In the discourse on innovation policy, there are two major approaches to the measures used, supply-side instruments and the demand-side. Previously supply-side policy instruments (e.g. R&D subsidies, tax breaks, grants) dominated but the approach has been transformed substantially during the last decade.


The synchronous occurrence of primary squamous cell carcinoma of base of tongue with gastric adenocarcinoma is very rare. We report a case of 50 year old male patient presented to ENT OPD with complaints of throat pain, painful swallowing since 1month. Indirect laryngoscopy showed ulceroproliferative growth in Base of tongue, vallecula and epiglottis. Upper GI endoscopy showed ulceroproloferative lesion involving base of tongue, left epiglottis and vallecula. Endoscopic Biopsy from the growth revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue and adeno carcinoma of the stomach. We report this case to highlight a rare occurrence of synchronous malignancy of posterior tongue and stomach.


277 Understanding Multiple Stakeholders' Perspectives on Quality Pre-K This session presents the results of a study that examined multiple stakeholders' perspectives of quality Pre-K highlighting similarities and differences in groups and providing a more holistic understanding of quality. Marla H Mallette, Stacy Thompson, Asma Khan, Whitney Stewart and Lindsay DuBois, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Discussant: Kami Patrizio, Virginia Tech University


Excretion of renin into urine was studied using specific assay methods in normal subjects and hospital patients. Urinary renin output and renal clearance of renin varied widely among normal subjects but remained similar over months in any one subject. Renin clearance was significantly less in normal males (range 12 to 893 ml/24 hours) than females (79 to 3,149 ml/24 hours), but no reason for this was established. In normal subjects renin excretion did not show a diurnal variation and was not directly dependent upon creatinine clearance, protein clearance, plasma renin levels, or sodium or water output. Fivefold elevations in plasma renin level induced by natriuretic therapy increased renin excretion twofold and caused renin clearance to fall to 43% of control without a change in creatinine clearance. Total protein excretion did not change with this elevation in plasma renin level. Excess renin excretion did not occur in patients with proteinuria unless plasma levels were grossly elevated. The findings suggest that renin is filtered and selectively reabsorbed. No diagnostic application is apparent.


Periodic impulses in vibration signals and its repeating frequency are the key indicators for diagnosing the localized damage of rolling element bearings. Traditional envelope spectrum is effective in fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings, but it needs optimization of filter parameters which is complicated. A new method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and envelope spectral analysis is proposed to extract the characteristic frequency of bearing element fault. The signal is firstly decomposed into mono-components by means of EEMD, then the obtained first intrinsic mode function is analyzed by means of envelope spectrum to identify the repeating frequency of fault induced periodic impulses and thereby to diagnose bearing faults. Its effectiveness in extracting the characteristic frequency of bearing faults, and especially its performance in identifying the symptoms of weak faults, are validated by the experimental signal analyses of seeded fault experiments.


In order to explore the hydraulic characteristics of pumps in pressure drainage system under different working conditions, Flowmaster, a one-dimensional system simulation software, was used to analyze the flow head and pipeline velocity changes of pressure drainage system within 100 seconds of pump start-up and shutdown, and to further verify the rationality of the model of pressure drainage system pumps, providing a theoretical basis for similar engineering design.


We here report an alternatively spliced form of PARP lacking exon 5 of the Drosophila PARP gene encoding the auto-modification domain. The alternative form of PARP (PARP II) consists 804 amino acids with a molecular weight of 92.3 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of PARP II was completely matched to that of PARP I encoded by a full-length Drosophila PARP cDNA, except it lacks the region corresponding to the auto-modification domain. To examine the function of PARP II, stable transformants of Rat-1 cells in which PARP II was ectopically expressed by MMTV-LTR were isolated and characterized. After induction with dexamethasone, PARP II transformants showed slower growth and showed morphological changes with loss of spindled shape compared to cells transformed with the vector or PARP I. The PARP II-transformed cells incorporated propidium iodide after induction; however, Annexin V and TUNEL analysis indicated these changes were not due to apoptosis.


To extend the application of the late waves of the event-related potentials (ERPs) to multiple modalities, devices and software the underlying physiological mechanisms and responses of the brain for a particular sensory system and mental function must be carefully examined. The objective of this study was aimed to study the sensory processes of the "human-computer interaction" model when classifying visual images with an incomplete set of signs based on the analysis of early, middle, late and slow ERPs components. 26 healthy subjects (men) aged 20–26 years were investigated. ERPs in 19 monopolar sites according to the 10/20 system were recorded. Discriminant and factor analyzes (BMDP Statistical Software) were applied. The component N450 is the most specialized indicator of the perception of unrecognizable (oddball) visual images. The amplitude of the ultra-late components N750 and N900 is also higher under conditions of presentation of the oddball image, regardless of the location of the registration points. In brain pathology along with the pronounced asymmetry of the wave distribution, reduction of the N150 wave and lengthening of its peak latency, a line of regularities were noted. These include–a pronounced reduction in peak latency P250 and N350, an increased amplitude of N350 in the frontal and central points of registration, a decrease in the amplitude of N450 in the left frontal cortex and its increase in the occipital registration points, activation of the occipital cortex at a time interval of 400–500 ms, as well as fusion later waves. We called such phenomena of the development of cognitive ERP in brain pathology "the incongruence of ERP components". The results of the research are discussed in the light of the paradigm of the P300 wave application in brain-computer interface systems, as well as with the peculiarities in brain pathology.


Diesel particulate matter (DEP) pollution and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two key contributors to heart disease in modern cities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate contractile function, calcium signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in adult rat ventricular myocytes exposed to DEP (1 μM) and/or DM simulation media (HG, 25.5mM glucose) overnight. Ventricular myocytes were isolated from adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats and sarcomeric contractile properties were evaluated using an IonOptix Field‐Stimulator system, including: peak shortening normalized to baseline (PS), maximal velocities of shortening/relengthening (±dL/dt), time‐to‐90% peak (TPS90,), time‐to‐ 90% relengthening (TR90), change in fura fluorescence intensity (FFI) and fluorescence decay rate (tau). Intracellular ROS formation was assessed using dihydroethidium. We found that DEP exposure significantly decreased PS, ±dL/dt and increased time‐to‐ 90% relengthening (TR90), tau and intracellular ROS formation in diabetic‐like cells. Further studies indicated that antioxidant co‐culture (0.25 mM Tiron and 0.5 mM N‐Acetyl‐L‐cysteine) completely restored contractile function in DEP‐treated diabetic‐like myocytes. Our final data confirm that DEP exacerbates myocardial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyocytes, which is mediated by ROS production.


The purpose of a research project was to identify approaches for improving the use of evaluation data through better linking of state-level evaluation and planning. The first phase included a review of literature in education and related disciplines and a national survey to elicit information from 55 states and territories concerning evaluation and planning linkages; 43 states responded. Although no single organizational structure category of the 12 organizational structures identified appeared best to accommodate planning and evaluation linkages, a model with separate boards for secondary and postsecondary education and with formal planning procedures or committees represented a deliberate effort to make planning and evaluation a more visible and coordinated process. The second phase involved determination of suggested strategies for improving planning and evaluation linkages. Findings were used to develop interview procedures for case studies in the third phase in a western, midwestern, and eastern state. Focuses were on ways in which planning and evaluation were mutually supportive and factors that encouraged and impeded linking of planning and evaluation. The research identified nine interrelated and mutually important factors as incentives for linking planning and evaluation. Planning's impact on evaluation came primarily through formal assurances or guidelines. Evaluation had its impact on planning in program improvement, staff development, and compliance with federal regulations. (YLB) **************** ***** ******************* ******************************* * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************* ***** *********************************** VA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Eclucaftonaf Roassirtt end imorovmortt ED T1ONA.t. RESOURCES INFOMAATION CENTER (ERIC) Nm doCument hal DWI teetOduced as Wonted trom the 011r1S0o Of OrgartalOon Ofriptiof Mg .1 n 'Amor &wigs* Aare bawl made to 'mix ove rePtOcluCtron quality Points of vete of 004nfOnS Stated m thee decoment do not necesse ray moresen t ohtceil OER poattion of colicy A LOOK AT PLANNING AND EVALUATION LINKAGES ACROSS THE NATION Donald E. Elson Deborah C. Strickland J. Dale Oliver Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University


This paper provides an overview of the latest Road Safety Monitor results on drinking and driving practices of Canadians in 2006. It concludes that while the majority of drink driving trips (92.4 per cent) are accounted for by only a small proportion of drivers (4.4 per cent), it is evident that Canada has a drinking and driving problem.


Aiming at the problem that the general Bayes classification model cannot be applied to regression prediction, a Naive Bayes regression model is proposed. Firstly, in order to simplify the complexity of model, attribute values and decision values are discretised from continuous value to discrete value. By summing the probability of Bayesian classification and using the mathematical expectation value as the regression value, the process of regression problem is turned into a classification problem and the Naive Bayes classification model was modified into Bayesian regression model. The difference of input attribute values, output values, application scope, requirement of output values, operation to obtain output values between Naive Bayes classification model and Naive Bayes regression model is compared in detailed. Secondly, the Naive Bayes regression model is application in collaborative filtering recommendation. This study identifies the user and the item as independent attribute characteristics, while rating as the classification category. And the attribute values and category values are discretised to simplify the complexity of Naive Bayes regression model. The experiment results on Movielens-100k, Eachmovie and Jester data set show that this new method has high success rate and efficiency.


