts
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  86 Results
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  91 Summary
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  130


Crater size reflects the target response to the combined effects of impactor size, density, and velocity. Isolating the effects of each variable in the cratering record is generally considered masked, if not lost, during late stages of crater modification (e.g., floor uplift and rim collapse). Important clues, however, come from the distinctive signatures of the impactor created by oblique impacts. In summary, oblique impacts allow for the identification of distinctive signatures of the impactor created during early penetration. Such signatures may further allow first-order testing of scaling relations for late crater excavation from the planetary surface record. Other aspects of this study are discussed.


An antibacterial with cyclic short chain and low hematolysis has the chemical formula (A1X1A2)N and unique amino acid structure with benzene ring and positive charge.


The present article considers the influence of environmental conditions on the body tympanum of girls and the adaptive reactions of peripheral hemodynamics to the physical activity. We carried out the evaluation of the environmental situation in the places of the permanent residence ofgirls, measured the anthropometric indices, calculated the trohanter index and defined a constitutionaltype of the age-relatedevolution of the body.The study of tibia hemodynamicswas carried out by using rheovasographyat rest, after a single dosage of physical activity in the amount of 50% of the individual PWC170and inthe recovery period. The study revealed that the pollution of the environment by chemical and radionuclide factors on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia is characterized as uneven. In polluted areas disevolutive and pathological types of the body tympanum is normally formed.An influence of the constitutional type of the age-related evolution of the body on thetibia blood flow was observed during physical activity (statistically significant inverse correlation of the trohanter index and therheographic index). The authors identified the following constitutional types of hemodynamic responses to physical activity: averagevalues of thetrohanter index (norm-evolutive type of the bodytympanum) were characterized by adequate response of tibia hemodynamic to physical stress; girls living in adverse environmental conditions, if the trohanter indexwas deviated from its average values, had a constitutional violation of peripheral hemodynamics. The identified hemodynamic features should be taken into accountwhen planning physical activity in a business environment, as well as in training conditions of athletes.


Abstract Outlier detection is a critical part of data analysis, and the use of Studentized residuals from regression models fit using least squares is a very common approach to identifying discordant observations in linear regression problems. In this paper we propose a bootstrap approach to constructing critical points for use in outlier detection in the context of least-squares Studentized residuals, and find that this approach allows naturally for mild departures in model assumptions such as non-Normal error distributions. We illustrate our methodology through both a real data example and simulated data.


Although over the past few decades liberal/conservative self-identifications have often played a part in studies of belief systems, they have seldom been the focus of research. Recently, however, several studies have suggested that such identifications play a significant role in voting behavior and political perception. Implicit in this research, however, are two tenuous assumptions: that liberal/conservative identifications are bipolar in meaning and that underlying this bipolarity is cognitive meaning based on political issues. In this paper, we develop a model of ideological identifications that emphasizes their symbolic and nondimensional origins and nature. Based on the 1976 and 1978 National Election Studies, our empirical analysis reveals strong support for the model. Specifically, ideological identifications are found to have largely symbolic meanings, a fact that helps to explain some of the findings concerning the relationship of the liberal/conservative continuum to political perception and behavior.


This study aimed at establishing the degree of conformity of mission statements, vision statements, and core value statements, of collapsed or under receivership companies in Kenya.


In part of 220 kV transmission lines of Fujian power grid,the unbalanced power between line Ⅰ and line Ⅱ are oversize. The unbalanced parameters of 220 kV transmission lines are the main reason causing severe unbalance phenomena,The formulas are presented for the relation of series compensation position and capacity value. Results from simulation and calculation show that by means of series compensation ,the unbalanced power between line Ⅰ and line Ⅱ can be effectively improved.


