Helicobacter pylori infection remains the leading cause of a number of gastroduodenal diseases. Although various eradication regimens are used to reduce associated morbidity and mortality, the prevalence of this bacterial infection is still disproportionately high worldwide, mainly due to antibiotic resistance. In these conditions, it is very important to strictly follow the basic recommendations for choosing an eradication therapy scheme. This article provides an overview of current Russian and international consensus guidelines and recommendations for the treatment of helicobacter infection. The results of various studies, including our own, are presented to assess the compliance of real practice in the management of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection with current clinical recommendations.


The fundamental role in finding the way out of the economic crisis and in maintaining the dynamics of sustainable economic growth pertains to innovation, as capable of ensuring the renewal of the technical and technological production basis, achieving competitive production and gaining the world markets. The human capital of the individual is an important factor for the innovation activity, and the representation of the human capital at the level of a nation may be an expression of the innovation-relevant skills.


This study investigated two hypotheses concerning the use of anaphors in information retrieval. The first hypothesis, that anaphors tend to refer to integral concepts rather than to peripheral concepts, was well supported. Two samples of documents, one in psychology and the other in computer science, were examined by subject experts who judged the centrality of phrases which were referred to anaphorically. The second hypothesis, that various term weighting schemes are affected differently by anaphoric resolution, was also well supported. It was found that schemes which incorporate document length into the calculations produce much smaller increases in term weights for terms occurring in anaphoric resolutions than do those which do not consider document length. It is concluded that although anaphoric resolution has potential for better representing the "aboutness" of a document, care must be taken in choosing both the anaphoric classes to be resolved and the term weighting schemes to be used in measuring a document's topicality.


The deformation or cracking of the stamping tool could influence the working life and efficiency of the tool.The factors for fault of cold stamping tool have been analyzed by production practice in the text,which provides reference for other manufacturers.


ABSTRACT A new strand of writing in political philosophy deals with the linkage – rather than the tension – between politics of recognition and politics of redistribution. This scholarship usually deals with two-dimensionally subordinated groups (e.g. poor ethnic minorities). In this case study, I explore empirically how such linkages may be manifested in regard to a mismatched status group. Focusing on low-income college-educated people (LICEP), and going beyond the traditional status inconsistency approach, I have explored how LICEP frame their social positioning mostly in terms of self-fulfillment and recognition. This is at odds with LICEP having a pivotal role in social protests globally. Taken together, the findings yield a configuration of a few recognition-redistribution interactions: Low material reward is experienced as misrecognition; LICEP-centered social protests are also about recognition of their lifestyle and are characterized by self-fulfillment potential for this group (i.e. creative environment); and the different modalities of self-fulfillment work as sources for LICEP activists' biographies. This specific configuration takes us beyond abstract notions of the recognition-redistribution linkage and the double subordination examples.


Objective To evaluate the impact of smoking for the population's life span and the relationship between smoking and the incidence or subtypes of stroke. Methods The community with population of 20 000 was selected in Beijing City,from which 5441 (age≥35 years) people were surveyed after random cluster sampling. Then the second cross-sectional survey after 10 years was finished. Results The incidence of stroke in 5441 people was 668.15/100 000 person-years. In accordance with the morbidity of stroke during three groups of total stroke,ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke the order was: smoking group(798.56/100 000 person-years ) quit smoking group(754.71/100000 person-years)no smoking group(591.38/100 000 person-years),respectively,and showing that the impact of smoking for ischemic stroke and total stroke were more clear. Smoking group survival curve decreased significantly. Conclusion Smoking has constituted the independent risk factors for stroke. Smoking can increase the incidence of stroke as well as reduce the population survival curve and affect the life expectancy. In addition,the old and middle-aged people were high-risk groups which prone to stroke so that they could benefit from smoke-quitting.


To describe and characterize essential voice tremor, including signs, symptoms, and severity, and its relation to other manifestations of essential tremor. Description of aspects of treatment is a secondary goal.


H– ion conductor materials have the great potential to enable high-energy density electrochemical storage based on hydrogen. Fast H– conduction has been recently demonstrated in the La2–x–ySrx+yLiH1–x+yO3–y oxyhydride materials. However, little is known about the H– diffusion mechanism in this new material and its unique structure. The origin of such exceptional H– conduction in the oxide-based materials is of great interest. Using first-principles calculations, we studied the energetics and diffusion mechanisms of H– ions as a function of structures and compositions in this oxyhydride system. Our study identified that fast H– diffusion is mediated by H– vacancies and that the fast two-dimensional or three-dimensional H– diffusion is activated by different anion sublattices in different compositions. In addition, novel doping was predicted from ab initio computation to increase H– conductivity in these materials. The unique two-anion-site feature in this structural framework enables highly tunable lattice...


Wall thickness of some secondary system pipelines were measured on site during the refueling outages in March 2012.Wall thinning happened in some components of APA system.This paper focused on the cause analysis of an elbow with that phenomenon.Wall thickness was carefully measured in laboratory using ultrasonic thickness meter and found that wall thinning happened nearly all elbows including two abnormal thinning regions.Analytical research was conducted using ICP,stereo microscope,SEM,XRD,ANSYS.The result shows that the cause of wall thinning is flow accelerated corrosion.Based on the analysis result and international research progress,this paper makes some suggestions to avoid and alleviate FAC in the secondary system.


Game meat is one of the priorities for the sustainability of the wildlife ranching industry, says Dr Peter Oberem, deputy president of Wildlife Ranching South Africa (WRSA). Currently between 150 000 and 200 000 tons of game meat enter the human food chain annually. The majority of this is via local 'biltong' hunters who would bring back a few carcasses from the hunting fields for themselves, pay for the processing fee at a butchery and perhaps also sell some carcasses to friends and relatives.


This work pretends go into the "patriarchy" category, employed as one of the theoretical categories of the research Power relations that legitimate the use of violence on feminine bodies in heterosexual couples. It affirms that power relations are constituted in a way that legitimate the use of violence on women in heterosexual relations. In consequence, the establishment of these power relations and the use of violence are mechanisms that keep patriarchy alive as a domination system. In order to develop our thesis, it is going to be executed an analysis of the modern State origin myths; it is going to be revised the gender roles promulgation as a product of work sexual division and the effects of the acceptance of the heterosexual, monogamic and private family. Finally, it is going to be a theoretical comparison of the couple "public/private" versus "inside/outside."


Batching and rearing of white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus), brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus), and pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) were conducted at Panama City, Florida, U.S.A., w a estuary site along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Using the large scale production method, 5,04 million white shrimp, 1.19 million brown shrimp, and 1.63 million pink shrimp at advanced post-larval stage were produced per tank of 145 mf capacity. Survival rate from nau- plius to postlarval shrimp ms 78.7 % for white shrimp, 25.2 % for brown shrimp, and 43.1 % for pink shrimp. White shrimp showed better growth rate during the early postlarval stage. These shrimp were released into pens installed in the estuary. White shrimp showed better survival immediately after release compared to brown shrimp and pink shrimp even when released at smaller than 5 mg body weight. Survival rate for white shrimp at pen stage for about 20 days ms 68.0 %. It is concluded that non-grooved shrimp (white shrimp) has much better production efficiency compared to grooved shrimp (brown shrimp, pink shrimp, etc...).


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)is one of the most common functional disorders encountered by gastroenterologists.It is associated with abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits.Low-grade inflammation,especially low inflammation after acute infection,may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBS.This article reviewed the interaction between intestinal immune reaction and intestinal nerve system caused by low inflammation.


Shennong Frame State Forest Park closes to the Muyu Town (31.4 degrees N, 110.7 degrees E) in the west of Hubei Province and includes Jinhou Ridge, Tiansheng Bridge, Shennong Altar, Xiangxi River Source and other sceneries. Our knowledge of Tardigrada from this area was rather meager. In June of 2005, the writer has collected some paper bags of mosses from above sceneries. Using precipitation method, the writer have gotten more tardigrade specimens from these mosses. The following known species were found: Echiniscus japonicus Morikawa, 1951; Echiniscus bigranulatus Richters, 1907 is a new record for China and has 108.9-298.4 mu m body length, filamentous lateral cirrus A of 48.4-72.6 mu m, two granular sculptures on the dorsal plates, dentate collars on the fourth pair of legs, sickle claws with dagger spurs; Pseudediniscus facettalis Petersen, 1951; Milnesium tardigradum Doyere, 1840; Macrobiotus adelges Dastych, 1977; Macrobiotus hibiscus Barros, 1942 is a new record for China too and has 387.2-544.0 mu m body length, 108.9-181.5 mu m maximum width, "pearled" sculpture on the body surface, with eyes, 2 macroplacoids and microplacoid, Y-shaped doubleclaw with cuticular bars and lunulae, eggs with truncated cone-like projections; Macrobiotus hufelandi Schultze, 1833; Macrobiotus richtersi Murray, 1911; Macrobiotus terricola Mihelcic, 1949; Dactylobiotus aquatilis Yang, 1999; Isohypsibius jinhouensis sp. nov. was found in Jinhou Ridge scenery and differs from other described members of die genus in having 338.8-423.5 mu m body length, 133.1-145.2 mu m maximum width, fine armores on the dorsal cuticle, large oval eyes, rectangular and oval macroplacoids, circular microplacoids, two V-shaped doubleclaws of different size and shape, primary branches without accessory points, concentric circle bars in wide claw bases, so it is new for science. AN the specimens are deposited in the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan.Etymology. Isohypsibius jinhouensis sp. nov. is named in a souvenir for discovery place of Shennong Frame, China.