Discourse divorce three at once emerged from the hadîth T?awûs history, that Abû al-S?ahbâ. In the hadîth three divorces fell once considered one tune. However, it was found that a history states that 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbâs gave the law fell three divorces. This contradiction can be resolved through three approaches; al-jam'u wa al-tawfîq (compromise), naskh (substitution), tarjîh (Selection). From this, it is interesting to study discourse.


Abstract Objective: To assess the role of rhinoviruses in elderly people living in the community. Design: Prospective community based surveillance of elderly people, without intervention. Subjects were telephoned weekly to identify symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections. Symptoms and impact of illnesses were monitored, and specimens were collected for diagnostic serology and human rhinovirus polymerase chain reaction. Setting: Leicestershire, England. Subjects: 533 subjects aged 60 to 90. Main outcome measures: Symptoms, restriction of activity, medical consultations, and antibiotic use during 96 rhinovirus infections. Adjusted odds ratios for lower respiratory syndromes with respect to smoking and health status. Results: A viral cause was established in 211 (43%) of 497 respiratory illnesses; rhinoviruses were identified in 121 (24%) and as single pathogens in 107. The median duration of the first or only rhinovirus infection in the 96 people with 107 rhinovirus infections was 16 days; 18 of the 96 patients were confined to bed and 25 were unable to cope with routine household activities. Overall, 60 patients with rhinovirus infections had lower respiratory tract syndromes; 41 patients consulted their doctor, 31 of them (76%) receiving antibiotics. One patient died. Logistic regression analysis showed that chronic medical conditions increased the estimated probability of lower respiratory rhinovirus illness by 40% (95% confidence interval 17% to 68%) and smoking by 47% (14% to 90%). There were almost six times as many symptomatic rhinovirus infections as influenza A and B infections. Conclusions: Rhinoviruses are an important cause of debility and lower respiratory illness among elderly people in the community. Chronic ill health and smoking increase the likelihood of lower respiratory complications from such infections. The overall burden of rhinovirus infections in elderly people may approach that of influenza. Key messages Rhinoviruses are responsible for more colds in elderly people living in the community than are other respiratory pathogens combined Almost two thirds of elderly people with rhino- virus infections can be expected to develop lower respiratory illness More than 40% of rhinovirus infections in elderly people are seen by medical practitioners, and three quarters of those consulting are prescribed antibiotics Risk factors for lower respiratory rhinovirus illness include chronic medical conditions and cur- rent smoking; past smoking is not an independent risk factor and stopping smoking is the only factor identified thus far that could reduce the severity of rhinovirus illness in elderly people


Abstract
Purpose
This chapter argues that the crimmigration system is a social control apparatus that disproportionately punishes and racializes Latino immigrants, with important implications for research on assimilation.

Methodology/approach
We support our argument with research in sociology, geography, political science, anthropology, criminology, and law.

Findings
This chapter outlines how two spheres of the US legal system – immigration law and criminal law – have converged into a crimmigration system that punishes Latinos and their descendants. Migration scholars have historically relied on theories of assimilation to explain the fate of immigrants and their descendants. In today's era of immigration enforcement, we argue that it is critically important for scholars to consider how the crimmigration system racializes Latinos, defines them as undeserving of national membership, and hardens racial boundaries.

Originality/value
By bringing together research on international migration, race, crimmigration, and assimilation, this chapter integrates various substantive areas that are not often in conversation with one another.


Background: Despite the 2008 revision of a previously issued black box warning of the US Food and Drug Administration against the use of perflutren ultrasound contrast agents, the warning still reports fatalities having occurred following their administration. We sought to assess 1-day mortality associated with contrast use across a wide range of clinical settings and co-morbidities. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 96,705 transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) in 63,189 adults at our institution between July 2003 and June 2008. A contrast agent was used in 2,518 TTE during this time. The primary outcome was total mortality within 1 day of TTE. Results: Death occurred in 10 patients (0.44%) in the contrast group and in 421 patients (0.69%) in the non-contrast group (p = 0.14). In a multivariate model, use of contrast enhancement was not associated with increased mortality (p = 0.67) after adjustment for age, gender, race, patient location, ejection fraction, and the presence of various co-morbidities. Cause of death analysis did not identify any cases where contrast played a likely role. Conclusion: Definity contrast use during TTE was not associated with increased acute mortality risk. Contrast administration during TTE should not be withheld when the additional information obtained could potentially improve patient management.


The generalized Weinberg sum rules containing the difference of isovector vector and axial-vector spectral functions saturated by both finite and infinite number of narrow resonances are considered. We give a historical survey and summarize the status of these sum rules analyzing their overall agreement with phenomenological Lagrangians, lowenergy relations, parity doubling, hadron string models, and experimental data. PACS codes: 11.55.Hx, 11.30.Rd


after other initial work experience wished to conduct their student teaching in their home communities, while traditional students, those with no previous work experience, were more concerned with ethnic stereotyping by the schools and community they may be placed in for their student teaching. Those traditional students in the Carrington and Tomlin study did not wish to be placed in unfamiliar communities that did not reflect their own cultural or ethnic identities for fear that these unfamiliar placements would contribute to issues of stereotyping and racism. As we will see later on, the college students who participated in this study also had a concern regarding student placement and teaching positions. In addition to the findings of the Carrington and Tomlin study, other studies on minorities in teaching have found complex reasons for why ethnic minorities are not choosing teaching as a profession. One such study analyzed four ethnic minority groups (African American, Latino, Native American, and Asian American) in seeking to determine what hinders students of color from entering the teaching profession (Gordon, 2000). Gordon's study involved 116 interviews of teachers of color from three different states plus a group of 50 Asian American community members, all asked to answer the question of why minority students are not choosing teaching. Gordon's study found that while there were differences between the reasons given by each minority group, some of the main reasons why the participants felt minority students were not choosing teaching were because of low pay, lack of encouragement, insufficient K-12 instruction, negative school experiences, and low status of and lack of respect for teachers. Many of these finding have been reinforced through a number of other studies (Miller & Endo, 2005; Gordon, 2005; Gordon, 1997), and many of them are again reflected in the study reported here. I desired to become a teacher and receive a credential in special education. When I started to examine the number of years it would take to clear my credential, how the nation was demanding standardized testing for students who did not test well, and the low pay, I realized by the time I graduated with my Bachelors in biology then a Masters, I still would not be done with a cleared teaching credential.


Introduction: Penile neoplasms, although preventable, are frequent even among young persons. Penile neoplasms have a high risk of not only morbidity and mortality but also important psychosocial repercussions. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of penile neoplasms in Brazil. Method: This was an epidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data on all the notified cases of penile neoplasms in Brazil between 1985 and 2015 were obtained from RCPBP/INCA and DATASUS databases. Results: Of 9 625 notified cases of penile neoplasms, a higher proportion of cancer patients was observed among patients aged between 40 and 70 years (63.5%) and among smokers (21%), in Brown and Caucasian patients (80%), those who were married (54.2%), had high alcohol intake levels (16%) and with lower levels of education: illiterate people (21.5%), those with incomplete elementary school education (36.6%) and those with complete elementary school education (10.3%). The lesions were located in the glans (22.6%), prepuce (7.5%) and the penile body (7.5%). Higher mortality rates were observed in the age-group 50 to 80 years and in among patients from the Northeast (31.4%) and Southeast (39.2%) regions of the country. Conclusion: Penile neoplasms, which mainly affect young people that are economically active, are prevalent in Brazil and the majority of patients present with an advanced stage of the disease. They are Brown and Caucasian, married, with poor education and live in the Northeast and Southeast regions of the country.


Objective: To analyze the strategies outlined by the National Education Council (hereinafter CNE), in the first decades of the twentieth century, the discussions and the institutional assembly to face the problem of school feeding. Methodology: We propose an exploratory investigation to reach an overview of the object of study, outlining a historical journey that accounts for the discursive positions of doctors and the work of the institutions that intervened with their proposals and expertise in the problem of food . The documentary corpus is based on the magazine The Monitor of Common Education , the Journal of School Hygiene and Medicine , writings published by doctors and statistical data of the CNE. Results: In the described process the lack of criteria was observed, at the beginning of the twentieth century, regarding school feeding and the interference that charity and philanthropy had, helping the public authorities in the aforementioned problem. Limitations: Due to the lack of empirical documentation, we were unable to deepen the scope or incidence of canteens and the Nutrition Clinic in the bulk of the school population. Conclusions: From the end of the 19th century and the first four decades of the 20th century, a process was envisioned in which empiricism and the lack of criteria regarding school feeding gave way to the incipient scientific organization of food with the expansion of school canteens and the creation of the Nutrition Clinic in a context in which food, both in Europe and in the United States, had become a scientific problem.


The push cone penetation test (PCPT) was originally developed for the design of foundations in sands. However, it is used in a wide range of soft to stiff clays, as a quick and reproducible test that provides continuous information with depth. The PCPT, especially the piezocone with a pore water pressure probe, is an excellent continuous soil profiler for identifying clay, silt and sand layers in soft clay deposits (eg Hunt, 1984). This information alone is valuable for analysis and design of construction involving soft clay deposits. For example, even a qualitative interpretation of piezocone pore water pressure and tip resistance can provide useful information on drainage layers or boundaries for analysis of the time-rate of consolidation and associated settlement and increase in undrained shear strength. However, a main reason for push cone penetration testing in soft clay and silt deposits is to obtain data on undrained shear directly; cone resistance is frequently correlated to undrained shear strength from tests such as the field vane, unconfined compression, or other laboratory shear (eg Lunne et al, 1976). It is now, however, well established that the undrained shear strength from the field vane or various laboratory tests is not necessarily equal to the undrained shear strength that is mobilized in full-scale undrained failure situations (eg Terzaghi et al, 1996). Thus the undrained shear strength obtained from the cone resistance that is calibrated against a test must be corrected before using it in stability calculations. It is useful, therefore, to attempt a direct correlation beween cone tip resistance and undrained shear strength mobilized in full-scale instability situations. (A)


This paper discusses particular traits of historical thinking, including the role of the historian's mentality in the perception of history.