In a category of production processes, it is difficult to realize the product quality indices-oriented optimizing control due to their characteristics of multi-variable and un-measurable product quality. To deal with such a problem, an intelligent evaluation system for the set points in the control loops is proposed on the basis of the methodology of case-based reasoning (CBR). Consisting of a case-based reasoning model, an off-line index measuring process, and a self-tuning model, this system achieves real-time evaluation and closed-loop optimization for the set points. The proposed evaluation system is applied to a practical industry process, where it can exactly evaluate the rationality of the set points under the scenarios with frequently varied information. Since the product quality can be predicted with required accuracy, the product indices-oriented optimization is fulfilled, bringing in remarkable profits.


Objective To observe the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on 5-HT level and expression of 5-HT1 A receptor in hippocampus of depressive rats. Methods Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and treatment group. The depression animal model was produced by giving the rats chronic unpredicted mild stress. The depressional behavior was examined using sucrose preference test,Elevated Plus Maze test and Morris water maze test. The level of 5-HT and expression of 5-HT1 A receptor protein were detected using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and Western blot respectively. Results Change in percentage of sucrose of model group and treatment group rats were significantly lower,while the percentage of the number of entry into open arms and percentage of time spent were higher,than those of control group rat(P 0.05). These indexes were reversed in treatment group. The content of 5-HT and expression of 5-HT1 A receptor protein of model group and treatment group were higher than that of control group,while the index was lower after treatment with bupleurum liver-coursing powder(P 0. 05). Conclusion Effect of ginsenoside Rb1 antidepressant may induced by affect the content of 5-HT and expression of 5-HT1 A receptor in hippocampus.


The article introduced the technical superiority of "the union bioengineering lignin precipitation technology".Through the lignin precipitation example of reed pulp papermaking black liquor,it pointed out the ways to improve the technology.Further more,it also carried on the forecast to its development and the application prospect.


ABSTRACT Multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles (MTAHVs) are increasingly used around the world due to their economic and environmental benefits. However, MTAHVs exhibit poor maneuverability and low lateral stability, which may lead to fatal traffic accidents. Given the safety risks, it is necessary to solve the steering and stability problems of MTAHVs before they are safely mass deployed on our roads. To this end, active trailer steering (ATS) based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique has been explored. The LQR-based ATS demonstrates improved maneuverability and enhanced lateral stability. In the ATS design, the vehicle and operating parameters are assumed constant. Thus, it is natural to question the robustness of the ATS in presence of vehicle and operating parameter uncertainties. To address the problem, this paper proposes a robust ATS system. The robust ATS controller is designed using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based LQR method. In the design, both vehicle and steering actuator parameter uncertainties are considered; to enhance the robustness of the ATS, the weighting matrices of the proposed controller are optimized. The robust controller is applied to an A-Train Double, one type of MTAHV. The effectiveness of the robust ATS is demonstrated using numerical and hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulations.


A non-bone-anchored male sling appears to resolve mild to moderate post-prostatectomy incontinence in up to 80% of patients and may also lead to significant improvement in erectile and sexual function.


A series of pilot-scale tests were conducted to determine the effects of various parameters on the densification of refuse derived fuel (RDF). The experiments included a series of bench-scale experiments involving a single die arrangement, as well as larger-scale studies in which a commercial pellet mill was used. The bench-scale tests (tests in which the pellets were individually formed), were conducted both to provide data needed for an analysis of the basis dynamics of pellet formation and as an aid in the interpretation of results obtained with the pellet mill. The energy required to overcome die friction was studied independently of the energy consumed in material deformation and compression. By so doing, it became possible to determine the specific effects of die length, diameter, and taper. The results also suggested explanations for the excessive die wear, and for the decreasing energy requirements for increasing the mass throughput observed in commercial pellet mills.