THANKS ARE DUE Daniel Orr [8] for resurrecting some important issues on the demand for money by large firms through questioning some of my results and presumptions [5]. I am particularly happy that he agrees with several of my major conclusions: in particular, that Baumol-Tobin type transactions demand models will be useless, and that we need much better information on the number of firm accounts, the importance of compensating balances, and, in general, on the day to day cash management operations of firms. However, his attempt to better predict cash balances through the use of the well known Miller-Orr type models [1, 2, 3 and Orr, 4] is incorrect for reasons which might have been clear from some additional work of mine [6, 7], and, indeed, from footnote 9, p. 842 of the original article. Basically the problem is that cash is not an inventory in the normal sense with a normal transactions cost function as assumed in the Miller-Orr type models. These models contain an implicit nonnegativity restraint on firms' cash balances. Or put alternatively, they suggest that negative cash balances during a day are subject to overdraft costs similar to those incurred for an overdraft at the end of the day, or in effect, overnight. However, in the real world cash is not a normal inventory precisely because it can be negative with zero costs to both a firm and its bank at all times during a day except at the end of business. For a large firm the only cash balance figures of any consequence to it or its banks are its end of day balances because that is the only time when the balances are measured. Although Orr comments on the use of end of day figures as being the only figures available, he does not realize the consequence, which is that his model cannot apply to this type of data. This model derives mean expected cash balances, not expected end of day cash balances. There is literally no connection between the two measures, and thus his model cannot be useful in predicting any balances actually observed. In order to understand the problem, consider the single centralized cash balance of a firm large enough to have daily money market operations. Orr's mean cash balance predicted for such a firm is, from eq. 2, p. 1566:


script before his death in 1976,2 but the comments of scholars whom he allowed to read it and the brief quotations in their works provide tantalizing glimpses into what is apparently the first of Traherne's prose meditations, written, as nearly as can be judged, sometime between 1661 and 1664, during his residence in the small parish of Credenhill.3 Most commentators, while concentrating on Traherne's mature work, suggest a continuity between it and "Select Meditations" that leads us to expect few surprises in the latter. A. L. Clements sees his work as "one consistent, developing whole"$ Joan Webber finds "Select Meditations" interesting but prefers to base her analysis of Traherne's prose on Centuries, which is more typical of Traherne's matations. E9 , 1 Osborn never accomplished the projected edition of the manu-


The pace of medical innovation is quickening, pushed by advances in biotechnology and pulled by growing demand for healthcare. Completion of the Human Genome Project has provided a multitude of data for determining genes and their functions, and stimulated the application of information technology and private capital for the development of new individualized drugs, gene therapies, and biomaterials for tissue and organ regeneration. Concurrently, demand for healthcare continues to grow, expanding the market for medical innovations that are proven in clinical trials to be safe and effective.


A new method for accelerating the convergence of Z-1 energy expansions based on the quantum mechanical virial and Hellmann-Feynman theorems is proposed. The convergence rate for the ground state of H- is analysed. The high effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by the binding energy of the ground state of He (E=-2.903724382 au) when only eight coefficients of the Z-1 expansion are used. The deviation of this energy from the exact non-relativistic value is 6*10-9 au. Estimates for the energy of the excited states of H- E(1s2s)3S=-0.4999990 au and E(2p2)3P=-0.125352 au are given with errors of a few units in the last decimal place.


Chemotherapy often requires a central venous access such as a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC-line). The purpose of this study is to describe patients' experiences with the PICC-line during curative oncological treatment. A quantitative cross-sectional study including 36 questionnaires (response rate 97%) comprising 14 questions was used. The results are presented in four dimensions: information, discomfort, anxiety, and restrictions in daily life. Patients are generally satisfied with their PICC-lines compared with peripheral pinpricks; however, some restrictions regarding dressings, movement, and hygiene routines were reported. Moreover, patients described anxiety using the PICC-line regarding lack of functionality and risk of infection. Therefore, patients need information based on everyday life situations, and nurses' information skills may significantly increase patient safety and patient satisfaction during curative oncological treatment.


Differential operators of the second order are studied. Conditions of their invertibility are obtained. The main results are obtained on the comparison of the operator matrix of the second order with the researching operator


Recently derived kinetic equations for joint distribution functions of defects are discussed. Defects are assumed to possess a diffusion motion and to annihilate instantly when two dissimilar defects approach a clear-cut recombination radius. Along with the spatial correlation of dissimilar defects (produced by both an initial correlated distribution within 'genetic' Frenkel pairs and a further annihilation), the correlation of similar defects has been taken into account for the first time. The latter arises indirectly from an annihilation of dissimilar defects. Its contribution to the annealing kinetics has been reported. The present theory is compared with earlier developed theories by Waite (1957) and Antonov-Romanovskii (1970).


The learning of the Tahfīul Qur'ān continues to flourish in modern times. At present even almost all major cities in Indonesia have many schools of Tahfīul Qur'ān. The program is very large and the branches are spread across the country to foreign countries. Not to mention small schools scattered everywhere. So great is the desire and enthusiasm of the Muslim community in joining the program. In Muhammadiyah Middle School 4 Surakarta there is a program to memorize the Qur'an with a target of memorizing 1 juz al-Qur'an every year. the program is called excellent class. memorization is done starting from juz 30 then 29 and 28.
This research has a problem statement on how the implementation of the Tahfīẓul Qur'an learning and what are the inhibiting factors and supporting learning of Tahfīul Qur'ān. The purpose of this study was to describe the learning of the Tahfīẓul Qur'ān at Muhammadiyah Middle School 4 Surakarta and describe the supporting and inhibiting factors of the Tahfīẓul Qur'ān learning at Muhammadiyah 4 Middle School in Surakarta. This type of research is field research with qualitative research methods. Data collection using interview, observation and documentation methods. And analysis of data obtained using deductive.
The results of this study can be concluded that the implementation of the Tahfīẓul Qur'ān learning in the excellent class for class VII and class VIII is held on Tuesday and Thursday, at 14.30-15.10. But the implementation was carried out in class for class VII students, while for class VIII students who completed the target of 30 juz in the classroom and in the mosque for students who took juz 29. As for class IX, the learning was held on Monday and Wednesday at 14.30-15.10 at classes for students who have not finished juz 30 and 29. And in the prayer room for students who take juz 28. The process of implementation is covering the introduction of opening and muraja'ah, then the core activity (memorizing) is the last closing of the deposit. Then the supporting factors of the Tahfīẓul Qur'ān learning are strong encouragement from the teacher and the enthusiasm of the teacher, Camping Qur'an and mabit in Tawangmangu. The learning inhibiting factors of the Tahfīul Qur'ān include: lack of self motivation and enthusiasm of students in memorizing, lack of attention from parents in guiding memorization at home


Reactors for the production of special nuclear materials share many similarities with commercial nuclear power plants. Each relies on nuclear fission, uses uranium fuel, and produces large quantities of thermal power. However, there are some important differences in production reactor characteristics that may best be discussed in terms of mission, role, and technology.


The incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, according to various authors, ranges from 5 to 39% and depends on the patient's age and other contributing factors. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea can be caused by any antibiotic, regardless of dosage form or route of administration. In the pediatric population, the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea ranges from 6 to 70%. An urgent problem is the development of this disease against the background of a course of H. pylori eradication therapy, which significantly complicates tolerance and adherence to therapy.This article presents current data on the pathogenesis and risk factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. The clinical picture ranges from idiopathic enteritis to antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Cl. difficile - pseudomembranous colitis.The main principle of antibiotic-associated diarrhea treatment is cancellation of the antibacterial medicine that caused the diarrhea, or reducing its dose (if the course of the disease allows it). In complex treatment sorbents are used, correction of water-electrolyte balance is carried out. The use of probiotics seems quite logical for the treatment and prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in terms of the pathogenesis of this condition. To correct dysbiosis, drugs are used to maintain and restore the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota.Taking into account modern recommendations the main groups of drugs (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics) used for correction of intestinal microbiocenosis are presented. The mechanism of action of probiotics and mechanisms of their effect on intestinal microflora are considered. The basic requirements for bacterial strains that are part of the probiotic drugs are presented.The results of various randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses confirming the necessity of including probiotic complexes in antibiotic-associated diarrhea treatment regimens are presented from an evidence-based medicine perspective. The clinical effects of strains of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Streptococcus spp. and Lactococcus spp. on the digestive tract microbiota are considered.The role of a synbiotic containing 9 probiotic strains of 4.5 × 109 CFU in one capsule and the prebiotic component fructooligosaccharides in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children is discussed separately. The results of microbiological studies confirmed the presence of microorganisms of genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus in the product, and the content of bacteria in one dose of the product was not less than 2 x 1010 CFU.


The secretions of the gastric mucosa represent the combined activities of six histologically distinguishable cell types secreting more or less independently a t varying secretory rates. The complexity of the macromolecular components has been underscored by Horowitz and Jerzy Glass. It is reasonable to assume, as with hydrogen ion and pepsin secretion, that the mucinous secretions reflect in their composition changes in the functional state of the mucosa in health and in gastroduodenal disease. We have therefore studied the nondialyzable substances of these secretions to test this assumption. Some preliminary findings are described. In one study comparison of the polysaccharide moieties was made between salivary, gastric, duodenal, and rectal mucinous secretions obtained from one healthy person. The variation in composition from day to day was also studied by comparing four gastric and four salivary mucinous secretions collected simultaneously over a nine day interval from this person. In the second study comparisons were made of healthy controls and patients hospitalized with various gastroduodenal diseases. In addition the relationship between secretion of blood group substances and composition of the polysaccharide moiety of gastric nondialyzable substances was investigated.