In recent years, the methods of motor learning using haptic devices have been studied, which give motion-related stimuli to learners so that they can perceive the stimuli with proprioception. In order to design control systems of the haptic devices, we need to understand the characteristics of human's position, velocity, and force sensation. Then, in this study, we took up the velocity sensation with proprioception, and examined velocity JNDs (Just Noticeable Differences), which represent the smallest differences humans can discriminate, and are a representative feature on human velocity-change perception. In particular, we focused on an effect of acceleration during velocitychange on the human velocity-change perception. A representative way to change velocity is a constant-acceleration movement where acceleration is changed linearly with respect to time, however, it differs from human natural movements that smoothly accelerate/decelerate. Therefore, in this study, we employed the minimum-jerk trajectory that is referred to as a trajectory representing human natural movement. Then, we examined velocity the JNDs in correspondence with various magnitudes of acceleration. In an experiment, as a presenting process, we enforced subjects to accelerate their right hand with a minimumjerk trajectory from predetermined velocities to other predetermined velocities. We set acceleration-time durations to 1.0, 1.4, 2.2, 3.4, 5.0, and 7.0 s. After the acceleration movement, subjects answered whether they perceived velocity-change or not during the movement. The velocity JNDs were obtained by repeating the process under the PEST protocol with various velocity differences. As a result, it was found that, while the acceleration-time duration condition was decreased from the maximum of 7s to the minimum of 1s, and acceleration was approximately increased by 7 times, while, among velocity JND means, the maximum is just 1.4 times of the minimum. As a result, it was suggested that the magnitude of acceleration is not a determinative factor in perceiving velocity-changes caused by externally-applied forces under the minimum-jerk trajectory.


This paper,by materialist dialectics,makes a full understanding of the clauses in criminal legislation,legislative interpretation and judicial interpretation that specify the subjects of corruption and observes the scope of the subject of corruption and its reasonableness.


Acromegaly is a rare disease most often caused by the prolonged secretion of excess growth hormone from a pituitary adenoma. The disease is associated with multiple significant comorbidities and increased mortality. The delay to diagnosis is often long. This may be because of low disease awareness among health care professionals, the insidious onset of differentiating features, and because patients are likely to present with complaints typical of other conditions more frequently seen in primary care. Early identification of acromegaly facilitates prompt treatment initiation and may minimize the permanent effects of excess growth hormone. The primary treatment for many patients will be pituitary surgery, although not all patients will be eligible for surgery or achieve a surgical cure


High level goals such as bandwidth provisioning, accounting and network anomaly detection can be easily met if high-volume traffic clusters are detected in real time. This paper presents Elastic Trie, an alternative to approaches leveraging controller-dataplane architectures.
Our solution is a novel push-based network monitoring approach that allows detection, within the dataplane, of high-volume traffic clusters. Notifications from the switch to the controller can be sent only as required, avoiding the transmission or processing of unnecessary data. Furthermore, the dataplane can iteratively refine the responsible IP prefixes allowing a controller to receive a flexible granularity information. We report and discuss an evaluation of our P4-based prototype, showing our solution to be able to detect (with 95% of precision), hierarchical heavy hitters and superspreaders using less than 8KB or 80KB of active memory respectively. Finally, Elastic Trie can identify changes in the network traffic patterns, symptomatic of Denial-of-Service attack events.


n-butanol and iso-butanol are commonly produced by the hydrogenation of n-butyraldehyde and iso-butyraldehyde employing the patented copper catalyst accommodated in the reactors in series. The main cause of the lower n-butanol and iso-butanol yield was due to the catalyst blockage rendering a pressure build-up that could lead to a plant shut down. Bypassing the last reactor from the series could be a potential solution to continue running the plant until the next shutdown plan to replace catalyst. The study adopted simulation approach using Aspen Plus V10 to investigate the effect of bypassing the last reactor in the series to the product purity of the downstream separation processes. The iso-butanol and n-butanol with the desired purity were produced from the distillate and bottom product when the column was operated at the RR of 8.03 and DF of 0.328. The reaction conversion of R-102 was varied from 0.1-0.995 but the variation did not significantly change the composition of the main product. Hence, the present study affirmed that the bypassing of third reactor from the reactor train would not affect the product purity of the main product, n-butanol.


A method which can accurately measure surface pressure under rotating conditions is presented. Based on the calibration for strain type pressure sensor, a curve which shows the functional relationship between sensor output signal and actual pressure under different rotational speed is obtained; and the diaphragm deformation caused by centrifugal force can be neglected by the curve. Thus, the actual pressure can be acquired accurately. The factors which may cause errors on the experiment are analyzed. Moreover, the correctional method for the experimental data is attained.


ABSTRACT

According to the central limit theorem, if χ1, χ2, …χυ is a random sample drawn from χ2(1), then, when , the distribution function of the sample mean χ=∑χi/υ would asymptotically approximate to N (1,2/υ), or the distribution function of (X -1)/√(2/υ) would approximate to the standard normal distribution N(0, 1). Also, the distribution function of X i i 1 would asymptotically approximate to the normal distribution N(υ, 2υ). Many statistics textbooks or applied statistics research accept the use of a sample size of  υ≥30 for the assumption of N(υ, 2υ) approximating to X . Therefore, in the present study, computer simulation was adopted to test the required sample size for the normal distribution to approximate to the χ2 distribution. This information is useful for the applications of the central limit theorem.


In this paper Neural Networks are used to calculate the multilayered boxed Green's Functions needed in Integral Equation formulations (IE). The analysis of complex multilayered shielded circuits is computationally time consuming, specially due to the need for the calculation of the associated Green's functions. Using Neural Networks as Radial Basis Function Networks, a formulation of the boxed Green's functions can be used reducing the computational time associated to the analysis of this type of circuits. Introduction. Shielded microwave circuits, such as Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits, have attracted much attention during the last years due to their features and advantages. Low cost, small size and reliability are three of them. There are many methods for the analysis of shielded circuits and cavity backed antennas. One of the most popular techniques used in the past is the integral equation (IE) solved using the method of moments (MoM). In this method, the relevant Green's Functions of the multilayered media are needed to set up the Integral Equation, which is then numerically solved. The main problem in the calculation of the Green's functions is the slow convergence behaviour of the modal series, when spectral formulations are used [3]. Also spatial domain formulations exhibit low convergence of the associated images series [8]. Due to this fact, efficient ways for computing the relevant Green's functions are still needed. In this context, we propose in this paper to use the technique derived in [3] for the calculation of the multilayered media boxed Green's Functions. In order to accelerate their numerical evaluation, we propose to use Neural Networks for the efficient computation of the relevant Green's functions during the numerical solution of the associated integral equation. As approximation function tool and nonlinear data interpolators, Neural Networks (NN) can be use to solve many practical problems. In the electromagnetic field we can find NN applied i.e. to the design of antennas, frequency selective surfaces, and microwave circuits optimization [1]. In [2] Radial Basis Function Networks are used, in the context of the evaluation of the multilayered media Green functions, to compute the coefficients of the Discrete complex image method (DCIM). In this paper, Neural Networks are used in a novel way to efficiently compute the multilayered media boxed Green's functions. Neural Networks model and training algorithm. a) Radial Basis Function Network model. Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) are one type of feedforward layered Neural Network. These networks are composed of three layers, namely, the input layer, the hidden layer and the output layer. A RBFN can approximate any continuous function within an arbitrary accuracy, as long as a good choice of the network parameters is adopted. This performance can be viewed as a multidimensional nonlinear curve fitting. The first layer of the network performs a nonlinear mapping, while the output layer performs a linear one. The mapping F from an input space of dimensionality n to an output of dimensionality m is made by (1): where ck is the center of the k radial basis function, x is the input vector, b is a constant or bias, and (1) ) ( ) (


The use of herbal medicines in the therapeutic treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been suggested recently. The present study examined whether selected herbal extracts fermented in Lactobacillus plantarum (FHE) possessed anti‐AD properties. In addition, the study assessed the increased bioavailability of these herbal extracts both in vitro and in vivo. The data from these experiments revealed that FHE inhibited the proliferation of splenic T and B cells in a dose‐dependent manner, when activated with their mitogens. Moreover, the expression of Th1/Th2 mRNA cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13) from mouse splenocytes was inhibited severely as was cyclosporine A. Furthermore, the release of β‐hexosaminidase in RBL‐2H3 mast cells was suppressed significantly. FHE also reduced the plasma level of IgE in dust mite extract‐induced AD‐like NC/Nga mice. More dramatic results were found in the histological changes, which were observed by hematoxylin–eosin and toluidine blue staining, as well as in the macroscopic features on dorsal lesions of AD‐like NC/Nga mice. In conclusion, the results presented in this study suggest that FHE may have therapeutic advantages for the treatment of AD due to its increased immune‐suppressive and increased absorptive effects, which were fortified by L. plantarum fermentation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The representatives of the major algal divisions including Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Heterokontophyta usually show specific patterns of accumulated photoassimilatory products. Among these compounds, the accumulated low-molecular weight carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, alditols (i.e. polyhydroxy alcohols) and heterosides are of particular interest. Comparative analyses based on photosynthetic 14C-labelling provided sufficient evidence that occurrence and distribution of such compounds are in general indicative for particular algal taxa and in some cases useful biochemical parameters for a classiciation of lower taxa even at the ordinal or the generic levels.