We consider the problem of multiantenna source detection with dimension reduction in distributed wireless networks. Traditional strategies typically collect and perform raw data at the fusion center. In moderate-to-large-scale networks, however, the schemes create the bottleneck of computation and communication for high-dimensional data. The goal of this paper is to design a distributed algorithm in multiple-antenna wireless networks to project the raw data into the low-dimensional data to reduce the communication and computation burden while maintaining high detection performance. In this paper, a pseudosketching matrix is constructed to transform the raw data of each multiple-antenna node into the low-dimensional data. Furthermore, it is transformed into the vector by using the subspace method. By gathering the data vectors of all nodes at the fusion center, the eigenvalue-based detection methods, such as the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), can be applied directly to determine if the source signal exists or not. Moreover, using the concentration inequalities of subgamma random variables, the theoretical analysis is derived to support the claim that the proposed algorithm has high detection performance. The simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.


Abstract : This report covers the Phase II progress in a two-phase effort to develop the full-potential finite-volume algorithm for transonic flow over wing-body configurations. The work included investigations of grid-generation schemes, extension of the wing-body code to more complex configurations, and the effects of vortex wake modeling. The wing-body code was used to analyze a computer-designed military aircraft wing which had been wind tunnel tested. Computed results agree quite well with the experimental data. A second test case was also run for a business jet aircraft. Unfortunately, experimental data for the test case were not available for comparison. (Author)


This paper briefly discusses the general subject of motivation in the workplace, and it reviews motivating factors that apply on any job or project. These motivating factors, applicable anywhere, include salary increases or promotions, dealing honestly and fairly with everyone, being sensitive to employees' needs as people, setting the proper example, possibly visiting the site of the work, and the proper use of humor. It then describes the motivating factors that are especially critical on a joint venture‐type project. Foremost among the motivating factors especially necessary for joint venture projects is the need to develop a team spirit, and a sense of a common goal, among the employees of the several companies working together on the project. The paper gives examples of management actions designed to achieve the team spirit required of the employees of the various companies, along with several other means of properly motivating the joint venture employees.


Code Case 2286-1 [1] of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code [2][3] provides alternate rules for determining the allowable external pressure and compressive stresses for cylinders, cones, spheres, and formed heads in lieu of the rules of Section VIII, Divisions 1 and 2. The authors in this paper present a comparison of the longitudinal and circumferential compressive stresses in pressure vessels based on the methods outlined in Paragraph UG-28 of Division 1, Section VIII of the ASME Code and Code Case 2286-1. The Do /t ratio in this paper is limited to 600 which covers the majority of pressure vessel designs found in the petrochemical industry. A sample vessel shell design is presented applying both the ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1 method and that of Code Case 2286-1.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The RhD antigen is expressed only in human red blood cells (RBC).Its immunogenicity and clinical application are only next to ABO blood group system,and is widely used both for blood typing and prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn.The traditional anti-Rh(D) is derived by fractionation of plasma from individuals who have been sensitized by pregnancy or transfusion,or have been deliberately immunized to produce anti-Rh(D).Because of the limited source of plasma,researchers began the study of monoclonal and recombinant antibody.Monoclonal and recombinant anti-Rh(D) antibodies may provide alternatives to the current plasma derived polyclonal IgG anti-Rh(D),but up to now,none of them have yet proved effective in humans for prevention of RhD immunity and hemolytic disease of the newborn.


Since 2010, an advanced regionalization project has been initiated by Morocco, which plans to consolidate the processes of decentralization and deconcentration by extending the powers of the regions and other local authorities. This project, institutionalized in the 2011 Constitution, defines the territorial organization of the Kingdom and reinforces decentralization according to a model of advanced regionalization. Through advanced regionalization, Morocco aims at integrated and sustainable development in economic, social, cultural and environmental terms, through the development of the potential and resources of each region. However, in order to honor this commitment of advanced regionalization, local authorities must be assisted in adopting a local strategic planning approach, allowing them to develop territorial plans for sustainable development in accordance with the national legal framework, specifically the Framework law 99-12, and international commitments in terms of environmental protection. This research deals with the issue of environmental governance in relation to the role and duties of local authorities. Thus, the main goal of our study is to present the guidelines to be followed by the local authorities to improve the quality of the environment integration process in the local strategic planning with the aim of putting it in a perspective of sustainable development.