Two kinds of coating consisted predominantly of oxides of Na,K and Ti were formed on the solid wire by nano-coating technology in the paper.The signals of arc voltage and current were collected by of the analysator Hannover.By analysis of the voltage probability density distribution,current probability density distribution,∑n(Us) and ∑n(Is),∑n(Us) and ∑n(Is),the usability of the three kinds of solid wire were compared.The experimental results show that the droplet size of two kinds of coating solid wires are smaller than un-coating solid wire and the droplet size of solid wire whose coating includes boron is the smallest in three solid wires.The reasons are that the surface tension of the droplet is reduced and the electromagnetic force in axial direction is increased due to the coating.In addition,the reason why the droplet size of solid wire whose coating includes boron is smallest is that boric oxide can drastically reduce surface tension.


The phase stability of non magnetic Cu-Ni alloys is studied within a tight binding framework. Densities of states, enthalpies of mixing and ultimately the phase diagram are computed and compared to experimental data.


ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to understand the triggering factors of new firm growth in high-tech environments (life science, knowledge-intensive business services [KIBS] and engineering) by studying a representative sample of high-growth Italian start-ups. Our empirical research uses the information gathered during direct interviews with managers through a semi-structured questionnaire, which was presented to 382 new Italian firms. Considering the characteristics of new firms, this article summarizes the key growth factors. Investment in acquiring new competencies both in technology and marketing, development of dynamic capabilities (investment in human resources and new routines) and access to external knowledge and information sources emerged as significant.


Perovskite solar cells have potential to deliver terawatt‐scale power via low‐cost manufacturing. However, scaling is limited by slow, high‐temperature annealing of the inorganic transport layers and the lack of reliable, large‐area methods for depositing thin (<30 nm) charge transport layers (CTLs). We present a method for scaling ultrathin NiOx hole transport layers (HTLs) by pairing high‐speed (60 m min−1) flexographic printing with rapidly annealed sol–gel inks to achieve the fastest reported process for fabrication of inorganic CTLs for perovskites. By engineering precursor rheology for rapid film‐leveling, NiOx HTLs were printed with high uniformity and ultralow pinhole densities resulting in photovoltaic performance exceeding that of spin‐coated devices. Integrating these printed transport layers in planar inverted PSCs allows rapid fabrication of high‐efficiency (PCE > 15%) CsxFA1−xPbI solar cells with improved short circuit currents (Jsc) of 22.4 mA cm−2. Rapid annealing of the HTL accelerates total processing time by 60X, while maintaining the required balance of optoelectronic properties and the chemical composition for effective hole collection. These results build an improved understanding of ultrathin NiOx and reveal opportunities to enhance device performance via scalable manufacturing of inorganic CTLs.


The CDS technique is the traditional approach used to reduce the readout noise of CMOS APS. The conventional CDS circuit has many disadvantages, such as the additional noise after CDS circuit, the large imager size and the big power dissipation due to a large number of transistors used. In this paper a reduced-area, low-power and low-noise CDS circuit for CMOS APS has been proposed. For one spur track of the conventional CDS has saved and the low-power SEDP is used to finish the difference and amplified function, the area of the pixel cell with proposed CDS is reduced by a factor of above 2.5. The hspice simulation results show that the power dissipation of the pixel cell with proposed CDS is 73.96 /spl mu/W and the total output noise voltage of the pixel cell with the CDS circuit is 0.887 /spl mu/V//spl radic/(Hz) based on the tsmc 0.6 /spl mu/m technology.


Plant root plays an important role in anchorage and water and nutrient acquirement.However methodological limitations have troubled many researchers because of the inaccessibility of belowground systems.It appears important to find a good approach for in situ observation of root growth.The minirhizotron method has been regarded as the most promising method for root studies so far.This article aims to introduce the method to researchers in China and to synthesize several issues involved in the application of the minirhizotron method in terms of it's hardware,installation,digital image collection,data acquisition,and subsequent data analysis.Minirhizotron tubes are main parts of the minirhizatron system.Minirhizotron tubes of different materials make different influence on growth and longevity of plant roots.Glass is the material carrying minimal influence at present.A key requirement for installation of minirhizotron tubes is to insure a good contact between the tube surface and the surrounding soil.Minirhizotron installation usually adopts a two-step tube installation method.But this method may not operate very well in several kinds of soils such as heavy textured soils,soils with abundant rocks and cobbles,soils with argillic(clayey) horizons,or loose structureless soils.The angles of minirhizotron installation are commonly 30°or 45°off the vertical.Frequency of minirhizotron image collection has marked influence on the calculated veracity of the growth and death of roots during sampling intervals,for the growth and death of root occur frequently.The frequency of image collection depends upon the root demography and the time and resources available.If information about root standing crop,production,turnover and lifespan is desired,long sampling intervals should be avoided.The basic information of birth,death,root number and root length can be derived from the minirhizotron image,which make it much easier to calculate root production and turnover(mortality).Universally,it is based on the changes of color and morphology to identify living roots or dead roots.If the root changes from white to brown or black,or the root becomes shrivelling,softening,partial decomposed,or disappeared,it is viewed as dead root,but not all the roots that have changed from white to brown are dead roots. So it is still difficult to accurately discriminate the living roots and dead roots only through minirhizotron image.


A musicological analysis is to do close observations on all musical phenomena or musical works,and then explain them or evaluate them in the background of the social,historical,and cultural environments,which has the features of dualism.The aria My Dear Father in Puccini's opera Jani.Schicchi is melodious and touching.This paper tries to do a musicological analysis on the style of Puccini's opera in order to discover the deeper meaning of music in the history of Western music.


The main problems facing the NCP Scheme fall into two categories: financing, and management. The granting of pensions to persons who do not require assistance, since they do not qualify as 'poor', together with the failure on the part of the respective authorities to make timely and complete transfers of resources, which by law belong to the Scheme, limit the real prospects of the programme for broadening its effective coverage and increasing the amount of the pensions it grants.

In spite of this, some estimates presented in the study indicate that 15 per cent of all NCP beneficiaries are able to reduce their level of poverty thanks to the pension they receive.
Likewise, 62 out of every 100 colones spent on these pensions have a positive effect in terms of narrowing the poverty gap for the beneficiary and his or her family. On the other hand, almost 45% of the country's elderly poor does not receive any pension at all.

The basic recommendations proposed revolve around three core aspects: strengthening the scheme's finances, improving beneficiary selection processes, and lastly, possibly modifying the manner in which pensions are calculated so as to provide proportionally greater amounts to persons living the furthest below the poverty line.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for electrically electroluminescent light emitting semiconductor LED wafer test prediction parameters. Predicting the characteristic parameters of the semiconductor device manufactured by using the diode model of the wafer and the conductive probe measurements taken at the wafer level. Representing as a function of the current resistance, ideality factors and reverse saturation current - voltage relationship of the current - voltage curve (I-V) model is fitted to the plurality of conductive probe measurements. Then, the current estimated by the device from the (I-V) minus the resistance generated by the model fits the (I-V) is multiplied by the current model of the product - voltage curve (I-Vd).


Cervical cancer is a malignant disease in cervix; it ranks the second as the cause of death in women throughout the world after breast cancer. The coverage of its early detection, using IVA method in Indonesia is 8.1% so that the case is found when it has already been in advanced stage. IVA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) is a simple alternative method which is aimed to detect cervical cancer early as possible. The objective of the research was to find out the influence of audiovisual media health education with visual media about cervical cancer early detection through IVA screening on women's knowledge and attitude at Hinai Kiri Puskesmas. The research used quasi experimental method with without control group design. The samples were 24 married women who were 30-50 years old, taken by using purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using bivariate analysis with paired t-test statistic test. The  result of paired t-test showed that p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05) in the respondents' knowledge and attitude with the increase in the mean-score of the knowledge with audiovisual media was -16.75, visual media was -13.42, and the mean-score of attitude with audiovisual media was -18.83, visual media was -20..34. There was the influence of health education of audiovisual media with visual media on the respondents' knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer early detection through IVA screening. It is recommended that health education technique be developed to increase people's awareness of cervical cancer, and cervical cancer screening facility be provided by using affordable IVA method.


The main factors of interfering the signal transmission quality of rolling contact fatigue tester was introduced,and several anti-interference methods were presented.The result shows that the good experimental effects were obtained.


Family, social support networks and institutional, education and labor spaces are factors of inestimable importance in understanding and addressing the etiological chain of problematic use of psychoactive substances (CPSP). The overall objective of this work was to identify and analyze psychosocial factors related to patients with CPSP attended in Addictions Care Centers (CPA) in the Province of Buenos Aires (BA), Argentina. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed. The records of sociodemographic and psychosocial variables of the population using the service network were obtained from the Observatory of  Psychoactive Substances Use. The main characteristics found were weak social networks and support containment, accompanied by the lack of forward-looking in patients with average age of 28 years; in addition to familiar scenarios with difficulties in carrying out the socio-affective functions. Patients with future projection showed higher presence of social support networks and containment and interests.


A method of making grinding wheel mounts by molding a central hub onto a thermoset plastic abrasive disc is provided. An aromatic polycarbonate thermoplastic resin is molded to form a hub on a cured thermoset plastic abrasive disc. It is believed that the polycarbonate forms both a mechanical and chemical bond with the thermoset plastic to provide an efficient method of producing grinding wheels.