This paper addresses the job shop scheduling problem including time lag constraints. This is an extension of the job shop scheduling problem with many applications in real production environments, where extra (minimum and maximum) delays can be introduced between successive operations of the same job. It belongs to a category of problems known as NP-hard problem due to large solution space. Biogeography-based optimization is an evolutionary algorithm which is inspired by the migration of species between habitats, recently proposed by Simon in 2008 to optimize hard combinatorial optimization problems. We propose a hybrid biogeography-based optimization (HBBO) algorithm for solving the job shop scheduling problem with additional time lag constraints with minimization of total completion time. In the proposed HBBO, the effective greedy constructive heuristic is adapted to generate the initial population of habitat. Moreover, a local search metaheuristic is investigated in the mutation step in order to ameliorate the solution quality and enhance the diversity of the population. To assess the performance of HBBO, a series of experiments on well-known benchmark instances for job shop scheduling problem with time lag constraints is performed.


A field study was made of the Eskimos of the lower Kuskokwim River area, in the southwestern region of Alaska, the home of the most primitive of the American Eskimos. This region was chosen because of the opportunity afforded to observe both primitive and semicivilized natives. Many of the settlements are so isolated that contact with the white man and particularly with his foods has not been sufficient to effect any sign of dental caries. In a few settlements, on the other hand, where traders have brought in "store" foods, the natives show an exceedingly high incidence of caries. In 1935 we (L. W. and D. W.) showed that 85 per cent of the mouths free from caries contained no lactobacilli.1In 1936 Rosebury and L. M. Waugh,2in a similar series of experiments, found that 86.4 per cent of the mouths free from caries showed no lactobacilli


The invention discloses a water-borne rust-based anticorrosion coating which comprises the following raw materials by weight portion: 60-70 portions of styrene-acrylic emulsion, 30-40 portions of water-borne acrylic emulsion, 2-4 portions of alcohol ester-12 forming additive, 2-3 portions of vanadium oxytrichloride, 0.5-0.8 portions of benzotriazole, 3-4 portions of glycerine, 2-4 portions of 2- methyl-1,3- propylene glycol, 2-3 portions of hydroquinone, 1-2 portions of pyrocatechol, 2-3 portions of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Methylene Phosphonic Acid Sodium, 3-4 porptions of citric acid, 1-2 portions of modified adhesive, 0.1-0.2 portions of carboxymethyl cellulose and an appropriate amount of deionized water. The coating has good comprehensive performances including base body adhesive power, rot resistance, adhesive power, can completely avoid coating preprocessing processes, including sand blasting and shot-blasting, and can provide lasting and efficient protection for iron steels, the surfaces of which are rusty and not subjected to pre-processing; and accordingly, not only is the service life of an anti-corrosion finishing coat prolonged, but also the anti-corrosion coating process is simpler, and more efficient, economical and environment-friendly.


Abstract During the Open Port period and Japanese colonial period (1876–1945), Koreans generally had a positive image of the United States. This positive view of the United States held by Koreans persisted until after liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945. The United States was a 'liberator' that saved the Koreans, and was viewed as 'a cooperator' with whom Korea was to solve its national task of establishing a new country. However, the concept of 'American imperialist warmonger' had begun to be promoted in North Korea from 1948–49. It was a concept advanced by the Soviet Union and the North Korean leadership. The negative image of the United States, which spread throughout North Korea from the early years of the Cold War, was merely a perplexing stigma lacking substantiated grounds. However, the experiences of the Korean War actualized the image of the United States as a 'warmonger' in the hearts of the North Korean people. Alleged indiscriminate aerial bombings, mass slaughters, sexual assaults, and arson attacks against Korean civilians became the most important reason for the expansion of intense sentiment. Anti-Americanism began to be systemized and routinized in every aspect of North Korean life after the Korean War.


The aim of this study was to estimate the monetary value of a QALY among patients with heart disease and to identify its determinants. A cross-sectional survey was conducted through face-to-face interview on 196 patients with cardiovascular disease from two heart hospitals in Tehran, Iran, to estimate the value of QALY using disaggregated and aggregated approaches. The EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Time Trade-Off (TTO) and contingent valuation WTP techniques were employed, first to elicit patients' preferences and then, to estimate WTP for QALY. The association of patients' characteristics with WTP for QALY, was assessed through Heckman selection model. The Mean willingness to pay per QALY, estimated by the disaggregated approach ranged from 2,799 to 3599 US dollars. It is higher than the values, estimated from aggregated methods (USD 2,256 to 3,137). However, in both approaches, the values were less than one Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of Iran. Significant variables were: Current health state, education, age, marital status, number of comorbidities, and household's cost group. Our results challenge two major issues: the first, is a policy challenge which concerns the WHO recommendation to use less than 3 GDP per capita as a cost-effectiveness threshold value. The second, is an analytical challenge related to patients with zero QALY gain. More scrutiny is suggested on the issue of how patients with full health state valuation should be dealt with and what arbitrary value could be included in the estimation value of QALY when the disaggregated approach used.


A time-bin qubit is a promising candidate qubit for advanced quantum information processing systems operating over optical fibers or integrated quantum photonic circuits. However, the single- and two-qubit operations of time-bin qubits have been largely unexplored compared with those of polarization qubits. Here, I present a simple scheme for implementing a basic two-qubit operation, namely an ``entangling'' operation of two independent time-bin qubits, based on Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference in a high-speed $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ optical switch. With the proposed scheme, the formation of a time-bin entanglement was confirmed experimentally.


In a truck-mounted concrete pump (10) with one of a plurality of pivotable mast arms (22, 24, 26, 28) formed on a slewing gear (32) on a chassis (12) rotatably disposed concrete distributor mast (14), and a tilt sensor (18) for detecting an oblique position of the mobile concrete pump (10), one with the tilt sensor (18) is provided coupled safety device (20) for restricting the concrete distributor mast (14) in dependence on the oblique position of the work area (48), wherein the safety device (20) is adapted to to limit at least one boom arm (22, 24, 26, 28) the rotational movement of the rotary drive (32) and / or the pivoting movement.


A 350MW heat supply unit in a power plant encountered abnormal vibration of IP rotor bearing during cold start after overhaul. By analyzing the vibration data in the start-up process, the reason for abnormal vibration was found out to be excessive vibration of IP rotor passing through critical speed and rubbing between IP rotor and casing. Through the field high dynamic balancing test and adopting the most suitable operation control mode of this type of heat supply unit, the abnormal vibration of the unit was eliminated.


To evaluate if a three‐component model correctly describes the diffusion signal in the kidney and whether it can provide complementary anatomical or physiological information about the underlying tissue.


Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) enabled via cognitive radios (CR) is an emerging paradigm towards the achievement of better spectrum utilization, extended coverage and ubiquitous connectivity for the wireless end-users. The complexity of the DSA framework and persistent disruption due to primary-secondary spectrum etiquette and dynamic spectrum availability raise serious routing challenges. We propose and evaluate RODEO, a novel route optimization method, based on the concept of route degradation factor (RDF). RODEO bases the RDF calculation not only on the shortest path and cumulative route delay concept but more importantly on PU profiling (channel disruption probabilities due to PU arrival) as well as link redundancy. In order to exploit the best of reactive and proactive routing paradigms, RODEO takes a hybrid approach towards destination discovery. RODEO leverages proactive routing principles in order to maintain robust multi-hop paths in the areas of the network least affected by PU arrival. Conversely, in a reactive manner it discovers paths on parts of the network most impacted by PU arrival. Performance evaluations are carried out on different types of network topologies in order to show how route optimization based on minimized RDF through an adjustable REN affects route selection and maintenance process.


According to the characteristics of high temperature(84.3℃) and low permeability of reservoirs in the Shuanghe-V block of the Biyang Sag,polymers 1630s and ZL-I with different degrees of hydrolysis are selec-ted for an experiment on oil displacement efficiency.Thanks to its high viscoelasticity,displacement efficiency of high concentration polymers is obviously higher than that of low concentration polymers.However,considering the cost,polymers of 1 600-2 000 mg/L is proposed for use.An additional experiment on displacement efficiency of different slug sizes is conducted too.The results show that the displacement efficiency of bigger polymer slug is higher than that of smaller polymer slug.However,the incremental displacement efficiency is insignificant when the slug size exceeds 0.5 PV.Therefore,the suggested size of slug should be between 0.4 PV and 0.5 PV.Comparing the experiment results before and after the maturing of the polymers,we find that polymer 1630s with low degree of hydrolysis is more favorable for this high-temperature reservoir.


Electrical utility infrastructures have become largely computerized, remotely/automatically controlled, and interconnected, amongst each other and with other types of critical infrastructures, and we are witnessing the explosion of new paradigms: distributed generation, smart grids. In this accelerated mutation of power grids to cyber-physical systems, may it be that some things are "lost in translation"? Are we using the right models to represent, design, build and analyze cyber physical energy systems? Especially when what used to be an electrical infrastructure became quite susceptible to computer-borne problems such as digital accidental faults and malicious cyber-attacks? This talk will challenge the audience with some reflections and points for discussion along these topics.