Worldwide climate change has resulted in severe flooding in Japan in the last decade. Some floods were likely caused by the substantial accumulation of driftwood or debris at bridges crossing rivers in mountainous areas. In this study, for a two-dimensional open channel, we conducted a laboratory experiment and numerical simulation with and without driftwood modeling to clarify the physical mechanism of a flood event resulting from driftwood accumulation at a bridge. Open-source software SPHysics, implementing a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, was calibrated with data of the water level measured near a miniature bridge in the laboratory experiment. The simulation clearly showed that the particle-like flow was scattered by the bridge girder and dammed up by the bridge in the upstream direction. By changing the quantity of driftwood, we analyzed the effect of a flood on a bridge. For the largest quantity of driftwood, the higher pressure pushing against the bridge may damage the bridge.


In this paper, the general evolution laws of the multiphoton Jaynes-Commings model which is initially in an arbitray state have been investigated. The quantum statistical properties of the two-photon Jaynes-Commings model for a two-level atom interaction with a coherent light field, as example, have been discussed.


The last decades have seen a major improvement in the knowledge of the dredging processes. Research and Development work from laboratory tests and field work resulted in improved mathematical models describing the behaviour of the cutter suction dredger. In this regard, some interesting process models have been developed for interaction between the soil and the cutterhead, behaviour of the dredger in waves and current, control of winches and the forces on anchors and spuds, and suction process, pumping and hydraulic transport of the mixture. This know-how has been used to improve the calculation rules for production estimates and for modifications of the dredger. Included in the modifications of the dredgers are improved instrumentation and automation systems. But knowledge of the R&D engineers in the headquarters of dredging companies is not easily transferred to the dredging site. The main objective of the cutter suction dredger simulator is the transfer of expertise from headquarters to the dredging site. Instruction with the simulator emphasises the acquisition of advanced knowledge, understanding of new insights in the dredging processes, and application of the acquired skills in practice. Benefits are expected in an improvement of communication, control of the dredging processes, and most of all production. During the development of the simulator project great emphasis was given to the educational aspects. First, educational goals were derived from a detailed task analysis of the dredging processes. Second, an instructional method was defined that provides a balance between simulator training and instruction on the theory of the dredging processes. Each training session on the simulator is embedded in a unique framework of briefing and debriefing with the instructor supported by instructional materials. The educational approach has resulted in a simulator training programme that bridges the gap between theory and practice. This paper describes the benefits of the use of computer simulations in the training of dredge masters and the educational aspects relevant to the development of Terra et Aqua – Number 63 – June 1996 10 Marius Cox graduated from the Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands in 1981 with a MSc in Civil Engineering. He started his career with the City of Rotterdam. In 1982 he joined Baggermaatschappij Boskalis bv as a research engineer. Thereafter he worked as superintendent, and as a production and planning engineer. Since 1994 he has been an instructor on the cutter simulator. Jan Eygenraam graduated from Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands in 1974 with a MSc in Mechanical Engineering (Dredging Technology). He started his career as a research engineer with Zanen Verstoep nv. Since 1988 he has been manager Dredging Development, Survey and Fleet Automation at Baggermaatschappij Boskalis bv. Carol Granneman graduated from Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands in 1984 with a MSc in Civil Engineering (Coastal Engineering). He started his career as a project engineer with Rijkswaterstaat. Since 1991 he has been an information analyst with Baggermaatschappij Boskalis bv. Melanie Njoo graduated in educational psychology from Leiden University, The Netherlands in 1988. In 1994 she received her PhD from Eindhoven University of Technology on learning with computer simulations. Since 1992 she has been a consultant with BSO/Human Performance Competence Center bv, a subsidiary of BSO/Origin bv. Marius Cox


Based on the data from a hand-written copy of Anqiang Bayin 《安腔八音》by CHEN Zuwei,the paper reconstructs the system of the rhyme groups of Fu'an dialect in the late Qing period.Firstly,there was a set of[y-]finals in late Qing Fu'an dialect.Secondly,the bei 杯 and hui 辉 rhyme groups shared the same pronunciation.Thirdly,the tripartite nasal/stop codas of-m/-p、-n/-t、-■/-k in this dialect had virtually merged into-■/-k.