This article examines the extent to which the risk needs responsivity (RNR) model and desistance principles have been integrated and operationalised in the development of the Enablers of Change assessment and sentence planning tool developed by a Community Rehabilitation Company provider in England. We consider the constructs that underpin the tool, identifying points of departure and similarity between RNR principles (Andrews and Bonta, 2007), the 'good lives' model (Ward and Maruna, 2007) and desistance principles (McNeil and Weaver, 2010) and their integration. We examine how these constructs have been operationalised in the tool, which aims to assess needs, strengths, protective factors and contribute to risk assessment. Given the tool's innovation, this article is of international significance and will make an original contribution to the evidence base on operationalising desistance in the management of people with convictions in England and Wales and other jurisdictions.


Amarta Lohano and Syed Mustafa Ali Zaidi SZABIST Karachi, Pakistan. Abstract— Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are now become an emerging technology and vastly use in engineering science, industries and military areas. To make this technology available commonly, many things requires attentions. In this study, the emergence, applications and problems of WSN has been discussed. Also some recent proposed architectures to optimize the major issues of WSN i.e. field coverage and network energy. This proposed architecture is the improvement of an already proposed architecture which is less complex. The proposed modified architecture has been proved by simulation process.


Book - A list of geographical atlases in the Library of Congress - Arrowsmith's Australian Maps - Arrowsmith's Australian Maps is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of SUBJECT with links to related articles and images. ADD MORE DESCRIPTION AS REQUIRED


The invention discloses a natural caving method suitable for slowly-inclined thick and large ore bodies, and belongs to the field of mine exploitation. The method comprises the following steps: arranging pedestrian mountain-climbing and ore removal lanes on ore body foot walls, cutting subsection contact lanes layer by layer from the pedestrian mountain-climbing direction to the ore body direction, drawing back a flat lane serving as a scraper lane under the ore body foot wall and at the other end of each subsection contact lane, and communicating each scraper lane with the ore removal lane through an ore pass; and constructing a bucket bottom and a bucket neck in turn from the scraper lane to the two sides thereof, and constructing an undercutting lane above the bucket neck and performing medium-deep hole blast by using the undercutting lane. In the scheme, manpower can be used in the undercutting lane or the scraper lane positioned on the ore body foot walls, so the production safety is ensured; and compared with the common natural caving method and the open-stope method, the method has small tunneling amount and strong production capacity. The method for exploiting the slowly-inclined thick and large broken ore bodies with easily-collapsing top slabs can obviously reduce the cost and comprehensive cost of mined ton ores.


In challenging with a modern, complex and advanced engineering system, specialists must use a very sophisticated process in modelling, simulation, visualisation, analysis, designing, prototyping, testing, fabrication and construction. In analysis of advanced engineering systems there are a large number of physical phenomena, so many that is not possible to model and simulate them all, just the major phenomena which affect the performance of the system. In this paper will try to establish the benefits of using meshfree methods (SPH). In the traditionally FEM (finite element method), the problem spatial domain is discretized into meshes. The meshfree method is used to establish a system of algebraic equations for the whole problem domain without the use of predefined mesh. The most important goal is developing meshfree methods reduced cost to create a quality meshes for practical problems with complicated geometries.


This paper describes the characteristic of negative group delay (NGD) circuits for various configurations including first-order, distributed, and second-order RC circuit configurations. This study includes locus, magnitude, and phase characteristics of the NGD circuits. The simplest NGD circuit is available using first-order RC or RL configuration. As an example of distributed circuit configuration, it is verified that losses in a distributed line causes NGD characteristic at higher cut-off band of a coupled four-line bandpass filter. Also, novel wideband NGD circuits using second-order RC configuration, instead of conventional RLC configuration, are proposed. Adding a parallel resistor to a parallel-T filter enables NGD characteristic to it. Also, a Wien-Robinson bridge is modified to have NGD characteristic by controlling the voltage division ratio. They are fabricated on MMIC substrate, and their NGD characteristics are verified with measured results. They have larger insertion loss than multi-stage RLC NGD circuits, however they can realize second-order NGD characteristic without practical implementation of inductors.


To tile Editor:-[ wish to thank de Crespigny, Cooper, and McKenna for their well-illustrated, excellent report, "Early Detection of Intrauterine Pregnancy With Ultrasound" (7:7, 1988). I certainly plan to use it for example in teaching obstetrics and gynecology residents the techniques and pitfalls of vaginal ultrasound. I do think that their title and discussion puts the emPHAsis on the wrong SylLAble. As they correctly point out, a viable blastocyst or embryo cannot be distinguished from a missed abortion at this gestational age; therefore, the method may only be helpful for differential diagnosis of intrauterine vs, extrauterine vs. no pregnancy. As far as can be surmised from Table 1 and the Discussion, a correct diagnosis (right diagnosis, right number, right location) was achieved in 16 of 27 consecutive cases (59o/o; 95% confidence limits, 39o/o to 78%).1 have a fair coin that would do as well in about one out of five series (p 21). Their series includes five missed pregnancies, two missed twins, and one missed ectopic pregnancy. The chorion in a normal intrauterine pregnancy is also not "separate from but adjacent to the uterine cav· ity," although it may appear to be so. It also raises the possibility of an isthmic (cornual) pregnancy. lf we are to continue in the respect of our clinical colleagues, we must teach and follow the conservative


Transmission bearing power of double-arc gear is higher than involutes gear and gain rapid development in domestic. But the difficulty of 3D molding technology is complicated tooth-profile shape and wheel body structure. Using Visual Basic6.0 programming realizes parameter modeling based on solid edge and meets assembly analysis and mechanics analysis.


The paper is devoted to the analysis of some processes of the corruption security threat in Russia. Main features of this phenomena were extracted on public-opinion survey data. The author produced the in-depth study of the Southern Russia corruption institutes in historical, social and political scopes.


This study provides empirical evidence on the short term and the long term effects of initial public offering (IPOs) by firms, on their competitor firms' performance in Indonesia. We perform short-run and long-run event studies and cross sectional regressions over the period 2010 to 2017 and find that both IPO firms and their competitors experience positive stock returns in the short-run and in the long-run. We find that IPO firms' stock performance is relatively stable in the long-run that enables the competitor firms' stock returns to catch up with IPO firms' stock performance. We find negative effect of IPO firms' stock performance on their competitors' stock performance in the short-run, and a positive effect in the long-run. Our findings imply that IPO firms provide good information to the industry and no obvious competitive landscape changes are observed.


Grip force measurement devices are necessary for artificial hands and hand injury rehabilitation. Therefore, methods for measuring applied force in prehension must meet some minimal requirements such as little weight, reliability, feasibility, and low-cost. In this paper, the design of a cost-effective artificial fingertip and a system for recording individual fingertip forces are presented, based on simple force sensing resistors as the main component. The system is able to automatically calibrate the range of forces in the sensors with an acceptable level of accuracy. The system is tested on standard experiments of pinch grip, and its integration into a robotic system is discussed. Moreover, a contact force control using the tactile force sensor as feedback over an anthropomorphic finger is presented.


This paper proposes a dual-rotor hybrid synchronous motor as a solution for starter-alternator applications on vehicles. The motor duty performance is only presented. The analysis includes both experimental tests and FEM-based simulations. The results put in view some important advantages that recommend this solution as a promising one.


A passive method for exploring a region below the surface of the earth comprises using a plurality of sensors to record ambient seismic interface waves in a frequency range whose lower limit is greater than 0Hz, and whose upper limit is less than or equal to substantially 1Hz. In one method each of the sensors is located in turn at a plurality of locations. The data are processed 41-44 to obtain a measure of the energy in a frequency band within the frequency range. In another method, data in at least one time sub-interval is selected for processing based on data quality. The energy measure may be calculated 44 by integrating the spectrum in the frequency domain over a desired frequency range. The resulting calculated energy provides information about the region of the earth being explored. The sensors may be sensitive to three orthogonal components. In another method, data recorded at a pair of locations is cross-correlated to derive wave dispersion data. In another method, recordings 40 may be made simultaneously by all sensors and normalisation of data is unnecessary.


Objective Discuss of high sensitive C reactive protein(Hs-CRP)and serum amylase(S-AMY),urine amylase(U-AMY)in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP)diagnostic value.Methods Testing of ABP group and non ABP group were Hs-CRP,S-AMY,U-AMYlevels in MR2000 Mautomatic biochemical analyzer,comparative analysis and simultaneous testing of the results in the control group were statistically.Results ABP group testing of Hs-CRP,S-AMY,U-AMY were significantly higher than those in non ABP group and the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01);non ABP group testing of S-AMY,U-AMY levels higher than the control group,no significant difference(P0.05),the testing of Hs-CRP level is higher than that of control group,with a statistically significant difference(P0.05);ABP group of three combined testing indexes,the positive rate and single testing positive rate,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05);group ABP with single testing positive rate and the non ABP group single comparison,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05);the non ABP group,the three combined testing indexes,the positive rate and the positive rate of single testing,no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Hs-CRP combined with S-AMY,U-AMY indexes are helpful to improve the positive rate of ABP,and provide laboratory evidence has the reference value for the differential diagnosis,assessment of severity of ABP,therapeutic effect and prognosis judgment.


Background Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, its associated disease, which has signi�cant economic, veterinary and medical importance. To determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in the brin tissues rats trapped from local markets in Gaza, Palestine using nested-PCR assay. Methods A total of 132 black rats (Rattus rattus) were analyzed. We used Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested-PCR). The present study showed that 86 out of 132 (65.2%) and 36 (27.3%) of the trapped rats were infected with T. gondii using B1 and SAG1 genes respectively. Results The results showed that males have higher infection with T. gondii than females with a signi�cant difference (P=0.02) when using B1 gene. In both B1 gene and SAG1 gene there was shared positive for 30 samples (22.7%). Conclusions This �nding indicated that Rattus rattus which is dominant in Gaza Strip could be a potential source of T. gondii for stray cats in the local markets and disseminating infection to the other parts of Gaza Strip. We recommend that Gaza municipality should take serious measures towards minimizing the number of roaming cats in the local markets of Gaza and other governorates, and changing policy towards the current site of Feras market.