The investigation of Habermas's political ideas of philosophical perspective and measuring his philosophical principles ratio, which is the deliberative democracy, is a purpose of this study that will be followed. On the one hand, the importance of this issue is this that represents the new readings of democratic standards and on the other hand, consolidates one type of the democracy that has an epistemological distinction with the liberal democracy. Because of this, it is trying to analyze the philosophical foundations of Habermas, and the main components and standards of reinforcing ideas of deliberative democracy to be explained. The findings of present paper suggesting the political views and beliefs of this political philosopher that are arisen from his philosophical thought, has been based on the standards and teachings of communicative action, discourse ethics, rational consensus and public spheres; In addition, the theory of Habermas' democracy with the discourse consensus has a relatively flexible capability to confront the globalization challenges and from one perspective tries to realize the real sovereignty of people over their own fate.


Protien,carbohydrade,lipid,meat and water content of potentially commercial
deep-water crab Charybdis smithii were determined for various size groups. The
protien content of meat varied from 59.8 to 71.1, lipid from 6.2 to 8.2 and carbohydrate
from 2.4 to 3.4% of dry weight, whereas, the water content ranged between
85.5 and 89.6%.


ObjectiveTo compare different types of rehabilitation for anterior knee pain. DesignProspective, randomized, blinded, and controlled study of 64 participants with anterior knee pain. SettingOutpatient rehabilitation clinic and testing laboratory. ParticipantsParticipants were assigned in randomized fashion to three rehabilitation groups: traditional home rehabilitation (n = 20); physical therapy (n = 21); and home rehabilitation with a modified vastus medialis obliquis (VMO) specific straight leg raise (Muncie method; n = 23). Interventions and Main Outcome MeasuresClinical data was obtained at 0, 2, 6, and 12 weeks. Cybex testing was performed at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. ResultsClinical outcome for the Muncie method indicated a statistically significant improvement in subjective pain and functional impairment ratings. Cybex testing in patients using the Muncie method demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in pain-free isometric contractions and maximum voluntary contraction. There were no significant differences between traditional home therapy and physical therapy. ConclusionFindings suggest that the Muncie method results in improved clinical outcome at a lower cost than traditional home and physical therapy and possibly improved VMO/quadriceps muscle balance. Patients with anterior knee pain may benefit from applying the Muncie method in a home therapy program.


Global climate change is expected to cause lot of serious challenges such as increase in sea level, difficulties in agriculture, abrupt changes in rainfall patterns and changes in ecosystem. Extreme climatic events are also expected to occur more frequently in the future. The study was undertaken to evaluate water availability issues in for the Jordan Lake in North Carolina under various extreme climatic conditions as influenced by the potential climate change. The widely used hydrologic simulation model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated from January 2000 to October 2009 using two USGS gage station monthly observed streamflow data. The calibrated SWAT model evidenced very good to excellent performance (R2 from 0.87 to 0.90 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (E) from 0.86 to 0.90). During Validation phase SWAT model showed very good performance (R2 from 0.86 to 0.89 and E from 0.76 to 0.88). Initial modeling results are promising, which form the basis for hydrological impact assessment of the potential climate change in the Haw River Watershed. This will be accomplished by coupling the calibrated modeling setup with climate models recommended in the IPCC Climate Change Assessment report.


Smoothing is a convenient and efficient way to restrain middle spatial frequency (MSF) errors. Based on the experience, lap diameter, rotation speed, lap pressure and the hardness of pitch layer are important to correcting MSF errors. Therefore, nine groups of experiments are designed with the orthogonal method to confirm the significance of the above parameters. Based on the Zhang's model, PV (Peak and Valley) and RMS (Root Mean Square) versus processing cycles are analyzed before and after smoothing. At the same time, the smoothing limit and smoothing rate for different parameters to correct MSF errors are analyzed. Combined with the deviation analysis, we distinguish between dominant and subordinate parameters, and find out the optimal combination and law of various parameters, so as to guide the further research and fabrication.


In this paper, an experimental study of the rheological behavior of granular flow in a new type of storage silo is presented. The main characteristic of the new design is a hexagonal shape chosen with the objective of minimizing the stresses applied to the stored grains, and to reduce grain damage during the filling and emptying processes. Measurements of stress distribution and flow patterns are shown for a variety of granular materials. Because of the design of the silo, the granular material adopts its natural rest angle at all times eliminating collisional stresses and impacts between grains. A homogeneous, low friction flow is naturally achieved which provides a controlled stress distribution throughout the silo during filling and emptying. Secondary dynamic stresses, which are responsible for wall failure in conventional silos of the vertical type, are completely eliminated. A comparison between the two geometries is presented with data obtained for these silos and a number of granular materials. The discharge pattern inhibits powder formation in the silo and the filling system virtually eliminates unwanted material packing. Finally, notwithstanding the rheological advantages of this new design, the hexagonal cells that constitute the silo have many other advantages, such as the possible use of solar energy to control the humidity inside them. The cell type design allows for versatile storage capabilities and the elevation above the ground provides unlimited transportation facilities during emptying.


Many amines are liquid and their handling is inconvenient compared with the corresponding solids. We transformed a liquid (S)-(−)-1-phenylethylamine 1 to the corresponding neutral solid form 2 by reacting with carbon dioxide. We performed reductive amination of 2 with various aldehydes 3 under solvent-free conditions to provide secondary amines 5 in high yields.


"Quisquis amat valeat; pereat qui non scit amare; bis tanti pereat, quisquis amare vetat" – (Whoever loves, may he be well; may he perish who does not know how to love; may he perish twice as much whoever forbids loving). This is the text of a graffiti found in the old city of Pompei. The author is unknown. Possibly a poet but quite possibly an ordinary citizen that – in the spur of his/her passion – wanted to share with everyone a pearl of his/her wisdom. Amare in Latin is 'to love' and, like in English, it is not just about sex or romance, but it is also about a passion for a cause or an ideal. The Latins knew that being in love – to have a passion!- is being healthy in the body and as well as in the mind. In this article, I hypothesise that the lack of passion and love in life is one of the main causes of modern diseases and specifically immune/inflammatory diseases. I will explore in layman terms the limitations of current ways we deal with diseases by specifically focusing on controlling bodily functions without considering the social and emotional dimensions of one's life. Lastly, I will highlight the importance of cooperative research and engagement with the public and education as the way forward for a more effective and democratic design of new socially inclusive therapies.


A hybrid-powered electric vessel propelling system comprises a vessel control system, a power system, a distribution board and an electric propelling system. A power management controller and a propelling operation controller are disposed in the vessel control system, the power system is connected with the electric propelling system through the distribution board, the power system and the distribution board are respectively connected with the power management controller, and the electric propelling system is connected to the propelling operation controller. A shore power connection box, a diesel generator set and a power battery pack are disposed in the power system, and a frequency converter is arranged in the electric propelling system and connected with a propelling motor which is in connection with a propeller. A busbar is arranged in the distribution board, a master switch and a load switch are disposed on the busbar, the master switch is connected to the generator set, and the load switch is connected to the frequency converter. By means of the diesel generator set and the power battery pack hybrid power supply way, sailing safety of vessels is guaranteed, and voyage continuation performance of the vessels is improved.


The present study aims to identify the helminth fauna of Spheniscus magellanicus Foster, 1781 from themunicipality of Ilha Comprida, southern Sao Paulo State. A total of 28 individuals were analyzed,resulting in an identification of three helminth species: Contracaecum pelagicum Johnston &Mawson, 1942, Cardiocephaloides physalis Sudarikov, 1959 and Tetrabotrium lutzi Parona, 1901.Contracaecum pelagicum and C. physalis were core species, while T. lutzi was considered a satellitespecies. All individuals examined were infected with at least one species (overall prevalence = 100%).The host specimens were all juveniles and the infection may be associated with food items eaten duringmigration to the Brazilian Coast.


Productive Thematic Village is one of the priority activities carried out by the Semarang City Government as a solution in improving community welfare. Thematic Village is based on regional potential and the community as the subject of the Thematic Village plays an active role in improving welfare. One thematic village that has potential as a tourist destination is the Kampung Tempo Doeloe which is located in Jagalan Village. Kampung Tempo Doeloe was initiated by the local kelurahan government as an effort to preserve ancient buildings and existing traditions. However, in its continuation as a Thematic Village itself, this village still has problems. Therefore, a design is needed for the sustainability of thematic villages and the transformation of thematic villages into tourist destinations. The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations for the design of Kampung Tempo Doeloe which focuses on physical elements. Data collection methods used in this research are field observations, interviews, institutional surveys and document review. Analytical method used is descriptive qualitative in the form of descriptive comparative method. The results of this study are recommendations of  physical elements design which divided into 5 elements, namely Circulation and Parking, Open Space, Signages, Supporting Activities, and Preservation.. This recommendation is expected to be an input and consideration for the Semarang City Government in developing and transforming thematic villages into tourist destinations.