Video over the internet has drastically grown these past years, currently representing more than 80% of the internet bandwidth [3]. The massive usage of unicast delivery leads to network congestion that can result in poor quality of experience for the viewer, high delivery cost for operators and increased energy consumption. The current methods for adaptive video streaming rely more on maximizing the video quality for a given bandwidth rather than minimizing the end-to-end (from video server to end-user display) energy consumption for a given level of quality. This paper aims at leveraging recently standardized delivery and coding technologies to maintain the video quality while monitoring and reducing video energy footprint and delivery costs. The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) [2] recently issued by ISO/IEC and ITU-T is used to further reduce video services bandwidth over previous video coding solutions, in particular its predecessor HEVC [10]. Compared to HEVC, VVC enables around 50% of bandwidth saving, at an equivalent video quality [12]. This performance is achieved by extending existing HEVC coding tools and by introducing new ones. VVC also brings new high-level features to better address new use-cases and applications (e.g variable resolution, scalability, 360° and screen-content coding). This paper uses ATEME Titan encoder while the decoding is performed by a real time software decoder OpenVVC. This latter is a cross-platform library that provides consumers with real time decoding capability under different OS including MAC OS, Windows, Linux and Android on Intel x86 and ARM platforms. A dynamic video format selection is proposed to limit the distribution bandwidth and energy cost based on quality/complexity tradeoffs sent to the player. The carriage of such metadata is achieved by using the Green-MPEG [6] and DASH standard. A content mapping and video artefacts masking is implemented to counterbalance video degradation with post-processing. These are based on SEI messages such as CTI and Grain Synthesis recently standardized in the VSEI specification [5]. An energy reporting solution is proposed in order for the end-viewer to be informed of the energy impact and enabling manual adjustment the energy/quality tradeoff. The Common Media Application Format (CMAF) is used to deliver the video segments over the network [5]. The carriage of video, audio and green metadata is based on the ISO/IEC Base Media File Format [7] (ISOBMFF). To save network traffic, the video segments can be either sent in unicast for low-audience services or in multicast for highly popular ones. The DASH/FLUTE stack is implemented as multicast protocol. The OTT services are delivered in the context of 3GPP Release 17 [1] and DVB-MABR Phase 2 network [4], including delivery over managed networks (IPTV) and mobile (4G-Lte and 5G). The estimated energy saving for the proposed delivery infrastructure is the following. First, the bitrate saving brought by improved compression is estimated to be .05-0.1 Wh/bit for 1 bit of transmitted video [11], representing 37.5-75kWh saving for a 5Mbps HEVC HD service. Usage of SL-HDR is estimated to save 15-20% of display energy [9], and even more for a receiver fully leveraging Green metadata. For an average TV set [8], it represents a 21kWh saving. Finally, radio saving is more complex to estimate, but preliminary results show that saving from multicast starts from 1-8 User-Equipment (UE) in a cell. This paper proposes an OTT delivery solution enabling operators and end-users to monitor and control their energy impact. At the headend side, metadata are generated by a pre-processing block and embedded in SEI messages. The encoder is leveraging VVC and CMAF to encapsulate video services together with the metadata. The delivery network is optimized by using DASH/FLUTE profile of DVB-MABR to save bandwidth when OTT content are delivered over IPTV or mobile networks. On end-user side, a real-time software VVC decoding and post-decoding processing are demonstrated. An end-to-end demonstrator is provided and evaluated to assess the relevance of the proposed method in a real environment.