Research undoubtedly plays a fundamental role in educational reform, especially when state-level policymakers are involved. Authoritative approval of public policy demands proof. It is the nature of legislative politics for legislators and governors to seek out research-based knowledge that supports a desired policy position. If teacher quality is a politically viable issue, a governor might garner research results that "prove" teacher quality is a public problem that demands immediate attention. If the "loyal opposition" disagrees with the governor, research will be assembled to "disprove" the notion that a teacher quality problem exists. Put simply, research provides ammunition for politicians to promote or to fight a proposed policy option. Whether they like it or not, educational researchers supply politicians sources of knowledge used for influence and persuasion. The link between policy and research is quite different from the tie that binds theory and research. Most educational research is based on the premise that theory results from a systematic and deliberate process in which the researcher proposes a hypothesis and attempts to disprove it. The canon of "disproof" occupies an exalted place in scientific inquiry. Policy research, on the other hand, usually seeks proof rather than disproof. Policymakers need immediate answers and do not often have the time or the resources to disprove all the options available


A revision and updating of charged particle reactions involving nuclei with A less than or approximately equal to 30, except for the $sup 2$H(d,$gamma$)$sup 4$He reaction whose reaction rate is very uncertain, is presented. Reactions involving neutrons are treated as neutron-producing reactions but factors for calculating the reverse reaction rate are provided for all reactions. The rates of the (n,$gamma$) reactions given previously have not been revised. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is assumed to hold for the relative velocities of the interacting particles. (40 references) (BJG)


The authors have added results relating to whether or not the participants had amblyopia. This is useful (but see below). There are more details about methodology. The results section is better structured and the discussion is less repetitive. Hence, most of my concerns have been addressed. However, I have a number of residual concerns which I believe the authors should consider. In particular the quality of the English in places is still well below par (In places, I could not understand the point that was being made). Points for further consideration:-There is still an issue with technical terms not being properly described. Since this journal is a general science journal, all technical terms (like the ones I mentioned in my original review) need to be clearly defined and explained. The authors have made some progress on this point but in my view, not enough. One example: Cronbach's alpha is still not well explained. Please state in words what this term means so that a general readership can understand. Later, the authors talk about values of 0.90 or greater having 'excellent internal consistency' versus say values of 0.70 or less which have 'questionable internal consistency' but they never state what they mean by internal consistency!-Methods (Patients). It is stated that both control groups were 'orthophoric'. Do the authors mean orthophoric or orthotropic? Finding 100 orthophoric individuals would be extremely difficult.-The terms 'patient' and 'participants' continue to be used interchangeably.-P-values continue to be missing in some cases. For example, in results (demographic characteristics, last sentence) it says .. " ..yet not is ASQE ". P-values are quoted earlier in the sentence for AS-20, so they should be reported also for ASQE. The same comment applies to the third sentence in the next section (Clinical features and HRQoL).-In the 4th sentence of Results (Clinical features and HRQoL), the words " ..than those without diplopia… " should be moved or deleted as the sentence does not make sense in its current form. Later in that sentence, " …except for the cosmetic subscale, p=0.021) ". I don't understand. If p=0.021 then isn't the cosmetic subscale ALSO showing a difference between participants with and with diplopia??. There continue to be many sentences like this which are difficult to follow so extensive proof reading is required.


This research aims to examine the effect of taxpayer awareness, level of understanding of taxpayers, tax environment and income level of taxpayers on compliance in paying Land and Building Taxes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kalasan District. This type of research is quantitative research using primary data sources obtained directly from respondents through questionnaires. The data analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression test. The results showed that: 1) Awareness has a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance in paying Land and Building Tax. 2) The level of understanding has a significant 3) The level of income has a possitif effect but not significant on taxpayer compliance in paying Land and Building Tax 4) Tax environment has a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance in paying Land and Building Tax.5) Simultaneously awareness, level of understanding, income level of taxpayers and tax environment affect compliance in paying Land and Building Tax 5)Based on the results of the R2 test, it is known that the Adjusted R Square value is 0.35 so that the contribution between taxpayer awareness, taxpayer understanding level, taxpayer income level and tax environment is 35% so that the remaining 65% is influenced by other factors outside of this research


Battery capacity is the stored electrical energy in a battery. It is a major characteristic of batteries which cannot be predetermined with certainty, because there is variation between cells and tests of this variable are destructive. However, battery ..


The utility model provides a plastic bowl thermal forming knife edge mould. The mould comprises a stretching mechanism, a scavenger system, a die, a punching shear mechanism and an ejection mechanism, wherein a sheet is fixed in the die, formed through the stretching mechanism and the scavenger system, and sheared by the punching shear mechanism after forming, and finally, the ejection mechanism ejects out the product. According to he plastic bowl thermal forming knife edge mould provided by the utility model, a cutting knife adopts a sharp steel cutting knife, the required shear force for shearing the sheet is smaller, the vibration of a mould is reduced, the forming precision of the products is improved, a plurality of small gaps are arranged on the cutting knife, the product is connected with the sheet after shearing, the sheet and the product are sent out of the mould, and are separated and piled outside the mould. The mould is utilized to shear the product after forming, the processing and installation accuracy requirement of the mould is lower, the attrition of the upper and lower scissor ports is reduced, and even if the upper and lower scissor ports are abraded, the cutting knife can be removed, ground or replaced.


Objective To study the chemical constituents of Smilax china.Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS chromatography,and semi-preparative HPLC.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses.Results Seven flavonoids and four stilbenes were isolated and identified as dihydrokaempferol-5-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ),engeletin (Ⅱ),isoengeletin(Ⅲ),dihydroquercetin-3-O-glycoside(Ⅳ),3,5,7,3',5'-pentahydroxy-flavanonol (Ⅴ),astilbin(Ⅵ),quercetin-3'-Oglycoside(Ⅶ),piceid(Ⅷ),scirpusin A(Ⅸ),resveratrol(Ⅹ),and oxyresveratrol(Ⅺ).Conclusion CompoundsⅣ—Ⅸare isolated from this plant for the first time,among which the ~(13)C-NMR data of compoundⅨis reported firstly.


ABSTRACT Treatment options for cancer-related anaemia are mainly erythropoietic protein therapies, with adjunctive iron where necessary, or blood transfusions. Erythropoietic proteins (epoetins) are often perceived to be expensive, while blood may be seen as effectively free. This article challenges these assumptions, and compares the cost-effectiveness of the two treatments. Transfusions are associated with significant costs (including hospital care and safety tests). They are also inconvenient, are associated with several risks, and are becoming more expensive as safety tests become more sophisticated. In addition, the blood supply is increasingly limited. In contrast, costs of epoetin treatment mostly relate to the acquisition costs of the drugs, with the convenience and ease of delivery minimising administration costs. Clinical studies show that treatment of cancer-related anaemia with epoetins is significantly more effective than transfusions in terms of haemoglobin (Hb) response and improvements in quality of life (QoL). Epoetins also do not have the risks that are associated with transfusions. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are sometimes used as endpoints in cost-effectiveness studies in cancer-associated anaemia, but are unsuitable for several reasons relating to applicability to the treatment needs of patients. For cost-effectiveness analyses, it is more appropriate to use endpoints that are clinically relevant to anaemia (e.g. Hb or QoL improvements), rather than QALYs. Using these endpoints, epoetins exhibit significantly greater cost-effectiveness when compared with standard care (transfusions as required) in the treatment of cancer-related anaemia. Epoetins can therefore be recommended as the optimal anaemia treatment, with transfusions being reserved for the emergency setting.


A locking apparatus for a chain type accessory is provided to be applied to a necklace, a bracelet, etc. to maintain a firm locking state and to enable a convenient locking release structure. A locking apparatus for a chain type accessory includes a latch(11), a connection key(14), a pushing key(12), a holding key(15), a spring(16) and a pin(13). The latch has a hook(11a) on one end and a hinge(11c) on the other end. Two both end hinges(11b) are disposed between the hook and the hinge, and a recess(11d) is formed between the hinge and the both end hinges. Two center hinges(12a) that are disposed between both end hinges are formed on the center of the pushing key. The key has a holding pin(15a) that is hung on the hook of the latch. The connection key includes a hinge pin(14a) that is inserted into the hinge of the latch.


It is considered that the effective  interaction between any two quarks of a baryon can be approximately described by a simple harmonic potential. The problem is firstly solved in Cartesian coordinates in order to find the energy levels irrespective of their angular momenta. Then, the problem is also solved in polar cylindrical coordinates in order to take into account the angular momenta of the levels. Comparing the two solutions, a correspondence is made between the angular momenta and parities for almost all experimentally determined levels. The agreement with the experimental data is quite impressive and, in general, the discrepancy between calculated and experimental values is below 5%. A couple of levels of , , , and present discrepacies between 6.7% and 12.5% ( , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ). Received:  6 June 2011,  Accepted:  13 July 2011;  Edited by:  D. Restrepo;  Reviewed by:  J. H. Munoz, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Colombia and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisica ;  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.030003 Cite as: M. E. de Souza, Papers in Physics 3, 030003 (2011)


Abstract When families, schools, and communities are unable, through traditional means, to 'modify' habitual, intractible patterns of moral misbehaviour among children and adolescents, these children are often referred to residential treatment. At The Berkeley Academy we have developed principles, policies and practices of intervention which not only address effectively these patterns of moral misbehaviour, but also address the underlying moral disorder, thus helping the child to restructure the way she thinks, feels, and behaves in school, in families and in the community. In this paper we briefly sketch the three most common patterns of moral misbehaviour which we have observed over the past ten years, discuss the underlying disorder, and describe an approach to education and treatment which has been successful with nearly 80 per cent of the girls in our programme, who are among the most seriously emotionally disturbed girls in Northern California.