............................................................................................. i DEDICATION ......................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEGMENTS ............................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................... xi ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... xii TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM .................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE Introduction ......................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of context: Saudi Arabic ...................................................... 2 1.1.1 Saudi Arabia: The country and its socio-economic development ....................... 3 1.1.2 Saudi Arabic: Language and culture ..................................................... 4 1.1.3 The politeness system in Saudi Arabic and the fear of losing face .................... 11 1.1.4 The Saudi Arabic workplace: Gender segregation and management style ............ 15 1.2 Statement of the problem .................................................................. 19 1.3 Purpose of the study........................................................................ 19 1.4 Research approach ......................................................................... 20 1.5 Research questions ......................................................................... 20 1.6 Significance of the study ................................................................... 21 1.7 Structure of the thesis ...................................................................... 22 CHAPTER TWO Review of Literature ............................................................. 24 2.1 Theoretical considerations: Institutional talk, telephone conversations, and politeness theory ..................................................................................................................................24 2.1.1 Institutional discourse .................................................................. 24 2.1.2 Institutional talk in discourse analysis ................................................. 26 2.1.3 Institutional talk in CA ................................................................. 27 2.1.4 The structure of telephone interactions ................................................ 30 2.1.5 Institutional talk in genre analysis ..................................................... 40 2.1.6 Institutional talk in socio-pragmatics .................................................. 44 2.1.7 Research on call centre discourse ...................................................... 48 2.1.8 Speech act theory....................................................................... 66 2.1.9 Politeness theory ....................................................................... 68 2.2 Linguistic considerations: The speech act of complaint ................................. 75 2.2.1 Defining complaints .................................................................... 75


The aim of this study was to evaluate the recent dynamics of territory use in the state of Rondonia, Brazil (in the Amazon region), from the transformations that the livestock activity know, especially in this first decade of this century. Are discussed the most significant elements for advancement and modernization of livestock in the area - the modernization of territorial equipment and the new territorial norms that enables the viable the process of industrialization of production and a new spatial productivity for this activity.


The establishment of peace in Chad has enabled the country to embark on ambitious plans to become an oil exporter by early next century


Motivated by the style investing model of Barberis and Shleifer (2003), we examine the industry-wide investment decisions of retail investors. We find that retail investor industry demand is highly correlated and strongly related to past industry returns. Moreover, industries heavily bought by retail investors over the past year significantly underperform industries heavily sold over the subsequent year. Similarly, stocks in industries heavily bought by retail investors underperform stocks in industries heavily sold, even after controlling for firm-level demand. Our results suggest that industry-wide categorization influences the investment decisions of retail investors and has a significant impact on asset prices.


The present invention relates to compounds according to formula (1) and/or according to formulae (4) to (10) and their use in organic electroluminescent devices, in particular as a matrix material in phosphorescent devices.


The surface hardening process is one of the high temperature treatment precess wich is applied only on the surface of the object of the treatment so that it result an object with superficial hardness without changing the interior matrix shape of the object. The materials used in this reseach are perlitics gray cast iron and low carbon steel wich are easily available an yhe market to increase the hardness and resistance of the surface of the object througt borodisation. As the diffusion material, boron, wich was derived from ferro boron powder was used. The experiment was conducted by veryng temperature of 800 o C and 875 o C, wich the resisting periods of 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours. From this experiment, it was expected that there was an increase in hardness and reistance of the object surface without changing its interior matrix shape. After conducting the experiment and some test namely metallography test, hardness test, and resistence test, it showed that there was diffusion process on the surface of the object. Having been compared with the sample before the treatment, it can be seen : Based on the result of the metallgraphy test there is change in the exterior shape of the sample, but a constant interior matrix shape of it. Based on the hardness test, there is an increase on hardness, maximally on the sample caded BCK-5/875 the rate of 1080 HV. Kata kunci : Kekerasan, Aus, Permukaan, Besi Cor, Boronisasi


In the title compound, C14H21NO4S, the O—S—O angle is 120.06 (11)°, with the S atom adopting a distorted tetrahedral geometry. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the molecules along the a axis, generating an infinite chain. The disordered C atoms of the isobutyl group were refined with the C—C distances restrained to 1.52 (1) Å and the occupancy ratio refined to 0.504 (3):0.496 (3).


This book contains perspectives on the role of functional foods in the prevention of various human diseases, and this second volume of two focuses on the role medicinal plants, seafood, and processed food play in prevention. The book contains the latest scientific research and the impact of this research on policy and regulation of functional foods.


OBJECTIVE:To analyze the reasons of drug returning in outpatient pharmacy of our hospital and promote rational drug use. METHODS:By retrospective statistical method,the reasons for drug returning in 928 prescriptions of returning drugs in outpatient pharmacy of our hospital between Aug. 2010 and Jul. 2011 were analyzed statistically to put forward countermeasures. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:Patient factor was the main reasons for drug returning,resulting in 779 prescriptions(83.95%);139 prescriptions of returning drugs were caused by doctors and nurses(14.97%);6 prescriptions were caused by toll collector(financial staff) (0.65%);4 prescriptions were caused by drugs(0.43%) . It is suggested to reduce the occurrence of drug returning in outpatient pharmacy through perfecting drug returning system,enhancing the responsibilities of medical staff,strengthening pharmaceutical knowledge training of financial staff,playing the role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care.


This paper compares two systems for parallel programming on networks of workstations: Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM), a message-passing system, and TreadMarks, a software distributed shared-memory (DSM) system. The eight applications used in this comparison are Water and Barnes?Hut from the SPLASH benchmark suite; 3-D FFT, Integer Sort (IS), and Embarrassingly Parallel (EP) from the NAS benchmarks; ILINK, a widely used genetic linkage analysis program; and Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) and Traveling Salesman (TSP). Two different input data sets are used for five of the applications. We use two execution environments. The first is a 155 Mbps ATM network with eight Sparc-20 model 61 workstations; the second is an eight-processor IBM SP/2. The differences in speedup between TreadMarks and PVM depend mostly on the applications, and only to a much lesser extent on the platform and the data set used. In particular, the TreadMarks speedup for six of the eight applications is within 15% of that achieved with PVM. For one application, the difference in speedup is between 15% and 30%, and for another, the difference is around 50%. We identified four important factors that contribute to the lower performance of TreadMarks: (1) extra messages due to the separation of synchronization and data transfer, (2) extra messages to handle access misses caused by the use of an invalidate protocol, (3) false sharing, and (4) diff accumulation for migratory data. We have quantified the effects of the last three factors by measuring the performance gain when each is eliminated. Of the three factors, TreadMarks' use of a separate request message per page of data accessed is the most important. The effect of false sharing is comparatively low. Reducing diff accumulation benefits migratory data only when the diffs completely overlap. When these performance impediments are removed, all of the TreadMarks programs perform within 25% of PVM, and for six out of eight experiments, TreadMarks is less than 5% slower than PVM.


The U.S.-led military operation in Haiti has unfolded with minimal violence and few casualties so far. That factual proposition—which is necessarily subject to revision—has important ramifications under both U.S. constitutional law and international law. On the constitutional level, the avoidance of hostilities defused what was poised to become a serious confrontation between the President and the Congress. On the international level, doubts in some quarters about the legitimacy of a forcible intervention, although not entirely allayed, were somewhat quieted with the achievement of a negotiated solution, which enabled U.S. troops to bring about the return to power of President Aristide without having to shoot their way into Haiti.


It is well known that convections and fronts are the most effective weather systems for the vertical transport of pollutants. I used a two dimensional front model in order to investigate the mechanism of the vertical transport of atmospheric pollutants between planetary boundary layer(PBL) and free atmosphere by fronts. The main dynamic processes which contribute the vertical transport of pollutants are advection and diffusion. The transported amount of pollutant from the boundary layer to the free atmosphere increases dramatically during the developing stage of the front. 46% of pollutants are transported vertically within 12 hour and 54% are transported within 24 hour. In the meantime, compared to the total amount of pollutants transported by both advection and diffusion, about 25% (30%) less pollutants are transported when only advection (diffusion) process in included in the model. The most important mechanism for the vertical transport is vertical advection, while the vertical diffusion process plays an important role in the redistribution of pollutants in the PBL.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] WHEN IT COMES TO implementing a large-scale 1-to-1 computing initiative, deciding which device students will use every day to support their learning requires a significant amount of thought and research. Laptop, netbook, Chromebook, tablet each device has enough similarities to make the decision seem easy, but enough differences to make a big impact on the way technology is managed in the classroom and across your district. T.H.E. Journal recently conducted a virtual roundtable with seven districts about how they decided on the device that would best fit their teaching and learning needs. T.H.E. Journal: What were the key requirements that informed your decision-making? BURKHART: The three main considerations we had when selecting devices were compatibility with curricular resources, ability to manage device, and cost. The focus of our 1-to-1 initiative is literacy. AKIN: Ease of use, cost, and creativity. We wanted a device that we could put in the hands of students and staff and it would work--in simply and reliably. The consideration of cost refers to not just the cost of the device, but the long-term cost of repair/support, upgrades, and software. And, finally, we wanted a device that not only offered our users the ability to consume but also create. RIVERS: Our key consideration was cost. The price point of hardware capable of providing students with a highly functional toolset has finally reached a tipping point. GREY: Our process for device selection can be distilled to the following formula: goals + culture + cost = device selection. TIEUBER: Instructional needs, cost, and infrastructure requirements. WEINERT: We want teachers teaching and students learning and not spending time dealing with tech setups, troubleshooting, and other issues. We want our teachers and students to use as many different resources, tools, and activities as they can dream up. We want to focus as much time as possible on professional development and instructional support for our teachers and less time worrying about things like retrofitting our old buildings with more electricity. TOWNSEND: We really wanted to ensure that this program would be sustainable in the future without ever having to bond or borrow dollars. By reallocating our textbook budget we were able to create a reliable budget for 1-to-1. We wanted to find a device that our students could easily take around the building but also be rugged enough to withstand everyday use. With a limited staff and an increasing number of devices, we wanted to spend the least amount of time imaging these mobile devices and more time working on improving the overall experience with technology. What kind of research did you do to help you determine which device met your objectives? TOWNSEND: Learning how other districts were implementing their 1-to-1 was the most valuable resource for us. Online research and personal visits to districts turned out to be a great factor in making our decision as to what device to implement. Taking a survey of our users to see what they were comfortable with was also a deciding factor. TIEUBER: Members of our 1-to-1 task force visited other districts and schools to see a variety of devices being used in classrooms. These visits were invaluable in giving us firsthand knowledge of how devices were being used and background information on any management or cost issues. The group also read literature on devices; Gartner research on device sustainability was very useful in planning. Based on the research findings, our device subcommittee designed a process to evaluate devices based on the instructional needs of our schools. WEINERT: We ran a pilot for two years during which we had seven different courses of varying levels in multiple departments that were scheduled into classrooms with dedicated sets of laptops and other technologies. …