Methods and apparatus for investigating a hydrocarbon bearing geological formation traversed by a borehole are disclosed. A borehole tool 10 is used to acquire a sample of fluid in the formation. Compositional analysis of the fluid sample is conducted to provide a determination of the composition of the sample. The sample composition is then related to a model of the thermodynamic behavior of the fluid; i.e., the mass fractions of the fluid components are used as inputs to an equation of state (EOS) to predict the phase behavior of the fluid. With reservoir fluid characterized with respect to its thermodynamic behavior, fluid production parameters, transport properties and commercially useful indicator of the reservoir are computed.


This article is an essay reflecting on foundational writing instruction in secondary education. It discusses how those fundamental writing skills transfer to legal writing, and offers appreciation for the teachers who cover fundamental writing skills from an early age.


A novel numerical analysis to characterize and to visualize the resonance behavior in a long cable is proposed. The resonance-due maximum amplification, and the frequency and position to which the maximum occurs, are represented in function of the load connected to the cable terminal in a 3-D plot here denominated "resonance surface response." This analysis is based on a white box modeling and allows the design of protective measures against the resonance phenomenon, such as filter design, protection against cross-talk, adequate voltage insulation choice, etc. One of these applications is exemplified: the design of an output filter for a power converter connected to a long cable, from which the results are compared to a classical design of the same filter to highlight the advantages and demonstrate the robustness of the proposed technique.


The US cannot take full advantage of the current worldwide glut of cheap oil because available storage space is nearly filled. Additions to the network of Gulf Coast underground caverns will not be ready in time to keep up with the current buying pace. Industry crude oil stocks, in the meantime, have been reduced. Oil purchases by the Reagan administration have been so aggressive that they have exceeded Congressional goals for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, even though questions remain about managing and accounting for the reserves, drawdown policies, and the long-term stability of the caverns. (DCK)


Chapter 2 examines Cuban responses to Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935, focusing on Communists and people of African descent. Distinctions between the two groups as well as their overlap introduce the diversity of Cuban antifascism. The chapter analyses the impact of shifting Comintern policy, asserting that the Cuban Communist Party's response to the Ethiopian invasion was a barometer of change. It explores antifascism in the African diaspora, Cuban participation in this transnational network, and attempts by Cubans of color to reconcile the diaspora with their Cuban nationalism in the context of antifascist struggle. It concludes with a look at how black Cubans made a gradual and troubled transition from supporting the Ethiopian cause to supporting the Spanish Republican cause.


In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and vermicompost on chickpea yield and yield components in Hamedan region, an experiment as a factorial form in the randomized complete block design in 2014 was conducted. The first factor nitrogen at three levels was included 0, 90and 120kg.ha and the second factor vermicompost at two levels was included lack of control and 15ton.ha. Nitrogen and vermicompostat one percent probable was affected all studied characteristic, as well as the interaction effect of nitrogen concentration with vermicompost at five percent probable has a significant effect on the seed number in plant, seed hundred weight and seed yield, but no significant effect on plant height, number of pods per plant and biological yield was observed. According to research results, 90 and120 kg nitrogen per ha had the most positive effect on the measured characteristics. Also the using of vermicompost was increased the yield and yield components of chickpea.


Let's try to understand how we're going to extract Verhaar style spinexchange parameters from the cryomaser experiment. Marc handed me a bunch of papers to use as reference. He has me start with section 3.C of Ron's thesis [1] along with a page from a grant proposal that is very similar. Then he has me reading work of the UBC guys. They have both a nice short paper [2] and a much more detailed phys. rev. A [3]. To make sure that I remember how to measure q and γt he also gave me a copy of Ed's paper on such things [4]. I also grabbed Crampton's paper on generalizing the spin-exchange formulation [5] and a slightly earlier conference proceedings [6] both for the introduction to spin-exchange and for discussions of Magnetic Inhomogeneity Shifts (MIS). Also, it's useful to look at Ron's room temperature measurements [7] and the pre-bulb status report on the cryomaser [8].