Operational and research hydrologic communities rely on a single model to predict streamflow. Yet, relying on a single model, which most likely does not adequately represents all the physical processes of the catchment, results in unreliable predictions. Recently there has been a movement towards producing consensus prediction by using probabilistic multi-model combination techniques such as Bayesian Model Averaging, BMA, (Hoeting et al., 1999, Fernandez, et al., 2001; Raftery et al., 2003). These Bayesian model combination approaches exploit the existing model structures and combine the model predictions based on their past performance.


SynopsisPercent lignin was negatively correlated with temperature for Latar orchardgrass but not for Manchar smooth bromegrass. Percent lignin showed no correlation with daylength for either grass. Protein percent showed a significant negative correlation with daylength. Total leaf production was highest for both grasses at 85° F. or under the 14-hour daylength.


Abstract : The Turkish officer corps has developed into a professional body of personnel with a high degree of autonomy. Turkey's participation in NATO and the U.S. military assistance it received over the course of almost fifty years are key contributing factors to the modernization of the force. However, contrary to Samuel P. Huntington's proposition that maximizing military professionalism leads to objective civilian control of the military, the Turkish officer corps is not under civilian control and continues to play a major role in domestic politics. The reason why the military is not under civilian control is that its definition of military professionalism differs from hat normally attributed to Western militaries. The officer corps regards itself as the guardian of the ideology of Kemalism, named after Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey. Rather than focusing exclusively on national defense, military officers are indoctrinated in and become occupied with the preservation of Kemalism against internal threats such as political Islam and Kurdish separatism.


The poems of Tao Yuaming have alreday been referred to as a Chinese literature that influenced Yamanoue-no Okura's poems. Every one of the poems, however, is not closely related to each other. And scholars of Chinese literature have denied their relation. On the other hand, Y amanoue-no Okura's poems have surprising similarity to those of Wang Fanzhi, who was a layman poet in the days of Sui and early Tang. The words they have in common are: 貧窮(poverty),金(gold),里長(avillage officer),竃(afurnace) , 石塩(halite),楚(arod), which are not seen in any other part of Man'yoshu;死(death,appearing 46 times),子(children,お times), 妻子(wifeand children, 10 times),老(oldage), 病(illness). In total they amount to 50. Here are some of Okura's poems that have close meanings to Wang Fanzhi's:


The luminescent emission related to the structural reconstruction of the porous silicon surface under dry oxygen atmosphere annealing was investigated by cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope. The evolution of the emission bands at 420-480 nm, 590 nm and 640 nm as a function of the annealing treatments is discussed on the basis of present model of surface recombination in porous silicon.


Tenderness has been identified as the single most important palatability factor affecting consumer satisfaction of beef meat. A couple of recent methods to activate calpain-induced tenderization has been the oral supplementation of vitamin D3 or its metabolites. To improve understanding of the regulation of calpain protease system in muscle, the effects of 1,25-Dihydroxy colecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2 D3) on calpain protease enzymes were studied using Sol 8 cell line. In criteria of cell number and proliferation, a concentration of 100 nM 1,25-(OH)2 D3 most inhibited the myogenic differentiation of Sol 8 cells. 1,25-(OH)2 D3 increased mRNA gene expressions of u-calpain while that of m-calpain and calpastatin showed (p < 0.05) the opposite expression pattern. The amount of u-calapin and m-calpain protein were the highest (p < 0.01) at 4h and 2h incubation with 1,25-(OH)2 D3, respectively, whereas calapstatin level was significantly decreased. There was no changes in calcium uptake into inner cells by 100 nM 1,25-(OH)2 D3 in spite of significant (p < 0.05) up-regulation in vitamin D receptor gene expression. The results indicated that the calpain protease system of Sol 8 cell was greatly influenced by 1,25-(OH)2 D3 without alteration of calcium concentration of inner cell. Therefore, the role of vitamin D receptor remains to be further elucidated later. Additional key words: 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol, Sol 8 cell, calpain, vitamin D receptor


The article discusses the development of exhaust silencer systems and the problems caused by increasing petrol and diesel engine power outputs. Mention is made of legislation to reduce engine and exhaust noise and of emission control requirement. Research methods used to establish an analytical approach to exhaust silencer system design are described. /TRRL/


It is well known that blood testosterone level declines during the course of male aging (Feldman et al., 2002; Harman et al., 2001), a phenomena that is associated with the decreases in bone density, muscle mass and strength, sexual function and other physiological parameters (Kaufman & Vermeulen, 2005; Matsumoto, 2002; Vermeulen, 2000). Previous studies reported that serum testosterone concentrations were lower in the male patients with Alzheimer's disease in comparison to non-demented and age-matched men (Hogervorst et al., 2001; Moffat et al., 2004). Further studies observed that supplementation with testosterone in rats reduced ┚-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylation of τ-protein, two biomarkers of the disease (Gouras et al., 2000; Papasozomenos & Shanavas, 2002; Ramsden et al., 2003). The studies suggest that low blood testosterone is a possible risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (Rosario & Pike, 2008). The decline in blood testosterone is a progressive process in male aging. Several longitudinal studies on the blood testosterone of aging males indicated that the incidence of hypogonadism increased with age (Feldman et al., 2002; Harman et al., 2001). In addition, many pathological and stressrelated factors may accelerate this process. Therefore, delaying the decline in blood testosterone is clinically significant for the health of aging males suffering from hypogonadism. For delaying the decline in testosterone, understanding the mechanisms responsible for the decline is important. The studies in the last decades reported multiple factors and alterations in aging process that affect the levels of blood testosterone (Wang & Stocco, 2005). The studies further indicated that the primary reason for the decline is the decrease in testosterone biosynthesis during male aging (Chen et al., 1994). Testosterone is principally synthesized in testicular Leydig cells from the substrate cholesterol and released into the blood circulation (Miller, 1988). The rate-limiting step in testosterone biosynthesis is the transfer of cholesterol to the mitochondrial inner membrane to initiate the steroidogenic process in Leydig cells (Stocco & Clark, 1996). This step is regulated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, a critical factor in steroid hormone biosynthesis that controls the cholesterol transfer to the mitochondrial inner membrane (Clark et al., 1994; Lin et al., 1995; Wang et al., 1998). However, StAR protein also declines in Leydig cell aging and


Purpose – This study aims to present a new web page recommendation system that can help users to reduce navigational time on the internet.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed design is based on the primacy effect of browsing behavior, that users prefer top ranking items in search results. This approach is intuitive and requires no training data at all.Findings – A user study showed that users are more satisfied with the proposed search methods than with general search engines using hot keywords. Moreover, two performance measures confirmed that the proposed search methods out‐perform other metasearch and search engines.Research limitations/implications – The research has limitations and future work is planned along several directions. First, the search methods implemented are primarily based on the keyword match between the contents of web pages and the user query items. Using the semantic web to recommend concepts and items relevant to the user query might be very helpful in finding the exact conte...


To account for the experimental fact that the ionization of a gas exposed to $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays or cosmic rays is not proportional to the pressure, but approaches a limiting value for pressures of about 140 atmospheres, the hypothesis is suggested that at these high pressures the initially formed ions may remain so close together that they frequently reunite under their mutual electrostatic attractions. The probability is calculated for the ions to become separated by diffusion, and formulas are thus obtained for the saturation ionization current as a function of pressure. The most satisfactory formula is based upon an arbitrary but reasonable assumption regarding the ranges of the secondary electrons ejected by ionizing beta particles. Knowing the variation of ionization with pressure, this diffusion theory predicts a definite variation of ionization with temperature. Such a temperature variation is experimentally discovered and is in good accord with the theoretical prediction. The temperature coefficient is negligible for pressures less than 10 atmospheres, but at pressures over 100 atmospheres the ionization approaches proportionality to the absolute temperature.