DEAR EDITOR, A 50-year-old woman with right lung adenocarcinoma developed painful erosions with annular pustules (a) 2 weeks after chemotherapy with pemetrexed, carboplatin and bevacizumab. Skin biopsy revealed intracorneal pustules with fungal hyphae (b, haematoxylin and eosin stain, 40 9 magnification) with Grocott methenamine silver stain positive (c, 200 9 magnification). Direct immunofluorescence was negative. Both skin and pus cultures grew Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The lesions had cleared with postinflammatory hyperand hypopigmentation after treatment with griseofulvin (250 mg twice daily for 1 month) (d) and had not recurred within 2 months. Tinea infection rarely causes widespread erosions or annular pustular patches in patients who are immunosuppressed or who are bedridden. These unusual presentations may mimic more serious dermatoses and warrant investigation.


A society acts sustainably if it ensures the long-term stability and productivity of ecological, sociopolitical and economic systems. In the past, issues of sustainability were typically handled separately, neglecting individual measures' effects on other elements implied by a comprehensive conception of sustainability. The challenge ahead is to develop a holistic strategy for sustainable economic activity that takes into ac-count interdependencies between the various aspects of sustainability, and does not seek to solve problems of sustainability at other aspects' expense.


It is concluded that for the type of systems studied, the system stability characteristics are affected very little by the type of kilovar supply chosen for a central source. If a system is designed and operated in accordance with well-established principles, utilizing modern relaying, suitable generator-voltage regulators, and switching equipments, the stability problem can be essentially narrowed down and isolated to those cases involving electrically long lines and hydroelectric generating stations. In this study, a wide numerical range of parameters was investigated, allowing certain conclusions to be deduced. The data can likewise be interpreted for other systems of similar types. For instance, the results of a high-reactance hydroelectric generator and transmission line of a given length can be applied with reasonable accuracy to a longer length of line and a lower-reactance generator. Similarly, the results of a heavily loaded station with a large inertia constant can be interpreted for one lightly loaded having a smaller constant. Refer discusssion in appendix on this subject. It follows therefore that if certain general conclusions can be reached for the particular systems studied over a wide range of parameters, the same general conclusions can be applied judiciously to other systems of the same type having different voltages, length of lines, machine ratings, and so forth. With this thought in mind, it will be appreciated that the range of constants and the variations studied make for more of a generalization than would appear superficially.


The invention provides an evaluation and analysis method of alternating-current tie line power fluctuation caused by impulse disturbance. The evaluation and analysis method comprises the steps of obtaining the interregional oscillation frequency and the interregional damping ratio of the oscillation modes of the power grids on the two sides of a tie line, obtaining the ratio of the inertia constants of the power grids on the two sides of the tie line, determining the maximum power value and the equivalent impulse time of the impulse disturbance, determining the maximum value of the alternating-current tie line power fluctuation caused by the impulse disturbance and the time of obtaining the maximum value of the power fluctuation, and evaluating the influence of the impulse disturbance on the alternating-current tie line. The evaluation and analysis method of the alternating-current tie line power fluctuation caused by the impulse disturbance is applicable to analyzing the tie line fluctuation circumstances in cases of faults such as direct-current commutation failure and direct-current restart, and helpful for the system analysts and the dispatching operators to analyze the characteristics of the power grids.


Lake Cabeza de Vaca existed in the northern portion of the Chihuahuan Desert during the late Pliocene and possibly until the mid-Pleistocene, limiting taxon ranges and driving diversification of taxa by sundering once continuous populations occurring across this region. We re-evaluate phylogenetic studies in light of evidence of Lake Cabeza de Vaca and present molecular data that addresses the biogeographical influence of the lake. We locate deep mtDNA sequence divergence within several reptile species drawn from populations on either side of the paleolake. We propose one explanation explaining that divergence may be the molecular signature left by Lake Cabeza de Vaca upon herpetofaunal taxa occurring on the eastern and western bounds of the northern Chihuahuan Desert. These findings suggest that the influence of the ancient lake on the biogeography of the region has been too long overlooked. The incorporation of phylogenetic methods into population and species level biogeographic studies (termed phylogeography) resulted in a greater understanding of how local and regional paleogeographical events shaped the lineages of extant taxa (Avise 2000). The conclusions reached with these methods changed the way biogeographers view the impacts of vicariance and dispersal in shaping not only species' distributions, but also phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships (Riddle et al. 2000; Knowles 2004). Phylogeographic analyses produced over the last 15 years resulted in both the resurrection of previously challenged biogeographic hypotheses as well as the generation of novel theories that account for the diversity within a given taxon (e.g., Avise and Walker 1998; Riddle et al. 2000). Here we provide preliminary molecular evidence that supports the role of the Late Pliocene pluvial lake, Lake Cabeza de Vaca, in shaping the contemporary biota of the Chihuahuan Desert. Previous biogeographic analyses of Chihuahuan Desert biota invoked both ancient (Miocene and Pliocene) orogenic mechanisms as well as more recent (Holocene) events (desertification) in explaining both the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of flora and fauna of the region (Findley 1969; Morafka 1977; Axtell 1977; Riddle et al. 1993; Riddle 1995). While transient climatic events during the Pliocene and Pleistocene are recognized as influential in the history of the desert, rarely have specific phenomena been invoked to account for the patterns of the contemporary biota. At the first 270 Rosenthal & FoRstneR—Plio-Pleistocene baRRieR Chihuahuan Desert Symposium in 1974 Axtell presented just such a novel hypothesis that provided a compelling explanation for the number of sister taxa whose ranges meet in the northern portion of the Chihuahuan Desert (Axtell, 1977). Geological activity during the early Cenozoic that included volcanic activity, block faulting, and tectonic uplifting occurred at the convergence of what is now the Texas, New Mexico, and Mexican borders, creating a basin and range topography (Strain 1970). Strain (1966) identified Lake Cabeza de Vaca as a pluvial lake that formed as the series of basins filled with runoff during cycles of heavy precipitation in the early Pleistocene. Reeves (1965, 1969) identified later, lower stages of the lake, which he called Pluvial Lake Palomas. These authors suggest the lake system began to drain during the mid-Pleistocene, flowing south into a large basin in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, and, when finally breached, created the modern channel of the Rio Grande. Subsequent work by Gustavson (1991) found evidence that the Rio Grande began its current southern drainage as early as 2.25 million years ago, at the end of the Pliocene, which suggests that the lake existed prior to this event. At its maximum, the lake covered an area of 23,000 to 26,000 km2—at such a size its effect on terrestrial organismal distributions would have been immense (Fig. 1). Evidence of the lake comes primarily from examination of ancient beach lines and the presence of lakebed depositions and evaporite basins in the area (Reeves 1965, 1969; Strain 1966, 1970). Axtell (1977) found multiple vertebrate taxon pairs whose current range boundaries converge at the lake site and thus may be remnants of a period of allopatry during the existence of Lake Cabeza de Vaca (e.g., Fig. 2 through 5). Additionally, the ranges of many other vertebrates that occur in the area may have been influenced by the presence of this ancient lake (Fig. 6 through 10). The ranges of these taxa are representative of a trend common in many southwestern reptiles and mammals. Indeed, cryptic variance has been shown in the Sonoran Desert along the Baja Penisula for a variety of taxa (Riddle et al. 2000). Fig. 1—Lake Cabeza de Vaca covered an area of 23,000 to 26,000 km2 during peak lake levels, and may have had a hand in shaping the genetic structure of populations in its vicinity. Adapted from Axtell 1977. In the Chihuahuan Desert, Axtell (1977) found that 47% of reptiles and 43% of nonvolant mammals presently occurring in the former Lake Cabeza de Vaca region 271 Rosenthal & FoRstneR—Plio-Pleistocene baRRieR Fig. 2—Subspecies of the colubrid snake, Arizona elegans, converge at the site of Lake Cabeza de Vaca; a similar pattern across multiple taxa would suggest that a local event was the source. Fig. 3—Range limits of longnose snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei) subspecies meet in an area once occupied by Lake Cabeza de Vaca. Perhaps drainage of the lake allowed the subspecies to reconverge. Fig. 4—Northeastern range limits of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) shows subspecific differentiation in the vicinity of Lake Cabeza de Vaca. A biogeographic barrier such as the ancient lake could have been the source of such a differentiation. Fig. 5. Eastern and western ranges of two species of banded geckos (Coleonyx) nearly touch in the ancient lake bed. Axtell (1977), using inductive reasoning, concluded that Lake Cabeza de Vaca likely was a biogeographic barrier. demonstrated western or eastern range limitations in the area and approximately 46% of reptiles and 20% of mammals occurring in this region demonstrated specific or subspecific differentiation that may be associated with the lake. These findings suggest that Lake Cabeza de Vaca may have acted as a lacustrine barrier within the range of many ancestral terrestrial taxa and persisted long enough for differentiation at the species or subspecies level to occur. 272 Rosenthal & FoRstneR—Plio-Pleistocene baRRieR Fig. 6—The western half of the northern range limit of the white-ankled mouse, Peromyscus pectoralis, showing possible influence of Lake Cabeza de Vaca. A northward range expansion during the late Pliocene would have been impeded by the presence of the lake. Fig. 7—The garter snake, Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis, does not occur in an area that approximates the location of Lake Cabeza de Vaca. The lake may have been a barrier to dispersal, subsequently reinforced by desertification of the region. Fig. 8—Range of the harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys fulvescens, showing dip in northern range limit. Lake Cabeza de Vaca may have acted as a vicariant barrier within the species' range during the late Pliocene. Fig. 9—Satellite populations of the leopard frog, Rana blairi, possibly were isolated by Lake Cabeza de Vaca in the late Pliocene. A genetic analysis of the populations may reveal their historical relationships. Recent studies utilizing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA fragments demonstrated a similar pattern of divergence in several species from this region. Walpole et al. (1997) looked at variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between Sonoran Desert and Chihuahuan Desert populations of the cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) and found that mtDNA haplotypes were not shared between the populations, suggesting an absence of gene flow. They proposed that the divergence was due to a Pleistocene Epoch separation and called for taxonomic re-evaluation of the genus. Examination 273 Rosenthal & FoRstneR—Plio-Pleistocene baRRieR of their data reveals that the divergence they found coincides with the vicinity of Lake Cabeza de Vaca (Fig. 11). Similar results were obtained in a study of the desert pocket mouse, Chaetodipus penicillatus (Lee et al. 1996), which also utilized mtDNA fragments to define the operational phylogenetic units. The authors found a significant break in haplotypes between populations from the Sonoran and Chihuahuan desert scrub biotas (Fig. 12) and thus recommended that the subspecies C. p. eremicus be elevated to species status. Reptile species also show genetic breaks in the vicinity of Lake Cabeza de Vaca. Mitochondrial and nuclear analyses of the Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) from Texas to Arizona (Guerra 1998) was conducted to assess how genetic heterogeneity could inform conservation management. Guerra found a significant genetic divergence between samples taken in New Mexico and Arizona and those taken in Texas (Fig. 13). While Guerra did not incorporate samples from northern and southern portions of its range, she nevertheless attributed the divergence to Lake Cabeza de Vaca and proposed that populations in New Mexico and Arizona be recognized as a separate species. Additionally, a recent morphological analysis of the lyre snake, Trimorphodon biscutatus, found significantly divergent characters between subspecies whose ranges converge in the area of the prehistoric lake (Fig. 14). Using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches, the authors were able to assign specimens from Fig. 10—Range of the Mexican vole, Microtus mexicanus. The horseshoe shape of the southern boundary is possibly due to a dispersal limitation imposed by Lake Cabeza de Vaca Fig. 11—Collection localities of Peromyscus eremicus (Walpole et al. 1997). No mtDNA haplotypes observed in the study were shared between black and white localities. Such a disparity in the midst of a continuous range could