ABSTRACT The contribution of postcolonial writing to our understanding of precarity lies in its post-structuralist emphasis on the question of representation so that the act of representing precarity becomes discursively precarious. Gayatri Spivak's foundational essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" provides us with conceptual tools to problematize what may be called "discursive precarity" – that is, that set of enunciative conditions in which intellectuals speak on behalf of the precariat – but also run the risk of silencing them by substituting subaltern voices with their own. The article explores Derek Walcott's Omeros as a poem of discursive precarity by examining a rhetorically unstable double-movement, wherein the poet-narrator's identification with, and alienation from, the subaltern is dialectically and irremediably mediated by his own position of privilege. Paradoxically, the poem can only achieve legitimacy through the acknowledgement of its lack of legitimacy to sing of, and for, the subaltern.


This paper shows how the performance of a PEMFC with a Pt/Ru anode changes when nitrogen and carbon dioxide are present in the fuel. The data with N2/H2 mixtures show deviations of 10-30 mV from Nemst behavior at currents above 0.3 A/cm2. Similar deviations were observed with CO2/H2 mixtures and differences between the anode polarization with the two types of mixtures was within the experimental error of the load cell (i.e., ± 5 mV). However, closer inspection of the anode with Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) after exposure to these mixtures indicates that the CO2/H2 mixtures produced some CO from the reverse water gas shift reaction. The CO stripping area showed dependence on the inlet composition of the anode gas and the coverage of anode was found to be in the order of 10"7 mol/cm2. Equilibrium calculations at different temperatures and pressures show that the equilibrium CO concentration can reach between 10-100 ppm. discussed the effect of CO2 and studied the reverse water gas shift reaction in H2SO4 solution using cyclic voltammetry. Here we studied the dilution effect of nitrogen and carbon dioxide separately and we analyze the loss in the cell performance. We also discussed the equilibrium of the reverse


Because of more coiling tools and complex movement sequence,the detecting for collision which may happen between coiling tools when CNC spring coiler is working seem extremely important.According to geometrical characteristics of the coiling tool,the collision detection algorithm based on axial bounding box is adopted and some key technology,including the representation of box,intervene and collision response,are described.The test result shows that the system enhanced the verisimilitude and practicability of simulation graphic so that the operator can deal with the situation according to the simulation result and the actual collisions will be avoided effectively.


we dropped it was in a country in which no conveyance of any kind could be obtained, so that I had to waik between seven and eight miles. We never in any trip (and we had been up in eight altogether) experienced any singing in the ears, or any tendency to bleeding at the nose, or indeed any other physiological symptoms than those described. I believe I have described my sensations precisely as they occurred. I recollect them as well as though they had just happened, and I wrote them all down on the same night.


Abstract In 1999, the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA) was funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs (OBEMLA) to identify 10 promising and/or exemplary bilingual education programs in schools across the nation as determined by participating limited English proficient (LEP) students' academic achievement. Using these programs, IDRA identified 25 common characteristics and criteria that are contributing to the high academic performance of students served by bilingual education programs, thus helping others identify successful programs or raise the bar with their own bilingual education programs.


The many negative side effects of drugs used for treatment of highly diverse diseases, such as cancer, lead in recent years to the development of ways how to target the drug selectively to the diseased tissue while avoiding the healthy cells. Nanocarriers, made from various materials, can serve as a suitable platform for this targeted drug delivery. Herein, we evaluate the long-term stability of nanocarrier based on ubiquitous protein apoferritin with encapsulated doxorubicin. Various properties of the nanocarrier were observed over the course of 12 weeks while stored at various temperatures, such as premature drug release, optical properties of the encapsulated drug, nanocarrier size and surface zeta potential. The nanocarrier showed very good stability for up to 12 weeks with the best results observed with nanocarrier prepared in water and stored at dark at 4 °C.