Major efforts in space optics have inspired research in high performance, low cost, very lightweight reflective telescope systems in which Cassegrain system is widely used. Silicon carbide which has unique combination of attributes is used as the primary mirror material in this paper. According to the design requirement and processing technique of the mirror, and analyzing the effect of the sector, the triangle and the hexagon cell structures on the static and dynamic properties of the mirror, the triangle cell structure which has the best combination property is selected as the original scheme. Finite element method is used to build the parameterization model for the optimum structural design. The structure parameters such as thickness of the mirror and the faceplate which have more effect on the mass of the mirror and the maximum deformation of the mirror surface are selected as the design variables. After the optimization, a 256 mm diameter mirror with 24.5 mm thickness and 1.22 kg weight is gained. The lightweight ratio of the mirror is about 52.5 %, and the wavefront error (WFE) is satisfactory with the design requirements


We cloned here a full‐length cDNA of Dem26[ Tian et al. (1999)Mol. Brain Res., 72, 147–157], a member of the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family from the rat brain. We originally named the corresponding protein synaptic LDL receptor‐related protein (synLRP) [ Tian et al. (2002) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 28, 405] and have renamed it LRP4 to accord it systematic nomenclature (GenBankTM accession no. AB073317). LRP4 protein interacted with postsynaptic scaffold proteins such as postsynaptic density (PSD)‐95 via its C‐terminal tail sequence, and associated with N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA)‐type glutamate receptor subunit. The mRNA of LRP4 was localized to dendrites, as well as somas, of neuronal cells, and the full‐length protein of 250 kDa was highly concentrated in the brain and localized to various subcellular compartments in the brain, including synaptic fractions. Immunocytochemical study using cultured cortical neurons suggested surface localization in the neuronal cells both in somas and dendrites. Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylated the C‐terminal cytoplasmic region of LRP4 at Ser1887 and Ser1900, and the phosphorylation at the latter site suppressed the interaction of the protein with PSD‐95 and synapse‐associated protein 97 (SAP97). These findings suggest a postsynaptic role for LRP4, a putative endocytic multiligand receptor, and a mechanism in which CaMKII regulates PDZ‐dependent protein–protein interactions and receptor dynamics.


cells harvested from cultures containing butan-l-ol and ethanol was examined by following the reduction of NAD+ by the method of Vallee & Hoch (1955). The activity of the enzyme preparation was examined with respect to the following primary and secondary alcohols: ethanol, propan-l-ol, propan2-ol, butan-l-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2-methylbutanl-ol and 3-methylbutan1-ol. Results obtained indicate that the alcohol dehydrogenase of C. acetobutylicum is non-specific with regard to substrate. The synthesis of 2-methylpropan-l-ol, propan-l-ol and any of the abovementioned alcohols is therefore possible on provision of a suitable precursor. Further studies on the properties of this enzyme preparation are in progress.


We consider the mixed problem for a one-dimensional (with respect to the spatial variable) second-order parabolic system with Dini-continuous coefficients in a domain with nonsmooth lateral boundaries. Using the method of boundary integral equations, we find a classical solution of this problem. We investigate the smoothness of solution as well.


Background The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) are lipid mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Pharmacological studies using CysLTs indicate that two classes of receptors, named CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptor, exist. The former is sensitive to the CysLT1 antagonist currently used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. Recently, the cDNA for human CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptor have been cloned, making it now possible to study the gene expression of CysLTs receptors.


We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of the X–ray transient XTE J1859+226, obtained during outburst and its subsequent decay to quiescence. Both the X–ray and optical properties are very similar to those of well–studied black hole soft X–ray transients. We have detected 3 minioutbursts, when XTE J1859+226 was approaching quiescence, as has been previously detected in the Soft X–Ray Transients GRO J0422+32 and GRS 1009–45. By 24 Aug 2000 the system had reached quiescence with R=22.48±0.07. The estimated distance to the source is ∼11 kpc. Photometry taken during quiescence shows a sinusoidal modulation with a peak to peak amplitude of about 0.4 mag. A period analysis suggests that periods from 0.28 to 0.47 days are equally possible at the 68% confidence level. The amplitude of the quiescent light curve and the relatively low ratio of X–ray to optical flux, indicates that the binary inclination should be high. The measured colours during the outburst allows us to obtain the basic properties of the disc, which agrees well with irradiated disc model predictions.


Recent progress of semiconductor power devices has shifted our interests on pulsed-power energy driver from a huge energetic system to a high-average-power compact generator. Intense extreme ultraviolet radiation sources have been developed using those devices. It is considered that they can be the light sources for microscopy and the next generation microlithography. A trend and a prospect for the pulse powered radiation sources are briefly described.


Optimization of energy use is an important concept in providing solutions to lots of the energy challenges in our world nowadays. Large hydraulic, mechanical, chemical, electrical and pneumatic systems require energy efficiency as one of the significant aspects of operating systems. This paper presents a smart home energy management system (SHEMS) with distributed generations, energy storages and smart domestic appliances, as well as its typical structures. According to the power consumption characteristics of household appliances and the users' dependence, the residential loads are classified into four types. An optimization strategy of SHEMS is proposed to minimize customer electricity expenditure and maximize demand satisfaction simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can make users of smart home have a comfortable and economical life.


The oral storytelling traditions of indigenous, tribal and Adivasi societies in India established and sustained fundamental relationships extending from the village communities towards the local geography, the natural environment and between each other. The narratives, transmitted from generation to generation, were a tool to understand individual and collective impact that reaffirmed responsibility towards the protection of environment and community. At the same time, the stories were infinitely creative and they made for easy entertainment on those long dark nights in the rural homestead. More recently, unprecedented exposure to the modern world introduced the village society to new products and values, and it expanded the requirement for income generation. This primary force for younger people from these communities to seek Government employment and business opportunities neglects economically marginalized local artistic practices. My study of how the medium of animated film could be used to reengage younger people from these communities in their existing cultural practices further highlighted the function of collaborative film-making as a method to decolonize indigenous research and reconnect to foundational values.


Quality is an important dimension of marketing performance which is receiving an increasing amount of attention. Three articles published recently address this topic in different yet complimentary approaches. In the first Ansoff [1] argues that product quality decisions in many high technology companies are inappropriate to the markets which they serve. The second by Shetty [2], argues that the quality of products or services in its broadest context is an important but neglected dimension of marketing planning. In the third article, Shostack [3] suggests a methodology for analysing and improving the quality of services rather than products.


1 Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J et al. Cardiovascular health study collaborative research group: frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56: M146–M156. 2 Satake S, Shimada H, Yamada M et al. Prevalence of frailty among community-dwellers and outpatients in Japan as defined by the Japanese version of the cardiovascular health study criteria. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2629–2634. 3 Makizako H, Shimada H, Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Suzuki T. Impact of physical frailty on disability in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e008462. 4 Kitamura A, Shinkai S, Taniguchi Y et al. Impact of frailty and metabolic syndrome on the incidence of loss of independence in communitydwelling older Japanese: the Kusatsu-town study. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2017; 64: 593–606. 5 Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15: 95–101. 6 Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P et al. Asian working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21: 300–307 e2.


Objective:To determine the serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)level in patients with gastric carcinoma and elucidate the relation of its levels with the differenciation and prognosis in gastric carcinoma.Methods :Sixty-six patients with gastric carcinoma and20healthy control subjects were included in this study.The serum VEGF level was measured with the methods of ELISA.Results:The serum VEGF level in gastric carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that of health controls(P0.001).The serum VEGF level in the groups of stageⅢ-Ⅳwas significantly higher than that of stageⅠ-Ⅱgroups(P0.001).The serum VEGF level in patients with metastasis was significantly higher than that in patients without metastasis(P0.001).Conclusion:VEGF plays an important role in the growth and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.


The Peaceman–Rachford ADI technique is a well-known iterative method for solving large systems of linear equations arising from finite difference methods of solution of partial differntial equations. The present note demonstrates how the algorithm can be conveniently rearranged for computation in a virtual storage system with paging. Timing results are given for a sample problem typical of those encountered in nuclear diffusion computation.


MgO/NiO catalyst samples with varying NiO loading (5, 10, 20 and 40 wt%) were prepared by mechanical mixing followed by annealing at 800 °C for 1.5 hours. The grain size and crystallinity of the catalyst samples were determined using X-ray powder diffraction. The triplet (ortho) state of positronium (o-Ps) has been used to characterize the nanostructure (nano-dimensional open spaces) and surface chemical characteristics of the grains. The availability of these vacant spaces as well as the surface characteristics of grains are crucial for the catalytic activity of a catalyst. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements showed two o-Ps lifetime components (τ3 and τ4) in both pure MgO as well as NiO powders indicating the presence of two types of open spaces. In the case of the catalyst samples, o-Ps component, τ3, is observed to disappear most probably due to spin-conversion of o-Ps in the presence of paramagnetic Ni2+ at MgO grain surfaces in the form of a NiO/MgO solid solution layer. This phenomenon has been confirmed by measuring positron age dependent line shape S(t)-parameter using the positron age momentum correlation (AMOC) technique. The study indicates the presence of a NiO/MgO solid solution layer on the surface of MgO grains along with other nanostructural changes as a result of mechanical mixing followed by the annealing process.


The objective of the study was to determine the profitability and employment-generation potential of different cropping systems involving menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) as a component of sequential/intercropping in comparison with the most common paddy–wheat–green gram cropping system. Field experiments were conducted at Lucknow, India (26° 5′ N, 80° 5′ E and 120 m above mean sea level) for three years from July 2004 to June 2007. Menthol mint yielded the maximum fresh shoot biomass and essential oil (21.0 t and 151 kg ha−1, respectively) grown after sweet basil (Ocimum basillicum)–potato followed by paddy–potato–menthol mint (18.9 t and 136 kg ha−1, respectively) and maize–mustard–menthol mint (17.7 t and 131 kg ha−1, respectively). Net returns of all the menthol-mint-based cropping systems were 82.6–354% higher than traditional paddy–wheat–green gram cropping system. Maize–garlic–menthol mint + okra was found to be most profitable (77,200 Rs ha−1) followed by pigeon pea + sweet basil–menthol mint + okra (76,120 Rs ha−1). Employment-generation efficiency was much higher in cropping systems involving menthol mint and vegetable crops, the highest (2.21 man days ha−1 day−1) being in a maize–cauliflower–onion–menthol mint + okra cropping system.