Taking the asphalt pavement engineering of Tianshui—Dingxi in Gansu province as an example,the temperature of asphalt mixture at different time was measured,the cooling curve of asphalt mixture was obtained,the cooling characteristics of asphalt mixture were recorded.Based on those,the influencing factors on cooling rate of asphalt pavement was analyzed by the grey relation degree.The results show that the temperatures of asphalt mixture are sharply declined in initial time after paving,with the time increasing,the cooling rate of asphalt mixture decreases.The correlation effect order of the external factors on the cooling rate are pavement thickness,wind speed,air temperature,surface temperature and cloud underlying distribution.1 tab,1 fig,14 refs.


The solution of the interaction composition problem found in the author's preceding work (1984) is extended to the case of simple supersymmetry.


This study aims to verify the situation of health-insurance for pets in Brazil, analyzing the following: a) health-insurance independence; b) animal species covered; c) geographical scope of coverage; d) offered protection and e) obedience to rules. There were 6 terms and conditions and 3 sites on the internet that were analyzed, which are objects of this investigation. This research is classified as qualitative, exploratory and documentary. The results showed that most plans are not linked with another insurance, meaning that they are independents. Even, almost all plans just offer protection for cats and dogs, and this protection is for all Brazilian territory in almost all plans. It was verified that plans that offer covers in all the territory are registered and legal, while plans with local covers seems to be acting against the law. Despite the fact that Brazil has the fourth population of pets in the * Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado, no segundo semestre de 2018, ao Departamento de Ciências Contábeis e Atuariais da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Atuariais. ** Graduanda do curso de Ciências Atuariais da UFRGS (email@example.com). *** Orientador. Mestre em Economia pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Professor do Departamento de Ciências Contábeis e Atuariais da UFRGS (email@example.com).


This paper describes teaching of basic simulation principles as well as underlying fundamental knowledge about a problem which is necessary for building simulation models, making simulation runs, and analyzing results. These aspects of teaching simulation are described from the perspective of using spreadsheet software – a simulation tool available at almost no-cost in all academic institution. Examples of types of exercises and projects for solving problems in fields of production control and planning of manufacturing operations, and Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing. Project requirements for students to fulfill learning objectives of forming important professional abilities of engineers and technologists. Learning advantages of working with spreadsheets and influence on teaching environment and difficulties encountered on different stages of simulation exercises are described.


Multi-dimensional Black-Scholes model on foreign index contingent under random rate is established, the pricing and hedging strategy of the congtingent are studied by martingal method and no arbitrary method, the pricing formulas of some kinds of this contingent are given.


I. Overview .................................................................................... 144 A. Methods of Linking.............................................................. 146 B. Framing............................................................................... 147 C. Framing As a Means For Linking Web Sites ...................... 147 II. The TotalNews Controversy.................................................148 III. Federal Trademark Infringement.........................................149 A. Distinctiveness..................................................................... 151 B. Commercial Use in Interstate Commerce ........................... 151 C. Likelihood of Confusion ...................................................... 152 D. The Polaroid Factors .......................................................... 153 1. Strength of the Mark..................................................... 153 2. Degree of Similarity Between the Conflicting Marks.. 154 3. Proximity of the Goods and Services ........................... 156 4. Likelihood That the Plaintiff Will Bridge the Gap Between the Markets............................................. 156 5. Actual Confusion .......................................................... 157 6. Junior User's Good Faith In Choosing Its Mark .......... 157 7. Quality of the Junior User's Product ............................ 158 8. Sophistication of Buyers............................................... 158 E. High Likelihood of Consumer Confusion............................ 158 IV. Trade Dress Infringement ...................................................... 159 A. The Knitwaves Case and the Landscape Case.................... 159 B. Distinctiveness..................................................................... 161 C. Functionality ....................................................................... 162 V. Federal Copyright Infringement..........................................163 A. Section 102 Subject Matter of Copyright ............................ 163


Seasonal chan,Q;es of .sea-ice characteristics off East Antarctica Icc Strearfl C, Antarctica, slicky' ,':\pOls detected by rnicro-e,arthquake IIlonitoring A watcr~pira('y hypothesis fiJI' the stagnation of Ice Stre:drn C, Antarctica Indication of a dilatant bed ncar Downstream B Camp, Ice Stream B, Antarctica .\ comparison of satellite-altimetry and ice-thickness measuremcnts of the Ross Ice Shelf: Antarctica A digital ele\'iltion 1T1Odelnflhc Antarctic ice shE'd derived from ERS-l altimeter data and cornparisoll with terrestrial nleasurenlcnts Landsat T\T image IllapS of the: Shira~·;(:: and Siple C~oast ice streanlS, \Vest Antarctica Analysis of satellite radar-altimeter return wa"e forms oyer the East Antarctic icc shect ( axes {i'om radar depolarization experiments at L:pstream B Camp, Antarctica, in 1991 92 .A comparisun or satellitc-alLimetry and ice-thickness rlleasurcrnents of the Ross Ice Shelf. .Antarctica Electrical rcsisti\"ity mcaSIHCI1H'nts 011 Icc Stream B, Antarctica lligh-resolution radar on Icc Stream B2, ,\ntarctica: measurements of electromagnetic W'l\ e speed in lim and strai n history f1-Oln huried (T('vasscs


From the first years of the socialist state, the optimal use of fixedproductive capital has been the subject of economic research and continuous study by administrative and economic agencies. The successful resolution of this problem depends in large measure on the degree to which indicators of the effectiveness of fixed capital are coordinated with economic levers. The absence of a direct relationship between the economic resultsof production and the effectiveness of the utilization of the means of labor has necessitated the use of such an economic lever as payments for productive capital in the capacity of a supplementary binding link.


Nearly 30 years ago, Russia and other former USSR states entered an active phase of perestroika (restructuring), when Soviet society started to experience radical changes after deep…