Objective: To find different causes of acute limb ischemia and it's in hospital outcomes. Methodology: This was descriptive cross sectional study performed in Cardiovascular Unit of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Data was collected for a period of one year from 1 September 2014 to 31 August 2015. Sampling technique was non probability consecutive. Acute limb ischemia was defined as, sudden and severe pain in limb with bluish discoloration or gangrenous changes in affected limb with or without absent pulses, depending upon the site of ischemia within two weeks of symptoms onset and Doppler ultrasound evidence of absent flow in any artery. Results: About 200 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the study population was 48.3±18.8 years. Male patients were 96 (48 %). Mitral stenosis (MS) was found to be the most common cause responsible for acute limb ischemia, due to peripheral thrombo embolism (37.5 %). Other causes were PVD (18.5 %), CCF either with or without AF (10 %), isolated AF (4 %) and other causes were 26.5 %. Regarding in hospital outcome, amputation was done in 26.5%of patients and mortality was 7.5 %. Conclusion: Acute limb ischemia is multifactorial in nature associated with higher in hospital mortality and limb amputation. Mitral stenosis and AF is the most common cause leading to this condition. Key Words: Atrial Fibrillation, Mitral Stenosis, Peripheral Vascular Disease


A forefront computational issue in the combustion of liquid fuels concerns the treatment of many vaporizing, burning fuel droplets. The analysis of many vaporizing liquid-fuel surfaces in close proximity to each other and enveloped by flames has recently been examined. A brief review will be given here. New methods allow the treatment of complex quasi-steady spray-combustion configurations with greater ease than previously possible. Examples of configurations include hundreds of fuel droplets, liquid-fuel wall films and pools, and liquid-fuel free films. Analyses are presented for liquid-fuel vaporization and burning both with unitary and non-unitary Lewis number (i.e., similar and non-similar heat and mass diffusion) in a general geometrical situation, e.g., a dense spray. Variable transport properties are considered and only Stefan flow is allowed. It is shown that the problem can conveniently be separated, using a mass-flux potential function (dependent only on the geometry), into a one-dimensional problem for the quasi-steady, gas-phase scalar properties and a threedimensional problem for the mass-flux potential which satisfies Laplace's equation. The scalar properties are shown to be universal (i.e., independent of configuration) functions of the mass-flux potential only. It is demonstrated that a mass-flux-weighted sensible specific enthalpy is more natural and convenient than the traditional mass-weighted value for the non-unitary-Lewis-number case. This modification results in a new definition of the Lewis number. A generalization of the classical Spalding heat transfer number is presented. The theory predicts scalar gas-phase profiles, flame position, and vaporization rates. Quantitative results are presented for special cases where the Lewis number is piecewise constant. The thin-flame temperature and the effective latent heat of vaporization can be determined as functions of the liquid-surface temperature via solution of nonlinear algebraic equations; these values do not depend on the specific configuration and therefore have some universality.


The maintenance and structure of business model of indicators of the versatile company are considered. On the basis of model of logistic orders on operational level methods of calculation financial and not financial indicators are described, that's necessary for the decision at various levels of management of corporate logistics.


The far-infrared spectra (180–45 cm.–1) of solutions of vanadium and titanium tetrachlorides in carbon tetrachloride have been measured, the vibrational assignments discussed, and the thermodynamic functions calculated. The values of the functions for vanadium tetrachloride, which include the heat and free-energy of formation, are tabulated for 298·15–1500° K.


Summary One of the limitations of anti-oppressive perspectives (AOPs) in social work is its lack of focus at a micro and individual level. AOPs should entail the social worker's addressing the needs and assets of service users, challenging the oppressive social structure and, most importantly, critically challenging the power dynamics in the service-provider/ service-user relationship. Critical consciousness challenges social workers to be cognizant of power differentials and how these differentials may inadvertently make social-work practice an oppressive experience. The authors contend that critical consciousness fills in some of the gaps of AOPs, and argue for a fuller integration of critical consciousness into teaching and practice of AOPs. The methods to work toward critical consciousness, such as inter-group dialogues, agent–target distinctions and empowerment, are detailed.


This study investigates the role of two intermediaries, a mainstream media outlet and a popular digital media platform, to shape cultural identity through a case study of the 2019-2020 Australian bushfire crisis (colloquially known as the 'Black Summer'). Theoretically framed by networked publics, this study explores the vernacular creativity of social media users and mainstream media coverage during the Black Summer bushfire crisis. Findings draw on a thematic analysis of 100 news articles published between September 2019 and January 2020 by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) randomly selected from a larger corpus of bushfire coverage (n = 1269) and 120 TikTok videos posted between November 2019 and January 2021 that included prominent hashtags associated with the bushfires. Findings from news coverage highlight the ways in which the ABC framed the role of social media to connect with wider audiences while preserving their values as a public service media outlet. Findings from TikTok videos illustrate the role of 'templates' that encourage user participation and vernacular creativity on the platform. Comparing coverage of the bushfires on the ABC and TikTok revealed a shared set of striking visual elements used to shape cultural identity, communicate information, and make sense of a significant public crisis. This article offers directions for future research to explore the relationships and tensions between digital content creators and journalists and their capacity to create and contest cultural identities and imaginaries.


The virescence and administration of communities should show the concept of "people oriented",consider the residents′ living and recreational requirements to the maximum,and embody compatibility in the virescence of the communities;it should be more scientific and reasonable in the design so as to achieve the combination of arbors,frutex,rattans,grass and flowers,and achieve the three-dimensional arrangement of highness,moderateness and lowness;it should be more effective in the protecting methods and it should strengthen the guarding,patrolling,defending and cleaning of plants;it should be more practical in the operating mechanisms,in which the "virescence rate" should be guaranteed,and the species,number,the size of plants,the proportion of the size of grass and trees should be regulated so as to assure that the virescence will not shrink.


The molecular motion of guest molecules in Cd(mtn)Ni(CN)4•0.5G clathrates (mtn = N-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane, G = toluene, nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, and chloroform) were studied by using CP/MAS 13C and 2H NMR techniques. At room temperature, application of 13C CP/MAS NMR with dipolar dephasing showed the presence of large amplitude molecular motion in all cases. Temperature dependent 2H NMR spectra for the toluene-d8 clathrate shows that the methyl group rotated at all temperatures down to 77 K. Also, a 2-site in-plane reorientation process of the entire molecule is activated above 180 K, which goes over into axially symmetric in-plane rotation around 450 K. Severely restricted motions were also observed for the nitrobenzene and haloalkane guests. The rather complicated dynamic behaviour of the guest molecules at low and room temperatures can be attributed to the presence of static disorders which disappear at higher temperatures due to time averaging.


The sulfur crosslinking films from Natural Rubber (NR), Carboxylated Stryrene Butadiene Rubber (XSBR) latices, and their blends have been investigated using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). The film was prepared by casting the latex compound on glass surface and heating at 120oC in a hot air oven for 10 minutes. The sulfur crosslinking density were studied by the XANES. This was done to provide the local geometry and electronic environment of sulfur bonding in the rubber networks. We found that the reversion takes place before the onset of oxidative processes at the sulfur bridges. Parallel to the oxidative processes, the production of cyclic sulfanes takes places. This relationship depends on the rubber compositions.


Abstract This review article explores the state of DNA barcoding of macroalgae in the Mediterranean Sea. Data from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) were utilised in conjunction with a thorough bibliographic review. Our findings indicate that from around 1124 records of algae in the Mediterranean Sea, only 114 species have been barcoded. We thus conclude that there are insufficient macroalgal genetic data from the Mediterranean and that this area would greatly benefit from studies involving DNA barcoding. Such research would contribute to resolving numerous questions about macroalgal systematics in the area and address queries related to biogeography, especially those concerned with non-indigenous species. It could also possibly result in the development and application of better, cost-effective biodiversity monitoring programmes emanating from UN conventions and EU Directives. One possible way of achieving this is to construct DNA libraries via sequencing and barcoding, subsequently enabling better cost-effective biodiversity monitoring through environmental DNA metabarcoding.


Provided is a photoelectric type pulse wave sensor, comprising a substrate (11), a protruding structure, a light transmission column (13), a measurement light source (14), and a photoelectric detector (15). The protruding structure is disposed on the substrate (11), and is provided with a through hole perpendicular to the substrate. The measurement light source (14) and the photoelectric detector (15) are disposed in parallel on the substrate surface right below the through hole. The shape and the size of the light transmission column (13) match those of the through hole, and the light transmission column (13) is fixed in the through hole. Also provided is a detection device, comprising the photoelectric type pulse wave sensor.


This paper describes our system submission for SemEval-2023 Task 12 AfriSenti-SemEval: Sentiment Analysis for African Languages. We propose an XGBoost-based ensemble model trained on emoticon frequency-based features and the predictions of several statistical models such as SVMs, Logistic Regression, Random Forests, and BERT-based pre-trained language models such as AfriBERTa and AfroXLMR. We also report results from additional experiments not in the system. Our system achieves a mixed bag of results, achieving a best rank of 7th in three of the languages - Igbo, Twi, and Yoruba.


Islamism has become one of the most prominent objects of study in politics and International Relations in the last thirty years. Similarly, this phenomenon has attracted the attention of the international press and the general public in the Western world. Nevertheless, the image that has been configured about Islamism, as well as about Islam, seems to be based on generalizations and stigma. This document offers an approximation to the topic by exploring the characteristics of some of the most representative Islamist movements as well as exposing the political and social contexts in which these groups have originated and developed. The analysis of these organizations also focuses on the role that they play in the current international arena.


We have proposed a new thin-film transistor (TFT) structure in which the activation temperature of implanted dopants in source/drain regions can be reduced to 475 °C. The structure has Ge layers on the source and drain regions; the Ge layers have a role in reducing the activation temperature. The proposed TFTs have shown good drain current–voltage characteristics even though the implanted dopant activation in the source/drain regions has been carried out at 475 °C.